Index

• Abdul Razak, Tun, 748
• Abrams, Creighton W., 398–399
• Acheson, Dean, 20, 137n, 139, 541
• Acheson Plan, 64, 106, 136, 388, 415, 543
• Ackley, Gardiner, 286–289
• Adair, 487
• AFL-CIO, 60
• Africa, 214
• Afro-Asian Conference, Algiers (postponed), 15
• Agency for International Development (AID) (see also U.S. economic aid under Vietnam, Republic of): food aid to villagers, 325–326
  • FY 1967 estimated budget, 554
  • industrial development, 382
  • infrastructure development, 61, 576
  • refugee programs, 60
• Aiken, George D., 270, 635n
• Air strikes against DRV (see also Pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV; U.S. - RVN operations against DRV):
  • approval of, 39
  • assessment of, 143–146, 280–285, 398, 500–504, 645
  • British position, 114, 282, 429
  • calls for ending of, 431–436, 438, 453–456
  • China, People’s Republic of, possible response, 88, 219, 385, 388n, 390, 403–405, 408–411, 484, 525
  • CIA position, 88
  • civilian casualties from, 491
  • continuation of, 395
  • decrease in, 703
  • DRV, effect on:
    • civilian morale, 502–503, 548, 684
    • economic situation, 680–684
    • military targets, destruction of, 684–685
  • DRV position, 367–371, 403–404, 406–410, 421, 684, 707
  • Hanoi as target, 219, 226, 679
  • harbors as targets, 43, 88
  • Hungarian position, 431–436
  • increase in, 69–70, 176, 187, 545, 695–697
  • industrial targets, 184, 681, 683
  • Japanese position, 114, 282, 429
  • JCS position, 579–580
    • “sharp blow” proposal, 521, 544–545
  • levelling off of, 443–445, 545–546, 555, 593
  • military targets, 184, 212, 292, 684
  • missile sites, 88, 117, 240–245, 253–256, 293, 685
  • RVN position, 159, 340, 524
  • Soviet reaction to, 88, 114, 138, 405–406, 408–411
  • target selection, 283–284, 378–380, 388n
  • transportation targets, 43, 99, 184, 387, 501–502, 682–683, 685
  • U.S. policy, 138, 536–537, 708, 712
• Aka, Moise, 317–318
• Albania, 469
• Albert, Carl, 264–265
• Algeria, 302
  • France, war with, 57, 152, 335, 369
  • U.S. contacts with representatives of Communist insurgency, 306–307, 633
• Algiers Conference, 15, 74
• Alsop, Joseph, 458n, 467
• American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), 441, 588–591, 704
• American Red Cross, 497–498
• American Southeast Asia Foundation, 382n, 441
• Amnesty. See Chieu Hoi program.
• Anh, Col., 509
• Arends, Leslie C., 264, 267, 634
• Arkas-Duntov, Urah, 274, 276–277, 312, 474n
• Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). See Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces.
• Arnett, Peter, 309
• Asia, 218, 250
• Australia (see also Australia and Australian subheadings under other subjects), 495
  • bombing pauses, 655, 660
  • domestic opposition to U.S. Vietnam policy, 22
  • military involvement in Vietnam, 69–70, 174, 268, 401, 592–593, 617
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 112, 739
• Ayub Khan, Mohammed, 214, 270, 533, 749–750
• Bacon, Ruth, 353n
• Balaceanu, Petre, 453
• Ball, George W., 37, 39n, 121n, 123n, 188n, 260n, 338n, 386n, 427n, 486n, 514n, 529n, 597n, 598n
  • air strikes against DRV, 383, 421, 437, 456, 579, 640–641, 645–646
    • missile sites as targets, 240, 242–243, 253, 255, 385
  • Communist insurgency:
    • 1965 monsoon as test period, 16–21
    • terrorist attacks, 49–51
    • U.S. contacts with 133, 205, 529–532, 534, 603, 622, 648
    • declaration of war, 484
    • economic sitation in RVN, 60–61
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 580, 604
    • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 189, 191–196, 199–204
    • White House advisers meeting, July 22, 218–220
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 584–587, 599, 601, 639, 662, 665, 667, 677, 679
  • personal impressions of, 208
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 730–734, 744, 749–751, 757
    • international conference, proposed, 9–11
    • U.N. Security Council initiatives on Vietnam, 45
    • U.S. - DRV contacts, 108–109, 119, 274, 314, 328, 334, 574, 581
  • Republican “White Paper,” 343
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • force levels, 33, 40–41, 419
    • legal basis of, 54–56
    • tear gas, use of, 419–420
    • U.S. military loss, likelihood of, 106–108
    • withdrawal of U.S. forces, 56–57, 62–66, 113n, 115–118
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam, 561, 644
• Bankson, Brig. Gen. Roger, 323
• Bao Dai, 79
• Baschiru, Ion, 453
• Bates, William, 631
• Beech, Keyes, 643, 679
• Bell, Colin, 589
• Ben Bella, Ahmed, 278
• Bennett, Sgt. Harold G., 46–48, 50–51, 77
• Berlin, 37–39, 56, 146, 195, 212, 297, 406, 535, 677
  • blockade of, 435, 675, 697, 712, 725, 741
• Big Minh. See Duong Van Minh, Gen.
• Bion (France), 474, 603
• Black, Eugene R., 72–73, 129
• Blue Tree Reconnaissance, 731
• Boggs, Hale, 264–266, 268, 635n
• Bohlen, Charles E., 314n
• Bolivia, 233
• Bombing pauses. See Pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV.
• Bowman, Richard C., 181, 257n
• Bradley, Gen. Omar N., 137–140
• Brandt, Willy, 295
• Brazil, 686–687
• Brement, Marshall, 147
• Brezhnev, Leonid, 629
• Brown, Harold, 210, 213–214
• Bruce, David K.E., 9, 11–12, 15
• Buddhists. See Religious groups in Vietnam.
• Buffum, William, 239
• Bui Diem, 6, 153
• Bui Tuong Huan, 6
• Bunche, Ralph J., 277
• Bundy, McGeorge, 1, 39n, 62n, 77n, 106n, 113n, 147n, 217n, 247n, 249n, 257n, 260n, 298, 367n, 382n, 386n, 389n, 402n, 442n, 486n, 508n, 510n, 514n, 535n, 614n, 619n, 622n, 686n, 728n
  • air strikes against DRV, 37–38, 283–284, 421, 429–430, 437, 444, 456, 579, 645, 709–710
    • missile sites as targets, 240, 242–244, 385
  • China, People’s Republic of, position on Vietnam, 556–559
  • Communist insurgency:
    • morale of troops, 66–69
    • political victory by, 448n
    • small - scale actions by, 414
    • terrorist attacks, reponse to, 46, 49–51
    • U.S. contacts with, 133, 205, 529–532, 534, 603, 622, 648
  • declaration of war, 484
  • economic situation in RVN, 60–61
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 604
    • cost of, 206–207
    • foreign reaction to, 273
    • history of recommendations for, 233–236
    • reserves call - up, 223
    • timing of decision for, 206
    • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 189–191, 195–196, 198–199, 202–203
    • White House advisers meeting, July 22, 218, 220
    • White House - Congressional leadership meeting, July 27, 264, 269
    • White House - JCS meeting, July 22, 210, 216–217
  • French and U.S. roles in Vietnam, similarity, 79–85
  • Goodpaster Study, 181
  • JCS recommendations for Vietnam war, 378
  • Lodge appointment as ambassador, 126–127, 188–189
  • Morse memorandum, 27, 44–45
  • Nkrumah trip to Hanoi, 309
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 300, 303–305, 475–484, 532–533, 587, 635
    • Christmas truce, 646
    • ending of, 702, 714
    • length and timing for, 595, 658, 664, 677–679, 717
    • pros and cons of, 582–584, 598–600
    • Soviet pressure on DRV during, 665
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 180, 363–364
    • DRV position, 575, 578
    • international conference on Vietnam, proposed, 9–10
    • negotiations for, 467, 669–672, 734, 749–751, 754
    • peace initiatives, 73
    • Prime Ministers’ mission, 15
    • U.S. position, 707–709
  • political situation in RVN, 59–60
  • public information program, 294–298
  • refugees, 439
  • Republican “White Paper”, 343–344
  • Soviet - U.S. relations, 667
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, Thant memorandum, 353n
  • U.N. Security Council initiatives on Vietnam, 45–46, 233, 239, 299
  • U.S. - DRV secret contacts, 133, 319
  • U.S. economic aid to Vietnam, 333n
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • force levels, 163, 417, 419, 498–499
    • legal basis for, 54
    • 63 - battalion plan, 166–167
    • tear gas, use of, 413, 419–420
    • Vietnamese public opinion on, 125
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 90–91
    • Congressional reaction to, 630–631
    • discussion of draft proposals, 115–118
    • planning for, 92, 561–562
    • State vs. Defense Department proposals, 571–572
  • Vietnam, Republic of:
    • billion - dollar appropriation for, 165
    • Christmas truce, 639–640
    • internal security in, 57–58
    • non - military programs in, 204, 415, 484–485, 575, 607
    • provincial governments in, 58–59
• Bundy, William P., 39n, 62n, 123n, 153n, 171n, 247n, 249n, 260n, 338n, 353n, 383n, 386n, 442n, 492n, 576n, 579n, 581n, 721n, 753n
  • air strikes against DRV, 429–430, 456, 580
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 235, 269–270, 604
  • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 189, 194n, 195
  • JCS recommendations for Vietnam war, 378
  • Lodge appointment as ambassador, 188
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 599, 714, 717
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 9, 37–38, 180
  • Republican “White Paper”, 344
  • Soviet - U.S. relations, 671
  • U.N. Security Council initiatives on Vietnam, 45
  • U.S. contacts with representatives of Communist insurgency, 119
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 113–115, 163
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 486–491
  • Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 274, 276n
  • Vietnam Panel recommendations, 137
• Burma, 721–722
  • U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam, consequences of, 110–111, 214, 748
• Busby, Horace, 37, 39n, 197n, 260n
  • air strikes against DRV, 240, 253
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 207–209
    • White House advisers meeting, July 22, 218
    • White House - Congressional leadership meeting, July 27, 264, 269
  • U.N. Security Council initiatives on Vietnam, 238
• Byroade, Henry A., 721, 730, 733, 736–737, 739–740, 745
• Califano, Joseph, 607, 619n
  • air strikes against missile sites in DRV, 385
  • force levels, 417, 419, 594n
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 595, 597–598, 637–638
  • public information program, 294–295, 298, 322n
  • United Nations, 669–670
  • White House - Congressional leadership meeting on Vietnam, July 27, 264
• Cambodia (see also Cambodia and Cambodian subheadings under other subjects), 313, 496, 679
  • Communist movement of supplies through, 361, 564, 746, 758
  • DRV, diplomatic support in U.N. for, 469
  • Geneva conference, proposed, 316, 319, 329, 434, 630
  • ICC role in, 709
  • Red Cross packages to Communists in the south, 495
  • RVN, relations with, 455
  • Thailand, relations with, 455
  • U.S. military involvement in, 649
    • air strikes, 627
    • blockade, 214, 526
    • surveillance of water traffic, 185
  • U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam, consequences of, 110, 214
• Canada, 230
  • bombing pauses, 479, 655, 660
  • ICC role of, 705, 754
  • opposition to U.S. Vietnam policy, 22
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 101, 573, 700, 733, 739
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 326n
• Cao Dai, 8, 64, 534n
• CARE, 441
• Caritas, 745
• Castelo Branco, Humberto, 686–687, 693
• Cater, S. Douglass, 37–38, 39n, 167, 218, 264, 260n, 294, 297–298
• Catholic Relief Service, 441
• Catholics. See Palmas, Archbishop;
  • Paul VI, Pope; Religious groups in Vietnam.
• Cease - fires. See Pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV; see under Political settlement in Vietnam; U.S. - RVN operations against DRV.
• Celac, Sergiu, 453
• Censorship, 72, 136, 325
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 71n, 449, 457, 500n
  • DRV, intelligence collection in, 193, 202
  • DRV strategy in RVN, 103–104
  • training of counterinsurgency teams by, 58, 381, 459, 509
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 86–89
• Chancellor, John, 294, 296, 298, 322–323
• Chase, Gordon, 239
• Chau, Col., 509
• Chauvel, Jean Michel Henri, 671, 729, 755
• Chemical weapons, 183
• Ch’en Yi, 428, 432
• Cherne, 441
• Chien Thang (pacification) plan (see also pacification program under Vietnam, Republic of), 396
• Chieu. See Pham Xuan Chieu .
• Chieu Hoi (amnesty) program, 259
  • Geneva Convention, 493
  • number of participants, 642
  • RVN position, 161, 164, 352, 397
  • U.S. position, 72, 96, 102, 382, 388, 391, 415, 472
• Chile, 720
• China, People’s Republic of (see also China, People’s Republic of subheadings under other subjects):
  • air strikes in DRV, effect on, 283–284, 552, 666
  • containment of, 514–515
  • DRV, relations with, 114, 690n
  • exclusion from settlement in Vietnam, 180
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam and, 252
  • French assessment of, 759–760
  • India, attack on, 410, 535, 629
  • Indonesia, relations with, 455
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, effect on, 674
  • political settlement in Vietnam:
    • position on, 29, 261, 264–265, 741, 743
    • U.S. initiatives, 101, 700–701, 746
  • Southeast Asia, threat to, 171, 757
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 39, 140, 261, 428, 456, 697, 743
    • bombing pauses, effect on, 302, 585, 602, 690, 718
    • border disputes, 629
  • U.S. actions in Vietnam, effect of, 149–151, 660–662
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 455
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 246, 327, 356n
  • U.S. airmen held by, 326–327
  • U.S. operations against DRV, response to, 19, 556–559
  • U.S. relations with, 331, 455–456, 479
    • carrot - and - stick approach, 217
    • secret contacts, 272, 740
  • Vietnam war, entry into, 178, 182, 194, 215, 340, 436, 481, 535, 556–559
    • conditions for, 598, 619, 699
    • nuclear weapons use in the event of, 204
    • Soviet position, 260–261
    • U.S. counterattack, 565–566
  • Yugoslav assessment of, 309
• China, Republic of:
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 110, 194, 739
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 233, 326n
• Chou En - lai, 690, 704
• Church, Frank F., 84, 630
• Church World Service, 441
• Churchill, Winston L.S., 266
• Cicognani, Cardinal, 747
• Clausewitz, Karl Maria von, 290–291
• Cleveland, J. Harlan, 27, 232, 338n, 573
• Clifford, Clark, 197n, 218, 556–559
  • air strikes against missile sites in DRV, 240, 253, 256
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 597, 604–605
    • White House - JCS meeting, July 22, 210, 217
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 608, 665, 668
  • State of the Union speech, 659–660
  • U.N. Security Council initiatives on Vietnam, 238, 246
• Co. See Nguyen Huu Co .
• Colby, William E., 274n, 306
• Colonialism, 79, 85, 590
• Commercial Import Program (CIP), 155–156
• Commonwealth of Nations, 315, 455, 701, 706, 707n
• Communist insurgency (see also Expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam; Political settlement in Vietnam; U.S. military involvement in Vietnam; U.S. - RVN operations against DRV):
  • assassination of village leaders by, 458–459, 539
  • battles:
    • Bien Hoa airfield, Nov., 280, 712
    • Binh Gia, Dec., 346
    • Bu Dop, 347
    • Chu Lai, 339, 341
    • Dak Sut, Aug. 18,, 347
    • Danang, Aug. 4,, 300
    • Dien Bien Phu, May 1954, 80, 83
    • Dong Xoai, June, 14, 158, 341, 346
    • Duc Co, June - Aug., 341, 346–347
    • Ia Drang Valley, Nov. 14, 583n, 592, 616
    • Kontum Province, June, 78
    • Phuoc Long, June, 5
    • Pleiku, Jan., 234, 242, 280, 712
    • Plei Me, Oct., 557, 582–583, 642
    • Qui Nhon, Feb. 10, 280
    • Song Be, May, 341, 346
  • capabilities and objectives of, 344–351, 563–568
  • casualty levels, 129, 196, 216, 332, 537
  • case-file:
    • Christmas truce, 595, 625–626, 637–638, 639–640, 646, 649–650, 668, 674, 677, 690, 723, 725, 735, 747
    • U.S. requirements for, 376–377, 541
  • China, People’s Republic of, military aid to, 211
  • coalition government, inclusion, 540
  • defeat of, possible, 510–511, 543
  • defense of Central Plateau, 3–5
  • deserters from, 72, 96, 102, 161, 164, 400, 537, 642
  • disarmament of, 472, 519, 701
  • diversion of supplies by, 539
  • DRV, relations with, 148–149, 599, 718, 736
  • espionage by, 462
  • expansion of U.S. commitment, effect on, 341–342
  • fading away of, 364–365, 421–425, 443
  • force levels, 70, 81, 517, 538, 566–568, 592, 616
  • formation of government by, 73, 200
  • general strike, failure of, 458, 460, 564–565
  • Hate America campaign, 458, 565
  • heavy weapons, use of, 3
  • highlands as target of, 346
  • logistics for, 198
  • medical supplies blockaded to, 494–495
  • monsoon of 1965, 16–21, 87, 93, 113–115, 178, 346–351, 537
  • morale of troops of, 66–69, 177, 407–409, 538, 548, 642
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 477, 481–482
  • political strength of, 448n, 449–450, 461
  • recognition of, 513, 600, 610, 688–689, 706, 723–725, 737, 752, 755
  • Red Cross donations to, 495, 497
  • removal to DRV of, 471–472
  • rice, theft of, 463
  • rise in incidents by, 450, 459–460, 509
  • RVN - U.S. differences on negotiations with, 713
  • small - scale actions by, 393–394, 398, 400, 414, 442–443
  • Soviet assessment of, 418
  • Soviet military aid to, 211
  • territory controlled by, 200
  • terrorist attacks:
    • Brinks Hotel bombing, 280, 712
    • Metropole Hotel bombing, 614–615, 621, 643
    • My Canh restaurant bombing/Bennett execution, 46–48, 50–51, 71, 77
    • suicide satchel - charge attack, Oct. 27, 516, 538
  • transport, interference with, 78, 94, 129
  • U.N. sessions, participation in, 239
  • U.S. assessment of, 358–359, 516–517
  • U.S. contacts with, 119–122, 128, 133, 205, 302, 329, 529–530, 534, 561, 603–604, 606, 622–623, 633, 648, 742, 745–746, 755–756
    • French role in, 302
    • mechanisms for, 305–307, 531–532
  • U.S. force level increases, 75–77, 185–187, 225–228, 515–516
  • U.S. prisoners, 423, 452, 467, 493
• Congo, Republic of the (Brazzaville), 469
• Congress, U.S. (see also House of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S.):
  • Acts of:
    • Appropriations Acts, 267
    • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 85, 705
    • Joint Resolution, 1961 (Berlin crisis), 223–224
    • P.L. 480, 156, 401, 451, 460
  • bombing pauses, 480, 608, 678, 718, 752
  • Dodd Committee, 629
  • expansion of U.S. commitment to Vietnam, 621
  • Javits resolution, 39
  • President’s message re force buildup, 166–167, 199, 206
  • President’s relationship with, 338
  • prisoners of war, 465, 497
  • supplemental appropriations for Vietnam, 85, 175, 198, 261, 618
  • $25 billion approprations request for Vietnam, 741
  • U.S. - RVN operations against DRV, 254
  • White House - Congressional leadership meeting, July 27, 265–269
• Cooper, Chester L., 153, 163–166, 188, 197n
  • anti - war demonstrations, 437
  • bombing pauses, 300–303
  • government information program, 294–298, 322, 324
  • non - military programs in Vietnam, 204–205, 380–383, 575–576
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 73–75, 416
  • Red Cross role in Vietnam, 492
  • refugees, 439–442
  • U.S. contacts with representatives of Communist insurgency, 305–307
• Cooper, John Sherman, 270
• Council of Notables, 8
• Counterinsurgency operations (see also Communist insurgency; Psychological warfare; U.S. - RVN operations against DRV):
  • Arrest and Detention Law, 58
  • bounties on Viet Cong leaders, 58
  • CIA training of local teams, 58, 381, 459, 509
  • countersubversion, 57–58
  • foraging teams, use of, 199
  • indicators of success or failure in, 135
  • informants, 58
  • non - military program, 204–205
  • police forces, expansion of, 381
  • political requirements for, 290
  • resettlement of villagers, 290
  • U.S. troop committment for, 12
• Cousins, Norman, 645
• Couve de Murville, Maurice, 278, 758
• Cowles, John, 137n, 140–141
• Coyne, Patrick, 556, 559
• Cronin, Mons., 744
• Crop destruction, 141–143
• Cuba, 213, 221–222, 420, 469, 535, 697, 741
• Czechoslavakia, 466, 498
• Dai Viet, 64
• Davies, Harold, 706, 707n
• Davis, Elmer, 294
• Davis, Richard H., 453
• Dean, Arthur, 137n, 139–140, 167, 218–220, 249
• Dean, David, 274, 276n
• Dean, Patrick, 11, 299n
• Defense, U.S. Department of (see also Joint Chiefs of Staff), 71n
  • budget for, 593, 618
  • prisoners of war, 498
  • troop deployment to Vietnam, deferral of, 114, 117
• Defoliation, 141–143, 477
• De Gaulle, Gen. Charles, 66, 463, 733n
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 112, 364, 730, 749, 751, 757–760
• De Lattre de Tassigny Plan, 19
• Denmark, 495
• DePuy, Brig. Gen. William E., 76, 397, 486–487, 489, 498–499
• Devillers, Philippe, 330, 334
• Dewey, Thomas, 597
• Diem. SeeNgo Dinh Diem.
• Diem government, 159, 588, 590
• Dinh Trinh Chinh, 6
• Diplomatic peace initiatives. See Pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV; Political settlement in Vietnam.
• Dirksen, Everett McK., 264, 267–268, 343, 621, 661, 751
• Disarmament, 220, 230, 256, 301
• Do. See Tran Van Do .
• Dobrynin, Anatoliy F., 10, 130–131, 418, 629–630
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 583, 587, 609, 621, 624–628, 650, 655–656, 678, 720–721, 727, 732, 754
• Dominican Republic, 37–40, 44, 293, 420
• Domino theory, 40–41, 109–111, 137–138, 214, 221, 634
• Dreyfus Fund, 274, 312
• Dudman, Richard, 663n
• Duong Van Duc, 506
• Duong Van Minh, Gen., 352, 506
• Eastern Europe, 701
• Economic situation in RVN (see also Rice):
  • actions by Ky government, 155
  • agricultural production, 173
  • balance of payments, 156
  • black market in U.S. dollars, 156–157, 237, 333
  • distribution of commodities, 129, 177, 392, 517
  • hoarding by merchants, 78, 94–95
  • industrial development, 382
  • inflation, 173, 237, 448, 451, 458, 460, 462–463, 508, 643
  • land reform, 60, 382, 388, 576
  • military buildup, effect of, 517–518, 523, 539, 548
  • shipping, 463
• Ecuador, 270
• Eighteen - Nation Disarmament Committee meetings, Geneva, 220, 230, 256, 301
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 64, 266–267, 343
  • bombing pauses, 621, 640
  • consultation with, 291–293, 325–326
  • declaration of war, 484
  • Korean armistice, 91
  • U.S. commitment to Vietnam, 56, 148, 262n
• Ek, Lt. Paul, 394
• Elections (see also under Political situation in RVN):
  • U.N. - supervised, 252, 258, 260, 276
  • U.S. 1964 elections, 572n, 573
• Erhard, Ludwig, 112, 686, 730, 749, 751
• Ervin, Sam, 634
• Ethiopia, 74, 495
• Ethnic groups in Vietnam:
  • Cambodians, 105
  • Chinese, 105
  • military coup, effect on, 7
  • Montagnards, 59, 105, 400–401, 628, 724
• Expansion of U.S. commitment to Vietnam (see also U.S. military involvement in Vietnam; U.S. policy in Vietnam):
  • Americanization of the conflict, 208
  • Australian position, 270
  • Canadian position, 270
  • China, People’s Republic of, reaction, 228–229
  • cost of, 206–207, 212, 583
  • deferment of, 547–548
  • DRV reaction, 225–228, 341–342
  • education of the public on, 294–298
  • Ghanaian position, 273
  • history of recommendations for, 233–236
  • Honolulu meeting, April 20, 235
  • non - Communist world reactions, 230–231
  • Netherlands position, 270
  • Pakistani position, 270
  • Philippine position, 270
  • public statement re, 206, 249–253, 257n, 273
  • quiet reversal of, 238
  • recommendations for 1966, 582, 593, 595, 617
  • recommendations for 1967, 593, 617
  • RVN position, 525
  • Soviet reaction, 229–231
  • support forces in Asian and Pacific areas, 366n
  • U.S. economy, effect on, 286–289
  • U.S. - RVN understandings for facilitation of, 236–237, 247–249, 251, 257–260
  • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 188–204
  • White House advisers meeting, July 22, 217–220
  • White House - Congressional leadership meeting, July 27, 264–269
  • White House - JCS meeting, July 22, 209–217
• Fanfani, Amintore, 576–579, 581, 658, 663n, 676, 704, 708, 733
• Federenko, Nikolai, 132n
• Finland, 495
• Ford, Emmett B., Jr., 431
• Ford Foundation, 710n
• Ford, Gerald R., Jr., 217, 264, 266, 343n, 487, 634, 662
• Formosa Straits, 250, 535
• Fortas, Abe, 597, 658, 660, 664–665
• Fowler, Henry H., 260n, 263
• France (see also France and French subheadings under other subjects), 496
  • Algerian war, 57, 152, 335, 369
  • diplomatic break with RVN, 38–39, 77
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 269
  • Indochina war, 18–19, 57, 79–80, 82–83, 208
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 479
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 112
    • French role in, 272, 315, 371, 571, 756
    • Goldberg - de Gaulle talks, 757–760
    • U.S. initiatives, 101, 700, 733
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 233, 326n
  • United States, relations with, 463
  • U.S. military aid to, 18
• Frankel, Max, 598
• Freeman, Orville, 647
• Freymond, Jacques, 496
• Friends. See American Friends Service Committee.
• Fulbright, J. William, 84, 260, 270
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 270–272, 620, 645
  • international conference on Vietnam, proposed, 10
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 677, 720, 750–751
• Galbraith, John Kenneth, 221–223, 238
• Geneva Accords, 1954, 148, 220, 247, 252, 649, 708
  • amnesty provision, 543
  • China, People’s Republic of, position, 279
  • DRV position, 275, 315, 577, 588, 590, 627
  • Indian position, 289
  • RVN position, 258
  • Thant memoranda, 326
  • U.S. position, 329–331, 353–355, 371, 541, 595, 625, 656, 689, 706, 745
  • Yugoslav position, 289
• Geneva Accords on Laos, 1962, 147–148, 220, 454–456, 574, 627, 689, 705, 706
• Geneva Conference on Korea and Indochina, 1954, 83, 354
• Geneva Conference on Peace in Southeast Asia, proposed, 101
  • British position, 279
  • Cambodian position, 746
  • China, People’s Republic of, position, 279
  • DRV position, 279, 316, 329
  • French position, 279
  • Soviet position, 130–131
  • U.N. role in, 277, 279
  • U.S. position, 131–132, 139, 319, 701
• Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War, 1949, 452, 464–466, 492–494, 496–498, 568–569
• Geneva convention on warfare, 324
• Geneva disarmament talks, 220, 230, 256, 301
• Germany, Federal Republic of, 56, 112, 140, 733
• Ghana, 315, 480, 693, 706
• Giap. See Vo Nyuyen Giap.
• Gilpatric, Roswell L., 137
• Ginsburg, David, 596
• Goldberg, Arthur J., 231–232, 367n, 510n, 572n
  • air strikes against missile sites in DRV, 240, 242–244, 253, 255
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 249, 251
  • Johnson speech before U.N., 669
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 320–321, 601–602, 655, 720
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 338, 392, 467–470, 533, 751
    • DRV proposal, 576–579, 581
    • French - U.S. talks, 757–760
  • talks with the Pope, 731, 733–734, 740, 744–747, 749, 754
  • tear gas use in Vietnam, 413
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 277–279
    • Thant memorandum, 326–327, 353n, 356n
  • U.N. Security Council initiatives on Vietnam, 238, 245–247, 263, 271, 299, 317–318, 671
• Goldwater, Barry M., 53, 627, 718
• Gomulka, Wladislaw, 749, 757
• Gonard, Samuel, 492, 496
• Goodell, Charles E., 343n
• Goodpaster, Lt. Gen. Andrew A., 153, 188
  • air strikes against DRV, 430
  • declaration of war, 485
  • Eisenhower, meetings with, 291–293, 325, 621
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 673
  • study on Vietnam, 181–187
• Goodwin, Richard, 260n, 264, 269
• Gordon, Lincoln, 686–687
• Goure (Rand Corp.), 642–643
• Great Society, 647
• Greece, 214, 560, 617, 686, 697, 741
• Greene, Felix, 690n
• Greene, Gen. Wallace M., Jr., 210, 214–215
• Greenfield, James L., 294–295, 297–298, 322–323, 325, 492n
• Gromyko, Andrei A., 51–54, 427–428, 432–433
• Gronouski, John A., 720, 737–738, 739n, 752, 756n, 757
• Gruening, Ernest, 84
• Guam, 35
• Guatemala, 270
• Guinea, 74, 469
• Gulf of Tonkin incident, 280, 705
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 85, 705
• Gullion, Edmund S., 312–316, 319, 328–332, 334–337, 367–371, 384, 504
• Hammarskjold, Dag, 235–236
• Hand, Lloyd, 338n
• Harlech, Lord. SeeOrmsby Gore, David.
• Harriman, Marie, 721
• Harriman, W. Averell, 74, 338n
  • air strikes against missile sites in DRV, 240n
  • diplomatic role for, 614, 621–622, 638, 651–652, 666, 671
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 612, 719–721
  • third - country troops, request for, 686–687
  • U.N. Security Council initiatives on Vietnam, postponement of, 238, 278
  • U.S. commitment in Vietnam, nature of, 704n
  • U.S. - DRV contacts, 595
  • visits:
    • Europe, Dec. 1965 - Jan. 1966, 655, 687, 719–721, 732, 737–738, 740, 750–754
    • India, Jan. 1966, 749, 754
    • Moscow, July 1965, 118, 147–152, 179–180, 277–278, 309, 427
    • Yugoslavia, July 1965, 289, 309
• Hebert, Edward, 634
• Heller, Walter W., 596
• Helms, Richard N., 37, 39n, 188n, 260n, 743
  • missile sites as targets in DRV, 240, 253
  • U.S. contacts with Communists in the south, 119–121
  • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 189
• Herfurt, Jack A., 153
• Herring, George C., 312–313, 319, 328n, 371n
• Hertz, Burke, 306
• Hertz, Gustav C., 165, 306, 474, 494
• Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 264, 268–269, 751
• Hill, Lister, 631
• Hitch, Charlie, 163
• Ho Chi Minh, 82, 148, 151–152, 193, 215, 290, 328
  • Le Monde declaration, 330–331, 334–337
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 577–578, 581, 626, 690n, 744–745, 756
  • political support in the south, 308
  • U.S. military aid to France, 18
  • willingness to fight long war, 266, 364, 473
• Hoa Hao, 8
• Hoang Quynh, 24
• Hoffman, Paul G., 139–140
• Hop Tac program, 136
• House of Representatives, U.S. (see also Congress, U.S.):
  • Foreign Affairs Committee, 303n, 307–308
  • Republican Committee on Planning and Research, 343n
• Hughes, Thomas L., 556n, 559, 598n, 601n, 754n
• Humphrey, Hubert H., 267, 655, 671, 686
  • air strikes against missile sites in DRV, 240, 244, 253, 256
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 612, 651–652, 666
  • U.S. commitment in Vietnam, nature of, 704n
• Humphreys, Gen., 687
• Hungary, 627, 671, 719–720, 739
  • talks with the U.S., 431, 688–691, 714, 722–726, 730–733, 750
• Huong government, 24, 234, 374
• Huynh Van Tam, 306
• Hyland, William, 754n
• ICRC. See Red Cross, International Committee of the.
• Ignatius, Paul, 163
• India (see also India and Indian subheadings under other subjects), 151, 214
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 22, 479–480, 655, 660
  • China, People’s Republic of, attack, 410, 535, 629
  • Communist takeover of Vietnam, effect of, 41
  • Congress Party, 693
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 230
  • ICC role of, 705, 749, 754, 757
  • Pakistan, conflict with, 390, 407, 410, 420, 428, 468, 660
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 700, 739
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 326n
  • United States, relations with, 515
• Indochina. See Indochina war under France.
• Indonesia, 496, 668
  • China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 455
  • U.S. military role in Malaysia conflict, 194
  • political settlement in Vietnam, effect of, 110–111
• Information program, U.S., 294–298, 322–325, 596
• Inouye, Daniel, 635n
• International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). See Red Cross, International Committee of.
• International conference on Vietnam, proposals, 9–11, 149
  • Prime Ministers’ mission role in, 15
• International Control Commission (ICC), 466, 541, 590, 738, 749, 754, 757
  • Cambodia, role in, 758
  • Communist terrorist attacks, 48
  • Laos crisis, 705
• International Rescue Committee, 60
• Iran, 671, 687, 729
• Ireland, 495
• Italy, 733, 749
• Ivory Coast, 233
• Jackson, Henry, 631
• Jacobson, Col., 164
• Japan (see also Japan and Japanese subheadings under other subjects), 151, 495, 696
  • DRV, trade with, 213
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 230, 650
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 479, 655, 660, 739
  • United States, relations with, 515
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 22, 195–196, 671
  • U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam, effect of, 110–111, 214
• Javits, Jacob K., 630
• Javits Resolution, 39
• Johnson, Gen. Harold, 210, 215, 234
• Johnson, Lyndon B., 37, 62n, 86n, 106n, 125n, 147n, 217n, 291n, 298, 382n, 686n, 707n, 728n
  • air strikes against DRV, 283, 437–438, 579, 620
    • assessment of, 280, 646
    • military targets, 240–244, 253–257
  • British - U.S. discussions, 11–13, 40
  • cease - fires:
    • Christmas truce, 639, 646–647, 691
    • requirements for, 376
  • Communist insurgency:
    • defeat of, possible, 510–511
    • 1965 monsoon as test period, 16–21
    • small - scale actions by, 414
    • terrorist attacks by, 46, 49, 614
    • troop morale, 66
    • U.S. contacts with, 133, 329, 529
  • coup against Quat government, 13–14
  • declaration of war, 484
  • DRV attitude toward election of, 435
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 260, 262–263, 269, 620
    • cost of, 206–207
    • history of recommendations for, 233–235
    • public statement for, 257n, 273
    • timing of decision for, 206
    • U.S. economy, effect on, 286
    • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 191–195, 197, 199–202, 204
    • White House advisers meeting, July 22, 218–220
    • White House - Congressional leadership meeting, July 27, 269
    • White House - JCS meeting, July 22, 209–217
  • government information program, 322, 325
  • Ky government, 34, 399
  • Lodge appointment as ambassador, 126–127, 188
  • McNamara - Lodge mission, July:
  • Lodge’s report, 170–171
  • McNamara’s report, 171, 188
  • media position on policies of, 84
  • message re force buildup, 166–167, 199, 206
  • Morse memorandum, 27, 44
  • Nkrumah trip to Hanoi, 309–312
  • non - military programs in Vietnam, 380, 484–485, 607, 619–620
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 303, 320, 489, 532, 587, 622n, 635, 637, 668, 737
    • announcement of, 611–612, 653, 677–679
    • Christmas truce, 646–647 ending of, 702, 714–716
    • extension of, 709
    • pros and cons of, 582, 584, 599, 658
    • safeguards for U.S. interests during, 672–673, 676
    • U.N. draft speech for explanation of, 666–667, 669
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 133, 180, 319, 363
    • DRV statements on negotiations, 416
    • Harriman talks with European leaders, 729, 732, 756
    • international conference, proposals, 9–11, 149–151, 316
    • negotiations for, 416, 468–469, 560, 574, 576, 670, 699, 706, 719–721, 732–734, 737–738, 744–747, 749, 757–760
  • political situation in Vietnam, 77
  • Republican “White Paper”, 343
  • Southeast Asian economic development programs, 702
  • Soviet - U.S. relations, 179–180
  • talks on Vietnam, 150, 427
  • speeches:
    • State of the Union, 659–660
    • U.N. anniversary, San Francisco, June 25, 10–11, 32–33, 45n, 46n, 245–247, 670
  • U.N. Security Council initiatives on Vietnam, 45, 231–233, 238–239, 279n, 299, 317
  • unification of Vietnam, 275, 354–355
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • force levels, 33, 162–163, 366, 411, 419, 457
    • legal basis for, 54–55 planning for,
    • 41, 514
    • 63 - battalion proposal, 166–167
    • tear gas, use of, 402, 413, 420
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 535
    • British position, 644–645
    • Congressional reaction to, 630
    • discussion on draft proposals, 115–118
    • planning for, 92, 561–562
    • State vs. Defense Department proposals, 571, 597
    • U.S. public opinion on, 190
  • Vietnam, Republic of:
    • appropriation requests for, 165
    • broad - based political party, establishment of, 692
    • intelligence collection in, 338
    • internal security in, 57
    • refugees, 391
    • U.S. economic aid, 333n
    • U.S. goals for 1966 in, 710
  • Vietnam panel recommendations, 137
  • weekly Embassy reports to, 13–15, 34–35, 77–79, 129–130, 169–170, 332–333, 391–393, 399–401, 421–424, 448–451, 458–460, 508–510, 569–571, 641–643
• Johnson, U. Alexis, 39n, 236n, 529n, 581n, 597n, 598n, 717n, 721n
  • air strikes against DRV, 430
  • Communist insurgency, 51, 128, 344
  • DRV - U.S. secret contacts, 128
  • McNamara - Lodge mission, July, 153, 169, 171, 190, 197
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 491, 658, 660, 665, 668–669, 677–678, 714–716
  • peace initiatives, 174n, 730
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • force levels, 40, 113n
    • RVN military performance, effect on, 126
    • U.S. - RVN understandings on, 248, 257, 259
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 535–554
• Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) (see also Wheeler, Gen. Earle G.), 1n, 188, 486n, 500n
  • air strikes against DRV, 398, 429n, 579, 620
    • escalation of, 600
    • military targets, 117, 389–390
    • “sharp blow,” 521, 544–545
  • airfields in Vietnam, increase of, 70
  • call - up of reserves, 617–618
  • Christmas truce, 640
  • deployment of Marines to Danang, 234
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 210–217, 273, 607
  • force levels, 412
  • memoranda:
    • JCSM-643-65, 366n
    • JCSM-652-65, 356–358, 377–378
    • JCSM-670-65, 389
    • JCSM-907-65, 692
  • military planning for Vietnam, 396
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 596, 608, 638, 646–647, 658, 672–673, 692
• Jordan, 233
• Jorden, William J., 294–295, 322, 437
• Joy, C. Turner, 677, 735
• Kashmir, 427, 760
• Katzenbach, Nicholas deB., 260n
• Keating, Kenneth B., 222
• Keldysh, Mstislav V., 52
• Kennan, George F., 52–53, 708
• Kennedy, Edward M., 441
• Kennedy, John F., 255, 262n, 454, 535–536, 705
• Kennedy, Robert F., 621–622, 633
• Kennedy - Khruschev summit, Vienna, June 1961, 147, 255
• Kent, Sherman, 743
• Kenya, 469, 693
• Khang, Gen., 153
• Khanh. SeeNguyen Khanh, Maj. Gen.
• Khrushchev, Nikita S., 147, 255, 454, 705
• Killen, James S., 78
• Kissinger, Henry, 460, 677
• Kistiakowsky, George S., 137, 139
• Kleiman, Robert, 488
• Kohler, Foy D., 51–54, 147, 721
• Komer, Robert W., 619n, 631, 710
• Korea, Democratic Republic of, 29–30, 227
• Korea, Republic of:
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 655, 660
  • broad - based political party in RVN, 692–694
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 110–111, 194–195, 739
  • Soviet military intervention in, 212
  • troops in Vietnam:
    • base security role for, 4–5
    • educational programs by, 695
    • force increases, 1, 70, 76, 174, 186, 197
    • U.S. position, 268, 592–593, 617, 686
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 671
• Korean war, 29, 151, 208, 215, 221, 250, 596, 696, 712, 741
  • armistice talks, 675, 677, 713, 725, 735
  • comparisons to Vietnam war, 287–288, 296–297
  • U.S. public opinion during, 194
• Kosygin, Alexei N., 74–75, 629, 647
  • Harriman talks, 147–152, 179–180, 277–278, 309, 427
  • Soviet military budget reductions, 230
• Krock, Arthur, 720
• Kuchel, Thomas H., 264, 268, 635
• Ky government (see also Political situation in RVN; Vietnam, Republic of), 38
  • assets and liabilities of, 23–27, 505–507
  • Cabinet changes, 423
  • control of territory by, 592, 616
  • coup against Quat, 6–9, 13–14
  • DRV position, 367–368
  • inaction of, 517, 539, 591
  • McNamara - Lodge mission, meeting with, 153–162
  • Papal appeal for peace, 744
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 663, 674
  • public opinion toward, 445–448
  • public relations activities of, 95–96
  • stability of, 161–162, 164, 173, 201–202, 388, 399, 415, 564
    • coup rumors, 372–375, 450–451, 506
  • 26 - point program, 25, 34, 93, 96, 248
  • U.S. initiatives for support of, 101–102, 553–554, 713
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 91–92
  • U.S. veto power over actions of, 176, 193
  • withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam, 64–65, 213
• Ky. SeeKy government; Nguyen Cao Ky.
• La Pira, Giorgio, 581, 733, 745
• Labor movement, 60, 447, 463
• Lac, Col., 509
• Laird, Melvin R., 22, 85, 343n
• Lake, W.A.K., 589
• Lam Bao, 736
• Lansdale, Maj. Gen. Edward G., 289–290, 325, 401, 450
  • broad - based political party in RVN, establishment of, 694
  • Congressional witness role for, 619
  • pacification program, 424–426, 459, 735
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 481
• Laos, 313, 346, 705
  • Communist activity in:
    • DRV forces, 436, 455, 525–526, 668, 691
    • DRV logistical support for, 144, 281, 342, 504, 685
    • increase of, 227, 408
    • road - building, 564, 616
  • Communist control of, 759
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 269
  • Geneva Accords, 1962, 147–148, 454–456
  • Geneva conference, proposed, 316, 319, 329, 434
  • Operation Barrel Roll, 477
  • Operation Steel Tiger, 477
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 110, 739
  • U.S. military actions in, 184, 649
    • air strikes, 135, 185, 187, 395, 414, 477, 480, 490, 627, 646, 652, 703, 717
    • anti - infiltration barrier proposal, 526–527
    • ground forces, use of, 528, 535–536, 630
    • reconnaissance flights, 376–377
    • Special Forces interdiction of Ho Chi Minh trail, 91, 100, 185, 187
  • U.S. policy in, 358, 735
  • withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam, 65
• Larson, Arthur H., 137–140
• Latin America, 687
• Le Van Hoach, 530, 534, 756
• Le Van Tien, 424–425
• Lebanon, 495
• Leddy, John, 338n, 453
• Leibman, 294, 296–298
• LeMay, Gen. Curtis, 487, 621
• Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 212
• Lenin, V.I., 290
• Leonhart, William, 463n
• Lewis, Anthony, 38
• Li Thanh Nghi, 684
• Liechtenstein, 495
• Lippmann, Walter S., 218, 449, 645
• Lipscomb, Glenard, 631
• Lisle, Raymond E., 453
• Lodge, Henry Cabot (see also McNamara - Lodge Mission to Saigon, July), 260n, 647
  • air strikes against missile sites in DRV, 240, 243, 253, 255
  • appointment as ambassador to RVN, 92, 188–189
  • Christmas truce, 640
  • Communist insurgency:
    • capabilities and objectives of, 344–351, 563
    • defeat of, possible, 510–511, 543
    • defections from, 400, 415
    • DRV differences with, 736
    • political strength of, 449–450
    • slowdown in, 393–394
  • Eisenhower, meeting with, 325–326
  • expansion of U.S. commitment to RVN, 525, 580, 591, 593
    • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 189–190, 193, 195–198, 201, 204
    • White House - Congressional leadership meeting, July 27, 264–266
  • French - U.S. relations, 463
  • neutral Vietnam, prospect of, 179n
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of North Vietnam, 300, 438–439, 478, 487–488, 491, 587, 610–611, 650, 653–654, 717, 718n
    • safeguards for U.S. interests during, 672–673, 675–676
  • personal assessments of, 207
  • political settlement in Vietnam:
    • concerns re, 363–365, 734–735, 740–742
    • negotiations for, 392–393, 467–468, 470–473, 486, 533, 559–561, 739
    • peace initiatives, 174n, 188
    • U.S. contacts with DRV, 133, 384
    • U.S. contacts with representatives of Communist insurgency, 133, 529–532, 534, 603–604, 606, 622–623, 648, 755–756
  • Republican “White Paper”, 343
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 246, 263, 339–340, 353n
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 262, 396–398, 457
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 116, 384
  • Vietnam, Republic of:
    • broad - based political party, establishment of, 694
    • force level requirements, 618
    • military role in, 695
    • pacification programs in, 389n, 393–396, 415, 421–424, 462
    • public opinion toward Ky government, 445–448
    • refugees, 391
    • stability of Ky government, 399, 505–507
    • Thi coup threat, 372–375
  • weekly Embassy reports to the President, 332–333, 393–393, 399–401, 421–424, 448–451, 458–460, 508–510, 569–571, 641–643
• Long, Russell B., 264, 266
• Lovett, Robert, 137n, 140
• Macapagal, Diosdado, 655
• MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 215–216
• Magnuson, Warren, 632
• Mahon, George, 631
• Maissi, Elli, 274
• Mai Van Bo, 109, 123, 474
  • meeting with Arkas-Duntov, 274–277
  • meetings with Quaker committee, 588–591, 704
  • “Rupert - X” (XYZ) talks, 312–316, 319, 328–332, 334–337, 367–371, 384, 504
  • U.S. negotiations with, 595, 698, 720, 722n, 729–730, 750
• Malaya, 365, 472
• Malaysia, 110–112, 194, 214, 233, 318, 748
• Mali, 469
• Malita, Mircea, 453
• Manac’h, Etienne, 474
• Manfull, Melvin L., 153, 257
• Mann, Thomas, 338n, 749–751, 754
• Mansfield, Mike, 10, 84, 260, 264, 268–269
  • cease - fire in Vietnam, 376
  • Metropole bombing, 621
  • negotiations, 467, 469, 487, 648–650, 720
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 663, 677, 679, 751
• Mao Tse - tung, 148, 290, 511, 558
• Marcos, Ferdinand, 655, 686, 739
• Margaret, Princess, 750
• Marks, Ed, 440
• Marks, Leonard H., 188n, 197n, 253, 260n, 294, 296, 304
• Martin, Graham A., 747–748
• Martin, Paul, 573
• Matseev (Izvestia correspondent), 488
• Maunoir (ICRC), 496
• McBride, Robert H., 328n
• McCloskey, Robert J., 51n
• McCloy, John J., 137, 140, 218–220, 249
• McConnell, Gen. John P., 210, 212–213, 399
• McCormack, John W., 264, 266, 634, 659
• McDonald, Adm. David L., 210–212
• McNamara, Robert S. (see also McNamara - Lodge mission to Saigon, July), 62n, 86n, 92n, 298, 320n, 386n, 442n, 486n, 500n, 510n, 529n
  • air strikes against DRV, 37–38, 383–384, 389–390, 437, 456, 579, 620, 695
    • assessment of, 143, 280–284, 398, 645–647
    • China, People’s Republic of, reaction, 666
    • missile sites as targets, 240–244, 253–256, 257n, 385–386 C
  • Communist insurgency, 46, 398
  • declaration of war, 485
  • economic situation in RVN, 157n, 615–616
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 249, 261–262, 551, 580, 591–595, 604, 607, 663
    • Congressional reaction to, 303
    • cost of, 206–207
    • history of recommendations for, 234–236
    • troop increases, 17, 33, 116–118, 160, 162–163, 366, 411–412, 417, 419, 457
    • U.S. economy, effect on, 286, 288
    • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 189–204
    • White House advisers meeting, July 22, 218–220
    • White House - Congressional leadership meeting, July 27, 264, 267–269
    • White House - JCS meeting, July 22, 209–217
  • Fulbright’s opinion of, 272
  • JCS recommendations for Vietnam, 377, 672–677
  • Laos, 526–527, 668
  • Lodge appointment as ambassador, 188–189
  • non - military programs in Vietnam, 619–620
  • odds of U.S victory, 662
  • pacification programs in RVN, 615–616
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 303–304 520–521, 532–533, 549, 587, 599–601, 631, 639, 658–659, 692
    • length of, 595, 677–679, 714
    • pros and cons of, 582–584, 664
    • Soviet pressure on DRV during, 661–663
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 10, 720, 730–731
    • concerns re, 363, 518–520
    • DRV position, 578
    • U.S. - DRV negotiations, 572n, 574
  • political situation in RVN, 615–616
  • Republican “White Paper”, 343
  • security leaks, 398–399
  • third - country troops, request for, 686
  • U.N. Security Council initiatives on Vietnam, 238
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • call - up of reserves, 596
    • casualty levels, 528
    • force levels, 33, 160, 162–163, 366, 411–412
    • planning for, 356, 514–516
    • tear gas, use of, 402, 413, 419–420
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 90
    • British position, 644
    • Congressional reaction to, 630–632
    • expanded military and political moves, 97–104
    • planning for, 561
    • State vs. Defense Department proposals, 571, 586, 597–598
  • U.S. - RVN operations against DRV:
    • creation of barrier along 17th parallel, 39–40, 136
    • DRV position, 421
    • force levels, 522–525, 668
  • Vietnam Panel recommendations, 137–138
• McNamara - Lodge mission to Saigon, July, 163–165
  • Ky government, meeting with, 153–162, 248
  • Lodge’s report, 170–171
  • McNamara’s report, 171–179, 188, 189–205
  • planning for, 118, 126–127, 130, 134–137
  • return home of, 166, 169–170
• McNaughton, John T., 37, 39n, 62n, 86n, 97n, 153, 171n, 188n, 260n, 274n, 442n, 492n, 514n, 535n
  • air strikes against DRV, 429–430, 444
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 189, 235, 598, 604
  • JCS recommendations for Vietnam war, 377–378
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 456
  • State Department recommendations for Vietnam war, 554–556
• Meeker, Leonard C., 322, 324, 492n, 699–702
• Meloy, Francis E., Jr., 188, 635–637
• Mendel, Wolfe, 589n, 704
• Mendes - France, Pierre, 83
• Menzies, Robert G., 9, 12, 686
• Mexico, 693, 754
• Michalowski, Jerzy, 737–738, 752–753, 756–757
• Military Assistance Command, U.S. (MACV):
  • crop destruction report, 141–143
  • Directive 525–3, 387n
  • force levels, 1–5, 98, 412, 486, 522, 547
  • military planning for Vietnam, 163–164, 396–397
  • press interpreters, accreditation of, 324
• Mitchell, Derek, 11
• Mohr, Charles, 679
• Monaco, 495
• Monroney, Mike, 632
• Montagnards, 105, 628, 724
  • grievances of, 59, 400–401
• Moro, Aldo, 730, 733, 747
• Morrison, Norman, 591
• Morse, Wayne, 27–33, 84, 130–131
• Moyers, Bill D., 9, 188n, 189, 246, 260n, 420n, 594n, 561, 619n
  • air strikes against DRV, 240, 385
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 206
  • force increases, 33, 419
  • White House advisers meeting, July 22, 218–219
  • White House - Congressional leadership meeting, July 27, 264, 269
  • government information program, 298, 322, 324–325, 596
  • Nkrumah trip to Hanoi, 309–311
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 595, 597–598, 639, 709, 750
  • Republican “White Paper”, 343
• Murrow, Edward R., 294
• Muskie, Edmund S., 635n
• Narasimhan, C.V., 277
• Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 320, 750
• National Council of Churches, 600–601
• National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF). See Communist insurgency.
• National Leadership Council, 13
• National Liberation Front (NLF). See Communist insurgency.
• National Security Council (NSC): meetings:
  • 553d, July 27, 260–263
  • 554th, August 5, 307–309
• Navarre Plan, 19
• Ne Win, 748
• Netherlands, 233
• Neutralization of Vietnam, 326–327, 330
• New Zealand, 750
  • military involvement in Vietnam, 268, 401
  • nationals as casualties of Metropole bombing, 614
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 655, 660
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 112, 739
• Ngo Dinh Can, 374
• Ngo Dinh Diem (see also Diem government), 18, 54, 64n, 80, 315, 330, 343, 345, 369, 625
• Nguyen Bao Tri, Gen., 447
• Nguyen Cao Ky (see also Ky government), 635n
  • broad - based political party, establishment of, 693–694
  • Cabinet post changes by, 423
  • Catholic attitude toward, 8, 24
  • coup against Quat government, 6
  • DRV, negotiations with, 460–461
  • economic situation in Vietnam, 94–96
  • elections, 397
  • force increases, 71–72, 160, 177
  • French - RVN relations, 39
  • government stability, 161–162, 195, 352
  • inflation, 458, 462–463
  • local government, 576
  • McNamara - Lodge mission, July, 153
  • military effectiveness, increase in, 93–94
  • Montagnards, 400–401
  • negotiations, unreadiness for, 470
  • pacification program, 396, 424–427, 462
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 611, 677, 718
  • prisoners of war, 568, 569n
  • rear - guard role for RVN troops, 271
  • refugees, 440
  • resignation of, possible, 374–375
  • revolutionary change, necessity for, 351–352
  • RVN diplomatic representation, lack of, 353
  • RVN invasion of DRV, 190, 308
  • selection as prime minister, 13–14
  • Taylor’s assessment of, 77–78, 308
  • U.S. assessment of, 25–26, 164, 202, 401, 463, 505, 507
  • U.S. contacts with representatives of Communist insurgency, 307, 534, 606, 623
  • U.S. - RVN understandings on expansion of commitment, 237, 247–249, 257–259
  • visits:
    • Malaysia, Oct. 1965, 426
    • Taipei, Bangkok, Aug. 1965, 333
  • withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam, 64
• Nguyen Chanh Thi, Gen., 6, 8, 372–375, 423, 447, 506
• Nguyen Duc Thang, Gen., 447, 509
• Nguyen Huu Co, 164
  • coup threat in RVN, 375
  • force levels, 71–72, 76, 153, 157
  • Ky government, criticism of, 506
  • military planning, 396
  • pacification program, 425, 462
  • RVN armed forces unity, 461
  • U.S. - RVN understandings on expansion of commitment, 257, 259
• Nguyen Khanh, Maj. Gen., 136n, 159, 352, 373–374
• Nguyen Tat Ung, 396, 401, 450, 509
• Nguyen Van Chi, 274
• Nguyen Van Thieu, Gen., 635n
  • Buddhist attitude toward, 26, 332
  • Catholic attitude toward, 8, 756
  • Communist insurgency, political strength of, 448n, 449–450
  • coup against Quat government, 6
  • elections, 195
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 237, 247, 257–259
  • McNamara - Lodge mission, July, 153–154
  • negotiations, unreadiness for, 470
  • political strength of, 34
  • resignation of, possible, 374–375
  • RVN force increases, 94
  • selection as head of state, 13
  • U.S. assessment of, 202, 308
  • U.S. force increases, 71, 160, 163, 177
• Nigeria, 74
• Ninth Congress of Romanian Communist Party, Bucharest, July 19–24, 219–220
• Nitze, Paul H., 210–211
• Nixon, Richard M., 384
• Nkrumah, Kwame, 15, 320
  • visit to Hanoi, 301, 310–311, 312n
• Norodom Sihanouk, Prince, 328, 455, 495, 630, 709, 746, 758
• North Africa, 671, 687
• North Atlantic Council Ministerial meeting, Paris, Dec. 14–16, 644, 686
• North Atlantic Treaty, 56
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 56, 112, 480, 536
• Norway, 230, 495
• Nuclear war, 91
• Nuclear weapons, 183, 204, 455
• Nyerere, Julius, 463–464
• O’Brien, Lawrence, 264
• Okinawa, 230
• Operation Arc Light, 717
• Operation Barrel Roll, 477
• Operation Rolling Thunder. See Air strikes against DRV.
• Operation Steel Tiger, 477
• Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (OXFAM), 495
• Pacification program. See under Vietnam, Republic of.
• Pakistan, 390
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 230–231
  • India, conflict with, 390, 407, 410, 420, 428, 468, 660
• Palmas, Archbishop, 24, 59, 169, 736
  • U.S. contacts with representatives of Communist insurgency, 530–531, 534, 561, 603–604, 622–623, 648, 742, 745–746, 755–756
• Parisot, M., 274
• Park Chung Hee, 693–694
• Pastore, John, 632
• Pathet Lao, 145, 483
  • DRV logistical support of, 144, 281, 342, 504, 685
• Paul VI, Pope, 59, 633, 700, 731, 733–734, 740, 744–747, 749, 754, 756
• Pauling, Linus, 626
• Pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV (see also Air strikes against DRV; Political settlement in Vietnam; U.S. - RVN operations against DRV):
  • advantages of, 601–602, 612–613
  • announcement of, 611–612
  • Australian position, 301
  • British position, 301
  • conditions for, 512, 542, 613–614
  • disadvantages of, 571–572
  • DRV position, 335, 477–478, 482, 525–526, 738
  • ending of, 483–484, 674, 714–716
  • Goldberg proposals, 300–305
  • Hungarian position, 660, 667, 678–679
  • Indian position, 301, 313
  • Japanese position, 301
  • June pause, 21–22, 75
  • length and timing of, 594–595, 600, 611, 709–710, 716, 727
  • notification of RVN officials, 653–654
  • notification of Soviets, 650, 655–656
  • planning for, 608–611, 655
  • Polish position, 636–637, 667, 752–753
  • prerequisite to increased bombing, 528, 544, 594–595, 599
  • private messages regarding, 321
  • pros and cons of, 582–586, 598–600
  • Romanian position, 636–637
  • RVN, effect on, 636
  • RVN position, 586, 610
  • RVN - U.S. coordination for, 478–479
  • safeguards for U.S. interests during, 672–677
  • second pause, scenario for, 475–484, 708
  • Soviet position, 436, 525, 636–637, 660
  • Soviet pressure on DRV during, 661–669
  • Thai position, 747–748
  • types of, 520–524, 544
  • U.N. campaign for, 438–439
  • U.N. resolutions regarding, 483
  • U.S. position, 320–321, 549–550, 555, 728–729
  • U.S. public posture for, 651–652, 657
  • Yugoslav position, 301–302, 313, 660
• Peace initiatives. See Political settlement in Vietnam.
• Pearson, Drew, 130
• Pearson, Lester, 730, 734, 749, 751
• Penkovsky, Oleg, 629
• People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN). See under Vietnam, Democratic Republic of.
• Peter, Janos, 431–436, 438, 474, 625–626, 655, 688–691, 714, 720, 722–726, 742
• Petrovsky (USSR), 52
• Pham Ngoc Thao, 169
• Pham Van Dong, 74, 367, 370, 577–578
  • four - point proposal, 124, 180, 275–276, 314–315, 329–332, 589
• Pham Van Lieu, Lt. Col., 6, 24
• Pham Xuan Chieu, 71, 153
• Phan Huy Quat (see also Quat government), 6, 8, 13, 58, 123, 177, 234, 352
• Phan Khac Suu, 6, 23, 25
• Phan Quang Dong, 374
• Philbin, Philip, 631
• Philippines, 365, 671
  • military involvement in Vietnam, 617
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 655, 660
  • political settlement in Vietnam, consequences of, 110
• Plimpton, Francis T.P., 277, 317
• Poland, 498, 745
  • ICC role of, 705, 754
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 479, 720, 726, 732–733, 737–739
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 326n
• Political settlement in Vietnam (see also Geneva Conference on Peace in Southeast Asia, proposed; Pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV):
  • cease - fire proposals, 12–13, 35, 511–512
  • China, People’s Republic of - DRV differences over, 418, 434
  • DRV position, 559–561, 576–579, 671–672
  • Harriman talks with European leaders, 729–730, 732
  • Hungarian - U.S. talks, 431, 688–691, 714, 722–726, 730–733, 750
  • international conference, proposed, 9–11, 149–151, 316
  • international supervision in, 541
  • negotiations for, 719–720
    • DRV four - point proposal, 124, 180, 275–276, 315–316, 329–332, 416, 427, 454, 475, 502, 589, 705, 707–708, 752
    • French - U.S. talks, 757–760
    • Mai Van Bo meeting with Arkas-Duntov, 274–277
    • Mai Van Bo meetings with Quaker committee, 588–591, 704
    • Papal peace appeal, 744–745
    • participation of Communists in the south, 513
    • risks from, 392–393
    • “Rupert - X” meetings (see also U.S. - DRV contacts below), 312–316, 328–332, 334–337, 367–371
    • RVN unreadiness for, 470–471, 743
    • Soviet - U.S. talks, 74–75
    • Stevenson Look interview on, 572–575, 609
    • suggestions for, 699–702
    • unlikelihood of, 648–650
    • U.S. - DRV contacts (see also Mai Van Bo subheadings above; “Rupert - X” meetings above), 108–109, 119, 384, 572n, 573–574, 581, 588–589, 591, 595, 698, 720–723, 729–730, 736–737, 750
    • U.S. contacts with representatives of Communist insurgency, 119–122, 128, 133, 205, 302, 305–307, 329, 529–532, 534, 561, 603–604, 606, 622–623, 633, 648, 742, 745–746, 755–756
    • U.S. deemphasis of, 415
  • Polish role in, 720, 726, 732–733, 737–738, 751–753, 756–757
  • postponement of peace initiatives, 174n
  • RVN position, 460–461, 469, 561, 730
  • Soviet position, 431, 583
  • Soviet role in, 146, 180
  • U.S. concerns re, 363–365, 471–472, 734–735, 740–742
  • U.S. fourteen points for, 706–707, 719, 737, 753
  • U.S. initiatives to Soviets, 100
  • U.S. initiatives to the United Nations, 100–101
  • U.S. position, 73–75, 707–709
• Political situation in RVN (see also Economic situation in RVN; Ky government; Quat government), 415
  • broad - based political party, establishment of, 692–695
  • CIA efforts to eliminate friction, 381
  • Communist participation in government, 540
  • elections, 9, 148, 711–712, 735
    • Communist victory, possibility of, 195, 308, 325, 422–423, 560–561, 725
    • development of electoral processes, 397
    • U.N. supervision of, 10
    • U.S. withdrawal facilitated by, 21
  • expanded U.S. presence, effect of, 101–104
  • government opposition groups, 24–25
  • lack of effective government, 20
  • military role in, 695
  • Montagnard grievances, 59, 400–401
  • negotiations, unreadiness for, 470–471
  • provincial government, 58–59, 458, 553
  • student demonstrations, Sept., 372, 374–375, 401
  • taxation, 141, 424
  • Thi coup threat, 372–375
  • village leadership, 458–459
  • youth and students, 59
• Popper, David H., 353n, 579n
• Porter, William J., 389, 422, 563, 717, 739
• Pote Sarasin, 748
• Potter, Phil, 343
• Praphat748
• President’s Panel on Foreign Affairs, 137n
• Prime Ministers’ mission:
  • cease - fire in conjunction with, 35
  • China, People’s Republic of, position, 15
  • RVN position, 15
  • Soviet position, 15, 38
  • U.S. position, 11, 15–16
• Prisoners of war (see also Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War, 1949):
  • exchange of, 494, 702
  • of DRV, 438n, 452, 464–467, 493, 496–497, 568, 702
  • of RVN, 68, 71, 423, 452, 462, 492–494, 568, 569n, 702
  • of the Viet Cong, 452, 494
• Psychological warfare, 134n
  • crop destruction, 141–143
  • DRV position, 367–368
  • expanded program of, 205, 382
• Pye, Lucien, 306
• Pyle, Ernie, 220, 296
• Quaison-Sackey, Alex, 309–312, 320
• Quakers. See American Friends Service Committee.
• Quarles. See Ufford, Leopold Quarles van.
• Quat. SeePhan Huy Quat.
• Quat government, 6–8, 13–14, 24, 34
• Raborn, Adm. William F., Jr., 37, 39n, 86n, 188n, 224n, 260n
  • air strikes against missile sites in DRV, 240, 244–245, 253, 255, 385–386
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 116, 604
    • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 189, 192–193, 200–201
    • White House - Congressional leadership meeting, July 27, 264
  • force levels, 419
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 608
  • tear gas, use of, 420
  • U.S. - DRV contacts, 384
• Racial issues, 271, 508, 644
• Radvanyi, Janos, 431, 688–691, 714, 722–727, 731–732
• Ramani, Radhakrishna, 317–318
• Rand Corporation:
  • Defoliation Study, 141–143
  • Motivation and Morale Study, 66–69, 136, 642
• Rapacki, Adam, 737–738, 739n, 740, 755–757
• Read, Benjamin H., 692n, 699n
• Red Cross, International Committee of the (ICRC), 324, 438n, 465, 492–498, 568–569, 702
• Red Cross conference, Geneva, Oct. 1965, 419
• Reddy, Leo, 736
• Reed, John H., 679
• Refugees, 60, 381–382
• Reischauer, Edwin O., 195
• Religious groups in Vietnam, 509
  • Buddhists, 105, 628, 724, 755
    • by government attitude toward, 446, 539
    • military coup, effect on, 7, 154n
    • political activities of, 374
  • Catholics, 105, 628, 724, 755
    • death of Col. Thao, 169
    • Ky government attitude toward, 446, 539
    • military coup, effect on, 7
  • National Consultative Council, formation of, 8, 59
  • political influence of, 81
  • Southern regionalist, alliance with, 24–25
• Republican “White Paper”, 343–344
• Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF):
  • air strikes, effect on morale of, 282
  • Binh Dinh, withdrawals from, 2–3
  • bombing pauses, 676
  • Convention of the Armed forces, 391–392, 423
  • force levels, 82
  • landlords as officers of, 352
  • moratorium on new battalion formation, 1
  • pacification efforts by, 387–388, 389n, 486n
  • rear - guard role for, 271
  • unity of, 461–462
  • U.S. assessment of, 178, 190
  • U.S. military role increase, 88, 126
  • veterans benefits programs, 383, 458
• Resor, Stanley R., 210, 215–216
• Reston, James, 328, 384, 467, 629, 720
• Reuther, Walter, 597
• Revolution for a New Life, 170
• Rhodesia, 667, 687
• Rice, Edward E., 556–559
• Rice:
  • Communist theft of, 463
  • DRV harvests, decline in, 502, 681
  • price of, 401, 451, 460, 508
  • refugees and, 439–440
  • shortages of, 78, 94–95, 129, 392, 424, 448n
  • Thailand, imports from, 333, 424
  • U.S. aid for purchase of reserve supplies, 156, 176–177, 420
• Rifa’i, Abdul Monem, 317–318
• Rio Treaty, 1947, 56
• Rivers, Mendel, 631
• Rodhain, Mons., 745
• Rogers, Warren, 458n
• ROK. See Korea, Republic of.
• Rolling Thunder, Operation. See Air strikes against DRV.
• Rolz - Bennett, Jose, 277
• Romania, 219–220, 273, 466, 498, 636–637
• Roroback, Sgt. Kenneth M., 423n
• Rostow, Walt W., 378–380, 692–698
• Rowan, Carl, 188n, 189, 201, 253, 256, 260n
• Rowen, Henry S., 223–224
• Rupert. SeeMai Van Bo.
• Rusk, Dean, 39n, 62n, 92n, 147n, 188n, 298, 486n, 510n, 514n, 535n, 579n, 581n, 619n, 692n, 721n, 754n
  • air strikes against DRV, 37–38, 367–368, 370, 383–384, 555, 646–647, 696
    • calls for ending of, 431–436, 438, 453–456
    • missile sites as targets, 240–244, 253–256, 385–386
    • selection of targets, 378
  • cease - fire, 649
  • Communist insurgency, 46, 529, 532, 755
  • domino theory, 40–41
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 206, 249, 251, 26–262, 551, 604–605
    • Congressional reaction to, 303–305
    • troop increases, 17, 417, 457
    • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 189–191, 193, 194n, 196, 198–199, 201, 203
    • White House advisers meeting, July 22, 218–220
    • White House - Congressional Leadership meeting, July 27, 24–265, 267–269
  • Korean war, 221
  • McNamara - Lodge mission, 127n, 166–167
  • odds of U.S. victory, 662
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 491, 532–533, 550, 555, 587, 599, 601, 635–636, 650, 655, 750
    • ending of, 714–715
    • length of, 658, 677–679, 716–719, 721–722
    • pros and cons of, 582, 584
    • Soviet pressure on DRV during, 665
  • personal impressions of, 207
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 180, 559–561, 707, 720–721
    • DRV position, 588
    • Harriman talks with European leaders, 729–730, 740, 756
    • Hungarian - U.S. talks, 688–691
    • negotiations for, 469, 474, 529, 532, 576–579, 669–672, 670–672, 699, 722–726, 737–740, 744, 755n
    • Soviet - U.S. talks, 427–428, 624–630
    • U.S. concerns re, 363, 740–742
  • President’s State of the Union speech, 659–660
  • prisoners of war, 452, 492
  • Stevenson Look interview on, 572–575
  • tear gas, use of, 413
  • third - country troops, request for, 686–687
  • U.N. diplomatic moves on Vietnam, 130–132, 271, 338, 667
    • Thant memoranda, 326–327, 353n
  • U.N. Security Council initiatives on Vietnam, 45, 232, 238, 245, 247, 271
  • unification of Vietnam, 276
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 116–118, 561
    • British position, 644
    • Congressional reaction to, 630–631
    • State vs. Defense Department proposals, 571, 586–587, 597–598
  • Vietnam, Republic of:
    • elections in, 367
    • self - determination for, 355
    • U.S. commitment to, nature of, 704–707
  • Vietnam Panel recommendations, 137–138
  • visit to Europe, Dec. 1965, 639, 644
• Rusk, Howard, 382, 420n, 437
• Russell, Richard, 10, 163, 270, 621
• Salan Plan, 19
• Saltonstall, Leverett, 633
• Saragat, Giuseppi, 747
• Sato, Eisaku, 196, 230
• Saudi Arabia, 671
• Schneider, Lewis, 588–591
• Schwartz, Abba, 322, 438n, 492–498
• Scott-Murga, Guillermo, 317
• Seaborn, J. Blair, 573
• Second Special Inter - American Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Nov. 1965, 532n, 533
• Senate, U.S. (see also Congress, U.S.):
  • Defense Subcommittee of the Senate Appropriations Committee, 303n
  • Foreign Relations Committee, 262, 307–308, 750
  • Kennedy Subcommittee of the Judiciary Committee, 441
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 676
  • supplemental appropriation for Vietnam, 264, 266
• Severeid, Eric, 572–574, 582, 609, 658
• Seydoux, Roger, 760
• Sharp, Adm. Ulysses S. Grant, 36n, 41n, 69n, 171
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 235, 591
  • force levels, 1–5, 412, 618
  • McNamara - Lodge mission, July, 190
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 593, 594n, 691–692, 703n, 710, 716, 728–729, 731
• Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 289, 320, 533, 749, 754
• Shelepin, A.N., 731, 743, 750, 753–754
• Shriver, Sargent, 605
• Sieverts, Frank A., 322, 492n
• Sihanouk, Prince. SeeNorodom Sihanouk.
• Sikes, Robert, 631
• Sisco, Joseph J., 233, 239, 338n, 353n, 468, 581, 601n
• Smathers, George A., 264–265
• Smirnovsky, M.N., 52, 147
• Smith, Bromley, 260n, 273, 307n, 317–318, 417, 614–615
• Soglo, Gen. Christophe, 694
• South Asia, 386
• Southeast Asia:
  • China, People’s Republic of, threat to, 357, 359–363
  • economic development programs, 702, 706
  • U.N. role in, 279n
  • U.S. forces stationed in, 366n
  • U.S. policy toward, 208–209, 706
• Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty and Protocol, Sept. 1954, 55, 535, 705
• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 55–56, 209
• Southern Rhodesia, 667, 687
• Souvanna Phouma, 526–527
• Soviet Union:
  • air strikes against DRV, 19, 114, 283–284, 411, 490
  • China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 39, 140, 261, 409–411, 428, 456, 697, 743
    • bombing pauses, effect on, 302, 585, 609, 690, 718
    • border disputes, 629
    • U.S. actions in Vietnam, effect of, 149–151, 660–662
  • DRV participation in negotiations, 22
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 230, 265, 649
  • Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War, 1949, 466
  • ICC role in Cambodia, 709
  • Korean war, 29
  • military budget reductions, 230
  • missile sites as U.S. bombing targets in DRV, 240n, 241–245, 254–256
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 302, 479, 481, 585, 609. 611, 624–628, 674, 678, 690, 715, 718, 726–727
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 74–75, 100, 431, 583, 700–701, 739, 746
  • Red Cross in, 496
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 233
    • Thant memorandum, 326n, 327
  • U.N. Security Council initiatives on Vietnam, 246
  • United States, relations with, 52–54, 134, 222, 435, 671, 691, 759
    • China, People’s Republic of, actions, effect on, 74, 88
    • consular convention, 271
    • DRV actions, effect on, 74
    • Harriman-Kosygin talks, 147–152, 179–180
    • U.S. controls on Soviet diplomats, 629
  • U.S. secret contacts with, 272
  • Vietnam war, entry into, 178, 182, 215, 548, 552
• Sparkman, John, 270, 630
• Special Committee of NATO Defense Ministers, 580n
• Special Intelligence Supplement SIS 1221-65, 680–685
• Special Memorandum No. 18-65, 146
• Special National Intelligence Estimates:
  • SNIE 10-9-65, 224–231
  • SNIE 10-11-65, 390, 403–411, 421, 429
  • SNIE 10-12-65, 696
  • SNIE 13-10-65, 410
• Splitt, Orville, 322
• Springsteen, George S., 328n
• Squire, Christopher A., 688
• Stalin, Joseph, 151–152
• Stennis, John, 162
• Stevenson, Adlai E., 45n, 130–132, 658
  • Korean war, 208, 221
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 278
  • U.S. - DRV talks, 572–575, 620–621
• Stewart, Michael, 299
• Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 52
• Strategic Air Command (SAC), 262
• Sturm, Paul, 316n, 328n, 371n, 504, 722n
• Sudistes (southern regionalists), 7–8, 24–26, 121–122, 447, 506
• Sukarno, 301
• Sukhodrev, V.M., 147
• Sullivan, William, 92, 188
• Suu. SeePhan Khac Suu.
• Sweden, 495
• Switzerland, 495
• Sylvester, Arthur, 153, 322–323
• Symington, Stuart, 631
• Szluka, Endre, 688
• Talbot, Phillips H., 338n
• Tam Chau, 446
• Tanzania, 693
• Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 24n, 52n, 303, 442n, 486n
  • air strikes against DRV, 240n, 421, 444
  • cease - fire requirements, 376–377
  • Communist insurgency, 14–15, 77–78
    • bombing of bases of, 35
    • terrorist attacks, reponse to, 46–49, 51n
    • U.S. contacts with, 128
  • coup against Quat government, 13–14
  • death threats against, 49
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 234–235
    • U.S. - RVN agreements for facilitation of, 236–237, 248, 250, 257–260
  • government information program, 324
  • Ky government, 34, 77–79
  • Lodge appointment as ambassador, 126–127
  • McNamara - Lodge mission, July, 171, 190, 197
    • Ky government, talks with, 153
    • planning for, 130, 134
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 659, 679, 709–710, 715–716, 728–729
  • peace initiatives, 174n
  • replacement as ambassador, 92
  • RVN military effectiveness, increase in, 93–94
  • U.S. - DRV contacts, 128
  • U.S. force increases, 71–72, 76
  • Vietnam, Republic of:
    • economic situation, 94–96
    • goals for 1966 in, 710–713
    • weekly Embassy reports to the President, 13–15, 34–35, 77–79, 129–130, 169–170
• Taylor, Jacquelyn, 33n
• Teach - ins, 282, 297
• Tear gas, 402, 413, 419–420
• Tet, 674, 676, 678, 692, 700, 708
• Thailand (see also Thailand and Thai subheadings under other subjects):
  • Cambodia, relations with, 455, 630
  • Communist control of, 759
  • Laos, military involvement in, 526–527
  • military involvement in Vietnam, 215, 617, 686
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 655, 660
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 110–111, 739
  • U.S. military buildup in, 361, 363, 377
  • U.S. policy in, 358
  • U.S. - Thai military coordination, 184
  • withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam, 65, 194, 211, 213–214, 748
• Thang, Gen., 76–77, 153, 157–160, 462
• Thant, U, 46n
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 301, 321, 479–480, 601, 620, 655
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 731
    • direct appeal for Vietnam negotiations, 277–278, 487, 688
    • Geneva Conference for, 277, 279
    • U.S. initiatives, 101, 251
  • U.N. Security Council actions on Vietnam, 130n, 131–132, 245–247, 317–318
    • British position, 299
  • U.S. - DRV contacts, 572n, 573–574, 721, 723
  • Vietnam memorandum, Aug. 12, 327, 339–340, 353–356, 365
  • visits to Hanoi, 667, 706
• Thi. SeeNguyen Chanh Thi.
• Thien Mien, 24, 26
• Thieu. SeeNguyen Van Thieu, Gen.
• Tho, Gen., 474
• Thompson, Herbert, 589n
• Thompson, Llewellyn E., Jr., 37–39, 116, 260n, 418, 486n, 598n
  • air strikes against DRV, 245, 253–256, 421, 430, 488
  • military strategy, 442–445
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 599, 624, 650, 655, 678, 714–715, 717, 727, 730, 732
  • Vietnam Panel recommendations, 137–138
• Thomson, James C., 73–75
• Tito, Marshal Josef Broz, 10, 261, 289, 309, 320, 687, 720, 731–732, 740, 754, 756n
• Toon, Malcolm, 52
• Tran Quang Thuan, 6
• Tran Quoc Buu, 447
• Tran Van Dang, 48
• Tran Van Do, 6, 96, 153, 635n
  • negotiations, 74, 248, 251, 449, 470, 531, 740, 754
  • U.S. contacts with representatives of Communist insurgency, 606n, 623
  • self - determination for RVN, 355, 423
• Tri Quang:
  • Catholic attitude toward, 24
  • Ky government, 26, 154n, 332–333, 446
  • military coups, 7, 374–375, 506
• Truman, Harry S, 29, 221, 596
• Truong Tai Ton, 153–157
• Tubby, Roger W., 704
• Tunisia, 693
• Turkey, 214, 686
• Ufford, Leopold Quarles van, 317–318
• Unger, Leonard, 62n, 121n, 123n, 188n, 247n, 249n, 442n, 492n
  • air strikes against DRV, 430
  • McNamara - Lodge mission, 153, 163–166
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 304, 491
  • U.S. - DRV contacts, 588–589, 591
  • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 189, 195–197, 204
• Ung. See Nguyen Tat Ung.
• Unification of Vietnam:
  • Communist insurgency position, 275
  • DRV position, 274–276, 315, 335, 588
  • RVN position, 258, 260, 370
  • U.S. position, 124, 252, 329, 365, 540–542, 689, 706, 759
• Unified Buddhist Association (UBA), 24, 26, 446
• United Kingdom (see also British subheadings under other subjects):
  • China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 455, 559
  • DRV, trade with, 213
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 230
  • ICC role in Cambodia, 709
  • Malaysian - Indonesian confrontation, 194, 209
  • military involvement in Vietnam, 208–209, 644–645
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 479, 655, 660
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 101, 629, 733, 739
  • Red Cross role in Vietnam, 495–496
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 233, 326n
  • U.S. interests in DRV, representative for, 466
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam, 11–13, 22, 140
• United Nations (see also United Nations and U.N. subheadings under other subjects; United Nations Charter; United Nations General Assembly; United Nations Security Council):
  • Communist insurgency, inclusion in international talks, 140
  • diplomatic actions on Vietnam:
    • Nationalist Chinese position, 31
    • DRV opposition to, 29
    • French position, 31
    • Morse memorandum, 27–32, 44, 130–131
    • Soviet position, 31, 130–131
    • Thant memorandum, 326–327
    • U.S. initiatives, 100–101
    • U.S. position, 251, 388, 415
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 701
  • international programs of, 669–670
  • Papal visit to, 744, 746
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 666
  • U.N. peace force for Vietnam, 130
  • Vietnam elections supervised by, 10
• United Nations Charter, 28
  • Article 1, 340, 438
  • Article 19, 271
  • Article 33, 29
  • Article 34, 29–30, 32
  • Article 35, 30–32
  • Article 37, 30–32
  • Article 51, 31, 55
  • Article 99, 30
• United Nations General Assembly, 416, 468–469, 573, 625, 671, 760
• United Nations Security Council:
  • Gulf of Tonkin incident, 705
  • ICC role in Cambodia, 709
  • role of, 29–30
  • British position, 299
    • DRV position, 315
    • French position, 278
    • Soviet position, 278, 299
  • U.S. air attacks on DRV, 671
  • U.S. initiatives on Vietnam, 45n, 130–132, 231–232, 245–247
    • postponement of, 238–239
    • RVN position, 257–258
• Uruguay, 233
• U.S. information program, 294–298, 322–325, 596
• U.S. Liaison Committee to the Vietnamese Agency for Pacification, 424–426
• Usachev (USSR), 474
• U.S. military involvement in Vietnam (see also Expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam; Military Assistance Command, U.S. (MACV)):
  • Afro - Asian bloc position, 139–140
  • assumption of dominant fighting role, 498–499
  • billion - dollar appropriation proposal for, 165
  • burning of villages, 322–325
  • casualty levels, 178–179, 191, 196, 212–213, 487, 528, 552, 594, 619
  • China, People’s Republic of, response to, possible, 102
  • command issues in joint RVN - U.S. operations, 72
  • crop destruction missions, 141–143
  • deployment of Marines to Danang, 234
  • enclaves, holding of, 221–222
  • expansion of U.S. armed forces for, 175, 177, 178, 198
  • force levels in RVN, 138, 457, 522–525, 546–547, 555–556
    • Eisenhower recommendations for, 325
    • RVN position, 71–72 tactical air forces increase, 186
    • U.S. Embassy, Saigon, recommendations, 134–136
    • U.S. mobilization for increase of, 77
    • 44-battalion plan, 160, 186, 197
    • 63-battalion plan, 166–168
    • 70, 000 troops, 82
    • 75, 000 troops, 174
    • 85,000 troops, 113–115
    • 100,000 troops, 12, 17, 271
    • 175,000 troops, 70, 174, 192, 198, 250
    • 200,000 troops, 90–91, 160, 384–385
    • 210, 000 troops, 411–412, 419, 516
    • 275,000 troops, 204, 211
    • 285, 000 troops, 366
    • 325,000 troops, 486
    • 400,000 troops, 593, 617, 663
    • 500,000 troops, 214
  • Goodpaster study, 181–187
  • history of, 233–236
  • increased U.S. combat role, 36, 98–100, 129
    • China, People’s Republic of, response to, possible, 102
    • DRV response to, possible, 102–104
    • effect on ARVN, 126
    • MACV plan for, 163–164
    • RVN position, 163–164
    • Soviet response to, possible, 102
  • legal basis for sending forces to Vietnam, 33, 54–56
  • long - term conflict, 194, 196
  • morale of U.S. forces, 198
  • national state of emergency, declaration of, 137, 223
  • options for, possible, 19–21
  • planning for, 40–41, 175–176, 356–363, 514–516
  • prisoners of war, 494
  • racial issues, 271, 508, 644
  • Republican Party position, 22, 85, 222
  • Reserve and National Guard troops, call - up of, 137, 167, 168, 175, 218, 223–224, 263n, 596
  • RVN position, 177–178
  • self - assessment of U.S. role in, 208
  • settlement v. outcome, 363–365, 471–472, 518–520
  • tear gas, use of, 402, 413
  • third - country troops, requests for, 204, 208, 686–687
  • Thompson’s paper on strategy, 442–445
  • troop deployment, 2–5, 711
  • 21 - point program of small actions, 234
  • U.S. combat role restrictions, 108
  • U.S. military defeat, likelyhood of, 106–108
  • U.S. numerical superiority, requirements for, 262
  • uses for additional troops, 394–395
  • Vietnamese public opinion on, 125
  • Western European position, 195
  • withdrawal of forces, 56–57, 62–66, 541, 543
    • DRV position, 275, 367
    • world opinion regarding, 210–211
  • zonal bombing against Communist targets, 35, 135
• U.S. policy in Vietnam (see also Expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam; U.S. public opinion on Vietnam), 218–219
  • assurance of victory, assessment of, 181–187
  • British position, 644–645
  • CIA position, 86–91
  • comparison of alternatives, 486–491
  • Congressional reaction to, 630–637
  • decision - making procedures, 491–492
  • discussion of draft proposals, 115–119
  • Johnson (U. Alexis) courses of action memoranum, 535–554
  • Lodge vs. Goldberg split, 467–473, 533, 562
  • 1967 U.S. budget for, 618, 632, 741
  • planning of, 92 r, 356–363, 377–378, 396–398, 561–562
  • Republican “White Paper” on, 343–344
  • security leaks, 398–399
  • State vs. Defense Department proposals, 554–556, 571–572, 586–587, 597–598
  • Thompson’s paper on strategy, 442–445
  • victory and defeat, 105, 140, 172, 181–187, 216–217
• U.S. public opinion on Vietnam, 102, 152, 190, 338, 718, 735
  • anti - war demonstrations, 437, 626–627, 629
  • bombing pauses, 488–489
  • hardline opposition, 22, 85, 302, 600
  • peace - oriented opposition, 83–84, 282, 600
  • U.S. image abroad, 282
• U.S. - RVN operations against DRV (see also Air strikes against DRV; Pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV):
  • barrier along 17th parallel, creation of, 39–40, 136
  • cease - fires:
    • Christmas truce, 595, 625–626, 637–638, 639–640, 646, 649–650, 668, 674, 677, 690, 723, 725, 735, 747
    • U.S. requirements for, 376–377, 541
  • economic losses from, 500–501
  • escalation, consequences of, 19, 187
  • escalation of action in, 36, 182–187
  • invasion of DRV, 176, 190, 198:
  • Metropole bombing, retaliation for, 615
  • mining of harbors, 88, 91, 99
  • propaganda leafletting, 46, 48
  • Romanian position, 453–456
  • shooting down of U.S. aircraft, 240–241
  • Thai position, 282
  • U.S. ground action, 712
  • U.S. reconnaissance flights, 376–377, 672–673
• Valenti, Jack, 92, 167, 188n, 260n, 262n, 263n, 338n
  • air strikes against DRV, missile sites as targets, 240, 253, 256
  • DRV conditions for negotiation, 576
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam:
    • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 189, 197n
    • White House advisers meeting, July 22, 218
    • White House - Congressional leadership meeting, July 27, 264
    • White House - JCS meeting, July 22, 209n
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 587, 658, 677
  • U.N. Security Council initiatives, 238
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 644–645
• Vance, Cyrus R., 37, 39n, 188n, 529n, 535n, 597n, 598n, 717n
  • air strikes against DRV, 389n
  • diplomatic moves on Vietnam, 468
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 604
    • cost of, 207
    • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 189
    • White House advisers meeting, July 22, 218
    • White House - JCS meeting, July 22, 209
  • force increases, 162–163, 166–167
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 599, 639, 716
• Vandenberg, Arthur S. , 294
• Vatican City, 742
• Vaughn, Jack H., 39n, 338n
• Velasquez, Carlos Maria, 317–318
• Versace, Capt. Humbert R., 423n
• Viet Cong. See Communist insurgency.
• Viet Minh, 3, 18, 67, 80, 82
• Vietnam. See Neutralization of Vietnam;
  • Unification of Vietnam.
• Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (DRV) (see also Air strikes against DRV; Communist insurgency; Pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV; Political settlement in Vietnam; U.S. -RVN operations against DRV; DRV subheadings under other subjects):
  • airdrop of U.S. pamphlets, 273
  • anti - U.S. propaganda, 18
  • arrot - and - stick approach to, 217
  • China, People’s Republic of, military aid to, 227–228
  • China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 114
  • Chinese volunteers in, 102, 211, 348, 681
  • Communist insurgency, relations with, 148–149, 599, 718, 736
  • economic situation, 500–502
  • execution of Americans by, 474
  • foreign trade with, limiting of, 268
  • four - point proposal, 124, 180, 275–276, 314–315, 329–332, 427, 454
  • infiltration of, effect of air strikes on, 144–145
  • intelligence collection in, 193, 202, 216
  • Japan, trade with, 213
  • Korea, Democratic People’s Republic, military aid to, 227
  • land reform, 67
  • military capabilities of, 503–504
  • military involvement in RVN, 3, 250, 340, 368, 675
    • cessation of, 519, 540, 543, 701
    • force levels, 201, 227, 592, 616, 642
    • logistics for, 281–282, 616, 685
  • Nkrumah trip to Hanoi, 301, 309–311, 320
  • People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN) force levels, 82
  • prisoners of war, 438n, 452, 464–467, 493, 496–497, 568, 702
  • Quaker aid offer to, 704
  • Red Cross donations to, 495
  • RVN, relations with, 136, 392
  • Southeast Asian economic development programs, 702, 706
  • southern self - determination, call for, 275–276
  • Soviet military aid to, 102, 146, 227–228, 345, 681
  • Soviet volunteers in, 211
  • strategy in RVN, CIA estimate of, 103–104
  • United Kingdom, trade with, 213
  • U.N. membership for, 277–278, 279
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 326n, 327, 471
    • Thant memorandum, 356n
  • U.S. - Chinese air battles over, 228, 229n
  • U.S. contacts with, 108–109, 119, 123–124, 128, 133, 274–275, 302, 588–591, 595, 698, 704, 721–722, 729–730, 736–737, 750
    • “Rupert - X” (XYZ) talks, 312–316, 319, 328–332, 334–337, 367–371, 384, 504
  • U.S. peace proposals, 74, 697–698
  • withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam, 65
• Vietnam, Republic of (see also Communist insurgency; Counterinsurgency operations; Economic situation in RVN; Expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam; Ky government; Political situation in RVN; Quat government; Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF); U.S. military involvement in Vietnam; U.S. - RVN operations against DRV; RVN subheadings under other subjects):
  • U.S. economic aid, 141
    • agriculture, 102, 382
    • boat - building, 101–102
    • emergency action teams, 60
    • food for villagers, 325–326
    • industrial development, 382
    • levels of, 155–156
    • low - cost housing, 61
    • medical facilities, 382
    • port and harbor facilities, 60–61
    • rural electrification, 61
    • RVN position, 154–157
  • U.S. military aid (see also Military Assistance Command, Vietnam):
    • airfield construction, 70, 135
    • Military Assistance Program (MAP), 135
    • police training, 484
    • Popular Forces, improvement of, 58–59
    • RVN position, 157–158
  • Cambodia, relations with, 455, 630
  • civilian casualties in, 216, 381
  • civilian security needs, 2, 526
  • Communist prisoners of war:
    • execution of, 423
    • repatriation of, 702
    • treatment of, 68, 71, 452, 462, 492–494
  • Constitutional Charter of June, 375
  • diplomatic representation abroad, lack of, 96, 164, 295, 353, 383
  • DRV, relations with, 136, 173
  • DRV military involvement in, 3, 250, 340, 368, 675
    • cessation of, 519, 540, 543, 701
    • force levels, 201, 227, 592, 616, 642
    • infiltation, increase in rate, 193, 345, 347–348, 408–409
    • infiltration, effect of air strikes on, 144–145
    • logistics for, 281–282, 616, 685
  • France, relations with, 14n, 38–39, 77
  • French and U.S. roles, similarity of, 79–85
  • government contacts with Communist insurgency, 136
  • government information programs, 61, 295–296, 382–383
  • intelligence collection in, 338
  • internal security in, 57–58
  • international assistance to, 701–702
  • international military observers in, 701
  • labor movement, 60, 447, 463, 576
  • land reform, 60, 382, 388, 576
  • local government, 576
  • local support for Communists, 106–107
  • media in, 72, 95–96, 295, 323–325, 392, 509
  • medical care in, 510
  • military deserters, 149, 173, 190
  • military draft, 173
  • morale, civilian, 96–97, 282, 424, 538, 548
  • neutralist government, prospect for, 179n, 541
  • non - military programs:
    • planning for, 204–205, 289–290, 484–485, 607
    • status of, 380–383, 575–576, 619–620
  • pacification program, 164
    • definition of pacification, 518
    • planning for, 160, 170, 292, 395–396, 421–424, 509, 576
    • RVN troops used for, 387, 486n
    • success of, 511
    • U.S. support of, 176, 387–388, 389n
    • U.S. troop participation in, 393–394
    • village leadership, 459
    • weakness of, 173
  • police, activities of, 394–395
  • Red Cross donations to, 495
  • Red Cross (RVN), 497
  • refugee programs, 60, 391, 439–442, 485
  • rural reconstruction, 576
  • self - determination for, 355
  • shipping, 463
  • taxation:
    • customs duties, 424
    • elimination of, 141
  • transportation, 78
  • U.N. membership for, 277–279
  • U.N. role in Vietnam, 326n
  • U.N. Security Council initiatives on, effect of, 246
  • U.S. commitment to, nature of, 704–707
  • U.S. goals for 1966 in, 710–713
  • U.S. popularity in, 508
  • U.S. contacts with representatives of Communist insurgency, reaction to, 120–122
  • U.S. veto power over RVN actions, 176, 193
  • weekly Saigon Embassy reports to the President, 13–15, 34–35, 77–79, 129–130, 169–170, 332–333, 393–393, 399–401, 421–424, 448–451, 458–460, 508–510, 569–571, 641–643
• Vietnam Panel meeting, July 1965, 137–141
• Vietnam Task force, 204
• Vietnamese Workers Confederation (CTV), 60
• Vo Nguyen Giap, 267, 290
• Vo Van Sung, 722n
• Vu Huu Binh, 721, 730, 733, 736–737, 739, 745
• Walker, Patrick Gordon, 706
• Walters, Gen., 687
• Warnke, Paul C., 707n
• Watson, Marvin, 167, 417
• Webb, James, 647
• Westmoreland, Gen. William C., 621, 647, 728n
  • air strikes against DRV, 212, 387
  • Christmas truce, 640, 691–692
  • Communist insurgency:
    • capabilities and objectives of, 344, 563
    • force levels, 592
    • small - scale actions by, 398, 450
  • conflict escalation, 36, 41–43, 69
  • counterinsurgency operations, U.S. troop commitment for, 12, 78
  • DRV force levels, 616
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 235, 264–269, 580, 591, 607
    • recommendations for 1966, 582, 594–597
    • uses for additional forces, 394–396, 414–415
  • McNamara - Lodge mission, July, 134, 153, 160, 171, 190, 197
  • military planning, 14, 396–397
  • pauses in bombing of DRV, 710, 731
    • ending of, 702–703, 716
    • safeguards for U.S. interests during, 672–675
  • U.S. combat role restrictions, 108
  • U.S. force requirements for Vietnam, 1–5, 98, 262, 291–292, 385, 618
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • combat role for U.S. troops, 129
    • force increases, 71–72, 75–77, 211, 214, 250, 412
    • tear gas, use of, 402, 413, 419–420
• Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 39n, 97n, 188n, 646, 728n
  • air strikes against DRV, 389, 398, 593
    • assessment of, 143–146
    • missile sites as targets, 240–244, 253–254, 256, 257n
  • Christmas truce, 691–692
  • Communist terrorist attacks, 50
  • expansion of U.S. commitment in Vietnam, 36, 41, 69–70, 235, 265, 591, 593, 596, 604–605
    • force increases, 17, 412
    • White House advisers meeting, July 21, 189–190, 192–193, 198–202, 204
    • White House advisers meeting, July 22, 218
    • White House - Congressional Leadership meeting, July 27, 264
    • White House - JCS meeting, July 22, 209, 211–212, 216–217
  • McNamara - Lodge mission, July, 153, 171, 197
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 304, 594n, 604–605, 608, 658, 664, 672–677, 679, 731
  • personal impressions of, 208
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 260, 262, 398
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 116
    • Goodpaster study, 182
  • Vietnam, Republic of, 399
• White, Gilbert F., 589–590
• Whiting, Alan, 274, 598n, 601n
• Wierna (Poland), 737–738
• Williams, G. Mennen, 338n
• Wilson, Harold, 9, 11–12, 455, 580, 733n, 734
  • air strikes against DRV, 243
  • pauses in U.S. bombing of DRV, 667, 720, 730, 749, 751
  • Prime Ministers’ mission, 15, 38, 40
  • visit to Washington, Dec. 1965, 583, 644–645, 651
• Winiewicz, Josef, 737–738
• Wood, Duncan, 589n, 704
• Wright, Oliver, 12
• X. See Gullion, Edmund S.
• Y. SeeSturm, Paul.
• Yarmolinsky, Adam, 188
• Yost, Charles W., 277, 299, 317, 572n, 581n, 757
• Yugoslavia, 271, 273, 480, 671, 687, 720
• Zinchuk, Alexander, 671
• Zorthian, Barry, 72, 153, 197, 308–309, 322, 324–325
• Zuckert, Eugene M., 210, 213