Index

Note: In this index, the Republic of Vietnam is listed as Vietnam (RVN) or RVN; the Democratic People’s Republic of Vietnam is listed as Vietnam (DRV) or DRV.

• Agency for International Development (AID), 260, 261, 382, 387
  • director for Vietnam, 198, 201
• Agricultural situation in Vietnam, 52, 501–502
• Aiken, George, 617, 619, 621
• Air Force, RVN, aircraft upgrades for, 163, 203–204, 311, 319, 329, 501, 739
• Akalovsky, Alexander, 990
• Alliance for Progress, 812
• Alphand, Herve, 107, 132, 195, 196, 239
  • international conference on Vietnam, proposed, 556–557
  • Laos, regional settlement and, 557
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 533–534, 536
  • Southeast Asia, French policy toward, 533–537, 554–557
  • strategic importance of Vietnam, 535–536
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 534
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 555
• Ambassador to Saigon, selection of, 201, 213, 242, 496
  • McG. Bundy’s recommendations, 472–473
  • Lodge’s recommendations, 279–280, 476–477
  • Lodge’s resignation, 521–522
  • Taylor-Johnson team, appointment of, 523–524, 530–531
• Amnesty (Chieu Hoi) program, 20–21, 52
• Anderson, Robert B., 469n
• Anthis, Brig. Gen. Rollen H., 84n , 99n , 174
• Anti-American sentiment in Vietnam, 746, 804, 809
• Armstrong, Willis C., 68n
• Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). See Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces.
• Asbjornson, Mildred, 57n
• Australia, 331, 839, 971, 979, 980
• Ayub Khan, Mohammed, 577, 643, 644
• Ball, George W., 15n , 43n , 93, 242, 305n , 397, 398, 569n , 662, 698n , 914n , 1052n
  • civilian government of Vietnam:
    • Buddhist opposition, 995–997
    • minority groups, relations with, 1000
  • congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy, 350, 356–358
  • communist infiltration evidence, release of, 1012–1014
  • De Gaulle, meeting with, 402, 464–470
    • preparations for, 441, 445, 449–450
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 610n , 641, 651n
    • Maddox, attack on (Aug. 2), 590, 602n
    • Morton and Edwards, possible attack on (Sept. 18), 780
  • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 634
  • international conference on Vietnam, proposed, 469
  • Khanh coup, 42
  • Khanh government, 435n , 764
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 400
  • NSC Working Group on Vietnam, 812, 912, 938n , 943, 958
  • U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 1012–1014
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against:
    • Bien Hoa attack, proposed retaliation for, 875n , 881n
    • communist insurgency, impact on, 403
    • Johnson’s doubts about, 400–401
    • naval operations, 780
    • U.N. response, 404
    • U.S. consultations with allies re, 979–981
    • U.S. protection of RVN against reprisal, 403–404
    • Vietnam (RVN), impact on, 402–403
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts, 351, 543–544, 651n
  • war game on Vietnam, 404
• Beaumarchais, Jacques de, 234
• Beech, Keyes, 129
• Belgium, 647
• Belk, Samuel E., 330n
• Bell, David E., 25, 79, 130, 133n , 163, 198, 201, 224, 260, 269, 273, 322n , 330, 337n , 474, 523
• Berry, Lt. Col. Sidney, Jr., 313
• Bien Hoa airfield attack, U.S. retaliation for, 873–882, 885–886
• Binh, Archbishop, 321, 415
• Binh Long, fighting at, 549–550
• Bligh, Sir Timothy, 69
• Blouin, Rear Adm. F.J., 51n , 53n , 202–206, 337n , 602n
• Board of National Estimates, 484–487
• Bohannan, Charles T.R., 477n
• Bohlen, Charles E., 104, 128, 464, 470
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 107, 132–133, 140–141
    • De Gaulle’s clarification of French policy, 186–189, 191–195, 216–219, 220–221
• Bolton, Frances P., 331, 618
• Breckon, M. Lyall, 709n
• Brent, Joseph L., 163, 313
• Brink Hotel bombing, 1038, 1043, 1049
• Brubeck, William H., 25
• Bruce, David K.E., 69, 981
• Brunn, Robert, 581
• Buddhist-Catholic conflict, 315–316, 321, 324, 325, 347, 386, 413, 415–416, 540–541, 658
• Buddhist opposition. See under Civilian government of Vietnam; Khanh government.
• Bunche, Ralph, 643
• Bundy, McGeorge, 1n , 4, 5n , 16n , 22n , 49n , 59, 64, 84n , 96, 107n , 130, 132n , 171, 172–173, 174, 189n , 213, 214n , 232n , 242, 271, 291, 305n , 327n , 330n , 349–351, 385, 393n , 396n , 397, 450n , 500, 520n , 569n , 571n , 576n , 583n , 662, 721n , 787n , 811–812, 995n , 1012n , 1060n
  • ambassador to Saigon, selection of, 496
    • recommendations re, 472–473
    • Taylor-Johnson team, appointment of, 530–531
  • anti-American sentiment in Vietnam, 804n
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • nuclear capability, 679
    • U.S. contacts with, 644, 645
  • civilian government of Vietnam, 815n , 993
  • communist insurgency, 297n
  • congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy:
    • early resolution, decision against, 490, 491, 492
    • opposing arguments, 495–496
    • supporting arguments, 493–495, 496
    • timing of presentation to Congress, 377, 512
    • U.S. firmness, demonstration of, 511–512
  • counterinsurgency operations:
    • conventional tactics issue, 197–198
    • covert checking of reporting on, 7–8
    • psywar-civic action program in provinces, 997n
  • Geneva Accords, 645
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 651n
    • Maddox, attack on (Aug. 2), 602
    • Maddox and C. Turner Joy, attack on (Aug. 4), 604
    • Morton and Edwards, possible attack on (Sept. 18), 778–781
    • retaliations for attacks, 607, 608, 632
    • U.S. public statements on, 631
    • Vietnamese (DRV) intentions in attacking U.S. ships, 631
  • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution:
    • administration discussions re, 632
    • hearings on, 634
  • Hilsman’s parting memoranda, 175–176
  • Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 440–441
  • international conference on Vietnam, proposed, 676
  • Johnson’s television appearance re Vietnam, 146, 148–150
  • Khanh government, coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 766n
  • Khanh’s political skills, 830
  • Laos:
    • conference on, proposed, 507–511, 674–675, 678–679
    • military situation, 674
    • settlement in, possible, 370
    • U.S. policy toward, 497, 508–511, 675
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into:
    • airstrikes, 508, 677
    • ground operations, 677
    • guidelines for, 215
    • U.S. firmness, demonstrations of, 510–511
  • Lodge-Harkins relationship, 298n
  • MACV command change, 199
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (March 1964), 145, 151–152
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 322n
  • National Security Action Memorandum 314:
    • administration review of, 751, 753
    • courses of action report, 746–747
    • text of, 758–760
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 14, 191n , 193n
  • NSC Working Group on Vietnam, 812, 813, 887, 938n
    • meetings, 943, 958, 964
    • negotiations option, omission of, 915
  • Rusk-Khanh meeting, 405n
  • Rusk mission (April 1964):
    • Lodge, meeting with, 241–242
    • preparations for, 230–231
  • Southeast Asia, U.S.-U.K. consultation re, 70
  • Sullivan Committee, 80n
  • Taylor-Johnson reports, quality of, 552–553
  • Taylor-Khanh relationship, 805
  • Taylor’s conflict with generals, 1036n , 1037n , 1044n
  • Taylor’s visits to Washington, 746n , 749, 965
  • Thailand, U.S. military deployments in, 176, 511
  • third country assistance for Vietnam:
    • U.K. contribution, 981–982
    • U.S. promotion of, 526
  • U.S. dependents in Vietnam, 677
  • U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 441
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 290
    • force increase to 22,000, 547n , 558
    • ground forces, 723–724
    • marines to guard installations, 723
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam:
    • administration meetings with congressional leaders, 390
    • checklist of progress, 489
    • courses of action report, 672–679
    • “domino effect” issue, 484n
    • funds and personnel for, 262, 272n
    • manager in Washington for, 61
    • Mansfield’s policy suggestions, 2n , 89, 14–15, 67, 1009n , 1010–1012
    • official visits to Vietnam, 67
    • options available without congressional resolution, 516n
    • U.S. veterans of Vietnam, use of, 1040
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 27n , 34n , 60
    • Bien Hoa attack, proposed retaliation for, 875n , 876n , 881n
    • covert operations, 4–5, 372, 646, 676
    • economic initiatives, 270n
    • military options, 676–678
    • naval operations, 677, 796–797
    • nuclear weapons issue, 679–680
    • political moves in support of military actions, 206
    • retaliation for attacks on U.S. personnel, 875n , 876n , 881n , 1051–1052
    • scenarios for, 374–377
    • target selection, 371
    • tit-for-tat military actions, 677
    • U.N. actions by U.S. re, 376
    • U.S. consultations with allies, 394n , 396
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts, 253, 281n , 508, 651n
  • war footing for Vietnam, 287n , 289, 291n
  • war game on Vietnam, 198–199
• Bundy, William P., 22n , 89n , 97n , 99n , 120n , 176n , 235–236, 248, 250–251, 268, 305n , 327n , 474, 532n , 533n , 558n , 561n , 562n , 569n , 571n , 587n , 662, 673n , 709n , 721n , 782n , 830n , 895n , 909n , 948n , 995n , 1012n , 1013n , 1052n
  • civilian government of Vietnam, 815n
    • “Young Turks” coup attempt, 1018, 1023n , 1025n , 1028n , 1035n
  • congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy:
    • draft resolutions, 490
    • supporting arguments, 515–516
  • coordination of Vietnam programs, 173
  • counterinsurgency operations, 126n , 442, 443
  • Far Eastern Affairs post, appointment to, 106
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 610n , 614n , 651n
  • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 634
  • Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 422, 428
    • summary of, 442–446
  • Khanh government:
    • Buddhist opposition, 700n
    • coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 764, 766n
    • reorganization program, 670n , 707
  • Laos:
    • settlement in, possible, 370, 446
    • U.S.-RVN incursions into, 574n
  • Lodge-Harkins relationship, 298n
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (March 1964), 133n , 153n
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 322n
  • media coverage of Vietnam, 259, 443–444
  • National Security Action Memorandum, 314, 747n , 754
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 195n , 229
  • NSC Working Group on Vietnam, 812, 886, 887
    • basic issues between options, 938–939
    • “continue present policies” option, 940–941
    • “Courses of Action” paper, 916n
    • “fast, unyielding pressure” option, 941
    • immediate actions, 940, 964
    • meetings, 943, 958
    • negotiations option, omission of, 915
    • policy options paper, 813
    • progress reports on deliberations, 915
    • “progressive pressure and talk” option, 941–942
    • Project Outline, 888
  • Rusk-Khanh meetings, 244, 405n
  • Rusk mission (April 1964), 230, 231, 244
  • Rusk-Quat meeting, 237–238
  • Taylor’s conflict with Generals, 1036n , 1044n
  • Taylor’s visits to Washington, 746n , 749, 965
  • third country assistance for Vietnam, 980
  • U.S. commitment to Vietnam, 488
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against:
    • Bien Hoa attack, proposed retaliation for, 875n , 876n , 878n , 881n
    • contingency planning, 225–229
    • covert operations, 342
    • cross-border operations and, 226–227
    • military timing factors, 444
    • political moves in support of military actions, 206, 225–226
    • public awareness issue, 343
    • reaction fumes for operations, 227
    • target selection, 342
    • tit-for-tat military actions, 227
    • U.S. consultations with allies, 445, 979–981
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 228
    • warnings of attacks, 343
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts, 335, 351, 651n , 978n
  • war footing for Vietnam, 284, 287–288
• Burchette, Wilfred, 353
• Burchinal, Lt. Gen. David A., 343, 605, 608, 609
• Burma, 124, 485, 643–644
• Butler, R.A., 68, 69, 108
• Buu. See Tran Quoc Buu .
• Byroade, Henry A., 78
• Caccia, Sir Harold, 68
• Cam Ranh Bay naval base, 283–284, 290–291, 297, 305, 312, 503
• Cambodia, 14–15, 124
  • Communist infiltration through, 154–155
  • Communist victory in Vietnam, consequences of, 918
  • Communists, dealings with, 246
  • “domino effect” and, 485
  • Khanh government, negotiations with, 170, 171
  • neutral solution for, 69, 70, 94
  • U.N. border patrol, possible, 330
  • U.S.-RVN incursions into, 151, 214, 330
    • Chantrea incident, 213–214n
    • JCS positron, 110–111, 150
    • Khanh’s positron, 246
    • Mansfield’s position, 1011
    • McCone’s position, 126
    • Taylor’s position, 884
    • U.S. authorization for, 168–169, 204–205
    • U.S. operations against DRV and, 226–227
  • war footing for Vietnam and, 285, 292, 302
• Can. See Ngo Dinh Can .
• Canada (see also Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts), 675, 972
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 581
  • U.S. operations against DRV, 394–396
• Cang, Adm., 1015, 1048n , 1053, 1055, 1056
• Cao Dai party, 17n , 52, 1004–1005
• Cao Hoai Sang, 1005
• Carroll, Lt. Gen. Joseph F., 71n , 84n , 706n
• Carter, Lt. Gen. Marshall S., 397, 474, 779
• Castro, Fidel, 74
• Cater, S. Douglass, 350, 524–525, 631–632
• Catholics (see also Buddhist-Catholic conflict), 414, 825
• Central Intelligence Agency, U.S. (CIA) (see also McCone, John A.), 727n
  • civilian government of Vietnam, 995
  • counterinsurgency operations:
    • assessment of, 65–66, 84–86
    • covert checking of reporting on, 5–6, 7–8
  • Khanh government, 706, 801n
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 585–587
  • Saigon station chief, appointment of, 34
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 34
    • covert operations, 4–5
    • positive inducements for DRV, 446–447
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 31n
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 585–587
• Chadbourn, Philip H., 422, 426, 433
• Chen Yi, 556
• Chiang Kai-shek, 247n , 252, 258, 410, 486, 557, 667
• Chieu Hoi (Amnesty) program, 20–21, 52
• China, People’s Republic of:
  • Chinese Nationalist invasion, possible, 258
  • communist insurgency, support for, 409
  • communist movements abroad, assistance for, 644
  • conflict with U.S., attitude toward, 252
  • “domino effect” and, 486–487
  • free world operations against, Khanh’s plan for, 667
  • French policy toward, 49, 468, 534
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 633
  • influence in Southeast Asia, 10
  • international conference on Vietnam, proposed, 573
  • military capabilities, 112–113
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 32n , 49–50, 234–235
  • nuclear capability, 679
  • U.N. admission issue, 15, 16, 32n
  • U.S. contacts with, 535, 537, 577, 644, 645
    • Mansfield’s suggestion for, 1012
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, position on, 537, 555–556, 557
  • Vietnam (DRV), relations with, 64, 81–82, 157n
• China, Republic of, 247n , 258
  • “domino effect” and, 485
  • invasion of the mainland, possible, 258
  • troops for Vietnam, proposed, 126, 167n , 169, 247, 252
• Chinese minority in Vietnam, 1005–1006
• Civil Guard:
  • army status for, 144
  • force increases, 319, 320, 324
  • period of service, 143
  • reconstitution of, 162
  • recruiting for, 420
• Civilian government of Vietnam, 810
  • alternatives to, 952
  • Buddhist opposition, 890, 891, 936, 994–995, 999, 1032
    • U.S. program of reconciliation, 995–997, 1000–1003
  • Catholics’ support for, 825
  • charter for, 842–843, 844
  • civil servants and, 1004
  • formation of (see also High National Council), 803, 818
    • Khanh-Minh conflict re, 834–836, 840–841
    • Khanh’s views on, 729–732, 827–830, 833–834, 836–838, 841–842, 843–845
    • Minh’s views on, 832–833, 837–838, 842–843
    • U.S. policy re, 815–818, 845–846, 858
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 818–819, 822–830, 832–834, 836–838, 841–846
  • Huong’s assessment of, 890–892
  • installation of, 858–859
  • Khanh’s pledge of support, 859
  • Khanh’s plotting against, 908, 911, 1008
  • life expectancy, 945–946
  • military, relations with (see also “Young Turks” coup attempt below), 860–861, 1008–1009
  • ministerial appointments, 860–861
  • minority groups, relations with, 908, 911, 935–936, 1000–1009
  • National Assembly, 911
  • objectives, short-term, 896–899
  • power struggle, potential for, 890
  • press relations, 1004
  • resignations of officials, 891–892
  • Suu’s selection as Chief of State, 845–846, 858
  • Taylor’s assessment of, 888–890, 949–950
  • U.S. efforts to strengthen, 951–952, 958–959, 965–966, 968
    • progress reports, 993–995, 998–1000
    • Taylor’s instructions re, 975–976
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 982–984, 987–989
  • U.S. integration into, 910–911
  • U.S. operations against DRV, support for 947
  • U.S. protection from coup, request for, 1047, 1048
  • weaknesses of, 949–950
  • “Young Turks” coup attempt:
    • Generals’ defense of, 1039n
    • Khanh’s defense of, 1027–1028
    • Khanh’s leadership, 1030
    • negotiations to resolve, 1031–1032, 1033–1034, 1041–1042, 1046–1047, 1055–1056
    • Taylor-Johnson speculations on outcome, 1060–1063
    • Taylor’s initial reactions, 1014–1023
    • U.S. guidance for Taylor, 1023–1026, 1028–1029, 1035, 1038–1039, 1042–1043, 1044–1046, 1048
    • U.S. military assistance to Vietnam and, 1025–1026
    • U.S. official statements on, 1026–1027, 1028, 1034n , 1039n
• Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) program, 786
• Cleveland, Harlan, 399, 628n , 635–636, 641, 643
• Cline, Ray S.:
  • Khanh government, 146–147
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 276
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 962–964
• Co. See Nguyen Huu Co, Gen.
• Coffin, Frank M., 25
• Colby, William, 84n , 277, 322n , 397, 398, 415, 474, 571n , 830n
• Communist insurgency: area controlled by, 84–85, 100
  • Bien Hoa airfield, attack on, 873, 879–880
  • Brink Hotel bombing, 1038, 1043, 1049
  • casualties suffered, 119–120, 909
  • Chinese People’s Republic support for, 409
  • civil disorder, focus on, 810–811
  • ground attacks from DRV, possible, 686
  • infiltration of troops, 62, 109, 154–155, 864–872, 960, 1012–1014
  • intensification in July, 548–552
  • major offensive, possible, 489–490
  • Montagnards and, 786
  • political discord in RVN, role in, 745
  • popular attitude toward, 414, 545
  • propaganda activities, 489, 695
  • psychological impact of successes, 263, 539
  • quasi-governmental organization, 479
  • recruits for, 419–420
  • recuperative powers, 950, 951
  • reserve forces, 407–408
  • terrorism, 25, 95, 241n
  • training for troops, 867–868
  • troop strength, 123, 547, 661, 871–872
  • urban capabilities, 412, 811
  • U.S. operations against DRV, effect of, 250, 252, 403
  • U.S. personnel, attacks on, 95, 289n , 412, 873, 879–880, 1038, 1043, 1049
  • victory in Vietnam, possible, 13, 71–72, 296–297, 484–487, 918–919
  • Vietnam (DRV), relation to, 82–83, 123, 156–157, 251, 301–302
  • weaponry for, 86, 101, 110, 123, 156–157
  • withdrawal of forces, proposed, 128
• Conein, Col. Lucien, 266, 805, 1040
• Congress, U.S. (see also Congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy):
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, briefings on, 600, 615–621
  • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution:
    • administration consultations with leadership, 617–618, 619, 621
    • hearings on, 634, 642
    • passage of, 653
  • members’ visits to Vietnam, 754
  • Taylor’s meetings with leadership:
    • Sept. 1964, 754n
    • Dec. 1964, 974
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, administration consultations with leadership re, 222–224, 328–332, 390
• Congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy (see also Gulf of Tonkin Resolution), 72–74, 369, 462
  • draft resolutions, 350, 356–358, 490, 513–515
  • early resolution, decision against, 490–492, 497
  • opposing arguments, 495–496
  • options available without resolution, 516–518
  • requirements for, 432–433
  • supporting arguments, 493–495, 496, 515–516
  • timing of presentation to Congress, 377, 512
  • U.S. firmness, demonstration of, 511–512
• Cooper, Chester, 197, 198, 201, 350, 351, 397, 474, 489, 993–995, 1012n , 1013n
• Coote, Wendell B., 25
• Corcoran, Thomas B., 602n , 805
• Counterinsurgency operations (see also Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into; Strategic hamlet program; Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against; War footing for Vietnam; U.S.-RVN incursions under Cambodia):
  • air support, 311
  • airfield security, 680–681, 881, 882, 885
  • Americanization of, 35, 87, 125, 127
  • An Long offensive, proposed, 82–83
  • border control, 87
  • Chinese Nationalist troops for, 126, 167n , 169, 247, 252
  • CIA assessment of, 65–66, 84–86
  • Harkins’response, 99–102
  • civil advisers for, 314
  • command and control system, 419, 482–484, 795–796, 813–814
  • communications security, 321
  • conventional tactics issue, 197–198, 666, 667
  • covert checking of reporting on, 5–6, 7–8, 62, 84n
  • critical provinces, focus on, 424–426, 442, 443, 461–462, 488, 501
  • crop destruction and defoliation, 87
  • defense against ground attacks, 686, 688
  • deterioration of RVN position, 155–156, 336, 422–423, 429, 948–949
  • disbursement of funds problem, 320
  • Do Xa operation, 409
  • Farmgate operation, 163n
  • Goldwater’s comments on, 395n
  • government stability in RVN, relation to, 951, 952
  • ground operations, U.S. evaluation of, 802
  • guerrilla tactics, 163, 180–181, 503, 554
  • Hop Tac operation. See Saigon-area initiative below.
  • improvements in, 259, 946–947
  • infiltration evidence, accumulation of, 960
  • JCS recommendations for actions, 86–89, 847–853, 883
  • Khanh government policy on, 45–46, 47–48
  • National Pacification Plan, 87, 161, 321, 323, 411, 420–421, 505
  • Nes’ assessment of, 89–92
  • night operations, 21
  • operational effectiveness, 418
  • political orientation, 63
  • popular attitude toward, 65, 136, 347
  • populated areas, attacks on, 136
  • population control, 285, 302, 416, 659–662
  • provincial troubleshooting, 814–815, 819
  • psywar-civic action program in provinces, 997–998
  • reconnaissance flights, 251
  • Saigon-area initiative (Hop Tac plan), 660, 662, 738, 752, 776–777, 814, 859
  • Taylor-L. B. Johnson meeting re, 966–967, 968
  • timetable for, 149
  • U.S. ambassadors’ meeting re, 820–821
  • U.S. de facto responsibility for, 124
  • Vietnamese (RVN) responsibility for, 155
  • Village security, 179–181
  • Westmoreland’s assessment of, 736–742
• Coup against Diem, Minh’s account of, 134–135
• Coup against Minh. See Khanh coup.
• Coup attempt by “Young Turks.” See under Civilian government of Vietnam.
• Coups against Khanh. See under Khanh government.
• Couve de Murville, Maurice, 10n , 69, 221, 258, 465, 554–555
  • French-RVN relations, 239–240
  • Laos, possible settlement in, 236
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 107, 234–236
  • U.S.-Communist mutual withdrawal, proposed, 128
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 239
• Cox, Gordon E., 281
• Craig, U.S.S., 592
• Creel, Robert, 621n
• Cuba, 105n , 106
• Dai Viet party, 138, 719, 720, 725–726
• Dang-Sy, Maj., 321, 347
• Dang Van Sung, 542
• Davies, Richard T., 633n
• Davis, Rear Adm. J. W., 437–440
• De Gaulle, Charles, 10, 15, 33, 91–92, 107n , 152, 169, 521
  • Ball, meeting with, 402, 464–470
  • Bohlen, meeting with, 216–219, 220–221
  • coup plot against Minh, alleged, 37–38
  • international conference on Vietnam, proposed, 468–469, 573
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 56, 57, 58, 140
    • Chinese People’s Republic’s role in, 49–50
    • clarification of French policy, 186–189, 191–196, 216–219, 220–221
    • consultations with Lodge re, proposed, 183–184, 185, 186
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, assessment of, 217–218, 219
  • Vietnamese, attitude toward, 220
• De Leusse, Bruno, 554
• De Silva, Peter, 3, 39, 65–66, 248, 251, 252, 253, 313, 327, 434, 708
• Deepe, Beverly, 1055
• Defense, U.S. Department of (see also Joint Chiefs of Staff; McNamara, Robert 5):
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, summary statement on, 119–120
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against:
    • covert operations, 4–5
    • scenario for, 363–368
• Defense Intelligence Agency, 71–72
• Defferre, Gaston, 195
• Denmark, 647
• Denney, George C., Jr., 40–41, 82–83
• Depuy, Col., 424
• Diem. See Ngo Dinh Diem.
• Dillon, C. Douglas, 492, 520–521, 608
• Dingeman, Maj. James W., 25n
• Dirksen, Everett M., 223, 224, 330, 331, 620
• Do Cao Tri, Maj. Gen., 38, 40, 731
• Do Lenh Tuan, 237n
• Do Mau, Gen., 32, 121, 362, 694
• “Domino effect” in Southeast Asia, 484–487
• Don. See Tran Van Don, Gen.
• Dong. See Pham Van Dong.
• D’Orlandi, Giovanni, 54
• Douglas-Home, Sir Alec, 68, 69n , 70
• Duc. See Duong Van Duc, Brig. Gen.
• Duke, Angier Biddle, 643
• Dulles, John Foster, 645
• Dunn, John M., 248
• Duong Van Duc, Brig. Gen., 37, 137–138, 731, 764, 769, 770, 790, 791
• Duong Van Minh, Lt. Gen. (see also Minh government), 1, 11, 16, 415, 728, 800
  • arrest of, 42
  • civilian government of Vietnam, 803, 817, 818–819, 829, 832–833, 834–835, 837–838, 842–843, 844, 846
  • counterinsurgency operations, 136
  • coup against Diem, 134–135
  • economic situation in Vietnam, 19
  • field trips, 540
  • generals’ arrest and trial, 42, 137–138, 139, 411, 434
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 628
  • Khanh, assessment of, 138
  • Khanh coup, 136–137
  • Khanh government, 744
    • assessment of, 312–313
    • Buddhist opposition, 256
    • coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 764, 765, 770, 772
    • coup led by Minh, possible, 322, 434–436
    • popular attitude toward, 256–257
    • reorganization program, 708
    • role in, 64, 121, 256–257, 263, 268, 569, 595, 730, 743, 842
  • Khanh’s campaign against, 671, 710–711, 721
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 312–313
  • military, return to, 889–890
  • money appropriated by, 381
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 32, 33, 264
  • Ngo Dinh Can’s death sentence, 265–267
  • political ambitions, 721
  • Stromberg’s interview with, 134–139
  • Taylor’s assessment of, 721
  • U.S. dissociation from, 569
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 27, 28, 30–31
• Duzer, Roger, 533, 554
• Economic situation in Vietnam;
  • taxation, 19, 88
  • U.S. Mission’s assessment of, 659
• Eggeman, Capt., 342
• Ehrlich, T., 912–914
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 148
• Ellsberg, Daniel, 632
• Felt, Adm. Harry D., 203, 204–205, 270
  • Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 422, 424, 429, 430, 432
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 34n
  • war footing for Vietnam, 295–296
• Fishel, Wesley R., 59
• Fitzgerald, Desmond, 201
• Flooding in Vietnam, 901–902, 908–909
• Flott, Frederick W., 405
• Ford, Harold, 887
• Forrestal, Michael V., 16n , 25, 42n , 43n , 59–60, 64–65, 84n , 89n , 93–94, 132n , 176n , 213–214, 229, 271, 447, 450n , 474, 562n , 569n , 571n , 603n , 706n , 709n , 721n , 755, 782n , 793n , 795n , 895n , 909n , 995n , 1012n
  • AID director for Vietnam, 201
  • ambassador to Saigon, selection of, 201
  • civilian government of Vietnam, 815n , 840n
    • “Young Turks” coup attempt, 1025n , 1028n , 1035n
  • counterinsurgency operations:
    • conventional tactics issue, 197–198
    • covert checking of reporting on, 7–8
  • French-RVN relations, 232–233
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 614n
    • Maddox, attack on (Aug. 2), 599–600, 602n
    • retaliations for attacks, 599
    • U.S. rules of reconnaissance and engagement, 598–599
    • Vietnamese (DRV) attacks as defensive actions, 598
  • Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 427, 428
  • Khanh coup, 42–43
  • Khanh government, 386
    • Buddhist opposition, 700n instability of, 396–397
    • personnel for, 64
    • reorganization program, 670n
  • Khanh’s political skills, 830–832
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 574n
    • guidelines for, 215–216
    • intelligence operations, 275
    • limited air and ground operations, 806
  • Lodge, assessment of, 388–389
  • MACV command change, 199–200
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May, 1964), 304, 313
  • NSC Working Group on Vietnam, 813, 958
  • political situation in Vietnam, 314
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 79
  • Rusk mission (April 1964), 233
  • Special Assistant for Vietnam post, 543n
  • strategic hamlet program, 77–78
  • Sullivan Committee, 80
  • Taylor-Khanh relationship, 805
  • third country assistance for Vietnam, 527n
  • U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam, 79, 387–388, 397, 427
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • force increase to 22,000, 558–561
    • naval presence, 290–291
    • overflights of RVN territory, 290
  • U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
    • Chief of Staff for, 200–201
    • Deputy Chief of Mission, 441
    • management problem, 387
    • rural Operations minister, proposed, 78–79
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam:
    • “domino effect” issue, 484n
    • funds and personnel for, 324, 386
    • manager in Washington for, 59, 61
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against:
    • harbors, airstrikes against, 599
    • political moves in support of military actions, 206–213, 242–243
    • psychological benefits, 387
    • U.S. presidential politics and, 174–175
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 587–588
    • Vietnamese (RVN) pressure on U.S. for, 558n
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts, 978n
  • Vietnam visit, report on, 385–389
  • war footing for Vietnam, 289–290
• Fraleigh, Albert S., 478n
• France (see also French policy under Neutral solution for Vietnam), 647
  • China, People’s Republic, relations with, 49, 468, 534
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 635
  • international conference on Vietnam, proposed, 468–469, 556–557
  • Laos, policy toward, 557, 675
  • negotiations policy for Vietnam, 258
  • operations against RVN, alleged, 36–38, 58, 264, 265, 285, 294, 302, 380–381
  • Position Paper on Southeast Asia and, 972
  • SEATO and, 239–240
  • Southeast Asia policy, 107–108
    • Rusk-Alphand consultations re, 533–537, 554–557
  • U.S.-Communist mutual withdrawal, proposed, 128
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, position on, 919
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 239, 520–521
  • Ball-De Gaulle meeting re, 441, 445, 449–450, 464–470
  • Vietnam (RVN), relations with, 46–47, 53, 188, 232–233, 239–240, 245–246, 319
• Fulbright, J. William, 619, 620, 621
• Furness, George A., Jr., 693–696
• Gard, Richard A., 269, 1001, 1002, 1003
• Gaud, William, 427, 428, 473
• Gaulle, Charles de. See De Gaulle, Charles .
• Geneva Accords, 645, 991–992
• Germany, Federal Republic of, 647, 919
• Gillet, Robert, 234
• Gilpatric, Roswell L., 25, 99n , 473
• Giscard d’Estaing, Valery, 520, 521
• Go, Gen., 731
• Goldwater, Barry, 389, 395n , 565, 679–680
• Goodpaster, Lt. Gen. Andrew S., 214, 229, 350, 838n
• Gore, Sir David Ormsby, 68
• Green, Marshall, 42n , 51n , 53n , 61–62, 89n , 108n , 397, 592n
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 602n , 607, 608, 621n , 633
  • Khanh coup, 43–45
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 229–230
• Greene, Lt. Gen. Wallace M., Jr., 149n , 243n , 749
• Gromyko, Andrei, 9–10, 990–993
• Gulf of Tonkin events:
  • congressional leaders, briefings for, 600, 615–621
  • evidence for U.S. version of events, 631, 644–645
  • Maddox, attack on (Aug. 2), 589
    • administration meetings re, 590–591, 600–602
    • Johnson informed of, 590
    • U.S. official version, 589, 592
    • U.S. protest to DRV, 590–591, 599–600, 602–603
  • Maddox and C. Turner Joy, attack on (Aug. 4), 608, 611
    • confusion about course of events, 609
    • initial reports of, 604–605, 607
  • Morton and Edwards, possible attack on (Sept. 18), 778–781
  • policy consequences for U.S., 641–642
  • retaliations for attacks, 694–695
    • administration consultations with
    • congressional leaders, 615–621
    • authorization for, 593, 597
    • Forrestal’s recommendations, 599
    • international reaction, 633, 635–636
    • reports on, 626, 633
    • restrikes issue, 632
    • Sharp’s recommendations, 624–625
    • target selection, 605–606, 607–610, 611, 612
    • Taylor’s recommendations, 593–594, 603
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 640–641, 666
  • Soviet reaction, 633, 635, 636–638, 648
  • U.N. actions re, 611, 616–617, 625
    • Security Council meeting, 635–636
    • U.S. strategy, 628–630
  • U.S.-DRV communications re, 651–653
  • U.S. notification of other countries, 621–623
  • U.S. patrols, resumption of (Aug. 2), 591, 597
  • U.S. public statements on, 612, 626, 631, 632
  • U.S. rules of reconnaissance and engagement, 598–599, 601
  • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 589, 614, 623, 627–628, 630
  • U.S. satisfaction with outcomes, 663
  • Vietnamese (DRV) intentions in attacking U.S. ships, 598, 603, 611, 631, 639–640
• Gulf of Tonkin resolution: administration discussions re, 631–632
  • congressional leaders, consultations with, 617–618, 619, 621
  • draft resolution, 612–613
  • hearings on, 634, 642
  • Johnson’s request for, 634
  • passage of, 653
  • signing of, 664
• Ha Thuc Ky, 237
• Halleck, Charles A., 615, 617, 619, 621
• Hamlets of New Rural Life. See Strategic hamlet program.
• Hanes, Art, 431
• Harkins, Gen. Paul D., 21, 26, 130, 134n , 204, 228, 248
  • communist insurgency:
    • area controlled by, 100
    • Vietnam (DRV), relation to, 251
    • weaponry for, 101
  • counterinsurgency operations:
    • air support, 311
    • CIA assessment of, 99–102
  • Khanh, assessment of, 43
  • Khanh coup, 37, 39, 42, 43
  • Khanh government:
    • counterinsurgency policy, 47
    • coups against, possible, 436
    • transition period, U.S. recommendations for, 51
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 311
  • Lodge, relationship with, 298–299, 326–327
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 304, 313
  • political situation in Vietnam, 100–101
  • replacement as MACV commander, 59, 61, 200, 213, 223
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
    • effectiveness, U.S. advisers to report on, 310
    • intelligence organization, 253
    • manpower situation, 310
  • U.S. military advisers, lengths of tours for, 312
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 27–28, 30, 31, 252, 309
  • war footing for Vietnam, 144
• Harriman, W. Averell,, 15n , 22n , 25, 42n , 43n , 51n , 53n , 69, 81n , 96, 176n , 385n , 399, 561n , 569n , 571n , 1012n
  • counterinsurgency operations, 82
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 602n , 633
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into:
    • guidelines for, 215
    • intelligence operations, 276, 277
    • retaliatory air strikes, 474, 475
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 30n , 32n
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 75, 446
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts, 978–979
  • war footing for Vietnam, 284
• Helms, Richard, 84–86
• Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 616, 617–618, 619
• High National Council, 803, 816–817, 818–819, 822–823, 835, 858, 890
  • • Khanh-Minh meeting, 832
    • Taylor’s criticism of, 845–846
    • Taylor’s meetings with, 825–827, 838n
• Hilsman, Roger, Jr., 22n , 36n , 49n , 81n , 84n , 89
  • counterinsurgency operations:
    • An Long offensive, proposed, 82
    • guerrilla tactics, 180–181
    • village security, 179–181
  • parting memoranda, 175–182
  • removal from State position, 106
  • strategic hamlet program, 180
  • Thailand, 178
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 182
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam:
    • Asians’ doubts about U.S. intentions, 176–179
    • official visits to Vietnam, 68
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 27n , 29n , 34n , 75, 181
• Ho Chi Minh, 230, 241n , 281, 353, 414, 446, 546, 666, 695, 957
  • Thant’s assessment of, 643–644
• Ho Van Nhut, 825, 835, 836, 846
• Hoa Hao party, 17n , 52, 1005
• Hoan. See Nguyen Ton Hoan.
• Hoang Co Thuy, 1003
• Hoang Van Lac, Col., 362
• Holyoake, Keith J., 980
• Hon, Gen., 424
• Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 376
  • agenda for, 399–400
  • first session, 412–422
  • preparations for, 393–394
  • second session, 422–428
  • summaries of, 440–441, 442–446
  • third session, 428–433
• Hop Tac operation. See Saigon-area military initiative:
• Huan, 264, 285
• Hughes, Thomas L., 561n , 573–574, 592n , 633, 640, 698n , 782n
• Humphrey, Hubert H., 224, 525n , 619, 914n , 965, 967
  • Quat, meeting with, 478n
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, memorandum on, 477–484
• Huong. See Tran Van Huong.
• Huong-Suu government. See Civilian government of Vietnam.
• Huynh Van Cao, Brig. Gen., 135
• Imhof, Johannes V., 533, 554
• India, 675, 918, 972
• Indonesia, 15, 486
• Intelligentsia of Vietnam, 238, 414–415
• International conference on Laos, proposed, 446, 507–511, 654–656, 674–675, 678–679
• International conference on Vietnam, proposed:
  • country positions, 573–574
  • French proposal for, 468–469, 556–557
  • U.S. preconditions for, 676
• International Control Commission (ICC) (see also Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts), 276, 355, 543, 544
  • Gulf of Tonkin events and, 599–600, 602
• Iran, 918
• Italy, 647
• Japan, 486, 633, 918
• Jenkins, Walter, 615n
• Jensen, Ben F., 330–331, 332
• Johnson, Lady Bird, 645
• Johnson, Lyndon B., 1, 2, 4, 60, 69, 84n , 93, 119n , 171, 185, 189n , 232, 349, 385, 440, 461, 552, 571n , 576n , 656, 679, 723, 787n
  • Alliance for Progress, 812
  • ambassador to Saigon, selection of, 496
    • McG. Bundy’s recommendations, 472
    • Taylor-Johnson team, appointment of, 523–524, 530
  • anti-American sentiment in Vietnam, 804n
  • Ball-De Gaulle meeting, 449–450, 464
  • W. Bundy’s appointment to Far Eastern Affairs post, 106
  • Cambodia, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 168–169
  • China, People’s Republic of, U.S. contacts with, 644
  • CIA station chief, appointment of, 3–4
  • civilian government of Vietnam, 935
    • installation of, 858
    • U.S. efforts to strengthen, 965–966, 968, 995n , 998
    • “Young Turks” coup attempt, 1031
  • counterinsurgency operations:
    • Chinese Nationalist troops for, 169
    • meeting with Taylor re, 966–967, 968
    • psywar-civic action program in provinces, 997n
  • Gulf of Tonkin events:
    • congressional leaders, briefings for, 600, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621
    • Maddox, attack on (Aug. 2), 590, 602
    • Maddox and C. Turner Joy, attack on (Aug. 4), 604, 605, 607, 608
    • Morton and Edwards, possible attack on (Sept. 18), 778–781
    • public statements on, 626, 634
    • retaliations for attacks, 597, 606, 608, 609, 611, 612
    • Soviet reaction, 636, 648
    • U.S. notification of other countries re, 622–623
    • U.S. patrols, resumption of (Aug. 2), 597
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 623
    • U.S. satisfaction with outcomes, 663
  • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution:
    • congressional leaders, consultations with, 618, 619
    • hearings on, 634
    • request for, 634
    • signing of, 664
  • Hilsman’s parting memoranda, 175
  • Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 393–394
  • Humphrey-Quat meeting, 478n
  • Khanh, attitude toward, 129
  • Khanh coup, 42
  • Khanh government:
    • counterinsurgency policy, 48
    • coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 766n
    • instability of, 396
  • Khrushchev, exchange of letters with, 636–638, 648
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into:
    • air strikes, 475, 812
    • intelligence operations, 275, 276, 277
    • planning and training for, 527
    • U.S. authorization of, 168
  • Lodge, relations with, 2, 132–133
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (March 1964), 145
    • McNamara’s report, 131, 151, 167–169, 171, 172
    • preparations for, 129–133
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 322
  • National Security Action Memorandum 314:
    • administration review of, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755
    • courses of action report, 746
  • neutral solution for Vietnam:
    • De Gaulle’s clarification of French policy, 189n , 191–193, 194, 195–196, 216
    • French policy, 102, 104, 107, 132–133, 140n , 185
    • Lippmann’s position, 400
    • U.S. policy, 56, 191–193
  • NSC Working Group on Vietnam, 812, 915, 916
  • political situation in Vietnam, 6–7
  • Position Paper on Southeast Asia, 969n , 974, 984
  • Quat, meeting with, 447–448
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 93n
  • Rusk-Khanh meeting, 405n
  • Rusk mission (April 1964), 230, 231, 241–242
  • Southeast Asia, U.S.-U.K. consultations re, 68–70
  • Sullivan Committee, appointment of, 79–80
  • Taylor’s ambassadorial instructions, 538, 974–978
  • Taylor’s conflict with generals, 1037n
  • Taylor’s visits to Washington:
    • Sept. 1964, 749
    • Nov.-Dec. 1964, 965–969
  • Television appearance re Vietnam, 146, 148–150
  • Thant, meeting with, 643–645
  • third country assistance for Vietnam:
    • Lodge’s European trip to promote, 647
    • meeting with Taylor re, 967
    • progress reports on, 839
    • U.K. contribution, 981, 985
    • Vietnamese (RNV) efforts re, 448
  • U.S.-Communist mutual withdrawal, proposed, 128
  • U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam:
    • construction projects, 524
    • funding increases, 332
  • U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam, 372
  • U.S. information programs and policies in U.S., 523
  • U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 382
    • communications czar, 471
    • psychological warfare campaign, 254, 274, 450
    • rural opinion, studies re, 544
  • U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 332
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • force increase to 22,000, 547n
    • ground troops, 1058–1059
    • legal basis for sending forces to Vietnam, 532
  • U.S. Mission in Vietnam, Chief of Staff for, 393
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam:
    • administration consultations with congressional leaders, 222, 224, 390 390
    • McG. Bundy’s courses of action report, 672
    • funds and personnel for, 272–274, 474, 753, 1058
    • Mansfield’s policy suggestions, 2, 8, 67, 1009–1010
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 182
    • air strikes, 333–334
    • application of power issue, 459
    • Bien Hoa attack, proposed retaliation for, 875n , 881n
    • contingency planning, 96, 184–185
    • covert operations, 4, 372
    • doubts about, 400–401
    • French position, 449–450, 464
    • naval operations, 780–781, 796, 812
    • retaliation for attacks on U.S. personnel, 169, 875n , 881n . 1057–1059
    • scenearios for, 374
    • U.S. consultations with allies, 394–396
    • U.S. dependents in Vietnam and, 96, 1057–1058
    • U.S. protection of RVN against reprisal, 328
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 329
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts:
    • instructions for intermediary, 281n
    • Lodge’s recommendations, 327, 333
    • Pearson contacted about, 253
  • war footing for Vietnam, 287n
• Johnson, Robert, 75n , 673n
• Johnson, U. Alexis, 15n , 81n , 401, 492, 576, 577, 627, 646n , 669n , 698, 717, 719, 729, 874n , 945, 947, 948n , 982, 987, 1014, 1016, 1020, 1046
  • civilian government of Vietnam:
    • formation of, 822–825, 827, 828, 836, 846
    • “Young Turks” coup attempt, 1055–1056, 1060–1063
  • communist insurgency, 490
  • deputy ambassador, appointment as, 523–524, 530–531
  • Khanh government, coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 764, 765, 768–769, 770
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 475
  • reports from Vietnam, quality of, 552–553
  • Taylor’s conflict with Generals, 1041, 1053–1055
  • U.S. Mission in Vietnam, assessment of, 937–938
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 75
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts, 978n
• Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) (see also Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D.; Wheeler, Gen. Earle G.):
  • Cambodia, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 110–111, 150
  • counterinsurgency operations:
    • Americanization of, 35
    • An Long offensive, proposed, 82
    • recommendations for actions, 86–89, 847–853, 883
  • Gulf of Tonkin events:
    • Maddox and C. Turner Joy, attack on (Aug. 4), 609
    • Morton and Edwards, possible attack on (Sept. 18), 778
    • retaliations for attacks, 607, 608, 609–610
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into:
    • air strikes, 584–585, 588, 806
    • ground operations, 584–585, 588, 806
    • planning and training for, 528–530
    • position on, 35, 110–111
  • McNamara report (March 1964), 149–150
  • National Security Action Memorandum 314, 749–750
  • NSC Working Group on Vietnam:
    • “Continue present policies” option, 933, 934
    • “Courses of Action” paper, 932–935
    • “Fast, unyielding pressure” option, 933, 934–935
    • “Progressive pressure and talk” option, 933, 934
  • U.S. naval presence in Vietnam, 283n , 291
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 35, 63, 129, 149–150
    • accelerated program of actions, 714–717
    • air strikes, 584–585, 588, 749–750
    • Bien Hoa attack, proposed retaliation for, 875–876
    • contingency planning, 97–99, 112–118, 205
    • covert operations, 338–340
    • destruction of DRV will and capabilities, 437–440, 681, 715
    • military options, 113, 116–118, 681–682, 713–717
    • objectives and courses of action, 436–440
    • political moves in support of military actions, 214
    • recommendations for actions, 847–850, 854–857, 882–884
    • retaliation for attacks on U.S. personnel, 1049n
    • Soviet response, 117
    • target selection, 113–114, 438, 715
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 112–113, 114–116, 205, 902–906
    • war game on Vietnam, 198n
• Jorden, William, 251
• Kennedy, John F., 1, 10, 183, 538
• Kennedy, Robert F., 70, 473, 491
• Kent, Sherman, 484–487
• Khanh. See Nguyen Khanh, Maj. Gen.
• Khanh coup, 164n
  • accounts of, 40–41, 43–44
  • events leading to, 36–39, 41, 42
  • Lodge’s assessment of, 54–55
  • Minh’s account of, 136–137
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, impact on, 137–138, 139
  • U.S. response, 42, 44–45
• Khanh government:
  • administrative problems, 416
  • alliance with Republic of China and Republic of Korea, proposed, 248
  • alternatives to Khanh, U.S. consideration of, 431–432, 706, 744–745
  • ambassadors, 320, 411, 542
  • Buddhist opposition, 256, 313, 314, 788
    • anti-Americanism of, 809
    • communist influence, 792
    • coup by, possible, 305, 743
    • demands of, 696–698, 701
    • demonstrations, 698n , 700
    • Khanh’s relations with, 698–699, 701–705, 712
    • Lodge’s assessment of, 305
    • moderation of, 830–831
    • Ngo Dinh Can issue, 263, 264–265n
    • Taylor’s advice for Khanh, 702
    • Taylor’s assessment of, 711–712
  • Cambodia, negotiations with, 170, 171
  • counterinsurgency policy, 45–46, 47–48
  • coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 764–772
    • punishment of coup leaders, 774–775
    • Taylor’s report on, 789–792
  • coups against, possible, 122, 157, 160, 166, 327, 788–789, 810
    • Buddhist coup, 305, 743
    • colonels as leaders, 726–727, 743
    • generals as leaders, 434–436
    • Minh as leader, 322, 434–436
    • U.S. contingency planning, 305
    • U.S. protection against, 127, 147
  • Dai Viet threat to, 719, 720, 725–726
  • Diemist leanings, alleged, 62, 138
  • Forrestal’s assessment of, 386
  • future prospects, Taylor’s assessment of, 733–734
  • generals’ pledge of support, 728, 729
  • information programs, 502, 545
  • instability of, 157, 164n , 396–397, 565, 672, 742–746, 787–789, 801n , 803, 807
  • intellectuals, policy toward, 238
  • Khanh’s absence from Saigon, 719–722, 727–729
  • land for veterans program, 499
  • McCone’s assessment of, 121–122, 164n
  • military-civilian friction, 237–238
  • Minh’s assessment of, 312–313
  • Minh’s role in, 64, 121, 257, 263, 268, 569, 595, 730, 743, 842
  • ministers’ roles, 391n
  • National Front Committee, 718, 720, 730, 731
  • neutralist sympathizers in, 562–563
  • personnel for, 46, 64, 121
  • politics, preoccupation with, 392
  • popular attitude toward, 121, 256–257, 269, 544–545, 658
  • press policy, 237–238
  • Prime Minister selection, 53
  • provincial administration, 156, 245, 808
  • public relations efforts, 488
  • religious issues, committee for, 731
  • reorganization program, 498, 499
    • achievements of, 725–727
    • cabinet structure, 694
    • constitution, proposal for, 671, 682–684, 703, 709, 711
    • failure of, 724–725
    • Khanh’s resignation offer, 717–718
    • military and, 726–727
    • presidency for Khanh, proposed, 693–694, 707–708
    • proclamation on, 703–705
    • Quat and Oanh, proposed removal of, 670, 671
    • summary of events, 710–713
    • U.S. position, 362, 578, 707, 709, 733
  • retention of power, chances of, 674
  • state of emergency, 578, 651
  • state of war declaration. See War footing for Vietnam.
  • strengths of, 157–158
  • succession issue, 627–628
  • successor government. See Civilian government of Vietnam.
  • supporters of, 799
  • Taylor’s proposals for dealing with, 689–693
  • transition period, U.S. recommendation for, 51–52, 53
  • triumvirate leadership, 730, 743, 842
  • unity concerns, 405–407, 797
  • U.S. Mission’s assessment of, 657–659
  • U.S. political adviser for Khanh, 126
  • U.S. policy toward, 129, 797
    • Cline’s assessment of, 146–147
    • Taylor’s positron, 798–801
  • U.S. recognition of, 44n , 45
  • Vietnam (DRV), contacts with, 595n , 809–810
• Khiem. See Tran Thien Khiem, Lt. Gen.
• Khrushchev, Nikita S., 10, 244
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 622, 636–638, 648
• Killen, James S., 198, 753, 755–758, 803–804, 937
• Kim. See Le Van Kim, Brig. Gen.
• Kitchen, Jeffrey C., 938
• Kohler, Foy D., 636, 990
• Komer, Robert W., 198
• Korea, Republic of, 918
• Koren, Henry L. T., 25–26, 51n , 53n
• Krebs, Max V., 237n
• Krulak, Maj. Gen. Victor H., 4n , 22n , 27n , 34n , 36n , 49n
• Kuchel, Thomas H., 615n
• Ky. See Nguyen Cao Ky, Air Vice Marshal.
• Labor movement in Vietnam, 788, 1006–1007
• Laking, George R., 979, 980
• Lam, Gen., 566
• Lam, Lt. Col. See Tran Dinh Lam, Lt. Col.
• Lam Van Phat, Gen., 764, 765, 768, 769, 774, 790, 791
• Lan, Col., 285
• Land reform, 52, 499
• Lansdale, Edward G., 477n , 478n , 484, 525, 1040
• Lao Dong Party, 866, 867, 868
• Laos (see also Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into), 124
  • communist infiltration to RVN through, 62, 109, 154–155
  • communist victory in Vietnam, consequences of, 918
  • conference on, proposed, 446, 507–511, 654–656, 674–675, 678–679
  • French policy toward, 557, 675
  • Mansfield’s suggestions re, 1011
  • military situation, 674
  • Pathet Lao forces, 71, 177, 276
  • regional settlement and, 557
  • settlement in, possible, 236, 250, 369–370, 402
  • Thai concerns re, 332
  • U.S. operations against DRV through, 369–370, 374
  • U.S. policy toward, 497, 508–511, 675
• Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into (see also Congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy), 214, 233
  • air strikes:
    • effectiveness, evaluations of, 892–893
    • fixed targets, 820–821
    • infiltration routes, 584–585, 588, 812, 893–894
    • limited operations, 677, 748, 755, 759, 761–763, 794, 806
    • retaliatory strikes, 474–475, 488, 508
    • supply lines, 574–575, 579–583
  • bridgeheads, establishment of, 685
  • communist insurgency, impact on, 408
  • ground operations, 575
    • JCS positron, 584–585, 588, 806
    • limited operations, 677, 748, 755, 759, 761–763, 794, 806
    • planning for, 893
  • guidelines for, 215–216
  • intelligence operations, 275, 276–277, 311, 428
  • JCS position, 35, 110–111
  • Khanh’s positron, 407, 408
  • Laotian requests for, 812
  • McCone’s position, 126
  • McNamara’s positron, 151, 167
  • options available without congressional resolution, 517
  • parachute drops, 685
  • planning and training for, 527–530, 575, 893
  • Position Paper on Southeast Asia statements on, 971, 972
  • reconnaissance flights, 311, 507
  • Soviet response, 587
  • timetable for, 433
  • U.S. ambassadors’ meeting re, 820–821
  • U.S. assistance for Laotian aircraft, 821
  • U.S. authorization for, 168, 204–205
  • U.S. firmness, demonstrations of, 510–511
  • U.S.-Laotian consultations re, 433
  • U.S. operations against DRV and, 226–227
  • U.S. public position, 763
  • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 247, 685, 688
  • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 585–587
• Le Khac Quyen, 819, 825, 831, 1021
• Le Van Hoach, 595n
• Le Van Kim, Brig. Gen., 16, 19–20, 245, 564, 671, 672
  • Amnesty (Chieu Hoi) program, 20–21
  • arrest and trial of, 42, 137, 138, 139, 264, 346n , 380–381, 391, 406, 411
  • counterinsurgency operations, 21
  • coup against Diem, 135
  • coup against Khanh, possible, 434–436
  • neutralist sympathies, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 54, 136–137, 285
  • U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 20
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 28, 30, 31
• Le Van Nghiem, Maj. Gen., 37
• Le Van Tat, Brig. Gen., 1005
• Le Van Thu, 825
• LeMay, Gen. Curds E., 149n , 150n , 243, 607, 632, 749, 778
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 713–717
• Lippmann, Walter, 185, 400, 504
• Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 45, 93–94, 96, 134n , 327, 391, 700, 717
  • ambassador to Saigon, recommendations for, 279–280, 476–477
  • anti-communist groups in RVN, 414
  • Buddhist-Catholic conflict, 315, 321, 415–416
  • Cambodia, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 151
  • CIA station chief, appointment of, 3
  • communist insurgency:
    • popular support for, 414
    • victory in Vietnam, possible, 296–297
  • congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy, 433
  • counterinsurgency operations, 21, 90
    • Chinese Nationalist troops for, 167n
    • civil advisers for, 314
    • deterioration of RVN position, 423
    • popular attitude toward, 347
  • Forrestal’s assessment of, 388–389
  • France, 169
    • operations against RVN, alleged, 265
    • relations with RVN, 46–47, 53n
  • Harkins, relationship with, 298–299, 326–327
  • Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 393, 412–416, 420, 421, 423–427, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433
  • intelligentsia of Vietnam, 414–415
  • Johnson, L. B., relations with, 2, 132–133
  • Khanh, assessment of, 413
  • Khanh coup, 37–39, 40n , 42, 44n , 54–55
  • Khanh government:
    • administrative problems, 416
    • alternatives to Khanh, 431, 432
    • ambassadors, 411
    • Buddhist opposition, 256, 305
    • counterinsurgency policy, 45–46, 47
    • coups against, possible, 305, 322, 435n land for veterans program, 499
    • Minh’s role, 257, 263, 268
    • ministers’ roles, 391n personnel for, 46
    • popular attitude toward, 256–257
    • reorganization program, 498, 499, 709, 710
    • transition period, U.S. recommendation for, 52n
  • Laos:
    • settlement in, possible, 250
    • U.S.-RVN incursions into, 151, 276
  • managerial shortcomings, 387, 388–389
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (March 1964), 141, 142–145
    • McNamara’s report, 167–169
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 304–308, 312, 313
  • Minh government, 1–2
  • neutral solution for Vietnam:
    • De Gaulle’s clarification of French policy, 186–189, 192n
    • French policy, 102–103, 104, 107
    • Lodge-De Gaulle consultation re, proposed, 183–184, 185, 186
    • objections to, 186–189
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 32–33
  • neutralization of DRV, plan for, 229–230
  • Ngo Dinh Can’s death sentence, 257, 263, 264, 265–267
  • political situation in Vietnam:
    • Councils of Notables in villages, 22, 498–499
    • precinct organization, 6, 16–19
  • presidential ambitions, 389
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
    • communist penetration of, 263
    • generals’ trial, 264, 346n , 380–381, 391n
    • pay increase, 93
  • resignation, 521–522
  • Rusk mission (April 1964), 232n , 241–242, 244, 248–253
  • third country assistance for Vietnam, 320
    • European trip to promote, 647
    • military forces, 459
  • U.S. dependents in Vietnam, 426
  • U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 340, 341n
  • U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam:
    • “brain trust” advisers, 24n
    • control capacity, 346, 347
    • integration into government structure, 427, 431, 440–441, 462
    • Khanh’s request for, 277–278
    • Rusk’s request for suggestions, 349
    • support for, 278
  • U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 384
    • communications czar, 430
    • psychological warfare campaign, 278, 429, 430
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • ground forces, 286, 294
    • naval presence, 283–284, 297, 305
  • U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
    • Deputy Chief of Mission, 441
    • lavish lifestyle, 348
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, funds and personnel for, 260, 272
  • Vietnam (DRV), military situation in, 421
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 27–28, 94–95, 225
    • air strikes, 182–183, 306, 307–308, 326, 333–334
    • application of power issue, 459–461
    • carrot-stick approach, 28
    • communist insurgency, impact on, 250, 252
    • contingency planning, 184
    • covert operations, 186, 249, 306
    • deniability issue, 28, 306–307
    • French position, 470n
    • Khanh’s position, 141
    • naval operations, 252–253
    • nuclear weapons issue, 250
    • political moves in support of military actions, 208, 307
    • psychological benefits, 415, 456
    • tit-for-tat military actions, 186
    • U.S. protection of RVN against reprisal, 334
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 27, 28–31, 49
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts:
    • instructions for intermediary, 281, 282n , 348n
    • Khanh not informed of, 294
    • recommendations re, 249–250, 306, 307, 327, 333–334, 335
    • Seaborn’s meetings with DRV officials, 525–526
  • war footing for Vietnam, 144, 145
    • Khanh’s proposal for, 284–287, 291, 293–294, 305
• Lopez, Salvador P., 240
• Lucas, Jim, 384
• Luong Trong Tuong, 1005
• MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 286
• Macmillan, Harold, 622
• Maddox, U.S.S. See under Gulf of Tonkin events.
• Maechling, Charles, Jr., 25
• Magnuson, Warren G., 394
• Mai Huu Xuan, Maj. Gen., 668, 671, 672
  • arrest and trial of, 41, 137, 138, 139, 264, 380–381, 406, 411
  • coup against Diem, 135
  • coup against Khanh, possible, 434–436
  • neutralist sympathies, 36, 37, 38, 39, 285
• Mai Tho Truyen, 825, 1001, 1002
• Malaysia, 69, 236, 486, 918, 982
• Manfull, Melvin L., 248, 313, 323, 416, 441, 682–683, 698, 823, 1000n
• Manning, Robert J., 57–58, 431, 441, 474, 490, 491, 523, 569n , 749, 754
• Mansfield, Mike, 185, 224
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 620, 621
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 2–3, 8–15, 67, 1009–1012
• Martin, Graham A., 428, 820
• Martin, Paul J., 281, 395n
• Mau, Gen., 164n
• McAfee, William, 592n
• McCloskey, Robert, 603n
• McCone, John A., 25, 65, 79, 93, 120–121, 130, 146, 155n , 157n , 166n , 176n , 305n , 663, 742n , 806n , 811, 914n , 1012n , 1060n
  • Cambodia, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 126, 151, 330
  • China, People’s Republic of, 679
  • CIA station chief, appointment of, 3
  • civilian government of Vietnam:
    • U.S. efforts to strengthen, 966
    • “Young Turks” coup attempt, 1018
  • communist insurgency, 123
    • major offensive, possible, 489–490
  • congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy, 432, 492
  • counterinsurgency operations:
    • Americanization of, 125, 127
    • covert checking of reporting on, 5–6, 7–8
    • deterioration of RVN positron, 336, 429
    • Taylor-Johnson meeting re, 968
    • U.S. de facto responsibility for, 124
  • Gulf of Tonkin events:
    • congressional leaders, briefings for, 615–616, 619
    • evidence for U.S. version of events, 644–645
    • retaliations for attacks, 608, 611
    • Vietnamese (DRV) attacks as defensive actions, 611
  • Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 415, 423, 424, 427, 429, 431–432
  • Khanh government:
    • Assessment of, 121–122, 164n
    • coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 766n
    • coupe, U.S. protection against, 127
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 126, 151
    • intelligence operations, 276, 277
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 585–587
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (March 1964), 133n
  • National Security Action Memorandum 314, 750, 751–752, 753, 754
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 124
  • NSC Working Group on Vietnam, 938n , 943, 958
  • political situation in Vietnam, 126
  • Position Paper on Southeast Asia, 969n , 984
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 122
  • strategic hamlet program, 126
  • Taylor’s ambassadorial instructions, 974n
  • Taylor’s visits to Washington, 746n , 749, 965
  • third country assistance for Vietnam, 967
  • U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam:
    • integration into government structure, 371, 372
    • political adviser for Khanh, 126
  • U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 431
  • U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 123
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam:
    • “domino effect” issue, 484
    • funds and personnel for, 474
    • strategic importance of Vietnam, 753
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against:
    • covert operations, 4–5
    • infiltration lines, focus on, 962
    • military options, 370
    • position on, 125–126, 127
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 585–587
  • war footing for Vietnam, 287n
• McCormack, John W., 332, 616, 617, 619
• McDonald, Adm. David L., 174
• McNamara, Robert S. (see also McNamara-Taylor mission headings), 1n , 63, 65n , 71n , 77, 79, 84n , 93, 99n , 119n , 134n , 176n , 299, 305n , 327n , 350, 500, 520n , 571n , 576n , 583, 605, 721n , 1060n
  • Air Force, RVN, 319, 329
  • ambassadorship for, proposed, 473
  • Cambodia, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 110, 151, 330
  • Civil Guard, Army status for, 144
  • civilian government of Vietnam:
    • formation of, 840
    • “Young Turks” coup attempt, 1018
  • communist insurgency, DRV support for, 156–157
  • congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy, 462, 491, 492
  • counterinsurgency operations, 12, 86
    • covert checking of reporting on, 7–8
    • critical provinces, focus on, 425–426, 461–462
    • deterioration of RVN position, 155–156, 422, 423
    • guerrilla tactics, 163
    • JCS recommendations for actions, 847
    • National Pacification Plan, 161, 321
    • Taylor-Johnson meeting re, 966, 967, 968
    • Vietnamese (RVN) responsibility for, 155
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 651n
    • congressional leaders, briefings for, 600, 615, 616, 617, 619, 620
    • Maddox, attack on (Aug. 2), 590, 602
    • Maddox and C. Turner Joy, attack on (Aug. 4), 604, 605, 607, 608, 609, 611
    • Morton and Edwards, possible attack on (Sept. 18), 778, 779, 780
    • retaliations for attacks, 605–606, 607, 608, 609, 611, 612, 626
    • U.S. satisfaction with outcomes, 663
  • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 642
  • Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 416, 419, 421, 422–428, 430, 431, 432, 433
    • agenda for, 399–400
  • Khanh government:
    • alternatives to Khanh, 431
    • counterinsurgency policy, 47–48
    • coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 766n
    • coups against, possible, 322
    • instability of, 157
    • strengths of, 157–158
  • Laos, possible settlement in, 369–370
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 110, 151, 167
    • air strikes, 475, 812
    • intelligence operations, 276, 277
    • planning and training for, 527–528
    • timetable for, 433
    • U.S.-Laotian consultations re, 433
  • Lodge-Harkins relationship, 298n , 326–327
  • MACV command change, 200
  • media coverage of Vietnam, 224
  • National Security Action Memorandum 314, 758
    • administration review of, 749, 751, 753, 754
  • National Service Act for Vietnam, 143
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 158, 191n
  • NSC Working Group on Vietnam, 938n
    • Courses of Action paper, 932
    • meetings, 943, 958, 959
    • policy options papers, 812, 813
    • progress reports on deliberations, 915, 916
  • partitioning of RVN, proposed, 12–13
  • political situation in Vietnam, 314
  • Position Paper on Southeast Asia, 969n , 984
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
    • force increases, 319, 320
    • generals’ trial, 380
    • incompetents, replacement of, 320
    • paramilitary forces, 162–163
    • training for, 324–325
  • Self-Defense Corps, 142–143
  • strategic hamlet program, 162
  • Taylor’s ambassadorial instructions, 974n
  • Taylor’s visits to Washington, 746n , 749, 965
  • third country assistance for Vietnam, 320
  • U.S. dependents in Vietnam, 165–166, 426
  • U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 163
  • U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam, 372, 373–374, 397–398, 426
  • U.S. information programs and policies in U.S., 523
  • U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam:
    • communications czar, 430–431
    • peace offensive, 462
    • radio broadcasts into DRV, 261
  • U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 163–164, 171
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • combat exposure for troops, 330, 331
    • force increase to 22,000, 547
    • marines to guard installations, 723
    • Saigon area secured with U.S. troops, 166
    • training programs, 329, 331
  • U.S. Mission in Vietnam, 441
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam:
    • administration consultations with congressional leaders, 222–223, 224, 328–332
    • basic posture, 160–161
    • commitment to Vietnam, 488
    • funds and personnel for, 260–262, 269, 273, 274, 319, 324, 474, 753
    • Mansfield’s policy suggestions, 2n , 12–13
    • objectives of, 154
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 34n , 35
    • air strikes, 326, 753
    • Bien Hoa attack, proposed retaliation for, 875n , 876n , 881n
    • contingency planning, 97–99, 112, 165, 167, 463
    • covert operations, 4–5, 152, 171, 338, 646
    • deniability issue, 97–98
    • harbors, mining of, 605
    • implications of, 329, 456, 906
    • JCS recommendations for actions, 847
    • Laotian route, 369–370, 374
    • military options, 118n , 159, 370, 681, 713
    • military pressures short of combat operations, 463–464
    • objectives and courses of action, 436, 437, 457
    • political objectives, 159–160
    • reaction times for operations, 165, 171
    • retaliation for attacks on U.S. personnel, 875n , 876n , 881n , 1049n , 1057
    • surrender terms issue, 399
    • target selection, 98
    • U.S. dependents in Vietnam and, 371
    • U.S. public statements on, 189–190
    • Vietnamese (DRV) air defenses, 421–422
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 97, 98, 114n , 902, 906n
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts, 651n
  • war footing for Vietnam, 284, 287n , 317
    • national mobilization proposal, 142, 143–145, 161–162
• McNamara-Taylor mission (March 1964), 77, 96
  • Johnson’s message for Lodge, 132–133
  • Khanh, meeting with, 141, 142–145
  • McNamara’s instructions to members, 133–134
  • McNamara’s report, 130, 131, 145, 147
    • administration discussions of, 151–152, 170–172
    • JCS reaction, 149–150
    • Lodge’s assessment of, 167–169
    • text of, 153–167
  • members of, 133n
  • preparations for, 129–133
  • return to U.S., 145
• McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 287, 291
  • country team, meeting with, 313–314
  • Khanh, meeting with, 315–321
  • Lodge, meeting with, 304–308
  • MACV, meeting with, 308–312
  • McNamara’s report, 322–327, 328–332
  • Minh, meeting with, 312–313
  • preparations for, 299–303
  • purpose of, 304
• McNaughton, John T., 190n , 202, 206, 229, 436n , 474, 562n , 571n , 651n , 662, 700n , 793n , 830n , 1012n
  • civilian government of Vietnam, “Young Turks” coup attempt against, 1023n , 1025n , 1035n
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 778
  • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 634
  • Honolulu meetings (rune 1964), 422, 428
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 574n
  • MACV command change, 199–200
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (March 1964), 133n
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 313
  • National Security Action Memorandum 314, 747n
  • NSC Working Group on Vietnam, 813, 887, 916n , 958
  • Taylor’s visits to Washington, 749, 965
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 242, 243, 350, 399
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts, 978n
• Media coverage of Vietnam, 88, 224, 259, 261, 384, 430, 454, 552n , 660
  • leaks to press, 576–577
  • unfavorable developments, bias toward, 443–444
  • Vietnamese (RVN) media, 101, 316
• Meeker, Leonard C., 532n
• Mendenhall, Joseph A., 22n , 26, 36n , 37n , 42n , 43n , 51n , 53n , 61n , 63n , 190
• Menzies, Robert G., 331, 980
• Military Assistance Command, U.S. (MACV) (see also Harkins, Gen. Paul D.; U.S. military involvement in Vietnam; Westmoreland, Gen. William C.):
  • change of commend, 59, 61, 199–200, 213, 223
  • commander’s responsibilities, 280
  • communist infiltration report by, 864–872
  • coordination with U.S. agencies, 387
  • criticisms of, 89–90
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), meeting with, 308–312
• Military cordon for Southeast Asia, proposed, 482
• Minh. See Duong Van Minh, Lt. Gen.
• Minh government, 1–2
  • • Minh’s assessment of, 135–136
    • neutralist coup against, possible, 36–38, 54
    • overthrow of. See Khanh coup.
    • political programs, 20–22
• Montagnards, 78
  • civilian government of Vietnam and, 1006
  • guerrilla operations, 503
  • revolt against RVN authority, 785–786, 802, 808–809
• Montgomery, James M., 571n
• Moore, Maj. Gen. Joseph H., 311, 1014, 1015
• Morgan, Thomas E., 615n
• Morozov, P. D., 635
• Morse, Wayne, 223–224, 488, 504
• Moyers, William, 47n , 57
• Murrow, Edward R., 25, 384
• Mustin, Vice Adm. Lloyd M., 605, 886, 1012n
• Nam Dong, fighting at, 549
• National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam. See Communist insurgency.
• National Police, 162–163
• National Security Action Memoranda:
  • 280, Feb. 14, 79–80
  • 284, Feb. 11, 67–68
  • 288, Mar. 17, 172–173
  • 308, June 22, 523
  • 314, Sept. 10:
    • administration review of, 749–755
    • courses of action report, 746–749
    • politico-military coordination on, 772–773
    • text of, 758–760
• National Security Council (NSC) (see also NSC Working Group on Vietnam):
  • Executive Committee meeting (May 24), 369–374
  • meetings:
    • 523d, Mar. 5, 130–131
    • 524th, Mar. 17, 170–172
    • 526th, Apr. 3, 222–224
    • 528th, Apr. 22, 258–264
    • 529th, Apr. 29, 276–277
    • 532d, May 15, 328–332
    • 537th, Aug. 4, 608
    • 538th, Aug. 4, 611–612
    • 541st, Aug. 25, 707
• Navy, RVN, 739
• Ne Win, Gen., 486, 643–644
• Nes, David G., 78, 200, 248, 298n , 335
  • counterinsurgency operations, 82–83, 89–92
  • Khanh government, possible coups against, 434–436
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 313
  • U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam, 360
• Netherlands, 647
• Neutral solution for Vietnam:
  • China, People’s Republic’s role in, 32n , 49–50, 234–235
  • communists’ interpretation of, 188
  • Defense Department positron, 120
  • doubts about U.S. intentions and, 177
  • French policy, 30n
    • De Gaulle’s clarification of, 186–189, 191–196, 216–219, 220–221
    • Lodge-De Gaulle consultation re, proposed, 183–184, 185, 186
    • Rusk-Alphand consultation re, 533–534, 536
    • Rusk-Couve consultation re, 234–236
    • U.S. request for clarification, 102–103, 104, 107–108, 132–133, 140–141
  • Lippmann’s position, 400
  • Lodge’s objections to, 186–189
  • Lodge’s plan for neutralization of DRV, 229–230
  • McCone’s positron, 124
  • McNamara’s positron, 158
  • Minh government and, 54
  • negative consequences for U.S., 14, 15
  • Soviet positron, 9–10
  • Thant’s positron, 645
  • U.S. policy, 32, 56, 57–58, 109, 191–193, 217
  • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 32–33
  • Vietnamese (DRV) position, 83
  • Vietnamese (RVN) position, 102–103, 745
• New York Times, 259, 504
• New Zealand, 971, 979, 980
• Ngo Dinh Can, 257, 263, 264, 265–267
• Ngo Dinh Diem, 134–135, 381, 865
• Ngo Gia Hy, 825
• Nguyen Cao Ky, Air Vice Marshal, 577, 765, 770, 790–791, 1055
  • civilian government of Vietnam:
    • pledge of support for, 860
    • “Young Turks” coup attempt, 1015
  • Commander in Chief, consideration as, 1024
  • Taylor’s conflict with generals, 1048n
• Nguyen Chanh Thi, Gen., 434, 770, 791, 1015, 1024
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen, 825
• Nguyen Duy Lien, 237n
• Nguyen Huu Chau, 695
• Nguyen Huu Co, Gen., 1030
• Nguyen Khanh, Maj. Gen. (see also Khanh coup; Khanh government), 45, 95, 102, 224
  • Buddhist-Catholic conflict, 315–316, 321, 325, 413, 540–541
  • Cambodia, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 246
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • free world operations against, plan for, 667
    • U.S. contacts with, 577
  • Civil Guard, Army status for, 144
  • civilian government of Vietnam:
    • formation of, 729–732, 817, 818–819, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827–830, 833–835, 836–838, 841–842, 843–845, 846
    • military, relations with, 860–861
    • ministerial appointments, 860
    • pledge of support to, 859
    • plotting against, 908, 911, 1008
    • U.S. efforts to strengthen, 982–984, 987–989
    • “Young Turks” coup attempt, 1015, 1016, 1019, 1020–1023, 1027–1028, 1030, 1031–1032, 1033, 1041–1042, 1046, 1047
  • Commander in Chief position, 829, 844, 959, 999, 1008
  • communist insurgency:
    • Bien Hoa airfield, attack on, 879–880
    • psychological impact of successes, 539
    • reserve forces, 407–408
  • counterinsurgency operations:
    • command and control system, 419
    • communications security, 321
    • conventional tactics issue, 666, 667
    • disbursement of funds problem, 320
    • improvements in, 946–947
    • National Pacification Plan, 321
    • provincial troubleshooting, 819
    • Saigon-area initiative, 776
  • coup against Diem, 135
  • field trips, 540, 594–595
  • France:
    • operations against RVN, 264, 265
    • relations with RVN, 245–246
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, U.S.-RVN consultations re, 614, 623, 627–628, 630
  • Harkins’ assessment of, 43
  • Health problems, 262–263, 719
  • Laos:
    • conference on, proposed, 655
    • U.S.-RVN incursions into, 247, 407, 408
  • Lodge’s assessment of, 413
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (March 1964), 141, 142–145
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 315–321
  • media of RVN, 316
  • military colleges, standing with, 1028, 1029–1030
  • Minh, campaign against, 671, 710–711, 721
  • Minh’s appropriation of money, 381
  • Minh’s assessment of, 138
  • Neutral solution for Vietnam, 192n , 194
  • Ngo Dinh Can’s death sentence, 263
  • political adviser for, 126
  • political skills, 830–832
  • press officer for, 383
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
    • command structure, 667–668, 731
    • desertions, 541–542
    • generals’ trial, 264, 346n , 380–381, 391n , 406, 411
    • incompetents, replacement of, 320
    • intelligence organization, 665–666
    • morale problems, 564, 946
    • period of service issue, 143
    • recruiting for, 541
    • reorganization proposals, 1009
    • U.S. schooling for officers, 731
  • resignation offers, 717–718, 1022–1023
  • Rusk, meetings with, 244–248, 405–412
  • Self-Defense Corps, 142–143
  • self-perception, 666, 667, 668
  • Taylor, relations with, 805
  • Taylor’s conflict with generals, 1041n , 1042, 1054–1055
  • third country assistance for Vietnam, 320
    • SEATO countries, 246–247
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 988–989
  • U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam, 277–278
  • U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 278
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • force increase to 22,000, 569n , 576
    • ground forces, 286, 293, 294, 302–303
  • U.S. presidential letter to, 722, 728–729, 771
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 244, 325
    • civilian government’s position, 947
    • covert operations, 152, 171
    • governmental stability in RVN and, 318
    • nuclear weapons issue, 410
    • political moves in support of military actions, 208
    • psychological benefits, 318, 407
    • support for, 141, 407
    • tit-for-tat military actions, 577–578
    • U.S. protection of RVN against reprisal, 328
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 49, 578, 595, 649, 650–651
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 409
    • Vietnamese (RVN) pressure on U.S. for, 558, 563–566
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN penetration of government, 409
  • war footing for Vietnam, 408–409
    • abandonment of, 578–579
    • national mobilization proposal, 142–145
    • proposal for, 284–287, 317–318
  • Nguyen Luu Vien, Gen., 775, 777, 787, 833, 836, 842, 844–845, 890, 891–892, 911, 945, 947, 982, 987, 998, 1016, 1017, 1033, 1041n , 1046n , 1047
  • Nguyen Ngoc Bich, 695
  • Nguyen Ngoc Tho, 16, 19, 28, 31, 32, 40, 46
  • Nguyen Ton Hoan, 64, 121, 138, 164n , 257, 362, 392, 415, 499, 696–697, 704, 725–726, 730
  • Nguyen Van Hinh, Gen., 36, 695
  • Nguyen Van Huyen, 825
  • Nguyen Van Luc, 825
  • Nguyen Van Thieu, Brig. Gen., 138, 143, 164n , 649, 726
    • civilian government of Vietnam, “Young Turks” coup attempt against, 1015, 1056
    • Commander in Chief, consideration as, 1024, 1030
    • Khanh government:
      • Buddhist opposition, 696, 697
      • coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 790
      • reorganization program, 708
    • Taylor’s conflict with generals, 1048n , 1053, 1055
  • Nguyen Van Vinh, Lt. Gen., 82–83
  • Nguyen Van Vy, Gen., 37, 285, 406, 411, 435
  • Nguyen Van Xuan, 695
  • Nguyen Xuan Chu, 891
  • Nguyen Xuan Oanh, 64, 121, 164n , 203, 324, 391n , 670, 717, 720, 726, 729, 755, 775, 787–788, 1053, 1054, 1055
  • Nhut. See Ho Van Nhut.
  • Nielsen, Sivert A., 636
  • Nittis, Monsignor de, 347
  • Nixon, Richard M., 389
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 69, 70, 328, 611, 919
  • NSC Working Group on Vietnam, 895
    • appointment of, 886
    • basic issues between options, 938–939, 943–944
    • “continue present policies” option, 920, 921–922
      • issues concerning execution, 940–941
      • JCS positron, 933, 934
    • “Courses of Action” paper, 916–929
      • JCS positioon, 932–935
    • “fast, unyielding pressure” option, 920, 923–925, 941, 944
      • JCS positron, 933, 934–935
    • immediate actions, 928–929, 940, 944, 960, 964
      • thirty-day action program, 971–974
    • meetings, 910n , 943–945, 958–960, 964–965, 974
    • members of, 886–887
    • negotiations option, omission of, 912–914, 915
    • policy options:
      • Ball’s paper on, 812–813
      • W. Bundy’s paper on, 813
    • Position Paper on Southeast Asia, 965, 969–974, 984
    • progress reports on deliberations, 914–916
    • “progressive pressure and talk” option, 920, 925–928
      • discussions on, 959–960
      • issues concerning execution, 941–942, 944–945
      • JCS position, 933, 934
    • Project Outline, 887–888
    • Taylor’s meetings with, 958–960, 974
  • Taylor’s questions about options, 960–961
  • Nu, U, 643
  • Nuclear weapons issue, 244, 250, 378, 410, 679–680
  • Oanh. See Nguyen Xuan Oanh .
  • O’Brien, Lawrence, 6n
  • Pakistan, 240
  • Partitioning of RVN, proposed, 12–13
  • Peace Corps, RVN, 24n
  • Peace Corps, U.S., 261, 273
  • Pearson, Lester B., 253, 270, 281, 394–396
  • Pham Dang Lam, 16, 28, 30n , 32, 45, 708, 823–824, 836
  • Pham Khac Rau, 447, 693–696
  • Pham Khac Suu, 823, 936, 946, 948n
    • civilian government of Vietnam:
      • Chief of State post, 845–846, 858
      • formation of, 824, 825, 826, 827, 835, 844, 845–846
      • installation of, 858–859
      • “Young Turks” coup attempt, 1016, 1019, 1021, 1033–1034
      • popular attitude toward, 889
  • Pham Ngoc Thao, Col., 671, 726, 732, 743
  • Pham Thai, 254, 392
  • Pham Van Dong, 525, 543, 653n , 1030
  • Pham Xuan Chieu, Gen., 31
  • Phan Ba Cam, 1005
  • Phan Huy Quat, 244, 488, 542, 775n , 787, 841n , 891
    • counterinsurgency operations, 448
    • French-RVN relations, 239–240, 246
    • Humphrey, meeting with, 478n
    • Johnson, L. B., meeting with, 447–448
    • removal from office, proposed, 670, 671
    • Rusk, meetings with, 237–238, 447n
    • Rusk-Khanh meetings, 244
  • Phan Van Giao, 695
  • Phat. See Lam Van Phat, Gen.
  • Philippines, 486, 918, 972
  • Philips, Richard I., 69
  • Phillips, Rufus, 477n , 484, 1040
  • Phnoc, Col., 256
  • Pinay, Antoine, 220
  • Plei Krong, fighting at, 549
  • Poats, Rutherford M., 22n , 25, 51n , 337n , 571n
  • Political settlement in Vietnam, U.S. consideration of, 518–520
  • Political situation in Vietnam (see also Civilian government of Vietnam; Khanh government; Minh government), 126
    • civil administrative services, 203, 273, 278, 314
    • Councils of Notables in villages, 20, 22, 26, 498–499
    • Peace corps program, 24n
    • precinct organization, 6–7, 16–19
    • propaganda efforts, 85, 88, 100–101
  • Position Paper on Southeast Asia:
    • approval of, 974, 984
    • draft paper, 965
    • text of, 969–974
  • Powell, Herbert B., 981
  • Proctor, Carolyn J., 173n , 606n , 625n , 645n
  • Pye, Lucian W., 59
  • Quyen. See Le Khac Quygen.
  • Read, Benjamin, 68, 105, 107n , 397, 914
  • Reedy, George, 662, 969
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF) (see also Khanh coup):
    • Air Force, aircraft upgrades for, 163, 203–204, 311, 319, 329, 501, 739
    • capabilities of, 505–506
    • civilian government, relations with, 860–861, 1008–1009
    • command structure, 419, 482–484, 667–668, 731, 795–796, 813–814
    • communist penetration of, 263
    • coup attempt of Sept. 13, 764–772, 774–775, 789–792
    • coup plots against Khanh, 122, 322, 434–436, 726–727, 743
    • desertions, 310, 541–542, 660–661, 808
    • effectiveness, U.S. advisers to report on, 309–310
    • force increases, 203, 319, 320, 324
    • generals’ arrest and trial, 42, 137–138, 139, 264, 346n , 380–381, 391, 406, 411
    • housing problem, 420
    • intelligence organization, 253, 660, 665–666, 739
    • Khanh’s successor as Commander in Chief, 1024, 1030–1031
    • logistic system, 740
    • manpower situation, 310, 738, 803
    • materiel for, 204
    • McCone’s assessment of, 122
    • morale problems, 122, 417, 420, 564, 660–661, 807–808, 946
      • Westmoreland’s assessment of, 737
    • national mobilization proposal, 142–145, 161–162, 202
    • Navy, 739
    • paramilitary forces (see also specific forces), 162–163
    • pay increases, 93
    • people, relations with, 479–480, 481
    • period of service issue, 143
    • recruiting for, 419–420, 541
    • regional forces, 541
    • reorganization proposals, 1009
    • resource management, 417
    • training for, 324–325
    • unity concerns, 406–407
    • U.S. advice, rejection of, 79
    • U.S. integration into command structure. See Integration into government structure under U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam.
    • U.S. schooling for officers, 731
    • “Young Turks” coup attempt. See under Civilian government of Vietnam.
  • Robinson, June M., 634n
  • Rostow, Walt R., 60
    • Gulf of Tonkin events:
      • policy consequences for U.S., 641–642
      • Vietnamese (DRV) intentions in attacking U.S. ships, 639–640
      • Vietnamese (DRV) response to U.S. reprisals, 640–641
    • neutral solution for Vietnam, 15
    • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 906–907
    • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against:
      • contingency planning, 75
      • Cuban situation and, 105
      • implications of, 782–785, 906–907
      • support for, 15–16, 72–74
      • tit-for-tat military actions, 784
      • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic perception of U.S. intentions, 561–562
      • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic relations and, 81–82
  • Rowan, Carl T., 172, 447n , 1012n
    • Gulf of Tonkin events, 612, 631
    • Honolulu meetings June 1964), 429–430, 431
    • U.S. information programs and policies in U.S., 523
    • U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam:
      • communications czar, 430, 431, 454
      • coordination of operations, 384
      • credibility concerns, 430
      • heroism awards, 452–453
      • information advisers in military units, 452, 455
      • media coverage of Vietnam and, 261, 384, 454–455
      • press officer for Khanh, 383
      • psychological warfare campaign, 254–255, 259, 269, 274, 429–430, 450–455
      • radios for villages, 452
      • rural opinion, studies re, 544–545
      • song for RVN, 453
      • Vietnam (DRV), broadcasts into, 173, 382, 383, 453
      • Vietnamese (RVN) cooperation with, 384–385
      • Vietnamese (RVN) leaders, promotion of, 451–452
      • youth programs, 453
    • U.S. policy in Vietnam:
      • checklist of progress, 489
      • funds and personnel for, 269, 474
  • Rowen, Henry, 206
  • Rusk, Dean (see also Rusk mission), 1n , 42n , 61, 69, 93, 130, 167n , 184n , 189n , 305n , 391–392, 393n , 400, 520, 656
    • Alliance for Progress, 812
    • ambassador to Saigon, selection of, 279, 476
    • Cambodia:
      • communists, dealings with, 246
      • U.S.-RVN incursions into, 151, 330
    • China, People’s Republic of:
      • Conflict with U.S., attitude toward, 252
      • U.S. contacts with, 535, 537
      • U.S. policy on Vietnam, position on, 537, 557
    • civilian government of Vietnam:
      • formation of, 815–818, 840–841
      • U.S. protection from coup, request for, 1048
      • “Young Turks” coup attempt, 1018, 1023–1026, 1028–1029, 1035, 1038–1039, 1044–1046, 1048
    • communist insurgency, 82–83
    • congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy, 72, 369
      • early resolution, decision against, 490–491, 492
      • requirements for, 432
    • counterinsurgency operations:
      • airfield security, 882
      • Chinese Nationalist troops for, 252
      • CIA assessment of, 84
      • command and control system, 795–796
      • covert checking of reporting on, 5
      • deterioration of RVN position, 336, 423
      • political orientation, 63
    • Couve, meeting with, 234–236
    • France:
      • negotiations policy for Vietnam, 258
      • Vietnam (RVN), relations with, 53, 232–233, 239–240, 245–246
    • generals’ trial, 380, 391
    • Geneva Accords, election violation issue, 991–992
    • Gulf of Tonkin events, 639
      • congressional leaders, briefings for, 600, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620
      • evidence for U.S. version of events, 644–645
      • Maddox, attack on (Aug. 2), 590, 592, 602–603
      • Maddox and C. Turner Joy, attack on (Aug. 4), 607, 608
      • Morton and Edwards, possible attack on (Sept. 18), 778, 779–780
      • retaliations for attacks, 603, 606, 607, 608, 610, 611
      • U.N. actions re, 625, 628–630, 635
      • U.S.-DRV communications re, 651–653
      • U.S. notification of other countries re, 621–622
      • U.S. rules of reconnaissance and engagement, 598
      • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 614
    • Gulf of Tonkin resolution, 612
      • hearings on, 634, 642
      • passage of, 653
    • Hilsman’s parting memoranda, 176, 179
    • Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 412, 414, 415, 416, 420, 422, 423–428, 431, 432, 433, 442
    • Humphrey-Quat meeting, 478n
    • international conference on Vietnam, proposed, 556–557, 573
    • Khanh, meetings with, 244–248, 405–412
    • Khanh coup, 43
    • Khanh government:
      • ambassadors, 411
      • counterinsurgency policy, 47–48
      • coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 764, 766–767
      • coups against, possible, 322, 435n
      • Khanh’s absence from Saigon, 721–722
      • Minh’s role, 569
      • neutralist sympathizers in, 562–563
      • politics, preoccupation with, 392
      • provincial administration, 245
      • reorganization program, 498, 499n , 670, 707, 709
      • transition period, U.S. recommendation for, 51–52, 53
      • unity concerns, 405–406
      • U.S. policy toward, 797, 798
    • Laos:
      • communist infiltration, 109
      • regional settlement and, 557
      • settlement in, possible, 236, 250, 369, 370
      • U.S. policy toward, 497
    • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 151, 247
      • air strikes, 474–475, 574–575
      • ground operations, 575
      • U.S.-Laotian consultations re, 433
    • Lodge-Harkins relationship, 298–299
    • Lodge’s resignation, 521, 522n
    • Minh’s appropriation of money, 381
    • National Security Action Memorandum 314, 758
      • administration review of, 751, 752, 753
    • neutral solution for Vietnam:
      • China, People’s Republic’s role in, 234–235
      • De Gaulle’s clarification of French policy, 186, 189n , 191n , 195–196, 220
      • French policy, 107–108, 234–236, 533–534, 536
      • Soviet position, 9–10
      • U.S. policy, 32, 57–58, 109
    • NSC Working Group on Vietnam, 895
      • basic issues between options, 938
      • meetings, 943, 958
      • negotiations option, omission of, 915
      • policy option papers, 812, 813
      • progress reports on deliberations, 914–915, 916
    • Position Paper on Southeast Asia, 969n
    • Quat, meetings with, 237–238, 447n
    • SEATO, 236
      • Ministerial Council meeting, 239–240
    • Southeast Asia:
      • French policy toward, 533–537, 554–557
      • U.S.-U.K. consultations re, 68–70
    • Sullivan Committee. 80n
    • Taylor’s ambassadorial instructions, 974n
    • Taylor’s conflict with generals, 1036–1039, 1044–1045, 1048
    • Taylor’s Washington visits:
      • Sept. 1964, 746n , 749
      • Nov.-Dec. 1964, 909–910, 965
    • third country assistance for Vietnam:
      • civil positions, 427
      • NATO countries, 328
      • SEATO countries, 246–247
      • Taylor-Johnson meeting re, 967
      • U.K. contribution, 985–986
      • U.S. promotion of, 331, 332
    • U.S.-Communist mutual withdrawal, proposed, 128
    • U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam:
      • funding increases, 337–338
      • health programs, 261
      • “progress after pacification” demonstration projects, 571–573
      • rural development programs, 340–341
    • U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam:
      • “brain trust” advisers, 22–24
      • integration into government structure, 431
      • request for suggestions, 344–346
    • U.S. information programs and policies in U.S., 523
    • U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam:
      • communications czar, 471–472
      • optimistic interpretation of events, 373
      • psychological warfare campaign, 259
      • Vietnam (DRV), broadcasts into, 173
    • U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 337–338
    • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
      • force increase to 22,000, 547, 570
      • French position, 534
      • ground forces, 293
      • legal basis for sending forces to Vietnam, 532
    • U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
      • Deputy Chief of Mission, 441
      • U. A. Johnson’s assessment of, 937
    • U.S. policy in Vietnam:
      • checklist of progress, 489
      • commitment to Vietnam, 488, 489, 518
      • funds and personnel for, 259, 260, 262, 272, 273, 337–338, 474, 753
      • Mansfield’s policy suggestions, 2n , 911
      • objectives of, 10–11
      • sphere of influence issue, 555
      • strategic importance of Vietnam, 753
      • U.S.-Soviet consultation re, 990–993
    • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 15, 16n , 27n , 34n , 35, 105, 244
    • Bien Hoa attack, proposed retaliation for, 875n , 876–879, 881–882
    • contingency planning, 63, 75
    • covert operations, 4–5, 646, 663
    • deniability issue, 349
    • French position, 464
    • governmental stability in RVN and, 895–896
    • implications of, 782, 906n
    • military options, 370, 371
    • naval operations, 251, 253, 780
    • nuclear weapons issue, 244, 410
    • political moves in support of military actions, 208n
    • psychological benefits, 407, 456
    • retaliation for attacks on U.S. personnel, 875n , 876–879, 881–882, 1045–1046, 1052–1053, 1057
    • U.S. dependents in Vietnam and, 371
    • U.S. presidential politics and, 878
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 570, 587
    • U.S.-U.K. consultations re, 108–109
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic perception of U.S. intentions, 561
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic relations and, 81
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 371
    • Vietnamese (RVN) pressure on U.S. re, 558, 569–571
    • warnings of attacks, 410
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts, 9
    • Canadian intermediary, decision on, 253, 259
    • Gulf of Tonkin events, messages re, 651–653
    • instructions for intermediary, 281–282, 348, 351
    • Khanh not informed of, 293
    • Lodge’s recommendations, 335
    • Thant’s efforts re, 957
  • Vietnam visit in late 1964, proposed, 811–812
  • war footing for Vietnam, 284, 287, 291–293
• Rusk mission (April 1964):
  • Khanh, meeting with, 244–248
  • Lodge, meeting with, 241–242, 248–253
  • preparations for, 230–232, 233
  • report on, 258–259
• Russell, Richard, 350, 475, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621
• Saigon:
  • communist activity in, 412
  • communist air attack, possible, 409
  • development program for, 596
• Saigon-area military initiative (Hop Tac), 660, 662, 738, 752, 776–777, 814, 859
• Saigon evacuation plan, 284–285, 292, 294, 295
• Salans, Carl F., 234, 532n
• Saltonstall, Leverett, 223, 330, 332, 475, 616, 617, 618, 619, 621
• Schlie, Norb, 532n
• Seaborn, J. Blair, 394, 395n , 543, 544, 546, 651, 653n , 1052
  • instructions for meetings with DRV officials, 281–282, 348, 352–353, 978–979
  • meetings with DRV officials, 525–526, 978n
• Self-Defense Corps:
  • force increases, 319, 320, 324
  • period of service, 143
  • personnel requirements, 142–143
  • reconstitution of, 162
  • recruiting for, 420
• Sharp, Vice Adm. Ulysses S. G., Jr., 295, 422, 428, 689n , 1060n , 1063n
  • airfield security, 680–681, 885
  • Gulf of Tonkin events:
    • Maddox and C. Turner Joy, attack on (Aug. 4), 607
    • Retaliations for attacks, 593, 610, 624–625, 626
    • U.S. patrols, resumption of (Aug. 2), 591
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against:
    • Bien Hoa attack, proposed retaliation for, 875, 876n , 881, 885–886
    • governmental stability in RVN and, 838
    • graduated action plan, 930–932
    • naval patrols, 669n
    • retaliation for attacks on U.S. personnel, 1044n
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 649
• Shenstone, Michael, 543, 544
• Shriver, Sargeant, 273n , 274, 472–473
• Sibley, Maj. Gen. Alden K., 665–668
• Sihanouk, Prince Norodom, 94, 168, 176–177, 214, 246, 884
• Siho Lamphouthacoul, Gen., 276, 433
• Silver, Sol, 360
• Smart, Gen. Jacob E., 295, 421
• Smith, Bromley, 104, 130–131, 153n , 170n , 222n , 276n , 328n , 369n , 474, 487n , 608, 611n , 632, 707, 914n , 1052n , 1057n
• Smith, Walter Bedell, 279, 476
• Smith, Col. William Y., 174n , 196n , 197, 198–199, 342–343, 631–632
• Solbert, Peter, 25, 59, 248, 598, 600–601
• Southeast Asia:
  • “domino effect” in, 484–487
  • French policy on, 107–108, 533–537, 554–557
  • military cordon proposal, 482
  • U.S.-U.K. consultations re, 68–70
• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 224, 236, 482
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 610, 611, 633
  • military assistance for RVN, 246–247
  • Ministerial Council meeting, 239–240, 258
  • U.S. operations against DRV and, 376–377
  • Vietnamese (RVN) policy toward, 237n
• Souvanna Phouma, 62, 109, 168, 205n , 214, 215, 370, 402, 557, 574, 579, 580, 581, 655, 674–675, 812, 1011
  • Soviet Union:
    • Gulf of Tonkin events, 633, 635, 636–638, 648
    • international conference on Vietnam, proposed, 573
  • Laos:
    • Conference on, proposed, 675
    • U.S.-RVN incursions, response to, 587
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 9–10
  • Position Paper on Southeast Asia and, 972
  • U.S. operations against DRV, response to, 105–106, 117, 366–367, 380, 587
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, consultations with U.S. re, 990–993
• Spain, 647
• Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 25–26
• Special Group on covert programs, 5
• Special National Intelligence Estimates:
  • 50–64 (Feb. 22, 1964), 71–72
  • 50–2-64 (May 25, 1964), 378–380
  • 53–64 (Sept. 8, 1964), 742–746
  • 53–2-64 (Oct. 1, 1964), 806–811
• State of emergency in Vietnam, 578, 651
• Stevenson, Adlai E., 625, 628, 635, 636, 643, 645, 654, 957
• Stilwell, Maj. Gen. Richard G., 79, 360, 552n , 708, 764
• Stoneman, Walter G., 53n , 337n , 340n , 397, 398
• Strategic hamlet program, 18, 25, 26, 51, 545
  • deterioration of, 77–78, 85, 86, 180, 479
  • personnel requirements, 142–143
  • revitalization of, 126, 162, 416–417
• Stromberg, Brig. Gen. W. W., 134–139
• Students in Vietnam, 1007–1008
• Sullivan, William H., 68, 81n , 84n , 104, 105, 108n , 195n , 198n , 229, 255n , 261, 272n , 291, 337n , 340n , 447, 487–488, 646n , 798, 804n , 805
  • agricultural situation in Vietnam, 501–502
  • Air Force, RVN, 501
  • civilian government of Vietnam, 823–825, 836
  • communist insurgency, 489
  • congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy, 432–433
  • counterinsurgency operations:
    • critical provinces, focus on, 488, 501
    • National Pacification Plan, 505
    • population control, 302
  • Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 423, 432–433
  • Khanh government:
    • coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 764
    • information programs, 502
    • Minh’s role, 268
    • popular attitude toward, 269
    • reorganization program, 682–683
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 215, 475
  • MACV command change, 200
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (March 1964), 133n
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 304–308, 313
  • Montagnards, 503
  • morale problem in Vietnam, 488–489, 504–505
  • political settlement in Vietnam, 518–520
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 505–506
  • Sullivan Committee, appointment of, 80
  • third country assistance for Vietnam, 268, 502, 526–527
  • U.S. dependents in Vietnam, 503
  • U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 501–502
  • U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam, 301, 350, 359–362, 371, 372, 373, 397, 502–504
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • ground forces, 302–303
    • naval presence, 270, 503
  • U.S. Mission in Vietnam, 269
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, 299–301, 488, 489, 504, 518–520
  • Vietnam assignment, 543n
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 75, 174, 300
    • air strikes, 326
    • economic initiatives, 270
    • “live plan” status, 272
    • naval operations, 270
    • negotiations, relation to, 519–520
    • political moves in support of military actions, 206, 242
    • Soviet response, 105–106
    • tit-for-tat military actions, 271–272
    • U.S. public statements on, 189–190
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts, 395n
    • instructions for intermediary, 281n , 351–355
    • Pearson contacted about, 270
    • U.S.-Canadian consultations re, 544n , 546
  • Vietnam situation, assessment of, 500–507
  • war footing for Vietnam:
    • diplomatic actions, 301–302
    • Khanh’s proposal for, 291n
    • urban centers, focus on, 301
• Sullivan Committee, 59, 61, 68, 79–80, 93, 291
• Suu. See Pham Khac Suu .
• Sylvester, Arthur, 133n , 134, 313, 441
• Tam, Gen., 731
• Tam Chau, 415, 697, 698, 701, 702, 728, 831, 911, 1001
• Tanham, George, 360
• Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D. (see also McNamara-Taylor mission headings), 84n , 93, 99, 134n , 668, 723
  • Air Force, RVN, 311
  • ambassador, appointment as, 523–524, 530–531
  • ambassadorial instructions, 530, 538, 974–978
  • anti-American sentiment in Vietnam, 804
  • Buddhist-Catholic conflict, 540–541
  • Cambodia, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 110–111, 150, 884
  • China, People’s Republic of, U.S. contacts with, 577
  • Civil Guard, 144
  • civilian government of Vietnam:
    • alternatives to, 952
    • assessment of, 888–890, 949–950
    • Buddhist opposition, 995, 999, 1000–1003, 1032
    • formation of, 803, 815, 818–819, 822–830, 832–838, 840, 841–846
    • Huong’s assessment of, 890–892
    • installation of, 858–859
    • Khanh’s plotting against, 908, 911
    • military, relations with, 860–861
    • ministerial appointments, 860
    • minority groups, relations with, 908, 935–936, 1000–1009
    • National Assembly, 911
    • objectives, short-term, 896–899
    • U.S. efforts to strengthen, 951–952, 958–959, 965–966, 968, 975–976, 982–984, 987–989, 998–1000
    • U.S. integration into, 910–911
    • U.S. protection from coup, request for, 1047
    • “Young Turks” coup attempt, 1014–1023, 1026–1028, 1033–1034, 1046–1047, 1060–1063
  • communist insurgency:
    • Bien Hoa airfield, attack on, 873, 879–880
    • casualties suffered, 909
    • intensification in July, 548–552
    • recuperative powers, 950, 951
    • troop strength, 547
  • congressional resolution on Southeast
    • Asia policy, 432
  • counterinsurgency operations:
    • command and control system, 813–814
    • communications security, 321
    • defense against ground attacks, 686, 688
    • deterioration of RVN positron, 948–949
    • government stability in RVN, relation to, 951, 952
    • ground operations, U.S. evaluation of, 802
    • guerrilla tactics, 554
    • JCS recommendations for actions, 86–89, 850n , 883
    • L. B. Johnson, meeting with, 966–967, 968
    • provincial troubleshooting, 814–815, 819
    • psywar-civic action program in provinces, 997–998
    • Saigon-area initiative, 752, 776–777, 814, 859
    • U.S. ambassadors’ meeting re, 820–821
    • Westmoreland’s assessment of, 736
  • generals, conflict with, 1014–1016, 1020–1023, 1032, 1033, 1036–1039, 1041–1042, 1044–1048, 1053–1055
  • Gulf of Tonkin events:
    • Maddox, attack on (Aug. 2), 589
    • retaliations for attacks, 593–594, 603, 610
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 614, 623, 627–628, 630
  • High National Council, 825–827, 838n , 845–846
  • Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 419, 420, 421, 423, 424, 425, 426, 428, 431, 432, 433
  • Huong, assessment of, 892
  • U. A. Johnson’s assessment of, 937
  • Khanh, relations with, 805
  • Khanh government:
    • ambassadors, 542
    • Buddhist opposition, 696–699, 701–705, 711–712
    • coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 766, 770–772, 774–775, 789–792
    • coups against, possible, 726–727, 788–789
    • Dai Viet threat to, 719, 720
    • future prospects, 733–734
    • instability of, 565, 787–789, 803
    • Khanh’s absence from Saigon, 719–721, 727–729
    • Minh’s expulsion from, 595
    • neutralist sympathizers in, 562
    • proposals for dealing with, 689–693
    • reorganization program, 578, 672, 682–684, 703–705, 707–708, 710–713, 717–718, 724–727, 729–733
    • succession issue, 627–628
    • U.S. policy toward, 797, 798–801
  • Khanh’s standing with military colleagues, 1029–1030
  • Laos, 370
    • conference on, proposed, 654–656
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 110–111
    • air strikes, 574, 579, 582–583, 761–763, 820–821, 892–894
    • bridgeheads, establishment of, 685
    • ground operations, 761–763, 893
    • intelligence operations, 428
    • parachute drops, 685
    • planning and training for, 528–530
    • reconnaissance flights, 311
    • timetable for, 433
    • U.S. ambassadors’ meeting re, 820–821
    • U.S. assistance for Laotian aircraft, 821
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 685, 688
  • media coverage of Vietnam, 552n
  • Minh, assessment of, 721
  • Montagnards, revolt against RVN authority, 785–786, 802
  • National Security Action Memorandum 314
    • administration review of, 750–751, 752, 753, 754
    • politico-military coordination on, 772–773
  • NSC Working Group on Vietnam, 895
    • meetings with, 958–960, 974
    • questions about options, 960–961
  • reports from Vietnam, quality of, 552–553
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
  • desertions, 541–542
    • effectiveness, U.S. advisers to report on, 310
    • Khanh’s successor as Commander in Chief, 1030–1031
    • manpower situation, 803
    • morale problems, 564
    • period of service issue, 143
    • recruiting for, 541
    • reorganization proposals, 1009
  • strategic hamlet program, 26
  • third country assistance for Vietnam:
    • flood relief, 903, 909
    • progress report on, 839–840
    • L. B. Johnson, meeting with, 967
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 988–989
  • U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam:
    • employment programs, 803–804
    • flood relief, 901–902, 908, 909
    • “progress after pacification” demonstration projects, 596–597
    • Socioeconomic action program, 757
  • U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam, 372, 751
  • U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 373, 431
  • U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, preconditions for, 861
  • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
    • command of U.S. ground forces, 687
    • flood relief personnel, 901–902
    • force increase to 22,000, 547–548, 553–554, 569n , 576
  • U.S. Mission Council, 539
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam:
    • courses of action reports, 689–693, 733–736
    • defeat, consequences of, 734
    • funds and personnel for, 753
    • strategic importance of Vietnam, 752
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 73, 97, 342, 976–977
    • accelerated program of actions, 692–693, 734–736
    • air strikes, 458, 687, 688, 690, 691–692, 750, 753
    • Bien Hoa attack, proposed retaliation for, 873–875, 878, 879–880
    • contingency planning, 112–118, 170
    • “controlled escalation” scenario, 952–957
    • covert operations, 338–340, 646–647, 693, 897
    • deniability issue, 309
    • destruction of DRV will and capabilities, 457
    • governmental stability in RVN and, 318, 899–900
    • implications of, 880
    • JCS recommendations for actions, 850n , 882–884
    • military options, 170, 370, 444
    • naval operations, 669, 883–884
    • objectives and courses of action, 436–437, 457–458
    • political moves in support of military actions, 214
    • psychological benefits, 897, 952
    • reaction times for operations, 170
    • retaliation for attacks on U.S. personnel, 873–875, 878, 879–880, 1043–1044, 1049, 1057
    • target selection, 371
    • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 567–568, 570, 578, 595, 687, 688
    • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 329
    • Vietnamese (RVN) pressure on U.S. for, 558, 563–568
    • war footing for Vietnam and, 318
  • Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts, 544n , 546, 953–954
  • war footing for Vietnam, 144, 287n , 295, 318
  • Washington visit (Sept. 1964), 707, 733n
    • congressional leaders, meetings with, 754n
    • meetings, 746n , 749–755
  • Washington visit (Nov.-Dec. 1964):
    • congressional leaders, meetings with, 974
    • L. B. Johnson, meeting with, 965–969
    • NSC Working Group on Vietnam meetings, 958–960, 974
    • preparations for, 945–948
    • report on Vietnam situation, 948–957
    • schedule for, 909–910
• Templer, Gen. Sir Gerald W. R., 181
• Thailand, 15, 124, 177, 439
  • communist victory in Vietnam, consequences of, 485–486, 918
  • Laos, concerns about, 332
  • Position Paper on Southeast Asia and, 971
  • U.S. military deployments in, 176, 178, 511
• Thanat Khoman, 240, 247
• Thang, Col., 649
• Thanom, 610
• Thant, U, 410, 957–958
  • Geneva Accords, 645
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, 625
  • Ho Chi Minh, assessment of, 643–644
  • Johnson, L. B., meeting with, 643–645
• Thao. See Pham Ngoc Thao, Col.
• Thi. See Nguyen Chanh Thi, Gen.
• Thien Minh, 697, 698, 701
• Thieu. See Nguyen Van Thieu, Brig. Gen.
• Third country assistance for Vietnam, 268, 320
  • civil positrons, 361, 427
  • Flood relief, 903, 909
  • Lodge’s European trip to promote, 647
  • military forces, 246–247, 459, 482
  • NATO countries, 328
  • Position Paper on Southeast Asia and, 971–972
  • progress report on, 839–840
  • SEATO countries, 246–247
  • Taylor-L. B. Johnson meeting re, 967
  • Taylor’s instructions re, 977–978
  • U.K. contribution, 981–982, 985–986
  • U.S. promotion of, 330–331, 332, 502, 526–527, 647, 980
  • U.S. quid pro quos for, 982
  • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 988–989
  • Vietnamese (RVN) efforts re, 448, 552
• Thompson, Llewellyn, 561n , 636n , 782n , 778, 982, 990
• Thompson, R. G. K., 79, 163, 361, 397–398, 423, 985–986
• Thomson, James C., Jr., 189, 706n , 914n
• Throckmorton, Lt. Gen. John L., 628, 1014, 1015, 1030, 1041, 1048
• Thu, Gen., 841, 842
• Ticonderoga, U.S.S., 589, 590, 604, 601n , 626
• Ton, Col., 726, 770, 774, 790
• Ton That Dinh, Maj. Gen., 668, 671, 672
  • arrest and trial of, 137, 138, 139, 264, 346n , 380–381, 406, 411
  • coup against Diem, 135
  • coup against Khanh, possible, 434–436
• Tran Ba Thanh, Col., 811
• Tran Chanh Thanh, 682
• Tran Dinh Lam, Lt. Col., 36, 41, 380–381
• Tran Le Quang, 683
• Tran Ngoc Oanh, 64
• Tran Quang Vinh, 825
• Tran Quoc Buu, 53, 269, 341, 414, 423, 668, 720, 788
• Tran Thien Khiem, Lt. Gen., 38, 40, 41, 141, 164n , _47, 362, 381, 627, 628, 667, 694, 728, 788
  • coup against Diem, 135
  • Khanh government:
    • Buddhist opposition, 696, 697, 702
    • coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 790
    • Defense Minister post, 64
    • reorganization program, 708, 711
    • triumvirate leadership, 730
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 310
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 630, 649, 650
• Tran Van Do, 711, 860, 891
• Tran Van Don, Gen., 16, 245, 266, 668, 671, 672, 844
  • arrest and trial of, 42, 137, 138, 139, 264, 346n , 380–381, 406, 411
  • counterinsurgency operations, 136
  • coup against Diem, 135
  • coup against Khanh, possible, 434–436
  • economic situation in Vietnam, 19
  • neutralist sympathies, 36, 37, 38, 39, 54
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 31, 49
• Tran Van Huang, 860, 901n
  • civilian government of Vietmam:
    • assessment of, 890–892, 946
    • formation of, 832, 836, 844–845
    • Khanh’s plotting against, 911
    • minority groups, relations with, 908, 911, 935–936
    • U.S. efforts to strengthen, 982–984, 987–989
    • U.S. integration into, 911
    • U.S. protection from coup, request for, 1047
    • “Young Turks” coup attempt, 1014 1015, 1016–1017, 1019, 1021, 1031–1032, 1033, 1046–1047
  • counterinsurgency operations, 946–947
  • popular attitude toward, 889
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, reorganization proposals, 1009
  • Taylor’s assessment of, 892
  • Taylor’s conflict with generals, 1041n , 1046–1047
  • third country assistance for Vietnam, 988
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 947
• Tran Van Huu, 264, 695
• Tran Van Ly, 542
• Tran Van Que, 825
• Tran Van Van, 822–823, 824, 825, 827, 835, 845, 846
• Trend, Sir Burke, 69
• Tri. See Do Cao Tri, Maj. Gen.
• Tri Quang, 263, 305, 313, 314, 415, 541, 709n , 789
  • Buddhist-Catholic conflict, 315, 324
  • Buddhist opposition to Khanh:
    • demands of Buddhists, 696–698
    • meetings between Khanh and Buddhists, 698–699, 701–703
    • moderation of, 830
  • civilian government and, 994, 999, 1000, 1001
  • influence on Khanh, 705
  • Ngo Dinh Can’s death sentence, 264–265n
  • political ambitions, 713, 810
• Trimble, William C., 25
• Trinquier, Roger, 197
• Trueheart, William C., 397, 602n , 610n
• Truong Chin, 446
• Tyler, William R., 69, 104, 108n , 621n , 990
• Unger, Leonard, 251, 402, 689n
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into, 215, 820
    • air strikes, 574, 579–582
    • intelligence operations, 275, 276, 277
    • U.S.-Laotian consultations re, 433
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union
• United Kingdom, 647, 655
  • Advisory Mission, 526
  • Laos:
    • conference on, proposed, 675
    • U.S.-RVN incursions into, 581
  • military assistance to RVN, 981–982, 985–986
  • Position Paper on Southeast Asia and, 971
  • Southeast Asia, consultations with U.S. re, 68–70
  • U.S. policy in Vietnam, position on, 919
  • Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against, 108–109, 209, 979, 980
• United Nations, 224, 376, 404
  • Chinese People’s Republic admission issue, 15, 16, 32n
  • Gulf of Tonkin events and. See under Gulf of Tonkin events.
• U.S. dependents in Vietnam, 94, 95, 96, 165–166, 371, 426, 503, 677, 973, 1057–1058, 1063, 1065
• U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam:
  • construction projects, 524
  • employment programs, 803–804
  • fertilizer Program, 163, 204
  • flood relief, 901–902, 908, 909
  • funding increases, 330, 332, 337–338
  • health programs, 261, 502
  • irrigation projects, 572
  • “progress after pacification” demonstration projects, 571–573, 596–597
  • rural development programs, 340–341, 480–481, 501–502
  • socioeconomic action program, proposed, 755–758
• U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam, 79, 301, 751
  • “brain trust” advisers, 22–24, 62
  • control capacity, 346, 347
  • integration into government structure, 462, 502–503
    • administration discussions re, 369, 371, 372–374, 397–398
    • civilian government and, 910–911
    • Forrestal’s positron, 387–388
    • joint operations committees, 427, 431
    • personnel for, 360–361
    • progress on, 426–427
    • Sullivan’s proposal, 350, 359–362
    • U.S. hesitation re, 440–441
    • Vietnamese (RVN) reservations, 398, 503–504
  • Khanh’s request for, 277–278
  • Lodge’s position, 278
  • political adviser for Khanh, 126
  • Rusk’s request for suggestions, 344–346
• U.S. Information Agency (USIA) (see also U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam; Voice of America), 255, 261, 382
• U.S. information programs and policies in U.S., 523
• U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 20
  • communications czar, 255, 430–431, 441, 454, 471–472
  • communist infiltration evidence. release of, 1012–1014
  • coordination of operations, 384, 540
  • credibility concerns, 430
  • heroism awards, 452–453
  • information advisers in military units, 452, 455
  • media coverage of Vietnam and, 261, 384, 454–455, 660
  • optimistic interpretation of events, 373
  • peace offensive, 462
  • press officer for Khanh, 383
  • psychological warfare campaign, 254–255, 259, 269, 274, 278, 429–430, 450–455
  • radios for villages, 452
  • rural opinion, studies re, 544–545
  • song for RVN, 453
  • Vietnam (DRV), broadcasts into, 173, 261, 269, 382, 383, 453
  • Vietnamese (RVN) cooperation with, 384–385
  • Vietnamese (RVN) leaders, promotion of, 451–452
  • youth programs, 453
• U.S. Information Service (USIS), 20, 659
• U.S. military assistance to Vietnam:
  • aircraft upgrades, 163, 203–204, 311, 319, 329, 501, 739
  • Army materiel, 204
  • funding for, 163–164, 171, 330, 332, 337–338
  • preconditions for assistance, 861–863
  • shortcomings of, 123–124
  • “Young Turks” coup attempt and, 1025–1026
• U.S. military involvement in Vietnam (see also Congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution):
  • advisory effort, 738
  • combat exposure for troops, 330, 331
  • flood relief personnel, 901–902
  • force increase to 22,000, 661
    • casualties issue, 559
    • deployments of personnel, 558–561
    • public announcements re, 569n , 570, 576
    • Taylor’s positron, 553–554
    • Westmoreland’s recommendation for, 547–548
  • French position, 534
  • ground forces, 723–724, 906–907
    • command issue, 687
    • Johnson’s position, 1058–1059
    • Khanh’s request for, 286, 293, 294, 302–303
  • legal basis for sending forces to Vietnam, 532
  • lengths of tours, 312
  • marines to guard installations, 723
  • naval presence, 270, 283–284, 290–291, 297, 305, 312, 503
  • overflights of RVN territory, 290
    • Saigon area secured with U.S. troops, 166, 182
  • Special Forces, 739
  • training programs, 329, 331
  • Vietnamese (RVN) attitude toward, 545
• U.S. Mission in Vietnam (see also Ambassador to Saigon, selection of; Military Assistance Command, U.S.):
  • AID director, 198, 201
  • Chief of Staff for, 200–201, 393
  • CIA station chief, appointment of, 3–4
  • Deputy Chief of Mission for, 441
  • U. A. Johnson’s assessment of, 937–938
  • Lodge-Harkins relationship, 298–299, 326–327
  • management problem, 269, 387
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 313–314
  • Mission Council, 539
  • Rural Operations minister, proposed, 78–79
  • situation report on Vietnam, 656–662
• U.S. policy in Vietnam (see also Congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; National Security Action Memoranda; NSC Working Group on Vietnam):
  • administration consultations with congressional leaders, 222–224, 328–332, 390
  • allies’ positions on, 919
  • Asians’ doubts about U.S. intentions, 176–179
  • basic posture, McNamara’s recommendations re, 160–161
  • McG. Bundy’s courses of action report, 672–679
  • checklist of progress, 489
  • Chinese People’s Republic attitude toward, 537, 555–556, 557commitment to Vietnam, 299–301, 488–489, 504, 518–520
  • De Gaulle’s assessment of, 217–218, 219
  • defeat, consequences of, 734
  • Defense Department statement on, 119–120
  • “domino effect” issue, 484–487
  • funds and personnel for, 259, 260–262, 269, 272–274, 319, 324, 337–338, 386, 474, 753, 1058
  • Humphrey’s assessment of, 477–484
  • Johnson’s television appearances re, 146, 148–150
  • manager in Washington for, 59, 61, 68, 79–80, 93
  • Mansfield’s policy suggestions, 2–3, 67, 1009–1012
    • administration officials’ responses, 815
  • objectives of, 10–11, 154
  • official visits to Vietnam, 67–68
  • options available without congressional resolution, 516–518
  • political settlement, consideration of, 518–520
  • Position Paper on Southeast Asia, 965, 969–974, 984
  • presidential letter to Khanh, 722, 728 729, 771
  • sphere of influence issue, 555
  • strategic importance of Vietnam, 535–536, 752–753
  • Taylor’s courses of action reports, 689–693, 733–736
  • U.S.-Soviet consultation re, 990–993
  • U.S. veterans of Vietnam, use of, 1040
• Valenti, Jack, 781
• Valeo, Frank, 2
• Van Tam, 285
• Vance, Cyrus R., 475, 590, 605, 607, 608, 609, 662, 914n , 1012n , 1044n
• Vann, John, 1040
• Vien. See Nguyen Luu Vien, Gen.
• Viet Cong. See Communist insurgency.
• Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (DRV) (see also Gulf of Tonkin events; Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against; Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts):
  • China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 64, 81–82, 157n
  • communist insurgency, relation to, 82–83, 123, 156–157, 251, 301–302
  • goals re Vietnamese unity, 446
  • international conference on Vietnam, proposed, 573
  • invasion of RVN, possible, 296–297
  • Khanh government, contacts with, 595n , 809–810
  • military situation, 421–422
  • neutral solution for Vietnam, 83, 229–230
  • U.S. broadcasts into, 173, 261, 269, 382, 383, 453
  • U.S.-RVN penetration of government, 409
• Vietnam (DRV), U.S.-RVN operations against (see also Congressional resolution on Southeast Asia policy; Gulf of Tonkin resolution), 60, 62
  • accelerated program of actions, 692–693, 714–717, 734–736
  • air strikes:
    • administration discussions re, 748–751, 752–753
    • demonstrative strikes, 458
    • JCS position, 584–585, 588, 749–750
    • Lodge’s recommendations, 306, 307–308, 326, 333–334
    • orchestrated air attack, 690, 691–692
    • single saturation raid, 182–183
    • Vietnamese (RVN) role in, 687, 688
  • application of power issue, 459–461
  • Bien Hoa attack, proposed retaliation for, 873–882, 885–886
  • Canadian positioon, 394–396
  • carrot-stick approach, 28, 228
  • cease-fire goal, 30
  • civilian government’s role, 947
  • communist insurgency, impact on, 250, 252, 403
  • contingency planning, 63, 75–77, 94, 96, 97–99, 112–118, 165, 167, 184–185, 205, 225–229, 308, 463
  • “controlled escalation” scenario, 952–957
  • covert operations, 154, 249, 306, 342, 372
    • Defense-CIA plan for, 4–5
    • JCS assessment of, 338–340
    • Lodge’s position, 186
    • McNamara’s position, 152, 171
    • overt acknowledgment of, possible, 676
    • resumption following Gulf of Tonkin events, 646–647, 663, 693, 748, 755, 759
    • Taylor’s positron, 897
  • cross-border operations and, 226–227
  • Cuban situation and, 105–106
  • deniability issue, 28, 97–98, 306–307, 309, 349
  • DeSoto patrols. See Naval operations below.
  • destruction of DRV will and capabilities, 437–440, 457, 681, 715
  • economic initiatives, 270
  • “fast, unyielding pressure” option. See under NSC Working Group on Vietnam.
  • French position, 239, 520–521
    • Ball-De Gaulle meeting, 441, 445, 449–450, 464–470
  • governmental stability in RVN and, 318, 838–839, 895–896, 899–900
  • graduated action plan, Sharp’s positron on, 930–932
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, retaliation for. See under Gulf of Tonkin events.
  • harbors as targets, 599, 605
  • Hilsman’s position, 181
  • Humphrey’s positron, 483
  • implications of, 782–785, 880, 906–907
  • infiltration lines, focus on, 962–964
  • islands, actions against, 598, 603
  • JCS recommendations for actions, 847–850, 854–857, 882–884
  • Johnson’s doubts about, 400–401
  • Laotian route, 369–370, 374
  • “live plan” status, 272
  • McCone’s position, 125–126, 127
  • McNamara report recommendations, 158–160
  • military options, 97–98, 113, 116–118, 159, 170, 370–371, 676–678, 681–682, 713–717
  • military pressures short of combat operations, 463–464
  • military timing factors, 444
  • naval operations (DeSoto patrols), 251–253, 270, 312, 794, 812
    • resumption following Gulf of Tonkin events, 677, 748, 755, 759, 780–781, 794
    • suspension of, 669
    • Taylor’s positron, 883–884
    • usefulness of, 780
    • Vietnamese (RVN) forces for, 796–797
  • negotiations, relation to, 519–520
  • nuclear weapons issue, 244, 250, 378, 410, 679–680
  • objectives and courses of action, 300
    • JCS position, 436–440
    • Taylor’s positron, 457–458
  • overt actions by U.S., political moves in support of, 209–213
  • political moves in support of military actions, 27–28, 225–226
    • Forrestal’s proposals, 206–213
    • JCS position, 214
    • Lodge’s position, 307
    • refinement of plans, 242–243
  • political objectives, 159–160
  • Position Paper on Southeast Asia statements on, 970–971, 972–973
  • positive inducements for DRV, 446–447
  • “progressive action and talk” option. See under NSC Working Group on Vietnam.
  • provocative operations, 748–749
  • psychological benefits, 318, 329, 387, 407, 415, 456, 897, 952
  • public awareness issue, 343
  • reaction times for operations, 150, 165, 170, 171, 205, 227
  • retaliation for attacks on U.S. personnel, 169
    • Bien Hoa attack, 873–882, 885–886
    • Brink Hotel bombing, 1038, 1043–1044, 1045–1046, 1049, 1050, 1051–1053, 1057, 1063–1065
    • Johnson’s position, 1057–1059
    • Lodge’s position, 94–95
  • Rostow’s position, 15–16, 72–74
  • Rusk-Khanh consultation re, 244
  • scenarios for:
    • basic recommended scenario, 374–377
    • Defense Department scenario, 363–368
  • Soviet response, 105–106, 117, 366–367, 380, 587
  • surrender terms, 399
  • target selection, 98, 113–114, 342, 371, 438, 649–650, 715
  • Taylor’s instructions re, 976–977
  • tit-for-tat military actions, 186, 227, 241–242, 271–272, 677, 748, 755, 759, 784
    • Bien Hoa attack and, 874–875, 877
    • Khanh’s position, 577–578
    • Position Paper on Southeast Asia statements on, 973
  • U.N. actions by U.S. re, 376
  • U.N. response, 404
  • U.S. consultations with allies, 108–109, 209, 394–396, 445, 979–981
  • U.S. dependents in Vietnam and, 95, 96, 371, 1057–1058, 1063, 1065
  • U.S.-DRV contacts and, 333–334, 953–954
  • U.S. presidential policies and, 174–175, 878
  • U.S. protection of RVN against reprisal, 317, 328, 334, 403–404
  • U.S. public statements on, 189–190
  • U.S.-RVN consultations re, 27, 28–31, 49, 519, 630, 687, 688, 977
    • Khanh’s attitude toward, 578, 595
    • reports on, 649–651
    • Taylor’s proposal for, 567–568, 570
    • U.S. authorization of, 587–588
  • Vietnamese (DRV) air defenses, 421–422
  • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic perception of U.S. intentions, 561–562
  • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic relations and, 81–82
  • Vietnamese (DRV)-Chinese People’s Republic response, 30–31, 34, 228, 329
    • Cline’s assessment of, 963–964
    • estimates re, 97, 112–113, 350, 366–368, 378–380, 585–587, 902–906
    • Saigon, possible attack on, 409
    • U.S. response to, 98–99, 114–116, 205, 371
  • Vietnamese (DRV) concerns about, 82–83
  • Vietnamese (RVN) pressure on U.S. for, 558, 563–568, 569–571, 658–659
  • war footing for Vietnam and, 288, 292, 294, 317–318
  • warnings of attacks, 343, 354–355, 375–376, 410
  • world reaction, 30
• Vietnam (DRV)-U.S. contacts, 9, 395n , 1052
  • Canadian intermediary, decision on, 253, 259
  • Gulf of Tonkin events, messages re, 651–653
  • instructions for intermediary, 281–282, 348, 351–355, 978–979
  • Khanh not informed of, 293, 294
  • Lodge’s recommendations, 249–250, 306, 307, 327, 333–334, 335
  • Pearson contacted about, 253, 270
  • Seaborn’s meetings with DRV officials, 525–526, 978n
  • Thant’s efforts re, 957–958
  • U.S.-Canadian consultations re, 543–544, 546
  • U.S. operations against DRV and, 333–334, 953–954
  • Vietnamese (DRV) interpretation of U.S. signals, 508
  • war footing for Vietnam and, 292, 294
• Vietnam, Republic of:
  • See also:
    • Civil Guard
    • Civilian government of Vietnam
    • Communist insurgency
    • Counterinsurgency operations
    • High National Council
    • International conference on Vietnam, proposed
    • Khanh coup
    • Khanh government
    • Media coverage of Vietnam
    • Minh government
    • Montagnards
    • Neutral solution for Vietnam
    • Political situation in Vietnam
    • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces
    • Saigon headings
    • Self-Defense Corps
    • Third country assistance for Vietnam
    • U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam
    • U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam
    • U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam
    • U.S. military assistance to Vietnam
    • U.S. military involvement in Vietnam
    • U.S. Mission in Vietnam
    • War footing for Vietnam
  • agricultural situation, 52, 501–502
  • alliance with Republic of China and Republic of Korea, proposed, 248
  • Amnesty (Chieu Hoi) program, 20–21, 52
  • anti-American sentiment in, 746, 804, 809
  • anti-communist groups in, 414
  • Buddhist-Catholic conflict, 315–316, 321, 324, 325, 347, 386, 413, 415–416, 540–541, 658
  • Catholics, 414, 825
  • Chinese minority, 1005–1006
  • Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) program, 786
  • communist victory, consequences of, 13, 918
  • Dai Viet party, 138, 719, 720, 725–726
  • economic situation, 19, 88, 659
  • Flooding problem, 901–902, 908–909
  • France, relations with, 46–47, 53, 188, 232–233, 239–240, 245–246, 319
  • French actions against, alleged, 36–38, 58, 264, 265, 285, 294, 302, 380–381
  • Hoa Hao party, 17n , 52, 1005
  • intelligentsia of, 238, 414–415
  • labor movement, 788, 1006–1007
  • land reform, 52, 499
  • partitioning of, proposed, 12–13
  • media of, 101, 316
  • morale problem, 488–489, 504–505
  • National Police, 162–163
  • National Service Act, 143
  • state of emergency, 578, 651
  • strategic importance to West, 148, 535–536, 752–753
  • students, 1007–1008
  • U.S.-communist mutual withdrawal, proposed, 128
  • U.S. dependents in Vietnam, 94, 95, 96, 165–166, 371, 426, 503, 677, 973, 1057–1058, 1063, 1065
  • Vietnamese (DRV) invasion of, possible, 296–297
  • war game on Vietnam, 198–199, 404
• Vietnam Committee. See Sullivan Committee.
• Vinh Cheo, fighting at, 549, 551
• Vinson, Carl, 615n
• Vo Nguyen Giap, Gen., 296n , 446, 546, 866
• Voice of America, 382, 383
• Vu Van Mau, 64, 671, 694, 698, 704, 775n , 797, 831, 833, 836, 841
• Vung Tau Charter, 671, 682–684, 703, 709, 711
• Walker, Gordon, 986
• Waller, John K., 979, 980
• War footing for Vietnam, 408–409
  • administration discussions re, 287–290
  • Diplomatic actions, 301–302
  • Felt’s position, 295–296
  • Khanh’s abandonment of, 578–579
  • Khanh’s proposal for, 284–287, 317–318
    • clarification, U.S. request for, 291–293
    • Lodge’s assessment of, 293–294, 305
  • national mobilization proposal, 142–145, 161–162, 202
  • partial mobilization, possible, 293, 294
  • peasants, programs for, 289–290
  • Saigon evacuation plan, 284–285, 292, 294, 295
  • urban centers, focus on, 301
  • U.S. operations against DRV and, 288, 292, 294, 317–318
• War game on Vietnam, 198–199, 404
• Waters, Gen. John K., 295
• Westmoreland, Gen. William C., 55, 504, 668, 688, 728n , 945, 959, 932, 987, 1009
  • Air Force, RVN, 739
  • civilian government of Vietnam, “Young Turks” coup attempt against, 1023, 1024
  • communist insurgency,:
    • Bien Hoa airfield, attack on, 873n
    • victory in Vietnam, possible, 296n
  • counterinsurgency operations:
    • airfield security, 680, 681n
    • assessment of, 736–742
    • command and control system, 419
    • critical provinces, focus on, 424–426, 443
    • deterioration of RVN position, 423
    • National Pacification Plan, 420–421
    • operational effectiveness, 418
    • population control, 416
    • Saigon-area initiative, 738
    • Gulf of Tonkin events, 627, 628
  • Honolulu meetings (June 1964), 416–421, 423, 428, 429, 430, 431
  • U. A. Johnson’s assessment of, 937
  • Khanh government:
    • alternatives to Khanh, 431
    • coup attempt against (Sept. 13), 764, 769
    • reorganization program, 708
  • Laos, U.S.-RVN incursions into:
    • intelligence operations, 428
    • timetable for, 433
  • McNamara-Taylor mission (May 1964), 313
  • Military Assistance Command:
    • appointment as commander, 59, 61, 200, 223
    • coordination with U.S. agencies, 387
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
    • housing problem, 420
    • intelligence organization, 739
    • logistic system, 740
    • manpower situation, 738
    • morale problems, 417, 420, 737
    • recruiting for, 419–420, 541
    • resource management, 417
  • strategic hamlet program, 416–417
  • Taylor’s conflict with generals, 1041
  • U.S. dependents in Vietnam, 426
  • U.S. governmental involvement in Vietnam, 360, 427,