Index

• Access (see also Access harassment; Contingency planning; German Democratic Republic access control):
  • air access (see also air access crisis under Access harassment; airlift under Contingency planning; U.N. guarantee/observer proposals), 290–291, 394–395, 407, 409–411, 578–579
  • British position, 697
  • civilian vs. military traffic, 134, 174, 599–600, 604–605
  • corridor proposals (see also international supervision below), 114, 117, 461, 516, 531, 697, 713, 723
  • detailed description of rights, 461
  • free city proposals and, 466–467
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 134, 531, 599–600, 790
  • international supervision (see also corridor proposals above):
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 790
    • Soviet position, 713, 723, 774–775, 784–786, 821
    • U.S. position, 461, 722–723, 731, 741–742, 753, 768–770, 786–787, 798, 851
  • Soviet position, 394–395, 409–410, 473, 578–579, 713, 723
  • Soviet provocation accusations, 640
  • Soviet separate treaty and, 421
  • stabilization of existing procedures, 34
  • tripartite reinforced division, 124
  • U.S. troop movements, 640, 648, 755–756, 776
    • British position, 746–747, 755–756
  • worker control, 281–283, 730
• Access harassment (see also Access; Berlin Wall; Contingency planning; German Democratic Republic access control), 555–556
  • air access, 555
    • contingency planning, 37, 62, 290–291, 379–380, 384–385, 521, 811, 822–824
  • air access crisis, 792, 811–812, 821
    • British position, 802n , 816, 836
    • Congressional meetings, 838
    • French position, 816–818
    • German Democratic Republic access control and, 828, 862–863
    • Soviet objectives, 814–815, 818–819, 828, 856–858
    • U.S. Ambassadorial probe discussions, 847–848, 850, 859–861
    • Western responses, 796–797, 800–802, 812–814, 816–818, 828–829, 836, 843–844
  • Clay reports, 510–511
  • French position, 14–16
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 524–525, 532–539, 544–545, 547–548, 551–555, 558, 565–566, 581–584, 776
    • Berlin Wall and, 565, 583–584
    • contingency planning, 498–502, 508–509, 557–558, 619
    • negotiation proposals and, 533–536, 541, 554, 585–586
    • U.S.-Soviet discussions, 537–539, 541–543, 545–547, 564
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 9, 26, 48, 282, 288
  • negotiation proposals and, 533–536, 541
  • possibility of, 9, 14–16, 26, 31, 48, 57, 91, 161, 288, 805
  • refugees and, 282
  • Soviet blockade, possible, 48, 67, 174
  • Soviet position, 67, 91, 721–722, 754
  • Soviet separate treaty and, 65
  • U.S.-Soviet discussions, 537–539
  • Watson incident (Dec. 23, 1961), 704
  • West Berliners, 342–343
  • Western responses (see also air access crisis above; criterion for action under Contingency planning: force, use of), 437–438, 463, 467–468, 704, 727–728, 777
• Acheson, Dean, 58, 60, 138–140, 229–230, 245–246
  • contingency planning, 46, 115, 156–159, 188, 258–259
    • airlift, 123, 154–155, 161
    • economic countermeasures, 145–147, 154, 196
    • emergency planning, 189–190, 193, 217, 220
    • force, use of, 36–38, 116, 151–153, 155–156, 189, 254–256
      • military planning, 188, 395–398, 517–519
      • nuclear weapons, 119–120, 140–142, 156, 158–159, 161
    • ICJ appeal, 112, 114
    • preparedness demonstration measures, 115–116, 120–123, 142–148
    • propaganda, 147–148, 263
  • negotiation proposals, 40, 148–151, 162, 227–229, 245–259, 261, 490–492
• Achilles, Theodore C., 324n
• Adenauer, Konrad, 50–51, 758–759, 842
  • Berlin Wall, 354–355, 591–592, 625
  • contingency planning, 46–48, 51, 595n , 596n , 824–827, 830–831, 840–841 de Gaulle meeting, 637–639, 650, 659–660
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, 629–630
  • Kennedy, correspondence with, 223–224, 380, 389–391, 493–497, 527, 636–638, 641–642, 659–660
  • Kennedy talks, 528, 532
  • legal rights, 49–50, 608
  • negotiation proposals, 593–594, 692–693, 810, 834, 840, 864
  • U.N. headquarters/activities relocation proposal, 607–609
  • U.S. visits, 21, 24, 45–51, 528, 532, 558–559, 562–563, 590–618, 620–634
• Adzhubei, Alexei I., 444–445, 634, 643, 681–682, 689, 780–784, 808, 821–822, 851
• Air access crisis. See under Access harassment.
• Akalovsky, Alexander, 87n , 96n , 468n , 780n
• All-Berlin proposal, 69–70
  • British position, 127
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 295–296, 531
  • Soviet position, 722, 725, 753, 785
  • U.S. position, 117, 241, 243–244, 251, 294, 596, 701–702, 723–726, 768–769
• Alphand, Herve, 13–16, 131, 366–368, 817–819
  • negotiation proposals, 12, 366–368, 405, 640–641, 808–811
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 415, 650, 661, 672
• Alsop, Joseph, 107, 331, 622
• Amory, Robert, 199
• Amrehn, Franz, 332–333
• Anderson, Adm. George W., 517
• Anderson, Robert B., 24
• Andronikov (USSR), 312, 807
• Armitage, John A., 71n
• Ausland, John C., 324n , 853n
• Austria, 321
• Bahr, Egon, 25, 668
• Ball, George W., 324n , 492–502, 596, 603, 789
  • negotiation proposals, 497–498, 679, 730, 767–775
• Behrendt (GDR), 2
• Beigel, Edgar J., 12
• Beitz (FRG), 11
• Belgium, 178, 434, 532
• Berlin (see also Access; Access harassment; All-Berlin proposal; [Page 871] Berlin Wall; Contingency planning; Free city proposals; German Democratic Republic access control; negotiation proposals; West Berlin):
  • confederation proposal, 725–726, 745
  • Kennedy-Adenauer correspondence, 380, 389–391, 527, 636–638, 641–642, 659–660
  • Kennedy-Khrushchev (Pen Pal) correspondence, 444–455, 502–508, 567–580, 634–636, 643–646, 681–691, 819–822
  • legal rights, 52, 113–114, 737
    • British position, 699, 702–703, 743
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 49–50, 597, 608
    • Soviet position, 92, 95, 785–786
    • U.S. position, 72, 88–89, 92, 604–605, 743–744
  • NATO guarantee, 47–49
    • Soviet policies toward, 6–7, 56–57, 75–77
    • British position, 41, 816n
    • French position, 12–13, 81, 650–651
    • Khrushchev letter (Feb. 17, 1961), 10, 12–13, 18, 22–23, 64, 69, 127
    • tripartite discussions, 808–810
    • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 9–10, 26
    • U.S. position, 129–130, 138–140, 173, 175, 192, 208, 237–238, 241–242, 245–246, 515–516, 705–706, 805–807
    • U.S.-Soviet discussions, 387
  • U.S.-British discussions, 41–44
  • U.S.-French discussions, 80–86, 312–316
  • U.S.-German Federal Republic discussions, 8–11, 513–514, 527–532, 668–672
  • U.S.-Soviet discussions, 66–69, 202–207, 231–235
  • U.S. policy toward, 69–70, 78–79, 514–516, 762, 793–795, 865–867
    • Clay appointment, 369, 380, 382, 391, 557, 649, 854–856
    • communication to Soviet Union, 16–20
    • Congressional meetings, 837–839
    • Kennan criticisms, 435–437, 706–708, 728, 802–804, 865
    • quadripartite discussions, 223–224
    • State Department papers, 33–34, 207–210
    • U.S.-French discussions, 12–16
    • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 8–9, 22, 25, 29
    • U.S. position, 174, 236–237, 246
• Berlin Airlift (1949), 85, 105
• Berlin Steering Group, 223, 259–260, 333–334, 347–349, 395–398
• Berlin Wall, 325
  • British position, 338
  • contingency planning, 379, 404–405, 443n
  • economic aid to Berlin and, 733–734family visits, 671–672
  • free city proposals and, 328
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis and, 565, 583–584
  • German Democratic Republic political situation and, 324, 437
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 326–328, 338, 530, 581
  • negotiation proposals and, 331, 338, 342, 344, 711–712
  • possibility of, 2–3, 32
  • preparedness demonstration measures and, 338, 347–348
  • refugees and, 32, 341–342, 464, 591–592, 625, 737, 753
  • Soviet/German Democratic Republic motivations, 341–343, 364–365, 464–465, 591–592
  • Soviet position, 581, 591, 721, 753
  • U.N. appeal and, 347, 356
  • U.S.-French discussions, 366–368
  • U.S. position, 479, 737
  • Western Ally restrictions, 364–366
  • Western responses:
    • Allied “patrols” increase, 336, 338, 361
    • Commandant crossing, 365, 370–371
    • Commandant protest, 327–329, 333–334
    • cultural diplomatic measures, 329, 330n , 334, 340, 343, 358, 361, 789
    • economic countermeasures, 330, 334, 337, 343, 358, 361
    • force, use of, 370, 726–727, 761
    • French position, 337–338, 361, 366
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, military buildup, 338, 355
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 327–328, 329n , 332–334, 337–339, 345–346, 358, 374, 380–381, 625, 670
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, public opinion, 333, 339–341, 349n , 350
    • JCS position, 370–371
    • Johnson visit to Berlin, 337, 348, 351, 354–358
    • Leipzig Fair boycott. See cultural diplomatic measures above.negotiation proposals, 625, 670
    • propaganda, 330, 332, 334
    • publicity, 349
    • quadripartite discussions, 329–330, 337–339, 361–362
    • Soviet Union protest note, 327, 329, 333, 338, 341
    • three-power status proposal, 346, 353
    • travel ban, 329, 330n , 331, 334, 337–339, 343, 358, 361
    • tripartite statement, 347–348, 361, 366
    • U.N. appeal, 347, 356
    • U.S. position, 510, 776–777
    • West Berlin garrison reinforcements, 334, 336, 338, 344, 346–348, 350–353, 356–358
• Bernau, Phyllis D., 760n
• Bohlen, Charles E., 16n , 388n , 415n , 709n , 714n , 736n , 741n , 768n , 772n , 819n , 846n , 850n
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 596, 603, 620
  • Berlin Wall, 464–465
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, 767
  • German unification, 44
  • negotiation proposals, 87, 403, 405–408, 464–465, 695n , 697–698, 700
  • Soviet forces in West Berlin, 724n
  • Soviet political situation, 41–42
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 41–42, 696, 701
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 281, 303, 405, 411, 415, 650, 661, 672
• Bolshakov, Georgi N., 544, 567n , 573n , 780
• Bolz-Zorin agreement, 417, 422, 793
• Border issues (see also German peace treaty; German unification):
  • British position, 280, 655, 696
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 10, 27, 490, 609–611, 623–624, 658, 864
  • Soviet position, 67, 71, 91–92, 242, 460, 471, 807
  • U.S. position, 70, 91, 124, 150–151, 228, 609, 611, 623, 697, 810
• Bovey, John A., 318n
• Bowles, Chester, 5–6, 117–118, 411, 431–433, 435, 439–441, 551, 553–554
• Brandin, Robert M., 324n , 789n
• Brandt, Willy, 281–282, 307, 668–671, 730, 843
  • Berlin Wall, 326–327, 345–346, 348, 352, 355–357, 671–672
  • Kennedy, correspondence with, 345–346, 352–353
  • U.S. visit, 22, 25–30, 668–672
• Brentano, Heinrich von, 8–11, 46, 48, 64–65, 282, 493
  • all-Berlin proposal, 295–296
  • contingency planning, 48–49, 285–288, 299–303, 425–426
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 290, 420
  • German peace treaty, 9–10, 31–33, 48, 288–289
  • German unification, 295
  • inter-German relations, 290, 421–422
  • negotiation proposals, 64, 295–296, 304–305, 414, 425–426
  • West Berlin plebiscite proposals, 307–308
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 281–309, 411–427
• Brook, Sir Norman, 36, 41, 696, 701
• Brown, L. Dean, 366n
• Bruce, David K.E., 43–44, 59, 175, 460n , 514–516
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 41, 102n , 696, 701
• Bundy, McGeorge, 33n , 209n , 219n , 221–222, 227n , 268, 324n , 636n , 736n , 741n
  • access harassment, 544n , 619, 704, 792, 813–814
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 603, 620
  • all-Berlin proposal, 531
  • Berlin Wall, 331, 333–334
  • contingency planning, 62, 162–165, 176–177, 264, 462, 762
    • air access, 384–385
    • economic countermeasures, 192–193, 197–198, 217
    • emergency planning, 189–190, 193–194, 197, 217, 225–226force, use of, 162–163, 198, 260, 392, 395, 397–398, 428, 487–489, 517–519
    • naval countermeasures, 216–217
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 262–263
  • German peace treaty, 106
  • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on German and Berlin, 168, 227–230inter-German relations, 529–530
  • negotiation proposals, 177, 217–218, 259, 330–331, 403, 588–589, 679, 696, 701–702
    • Foreign Ministers meeting proposals, 261–262, 430–431
    • Western agenda, 379n , 429–431, 460–461
  • propaganda, 259–260, 263
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 41, 102n
  • U.S.-German Federal Republic discussions, 527
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire reply, 107–109
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 261–264
• Burdett, William C., 36n , 41n
• Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 129–130, 161
• Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 395–396
• Caccia, Sir Harold, 36, 41, 102n , 111, 361–362, 405, 411, 415
• Canada, 179, 434
• Carstens, Karl, 599
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 46, 596, 599–600, 602–603, 620
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 281, 291, 299, 303, 411, 415, 420, 650, 661, 672
• Cash, Frank E., Jr., 71n , 119n , 184–185, 281n , 337n , 439n , 456n , 497n , 661n
• Chayes, Abram J., 267, 694–695
• China, People’s Republic of, 16, 41, 78, 230
• Clarke, Bruce, 350, 370
• Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 448, 603, 640, 726n , 747
  • access harassment, 437–438, 463, 467, 510–511
    • air access crisis, 792, 811–812
    • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 532–534, 543–544, 552, 584–586
  • appointment as Special Representative in Berlin, 369, 380, 382, 557, 649, 854–856
  • Berlin visit, 348, 351, 354
  • Berlin Wall, 443n , 498–502, 761, 776–777
  • contingency planning, 484, 510–511, 585–587, 854
  • negotiation proposals, 585–586, 864
  • reports, 509–513, 775–779
• Cleveland, Harlan, 36, 393n
• Conference of Non-Aligned Countries (Belgrade), 266
• Congo crisis, 10, 12, 29, 31, 203
• Congress, U.S. (see also emergency planning under Contingency planning), 123, 146, 190, 837–839
• Contingency planning (see also German Democratic Republic access control):
  • air access, 37, 62, 290–291, 379–380, 384–385, 396, 456, 521, 811, 822–824
  • airlift, 117, 163, 167, 292, 301–302
    • British position, 38, 101, 279, 302
    • French position, 85–86, 279, 302
    • U.S. position, 39, 116, 121–123, 154–155, 161, 230–231, 257, 279, 320, 372–373
  • Berlin Wall and, 379, 404–405, 443n
  • British position, 14, 58, 152
  • British/French participation, 128, 312–313, 323
  • criterion for action, 58, 83, 658
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 374–375
    • U.S. position, 60, 83, 151–153, 174, 264, 423, 484–485, 656
  • diplomatic measures, 104, 288
  • economic countermeasures, 164, 217, 268, 289, 317, 522
    • British position, 279, 287–288
    • French position, 86, 287–288, 412
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 287–288, 381, 826
    • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin, discussions, 168, 187, 199–200, 214, 336
    • NATO participation, 168, 187, 288, 412, 826
    • NSC discussions, 192–193, 195, 197–198, 226
    • U.S. position, 104, 145–147, 154, 217, 279, 283, 287–288, 321, 522, 561
  • emergency planning, 162, 168, 184–185, 193–197, 209–212, 221
    • military budget increase, 189–190, 193, 196–197, 209–210, 215, 225–226, 392
    • National Emergency declaration, 189–191, 193, 195, 197, 209–210, 215, 217, 219–220, 284
  • failure possibilities, 156–159
  • force, use of (see also preparedness demonstration measures below):
    • air access, 37, 62, 521
    • Allied contributions, 198, 200–201, 215–216, 221, 226, 254–256, 322, 338, 456, 628–629
      • British position, 270, 283–284
      • French position, 283–284, 412
      • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 285–286
    • British position, 100, 540
    • criterion for action, 151–153, 174, 656, 658
    • economic effects of, 221, 518, 549
    • force levels, 63
    • French position, 13, 174, 273–274
    • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 498–502, 508–509, 540, 557–558
    • general war (see also nuclear weapons below), 62, 83, 265, 414, 481–483, 523, 658
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 132–135, 201, 285–286
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 265
    • land probe, 155–156, 174, 200–201
      • British position, 38–39, 116, 121
      • U.S. position, 62, 85, 105, 120–122, 128, 140–141, 155–156, 161, 265, 301, 560
    • military planning (see also preparedness demonstration measures below; U.S. forces in Europe, expansion of below), 61–63, 85, 136–138, 186, 210–211, 395–398, 487–489
      • British position, 653
      • command, 300–301, 413, 510–511, 777–778, 818, 854–856
      • French position, 300–301, 418
      • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 300, 513n , 528
      • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 300–301, 559, 831–832
      • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin, discussions, 167, 188, 200, 335–336
      • NATO participation, 308, 317, 322, 372, 412–413, 492–493
      • negotiation proposals and, 418, 653
      • NSAMs, 162–163, 198, 520–523, 559–560
      • nuclear weapons, 145–146, 266, 321–322, 372, 517–518, 520–521, 523
      • Western Defense Ministers meeting, 260, 265–266
      • Western Foreign Ministers meeting discussions, 299–303, 412–413
    • NATO role, 215, 300, 336, 399
    • negotiation proposals and, 297, 396–397, 592, 656
    • nuclear weapons (see also general war above):alternatives to, 34, 371–372
      • British position, 121, 300–301
      • communication to Soviet Union, 140–141, 161, 283, 363, 485, 521, 528
      • control of, 145, 163, 172, 301
      • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 52, 527–528, 595n , 596n
      • JCS position, 62, 135–136
      • negotiation proposals and, 297, 592, 656
      • planning, 145–146, 266, 321–322, 372, 517–518, 520–521, 523
      • possibility of, 158–159, 273–274, 319, 656
      • U.S.-Soviet discussions, 203–204, 232–235
      • U.S. position, 37, 47, 72, 79, 119–121, 141–142, 156, 170–172, 174, 286–287, 302, 516
    • public opinion, 273–274
    • Soviet capabilities, 399, 662, 809, 831
    • Soviet response, 231–234
    • special forces, 63
    • U.N. appeal and, 396, 560
    • U.S.-British discussions, 37
    • U.S. forces in Europe, expansion of (see also military planning above), 138n , 163–164, 189, 220, 392, 398–399, 428–429, 561
    • U.S. position, 46–47, 265, 585–587
    • worldwide theater, 320–321
  • French position, 14–15, 83, 658
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 498–502, 508–509, 557–558, 619
  • German Democratic Republic, possible uprising in, 379, 639, 647–648, 777, 853–854
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 40, 46–49, 51–55, 63, 65, 124, 128, 132–135
  • force, use of, 132–135, 201, 285–286, 300, 513n , 528
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 26, 134–135
  • ICJ appeal:
    • British position, 126, 166
    • French position, 126, 131, 166
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 126, 132–133
    • U.S. position, 113, 116–117, 125–126, 249–250, 393, 426
  • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin, 119–124, 164–165, 167–169, 187–191, 227–230
  • JCS discussion, 362–364
  • Kissinger-Adenauer talks, 824–827, 830–831, 840–841
  • NATO information, 49, 65, 222
  • NATO participation (see also preparedness demonstration measures below), 38, 104, 176–177
    • economic countermeasures, 168, 187, 288, 412, 826
    • force, use of, 215, 300, 336, 399
    • military planning, 308, 317, 322, 372, 412–413, 492–493
    • NATO positions, 434–435
    • preparedness demonstration measures, 284–285, 336, 338
    • propaganda, 308, 310
    • U.S.-British discussions, 115
    • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 53–54
  • naval countermeasures, 145, 163, 188, 216, 373, 412, 424–425, 561, 833
    • Allied participation, 216–217, 413
    • British position, 412
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 425, 491, 527, 826–827, 841, 864
  • neutral countries confidential meetings, 103–104
  • Norstad meeting, 462
  • phases of, 188–189, 198
  • preparedness demonstration measures (see also military planning under force, use of above), 115–116, 120–121, 309
    • Berlin Wall and, 338, 347–348
    • British position, 287, 305
    • French position, 287, 413
    • NATO participation, 284–285, 336, 338
    • negotiation proposals and, 274–276, 293–294, 305, 413
    • U.S. position, 142–148, 163–164, 283, 286–287, 399
  • publicity, 23, 159–160, 164, 309, 779
  • stockpiling, 26, 101, 115, 412
  • tripartite discussions, 127–128
  • tripartite participation, 15, 38–40, 518–519
  • U.N. appeal (see also ICJ appeal above; Negotiation proposals), 125–126, 133, 258–259, 267, 560, 702
    • Berlin Wall and, 347, 356
    • force, use of and, 396, 560
  • Uniting for Peace resolution, 702
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36–40, 100–101
  • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 46–48, 46–49, 51–55, 830–834
  • U.S. position, 24, 34
  • worldwide countermeasures, 15, 61, 63, 523
• Couve de Murville, Maurice, 65, 272, 276, 283, 307–308
  • contingency planning, 279, 285, 287–288, 302, 413
  • force, use of, 273–274, 283–284, 299–302, 300–301, 412
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 273, 289–290
  • negotiation proposals, 272–273, 276, 280, 296–298, 368n , 413, 651–652, 658
    • Ambassadorial probe/consultations, 663–664, 666–667, 673–675, 677
    • Foreign Ministers meeting proposals, 271–272, 277, 413–414, 641
    • Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York), 304, 405–408, 416–417
    • timing, 270, 304
    • West Berlin morale and, 654–655
    • Western agenda, 417–418, 425
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 269–270
    • quadripartite meetings, 281–309, 411–427, 650–659, 661–667, 672–678
    • tripartite meetings, 269–280, 405–408
• Cuba, 12, 68, 74, 76
• Currien, Giles, 405
• Czechoslovakia. See Border issues.
• Davis, Richard H., 12, 14, 16n , 124, 324n , 853n
• Day, Arthur R., 329n , 424n , 463n , 467n , 587n , 727n
• de Carbonnel, Charles, 269, 281, 291, 299, 303
• de Gaulle, Charles, 80–86, 312, 623–624
  • Adenauer, meeting with, 637–639, 650, 659–660
  • contingency planning, 85–86, 126, 166, 174
  • German unification, 66, 231–232, 570
  • Kennedy, correspondence with, 223–224, 368, 377–378, 493n , 525n , 716–719, 748–751
  • negotiation proposals, 313–316, 368, 377–378, 481–482, 525–526, 549–550, 593–594, 621–622, 679–681, 700, 716–717, 748–750
  • speech (Oct. 2, 1961), 481
• Dean, Sir Patrick, 36
• Decker, Maj. Gen. C.L., 517
• Defense, U.S. Department of, 188–189, 229, 508n , 853n
• Dillon, C. Douglas, 36, 161, 767
  • contingency planning, 162, 168, 176, 195, 221–222
• Disarmament (see also European security arrangements), 31, 73–75, 496, 507
  • nuclear testing, 31, 717–718
  • Soviet position, 446–447
  • Statement of Principles, 446–447
  • summit meeting proposal, 810–811
• Dixon, Sir Pierson, 672
• Dobrynin, Anatoly F., 87, 794–795
• Dowling, Walter C., 7n , 8, 78n , 191–192, 513–514, 760, 842, 864
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 46, 596, 603, 620
  • air access crisis, 796–797, 828–829, 836, 856–858, 862–863
  • Berlin Wall, 328, 341
  • contingency planning, 104–105, 824–827, 840–841
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 534n , 547n , 552n
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 844–886, 862–863
  • Kennedy-Adenauer correspondence, 497n , 641–642, 659–660
  • negotiation proposals, 103, 692–693, 834, 840, 864
  • Soviet memorandum (Dec. 27, 1961), 756–757
• Dulles, Allen W., 195, 333, 349, 462
• Dulles, John Foster, 47, 52, 59–60
• Ebert (E. Berlin Mayor), 28
• Eckhardt, Felix von, 603
• Eddleman, Gen. Clyde, 215
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 349
• Ellis, Frank B., 196
• Erhard, Ludwig, 732–735
• Etzdorf, Hasso von, 8
• European integration, 175, 841
• European security arrangements:
  • British position, 659
  • French position, 483
  • German arms limitations, 242, 393, 471–472, 474
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, arms limitations:
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 616, 625–626
    • Soviet position, 56, 459, 474, 516
    • U.S. position, 466, 616–617, 620–621, 625–626
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, neutralization, 516, 658–659
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 27, 530, 613–614, 616, 625–629, 658, 833
  • Germany, foreign forces in, reduction, 68, 473–474, 613–614, 627–629
  • negotiation proposals and, 239, 251–253
  • Rapacki Plan, 242, 474
  • Soviet position, 56, 68, 242, 456–457, 459, 461, 471–474, 516
  • U.S. position, 239, 294, 393, 459, 466, 496, 613, 616–617, 620–621, 625–626, 628–629
• Fanfani, Amintore, 279, 292, 446
• Farrell, Adm., 123–124
• Fessenden, Russell H., 159n , 431n , 439n , 456n , 492n
• Festing, Sir Francis, 269, 281, 291, 299–300, 303
• Finland, 554, 651
• Finletter, Thomas K., 178–179, 383, 433n , 435
  • contingency planning, 79n , 222, 434–435, 456, 492
• Fleiderer (FRG), 531
• Ford Foundation, 733
• Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin, 22–23, 132n , 259, 264–265, 267–268, 316–318, 405–408, 698n , 744
• Fowler, Henry H., 187, 190, 200, 267, 333, 336
• France (see also Contingency planning; France, French, tripartite, quadripartite, and Western subheadings under other subjects):
  • nuclear weapons, 718–719, 749–750
• Free city proposals (see also U.N. guarantee/observer proposals), 41–42
  • access and, 466–467
  • Berlin Wall and, 328
  • four-power forces proposals, 19, 472–473, 476, 479, 575–576
  • French position, 12–13, 273
  • German peace treaty and, 19, 572
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 117–118
  • Mansfield speech, 117–118
  • Soviet position, 19, 88, 206, 449, 461, 472, 568, 571–573, 657, 689, 723–724
    • Khrushchev letter to Adenauer (Feb. 17, 1961), 10, 12–13, 18, 22–23, 64, 69
  • U.N. headquarters/activities relocation proposal, 393, 426, 451, 516, 607–609, 671
  • U.S.-British discussions, 42–44
  • U.S. position, 17, 67, 108, 151, 516, 731–732, 742, 769, 787
  • Western version, 393, 423, 426
• Freeman, Orville L., 333
• Freshman, C. Arnold, 732n , 789n
• Friedrichstrasse crisis. See under Access harassment.
• Froment-Meurice, 291, 299, 303
• Frontier issues. See Border issues.
• Gaitskell, Hugh, 175
• Gavin, James M., 12, 312, 481–484, 525–526, 549–550
• German Democratic Republic access control (see also Access harassment; Contingency planning; German peace treaty: Soviet separate treaty), 3–4
  • agency principle, 51, 59–61, 289
  • air access crisis and, 828, 862–863
  • British position, 40, 152, 230, 273
  • civilian vs. military traffic and, 174
  • document stamping, 152, 229–230, 262–263, 266
  • French position, 82, 273, 289
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, and, 277
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 48, 51, 420–421
  • inter-German relations and, 290, 601–602, 605–606
  • international access supervision and, 774–775
  • negotiation proposals and, 846
  • peel-off procedure, 58–59, 105, 289
  • refugees, 272
  • Soviet intentions, 40, 48, 67, 93, 98, 242, 420
  • Soviet position, 723, 738–739, 753–754, 773–775
  • Soviet reverse agency proposal, 844–886
  • U.N. guarantee/observer proposals and, 603, 606–607
  • U.S.-German Democratic Republic discussion proposals, 230
  • U.S. position, 83, 152–153, 320, 463, 485–486, 754
• German Democratic Republic (see also European security arrangements; German Democratic Republic subheadings under subjects; Inter-German relations):
  • economic situation, 2, 27–28
  • political situation, 2, 191–192, 437, 612
    • contingency planning, 379, 639, 647–648, 777, 853–854
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 134–135, 612–613, 842
    • refugees and, 2–3, 26–27, 191, 324
  • refugees (see also Berlin Wall), 44, 75, 272
    • access harassment and, 282
    • Berlin Wall and, 32, 341–342, 464, 591–592, 625, 737, 753
    • British position, 102
    • German Democratic Republic political situation and, 2–3, 26–27, 191, 324
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, policy toward, 282
    • Soviet position, 242
    • Steinstucken enclave, 442–443, 511, 555, 776
    • U.S. position, 282, 364, 442–443
  • Soviet Union, relations with (see also German Democratic Republic access control; German peace treaty), 26
  • U.S. policy toward, 210
  • Western recognition, 60, 274, 466, 515, 606–607, 629
    • British position, 57–58, 60, 100, 274, 277, 655, 699
    • French position, 482
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 420, 466, 490, 606–607, 629–630, 767
    • Soviet position, 457–458, 461, 657, 685, 721, 739
• German peace treaty (see also Border issues; Negotiation proposals):
  • British position, 274
  • free city proposals and, 19, 572
  • French position, 82
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 31
  • negotiation proposals and, 274, 276
  • parallel treaties proposal, 244, 402–403, 448–449
  • Soviet position, 18–20, 71, 87–88, 90–92, 203, 448–449, 469–471, 568, 571–572, 688
  • Soviet separate treaty (see also German Democratic Republic access control):
    • British position, 43, 101–102
    • French position, 314–315
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 32–33, 48, 50–51, 64, 288–289
    • interim agreement and, 64, 244
    • negotiation proposals and, 276, 314–315, 418
    • Soviet intentions, 19, 55, 66–68, 88, 93–95, 98, 204, 206–207, 231–232, 859–860
      • British position, 40
      • French position, 13–14, 65
      • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 9–10, 22–23, 26, 420–421, 832–833
      • U.S. position, 4, 7, 30–31, 57, 72, 79, 122, 205, 242, 363, 420, 494–495
    • U.S. position, 66–67, 70, 72–73, 92, 94, 232, 798
    • U.S. response, 50–51, 256–259
  • U.S. position, 17, 91, 106, 240
• German unification (see also Border issues; European security arrangements; Germany, division of; Inter-German relations):
  • all-German talks proposals, 64, 93, 363
  • British position, 44, 280
  • confederation, 175, 725
  • French position, 15, 66, 231–232, 570, 749
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 28, 64, 295, 485, 490, 529, 611–612, 630
  • inter-German relations and, 611–612
  • negotiation proposals and, 485, 490, 529
  • neutralization, 44, 749
  • plebiscite proposals, 280, 294–295
  • self-determination. See plebiscite proposals above.
  • Soviet policy, 15, 28
  • Soviet position, 18–19, 66, 88, 93, 231–232, 570, 725
  • Soviet-Germany, Federal Republic of, relations and, 615
  • U.S. position, 34, 72, 79, 107, 161, 174, 505, 515, 530
  • Western orientation, 207–208
• Germany, division of (see also Berlin Wall; German Democratic Republic: Western recognition; German unification):
  • French position, 12–13, 15
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 421
  • Soviet position, 88, 459–460, 570
  • U.S. position, 7, 17, 20, 175, 244, 736–737
  • Western acceptance, 448
• Germany, Federal Republic of (see also Access; Berlin; European security arrangements; Germany, Federal Republic of, quadripartite, and Western subheadings under other subjects; Inter-German relations):
  • British forces in, 115
  • economic situation, 21–23, 28
  • Khrushchev letter (Feb. 17, 1961) reply, 64, 69, 127
  • Kroll-Khrushchev meeting, 580–581, 589–591, 630, 635, 698
  • military buildup (see also European security arrangements), 30, 74, 91, 204, 338, 355, 568
  • NATO participation, 810
  • neutralization. See under European security arrangements.
  • Poland, relations with (see also Border issues), 10–11
  • political situation, 30–31, 42, 99, 270, 295, 362, 530, 616
  • Soviet memorandum (Dec. 27, 1961), 709, 733, 756–757
  • tripartite troops reinforcement, 286
  • United States, relations with, 21–25
    • Adenauer visits, 21, 24, 45–51, 558–559
    • balance of payments, 23, 28–29, 221–222
    • Brandt visit, 22, 25–30
  • U.S. forces in (see also European security arrangements), 23, 28–29, 760
  • West Berlin, relations with, 4, 604, 609, 739–740
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 531, 597–599, 608, 668–670
    • incorporation proposal, 400–401, 491–492, 597–598, 669–670, 731–732
    • Soviet position, 67, 568, 580–581, 725
• Gilpatric, Roswell L., 347, 395–396, 487, 513n , 517–518
• Glenn, Edmund S., 80n , 84n
• Gray, Maj. Gen. David, 188, 190, 201
• Greece, 179, 322
• Greenhill, Denis, 111
• Grewe, Wilhelm C., 5–6, 21–22, 127, 527–532
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 21, 24, 46, 596, 601–603, 620
  • Berlin Wall, 337–339, 380–381
  • Clay appointment, 382
  • contingency planning, 51–55, 126, 132–135, 374–375, 527–528, 830–834, 831–832
  • free city proposals, 117–118
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 601–602
  • German Democratic Republic political situation, 134–135
  • inter-German relations, 529–530, 601–602
  • negotiation proposals, 69, 375–376, 381–382
  • neutralism, 382–383
  • Soviet separate treaty, 22–23, 832–833
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire reply, 132–133
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 411, 415, 650, 661, 672
• Gromyko, Andrei Andreivich (see also Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York) and U.S. Ambassadorial probe under Negotiation proposals), 112
  • air access, 394–395
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 541–543, 564
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, 721
  • negotiation proposals, 394–395, 720–726
  • Vienna summit meeting, 87
  • Washington visit, 466, 468–480
• Gruson, Sydney, 380, 382
• Guthrie, John C., 71n , 385n , 409n , 768n , 772n , 846n
• Hammarskjold, Dag, 203, 456, 671
• Hare, Raymond A., 321
• Harriman, W. Averell, 22, 29, 36, 175
• Hatcher, Andrew T., 118
• Hayter, Sir William, 139
• Heath, Sir Edward, 730–731
• Heusinger, Gen. Adolf, 617
• Hillenbrand, Martin J., 5n , 16n , 33n , 51n , 64n , 71n , 125n , 132n , 159n , 180n , 182n , 269n , 291n , 299n , 371n , 374n , 431n , 439n , 456n , 463n , 467n , 497n , 508n , 536n , 544n , 545n , 551n , 553n , 596n , 603n , 636n , 650n , 668n , 709n , 727n , 736n , 741n , 768n , 772n , 789n , 793n , 830n , 846n , 850n , 853n
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 620
  • air access crisis, 792
  • contingency planning, 57–61, 168, 187, 201, 487
  • Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin, 267
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 544n
  • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on German and Berlin, 168–169
  • negotiation proposals, 123, 403, 767
  • Vienna summit meeting, 103, 112
• Hodges, Luther H., 333, 789
• Holloway, Jerome K., Jr., 361n , 371n , 405n , 817n
• Home, Lord Frederick Douglas, 100, 421–422, 426, 659, 756
  • border issues, 655, 697
  • contingency planning, 115, 279, 287–288, 412
    • airlift, 38, 279, 302
  • force, use of, 38–39, 116, 283–284, 299–302, 300–301, 413
  • preparedness demonstration measures, 285, 287, 305
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 273, 420
  • German Democratic Republic recognition, 274, 655
  • negotiation proposals, 40, 42–43, 274, 297–298, 305, 653, 655
    • Ambassadorial probe/consultations, 662–664, 666–667, 673, 675–676, 678
    • Foreign Ministers meeting proposals, 270–271, 276–280, 294–295, 419, 654, 700
    • Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York), 298, 303–304, 306, 405–408, 417
    • U.S.-British discussions, 696, 701
    • U.S. ambassadorial probe, 698, 703
    • Western agenda, 296–297, 419, 425, 696
  • Soviet separate treaty, 64, 276
  • U.N. discussion, possible, 271, 275
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 38–41, 98–102
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire reply, 98–99, 111–117
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 269
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 270
    • quadripartite meetings, 281–309, 411–427, 650–659, 661–667, 672–678
    • tripartite meetings, 269–280, 405–408
• Hood, Viscount Samuel, 58, 405, 808
• Humphrey, Hubert H., 118, 563
• Il’ichev, I. I., 709
• Imhof, Johannes V., 808n
• Indonesia, 397
• Inter-German relations (see also German unification):
  • discussion proposals, 206, 210, 290–291
  • German Democratic Republic access control and, 290, 601–602, 605–606
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of and, 43, 810
  • German unification and, 64, 93, 363, 611–612
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 290, 421–422, 490, 529–530, 556, 600–602, 702
  • Germany, Federal Republic of-Soviet bilateral talks proposals, 795, 810
  • mixed German Committee proposals, 239, 251–253, 421–422
  • Soviet position, 206
• Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin (ICG), 119–124, 164–165, 167–169, 187–191, 199–202, 211, 214, 227–230, 335–337
• Interim agreement proposals (see also Negotiation proposals), 7, 27, 101, 149, 157–158, 243–245, 251, 665
  • Soviet position, 68, 75, 92–93, 95–98
  • Soviet separate treaty and, 64, 244
• International Court of Justice (ICJ). See ICJ appeal under Contingency planning.
• Interzonal trade agreement, 2–3, 288, 329, 338, 599
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 288, 380, 735
• Italy, 178, 279, 292, 434, 446, 532
• Japan, 95
• Jessup-Malik agreement (1949), 599, 657
• Johnson, Lyndon B., 21, 24, 169, 199, 214n , 324n , 411
  • Berlin Wall, 337, 348, 351, 354–358
  • contingency planning, 188–191, 193, 195–196, 199–201, 456
• Johnson, U. Alexis, 405
• Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 129–130, 370–371, 853n
  • contingency planning, 61–63, 62, 116, 135–136, 155–156, 215, 362–364, 428
• Jorden, William, 806
• Kaysen, Carl, 330n , 767, 768n , 772n
• Kefauver, Estes, 118
• Kennan, George F., 265, 331, 387, 435–437, 706–708, 728, 802–804, 865
• Kennedy, John F. (see also Vienna summit meeting (U.S.-Soviet Union)), 10–11, 30, 49–50, 210, 514, 609
  • access, 605, 747
  • Adenauer, correspondence with, 223–224, 380, 389–391, 493–497, 527, 636–638, 641–642, 659–660
  • Adenauer, talks with, 528, 532
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 21, 24, 46–51, 528, 532, 558–559, 590–595, 603–609, 614–618, 620–632
  • Adzhubei interviews, 634, 643, 681–682, 689, 780–784, 821–822
  • air access crisis, 792, 813–814
  • Berlin visit proposal, 35
  • Berlin Wall, 330, 332, 345–349, 348–349, 352–353, 380–381, 625
  • border issues, 27, 623–624
  • Brandt, correspondence with, 345–346, 352–353
  • Brandt visit to U.S., 25–30
  • Clay appointment, 380, 382, 557, 649
  • Clay reports, 509
  • Congressional leaders, correspondence with, 837–839
  • Congressional meetings, 837–839
  • contingency planning, 24, 38–39, 222, 267, 379, 393, 462, 762
    • airlift, 39, 86
    • criterion for action, 484–485
    • economic countermeasures, 192–193, 195, 381
    • emergency planning, 195–196, 215–216, 221, 225–226, 392
    • force, use of, 215–216, 518, 628–629
      • military planning, 85, 186, 210–211, 265–266, 395–398, 412–413, 428–429, 488–489, 517–519
      • NSAM No. 109, 520–523, 559–560
      • nuclear weapons, 266, 517–518, 595n , 596n
      • U.S. forces in Europe, expansion of, 220, 398–399
    • German Democratic Republic political situation, 639, 647
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 46–48
    • naval countermeasures, 216, 831, 833
    • stockpiling, 101
    • U.N. appeal, 560
    • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 38–39, 100–101
    • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 830–834
  • de Gaulle, correspondence with, 223–224, 368, 377–378, 493n , 525n , 716–719, 748–751
  • European security arrangements, 496, 627
  • Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin, 264–265
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 498, 544, 551, 553, 619
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 82, 229, 485–486
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, 629–630
  • German peace treaty, 9–10, 91–92, 94, 494–495
  • German unification, 161, 530
  • Germany, Federal Republic of:
    • arms limitations, 616–617, 620–621, 625–626
    • mark revaluation, 21–23, 28–29
    • Soviet Union, relations with, 615–616
  • inter-German relations, 529–530, 606
  • Khrushchev, correspondence with (Pen Pal), 444–455, 502–508, 567–580, 634–636, 643–646, 681–691, 819–822
  • Macmillan, correspondence with, 223–224, 632–634, 637
  • negotiation proposals, 42, 44, 216, 265, 368, 377–378, 401–402, 413, 415, 485, 587, 592–593, 700, 716–717, 748–750
    • Ambassadorial probe/consultations, 679–681
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 701, 703–704
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 382, 588
    • Gromyko visit to Washington, 466, 468–480
    • Macmillan discussions, 696–704
    • Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York), 414, 429
    • summit meeting proposals, 161–162
    • timing, 330, 359
    • U.S. Ambassadorial probe, 402–403, 698, 703, 759–760, 767
    • Western agenda, 360, 403, 460, 593–594
  • Norstad, correspondence with, 520–523
  • press conference (June 28, 1961), 159
  • Southeast Asia, 130n , 211–212
  • Adzhubei interviews, 634, 643, 681–682, 689, 780–784, 821–822
  • air access crisis, 792, 813–814
  • Berlin visit proposal, 35
  • Berlin Wall, 330, 332, 345–349, 348–349, 352–353, 380–381, 625
  • border issues, 27, 623–624
  • Brandt, correspondence with, 345–346, 352–353
  • Brandt visit to U.S., 25–30
  • Clay appointment, 380, 382, 557, 649
  • Clay reports, 509
  • Congressional leaders, correspondence with, 837–839
  • Congressional meetings, 837–839
  • contingency planning, 24, 38–39, 222, 267, 379, 393, 462, 762
    • airlift, 39, 86
    • criterion for action, 484–485
    • economic countermeasures, 192–193, 195, 381
    • emergency planning, 195–196, 215–216, 221, 225–226, 392
    • force, use of, 215–216, 518, 628–629
      • military planning, 85, 186, 210–211, 265–266, 395–398, 412–413, 428–429, 488–489, 517–519
      • NSAM No. 109, 520–523, 559–560
      • nuclear weapons, 266, 517–518, 595n , 596n
      • U.S. forces in Europe, expansion of, 220, 398–399
    • German Democratic Republic political situation, 639, 647
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 46–48
    • naval countermeasures, 216, 831, 833
    • stockpiling, 101
    • U.N. appeal, 560
    • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 38–39, 100–101
    • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 830–834
  • de Gaulle, correspondence with, 223–224, 368, 377–378, 493n , 525n , 716–719, 748–751
  • European security arrangements, 496, 627
  • Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin, 264–265
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 498, 544, 551, 553, 619
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 82, 229, 485–486
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, 629–630
  • German peace treaty, 9–10, 91–92, 94, 494–495
  • German unification, 161, 530
  • Germany, Federal Republic of:
    • arms limitations, 616–617, 620–621, 625–626
    • mark revaluation, 21–23, 28–29
    • Soviet Union, relations with, 615–616
  • inter-German relations, 529–530, 606
  • Khrushchev, correspondence with (Pen Pal), 444–455, 502–508, 567–580, 634–636, 643–646, 681–691, 819–822
  • Macmillan, correspondence with, 223–224, 632–634, 637
  • negotiation proposals, 42, 44, 216, 265, 368, 377–378, 401–402, 413, 415, 485, 587, 592–593, 700, 716–717, 748–750
    • Ambassadorial probe/consultations, 679–681
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 701, 703–704
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 382, 588
    • Gromyko visit to Washington, 466, 468–480
    • Macmillan discussions, 696–704
    • Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York), 414, 429
    • summit meeting proposals, 161–162
    • timing, 330, 359
    • U.S. Ambassadorial probe, 402–403, 698, 703, 759–760, 767
    • Western agenda, 360, 403, 460, 593–594
  • Norstad, correspondence with, 520–523
  • press conference (June 28, 1961), 159
  • Southeast Asia, 130n , 211–212
  • speech (July 25, 1961), 223, 227, 233–235, 275–276, 340, 445
  • speech (U.N., Sept. 25, 1961), 441–442, 454, 493
  • U.N. guarantee/observer proposals, 228
  • U.S.-British discussions, 41–44
  • U.S.-French discussions, 80–86
  • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 8–11, 527–532
  • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, relations, 221
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire, 98–102, 107, 165n
  • West Berlin plebiscite proposals, 99, 161, 266
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 261, 309, 411–415
• Kennedy, Robert F., 544, 573, 763, 767, 808, 842–843
  • Berlin Wall, 333–334, 348
  • contingency planning, 195, 260, 395
• Kharlamov, Mikhail A., 401–402, 444–445
• Khrushchev, Nikita S. (see also Soviet subheadings under other subjects; Vienna summit meeting (U.S.-Soviet Union)), 15, 66–69, 68, 292, 759, 810–811
  • Adenauer, letter to (Feb. 17, 1961), 10, 12–13, 18, 22–23, 64, 69
  • Fanfani talks, 279, 292, 446
  • free city proposals, 449–450
  • German peace treaty, 18–20, 87–88, 90–92, 231, 448–449
    • Soviet separate treaty, 19, 55, 66, 88, 93–95
  • interim agreement, 92–93, 95–98
  • Kennedy, correspondence with (Pen Pal), 444–455, 502–508, 567–580, 634–636, 643–646, 681–691, 736–766, 819–822
  • Kroll meeting, 580–581, 589–591, 630, 635, 698
  • McCloy discussions, 231–235
  • negotiation proposals, 56, 401–402
  • Pen Pal correspondence. See Kennedy, correspondence with above.
  • political situation, 16, 41–42, 69, 76
  • speech (Dec. 9, 1961), 665, 673, 678, 692
  • speech (Jan. 6, 1961), 4
  • statement (Jan. 18, 1962), 763–766
• Killick, John E., 111, 269, 281, 303, 405, 661
• Kissinger, Henry A., 35, 107, 176, 588–589, 824–827, 830–831, 840–841
• Klein, David, 508n , 648n
• Klein, Gunther, 668
• Kohler, Foy D., 8n , 16n , 21n , 25n , 64n , 71n , 111n , 125n , 159n , 324n , 329n , 361n , 380n , 388n , 405n , 411n , 415n , 424n , 431n , 439n , 463n , 467n , 492n , 497n , 508n , 527n , 536n , 539n , 544n , 545n , 551n , 553n , 562n , 640n , 694n , 736n , 741n , 768n , 772n , 811n , 846n , 850n , 853n
  • access, 134, 290–291, 600
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 46, 596, 603, 620
  • air access crisis, 792, 812–813, 817–819
  • Berlin Wall, 333–334, 338–339, 361, 366–368
  • contingency planning, 57, 116, 119, 127–128, 133, 217, 228, 381, 462, 519
    • force, use of, 121, 135, 395–396, 487, 528
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 52, 128, 135
    • ICJ appeal, 113, 116–117, 125–126, 131–132
    • preparedness demonstration measures, 116, 122–123
  • departmental measures, 320
  • free city proposals, 118n
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 535, 544n , 554–555
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 229
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, 767
  • Germany, Federal Republic of:
    • arms limitations, 625
    • Berlin, relations with, 599
    • U.S. forces in, 760
  • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin, 167
  • negotiation proposals, 42, 44, 69, 362, 367, 403, 405–406, 468, 695n , 808
  • Soviet separate treaty, 43, 420
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 41
  • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 668
  • U.S. policy toward Berlin, 793–795
  • Vienna summit meeting, 87, 103, 112–113, 127, 131–132
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 269, 281, 291, 299, 303, 405, 411, 415, 650, 661, 672
• Kozlov, Frol R., 394
• Krapf, Franz, 25, 596, 603, 620, 650, 661, 672
• Kroll, Hans, 55, 65–66, 69, 698, 703, 790, 841
  • Khrushchev meeting, 580–581, 589–591, 630, 635, 698
• Kusterer (FRG), 661, 672
• Kuznetzov, V.V., 555
• Laloy, Jean, 126–127, 641
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 269, 291, 299, 303, 405, 550, 661, 672
• Lampson, Edward T., 303
• Langer, Wolfram, 732, 734
• Laos, 10, 12, 31, 41, 48, 74, 76
• Latin America, 10, 31
• Lebel, Claude, 12, 84, 131, 808, 817
• Ledwidge, W.B.J., 650, 672
• Legere, Col. Lawrence J., 223n , 335–337, 583–584, 726–727, 747
• Lehmann, Glenn A., 159n
• Lejins, Nora, 8n , 45n , 46, 590n , 603n , 614n , 620n
• LeMay, Gen. Curtis, 215, 428, 517
• Lemmer, Ernst, 668
• Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 111, 194n , 362n , 369, 544n
  • air access crisis, 800, 812–813
  • Berlin Wall, 333, 350, 370–371
  • contingency planning, 138n , 216, 395–398, 462, 487, 517
• Lightner, Edwin A., Jr., 1–3, 75–76, 441–443, 865–867
  • access harassment, 437–438
  • air access crisis, 814–816, 822–824, 843–844
  • Berlin Wall, 326–327, 332–333, 339–346, 437
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 524–525, 532, 537–539, 543, 552, 564n , 565–566, 585
• Lippmann, Walter, 107, 615
• Lucet, Charles, 269, 281, 291, 299, 303, 405, 415, 650, 661, 672
• Luxembourg, 179
• Lyon, Cecil B., 312n
• Macmillan, Harold, 38, 58, 60, 100, 699, 758
  • Kennedy, correspondence with, 223–224, 632–634, 637
  • negotiation proposals, 42, 44, 696–704
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 38, 41–44, 99–102
• Mali, 397n
• Mansfield, Mike, 29, 117–118, 448
• Matthews, H. Freeman, 321
• Mautner, Karl F., 167n , 214n
• McBride, Robert H., 12n
• McCloy, John J., 112, 114, 116, 231–235, 733
• McDermott, Edward A., 184–185
• McGhee, George C., 12, 15, 36, 112, 123, 236n , 261, 694–695n
• McNamara, Robert, 167, 215n , 221–222, 411, 767, 792
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 596, 603
  • Berlin Wall, 333–334, 344, 347–348, 355
  • Clay appointment, 369, 557
  • contingency planning, 36, 38–39, 176, 347–348, 362–364, 379n , 412, 462, 560
    • federal emergency planning, 189, 196, 209–210, 219–220
    • force, use of, 38, 221, 372, 412, 518
      • military planning, 61–63, 138n , 195, 210–211, 372, 395–397, 412, 428–429, 487–489
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 544n , 547
• Menshikov, Mikhail A., 5, 13, 16, 114, 202–207, 409–411, 468
  • speech (Dec. 11, 1961), 665, 673, 676, 678, 692
  • Vienna summit meeting, 87, 205–206
• Millar, Sir Frederick Hoyer, 36, 39–41, 43, 102n
• Moffett, James D., 111n
• Murphy, Robert D., 349n
• Murrow, Edward R., 219–220, 310, 322–323, 339–341, 395, 397
• National Intelligence Estimates:
  • NIE 11-7-61, 56–57
  • SNIE 2-2-62, 196n
• National Security Council, 109–111, 160–162, 221–222
  • Action Memoranda:
    • NSAM No. 58, 162–165, 187
    • NSAM No. 59, 197–199, 214
    • NSAM No. 62, 225–226
    • NSAM No. 92, 398–399
    • NSAM No. 94, 404
    • NSAM No. 107, 508n
    • NSAM No. 109, 520–523
    • NSAM No. 117, 639
    • NSAM No. 128, 813–814
  • contingency planning, 162–165, 192–197, 195, 219–221
  • documents:
    • NSC 5803, 62
  • meetings:
    • June 13, 1961, 111
    • June 29, 1961, 160–162
    • July 13, 1961, 192–196
    • July 19, 1961, 219–222
• Negotiation proposals (see also Contingency planning; German peace treaty; Interim agreement proposals; U.N. guarantee/observer proposals; Vienna summit meeting (U.S.-Soviet Union); specific topics):
  • Adenauer-de Gaulle meeting, 637–639, 650, 659–660
  • Adenauer-Khrushchev meeting proposals, 759
  • air access and, 407
  • airlift and, 101, 117
  • Ambassadorial probe/consultations (see also U.S.-Soviet bilateral discussion proposals below), 296
    • British position, 276, 305, 362, 662–665, 673, 675, 678
    • French position, 663–665, 673–675, 677
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 665–666, 676–678
    • NATO statement, 666–667, 673, 676–681, 710
    • U.S.-French discussions, 679–681
    • U.S. position, 293, 664, 674–676, 678
  • Berlin Wall and, 331, 338, 342, 344, 711–712
  • British position, 99, 114, 274, 298, 305, 338, 532, 653–655
  • British-Soviet talks proposals, 794–795
  • Commission on Central European problems proposals, 238–239
  • European security proposals, 239, 251–253
  • Foreign Ministers meeting proposals, 238–239, 248–249, 251, 257, 261–262, 319, 419, 430–431, 700
    • British position, 277–279, 294–295, 413–414, 419, 654, 698, 700, 702
    • French position, 271–272, 277, 367–368, 641, 700
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 271–272
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 414
    • Soviet position, 475
    • timing, 227–229, 238, 262, 264–266, 271, 276–279, 293–295, 304–305
  • four-nation non-aggression agreement, 228–229
  • French opposition, 313–316, 361–362, 366–367, 651–652, 654–655
    • Congressional meetings, 839
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 374–375, 692–693
    • Kennedy-Adenauer discussions, 593–595, 692–693
    • Kennedy-de Gaulle correspondence, 368, 377–378, 716–717, 748–750
    • U.S. position, 481–484, 640–641, 701, 793–794, 850–851
  • French position, 12–13, 272–273, 276, 296–298, 304, 413, 418
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis and, 533–536, 541, 554, 585–586
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 697–698, 701, 703–704
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 31, 295, 298, 376, 381–382, 529, 588–589, 593, 631, 654
  • Germany, Federal Republic of-Soviet bilateral talks proposals, 10, 795, 810, 834, 840
  • German peace treaty and, 274, 276
  • German unification and, 485, 490, 529
  • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin discussions, 123
  • Khrushchev statement (Jan. 18, 1962), 763–766
  • military planning and, 418, 653
  • NATO positions, 383, 531–532
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization and, 278, 283
  • NSC discussions, 164
  • peace conference, 117, 227, 263, 292, 296
  • planning, 223, 236–241, 245–259
  • preparedness demonstration measures and, 274–276, 293–294, 305, 413
  • propaganda and, 382
  • protracted talks proposals, 236–241
  • public opinion, 367, 377
  • publicity, 278, 280, 361–362, 376, 407
    • U.S. position, 293, 313, 361–362, 390, 415
  • quadripartite discussions, 64
  • reciprocal declarations proposal (Solution C), 150–151, 157, 228, 240–241, 254, 257, 265
  • refugees, 228
  • Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York), 388, 431–433, 439–441, 456–461
    • British position, 298, 303–304, 306, 362, 406–408, 414, 417
    • French position, 304, 361, 405–408, 413–414, 416–417, 419
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 304–305
    • tripartite discussions, 405–408
    • U.S. position, 298, 304–306, 414, 494, 657, 670–671
    • Western agenda, 429–431
  • Soviet agenda, 460–461, 464–467, 476–477, 487, 630, 657
  • Soviet intentions, 56–57, 71–72
  • Soviet position, 12–13, 232, 474–475
  • Soviet separate treaty and, 276, 314–315, 418
  • summit meeting proposals (see also Vienna summit meeting (U.S.- Soviet Union)), 12, 161–162, 794
  • Thompson-Gromyko talks. See U.S. Ambassadorial probe below. timing, 246–247, 259, 270–271, 295, 304, 359
    • British position, 270–271, 276, 297, 418
  • trade agreements, 228
  • tripartite discussions, 808–811
  • U.N. discussion, possible, 174–175, 227, 258–259, 267, 271, 292–293, 295, 319
    • British position, 271, 275
  • U.S. Ambassadorial probe, 388–389, 394–395, 846
    • British position, 699, 702–703, 767, 790–791
    • French position, 280, 497–498, 525–526
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 832, 834, 840–841
    • planning/instructions for, 709–715, 731–732, 736–745, 758–760, 768–775, 790–791, 807, 846–852
    • Thompson-Gromyko meeting reports, 720–726, 751–755, 784–788, 797–800, 835, 859–862
    • U.S.-British discussions, 730–731
    • U.S. position, 228, 259, 293, 402–403, 694, 697, 706–708, 729, 802–804
  • U.S.-British discussions, 40, 42–44, 562–564, 696–704
  • U.S.-French discussions, 81, 549–550
  • U.S.-German Federal Republic discussions, 402
  • U.S. position, 32, 34, 69, 73–74, 79, 107, 114, 139, 148–151, 162, 175, 177, 217–218, 232, 435–437, 592–593
  • U.S. public statement proposal, 393
  • U.S. “quiet” approach, 250, 262, 264
  • U.S.-Soviet bilateral discussion proposals (see also Rusk- Gromyko discussion (New York) and U.S. Ambassadorial probe above):
    • British position, 562–564
    • French position, 497–498
    • Geneva discussion proposal, 847, 864
    • Gromyko visit to Washington, 466, 468–480
    • Soviet position, 401–402, 452, 475
    • U.S. position, 359, 430, 495, 556, 587–588, 680, 694–695, 794–795
  • use of force and, 297, 396–397, 414, 592, 656, 658, 661–662
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire reply and, 99
  • West Berlin morale and, 654–655
  • Western agenda (see also Western Foreign Ministers meetings; specific issues and proposals), 280, 294
    • Adenauer visit to U.S., 528, 532, 558–559, 562–563, 590–618, 620–634
    • British position, 296–297, 425, 696
    • French position, 270, 362, 417–418, 423–424
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 295–296, 375–376, 414, 423, 425–426, 490–492, 556, 593, 840
    • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin discussion, 228
    • Norstad meeting, 462
    • Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York), 416, 419, 423–426, 429–431
    • U.S. position, 271, 280, 294, 319–320, 360, 376, 403, 425, 460–461, 656–657
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings and, 593, 840
• Nehru, Jawaharlal, 419
• Netherlands, 22, 178, 285, 322, 434
• Neutral countries, 364, 397n , 452–453
• Neutralism, 380, 382–383
• Newsom, Edwin Earl, 334
• Nitze, Paul H., 169, 202n , 202–207, 492n , 551n , 760
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 596, 603, 620
  • contingency planning, 124, 188–190, 217, 462
    • airlift, 200, 372–373
    • force, use of, 122–123, 188, 200–201, 321–322, 395–396, 398, 487, 489
  • Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin, 267
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 544n
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 229–230
  • negotiation proposals, 405, 407
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 269, 291, 299, 411
• Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 29, 462, 557
  • Adenauer visit to U.S., 558–559
  • air access crisis, 800–802, 812–813
  • Berlin Wall, 344, 370
  • contingency planning, 124, 456, 462, 560–561
  • force, use of, 38, 121–122, 560–561
  • military planning, 136–138, 517, 520, 559–560
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 547–548, 557–558
  • Kennedy, correspondence with, 520–523
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (see also Allied contributions under Contingency planning: force, use of; NATO subheadings under other subjects):
  • Berlin guarantee, 47–49
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 810
  • missile force proposal, 176–177
  • negotiation proposals, 278, 283, 383, 666–667, 673–681
  • nuclear weapons, 72, 79, 617, 718–719, 749–750
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire reply, 178–182
  • Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact proposal, 393, 473
• Norway, 532
• Oder-Neisse line. See Border issues.
• Ormsby Gore, Sir David, 102n , 810–811
• negotiation proposals, 562–564, 696–697, 701–702, 730, 794n , 808–811
• Osterheld (FRG), 842
• Owen, Henry, 106, 261, 403
• Paris treaties (1954), 25, 376, 515
• Parsons, J. Graham, 321
• Pelen, Pierre, 12, 808
• Pen Pal correspondence. See Kennedy-Khrushchev (Pen Pal) correspondence under Berlin.
• Percival, J. Graham, 672n
• Perkins, Milo, 211
• Poland (see also Border issues), 10–11, 612
• Propaganda, 32, 147–148, 164, 211, 226, 228, 247–248
  • Berlin Wall and, 330, 332, 334
  • French position, 306
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis and, 548
  • NATO participation, 308, 310
  • negotiation proposals and, 382
  • U.S. position, 259–260, 263, 267, 322–323
• Radio Free Europe (RFE), 31
• Ramsbotham, Peter E., 36, 41
• Rapacki Plan, 242, 474
• Rau (GDR), 2
• Reynaud, Paul, 446
• Ritter (FRG), 281, 291, 299, 303
• Roberts, Sir Frank, 697, 790–791, 794
• Rostow, Walt W., 36, 130n , 404, 805
• Rumbold, Sir Anthony, 650, 661
• Rusk, Dean (see also Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York) under Negotiation proposals), 50, 64–65, 210, 274, 760, 768n , 772n , 775
  • access, 117, 599–600, 640
    • air access, 385–386, 409–411
  • access harassment, 282–283, 463
    • air access crisis, 792, 811–812, 838, 847–848, 850
    • Western responses, 463, 467–468, 727–728
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 46, 596–614, 620–632
  • all-Berlin proposals, 117, 701–702
  • Berlin Wall, 329–330, 332, 337–339, 361–362, 366–368, 761
  • border issues, 11, 609–610, 622–623, 697
  • Clay appointment as Special Representative, 649, 854–856
  • Congressional meetings, 837–839
  • contingency planning, 38–39, 127–128, 159–160, 176, 362–364, 379, 462, 830
    • airlift, 279, 372–373
    • economic countermeasures, 192–193, 195, 279, 283, 287–288
    • emergency planning, 193–194, 284
    • force, use of, 133–135, 285–286, 662
      • land probe, 116, 265, 301
      • military planning, 299–303, 300–301, 322, 395–398, 492–493, 517, 854–856
      • nuclear weapons, 273, 286–287, 297, 302, 319, 371–372, 489
    • German Democratic Republic political situation, 647–648, 853–854
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 51–55, 65, 133–135
    • ICJ appeal, 125, 166
    • naval countermeasures, 373, 424–425
    • preparedness demonstration measures, 274–276, 284–287
    • U.N. appeal, 133, 267
  • disarmament, 810–811
  • European Ambassadors meeting, 318–323
  • Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin, 264–265
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 535–536, 539–541, 544–547, 554, 562–564
  • German Democratic Republic:
    • access control, 3–4, 289–290, 601–603, 605–606
    • political situation, 324, 612, 647–648, 853–854
  • inter-German relations, 601–602, 605–606, 702
  • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on German and Berlin, 167–168
  • Kennedy-Adenauer correspondence, 636–638
  • Kennedy-de Gaulle correspondence, 716–719
  • Kennedy-Khrushchev (Pen Pal) correspondence, 634
  • Khrushchev letter (Feb. 17, 1961), 12–13, 127
  • negotiation proposals, 64, 114, 283, 292, 656
    • Adenauer-de Gaulle meeting, 637–639
    • Ambassadorial probe/consultations, 664, 666–667, 674–676, 678
    • declaration proposal (Solution C), 228
    • Foreign Ministers meeting proposals, 264–265, 271, 276–278, 293–294, 419
    • French position, 313–316, 366–367, 484n
    • Germany, Federal Republic of-Soviet bilateral talks proposals, 810
    • Gromyko visit to Washington, 468
    • Kennedy-de Gaulle correspondence, 716–717
    • preparedness demonstration measures and, 274–276
    • publicity, 280, 293, 313, 362
    • Soviet agenda, 487, 657
    • timing, 227–228, 259, 264–265, 270–271, 276–278, 293–294, 304–305, 359
    • tripartite discussions, 808–811
    • U.N. discussion, possible, 292–293, 298
    • U.S.-British discussions, 562–564, 696–697, 701–703
    • U.S.-Soviet bilateral discussion proposals, 264, 562–564, 587–588
    • U.S. Ambassadorial probe, 388–389, 402, 703, 709–715, 730–731, 736–745, 759, 767, 846–852
    • use of force and, 414, 661–662
    • Western agenda, 280, 294, 297, 359, 375–376, 403, 416, 423–425, 464, 640–641, 656–657
  • propaganda, 267
  • refugees, 282, 324–325
  • Southeast Asia, 212
  • Soviet policies toward Berlin, 129, 192, 208, 805
  • Soviet political situation, 728–729
  • Soviet separate treaty, 14, 276, 420
  • U.N. guarantee/observer proposals, 227–228, 603, 606–607
  • U.N. headquarters/activities relocation proposal, 393, 426, 608, 671
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 38–39, 41, 562–564, 696–697, 701–703, 730–731
  • U.S.-French discussions, 12–16, 131, 312–316, 366–368
  • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 8, 513, 668–672, 830–831
  • U.S. policy toward Berlin, 16–18, 207–209, 224, 793
  • U.S.-Soviet discussions, 385–386, 409–411, 545–547
  • U.S. troop movements, 640, 648, 755–756
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire reply, 108–109, 112–117, 125–127, 131–133, 160–161, 165–166, 180–183
  • Vienna summit meeting, 87, 103
  • West Berlin:
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, relations with, 597–598, 604, 668–670, 732–733
    • morale, 374–375, 733–735
    • plebiscite proposals, 306–308
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 259, 309–311
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 269
    • quadripartite meetings, 281–309, 411–427, 650–659, 661–667, 672–678
    • tripartite meetings, 269–280, 405–408
  • Western summit meeting proposals, 263
• Russell, Adm. J.S., 216
• Russell, John, 36, 41
• Salinger, Pierre, 8, 401–402
• Samuel, Ian, 696, 701
• Schelling, Thomas C., 170–172
• Scherpenberg, Hilger van, 8, 11
• Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 173–176
• Schnez, Maj. Gen., 281, 291, 299, 303, 596, 620
• Schnippenkoetter, Swidbert, 5, 596, 603, 620, 830
• Schorr, Daniel, 670
• Schroeder, Gerhard, 654, 658, 665–666, 676–678
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 596–603, 606–613, 620, 622–623–624
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 650–659, 661–667, 672–678
• Semenov (USSR), 468
• Seydoux, Francois, 328
• Shuckburgh, Sir Evelyn, 111, 114, 127, 696–698, 701
  • contingency planning, 116, 122, 126, 128
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 269, 281, 291, 299, 303, 405, 411, 415, 650, 661, 672
• Smirnov, Andrei A., 10, 591, 631
• Smirnovsky, Mikhail N., 385–386, 409
• Smith, Gerard C., 248
• Sokolov, Oleg M., 385
• Solovyev, Col. A. I., 525n , 537–539, 727n
• Sorensen, Theodore C., 102n , 165–166, 217, 403
• Southeast Asia, 129–130, 211–212
• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 48
• Soviet Union (see also Free city proposals; Negotiation proposals; Soviet subheadings under other subjects):
  • China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 16, 41, 78
  • economic situation, 86
  • German Democratic Republic, relations with, 26
  • political situation, 16, 41–42, 69, 76–77, 705–706
  • space program, 76, 304
  • United States, relations with, 123, 361
• Spaak, Paul-Henri, 446, 471, 595
• Steel, Christopher, 822n , 836
• Steeves, John M., 36, 41
• Stevenson, Adlai E., 36, 39, 175, 393
• Stikker, Dirk U., 178–179, 434, 548
• Stockwell (Deputy SACEUR), 746, 755
• Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 16n , 557n , 746, 755
• Stoph, Adolph, 2
• Strauss, Franz Josef, 265, 611, 613–614, 628–629
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 558–559, 596, 603, 611, 620
• Sukarno, 397
• Sukhodrev (USSR), 87, 96, 468
• Sullivan, Charles A., 169
• Sulzberger, Cyrus L., 401–402
• Summit meeting proposals. See Negotiation proposals; Vienna summit meeting (U.S.-Soviet Union).
• Sweden, 321
• Sweeney, Joseph, 562n
• Swihart, James W., 36
• Switzerland, 321
• Taylor, Maxwell D., 223, 583, 747
  • contingency planning, 190, 211, 230–231, 264, 392, 462, 647n
  • military planning, 186, 188, 395, 428–429, 487, 489
• Thompson, Llewellyn E. (see also U.S. Ambassadorial probe and Ambassadorial probe/consultations under Negotiation proposals), 18–19, 87, 122–123, 400–401, 634–636
  • all-Berlin proposal, 241, 243
  • confederation proposal, 725–726
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 541–543, 564, 581–583
  • German peace treaty, 30–33, 31, 66–68
  • negotiation proposals, 69, 123, 243–245, 394–395, 556, 705
  • Soviet policies toward Berlin, 6–7, 77, 139, 241–242
  • U.S. policy toward Berlin, 69–70, 77–78
  • U.S.-Soviet discussions, 66–69, 231–235
• Thomson, John A., 36, 58, 111, 808
• Thurston, Raymond L., 337n
• Topping, John L., 187n , 199n
• Trivers, Howard, 746, 761
• Tubby, Roger, 118, 159n
• Turkey, 179, 182–183, 321–322, 434
• Tyler, William R., 131n , 324n , 641, 679n , 696, 701n , 808
• U-2 incident, 18, 68, 93, 292
• Ulbricht, Walter, 1–2, 292n
• U.N. guarantee/observer proposals:
  • British position, 100
  • corridor proposals, 117, 607
  • German Democratic Republic access control and, 603, 606–607
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 29, 606–607
  • Soviet position, 19, 88, 93, 97–98, 451, 576
  • U.S. position, 151, 158, 227–228, 240–241, 263, 294
  • West Berlin plebiscite, 393
• Underdeveloped countries, Germany, Federal Republic of, aid to, 23, 28–29
• United Kingdom (see also Contingency planning; British, United Kingdom, tripartite, quadripartite, and Western subheadings under other subjects), 28
• United Nations (see also U.N. guarantee/observer proposals):
  • headquarters/activities relocation proposal, 393, 426
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 607–609, 671
    • Soviet position, 451, 516
  • Kennedy speech (Sept. 25, 1961), 441–442, 454
• U.S. change of administration, 5–6, 22
• U.S. Information Agency (USIA), 260, 263
• U.S.-Soviet bilateral discussions. See Negotiation proposals; Vienna summit meeting (U.S.-Soviet Union).
• Vienna summit meeting (U.S.-Soviet Union), 31–32, 70–79, 87–98, 103, 109–111
  • Soviet aide-memoire, 96
  • Western reply, 107–109, 125–127, 131, 165–166, 178–183, 212–213
    • French position, 131, 178–179, 181n
    • NSC discussions, 160–161, 194
    • U.S.-British discussions, 98–102, 111–117
    • U.S.-German Federal Republic discussions, 132–133
  • Soviet position, 205–206
• Vigderman, Alfred G., 117n
• Vine, Richard D., 730n
• Von Brentano, Heinrich. See Brentano, Heinrich von.
• Watson, Maj. Gen. Albert, II, 525n , 537–539, 558, 704, 746
• Weber, Heinz, 8, 46, 281, 590, 603, 614, 620
• West Berlin:
  • economic situation, 671
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, relations with:
    • British position, 696
    • economic aid, 732–733
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 531, 597–599, 608, 668–670
    • harassment, 4
    • incorporation proposal, 400–401, 491–492, 597–598, 669–670, 731–732
    • political activities, 272
    • Soviet position, 67, 568, 580–581, 725
    • U.S. position, 604, 609, 731–732, 739–740
  • Kennedy visit, 35
  • morale, 373, 382, 499, 510–512, 532, 775–776
    • Berlin Wall and, 333, 339–341, 349n , 350
    • French position, 654–655
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 374–375, 700, 733–735
  • neutralization. See Free city proposals.
  • plebiscite proposals:
    • British position, 99, 307
    • French position, 307–308
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 307–308, 598
    • Soviet position, 788
    • U.S. position, 70, 99, 161, 228, 266, 306–307, 393, 788, 807
  • Soviet forces in:
    • British position, 100, 700
    • Soviet position, 88, 472–473, 479, 575–576, 686
    • U.S. position, 476, 506, 607, 798
  • Western covert activities, 32, 252
    • Soviet position, 206, 578, 687–688, 730–731
  • Western forces in:
    • French position, 85
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 29–30
    • Soviet position, 5, 88, 682–685, 687–688, 799–800
    • U.S. position, 43, 67, 737–738, 752–753, 798
• Western European Union (WEU), 278, 285, 626
• Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 64–65, 269–309
  • British position, 297
  • French position, 296
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 269–270
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 593
  • publicity, 308–311
  • quadripartite meetings, 281–309, 411–424, 650–659, 661–667, 672–678
  • tripartite meetings, 269–280, 405–408
  • U.S. position, 259, 297
  • U.S. preparations, 261–264
• Western Four-Power Working Group. See Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin.
• Western summit meeting proposals, 259, 262–263, 267, 483
• Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 812
• Williams, G. Mennen, 36
• Wilson, Donald E., 260, 339
• Winckler, Jean-Claude, 12, 15, 131, 366, 368n , 808, 817
• Wolf (FRG), 845
• Wright, J.O., 111
• Zorin-Bolz agreement. See Bolz-Zorin agreement.
• Zulueta, Philip de, 36, 41, 98