Index

• Access (see also Access harassment; Contingency planning; German Democratic Republic access control):
  • air access (see also air access crisis under Access harassment; airlift under Contingency planning; U.N. guarantee/observer proposals), 290– 291, 394– 395, 407, 409– 411, 578– 579
  • British position, 697
  • civilian vs. military traffic, 134, 174, 599– 600, 604– 605
  • corridor proposals (see also international supervision below), 114, 117, 461, 516, 531, 697, 713, 723
  • detailed description of rights, 461
  • free city proposals and, 466– 467
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 134, 531, 599– 600, 790
  • international supervision (see also corridor proposals above):
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 790
    • Soviet position, 713, 723, 774– 775, 784– 786, 821
    • U.S. position, 461, 722– 723, 731, 741– 742, 753, 768– 770, 786– 787, 798, 851
  • Soviet position, 394– 395, 409– 410, 473, 578– 579, 713, 723
  • Soviet provocation accusations, 640
  • Soviet separate treaty and, 421
  • stabilization of existing procedures, 34
  • tripartite reinforced division, 124
  • U.S. troop movements, 640, 648, 755– 756, 776
    • British position, 746– 747, 755– 756
  • worker control, 281– 283, 730
• Access harassment (see also Access; Berlin Wall; Contingency planning; German Democratic Republic access control), 555– 556
  • air access, 555
    • contingency planning, 37, 62, 290– 291, 379– 380, 384– 385, 521, 811, 822– 824
  • air access crisis, 792, 811– 812, 821
    • British position, 802n , 816, 836
    • Congressional meetings, 838
    • French position, 816– 818
    • German Democratic Republic access control and, 828, 862– 863
    • Soviet objectives, 814– 815, 818– 819, 828, 856– 858
    • U.S. Ambassadorial probe discussions, 847– 848, 850, 859– 861
    • Western responses, 796– 797, 800– 802, 812– 814, 816– 818, 828– 829, 836, 843– 844
  • Clay reports, 510– 511
  • French position, 14– 16
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 524– 525, 532– 539, 544– 545, 547– 548, 551– 555, 558, 565– 566, 581– 584, 776
    • Berlin Wall and, 565, 583– 584
    • contingency planning, 498– 502, 508– 509, 557– 558, 619
    • negotiation proposals and, 533– 536, 541, 554, 585– 586
    • U.S.-Soviet discussions, 537– 539, 541– 543, 545– 547, 564
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 9, 26, 48, 282, 288
  • negotiation proposals and, 533– 536, 541
  • possibility of, 9, 14– 16, 26, 31, 48, 57, 91, 161, 288, 805
  • refugees and, 282
  • Soviet blockade, possible, 48, 67, 174
  • Soviet position, 67, 91, 721– 722, 754
  • Soviet separate treaty and, 65
  • U.S.-Soviet discussions, 537– 539
  • Watson incident (Dec. 23, 1961), 704
  • West Berliners, 342– 343
  • Western responses (see also air access crisis above; criterion for action under Contingency planning: force, use of), 437– 438, 463, 467– 468, 704, 727– 728, 777
• Acheson, Dean, 58, 60, 138– 140, 229– 230, 245– 246
  • contingency planning, 46, 115, 156– 159, 188, 258– 259
    • airlift, 123, 154– 155, 161
    • economic countermeasures, 145– 147, 154, 196
    • emergency planning, 189– 190, 193, 217, 220
    • force, use of, 36– 38, 116, 151– 153, 155– 156, 189, 254– 256
      • military planning, 188, 395– 398, 517– 519
      • nuclear weapons, 119– 120, 140– 142, 156, 158– 159, 161
    • ICJ appeal, 112, 114
    • preparedness demonstration measures, 115– 116, 120– 123, 142– 148
    • propaganda, 147– 148, 263
  • negotiation proposals, 40, 148– 151, 162, 227– 229, 245– 259, 261, 490– 492
• Achilles, Theodore C., 324n
• Adenauer, Konrad, 50– 51, 758– 759, 842
  • Berlin Wall, 354– 355, 591– 592, 625
  • contingency planning, 46– 48, 51, 595n , 596n , 824– 827, 830– 831, 840– 841 de Gaulle meeting, 637– 639, 650, 659– 660
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, 629– 630
  • Kennedy, correspondence with, 223– 224, 380, 389– 391, 493– 497, 527, 636– 638, 641– 642, 659– 660
  • Kennedy talks, 528, 532
  • legal rights, 49– 50, 608
  • negotiation proposals, 593– 594, 692– 693, 810, 834, 840, 864
  • U.N. headquarters/activities relocation proposal, 607– 609
  • U.S. visits, 21, 24, 45– 51, 528, 532, 558– 559, 562– 563, 590– 618, 620– 634
• Adzhubei, Alexei I., 444– 445, 634, 643, 681– 682, 689, 780– 784, 808, 821– 822, 851
• Air access crisis. See under Access harassment.
• Akalovsky, Alexander, 87n , 96n , 468n , 780n
• All-Berlin proposal, 69– 70
  • British position, 127
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 295– 296, 531
  • Soviet position, 722, 725, 753, 785
  • U.S. position, 117, 241, 243– 244, 251, 294, 596, 701– 702, 723– 726, 768– 769
• Alphand, Herve, 13– 16, 131, 366– 368, 817– 819
  • negotiation proposals, 12, 366– 368, 405, 640– 641, 808– 811
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 415, 650, 661, 672
• Alsop, Joseph, 107, 331, 622
• Amory, Robert, 199
• Amrehn, Franz, 332– 333
• Anderson, Adm. George W., 517
• Anderson, Robert B., 24
• Andronikov (USSR), 312, 807
• Armitage, John A., 71n
• Ausland, John C., 324n , 853n
• Austria, 321
• Bahr, Egon, 25, 668
• Ball, George W., 324n , 492– 502, 596, 603, 789
  • negotiation proposals, 497– 498, 679, 730, 767– 775
• Behrendt (GDR), 2
• Beigel, Edgar J., 12
• Beitz (FRG), 11
• Belgium, 178, 434, 532
• Berlin (see also Access; Access harassment; All-Berlin proposal; [Page 871] Berlin Wall; Contingency planning; Free city proposals; German Democratic Republic access control; negotiation proposals; West Berlin):
  • confederation proposal, 725– 726, 745
  • Kennedy-Adenauer correspondence, 380, 389– 391, 527, 636– 638, 641– 642, 659– 660
  • Kennedy-Khrushchev (Pen Pal) correspondence, 444– 455, 502– 508, 567– 580, 634– 636, 643– 646, 681– 691, 819– 822
  • legal rights, 52, 113– 114, 737
    • British position, 699, 702– 703, 743
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 49– 50, 597, 608
    • Soviet position, 92, 95, 785– 786
    • U.S. position, 72, 88– 89, 92, 604– 605, 743– 744
  • NATO guarantee, 47– 49
    • Soviet policies toward, 6– 7, 56– 57, 75– 77
    • British position, 41, 816n
    • French position, 12– 13, 81, 650– 651
    • Khrushchev letter (Feb. 17, 1961), 10, 12– 13, 18, 22– 23, 64, 69, 127
    • tripartite discussions, 808– 810
    • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 9– 10, 26
    • U.S. position, 129– 130, 138– 140, 173, 175, 192, 208, 237– 238, 241– 242, 245– 246, 515– 516, 705– 706, 805– 807
    • U.S.-Soviet discussions, 387
  • U.S.-British discussions, 41– 44
  • U.S.-French discussions, 80– 86, 312– 316
  • U.S.-German Federal Republic discussions, 8– 11, 513– 514, 527– 532, 668– 672
  • U.S.-Soviet discussions, 66– 69, 202– 207, 231– 235
  • U.S. policy toward, 69– 70, 78– 79, 514– 516, 762, 793– 795, 865– 867
    • Clay appointment, 369, 380, 382, 391, 557, 649, 854– 856
    • communication to Soviet Union, 16– 20
    • Congressional meetings, 837– 839
    • Kennan criticisms, 435– 437, 706– 708, 728, 802– 804, 865
    • quadripartite discussions, 223– 224
    • State Department papers, 33– 34, 207– 210
    • U.S.-French discussions, 12– 16
    • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 8– 9, 22, 25, 29
    • U.S. position, 174, 236– 237, 246
• Berlin Airlift (1949), 85, 105
• Berlin Steering Group, 223, 259– 260, 333– 334, 347– 349, 395– 398
• Berlin Wall, 325
  • British position, 338
  • contingency planning, 379, 404– 405, 443n
  • economic aid to Berlin and, 733– 734family visits, 671– 672
  • free city proposals and, 328
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis and, 565, 583– 584
  • German Democratic Republic political situation and, 324, 437
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 326– 328, 338, 530, 581
  • negotiation proposals and, 331, 338, 342, 344, 711– 712
  • possibility of, 2– 3, 32
  • preparedness demonstration measures and, 338, 347– 348
  • refugees and, 32, 341– 342, 464, 591– 592, 625, 737, 753
  • Soviet/German Democratic Republic motivations, 341– 343, 364– 365, 464– 465, 591– 592
  • Soviet position, 581, 591, 721, 753
  • U.N. appeal and, 347, 356
  • U.S.-French discussions, 366– 368
  • U.S. position, 479, 737
  • Western Ally restrictions, 364– 366
  • Western responses:
    • Allied "patrols" increase, 336, 338, 361
    • Commandant crossing, 365, 370– 371
    • Commandant protest, 327– 329, 333– 334
    • cultural diplomatic measures, 329, 330n , 334, 340, 343, 358, 361, 789
    • economic countermeasures, 330, 334, 337, 343, 358, 361
    • force, use of, 370, 726– 727, 761
    • French position, 337– 338, 361, 366
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, military buildup, 338, 355
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 327– 328, 329n , 332– 334, 337– 339, 345– 346, 358, 374, 380– 381, 625, 670
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, public opinion, 333, 339– 341, 349n , 350
    • JCS position, 370– 371
    • Johnson visit to Berlin, 337, 348, 351, 354– 358
    • Leipzig Fair boycott. See cultural diplomatic measures above. negotiation proposals, 625, 670
    • propaganda, 330, 332, 334
    • publicity, 349
    • quadripartite discussions, 329– 330, 337– 339, 361– 362
    • Soviet Union protest note, 327, 329, 333, 338, 341
    • three-power status proposal, 346, 353
    • travel ban, 329, 330n , 331, 334, 337– 339, 343, 358, 361
    • tripartite statement, 347– 348, 361, 366
    • U.N. appeal, 347, 356
    • U.S. position, 510, 776– 777
    • West Berlin garrison reinforcements, 334, 336, 338, 344, 346– 348, 350– 353, 356– 358
• Bernau, Phyllis D., 760n
• Bohlen, Charles E., 16n , 388n , 415n , 709n , 714n , 736n , 741n , 768n , 772n , 819n , 846n , 850n
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 596, 603, 620
  • Berlin Wall, 464– 465
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, 767
  • German unification, 44
  • negotiation proposals, 87, 403, 405– 408, 464– 465, 695n , 697– 698, 700
  • Soviet forces in West Berlin, 724n
  • Soviet political situation, 41– 42
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 41– 42, 696, 701
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 281, 303, 405, 411, 415, 650, 661, 672
• Bolshakov, Georgi N., 544, 567n , 573n , 780
• Bolz-Zorin agreement, 417, 422, 793
• Border issues (see also German peace treaty; German unification):
  • British position, 280, 655, 696
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 10, 27, 490, 609– 611, 623– 624, 658, 864
  • Soviet position, 67, 71, 91– 92, 242, 460, 471, 807
  • U.S. position, 70, 91, 124, 150– 151, 228, 609, 611, 623, 697, 810
• Bovey, John A., 318n
• Bowles, Chester, 5– 6, 117– 118, 411, 431– 433, 435, 439– 441, 551, 553– 554
• Brandin, Robert M., 324n , 789n
• Brandt, Willy, 281– 282, 307, 668– 671, 730, 843
  • Berlin Wall, 326– 327, 345– 346, 348, 352, 355– 357, 671– 672
  • Kennedy, correspondence with, 345– 346, 352– 353
  • U.S. visit, 22, 25– 30, 668– 672
• Brentano, Heinrich von, 8– 11, 46, 48, 64– 65, 282, 493
  • all-Berlin proposal, 295– 296
  • contingency planning, 48– 49, 285– 288, 299– 303, 425– 426
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 290, 420
  • German peace treaty, 9– 10, 31– 33, 48, 288– 289
  • German unification, 295
  • inter-German relations, 290, 421– 422
  • negotiation proposals, 64, 295– 296, 304– 305, 414, 425– 426
  • West Berlin plebiscite proposals, 307– 308
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 281– 309, 411– 427
• Brook, Sir Norman, 36, 41, 696, 701
• Brown, L. Dean, 366n
• Bruce, David K.E., 43– 44, 59, 175, 460n , 514– 516
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 41, 102n , 696, 701
• Bundy, McGeorge, 33n , 209n , 219n , 221– 222, 227n , 268, 324n , 636n , 736n , 741n
  • access harassment, 544n , 619, 704, 792, 813– 814
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 603, 620
  • all-Berlin proposal, 531
  • Berlin Wall, 331, 333– 334
  • contingency planning, 62, 162– 165, 176– 177, 264, 462, 762
    • air access, 384– 385
    • economic countermeasures, 192– 193, 197– 198, 217
    • emergency planning, 189– 190, 193– 194, 197, 217, 225– 226force, use of, 162– 163, 198, 260, 392, 395, 397– 398, 428, 487– 489, 517– 519
    • naval countermeasures, 216– 217
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 262– 263
  • German peace treaty, 106
  • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on German and Berlin, 168, 227– 230inter-German relations, 529– 530
  • negotiation proposals, 177, 217– 218, 259, 330– 331, 403, 588– 589, 679, 696, 701– 702
    • Foreign Ministers meeting proposals, 261– 262, 430– 431
    • Western agenda, 379n , 429– 431, 460– 461
  • propaganda, 259– 260, 263
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 41, 102n
  • U.S.-German Federal Republic discussions, 527
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire reply, 107– 109
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 261– 264
• Burdett, William C., 36n , 41n
• Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 129– 130, 161
• Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 395– 396
• Caccia, Sir Harold, 36, 41, 102n , 111, 361– 362, 405, 411, 415
• Canada, 179, 434
• Carstens, Karl, 599
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 46, 596, 599– 600, 602– 603, 620
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 281, 291, 299, 303, 411, 415, 420, 650, 661, 672
• Cash, Frank E., Jr., 71n , 119n , 184– 185, 281n , 337n , 439n , 456n , 497n , 661n
• Chayes, Abram J., 267, 694– 695
• China, People's Republic of, 16, 41, 78, 230
• Clarke, Bruce, 350, 370
• Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 448, 603, 640, 726n , 747
  • access harassment, 437– 438, 463, 467, 510– 511
    • air access crisis, 792, 811– 812
    • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 532– 534, 543– 544, 552, 584– 586
  • appointment as Special Representative in Berlin, 369, 380, 382, 557, 649, 854– 856
  • Berlin visit, 348, 351, 354
  • Berlin Wall, 443n , 498– 502, 761, 776– 777
  • contingency planning, 484, 510– 511, 585– 587, 854
  • negotiation proposals, 585– 586, 864
  • reports, 509– 513, 775– 779
• Cleveland, Harlan, 36, 393n
• Conference of Non-Aligned Countries (Belgrade), 266
• Congo crisis, 10, 12, 29, 31, 203
• Congress, U.S. (see also emergency planning under Contingency planning), 123, 146, 190, 837– 839
• Contingency planning (see also German Democratic Republic access control):
  • air access, 37, 62, 290– 291, 379– 380, 384– 385, 396, 456, 521, 811, 822– 824
  • airlift, 117, 163, 167, 292, 301– 302
    • British position, 38, 101, 279, 302
    • French position, 85– 86, 279, 302
    • U.S. position, 39, 116, 121– 123, 154– 155, 161, 230– 231, 257, 279, 320, 372– 373
  • Berlin Wall and, 379, 404– 405, 443n
  • British position, 14, 58, 152
  • British/French participation, 128, 312– 313, 323
  • criterion for action, 58, 83, 658
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 374– 375
    • U.S. position, 60, 83, 151– 153, 174, 264, 423, 484– 485, 656
  • diplomatic measures, 104, 288
  • economic countermeasures, 164, 217, 268, 289, 317, 522
    • British position, 279, 287– 288
    • French position, 86, 287– 288, 412
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 287– 288, 381, 826
    • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin, discussions, 168, 187, 199– 200, 214, 336
    • NATO participation, 168, 187, 288, 412, 826
    • NSC discussions, 192– 193, 195, 197– 198, 226
    • U.S. position, 104, 145– 147, 154, 217, 279, 283, 287– 288, 321, 522, 561
  • emergency planning, 162, 168, 184– 185, 193– 197, 209– 212, 221
    • military budget increase, 189– 190, 193, 196– 197, 209– 210, 215, 225– 226, 392
    • National Emergency declaration, 189– 191, 193, 195, 197, 209– 210, 215, 217, 219– 220, 284
  • failure possibilities, 156– 159
  • force, use of (see also preparedness demonstration measures below):
    • air access, 37, 62, 521
    • Allied contributions, 198, 200– 201, 215– 216, 221, 226, 254– 256, 322, 338, 456, 628– 629
      • British position, 270, 283– 284
      • French position, 283– 284, 412
      • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 285– 286
    • British position, 100, 540
    • criterion for action, 151– 153, 174, 656, 658
    • economic effects of, 221, 518, 549
    • force levels, 63
    • French position, 13, 174, 273– 274
    • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 498– 502, 508– 509, 540, 557– 558
    • general war (see also nuclear weapons below), 62, 83, 265, 414, 481– 483, 523, 658
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 132– 135, 201, 285– 286
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 265
    • land probe, 155– 156, 174, 200– 201
      • British position, 38– 39, 116, 121
      • U.S. position, 62, 85, 105, 120– 122, 128, 140– 141, 155– 156, 161, 265, 301, 560
    • military planning (see also preparedness demonstration measures below; U.S. forces in Europe, expansion of below), 61– 63, 85, 136– 138, 186, 210– 211, 395– 398, 487– 489
      • British position, 653
      • command, 300– 301, 413, 510– 511, 777– 778, 818, 854– 856
      • French position, 300– 301, 418
      • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 300, 513n , 528
      • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 300– 301, 559, 831– 832
      • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin, discussions, 167, 188, 200, 335– 336
      • NATO participation, 308, 317, 322, 372, 412– 413, 492– 493
      • negotiation proposals and, 418, 653
      • NSAMs, 162– 163, 198, 520– 523, 559– 560
      • nuclear weapons, 145– 146, 266, 321– 322, 372, 517– 518, 520– 521, 523
      • Western Defense Ministers meeting, 260, 265– 266
      • Western Foreign Ministers meeting discussions, 299– 303, 412– 413
    • NATO role, 215, 300, 336, 399
    • negotiation proposals and, 297, 396– 397, 592, 656
    • nuclear weapons (see also general war above):alternatives to, 34, 371– 372
      • British position, 121, 300– 301
      • communication to Soviet Union, 140– 141, 161, 283, 363, 485, 521, 528
      • control of, 145, 163, 172, 301
      • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 52, 527– 528, 595n , 596n
      • JCS position, 62, 135– 136
      • negotiation proposals and, 297, 592, 656
      • planning, 145– 146, 266, 321– 322, 372, 517– 518, 520– 521, 523
      • possibility of, 158– 159, 273– 274, 319, 656
      • U.S.-Soviet discussions, 203– 204, 232– 235
      • U.S. position, 37, 47, 72, 79, 119– 121, 141– 142, 156, 170– 172, 174, 286– 287, 302, 516
    • public opinion, 273– 274
    • Soviet capabilities, 399, 662, 809, 831
    • Soviet response, 231– 234
    • special forces, 63
    • U.N. appeal and, 396, 560
    • U.S.-British discussions, 37
    • U.S. forces in Europe, expansion of (see also military planning above), 138n , 163– 164, 189, 220, 392, 398– 399, 428– 429, 561
    • U.S. position, 46– 47, 265, 585– 587
    • worldwide theater, 320– 321
  • French position, 14– 15, 83, 658
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 498– 502, 508– 509, 557– 558, 619
  • German Democratic Republic, possible uprising in, 379, 639, 647– 648, 777, 853– 854
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 40, 46– 49, 51– 55, 63, 65, 124, 128, 132– 135
  • force, use of, 132– 135, 201, 285– 286, 300, 513n , 528
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 26, 134– 135
  • ICJ appeal:
    • British position, 126, 166
    • French position, 126, 131, 166
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 126, 132– 133
    • U.S. position, 113, 116– 117, 125– 126, 249– 250, 393, 426
  • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin, 119– 124, 164– 165, 167– 169, 187– 191, 227– 230
  • JCS discussion, 362– 364
  • Kissinger-Adenauer talks, 824– 827, 830– 831, 840– 841
  • NATO information, 49, 65, 222
  • NATO participation (see also preparedness demonstration measures below), 38, 104, 176– 177
    • economic countermeasures, 168, 187, 288, 412, 826
    • force, use of, 215, 300, 336, 399
    • military planning, 308, 317, 322, 372, 412– 413, 492– 493
    • NATO positions, 434– 435
    • preparedness demonstration measures, 284– 285, 336, 338
    • propaganda, 308, 310
    • U.S.-British discussions, 115
    • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 53– 54
  • naval countermeasures, 145, 163, 188, 216, 373, 412, 424– 425, 561, 833
    • Allied participation, 216– 217, 413
    • British position, 412
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 425, 491, 527, 826– 827, 841, 864
  • neutral countries confidential meetings, 103– 104
  • Norstad meeting, 462
  • phases of, 188– 189, 198
  • preparedness demonstration measures (see also military planning under force, use of above), 115– 116, 120– 121, 309
    • Berlin Wall and, 338, 347– 348
    • British position, 287, 305
    • French position, 287, 413
    • NATO participation, 284– 285, 336, 338
    • negotiation proposals and, 274– 276, 293– 294, 305, 413
    • U.S. position, 142– 148, 163– 164, 283, 286– 287, 399
  • publicity, 23, 159– 160, 164, 309, 779
  • stockpiling, 26, 101, 115, 412
  • tripartite discussions, 127– 128
  • tripartite participation, 15, 38– 40, 518– 519
  • U.N. appeal (see also ICJ appeal above; Negotiation proposals), 125– 126, 133, 258– 259, 267, 560, 702
    • Berlin Wall and, 347, 356
    • force, use of and, 396, 560
  • Uniting for Peace resolution, 702
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36– 40, 100– 101
  • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 46– 48, 46– 49, 51– 55, 830– 834
  • U.S. position, 24, 34
  • worldwide countermeasures, 15, 61, 63, 523
• Couve de Murville, Maurice, 65, 272, 276, 283, 307– 308
  • contingency planning, 279, 285, 287– 288, 302, 413
  • force, use of, 273– 274, 283– 284, 299– 302, 300– 301, 412
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 273, 289– 290
  • negotiation proposals, 272– 273, 276, 280, 296– 298, 368n , 413, 651– 652, 658
    • Ambassadorial probe/consultations, 663– 664, 666– 667, 673– 675, 677
    • Foreign Ministers meeting proposals, 271– 272, 277, 413– 414, 641
    • Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York), 304, 405– 408, 416– 417
    • timing, 270, 304
    • West Berlin morale and, 654– 655
    • Western agenda, 417– 418, 425
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 269– 270
    • quadripartite meetings, 281– 309, 411– 427, 650– 659, 661– 667, 672– 678
    • tripartite meetings, 269– 280, 405– 408
• Cuba, 12, 68, 74, 76
• Currien, Giles, 405
• Czechoslovakia. See Border issues.
• Davis, Richard H., 12, 14, 16n , 124, 324n , 853n
• Day, Arthur R., 329n , 424n , 463n , 467n , 587n , 727n
• de Carbonnel, Charles, 269, 281, 291, 299, 303
• de Gaulle, Charles, 80– 86, 312, 623– 624
  • Adenauer, meeting with, 637– 639, 650, 659– 660
  • contingency planning, 85– 86, 126, 166, 174
  • German unification, 66, 231– 232, 570
  • Kennedy, correspondence with, 223– 224, 368, 377– 378, 493n , 525n , 716– 719, 748– 751
  • negotiation proposals, 313– 316, 368, 377– 378, 481– 482, 525– 526, 549– 550, 593– 594, 621– 622, 679– 681, 700, 716– 717, 748– 750
  • speech (Oct. 2, 1961), 481
• Dean, Sir Patrick, 36
• Decker, Maj. Gen. C.L., 517
• Defense, U.S. Department of, 188– 189, 229, 508n , 853n
• Dillon, C. Douglas, 36, 161, 767
  • contingency planning, 162, 168, 176, 195, 221– 222
• Disarmament (see also European security arrangements), 31, 73– 75, 496, 507
  • nuclear testing, 31, 717– 718
  • Soviet position, 446– 447
  • Statement of Principles, 446– 447
  • summit meeting proposal, 810– 811
• Dixon, Sir Pierson, 672
• Dobrynin, Anatoly F., 87, 794– 795
• Dowling, Walter C., 7n , 8, 78n , 191– 192, 513– 514, 760, 842, 864
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 46, 596, 603, 620
  • air access crisis, 796– 797, 828– 829, 836, 856– 858, 862– 863
  • Berlin Wall, 328, 341
  • contingency planning, 104– 105, 824– 827, 840– 841
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 534n , 547n , 552n
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 844– 886, 862– 863
  • Kennedy-Adenauer correspondence, 497n , 641– 642, 659– 660
  • negotiation proposals, 103, 692– 693, 834, 840, 864
  • Soviet memorandum (Dec. 27, 1961), 756– 757
• Dulles, Allen W., 195, 333, 349, 462
• Dulles, John Foster, 47, 52, 59– 60
• Ebert (E. Berlin Mayor), 28
• Eckhardt, Felix von, 603
• Eddleman, Gen. Clyde, 215
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 349
• Ellis, Frank B., 196
• Erhard, Ludwig, 732– 735
• Etzdorf, Hasso von, 8
• European integration, 175, 841
• European security arrangements:
  • British position, 659
  • French position, 483
  • German arms limitations, 242, 393, 471– 472, 474
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, arms limitations:
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 616, 625– 626
    • Soviet position, 56, 459, 474, 516
    • U.S. position, 466, 616– 617, 620– 621, 625– 626
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, neutralization, 516, 658– 659
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 27, 530, 613– 614, 616, 625– 629, 658, 833
  • Germany, foreign forces in, reduction, 68, 473– 474, 613– 614, 627– 629
  • negotiation proposals and, 239, 251– 253
  • Rapacki Plan, 242, 474
  • Soviet position, 56, 68, 242, 456– 457, 459, 461, 471– 474, 516
  • U.S. position, 239, 294, 393, 459, 466, 496, 613, 616– 617, 620– 621, 625– 626, 628– 629
• Fanfani, Amintore, 279, 292, 446
• Farrell, Adm., 123– 124
• Fessenden, Russell H., 159n , 431n , 439n , 456n , 492n
• Festing, Sir Francis, 269, 281, 291, 299– 300, 303
• Finland, 554, 651
• Finletter, Thomas K., 178– 179, 383, 433n , 435
  • contingency planning, 79n , 222, 434– 435, 456, 492
• Fleiderer (FRG), 531
• Ford Foundation, 733
• Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin, 22– 23, 132n , 259, 264– 265, 267– 268, 316– 318, 405– 408, 698n , 744
• Fowler, Henry H., 187, 190, 200, 267, 333, 336
• France (see also Contingency planning; France, French, tripartite, quadripartite, and Western subheadings under other subjects):
  • nuclear weapons, 718– 719, 749– 750
• Free city proposals (see also U.N. guarantee/observer proposals), 41– 42
  • access and, 466– 467
  • Berlin Wall and, 328
  • four-power forces proposals, 19, 472– 473, 476, 479, 575– 576
  • French position, 12– 13, 273
  • German peace treaty and, 19, 572
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 117– 118
  • Mansfield speech, 117– 118
  • Soviet position, 19, 88, 206, 449, 461, 472, 568, 571– 573, 657, 689, 723– 724
    • Khrushchev letter to Adenauer (Feb. 17, 1961), 10, 12– 13, 18, 22– 23, 64, 69
  • U.N. headquarters/activities relocation proposal, 393, 426, 451, 516, 607– 609, 671
  • U.S.-British discussions, 42– 44
  • U.S. position, 17, 67, 108, 151, 516, 731– 732, 742, 769, 787
  • Western version, 393, 423, 426
• Freeman, Orville L., 333
• Freshman, C. Arnold, 732n , 789n
• Friedrichstrasse crisis. See under Access harassment.
• Froment-Meurice, 291, 299, 303
• Frontier issues. See Border issues.
• Gaitskell, Hugh, 175
• Gavin, James M., 12, 312, 481– 484, 525– 526, 549– 550
• German Democratic Republic access control (see also Access harassment; Contingency planning; German peace treaty: Soviet separate treaty), 3– 4
  • agency principle, 51, 59– 61, 289
  • air access crisis and, 828, 862– 863
  • British position, 40, 152, 230, 273
  • civilian vs. military traffic and, 174
  • document stamping, 152, 229– 230, 262– 263, 266
  • French position, 82, 273, 289
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, and, 277
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 48, 51, 420– 421
  • inter-German relations and, 290, 601– 602, 605– 606
  • international access supervision and, 774– 775
  • negotiation proposals and, 846
  • peel-off procedure, 58– 59, 105, 289
  • refugees, 272
  • Soviet intentions, 40, 48, 67, 93, 98, 242, 420
  • Soviet position, 723, 738– 739, 753– 754, 773– 775
  • Soviet reverse agency proposal, 844– 886
  • U.N. guarantee/observer proposals and, 603, 606– 607
  • U.S.-German Democratic Republic discussion proposals, 230
  • U.S. position, 83, 152– 153, 320, 463, 485– 486, 754
• German Democratic Republic (see also European security arrangements; German Democratic Republic subheadings under subjects; Inter-German relations):
  • economic situation, 2, 27– 28
  • political situation, 2, 191– 192, 437, 612
    • contingency planning, 379, 639, 647– 648, 777, 853– 854
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 134– 135, 612– 613, 842
    • refugees and, 2– 3, 26– 27, 191, 324
  • refugees (see also Berlin Wall), 44, 75, 272
    • access harassment and, 282
    • Berlin Wall and, 32, 341– 342, 464, 591– 592, 625, 737, 753
    • British position, 102
    • German Democratic Republic political situation and, 2– 3, 26– 27, 191, 324
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, policy toward, 282
    • Soviet position, 242
    • Steinstucken enclave, 442– 443, 511, 555, 776
    • U.S. position, 282, 364, 442– 443
  • Soviet Union, relations with (see also German Democratic Republic access control; German peace treaty), 26
  • U.S. policy toward, 210
  • Western recognition, 60, 274, 466, 515, 606– 607, 629
    • British position, 57– 58, 60, 100, 274, 277, 655, 699
    • French position, 482
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 420, 466, 490, 606– 607, 629– 630, 767
    • Soviet position, 457– 458, 461, 657, 685, 721, 739
• German peace treaty (see also Border issues; Negotiation proposals):
  • British position, 274
  • free city proposals and, 19, 572
  • French position, 82
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 31
  • negotiation proposals and, 274, 276
  • parallel treaties proposal, 244, 402– 403, 448– 449
  • Soviet position, 18– 20, 71, 87– 88, 90– 92, 203, 448– 449, 469– 471, 568, 571– 572, 688
  • Soviet separate treaty (see also German Democratic Republic access control):
    • British position, 43, 101– 102
    • French position, 314– 315
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 32– 33, 48, 50– 51, 64, 288– 289
    • interim agreement and, 64, 244
    • negotiation proposals and, 276, 314– 315, 418
    • Soviet intentions, 19, 55, 66– 68, 88, 93– 95, 98, 204, 206– 207, 231– 232, 859– 860
      • British position, 40
      • French position, 13– 14, 65
      • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 9– 10, 22– 23, 26, 420– 421, 832– 833
      • U.S. position, 4, 7, 30– 31, 57, 72, 79, 122, 205, 242, 363, 420, 494– 495
    • U.S. position, 66– 67, 70, 72– 73, 92, 94, 232, 798
    • U.S. response, 50– 51, 256– 259
  • U.S. position, 17, 91, 106, 240
• German unification (see also Border issues; European security arrangements; Germany, division of; Inter-German relations):
  • all-German talks proposals, 64, 93, 363
  • British position, 44, 280
  • confederation, 175, 725
  • French position, 15, 66, 231– 232, 570, 749
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 28, 64, 295, 485, 490, 529, 611– 612, 630
  • inter-German relations and, 611– 612
  • negotiation proposals and, 485, 490, 529
  • neutralization, 44, 749
  • plebiscite proposals, 280, 294– 295
  • self-determination. See plebiscite proposals above.
  • Soviet policy, 15, 28
  • Soviet position, 18– 19, 66, 88, 93, 231– 232, 570, 725
  • Soviet-Germany, Federal Republic of, relations and, 615
  • U.S. position, 34, 72, 79, 107, 161, 174, 505, 515, 530
  • Western orientation, 207– 208
• Germany, division of (see also Berlin Wall; German Democratic Republic: Western recognition; German unification):
  • French position, 12– 13, 15
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 421
  • Soviet position, 88, 459– 460, 570
  • U.S. position, 7, 17, 20, 175, 244, 736– 737
  • Western acceptance, 448
• Germany, Federal Republic of (see also Access; Berlin; European security arrangements; Germany, Federal Republic of, quadripartite, and Western subheadings under other subjects; Inter-German relations):
  • British forces in, 115
  • economic situation, 21– 23, 28
  • Khrushchev letter (Feb. 17, 1961) reply, 64, 69, 127
  • Kroll-Khrushchev meeting, 580– 581, 589– 591, 630, 635, 698
  • military buildup (see also European security arrangements), 30, 74, 91, 204, 338, 355, 568
  • NATO participation, 810
  • neutralization. See under European security arrangements.
  • Poland, relations with (see also Border issues), 10– 11
  • political situation, 30– 31, 42, 99, 270, 295, 362, 530, 616
  • Soviet memorandum (Dec. 27, 1961), 709, 733, 756– 757
  • tripartite troops reinforcement, 286
  • United States, relations with, 21– 25
    • Adenauer visits, 21, 24, 45– 51, 558– 559
    • balance of payments, 23, 28– 29, 221– 222
    • Brandt visit, 22, 25– 30
  • U.S. forces in (see also European security arrangements), 23, 28– 29, 760
  • West Berlin, relations with, 4, 604, 609, 739– 740
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 531, 597– 599, 608, 668– 670
    • incorporation proposal, 400– 401, 491– 492, 597– 598, 669– 670, 731– 732
    • Soviet position, 67, 568, 580– 581, 725
• Gilpatric, Roswell L., 347, 395– 396, 487, 513n , 517– 518
• Glenn, Edmund S., 80n , 84n
• Gray, Maj. Gen. David, 188, 190, 201
• Greece, 179, 322
• Greenhill, Denis, 111
• Grewe, Wilhelm C., 5– 6, 21– 22, 127, 527– 532
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 21, 24, 46, 596, 601– 603, 620
  • Berlin Wall, 337– 339, 380– 381
  • Clay appointment, 382
  • contingency planning, 51– 55, 126, 132– 135, 374– 375, 527– 528, 830– 834, 831– 832
  • free city proposals, 117– 118
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 601– 602
  • German Democratic Republic political situation, 134– 135
  • inter-German relations, 529– 530, 601– 602
  • negotiation proposals, 69, 375– 376, 381– 382
  • neutralism, 382– 383
  • Soviet separate treaty, 22– 23, 832– 833
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire reply, 132– 133
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 411, 415, 650, 661, 672
• Gromyko, Andrei Andreivich (see also Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York) and U.S. Ambassadorial probe under Negotiation proposals), 112
  • air access, 394– 395
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 541– 543, 564
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, 721
  • negotiation proposals, 394– 395, 720– 726
  • Vienna summit meeting, 87
  • Washington visit, 466, 468– 480
• Gruson, Sydney, 380, 382
• Guthrie, John C., 71n , 385n , 409n , 768n , 772n , 846n
• Hammarskjold, Dag, 203, 456, 671
• Hare, Raymond A., 321
• Harriman, W. Averell, 22, 29, 36, 175
• Hatcher, Andrew T., 118
• Hayter, Sir William, 139
• Heath, Sir Edward, 730– 731
• Heusinger, Gen. Adolf, 617
• Hillenbrand, Martin J., 5n , 16n , 33n , 51n , 64n , 71n , 125n , 132n , 159n , 180n , 182n , 269n , 291n , 299n , 371n , 374n , 431n , 439n , 456n , 463n , 467n , 497n , 508n , 536n , 544n , 545n , 551n , 553n , 596n , 603n , 636n , 650n , 668n , 709n , 727n , 736n , 741n , 768n , 772n , 789n , 793n , 830n , 846n , 850n , 853n
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 620
  • air access crisis, 792
  • contingency planning, 57– 61, 168, 187, 201, 487
  • Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin, 267
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 544n
  • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on German and Berlin, 168– 169
  • negotiation proposals, 123, 403, 767
  • Vienna summit meeting, 103, 112
• Hodges, Luther H., 333, 789
• Holloway, Jerome K., Jr., 361n , 371n , 405n , 817n
• Home, Lord Frederick Douglas, 100, 421– 422, 426, 659, 756
  • border issues, 655, 697
  • contingency planning, 115, 279, 287– 288, 412
    • airlift, 38, 279, 302
  • force, use of, 38– 39, 116, 283– 284, 299– 302, 300– 301, 413
  • preparedness demonstration measures, 285, 287, 305
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 273, 420
  • German Democratic Republic recognition, 274, 655
  • negotiation proposals, 40, 42– 43, 274, 297– 298, 305, 653, 655
    • Ambassadorial probe/consultations, 662– 664, 666– 667, 673, 675– 676, 678
    • Foreign Ministers meeting proposals, 270– 271, 276– 280, 294– 295, 419, 654, 700
    • Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York), 298, 303– 304, 306, 405– 408, 417
    • U.S.-British discussions, 696, 701
    • U.S. ambassadorial probe, 698, 703
    • Western agenda, 296– 297, 419, 425, 696
  • Soviet separate treaty, 64, 276
  • U.N. discussion, possible, 271, 275
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 38– 41, 98– 102
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire reply, 98– 99, 111– 117
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 269
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 270
    • quadripartite meetings, 281– 309, 411– 427, 650– 659, 661– 667, 672– 678
    • tripartite meetings, 269– 280, 405– 408
• Hood, Viscount Samuel, 58, 405, 808
• Humphrey, Hubert H., 118, 563
• Il'ichev, I. I., 709
• Imhof, Johannes V., 808n
• Indonesia, 397
• Inter-German relations (see also German unification):
  • discussion proposals, 206, 210, 290– 291
  • German Democratic Republic access control and, 290, 601– 602, 605– 606
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of and, 43, 810
  • German unification and, 64, 93, 363, 611– 612
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 290, 421– 422, 490, 529– 530, 556, 600– 602, 702
  • Germany, Federal Republic of-Soviet bilateral talks proposals, 795, 810
  • mixed German Committee proposals, 239, 251– 253, 421– 422
  • Soviet position, 206
• Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin (ICG), 119– 124, 164– 165, 167– 169, 187– 191, 199– 202, 211, 214, 227– 230, 335– 337
• Interim agreement proposals (see also Negotiation proposals), 7, 27, 101, 149, 157– 158, 243– 245, 251, 665
  • Soviet position, 68, 75, 92– 93, 95– 98
  • Soviet separate treaty and, 64, 244
• International Court of Justice (ICJ). See ICJ appeal under Contingency planning.
• Interzonal trade agreement, 2– 3, 288, 329, 338, 599
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 288, 380, 735
• Italy, 178, 279, 292, 434, 446, 532
• Japan, 95
• Jessup-Malik agreement (1949), 599, 657
• Johnson, Lyndon B., 21, 24, 169, 199, 214n , 324n , 411
  • Berlin Wall, 337, 348, 351, 354– 358
  • contingency planning, 188– 191, 193, 195– 196, 199– 201, 456
• Johnson, U. Alexis, 405
• Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 129– 130, 370– 371, 853n
  • contingency planning, 61– 63, 62, 116, 135– 136, 155– 156, 215, 362– 364, 428
• Jorden, William, 806
• Kaysen, Carl, 330n , 767, 768n , 772n
• Kefauver, Estes, 118
• Kennan, George F., 265, 331, 387, 435– 437, 706– 708, 728, 802– 804, 865
• Kennedy, John F. (see also Vienna summit meeting (U.S.-Soviet Union)), 10– 11, 30, 49– 50, 210, 514, 609
  • access, 605, 747
  • Adenauer, correspondence with, 223– 224, 380, 389– 391, 493– 497, 527, 636– 638, 641– 642, 659– 660
  • Adenauer, talks with, 528, 532
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 21, 24, 46– 51, 528, 532, 558– 559, 590– 595, 603– 609, 614– 618, 620– 632
  • Adzhubei interviews, 634, 643, 681– 682, 689, 780– 784, 821– 822
  • air access crisis, 792, 813– 814
  • Berlin visit proposal, 35
  • Berlin Wall, 330, 332, 345– 349, 348– 349, 352– 353, 380– 381, 625
  • border issues, 27, 623– 624
  • Brandt, correspondence with, 345– 346, 352– 353
  • Brandt visit to U.S., 25– 30
  • Clay appointment, 380, 382, 557, 649
  • Clay reports, 509
  • Congressional leaders, correspondence with, 837– 839
  • Congressional meetings, 837– 839
  • contingency planning, 24, 38– 39, 222, 267, 379, 393, 462, 762
    • airlift, 39, 86
    • criterion for action, 484– 485
    • economic countermeasures, 192– 193, 195, 381
    • emergency planning, 195– 196, 215– 216, 221, 225– 226, 392
    • force, use of, 215– 216, 518, 628– 629
      • military planning, 85, 186, 210– 211, 265– 266, 395– 398, 412– 413, 428– 429, 488– 489, 517– 519
      • NSAM No. 109, 520– 523, 559– 560
      • nuclear weapons, 266, 517– 518, 595n , 596n
      • U.S. forces in Europe, expansion of, 220, 398– 399
    • German Democratic Republic political situation, 639, 647
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 46– 48
    • naval countermeasures, 216, 831, 833
    • stockpiling, 101
    • U.N. appeal, 560
    • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 38– 39, 100– 101
    • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 830– 834
  • de Gaulle, correspondence with, 223– 224, 368, 377– 378, 493n , 525n , 716– 719, 748– 751
  • European security arrangements, 496, 627
  • Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin, 264– 265
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 498, 544, 551, 553, 619
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 82, 229, 485– 486
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, 629– 630
  • German peace treaty, 9– 10, 91– 92, 94, 494– 495
  • German unification, 161, 530
  • Germany, Federal Republic of:
    • arms limitations, 616– 617, 620– 621, 625– 626
    • mark revaluation, 21– 23, 28– 29
    • Soviet Union, relations with, 615– 616
  • inter-German relations, 529– 530, 606
  • Khrushchev, correspondence with (Pen Pal), 444– 455, 502– 508, 567– 580, 634– 636, 643– 646, 681– 691, 819– 822
  • Macmillan, correspondence with, 223– 224, 632– 634, 637
  • negotiation proposals, 42, 44, 216, 265, 368, 377– 378, 401– 402, 413, 415, 485, 587, 592– 593, 700, 716– 717, 748– 750
    • Ambassadorial probe/consultations, 679– 681
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 701, 703– 704
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 382, 588
    • Gromyko visit to Washington, 466, 468– 480
    • Macmillan discussions, 696– 704
    • Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York), 414, 429
    • summit meeting proposals, 161– 162
    • timing, 330, 359
    • U.S. Ambassadorial probe, 402– 403, 698, 703, 759– 760, 767
    • Western agenda, 360, 403, 460, 593– 594
  • Norstad, correspondence with, 520– 523
  • press conference (June 28, 1961), 159
  • Southeast Asia, 130n , 211– 212
  • Adzhubei interviews, 634, 643, 681– 682, 689, 780– 784, 821– 822
  • air access crisis, 792, 813– 814
  • Berlin visit proposal, 35
  • Berlin Wall, 330, 332, 345– 349, 348– 349, 352– 353, 380– 381, 625
  • border issues, 27, 623– 624
  • Brandt, correspondence with, 345– 346, 352– 353
  • Brandt visit to U.S., 25– 30
  • Clay appointment, 380, 382, 557, 649
  • Clay reports, 509
  • Congressional leaders, correspondence with, 837– 839
  • Congressional meetings, 837– 839
  • contingency planning, 24, 38– 39, 222, 267, 379, 393, 462, 762
    • airlift, 39, 86
    • criterion for action, 484– 485
    • economic countermeasures, 192– 193, 195, 381
    • emergency planning, 195– 196, 215– 216, 221, 225– 226, 392
    • force, use of, 215– 216, 518, 628– 629
      • military planning, 85, 186, 210– 211, 265– 266, 395– 398, 412– 413, 428– 429, 488– 489, 517– 519
      • NSAM No. 109, 520– 523, 559– 560
      • nuclear weapons, 266, 517– 518, 595n , 596n
      • U.S. forces in Europe, expansion of, 220, 398– 399
    • German Democratic Republic political situation, 639, 647
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 46– 48
    • naval countermeasures, 216, 831, 833
    • stockpiling, 101
    • U.N. appeal, 560
    • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 38– 39, 100– 101
    • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 830– 834
  • de Gaulle, correspondence with, 223– 224, 368, 377– 378, 493n , 525n , 716– 719, 748– 751
  • European security arrangements, 496, 627
  • Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin, 264– 265
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 498, 544, 551, 553, 619
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 82, 229, 485– 486
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, 629– 630
  • German peace treaty, 9– 10, 91– 92, 94, 494– 495
  • German unification, 161, 530
  • Germany, Federal Republic of:
    • arms limitations, 616– 617, 620– 621, 625– 626
    • mark revaluation, 21– 23, 28– 29
    • Soviet Union, relations with, 615– 616
  • inter-German relations, 529– 530, 606
  • Khrushchev, correspondence with (Pen Pal), 444– 455, 502– 508, 567– 580, 634– 636, 643– 646, 681– 691, 819– 822
  • Macmillan, correspondence with, 223– 224, 632– 634, 637
  • negotiation proposals, 42, 44, 216, 265, 368, 377– 378, 401– 402, 413, 415, 485, 587, 592– 593, 700, 716– 717, 748– 750
    • Ambassadorial probe/consultations, 679– 681
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 701, 703– 704
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 382, 588
    • Gromyko visit to Washington, 466, 468– 480
    • Macmillan discussions, 696– 704
    • Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York), 414, 429
    • summit meeting proposals, 161– 162
    • timing, 330, 359
    • U.S. Ambassadorial probe, 402– 403, 698, 703, 759– 760, 767
    • Western agenda, 360, 403, 460, 593– 594
  • Norstad, correspondence with, 520– 523
  • press conference (June 28, 1961), 159
  • Southeast Asia, 130n , 211– 212
  • speech (July 25, 1961), 223, 227, 233– 235, 275– 276, 340, 445
  • speech (U.N., Sept. 25, 1961), 441– 442, 454, 493
  • U.N. guarantee/observer proposals, 228
  • U.S.-British discussions, 41– 44
  • U.S.-French discussions, 80– 86
  • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 8– 11, 527– 532
  • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, relations, 221
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire, 98– 102, 107, 165n
  • West Berlin plebiscite proposals, 99, 161, 266
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 261, 309, 411– 415
• Kennedy, Robert F., 544, 573, 763, 767, 808, 842– 843
  • Berlin Wall, 333– 334, 348
  • contingency planning, 195, 260, 395
• Kharlamov, Mikhail A., 401– 402, 444– 445
• Khrushchev, Nikita S. (see also Soviet subheadings under other subjects; Vienna summit meeting (U.S.-Soviet Union)), 15, 66– 69, 68, 292, 759, 810– 811
  • Adenauer, letter to (Feb. 17, 1961), 10, 12– 13, 18, 22– 23, 64, 69
  • Fanfani talks, 279, 292, 446
  • free city proposals, 449– 450
  • German peace treaty, 18– 20, 87– 88, 90– 92, 231, 448– 449
    • Soviet separate treaty, 19, 55, 66, 88, 93– 95
  • interim agreement, 92– 93, 95– 98
  • Kennedy, correspondence with (Pen Pal), 444– 455, 502– 508, 567– 580, 634– 636, 643– 646, 681– 691, 736– 766, 819– 822
  • Kroll meeting, 580– 581, 589– 591, 630, 635, 698
  • McCloy discussions, 231– 235
  • negotiation proposals, 56, 401– 402
  • Pen Pal correspondence. See Kennedy, correspondence with above.
  • political situation, 16, 41– 42, 69, 76
  • speech (Dec. 9, 1961), 665, 673, 678, 692
  • speech (Jan. 6, 1961), 4
  • statement (Jan. 18, 1962), 763– 766
• Killick, John E., 111, 269, 281, 303, 405, 661
• Kissinger, Henry A., 35, 107, 176, 588– 589, 824– 827, 830– 831, 840– 841
• Klein, David, 508n , 648n
• Klein, Gunther, 668
• Kohler, Foy D., 8n , 16n , 21n , 25n , 64n , 71n , 111n , 125n , 159n , 324n , 329n , 361n , 380n , 388n , 405n , 411n , 415n , 424n , 431n , 439n , 463n , 467n , 492n , 497n , 508n , 527n , 536n , 539n , 544n , 545n , 551n , 553n , 562n , 640n , 694n , 736n , 741n , 768n , 772n , 811n , 846n , 850n , 853n
  • access, 134, 290– 291, 600
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 46, 596, 603, 620
  • air access crisis, 792, 812– 813, 817– 819
  • Berlin Wall, 333– 334, 338– 339, 361, 366– 368
  • contingency planning, 57, 116, 119, 127– 128, 133, 217, 228, 381, 462, 519
    • force, use of, 121, 135, 395– 396, 487, 528
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 52, 128, 135
    • ICJ appeal, 113, 116– 117, 125– 126, 131– 132
    • preparedness demonstration measures, 116, 122– 123
  • departmental measures, 320
  • free city proposals, 118n
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 535, 544n , 554– 555
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 229
  • German Democratic Republic, recognition of, 767
  • Germany, Federal Republic of:
    • arms limitations, 625
    • Berlin, relations with, 599
    • U.S. forces in, 760
  • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin, 167
  • negotiation proposals, 42, 44, 69, 362, 367, 403, 405– 406, 468, 695n , 808
  • Soviet separate treaty, 43, 420
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 41
  • U.S.-Germany, Federal Republic of, discussions, 668
  • U.S. policy toward Berlin, 793– 795
  • Vienna summit meeting, 87, 103, 112– 113, 127, 131– 132
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 269, 281, 291, 299, 303, 405, 411, 415, 650, 661, 672
• Kozlov, Frol R., 394
• Krapf, Franz, 25, 596, 603, 620, 650, 661, 672
• Kroll, Hans, 55, 65– 66, 69, 698, 703, 790, 841
  • Khrushchev meeting, 580– 581, 589– 591, 630, 635, 698
• Kusterer (FRG), 661, 672
• Kuznetzov, V.V., 555
• Laloy, Jean, 126– 127, 641
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 269, 291, 299, 303, 405, 550, 661, 672
• Lampson, Edward T., 303
• Langer, Wolfram, 732, 734
• Laos, 10, 12, 31, 41, 48, 74, 76
• Latin America, 10, 31
• Lebel, Claude, 12, 84, 131, 808, 817
• Ledwidge, W.B.J., 650, 672
• Legere, Col. Lawrence J., 223n , 335– 337, 583– 584, 726– 727, 747
• Lehmann, Glenn A., 159n
• Lejins, Nora, 8n , 45n , 46, 590n , 603n , 614n , 620n
• LeMay, Gen. Curtis, 215, 428, 517
• Lemmer, Ernst, 668
• Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 111, 194n , 362n , 369, 544n
  • air access crisis, 800, 812– 813
  • Berlin Wall, 333, 350, 370– 371
  • contingency planning, 138n , 216, 395– 398, 462, 487, 517
• Lightner, Edwin A., Jr., 1– 3, 75– 76, 441– 443, 865– 867
  • access harassment, 437– 438
  • air access crisis, 814– 816, 822– 824, 843– 844
  • Berlin Wall, 326– 327, 332– 333, 339– 346, 437
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 524– 525, 532, 537– 539, 543, 552, 564n , 565– 566, 585
• Lippmann, Walter, 107, 615
• Lucet, Charles, 269, 281, 291, 299, 303, 405, 415, 650, 661, 672
• Luxembourg, 179
• Lyon, Cecil B., 312n
• Macmillan, Harold, 38, 58, 60, 100, 699, 758
  • Kennedy, correspondence with, 223– 224, 632– 634, 637
  • negotiation proposals, 42, 44, 696– 704
  • U.S.-British discussions, 36, 38, 41– 44, 99– 102
• Mali, 397n
• Mansfield, Mike, 29, 117– 118, 448
• Matthews, H. Freeman, 321
• Mautner, Karl F., 167n , 214n
• McBride, Robert H., 12n
• McCloy, John J., 112, 114, 116, 231– 235, 733
• McDermott, Edward A., 184– 185
• McGhee, George C., 12, 15, 36, 112, 123, 236n , 261, 694– 695n
• McNamara, Robert, 167, 215n , 221– 222, 411, 767, 792
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 596, 603
  • Berlin Wall, 333– 334, 344, 347– 348, 355
  • Clay appointment, 369, 557
  • contingency planning, 36, 38– 39, 176, 347– 348, 362– 364, 379n , 412, 462, 560
    • federal emergency planning, 189, 196, 209– 210, 219– 220
    • force, use of, 38, 221, 372, 412, 518
      • military planning, 61– 63, 138n , 195, 210– 211, 372, 395– 397, 412, 428– 429, 487– 489
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 544n , 547
• Menshikov, Mikhail A., 5, 13, 16, 114, 202– 207, 409– 411, 468
  • speech (Dec. 11, 1961), 665, 673, 676, 678, 692
  • Vienna summit meeting, 87, 205– 206
• Millar, Sir Frederick Hoyer, 36, 39– 41, 43, 102n
• Moffett, James D., 111n
• Murphy, Robert D., 349n
• Murrow, Edward R., 219– 220, 310, 322– 323, 339– 341, 395, 397
• National Intelligence Estimates:
  • NIE 11-7-61, 56– 57
  • SNIE 2-2-62, 196n
• National Security Council, 109– 111, 160– 162, 221– 222
  • Action Memoranda:
    • NSAM No. 58, 162– 165, 187
    • NSAM No. 59, 197– 199, 214
    • NSAM No. 62, 225– 226
    • NSAM No. 92, 398– 399
    • NSAM No. 94, 404
    • NSAM No. 107, 508n
    • NSAM No. 109, 520– 523
    • NSAM No. 117, 639
    • NSAM No. 128, 813– 814
  • contingency planning, 162– 165, 192– 197, 195, 219– 221
  • documents:
    • NSC 5803, 62
  • meetings:
    • June 13, 1961, 111
    • June 29, 1961, 160– 162
    • July 13, 1961, 192– 196
    • July 19, 1961, 219– 222
• Negotiation proposals (see also Contingency planning; German peace treaty; Interim agreement proposals; U.N. guarantee/observer proposals; Vienna summit meeting (U.S.-Soviet Union); specific topics):
  • Adenauer-de Gaulle meeting, 637– 639, 650, 659– 660
  • Adenauer-Khrushchev meeting proposals, 759
  • air access and, 407
  • airlift and, 101, 117
  • Ambassadorial probe/consultations (see also U.S.-Soviet bilateral discussion proposals below), 296
    • British position, 276, 305, 362, 662– 665, 673, 675, 678
    • French position, 663– 665, 673– 675, 677
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 665– 666, 676– 678
    • NATO statement, 666– 667, 673, 676– 681, 710
    • U.S.-French discussions, 679– 681
    • U.S. position, 293, 664, 674– 676, 678
  • Berlin Wall and, 331, 338, 342, 344, 711– 712
  • British position, 99, 114, 274, 298, 305, 338, 532, 653– 655
  • British-Soviet talks proposals, 794– 795
  • Commission on Central European problems proposals, 238– 239
  • European security proposals, 239, 251– 253
  • Foreign Ministers meeting proposals, 238– 239, 248– 249, 251, 257, 261– 262, 319, 419, 430– 431, 700
    • British position, 277– 279, 294– 295, 413– 414, 419, 654, 698, 700, 702
    • French position, 271– 272, 277, 367– 368, 641, 700
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 271– 272
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 414
    • Soviet position, 475
    • timing, 227– 229, 238, 262, 264– 266, 271, 276– 279, 293– 295, 304– 305
  • four-nation non-aggression agreement, 228– 229
  • French opposition, 313– 316, 361– 362, 366– 367, 651– 652, 654– 655
    • Congressional meetings, 839
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 374– 375, 692– 693
    • Kennedy-Adenauer discussions, 593– 595, 692– 693
    • Kennedy-de Gaulle correspondence, 368, 377– 378, 716– 717, 748– 750
    • U.S. position, 481– 484, 640– 641, 701, 793– 794, 850– 851
  • French position, 12– 13, 272– 273, 276, 296– 298, 304, 413, 418
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis and, 533– 536, 541, 554, 585– 586
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 697– 698, 701, 703– 704
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 31, 295, 298, 376, 381– 382, 529, 588– 589, 593, 631, 654
  • Germany, Federal Republic of-Soviet bilateral talks proposals, 10, 795, 810, 834, 840
  • German peace treaty and, 274, 276
  • German unification and, 485, 490, 529
  • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin discussions, 123
  • Khrushchev statement (Jan. 18, 1962), 763– 766
  • military planning and, 418, 653
  • NATO positions, 383, 531– 532
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization and, 278, 283
  • NSC discussions, 164
  • peace conference, 117, 227, 263, 292, 296
  • planning, 223, 236– 241, 245– 259
  • preparedness demonstration measures and, 274– 276, 293– 294, 305, 413
  • propaganda and, 382
  • protracted talks proposals, 236– 241
  • public opinion, 367, 377
  • publicity, 278, 280, 361– 362, 376, 407
    • U.S. position, 293, 313, 361– 362, 390, 415
  • quadripartite discussions, 64
  • reciprocal declarations proposal (Solution C), 150– 151, 157, 228, 240– 241, 254, 257, 265
  • refugees, 228
  • Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York), 388, 431– 433, 439– 441, 456– 461
    • British position, 298, 303– 304, 306, 362, 406– 408, 414, 417
    • French position, 304, 361, 405– 408, 413– 414, 416– 417, 419
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 304– 305
    • tripartite discussions, 405– 408
    • U.S. position, 298, 304– 306, 414, 494, 657, 670– 671
    • Western agenda, 429– 431
  • Soviet agenda, 460– 461, 464– 467, 476– 477, 487, 630, 657
  • Soviet intentions, 56– 57, 71– 72
  • Soviet position, 12– 13, 232, 474– 475
  • Soviet separate treaty and, 276, 314– 315, 418
  • summit meeting proposals (see also Vienna summit meeting (U.S.- Soviet Union)), 12, 161– 162, 794
  • Thompson-Gromyko talks. See U.S. Ambassadorial probe below. timing, 246– 247, 259, 270– 271, 295, 304, 359
    • British position, 270– 271, 276, 297, 418
  • trade agreements, 228
  • tripartite discussions, 808– 811
  • U.N. discussion, possible, 174– 175, 227, 258– 259, 267, 271, 292– 293, 295, 319
    • British position, 271, 275
  • U.S. Ambassadorial probe, 388– 389, 394– 395, 846
    • British position, 699, 702– 703, 767, 790– 791
    • French position, 280, 497– 498, 525– 526
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 832, 834, 840– 841
    • planning/instructions for, 709– 715, 731– 732, 736– 745, 758– 760, 768– 775, 790– 791, 807, 846– 852
    • Thompson-Gromyko meeting reports, 720– 726, 751– 755, 784– 788, 797– 800, 835, 859– 862
    • U.S.-British discussions, 730– 731
    • U.S. position, 228, 259, 293, 402– 403, 694, 697, 706– 708, 729, 802– 804
  • U.S.-British discussions, 40, 42– 44, 562– 564, 696– 704
  • U.S.-French discussions, 81, 549– 550
  • U.S.-German Federal Republic discussions, 402
  • U.S. position, 32, 34, 69, 73– 74, 79, 107, 114, 139, 148– 151, 162, 175, 177, 217– 218, 232, 435– 437, 592– 593
  • U.S. public statement proposal, 393
  • U.S. "quiet" approach, 250, 262, 264
  • U.S.-Soviet bilateral discussion proposals (see also Rusk- Gromyko discussion (New York) and U.S. Ambassadorial probe above):
    • British position, 562– 564
    • French position, 497– 498
    • Geneva discussion proposal, 847, 864
    • Gromyko visit to Washington, 466, 468– 480
    • Soviet position, 401– 402, 452, 475
    • U.S. position, 359, 430, 495, 556, 587– 588, 680, 694– 695, 794– 795
  • use of force and, 297, 396– 397, 414, 592, 656, 658, 661– 662
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire reply and, 99
  • West Berlin morale and, 654– 655
  • Western agenda (see also Western Foreign Ministers meetings; specific issues and proposals), 280, 294
    • Adenauer visit to U.S., 528, 532, 558– 559, 562– 563, 590– 618, 620– 634
    • British position, 296– 297, 425, 696
    • French position, 270, 362, 417– 418, 423– 424
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 295– 296, 375– 376, 414, 423, 425– 426, 490– 492, 556, 593, 840
    • Interdepartmental Coordinating Group on Germany and Berlin discussion, 228
    • Norstad meeting, 462
    • Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York), 416, 419, 423– 426, 429– 431
    • U.S. position, 271, 280, 294, 319– 320, 360, 376, 403, 425, 460– 461, 656– 657
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings and, 593, 840
• Nehru, Jawaharlal, 419
• Netherlands, 22, 178, 285, 322, 434
• Neutral countries, 364, 397n , 452– 453
• Neutralism, 380, 382– 383
• Newsom, Edwin Earl, 334
• Nitze, Paul H., 169, 202n , 202– 207, 492n , 551n , 760
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 596, 603, 620
  • contingency planning, 124, 188– 190, 217, 462
    • airlift, 200, 372– 373
    • force, use of, 122– 123, 188, 200– 201, 321– 322, 395– 396, 398, 487, 489
  • Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin, 267
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 544n
  • German Democratic Republic access control, 229– 230
  • negotiation proposals, 405, 407
  • Western Foreign Ministers meetings, 269, 291, 299, 411
• Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 29, 462, 557
  • Adenauer visit to U.S., 558– 559
  • air access crisis, 800– 802, 812– 813
  • Berlin Wall, 344, 370
  • contingency planning, 124, 456, 462, 560– 561
  • force, use of, 38, 121– 122, 560– 561
  • military planning, 136– 138, 517, 520, 559– 560
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 547– 548, 557– 558
  • Kennedy, correspondence with, 520– 523
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (see also Allied contributions under Contingency planning: force, use of; NATO subheadings under other subjects):
  • Berlin guarantee, 47– 49
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 810
  • missile force proposal, 176– 177
  • negotiation proposals, 278, 283, 383, 666– 667, 673– 681
  • nuclear weapons, 72, 79, 617, 718– 719, 749– 750
  • Vienna summit aide-memoire reply, 178– 182
  • Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact proposal, 393, 473
• Norway, 532
• Oder-Neisse line. See Border issues.
• Ormsby Gore, Sir David, 102n , 810– 811
• negotiation proposals, 562– 564, 696– 697, 701– 702, 730, 794n , 808– 811
• Osterheld (FRG), 842
• Owen, Henry, 106, 261, 403
• Paris treaties (1954), 25, 376, 515
• Parsons, J. Graham, 321
• Pelen, Pierre, 12, 808
• Pen Pal correspondence. See Kennedy-Khrushchev (Pen Pal) correspondence under Berlin.
• Percival, J. Graham, 672n
• Perkins, Milo, 211
• Poland (see also Border issues), 10– 11, 612
• Propaganda, 32, 147– 148, 164, 211, 226, 228, 247– 248
  • Berlin Wall and, 330, 332, 334
  • French position, 306
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis and, 548
  • NATO participation, 308, 310
  • negotiation proposals and, 382
  • U.S. position, 259– 260, 263, 267, 322– 323
• Radio Free Europe (RFE), 31
• Ramsbotham, Peter E., 36, 41
• Rapacki Plan, 242, 474
• Rau (GDR), 2
• Reynaud, Paul, 446
• Ritter (FRG), 281, 291, 299, 303
• Roberts, Sir Frank, 697, 790– 791, 794
• Rostow, Walt W., 36, 130n , 404, 805
• Rumbold, Sir Anthony, 650, 661
• Rusk, Dean (see also Rusk-Gromyko discussion (New York) under Negotiation proposals), 50, 64– 65, 210, 274, 760, 768n , 772n , 775
  • access, 117, 599– 600, 640
    • air access, 385– 386, 409– 411
  • access harassment, 282– 283, 463
    • air access crisis, 792, 811– 812, 838, 847– 848, 850
    • Western responses, 463, 467– 468, 727– 728
  • Adenauer visits to U.S., 46, 596– 614, 620– 632
  • all-Berlin proposals, 117, 701– 702
  • Berlin Wall, 329– 330, 332, 337– 339, 361– 362, 366– 368, 761
  • border issues, 11, 609– 610, 622– 623, 697
  • Clay appointment as Special Representative, 649, 854– 856
  • Congressional meetings, 837– 839
  • contingency planning, 38– 39, 127– 128, 159– 160, 176, 362– 364, 379, 462, 830
    • airlift, 279, 372– 373
    • economic countermeasures, 192– 193, 195, 279, 283, 287– 288
    • emergency planning, 193– 194, 284
    • force, use of, 133– 135, 285– 286, 662
      • land probe, 116, 265, 301
      • military planning, 299– 303, 300– 301, 322, 395– 398, 492– 493, 517, 854– 856
      • nuclear weapons, 273, 286– 287, 297, 302, 319, 371– 372, 489
    • German Democratic Republic political situation, 647– 648, 853– 854
    • Germany, Federal Republic of, participation, 51– 55, 65, 133– 135
    • ICJ appeal, 125, 166
    • naval countermeasures, 373, 424– 425
    • preparedness demonstration measures, 274– 276, 284– 287
    • U.N. appeal, 133, 267
  • disarmament, 810– 811
  • European Ambassadors meeting, 318– 323
  • Four-Power Working Group on Germany Including Berlin, 264– 265
  • Friedrichstrasse crisis, 535– 536, 539– 541, 544– 547, 554, 562– 564
  • German Democratic Republic:
    • access control, 3– 4, 289– 290, 601– 603, 605– 606
    • political situatio