Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Near East:
Jordan-Yemen, Volume XIII
Index
-
Abd al–Hadi, Awni, 54, 157, 705n
-
Abdullah, King, 68, 686
- Abramov, Aleksandr N., 648
-
Abu al–Huda, Tawfiq, 1, 3n
, 4–5,
17, 22
- Abu Dhabi (see also
Buraimi dispute), 252n
, 497
- Abu Taleb, Abd al–Rahwan, 751, 752n
-
Acheson, Dean, 622
-
Adams, Sherman, 285n
, 404
- Aden Protectorates, 286, 309, 363–364, 367, 487, 752, 754–755
- Adenauer, Konrad, 122
- Adib, Mamdouh, 449, 468, 481
- Aero Services, 771
- Afghanistan, 578
- Aflaq, Michel, 676
- Air Force, U.S. Department of the:
- Dhahran Airfield, 255–256, 260,
268n
, 273, 290,
344–347,
380, 382, 386
- Libya, U.S. military aid to, 307
- Saudi Arabia, U.S. military aid to, 411, 454
-
Aldrich, Winthrop W., 6, 20, 28–29, 32n
, 280–281, 291n
, 293, 301–302, 324, 327, 329, 334, 337, 388n
, 567
- Alexandretta, 528
- Algeria, 46, 624–625
-
Allen, Francis O., 170, 173n
, 174n
, 516n
,
517n
, 522n
, 526n
, 529n
, 538n
-
Allen, George E., 751n
-
Allen, George V., 12n
, 20, 40n
, 173n
, 177n
, 185n
, 249, 266n
, 272n
, 278n
,
291n
, 296n
, 306n
, 327, 395n
, 396n
, 520n
,
522n
, 542n
, 551n
, 557n
, 565n
, 579n
, 751n
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 170n
- Baghdad Pact, 5, 8
- Egypt, 543n
,
545
- Jordan, 15–16, 23–26, 34
- Lebanon, 171–176, 181–182, 184–185
- Middle East, 309–310
- Saudi Arabia, 251–254, 257–259, 289n
, 301n
, 303,
325, 336, 354n
,
361–362,
393–394
-
Aramco, 250n
, 264–265, 289n
- United Kingdom, relations with, 314–317, 319, 322n
, 338–340, 355, 362
- U.S. military aid to, 290–291, 306n
, 341–342, 360n
, 368, 379–382, 387n
, 389n
- Syria, 513n
,
529, 539n
, 543,
567, 574–583, 586–588
- United Kingdom, 304, 305n
, 313n
, 329, 334,
377n
-
Alphand, Hervé, 605–606
-
Amer, Gen. Abdel Hakim, 593–594, 745
- American Doctrine. See
Eisenhower
Doctrine.
-
al–Amri, Ibn Abdullah Mohamed, 752n
, 760
- al–Amri, Qadi, 757–759
- Anab, Brig. Radi, 27
-
Anderson, Robert B., 341–342, 403–404
- Aqaba, Gulf of, 25–26, 43, 66,
87, 231, 245, 428, 481n
, 498, 508–509, 624
- Arab Collective Security Pact, 515
- Arab Labor Confederation, 595n
- Arab League, 1, 172, 253n
, 287
- Arab League Collective Security Pact, 1
- Arab League Committee, 25
- Arab Legion, 15–18, 42–43, 47
[Page 776]
- Arab nationalism, 447, 667
- Arabian Peninsula, 487
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 36
- British foreign policy, 315
- Egypt, 6, 202–203, 442, 487,
746n
- Jordan, 6, 84
- Lebanon, 202–203
- Oil industry, 14
- Persian Gulf sheikhdoms, 315
- Saudi Arabia, 309, 317n
, 374, 447,
508
- Soviet position, 487
- Suez Canal crisis, 84, 487
- Syria, 442, 525, 592, 622–623, 628–630
- U.S. position, 83, 624–625, 715–716
- Arab States (see also
Arab–Israeli dispute; Arab
League; Arab Legion; Arab nationalism; and individual
countries):
- Beirut meeting, 406
- Cairo meeting, 84, 421, 423,
427–430,
443, 515, 597, 759
- Four–power memorandum, 468–469
- Neutralism in, 513
- Regional defense, 172
- Syrian crisis, 656–657, 731
- United States, relations with, 171–172, 175, 201–202, 476–477, 715,
743–744
- U.S. military and economic aid to, 64–65, 77n
, 132, 137, 170n
, 171, 176,
185–186,
190–191
- Arabian–American Oil Company (Aramco) (see also
TAPLINE
):
- Aden Protectorates, 286
- Buraimi dispute, 282, 284, 287n
, 294,
437
- Dammam Harbor, 460
- Riyadh–Medina railroad, 457
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 250,
253, 254n
, 271,
299, 315, 403, 503–505, 748
- Saudi revenues, 293, 319, 321,
332–334,
337, 347–348, 492, 549
- Syria, 585, 600, 652
- United Kingdom, relations with, 284,
749
- Arab–Israeli dispute (see also
Israel; Palestinian
refugees):
- Arab nationalism, 36
- Arms race, 356
- Border fighting, 428, 441–442
- British role, 36
- Egyptian position, 14–15, 41, 176, 190
-
ESS Pact, 41, 190
- Fedayeen activity, 70, 120, 428–429
- Gaza strip, 13, 443
- Israeli attack on Gaza, Feb. 1955, 13
- Israeli attack on Syria, Dec. 1955, 560, 569
- Jordan, 6–7,
13, 22–23, 33, 69, 166, 655
- Jordan Valley plan, 15
- Lebanon, 179–180, 183, 187, 201–202
- Palestine government proposals, 14,
157
- Palestinian refugees, 157, 187, 623
- Partition plans, 14–15
- Saudi position, 21, 41, 190, 257, 269,
270n
, 279n
, 408, 443,
507
- Soviet position, 316, 603, 715–716
- Syrian position, 41, 190, 526,
535, 538, 578n
,
596, 609, 620, 623, 627, 677, 743–744
-
U.N. role, 14, 62, 257, 270n
, 623, 627
- U.S. military aid to Arab States, 64–65, 77n
, 132, 137, 170n
, 171, 176,
185–186,
190–191
- U.S. military aid to Saudi Arabia, 269, 356, 434, 462–463
- U.S. position, 14–15, 175, 197, 257,
300, 506, 535, 538, 557, 655, 715–716
- U.S.–Saudi relations, 257, 300
- U.S.–Syrian relations, 535, 538, 568,
620, 623
- Arabian Peninsula (see also
Abu Dhabi; Kuwait; Muscat and Oman; Persian Gulf
Sheikhdoms; Saudi Arabia; Yemen):
- Arab nationalism in, 487
- British role in, 486–488
- Disputed Territory, 355, 749
- Soviet influence in, 224
- U.S. policy toward, 309–310, 348
-
Aramco. See
Arabian–American Oil Company.
-
Armstrong, William P., 72n
, 102–103, 375–377, 561, 601n
- Army, U.S. Department of the, 149, 345–346
-
Arneson, R. Gordon, 498–499, 651
-
Asad, Shaikh, 357
-
al–Asali, Sabri, 427, 516n
, 519n
, 523–525, 535–536, 610–611, 612n
,
636–637
- Arab heads of state meeting, 421n
, 447,
468
-
IPC pipeline, 594–595, 607, 614
- Syrian political situation, 520n
, 522–523, 526, 538,
638, 677, 746n
- Asbjornson, Mildred, 15n
, 680n
- Aswan Dam, 74, 668
-
al–Atasi, Fayid, 515, 538–539
-
al–Atasi, Hashim, 515,
517, 520, 521–523, 526, 579
- Atomic energy, 419
- Australia, 247
- al–Ayoubi, Ali Jawdat, 571
- Azkoul, 200
-
al–Azm, Khalid Pasha, 525, 529, 535–536, 580, 611, 630, 675, 676, 679
- Syrian political situation, 520n
, 522–523, 526, 532,
538, 539n
, 541n
, 658,
675, 745–747
- Azores, 381
-
Azzam Pasha, Abdel Rahman, 296, 303, 305, 387, 499n
- Badawi, Capt. Faisal, 449, 511n
-
al–Badr ben Ahmad, Crown Prince
Muhammed, 511–512, 748–749, 751, 755–757, 760, 770, 773n
- Baghdad Pact:
- Economic committee, 44
-
ESS opposition to, 41, 224, 518
- Formation of, 515
- Iranian participation, 515
- Iraqi participation, 19, 36, 349, 440, 521
- Israeli position, 7
- Jordanian participation, 1, 4, 11, 22, 44, 71, 125, 528, 536,
556
- British position, 5, 8–9, 13, 15,
20, 24, 69
- Public opinion, 37, 68, 91
- Lebanese participation, 1, 5, 171, 528, 536,
556
- Pakistani participation, 515
- Saudi Arabia, 224, 251, 253–254, 258–259, 303n
, 347,
349, 409, 412, 414, 439–440
- Soviet Union, relations with, 157
- Syria, 5, 514–518, 528–529, 536, 568,
620, 630, 679, 734
- Turkish participation, 440
- United Kingdom, 4–5, 29, 409, 412, 515
- U.S. military aid to, 4–5
- U.S. position, 29, 516–518, 529, 556,
568
- U.S.–Saudi relations, 251, 253–254, 258–259, 303n
, 439–440
- Bahrain, 284–285,
310, 384, 403–404, 460, 487
- Bahri, Yunis, 25
- Bailey, Ronald W., 34, 86–88, 351, 388n
- Bakdash, Khalid, 58, 526, 566, 575, 577, 676, 678, 745–747
- Balfour Declaration, 393
-
Balmer, Maj. Gen. J.D., 530n
- Bandung Conference, 262, 523n
- Bank of America, 572
- Bapco, 284–285
-
Barbour, Walworth, 5, 10n
, 17–18, 223–225, 301n
,
304–305, 307–308
-
Barnes, Robert G., 313n
, 324, 389n
, 456, 464n
, 558n
-
Barnes, Maj. Gen. Verdi B., 701
-
Barrow, John R., 620n
, 626n
- Bashayan, Burhan al–Din, 96, 127
-
Baxter, William O., 644n
, 648–650, 662–663
- Bayar, Celal, 658, 684
-
Becker, Loftus E., 498n
, 725n
- Beckner, Earl R., 503, 583n
-
Beeley, Harold, 229, 232n
, 247, 659
- Belyayev, Vasiliy A., 546
-
Ben Gurion, David, 14, 26, 55n
, 97, 104, 297n
, 394, 614
-
Bennett, William T., 379,
478n
, 480n
-
Bennsky, George M., 503
-
Berding, Andrew H., 510, 730
-
Bergin, Rear Adm. Charles K.,
449, 451–452
-
Bergus, Donald C., 8n
, 12n
, 23n
, 31n
, 37n
, 40n
, 41n
, 43n
, 44n
, 48n
, 51n
, 60n
, 66n
, 67n
, 7n
, 76n
, 80n
, 83n
, 95n
, 112n
, 126n
, 129n
, 132n
, 134n
, 140n
, 146n
, 148n
, 154n
, 164n
, 167n
-
Bernau, Phyllis D., 98, 109, 207n
, 574n
, 700n
, 734n
-
Berry, James Lampton, 57n
, 86–88, 126n
, 132n
, 154n
, 164n
, 652n
, 707n
-
Bevans, Charles I., 521n
, 768n
- Bevin, Ernest, 153
-
Bey, Khalid, 287–288, 481
-
Bey, Sabri, 610
- Birgi, Nuri, 593n
-
Bishop, Frederick A., 670, 682, 689
-
Bitar, Salah al–Din, 611, 620–628, 676, 763
-
al–Bizri, Gen. Afif, 639, 676, 677–678, 708, 745–747
-
Black, Eugene R., 457, 459, 506
-
Blackiston, Slator C., Jr., 37n
, 57n
-
Boardman, Francis, 181, 184n
, 185n
, 191n
,
542n
, 546n
, 558n
, 563n
, 574n
, 579n
, 583n
, 586n
, 587n
-
Bowie, Robert R., 20, 327, 329, 334, 567
-
Boyle, Charles A., 587
- Brand, Vance, 456
- Brentano, Heinrich von, 122
-
Brewer, William D., 767n
-
Brewster, Herbert D., 723n
- British Development Board, 39
- Brook, Norman, 510, 730
- Brown, Elizabeth Ann, 725n
-
Bulganin, Nikolai A., 268, 297n
, 351, 700n
- Bulgaria, 577, 721–724, 731
- Bullard, Reader, 274, 281
- Buraimi dispute:
-
Aramco, 282, 284, 287n
, 294, 437
- Arbitration Tribunal, establishment of, 274–275
- British occupation, 280–288, 331,
339
- British position, 29, 223n
, 289, 291n
, 308,
322–324,
328, 330–333, 377, 497,
511
- British–Saudi direct talks, 315, 321, 323–324, 331–332, 335–336
- And Muscat and Oman dispute, 222, 232, 234,
244–245
- Neutral zone, 336–337, 339,
355
- Oil industry, 286, 335
- Public opinion, 330
- Refugees, 355
- Riyadh line, 280, 328, 330–331
- Saudi–Egyptian relations, 29, 285, 367
- Saudi position, 244–245, 282–284, 286–288, 291,
294–295,
330, 333
- Saudi troop movements, 363
- Soviet military aid to Saudi Arabia, 282
- Truman declaration, 306–307, 333
-
U.N. role, 286–287, 292, 294–295, 302,
304
- British position, 308, 323, 336
- Saudi position, 222, 305, 364
- U.S. position, 282, 307–308, 315–316, 319–320, 324, 339–340
- U.S.–British relations, 223–225, 230,
282–284,
293, 303–308, 314n
, 318, 320–321, 324,
377–378
- U.S. position, 289, 295–296, 362, 396–397, 405,
749
- U.S.–Saudi relations, 252–253, 287–288, 295,
300, 303, 312n
,
325, 328, 351, 355–356, 436–437, 475
-
Burdett, William C., 30n
, 177n
, 185n
, 231n
, 273n
, 347n
, 388n
, 582n
, 586n
, 632n
, 661n
, 691n
, 694n
, 696n
, 698n
, 766n
-
Burgess, W. Randolph, 734
- Burma, 78, 578
-
Burrows, Bernard, 244
-
Butler, Col. Edward G., 291
-
Byroade, Henry A., 378n
-
Cabell, Lt. Gen. C.P., 640, 653n
, 674n
, 685
-
Caccia, Harold, 20, 79n
, 106–107, 247, 327, 510, 720
- Jordan, 92–94
- Muscat and Oman, 226, 238–247
- Saudi Arabia, 307–308, 329,
334, 412–413
- Syria, 243, 567, 670, 681–682, 689–690, 730
- Cain, Leighton, 359
- Caltex, 599
- Canal Convention of 1888, 419, 429
-
Cargo, William I., 237n
-
Carrigan, John W., 225, 283–285, 287, 399–402, 405–406, 408–409
-
Case, John E., 249–250, 264, 271
- Cassilly, Thomas A., 769–770
- Central Intelligence Agency, 310
- Ceylon, 78
-
Chamoun, Camille, 46, 103, 180, 192–194, 201n
, 219, 406n
, 508–509, 610
- Jordan, 112–115, 117
- Syria, 183, 636–638, 662n
, 689, 693n
, 696,
697n
, 711
- U.S. economic aid to Lebanon, 170–174, 178n
, 183–184, 186n
, 187, 198,
208–211
- U.S.–Lebanese relations, 196, 204n
, 207n
- U.S. military aid to Lebanon, 176,
186–187,
198, 199n
, 210–211, 217n
, 218
- Chapin, Selden, 270n
- Chase Manhattan Bank, 572
-
Chehab, Fuad, 191n
, 192,
210–211
- China, People’s Republic of, 64, 66–70, 261–264, 577, 642
-
Chiperfield, Robert B., 635
- Churchill, Winston Spenser, 330
-
Coghill, Patrick, 26
-
Collins, Brig. Gen. Richard, 94–95
- Colombia, 247
- Comay, Michael S., 662
-
Compton, Arthur A., 161n
- Congress, U.S.:
- Jordan, 168
- Middle East, 343
- Middle East Emergency Committee, 703
- Mutual Security Act, 1954, 217, 540n
- Saudi Arabia, 286n
, 298n
, 307, 456, 467,
484
- Syria, 688, 713
- Convention of Constantinople of 1888, 498
-
Cooper, John S., 311
- Corbett, Jack C., 456
-
Cottman, James S., Jr., 20, 327, 329,
334, 567
-
Coulson, John Eltringham, 8, 106, 340
- Craig, H.S., 530n
- Crawford, 760, 766
- Crossman, Richard, 14
- Crosthwaite, Ponsby Moore, 237n
, 238n
, 241
- Cuba, 247
-
Cumming, Hugh S. Jr., 234–235, 640, 674n
-
Cutler, Robert, 685, 701, 703
- Cyprus, 18–19, 35, 233, 366
- Czechoslovakia, 93, 185, 206, 713, 732
- Egyptian arms deal, 13, 177n
, 187, 278,
577, 662
- Saudi Arabia, economic aid to, 541,
558, 566, 577, 580, 593–594
- Syrian oil refinery, 583–584, 588–590
-
Dale, William N., 510, 730
- Davies, Fred, 294, 333, 406, 503–505
- Dawalibi, Maruf, 579
-
De Palma, Samuel, 237n
-
De Visscher, Charles, 274, 281–282
-
Dean, Patrick Henry, 510, 730
- Defense, U.S. Department of:
- Jordan, military aid to, 135
- Lebanon, 188, 195
- Saudi Arabia, 253, 259–260, 268n
, 301n
, 307, 346,
353, 379–382, 387n
, 415, 466–467
- Syria, 551
- Yemen, 770
- Dhahran Airfield. See under
Saudi Arabia.
- Dhahran–Riyadh Railroad, 348
- Dhofar, 225–226
- Dihigo, Ernesto, 274
-
Dillon, C. Douglas, 510, 730
-
al–Din, Abd al–Baqi Nizam, 675–676
- Dixon, Pierson, 246n
-
Dodds–Parker, Arthur D., 365, 393
-
Dorman, John, 163n
, 509n
, 510, 707n
, 720, 721n
, 730
-
Dorsey, Stephen P., 249, 250n
, 529n
-
Douglas, James H., 290
- Dubai, 355
- Duce, Terry, 281–282, 355, 503–505, 749
-
Duke, Charles Beresford, 4–5, 12n
, 22,
26–28, 59
-
Dulles, Allen, 212, 236, 281–282, 447, 481n
, 486n
, 651, 702, 761–762
-
Dulles, John Foster, 34n
, 230n
, 231n
, 481n
, 706n
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 21, 179–180, 443–444, 542n
- Arab nationalism, 202–203, 447
- Arab States, 447, 468, 476–477
- Baghdad Pact, 5, 517–518
- Bandung Conference, 526n
- Buraimi dispute, 281, 289n
, 291–293, 301–302, 327–328, 351–352, 363, 388–389, 392–393
- Egypt, 146, 378–379, 441–442
-
Eisenhower Doctrine, 103, 105–106, 108–109, 743
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 122
- Iraq, 43–45,
52–53,
56, 520–521, 529, 544n
, 663–664, 683, 694–696
- Israel, 104, 118n
, 122, 337, 646–650, 662n
, 690–691
- Jordan, 43–45, 52–53, 56, 73–74, 76–77, 104, 152–154, 163
- Baghdad Pact, 5, 517–518
-
Eisenhower
Doctrine, 103, 105–106, 108–109
- Political situation, 19–20, 26n
, 41–42, 98, 104, 109, 161–164
- United States, relations with, 6–7, 15–16,
40–41, 83, 698–699
- U.S. military and economic aid to, 67n
, 72–79,
128, 132–134, 139n
, 144, 146, 147n
, 148–149, 155–156, 158–159, 636
- U.S. policy toward, 12, 102–103, 105–106, 108–115, 117, 167–168
- Kuwait, 487n
,
488n
- Lebanon, 172–173, 207n
, 220, 659, 696–697, 710–714
- Middle East, 29–30, 49–50, 221, 309, 404,
470–471,
622n
, 685–688, 689n
, 733–734
- Muscat and Oman, 225–226, 227n
, 229,
236, 240–242, 247–248
- Overseas bases, 381–382
- Pakistan, 152–154
- Saudi Arabia:
- Anticommunism, 263–264, 273–274, 418, 500–501
- Dhahran Airfield, 296–297, 306–307, 395–399, 415–416, 419, 435
- France, relations with, 474–475
- Israel, relations with, 501
- Jordan, relations with, 76–77, 163
- Syrian political situation, 645, 660
- United States, relations with, 322, 333, 351, 417, 420–421, 423, 431–432, 437–440, 473–474, 482, 645
- Buraimi dispute, 295–296, 302–303, 307, 436–437
- Oil industry, 271–272, 432
- State visit, 374, 413–415, 430n
, 445–449, 469–470, 477–478, 481n
, 505, 612
- U.S. economic aid to, 435–436, 446, 494–496
- U.S. military aid to, 272–273, 275–277, 279–280, 370–371, 389–392, 410–411, 433–435, 446, 464, 467, 470–472, 494–496, 501–502
- Soviet Union, 219n
, 642, 687, 702,
704–705
- State Department communication systems, 638n
, 651
- Syria, 517–518, 541, 645–651, 653n
, 663–664, 683, 690–691, 694–699
- Iraq, relations with, 520–521, 529, 544n
- Political situation, 524–525, 545–546, 579, 591–593, 612–613, 619, 746–747
- Soviet Union, relations with, 551–552, 561, 566n
, 567, 574, 641–642, 687–688
- Turkey, relations with, 725,
726n
,
727
- United States, relations with, 442–443, 639, 744
- U.S. military and economic aid to, 516–517, 542n
, 546–547, 551–552, 569, 573
- Turkey:
- United Kingdom:
- Buraimi dispute, 222–223, 301–302, 388–389, 392–393
- Muscat and Oman, 231–233, 239, 243–247
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 281, 327–328, 332, 338, 362–364, 396–397, 474–475, 502, 510n
, 511n
- Syrian political situation, 647–648, 680–682, 689–690, 732–733
- United States, relations with, 29–30, 304n
, 313n
, 329, 334, 365–366, 377, 404, 510–512, 647–648, 680–682, 689–690, 732–733
- Yemen, 750–752, 754–755, 761,
766–767,
770–773
-
Dunn, William C., 583n
-
Eagleton, William L., 198n
-
Eban, Abba, 118n
, 121–122, 648–649, 691
- Ed–Din, Niyam, 101
-
Eden, Anthony, 2n
, 6, 15n
, 21
- Jordan, 14, 15n
, 25–28, 32n
- Saudi Arabia, 280, 284, 319,
322n
, 327–328, 334–340
- Visit to United States, 19–20, 314n
, 317,
321, 404, 567
- United States, 303, 304n
, 308, 313–314, 324,
329–333,
336, 437
-
Effendi, Muhammed, 325–326, 358, 385–387
- Egypt (see also
Egyptian–Syrian–Saudi (ESS) Pact; Gaza Strip; Suez Canal crisis):
- Aqaba, Gulf of, 498–499
- Arab League Collective Security Pact participation, 1
- Arab nationalism, 6, 202–203, 442, 487,
746n
- Aswan Dam, 74, 668
- Communist influence in, 176–177, 203,
206, 209
- Czech military aid to (see
also
Soviet bloc military aid to
below), 13, 177n
, 187, 278,
577, 662
- Gaza Strip, 428–429
- Iraq, relations with, 525
- Israel, relations with, 5, 441–442
- Jordan, relations with, 2, 55, 59, 68, 70, 84, 89
- Baghdad Pact, 9
- Israeli position, 120
- Political intrigue:
- British position, 18,
20, 29n
,
159–161
- Israeli position, 120
- Jordanian position, 24,
122–123
- Turkish position, 168
- U.S. position, 23, 33, 36, 100–101, 104, 108, 111, 113, 131, 156, 158, 161–162
- Possible partition, 29
- Turkish position, 168
- Lebanon, relations with, 177, 178, 183n
- Middle East, role in, 145
- British position, 570
- Iraqi position, 111n
- Lebanese position, 202
- Persian Gulf sheikhdoms, relations with, 753
- Saudi Arabiagh, relations with, 29,
231, 337, 351–352, 365, 367, 386–387, 415,
572
- Aqaba, Gulf of, 231, 499
- British position, 328, 365
- Buraimi dispute, 29, 285, 367
- Yemeni–Saudi–Egyptian treaty, 363
- Soviet bloc military aid to (see
also
Czech military aid to
above), 6, 124, 177,
187, 206, 278
- Israeli position, 662
- Lebanese position, 177
- Soviet military aid to, 6, 201, 273,
420, 435, 545, 596–597, 668
- Soviet Union, relations with, 168,
441, 545
- Syria, relations with, 145, 508, 525,
566, 577, 580, 593–595
- Egyptian political intrigue, 516n
, 517, 526–528, 530, 536, 553, 555, 563, 572, 592, 634
- United Kingdom, relations with, 21,
377
-
U.N. voting record, 578
- United States, relations with, 18, 50, 65, 146, 162,
429–430,
441–442,
667–669
- 1953 assurances, 713–714
- U.S.–British discussions, 567
- U.S. military and economic aid to, 171, 195, 476–477, 668
- Yemen, relations with, 363, 378, 753,
763
- Egyptian–Syrian–Saudi (ESS)
Pact (see also
Egypt; Saudi Arabia;
Syria):
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 41, 190
- Baghdad Pact, opposition to, 41, 224, 518
- British position, 313
- Formation of, 518
- Iraq, 44n
, 52, 519n
- Jordan, military and economic aid to, 11–12, 30, 31, 37–38, 40, 58, 78–80, 85, 87, 313
- Jordan, relations with, 2, 4, 25, 36, 38, 41, 43, 46n
- Lebanese participation, 189–190, 191n
- Saudi participation, 224
- Soviet Union, relations with, 41, 313
- Syria, 520n
,
523n
, 527, 566
- U.S. position, 43, 520–522
-
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 19, 456, 596, 648n
, 651
- Arab heads of state meeting, 423, 468n
- Arab oil boycott proposal, 403–404
- Egypt, 168, 429, 486
-
Eisenhower Doctrine (see also separate entry), 108–109, 195n
, 196, 205,
422, 609–610
- Iraq, 686
- Israel, 211, 430, 662n
- Joint Congressional Resolution, Jan. 1955,
598n
- Jordan, 6–7,
59, 87n
, 103,
108–109,
113–115,
130–131,
212, 686, 699n
- Lebanon, 176, 179–180, 204, 206–209, 212,
217, 659
- Middle East, 49, 119, 145, 204–205, 215, 221,
342–343,
470–471
- Muscat and Oman, 226–227, 230–231, 236,
238n
, 239n
, 240–242, 244, 246
- Mutual Security Act, 199n
- Saudi Arabia, 336, 354n
, 368n
, 405, 417–418, 421,
423–430,
439, 506–507
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 407,
428–429, 499n
- Dhahran Airfield, 299–300, 369, 373, 380, 382, 389, 415, 419
- Economic development, 425–426
- Iran, relations with, 426–427
-
Saud visit, 374–375, 405–406, 413, 445–449, 478n
, 481–485, 505, 612
- Soviet Union, relations with, 427
- Syria, relations with, 500
- United Kingdom, relations with, 319, 334–338, 340, 396, 510n
, 511n
- U.S. military aid to, 370,
408n
,
424–425, 466–467
- Syria, 429, 486, 594, 632n
, 744
- Syrian crisis, 635, 640, 645,
653n
, 659–660, 670n
, 680–681, 715n
, 732–733
- Turkey, 693n
- United Kingdom, 304, 308, 313–314, 329–333, 336,
444–445,
670n
, 680–681, 682n
, 732–733
- Yemen, 754–755, 762
-
Eisenhower, Maj. John S. D., 645
-
Eisenhower Doctrine
(see also
Middle East: U.S. military and
economic aid to), 195n
- Egyptian position, 197, 668
- Iraqi position, 643
- Jordanian position, 84, 91, 123
- Lebanese position, 196–197, 202, 205, 209
- And neutralism, 220
- Propaganda, 716–717
- Saudi position, 422, 489–490
- Syrian position, 197, 609–610, 620, 624, 627–628, 631, 742, 744
- Turkish position, 643
- U.S. policy toward Jordan, 85, 93, 103, 105–106, 108–109, 115–116, 119, 122, 168
- U.S. policy toward Lebanon, 198, 208, 215, 219–221
- U.S. policy toward Saudi Arabia, 418–419, 422, 489–490
- U.S. policy toward Syria, 620–622, 624, 627–628, 631, 646, 650–651, 692–693, 695, 697–699, 713, 741–744
- U.S. policy toward Turkey, 700
-
Elbrick, C. Burke, 81n
, 304, 397n
,
706n
, 725n
-
Emmerson, John K., 177n
, 178n
, 179–180, 183–184, 186n
- Engen, Hans, 739
- Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI), 586
- Eritrea, 753
- Erskine, 94–95
- Esenbel, Melih, 644, 653, 656, 723n
, 724n
-
Eshkol, Levi, 631
-
ESS Pact. See
Egyptian–Syrian–Saudi (ESS) Pact.
- Ethiopia, 753
-
Evans, Allan, 449
-
Evans, Delaven, 359
- Export–Import Bank, 255, 446, 457, 480, 570–572, 753
-
Fahd ibn Saud, Prince, 96, 417, 431, 445, 481
-
Faisal II, King, 43, 367, 373, 406n
, 656–658, 671–673, 683
-
Faisal ibn al–Aziz ibn Abd al–Rahman
al–Faisal al Saud, 261–263, 311
- China, People’s Republic of, 261–262
- Iraq, 349–350
- Israel, 507
- Jordan, 111–112, 131, 132n
, 134, 153
- United Kingdom, 282, 294–295, 307n
, 335–336, 365, 393,
396
- U.S. military aid to Saudi Arabia, 260, 267n
,
296–297,
298n
, 373–374, 389, 402
- U.S.–Saudi relations, 253, 255n
, 256–257, 270–271, 287–288, 302n
, 303n
, 387, 505–507
- al–Fansa, Nazir, 540, 558, 560n
-
al–Faqih, Sheik Asad, 257–259, 296, 299n
, 300n
, 413, 488n
, 489n
, 727
- Farhan, Hamad, 157
- Farouk, King, 27n
, 576n
- Farsi and Arabi Islands, 425, 427, 437–438, 444, 472–473
-
Fawzi, Mahmoud, 420n
, 529n
, 728–729, 738–739, 745
-
Field, Col. Fred, 359
-
Finn, Richard B., 192n
-
Follis, Ralph Gwin, 331,
337
- Food and Agricultural Organization, 366
-
Foster, Austin T., 264n
, 271, 368n
- Foster Wheeler Company, 571, 586
-
Fox, Lt. Gen. Alonzo P., 359
- France (see also
Suez Canal crisis), 46,
182, 207, 247, 624
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 403,
408–409
- Syria, relations with, 516n
, 517, 526–528, 530, 536,
541, 553, 555, 593, 604–605
- Frank, Isaiah, 510, 730
- Frechtling, Louis E., 542n
, 546n
,
558n
-
Fritzlan, A. David, 56n
, 249, 254n
,
257n
, 259n
, 393, 395n
-
Fulbright, James W., 668,
743
-
Funkhouser, Richard, 719
-
Furnas, Howard E., 487n
-
Gabier, Walter S., 748–749, 751, 756
-
Gallman, Waldemar J., 49n
, 96n
- Iraq, 63, 322, 349, 664, 671,
683, 694n
- Iraqi–Jordanian relations, 43, 44n
, 45n
, 53–54, 56n
, 63, 141–143
- Jordan, 51n
,
52n
, 111n
, 127, 128n
- Saudi Arabia, 291, 322, 349
- Syria, 520n
,
521, 543–544, 548–549, 552–553, 589n
- Syrian crisis, 636, 664, 671,
683, 694n
- Turkey, 673
-
Gamon, David L., 237n
-
Gargoni, Khalid, 269–271, 273, 278
- Garran, Isham Peter, 689
- Gay, Merrill C., 249, 264n
, 456
- Gaza Strip, 176, 428–429, 443, 448–449, 521
- Geneva Conference, 268
-
George, Walter F., 343
-
Geren, Paul F., 317n
, 378n
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 122
-
el–Ghazzi, Said, 11, 183, 541n
, 546n
, 554, 560n
, 566, 570
-
Gleason, S. Everett, 606–607, 701–704
-
Glubb, Lt. Gen. John Bagot, 10, 19, 22, 47
- Goodkind, Louis W., 334
-
Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J.,
130n
, 285n
, 404, 406n
, 414–415, 645, 662n
, 670n
, 685–689
-
Gordon, Thomas S., 635
-
Graves, Hubert Ashton, 334
-
Gray, Gordon, 268n
, 334n
, 341–342, 369n
, 379, 389n
, 415, 467, 542n
- Greece, 109, 356,
434
-
Green, Theodore F., 635
-
Greene, Joseph N., Jr., 67n
, 247, 661n
-
Gromyko, Andrei A., 700, 702, 706, 713, 720, 738n
-
Grover, Brig. Gen. Orrin L., 255
-
Hagerty, James C., 103, 108–109, 327, 329, 334, 341–342, 567, 659, 680, 699n
- Haikal, Mohamed, 664n
,
666
-
Hamid Ad–Jin, Ahmad bir Yahya
Muhammed, 500, 511, 748–749, 751, 757–769, 773n
-
Hamilton, Charles W., 728
-
Hammarskjold, Dag, 15, 167, 420, 728, 731, 738–739
-
Hamui, Mamun, 633, 637n
- Hananiya, Anastas, 130n
-
Hancock, William, 359, 386, 395n
, 396, 449
-
Hare, Raymond A., 260, 270, 356, 545n
, 612, 613n
, 664–669, 744–746, 747n
- Harkavy, Yehoshafat, 644n
-
Hart, Parker T., 170,
173, 174n
, 249, 250, 251n
, 520n
, 524n
-
Hasan, Ibrahim, 748–749, 751
-
Hasan, Mahmud, 274
-
Hashim Bey, Ibrahim, 10n
, 17n
, 109,
150
- Hawrani, Akram, 525–526, 676
-
Hayter, William Goodenough, 159, 510, 730
-
Heath, Donald B., 46n
, 194
- Lebanon, 114, 176, 184–185, 191n
, 193n
, 196–197, 199n
, 208–211, 219n
, 711n
- Saudi Arabia, 508–509, 711n
- Syria, 243, 697n
, 712, 724
- Hedding, Adm. Truman, 379–381
- Hejaz Railway, 310–312, 349, 353, 369, 373, 577, 582
-
Henderson, Loy W., 67n
, 159, 232, 342, 496n
,
632n
, 767n
- Iraq, 685–686
- Israel, 662
- Lebanon, 697n
,
710–711
- Middle East, 661, 680
- Syrian crisis, 635, 640, 650,
652–653,
656, 658–659, 663–664, 666, 669–670, 680–682, 744
- Turkey, 684
- Yemen, 761
-
Herter, Christian A., 122, 134n
, 147n
, 445, 481n
, 510
- Israel, 118–119, 121–122
- Jordan, 92–97, 118–119, 126, 140–141, 154–155
- Muscat and Oman, 234–238, 239n
, 241–242
- Syria, 632, 635–637, 639–640, 648, 730
- Turkey, 730
- Yemen, 761, 764, 765n
, 767–768, 770
- Herzog, Chaim, 662
- Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 509
-
Hill, Robert C., 342
- bin Himyar, Suleiman, 229
- Hiyari, Ali, 34, 94,
100–101, 157
-
Hogaboom, Maj. Gen. Robert E., 530n
-
Hollister, John B., 147, 411n
, 764–765
-
Holman, Eugene, 321
-
Hood, Samuel, 510, 720, 722, 730
-
Hooper, Robin William, 543–545, 548–549
-
Hoover, Herbert, Jr., 20, 34n
, 67n
, 222n
, 287, 309n
, 327, 389n
, 392n
, 417, 431, 445, 597n
- Egypt, 567
- Iraq, 48–49,
349–350
- Jordan, 30–32, 48–49, 51, 66–67, 74–75, 79n
- Kuwait, 169
- Lebanon, 177–178, 193
- Middle East, 60–62, 343, 404
- Saudi Arabia, 254–256, 285–286, 322,
326, 333–334, 336, 347–349, 351,
353, 404
- Iraq, relations with, 349–350
- Israel boycott demand, 264–267, 271n
, 272n
- Soviet Union, relations with, 267–268
- United Kingdom, relations with, 289, 296, 302, 314–319, 332, 334–338, 364–365
- U.S. military aid to, 259–261, 265–266, 344, 360n
, 369n
, 370, 414–415
- Syria, 542–543, 550–551, 557–561, 567,
573, 582, 583n
,
588–589,
590n
, 591n
, 607–608
- United Kingdom, 193, 283, 303–304, 305n
, 324,
329, 377n
, 412–413
[Page 785]
- Hovell, Lt. Col., Bergen B., 530n
-
Howe, Fisher, 130n
, 481n
, 579n
, 639n
, 652n
, 653n
, 662n
, 670n
, 674n
, 727n
- State Department communications systems, 651
- Syrian crisis, 640, 738
- U.S.–British relations, 377n
-
Howison, John M., 154n
-
Humphrey, George M., 341, 404
- Hungary, 60, 438,
596, 687
-
al–Husayni, Jamal, 417, 423n
, 431, 445, 481, 508–509, 724
-
Hussein, Ahmad, 378n
, 745
-
Hussein, King, 10, 12n
, 83–84, 135, 165
- Arab heads of state meeting, 406n
, 421n
, 447,
468, 612n
- Baghdad Pact, 2
- Egypt, 379
- Iraq, 17–18,
350, 672
- Jordanian foreign relations, 64, 66–70, 80–81, 111, 112n
, 133,
158
- Jordanian political situation, 14, 20–22, 34–38, 41–42, 45–47, 57–58, 60, 64, 89, 123, 124, 156–157, 159–162, 617,
675
- Military and economic aid for Jordan, 3–5, 8–9, 11, 72–79, 86, 127, 129n
, 148–149, 155,
158–159
- Middle East, 145
- Saudi Arabia, 133n
, 163, 379
- Soviet Union, 718
- Syrian crisis, 636–638, 644,
653–657,
689, 693n
, 698,
699n
- Turkey, 673
- United Kingdom, 26–28, 29n
, 30–33, 37, 62n
, 64
- U.S.–Jordanian relations, 40–41, 110, 112–114, 125, 130–131, 132n
, 144n
, 164–168, 734
-
Hussein, Maj. Amin, 156
-
Ibn Saud, King Abdul Aziz, 270n
, 305, 307, 333, 384, 475, 711
-
Ibrahim, Muhammad, 101
- Iceland, 381
- Ilah, Abdul (Abul Ilah ibn Ali ibn Husain al–Hashimi), 610, 685, 711
- Jordan, 672, 686
- Saudi Arabia, 671–673
- Syrian crisis, 658, 671–673, 683, 689,
693n
, 694, 696n
- Turkey, 642n
,
663–664,
670, 673
- Ilah, Amir Abdul, 35, 143, 466, 549, 556
- India, 78, 225,
262, 440, 578
- Indonesia, 473, 739
-
Innab, Maj. Gen. Radi, 27n
, 45, 47, 48n
- Intelligence Advisory Committee, 102–103, 674n
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD):
- International Cooperation Administration (ICA):
- Jordan, 7, 38–39, 66, 85–86, 118, 132
- Lebanon, 183, 192, 195, 200, 217
- Saudi Arabia, 416, 455, 494
- Yemen, 764, 767–768, 770
- International Court of Justice, 321
- International Monetary Fund, 456–457, 464
- Iran, 121, 250–251, 356, 425, 427, 434, 437–438, 531, 715
- Iraq:
- Arab League participation, 253n
- British military aid, 124
- Communist Party, 531
- Economic situation, 62–63
- Egypt, relations with, 525
-
ESS Pact, 44n
, 52, 519n
- Israel, relations with, 52, 55, 119
- Jordan, possible intervention in, 17–18, 25, 90–91, 95, 105, 108
- British position, 35
- Iraqi position, 53–54, 59,
96n
,
97, 99, 107
- Israeli position, 52–55, 97,
116, 120
- U.S. position, 52, 54–55,
93, 97, 110–111, 114
- Jordan, relations with, 2, 19, 38, 41, 65, 69, 96, 103–104, 151, 158,
567
- British position, 35
- Economic aid, 43–45, 48,
49n
- Israeli position, 96n
, 97
- Jordanian political situation, 96, 103–104
- Possible Iraqi intervention, 90–91, 93, 95,
96n
,
97, 99, 105, 107–108
- Possible partition of Jordan, 25, 38, 68, 610
- Syrian crisis, 672–673, 683, 685–686, 696n
- Union proposal, 7, 14, 153
- U.S. position, 43–44, 48–49, 68, 70–71, 164
- Lebanon, relations with, 177n
, 180
- Muscat and Oman, 247
- Oil industry (see also
Iraq Petroleum Company), 128
- Political situation, 35, 145–146, 322, 349,
671, 673, 685, 711, 742
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 96, 145, 318–319, 349–350, 355,
365, 367
- Soviet Union, relations with, 718
- Syria, relations with, 349, 516, 519,
525, 528–529, 536, 575,
592, 656, 671–673
- British position, 21, 548
- Iraqi intervention, possible, 520–522, 523n
, 528, 544–545, 548–549, 556, 568, 604–607, 610–613
- Iraqi political intrigue, 527,
530, 555, 569–570
- Oil industry (see also
Iraq Petroleum Company), 349, 588–589, 611–612
- Union proposal, 529, 545–546, 679
- U.S. military aid to Iraq, 521, 661, 664, 700–701
- Turkey, relations with, 21, 549, 638,
642–644
-
U.N. voting record, 578
- United Kingdom, relations with, 35,
259
- United States, relations with, 39, 42, 110–111, 466
- U.S. economic aid to, 692, 695, 696n
- U.S. military aid to, 52, 56, 182, 194–195, 199, 661,
714
- Israeli position, 649
- Jordanian position, 4, 124
- Saudi position, 253, 356, 434
- Syria, 521, 661, 664, 694–695, 700–701, 714, 733
- U.S. military bases in, 384
- Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), 133n
, 142
- Lebanon, 180
- Syrian pipeline, 548–549, 558–559, 570,
685
- Sabotage, 504, 543, 594–595, 599–600, 607–608, 610–612, 614, 652, 703, 707, 709
- U.S. aid to Iraq, 692, 695, 696n
- Israel (see also
Arab–Israeli dispute; Suez
Canal crisis):
- Aqaba, Gulf of, shipping, 116, 120–121, 428, 481n
, 490–491, 499, 508–509, 624
- Arab position, 501
- British military aid, 40
- Economic situation, 119, 121–122
- Egypt, relations with, 5
- French military aid, 46, 665
- German Federal Republic, relations with, 122
- Immigration policy, 121, 620, 623,
631
- Iraq, relations with, 52, 55, 119
- Jordan, relations with, 31, 157–158
- Fedayeen activity, 70
- Israeli intervention, possible, 90–91, 93–97,
103–104, 106, 108
- Jordanian partition, possible, 25, 29, 38
- Jordan Valley Plan, 25, 99
- Lebanon, relations with, 176–177, 184–185, 211
- Military capabilities, 78n
, 165
- Oil industry, 264–265, 271n
, 272
- Political situation, 521
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 119,
269, 318, 333, 365, 424–425, 434
- Sinai, withdrawal from, 614
- Soviet policy toward, 648
- Syria, relations with, 525, 536, 555,
648–649
- Tiran and Sanafir Islands, 438, 444
- Tiran Straits shipping, 116, 119–121
- Turkey, relations with, 440
- United Kingdom, relations with, 64
- United States, relations with, 69, 166
[Page 787]
- Jordan, 96–97, 99, 104–106, 110, 112, 114–116, 118–122
- Saudi Arabia, 253, 360n
- State visit proposal, 430
- Syrian crisis, 646–650, 662–663, 690–691
- U.S. military aid to Lebanon, 194, 199
- U.S. forces in, 18
- U.S. military aid to, 40, 45–46, 139n
, 185–187, 194, 269,
341n
, 360, 501,
559, 649
- U.S. policy toward, 7, 82, 119, 120, 277
- And U.S. Zionism, 394
- Italy, 583, 585–586, 615
-
Jabbar, Sheikh Ahmad Abdul, 299n
, 300n
, 326n
, 505
- Jabr, Salih, 35
-
al–Jabri, Majd al–Din, 584, 594–595, 599n
-
Jackling, Roger William, 510, 730
-
Jamali, Muhammed Fadhi, 517n
, 671, 673
- Japan, 583
- Jawdat, Ali, 638, 671, 673, 683, 685, 694n
, 711–712
-
Jenkins, Alfred leSesne, 282–283, 613
- Jennings, Brewster, 271, 272n
-
Jernegan, John D., 173, 259n
, 263n
, 267n
,
516n
, 517n
, 524n
, 652, 758
- Jerusalem, 18
- Jeton, Frank, 633
-
Johnson, Charles E., 213n
-
Johnson, John A., 290
-
Johnson, Lyndon B., 635,
700
-
Johnston, Eric, 2n
, 13,
45, 73, 79–83, 91, 150–152, 160, 494, 534–535
- Johnston Mission, 534–535
- Johnston Plan. See
Jordan Valley Plan.
- Joint Chiefs of Staff:
- Joint Strategic Plans Committee, 188–191
-
Jones, John Wesley, 510, 730
- Jordan (see also
Arab Legion; Arab States;
and Jordan and Jordanian subentries under other
subjects):
- Anticommunism, 83–84
- Arab Legion, 15–18, 42–43, 47
- Arab nationalism, 6, 84
- Bedouins, 6, 94–95, 108
- British economic aid to, 38, 58, 66–70, 74, 78, 81, 85, 87, 313
- Arab Legion, 2–3, 8,
50, 67–68
- British position, 76, 82–83
- Development loans, 85
- Jordanian position, 72
- Payment deferments, 123–124, 126, 129, 140, 154
- British military aid to, 2–4, 8, 11, 30n
, 31–32, 51, 69, 87, 137
- China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 64, 66–70
- Communist influence in (see
also
Soviet intrigue
under
Political situation
below):
- British position, 17, 20–21
- Jordanian position, 23–24, 59,
123, 477
- U.S. position, 16, 19, 23,
36, 75, 104, 111, 158, 245
- Economic situation, 7, 124, 140,
142–143,
146, 153
- U.S.–British position, 150–151
- Egypt, relations with, 2, 9, 55, 59, 68, 70, 84, 89
- Israeli position, 120
- Possible partition, 29
- Turkish position, 168
- Egyptian intrigue:
- British position, 18, 20, 29n
, 159–161
- Israeli position, 120
- Jordanian position, 24, 122–123
- Turkish position, 168
- U.S. position, 23, 33, 36,
100–101, 104, 108, 111, 113, 131, 156, 158, 161–162
- Egyptian military and economic aid to, 3, 42n
,
46, 140–141, 143, 146,
625
-
ESS Pact military and economic aid
to, 11–12,
30n
, 31, 37–38, 40, 58, 78–80, 85, 87, 313
-
ESS Pact powers, relations with,
4, 25, 38, 41, 43, 189–190, 191n
- Iraq, relations with, 2, 19, 38, 41, 65, 69, 151, 158, 567
[Page 788]
- Jordanian political situation, 96, 103–104
- Possible partition of Jordan, 25, 38, 68, 610
- Syrian crisis, 672–673, 683, 685–686, 696n
- Union proposal, 7, 14, 153
- U.S. position, 43–44, 48–49, 68, 70–71, 164
- Iraqi forces in, 102, 123, 594
- Iraqi intervention, possible, 17–18, 25, 90–91, 95, 105, 108
- British position, 35
- Iraqi position, 53–54, 59,
96n
,
97, 99, 107
- Israeli position, 52–55, 97,
116, 120
- U.S. position, 52, 54–55,
93, 97, 110–111, 114
- Iraqi military and economic aid to:
- British position, 62n
- Iraqi position, 49n
, 56, 63, 111n
, 127, 128n
, 142
- Jordanian position, 65, 127
- And U.S. aid, 44, 48, 52,
70–71, 140–144
- U.S. position, 40, 43–45,
48, 51, 63, 69, 81,
126, 128–129, 132
- Iraqi–Saudi talks, 127–128, 134
- Israel, relations with, 31, 157–158
- Fedayeen activity, 70
- Israeli intervention, possible, 90–91, 93–97,
103–104, 106, 108
- Jordan, possible partition of, 25, 29, 38
- Israeli policy toward, 96–97, 99, 104–106, 114–116, 118–122
- Kuwait, relations with, 151
- Lebanon, relations with, 36, 46
- Military situation, 124, 151
- National Guard, 42
- Neutralism, 36–37
- Pakistan, relations with, 4, 153
- Palestinian refugees, 14, 45, 103
- British position, 74, 151
- Economic situation, 153
- Political situation, 6, 13, 15n
, 20–22, 24, 37–38, 57, 95,
108, 151, 162, 711
-
U.N. aid for, 13, 38
- U.S. aid for, 13, 66, 77–78
- U.S. position, 45, 151
- Political situation (see also
Communist influence
and
Egyptian intrigue
above), 6–7, 9, 10n
, 12–13, 33–34, 47, 88–89, 90, 100–102, 163, 192
- Anti–British sentiment, 64
- Arab nationalism, 23, 33, 84,
104
- Army role, 84, 89, 94–95, 98, 108, 160, 162
- Bathiyiin, 84, 90–91,
157
- Bedouin role, 6, 94–95,
108
- British position, 20–22, 24–25, 35, 150–151
- Communist Party, 57–58, 84,
91, 531
- Coup attempt, Apr. 13, 1957, 92
- Dissolution of parliament, 57–58
- Egyptian position, 98, 146
-
ESS influence, 38, 41
- Hiyari resignation, 100–101
- Iraqi position, 48n
- Iraqi role, 96, 103–104
- Israeli position, 99, 120
- Jordanian position, 122–123, 130–131
- Lebanese role, 104
- Liberation Party, 157
- Martial law, 106, 109
- Moslem–Christian conflict, 33,
37–38
- National Socialist Party, 90,
101
- Rioting, 9–10, 15–17, 19,
23, 37–38
- Saudi role, 20–21, 24,
96, 99, 102n
, 103–104, 313
- Soviet intrigue, 122, 161–162
- Syrian intrigue, 100–101, 104, 108, 111, 113, 122–123, 156, 158–162, 617, 631
- Syrian position, 742
- U.S. position, 103, 106–107, 150–151, 711
- Partition, possible, 25–26, 29, 38, 68–69, 151, 610
- Riyadh–Medina Railroad, 460
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 2, 133n
, 158, 318
- Israeli position, 116, 120
- Jordanian political situation, 24, 96, 99, 102n
, 103–104, 313
- Saudi intervention, possible, 93–95, 108, 110–112, 120, 123
- Jordanian partition, possible, 25, 29, 38, 69
- Syrian crisis, 638, 699n
- U.S. position, 69–71, 96,
99, 111–112, 151, 163–164, 350
- Saudi military and economic aid to, 128, 143–144, 146–147
- Saudi forces in, 102–103, 108,
119, 123
- Saudi–Iraqi talks, 127–128, 134
- Soviet bloc military aid to, 42, 46
- Soviet Union, relations with, 6, 11, 40, 59, 64, 66–68, 76, 78–80, 82, 103, 106,
313, 718
- Syria, relations with, 11, 25, 68–69, 78–79, 89, 146
- Defense pact, 59, 593–594
- Jordanian political situation, 100–101, 104, 108, 111, 113, 122–123, 156, 158–162, 617, 631, 742
- Jordanian partition, possible, 610
- Syrian intervention, possible, 91, 93, 95, 105, 107, 110, 115–116, 594, 617, 631
- Syrian forces in, 102, 105, 108,
123, 617
- Syrian military and economic aid to, 140–141, 143, 146,
625, 631
- United Kingdom, relations with (see also British
subheadings above), 4n
, 5–7, 13–14, 22, 69, 73, 87, 151, 153
- Baghdad Pact, 5
- Dismissal of Arab Legion officers, 26–35, 37–38,
68
- Jordanian position, 24–26
- British intervention, possible, 18, 25, 35, 54n
, 92–93, 107, 159–161
- Severing of relations, 61–66, 68,
72, 81n
, 84, 87–88, 129
-
Templer Mission,
7–8
- U.S. position, 19, 31–32,
39–40, 41n
, 72, 78–79
-
U.N. economic aid to, 7, 13, 38–39, 66, 80
-
U.N. role in, 60–61, 167
- United States, relations with, 12, 30–31, 65, 90, 130–131
- Anti– U.S. rioting, 9–10, 15–17, 19, 23,
37–38
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 46
-
Eisenhower
Doctrine, 85, 93, 103, 105–106, 108–109, 115–116, 119, 122, 168
- Israeli position, 69, 71, 105, 119–120
- Jordanian position, 14, 164–166, 653–654
- Palestinian refugees, 24
- Possible U.S. intervention, 93,
103, 105–106, 108–109, 114–116, 159–161
- Propaganda, 7, 38–39
-
Richards Mission,
96, 102, 105, 113, 117–118, 122
- Sixth Fleet deployment, 108,
112, 114, 117, 122
- Syrian crisis, 654–656, 698–699
-
Templer Mission,
20, 105
-
U.N. statement, 704–705
- U.S. policy, 6–7, 38–39, 68–71,
74–75, 95–96, 110–113, 151, 162
- U.S.–British discussions, 80, 86–88, 93–94, 139, 149–152, 154–155
- U.S. economic aid to, 13, 44, 50, 74–75, 113, 117–118, 129,
132, 134, 140, 153–154
- And British economic aid, 50,
66, 70
- British position, 79n
, 83, 88
- Iraqi position, 63n
- Iraqi role, 65, 69–70,
112n
,
127, 133–134, 142–145, 147
- Israeli position, 69, 71
- Jordanian position, 59, 61n
, 64, 68,
72, 77, 123–124, 127, 130n
, 165, 655–656
- Off–shore procurement, 143–144
-
Richards Mission,
133n
- Saudi position, 112n
- Saudi role, 73, 133–134
- Syrian position, 624–625
- Technical assistance, 39, 85
- Turkish position, 89
- U.S. position, 74, 76, 78,
80–82, 85–86, 125, 144–147, 167–168
- U.S. military aid to, 3, 7–8, 56, 66, 72, 113, 117, 128–130, 152,
167–168,
501, 661, 714
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 64–65
- Baghdad Pact, 4n
, 5
- Conditions for, 476–477
- Equipment, 3, 148–149, 155–156, 158
- Iraqi position, 51, 55, 59
- Iraqi role, 52, 54, 56,
65, 69, 127, 136–137
- Israeli position, 155n
, 156n
, 636
- Jordanian position, 46, 61n
, 124, 165, 655
- Off–shore procurement, 137–138
- Saudi role, 73, 127, 136–137
- Syrian crisis, 654, 661, 664, 714, 733–734
- Training, 149
- U.S. position, 40, 46, 82,
85, 125, 132–141
- U.S. missionaries in, 38
- Western orientation of, 1, 55, 80, 95, 157, 192
- Yarmuk River, 85
- Jordan Valley Plan, 2n
, 7, 13, 15, 23,
25, 99, 171, 177, 535–536
- Kalijarvi, Thorsten V., 582
- al–Kallas, Khalil, 594–595
-
Karam, Georges, 179, 180n
- Kayyali, Ghalib, 610n
,
622n
, 626–628
- Kellogg Company, 586
- Kelly, Thomas R., 249
- Kern, Harry, 299n
, 326n
-
al–Khalidi, Fakhri Husayn, 90n
, 95, 100–101, 104, 109
- al–Khalidi, Rasim, 456–457
-
al–Khayyal, Sheikh Abdullah, 361–362, 393–394, 456, 458, 461, 468, 481, 505
- Buraimi dispute, 289n
, 303
- United Kingdom, 338–339, 355,
362, 364, 511
- U.S. aid to Saudi Arabia, 275–277, 279–280, 289n
, 303
-
Khouri, Victor A., 181–182, 184–185, 220, 524–525
-
Khrushchev, Nikita S., 278, 351, 687–688, 707
- al–Khuri, Fans, 514–515
-
King, Gen. Richard, 359
-
Kirk, Roger, 37n
, 392n
, 396n
, 597n
- Kirkbride, Alec S., 32n
-
Kirkpatrick, Ivone A., 28–29, 223–225, 301n
, 304, 307–308
-
Knowland, William F., 343, 635, 688, 700
- Korea, 485
- Kotob, Anwar, 626n
- al–Koudsi, Nazim, 594
- Kuneralp, Zeki, 693n
- Kuwait, 151, 169, 315, 339, 355, 426–427, 487
- Kuwait Oil Company, 169
-
Kuwatly. See
al–Quwatli,
Shukri
.
- Laboulaye, François de, 605
-
Lahud, Salim, 178n
-
Lakeland, Albert A., Jr., 191n
, 753–754, 771n
-
Lang, William, 359
-
Larson, Arthur, 715n
-
Laskey, Dennis Seward, 73, 510, 730
-
Lathram, L. Wade, 456, 464n
, 480n
- Lavrentyev, Anatoliy Iosifovich, 269
-
Lawson, Edward B., 97n
, 99, 115–116, 118n
, 119
- Lebanon (see also
Arab States; Lebanon and
Lebanese subheadings under other subjects):
- Arab nationalism, 202–203
- British military aid to, 178, 182, 193,
199n
- Christians in, 172
- Communism in, 183, 201, 209,
531
- Egypt, relations with, 177, 178, 183n
-
ESS Pact, 189–190, 191n
- French military aid to, 182
- Iraq, relations with, 177n
, 180
- Israel, relations with, 176–177, 184–185, 211
- Jordan, relations with, 36, 46
- Jordan Valley Plan, 171, 177
- Middle East regional defense, 172,
174–175,
309
- Military capabilities, 190
- Oil industry, 180, 709
- Palestinian refugees, 187–188
- Political situation, 172, 177–178, 201, 206,
211, 219, 313
- Army role, 202
- Egyptian intrigue, 194, 201, 206, 209–210, 212, 216, 219
- Soviet intrigue, 216
- Syrian intrigue, 194, 201, 206, 209–210, 216, 219, 742
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 508
- Soviet bloc military aid to, 189–190
- Soviet Union, relations with, 187,
201
- Syria, relations with, 177n
, 178, 183, 186,
210–211,
709
-
U.N. voting record, 578
- United States, relations with, 39, 175–176, 204–207
- U.S. economic aid to, 170n
, 171, 173, 187,
192, 195–196, 198–200, 208–213, 215, 219
- British position, 178
- Egyptian position, 668
- U.S. forces in, 108
- U.S. military aid to, 188, 190–193, 212, 215–216, 220,
501, 546–547, 550–551
- And Arab–Israeli dispute, 170n
, 176, 179–180, 184–187, 199
- Baghdad Pact, 3
- British position, 178
-
Eisenhower
Doctrine, 198
- Israeli position, 649
- Lebanese position, 170–172, 174–176, 181, 183, 186, 200–202, 207, 209, 219
- Syrian crisis, 638, 697, 733
- U.S. position, 173–174, 179–180, 182–185, 188–191, 194–195, 210–211, 217–218, 540–543
- U.S. policy toward, 196–197, 213–215
- Western orientation of, 171–172, 181,
189, 200, 202
-
Leishman, Frederick John, 510, 730
-
Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 701
- Libya, 109, 307,
346, 381–382, 460, 656
-
Liebesny, Herbert J., 234n
, 498n
-
Lightner, E. Allen, Jr., 379, 632n
-
Lilienthal, Alfred, 394
-
Lindsay, Maj. Gen. Richard C., 290
-
Lister, Ernest A., 334
-
Lloyd, Selwyn, 20–21, 29,
73–76, 79n
, 94, 159–160, 509–510
- Buraimi dispute, 322–324, 327–328, 331,
365–366,
377–378,
388–389,
392–393
- Middle East issues, 732–733
- Muscat and Oman, 228–230, 231n
, 232–233, 236, 241,
244, 246–248
- Saudi Arabia, 322–324, 327–329, 330–331, 334–336, 364–366, 370,
377–378,
396–397
- Syria, 569–570, 647–648, 720–722, 730–733
-
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 246–247, 414, 724–725, 728–731, 739–740
- Loutfi, Omar, 739
-
Luce, Henry Robinson, 262n
-
Lucet, Charles E., 605
- Lummus Company, 583, 586, 589–590
-
McAfee, William, 102,
487n
-
MacArthur, Douglas, II, 70, 315, 327, 329, 334, 351–352, 370, 377n
, 382, 404, 567
-
McCardle, Carl W., 16, 334n
-
McGuire, E. Perkins, 379–382
-
McKinnon, Robert A., 652n
-
Macmillan, Harold M., 87n
, 137, 178, 304n
, 681,
749
- Buraimi dispute, 289, 293, 301–303, 305,
511n
- Muscat and Oman, 226–227, 230–233, 238n
, 239n
, 240–242
- Saudi Arabia, 289, 293, 509n
, 510n
- Syrian crisis, 659, 670n
, 681–682, 689, 732–733
- U.S.–British relations, 510n
, 686
-
Macomber, William B., 73, 196n
, 313n
, 375n
,
472n
, 561n
, 700n
-
McSweeney, John M., 664
-
Mahayri, Issam, 538n
-
Mahdi, Mohammad, 275,
361, 393
-
Main, Charles T., 171n
- al–Majali, Haza, 9–10, 57, 101,
127–128
- Majid, Abdul Aziz, 431, 468, 481
-
Makins, Roger M., 17, 20, 285n
, 327, 392n
- Jordan, 34–35, 81–82
- Kuwait, 169
- Saudi Arabia, 285, 303–304, 317–318, 322n
, 329, 334,
351, 377n
, 396,
397n
- Syria, 544n
,
567
- U.S.–British relations, 313n
, 377n
-
Malik, Charles, 179, 192, 200–203, 387, 511, 526n
- Lebanese political situation, 194,
206, 219
- Syria, 524–527, 662n
, 689, 693n
, 696, 697n
- U.S. aid to Lebanon, 170–173, 209–211
- U.S.–Lebanese relations, 174–176, 196–197, 204,
207–209,
220, 710–714
-
Malki, Col. Adnan, 523–525, 527, 538, 564, 630
-
Mallory, Lester D., 49–50, 55–56, 67n
, 83n
, 124
- Baghdad Pact, 1–2, 8–9
- Jordan:
- Arab States, relations with, 45–47
- Foreign aid to, 2–5, 11–12, 31, 42n
, 80–81, 127
- Iraq, relations with, 44, 90
- Political situation, 10, 12–17,
21–23, 32–34, 36,
41, 88–91, 100–102, 122–123, 156–158, 160
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 133n
, 699n
- United States, relations with, 6–7, 130n
, 131n
, 164–166
- U.S. economic aid to, 59, 61n
, 64–67,
72–73, 75n
, 78n
, 79n
, 85–86,
125
- U.S. military aid to, 59, 85, 112, 125, 132n
, 152, 155n
, 158, 165–166
- Soviet Union, 705n
- Syrian crisis, 636, 699n
- United Kingdom, 26–28, 61n
, 72
- Mannesman Company, 615
-
Mansfield, Mike, 688, 700
-
Markham, Comdr. Richard, 359
-
Martin, Maj. James, 359
-
Massoud, Muhammed, 352,
391n
, 399n
, 431, 449
-
Mead, Maj. Gen. Armistead D., 701
- Mediterranean Refining Company, 180
- Meir, Golda, 97n
, 115–116, 118n
, 119
-
Menderes, Adnan, 168
- Iraq, 258, 514, 670
- Syria, 591, 617, 638
- Syrian crisis, 642–644, 647,
654, 656–658, 670, 672–673, 684,
689, 691, 693n
,
706n
-
Merchant, Livington T., 20, 327, 329, 334, 510, 567, 730
- Metzger, Stanley D., 210n
- Middle East (see also individual
countries):
- Arab nationalism in, 197, 202–203, 206, 447,
666–667
- British military aid to, 195, 541
- British policy toward, 18–19, 29, 36, 49–50, 137, 207, 570,
631
- Chinese People’s Republic policy toward, 642
- Communist influence in, 14, 75, 201–203, 418,
420
- Egyptian role in, 111n
, 145, 202, 570
- European military aid to, 195
- French policy toward, 49, 207, 631
- Jordanian role in, 97, 108
- Lebanese role in, 214
- Neutralism in, 14, 268, 666
-
NATO role in, 692–693
- Oil industry, 403, 496–497, 504, 584,
590
- Regional defense (see also
Northern Tier defense organization), 170n
, 172, 174–175, 309,
688
- Saudi role in, 351, 405, 432,
445
- Soviet military aid to, 206, 687
- Soviet policy toward, 7, 60, 268, 278, 531,
561, 642, 655, 666–667, 732
- Syrian role in, 556, 712
- Turkish role in, 655
-
U.N. economic aid to, 631
- U.S.–British relations, 366–368, 659
- U.S. military and economic aid to (see also
Eisenhower Doctrine), 342–343, 541, 559,
624–625,
689n
- U.S. policy toward (see also
Eisenhower Doctrine), 49, 60, 204, 207, 213, 432,
556, 666–667, 704–705, 711–712
- Middle East Emergency Committee, 703–704, 707
- West, distrust of, 201–202
- Middle East Doctrine. See
Eisenhower
Doctrine.
- Middle East Emergency Committee, 403–404, 703–704, 707
- Miller, Elliot H., 249
-
Miner, Robert Graham, 653–658, 670–673, 696n
-
Mishaal, Prince, 267n
, 276n
, 287, 325–326, 357, 387
- Moline, Edwin G., 412
-
Mollet, Guy, 404, 445
-
Molloy, Col. Robert W., 537n
, 540n
, 546, 563n
, 565n
, 633, 660
-
Moose, James S., Jr.:
- Middle East, 568, 717n
- Syria, 537n
,
572, 587, 609–610, 622–623, 634,
640–641
- Iraq, relations with, 515,
529, 610–612
- Oil pipeline, 594–595, 599–600, 607n
, 608n
- Political situation, 515, 517n
, 519–520, 523n
, 525–528, 537–539, 553–557, 562–564, 613n
, 618
- Soviet Union, relations with, 546n
, 596–597
- United States, relations with, 523–524, 540–542, 558n
, 565n
, 620–623, 625–632, 635, 742
- U.S. military aid to, 547–548, 558n
, 559, 560n
, 566
-
Morgan, Thomas E., 635
- Morocco, 244, 381,
629, 656
- Morris, Willie, 8, 20, 92, 94,
327, 329, 510, 567, 689, 720, 730
-
Morton, Thruston B., 342
-
al–Mufti, Said, 9, 47, 57,
90, 100, 157
- Mumtaz, Ali, 671
-
Murphy, Robert D., 67n
, 134n
, 237n
, 238n
, 254n
, 268n
, 334, 342, 370, 375, 377n
, 379, 381–382, 387n
, 404, 472n
, 478n
, 480n
,
510, 661n
, 725
- Middle East, 707–709
- Muscat and Oman, 238–240, 241n
, 243–244
- Saudi Arabia, 251, 254n
, 278–279, 456–461, 469–470, 488n
, 489n
, 503–504
- Syria, 573–574, 586, 588n
, 597–598, 605–606, 614, 632n
, 635,
640, 730
- Turkey, 706–707, 730
- United Nations, 463, 704–705
- Yemen, 761
-
Musaad, 417, 431, 445, 481
- Muscat and Oman (see also
Buraimi dispute):
- Arab position, 238
- British position, 223–227, 234,
236–241,
244–247
- Egyptian role, 227, 232, 235
- Iraqi position, 244, 247
- Oil industry, 226n
, 227n
, 230–231, 236
- Press coverage, 226n
, 227n
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 223–225, 227,
229, 232–236, 244
- Soviet role in, 235, 247
- Syrian role in, 235
- United Kingdom, relations with, 314,
331, 487
-
U.N. role, 237–242, 244–248
- United States, relations with, 225–226
- U.S.–British cooperation, 222–223, 228–231, 236,
238–240,
243–246
- U.S. position, 231–232, 236
- Mutual Defense Act, 1949, 265n
- Mutual Security Act, 1954, 135–137, 139, 191n
,
199, 210n
-
al–Nabulsi, Sulayman, 57n
, 72–79, 84,
86, 88–89, 98, 100, 124, 617
- al–Namlah, Muhammad, 449
-
Nasser, Gamal Abd’al, 27n
, 49–50, 111n
, 125, 146, 444, 567, 570, 678, 763
- Arab heads of state meeting, 421n
, 447,
468, 612n
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 14–15
- Arab nationalism, 55, 84, 104, 145, 151,
202, 207, 273, 414
- Baghdad Pact, 5
- Czechoslovakia, 278
- Israel, 46n
- Jordan, 18, 28, 38, 41, 112–117, 120, 142, 157,
159, 162, 168
- Lebanon, 194
- Muscat and Oman, 227, 230, 236
- Saudi Arabia, 351–352, 377–378, 403,
409, 429, 572
- Soviet Union, 6, 427, 441, 545, 596,
713
- Suez oil pipeline, 504
- Syria, 445, 519, 578, 607n
, 608n
, 675–676, 744–745
- Syrian crisis, 639, 643, 656,
662, 671, 673
- United Kingdom, 2n
, 21
- U.S.–Egyptian relations, 65, 274, 298,
442, 714
- Yemen, 750
-
Nasser, Sheriff, 89, 160
- National City Bank, 572
- National Intelligence Advisory Committee, 189
- National Intelligence Estimates, NIE
30–57, 486–488
- National Security Council:
- Actions:
- Documents:
- Jordan, 19, 89, 98, 131, 145
- Lebanon, 212
- Meetings:
-
255th, 539–540
-
272d, 19
-
303d, 403–404
-
305th, 606–607
-
309th, 754–755
-
310th, 414
-
319th, 89, 212
-
320th, 98
-
323d, 131
-
326th, 145–146
-
329th, 762
-
336th, 701–704
- Middle East, 189
- Oil industry, 249n
, 403–404
- Saudi Arabia, 414
- Syria, 539–540, 606–607, 701–704
- Yemen, 754–755, 762
- Nègre, André, 516n
- Nehru, Jawaharlal, 225, 262
-
Nelson, Harold S., 84, 124
- Nemtchina, Sergi S., 611
-
Newsom, David D., 111n
, 128n
, 133n
, 222n
, 263n
, 265n
, 267n
, 271n
, 272n
, 278n
, 285n
, 291n
, 296n
, 301n
, 302n
, 305n
, 306n
, 309n
, 347n
, 349n
, 363n
, 364n
, 370n
, 378n
, 389n
, 395n
, 396n
, 410n
, 464n
, 478n
, 494n
, 511n
, 545n
, 588n
, 727n
, 751n
, 752n
, 764n
, 771n
- Buraimi dispute, 274, 338, 339n
- Saudi Arabia, 275–277, 321,
359, 361, 374, 379, 380n
, 382, 449, 468,
475
- Yemen, 770
- Nickerson, Albert, 264
-
al–Nimr, Abd al–Halim, 90
-
Nixon, Richard M., 413
-
Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 733–734
- North Africa, 46, 300, 655
- North Atlantic Council, 706, 707n
, 709n
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 7, 174, 161, 672–673
- Northern Tier defense organization, 7, 157, 516, 555, 561
- Norway, 739
-
Nowfel, Camille, 468,
481, 505
-
Nuwar, Maj. Gen. Ali Abu, 34n
, 47, 48n
, 59–61, 68, 617
- Jordanian foreign relations, 62n
, 64,
66–67,
78
- Jordanian political situation, 64, 90, 92, 94, 100–102, 124,
160–161
- Ohliger, Floyd, 406
- Oil industry:
- Aden Protectorates, 286
- And Arab nationalism, 14
- British interests, 226n
, 227n
, 230–231, 323,
487, 496–497
- Buraimi dispute, 286, 335
- Dhofar, 225–226
- Egyptian position, 309
- Farsi and Arabi Islands, 438
- Iran, 250–251
- Iraq, 128
- Iraq Petroleum Company, 133n
, 142
- Syrian pipeline, 548–549, 558–559, 570, 685
- Sabotage, 504, 543, 594–595, 599–600, 607–608, 610–612, 614, 652, 703, 707, 709
- U.S. aid to Iraq, 692,
695, 696n
- Israel, 264–267, 271–272
- Kuwait, 169, 487n
- Labor problems, 310
- Lebanon, 180, 709
- Muscat and Oman, 226, 227n
, 230–231, 236
- Persian Gulf sheikdoms, 310, 315, 323,
487
- Saudi Arabia, 258, 264–267, 323–324, 328–330, 348, 405,
432, 503–505
- Israel boycott demand, 264–265, 271n
, 272
- Labor problems, 310
- Onassis agreement, 249–252, 259
- Revenues from, 293, 319, 321, 332–334, 337, 347–348, 492, 549
- Syrian refinery construction, 588–589
- U.S. interests, 309, 320, 375–377
- Western boycott proposal, 403–404
- Western interests, 317n
, 375–377, 496–497, 584, 590
-
Socony Mobil, 250, 264–267, 271n
, 272
- Standard Oil Company, 271n
, 321, 331, 337,
571, 582–585, 769–770
- Suez Canal crisis, 403, 419, 607,
707
- Suez pipline, 504
- Syria (see also
Iraq Petroleum Company
above), 585
-
TAPLINE, 71, 180, 503n
, 504, 585,
599
- Western boycott proposal, 403–404
- Western interests, 317n
, 375–377, 496–497, 584,
590
- Yemen, 756
-
O’Keefe, Brig. Gen. Richard J.,
359
- Oman. See
Muscat and Oman.
- Omar, Caliph, 362
- Onassis agreement, 249–252, 259
- Onassis, Aristotle Socrates, 249n
, 250, 503
- Operations Coordinating Board, 213–215, 415, 530–537, 562, 703
- Oulashin, Eric E., 392n
, 396n
, 472n
-
Owen, Maj. Edwin B., 359,
449
- Page, Howard, 582, 583n
, 584
- Pahlavi, Shah Mohammed Riza, 270, 427
- Pakistan, 4, 153,
400, 440, 473
- Palestinian refugees, 14, 24, 45, 103
- And Arab–Israeli dispute, 157, 187, 623
- British position, 74, 151
- Economic aid for, 13, 38, 66, 77–78
- Jordanian economic situation, 153
- Jordanian political situation, 6, 13, 15n
, 20–22, 37–38, 95, 108, 151, 162,
711
- Lebanon, 187
-
U.N. aid for, 13, 38
- U.S. aid for, 13, 66, 77–78
- U.S. position, 45, 151
-
Parker, Richard B., 86–88, 117n
, 118, 148n
, 161n
-
Parkes, Roderick W., 332, 335, 363n
, 365, 393
-
Parsons, Marselis C., 412, 510, 730
-
Perkins, George W., 706n
, 707
- Persian Gulf, 438, 491
- Persian Gulf sheikhdoms:
- Arab nationalism in, 315
- Egypt, relations with, 753
- Oil industry, 310, 315, 323,
487
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 245,
309
- Soviet policy toward, 753
- United Kingdom, relations with, 29n
, 231–232, 236, 245,
292, 309–310, 314, 328–331, 355,
486–488
- U.S. policy toward, 226, 284, 309
- Petroleum Refinery Institute (Syria), 370–371, 583
-
Philby, St. John, 358
- Philippines, 247
-
Phillips, Horace, 287, 340, 341n
-
Phleger, Herman, 342, 404, 559
- Poland, 310–312,
353, 577
-
Prochnow, Herbert V., 334
- Procon Ltd., 588–590, 615–617
- Public Roads, U.S. Bureau of, 772
- Qatar, 280n
, 310, 331, 396, 487
-
Quarles, Donald, 290–291, 380, 382, 467, 651, 685
-
al–Quwatli, Shukri,
312, 406n
, 408n
, 579–580, 596, 612n
- Egypt, 145, 409, 662
- Saudi Arabia, 409, 580
- Soviet Union, 558, 578, 594,
596–597,
606
- Syrian political situation, 54n
, 553–554, 639, 662,
677
- U.S.–Syrian relations, 558n
, 566
-
Radford, Adm. Arthur W., 103, 191n
, 334, 379–380, 383–385, 597–598
-
Rafiq Arif, Maj. Gen. Amir Al–Liwa Muhammad, 658, 671, 673
- al–Rahim, Sgt. Younis Abd, 523
-
Ralph M. Parsons Company, 571, 583, 589–590
- Ras al–Khaima, 355
- al–Rawi, Abduljalil, 520n
, 523n
,
610
- Rawi, Najib, 387
-
Raymond, John M., 210n
-
Reams, Robert B., 632n
, 640
- Red Sea, 753,
770
-
Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 710
-
Richards, James P., 113, 117, 133, 622n
, 661, 755, 764
- Jordan, 83, 85, 88–91, 96, 100, 102, 105
- Lebanon, 115, 208, 210, 212, 215–216
- Saudi Arabia, 417, 431, 445,
468, 489–493
- Syria, 640, 646
-
Richards Mission, 87–88, 133n
, 439, 480, 622, 757–762, 764
-
Rifa’i, Abdul Monem, 16, 21–26, 30–31, 88–89
-
al–Rifai, Samir, 17, 26, 33, 47, 166
- Jordanian political situation, 18, 21–23, 25, 34–36, 122–124, 150,
160–161
- U.S.–Jordanian relations, 125, 130n
, 132n
, 140n
, 148–149, 152, 164,
166
- Rimawi, Ba Thi, 90, 91, 101, 120, 161
- Riyadh–Medina Railroad, 457, 460–461
-
Roberts, Randolph, 570
-
Robertson, Reuben B., 334, 379, 381, 404, 466–467
-
Rockwell, Stuart W., 49n
, 52n
, 61n
, 74n
, 83n
, 154n
, 158n
, 164n
, 193n
, 195n
, 198n
, 199n
, 219n
, 500n
, 607n
, 612n
, 614n
, 636n
, 637n
, 646n
, 663n
, 690n
, 691n
, 694n
, 696n
, 698n
, 706n
, 707n
, 723n
, 746n
- Roosevelt, Archibald, 640, 653n
- Roosevelt, Kermit, 761
-
Roper, John Charles Abercromby, 510, 730
- Rose, Michael, 9
-
Rountree, William M., 31n
, 34n
, 41n
, 43n
, 44n
, 48n
, 51n
, 52n
, 56n
, 57n
, 60n
, 61n
, 66n
, 74n
, 76n
, 83n
, 95n
, 117n
, 128n
, 129n
, 133n
, 148n
, 161n
, 167n
, 184n
, 191n
, 193n
, 301n
, 329, 349n
, 363n
, 453n
,
494n
, 511n
, 569n
, 579n
, 588n
, 591n
, 607n
, 612n
, 619n
, 636n
, 645n
, 647n
, 648n
, 650n
, 652n
, 661n
, 663n
, 670n
, 685n
, 690n
, 691n
, 694, 696n
, 698n
, 715n
,
725n
, 727n
, 746n
, 750n
, 766n
, 771n
- Israel, 118, 120–122, 499n
- Jordan, 30n
,
67n
, 98–99, 104–105, 118, 120,
134–139,
140n
, 143, 145n
, 146–147, 153
- Lebanon, 216–217, 220
- Middle East, 194–196, 659–660
- Saudi Arabia, 351, 370–371, 374–375, 404, 414–415, 417,
431, 445, 454n
,
468, 481, 499n
,
503n
, 505
- State Department communications systems, 651
- Syria, 567, 573–574, 588–591, 613n
, 614–617, 740–744
- Syrian crisis, 632–635, 637n
, 639–640, 659–660, 685, 688,
718, 720–722, 730–731, 735–737
- United Kingdom, 20, 80, 247, 315, 317,
319, 327, 329, 364, 366–368, 510–511, 689,
770
- Yemen, 473, 752, 761, 769–770
- Rowan, Thomas Leslie, 20, 327, 329, 334, 567
- Rumania, 578
-
Russell, Francis H., 273n
, 315
-
Ryan, Andrew, 280n
-
al–Sabah, Abdullah al–Salim, 169
-
Sabri, Capt., 449
-
al–Sabri, Ali, 746
- Sadat, Anwar, 176
- Al bu Said, Said ibn Taimur, Sultan, 274, 392:
- Muscat and Oman, 225–226, 231–232, 246n
, 252n
- Saudi Arabia, 235, 241, 244,
330–331,
339, 497, 511
- United Kingdom, 222–223, 230–232, 314,
330–331,
511
-
al–Said, Gen. Nuri Pasha, 35
- Baghdad Pact, 19, 258, 409
- Iraqi political situation, 62n
, 145–146, 671, 673,
683, 685, 711–713
- Jordan, 21, 42–45, 48–49, 63, 107, 110, 112–113, 117,
144
- Muscat and Oman, 244
- Saudi Arabia, 322, 349, 367
- Soviet Union, 552, 711–712
- Syria, 543–546, 548–549, 551n
, 552–553, 557, 569–570, 579,
588–589,
603–604,
606–607,
670
- United Kingdom, 82–83, 259
-
Salah, Walid, 1
-
Salim, Maj. Salaheddin Moustafa, 172, 518
-
Samuel, Ian, 20, 317, 321, 327, 329, 334, 567
- Sanafir Islands, 438, 444
-
Sandys, Duncan, 444–445
-
Sanger, Richard H., 160
-
Sarraj, Col. Abd al–Hamid, 523, 599n
, 602, 640, 676–677, 679
-
Satterthwaite, Livingstone, 530n
-
Saud, King ibn Abd al–Aziz, 43, 258, 262n
, 336, 675, 711
- Anticommunism, 206, 261–264, 273–274, 301n
, 418, 439,
688
- Arab heads of state meeting, 406n
, 421n
, 423,
447, 468, 612n
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 407–408, 420,
428–429,
438, 443–444, 474, 490–491, 499n
- Arab nationalism, 447, 688
- Baghdad Pact, 439–440
- Buraimi dispute, 286–288, 291–292, 294–295, 314,
321, 339n
, 363,
388, 392
- China, People’s Republic of, 261–262
- Dhahran Airfield, 296–297, 298–300, 306,
369, 372–373, 379–380, 382, 384–386, 395n
, 396n
, 397–398, 399–403, 419, 435
- Egypt, 351–352, 378n
, 429, 441–442, 486
-
Eisenhower Doctrine, 408n
, 422, 628
- France, 409
- Iran, 426–427, 437–438
- Iraq, 322, 349–350, 367, 671–673
- Jordan, 73, 84, 98, 112–117, 124, 131,
142, 163
- Saudi aid to, 79, 127, 129, 136
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 24, 36, 76–77,
93–94, 96, 112n
, 132n
, 133n
, 134n
, 158
- Middle East, 145, 508–509
- Muscat and Oman, 227–229, 232–233, 235,
241, 244, 497
- Oil industry, 264–265, 271–272, 504
- Saudi economic development, 311–312, 425–426, 435–436, 477–478, 485,
495
- Soviet Union, 267, 269–272, 427
- Syria, 429, 442–443, 578, 580,
636–637,
660
- Syrian political situation, 486, 500, 572,
592, 612–613, 638, 645,
654–656,
658, 718
- Syrian–Turkey relations, 724, 726n
, 727–728, 731, 735,
737
- Truman Doctrine, 408n
- United Kingdom:
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 230, 245, 323–324, 331, 333, 335–336, 338n
, 341n
, 355, 365, 409
- United States, relations with, 377–378
- U.S.–Israeli relations, 430
- U.S. military aid to Saudi Arabia, 211, 260, 266, 279, 343n
, 353, 356–360, 368n
, 370–371, 389–392, 409–411
- U.S.–Saudi relations, 325–326, 405,
417, 421, 431–432, 489, 492, 506–507
- Visit to the United States, 326, 368n
, 374–375, 404–406, 413–415, 445–449, 469–470, 481–484, 612
- Yemen, 750–751, 753–754, 761–763
- Saud ibn Jilewi, Amir, 283–284, 285n
- Saudi Arabia (see also
Arab States; Arabian–American
Oil Company; Buraimi dispute; Egyptian–Syrian–Saudi (ESS) Pact; and Saudi subheadings
under other subjects):
- Anti–Western orientation, 320–321, 326
- Aqaba, Gulf of, 116, 481n
, 498–499, 508–509
- Arab nationalism, 309, 317n
, 374
- Bedouins, 425
- British military and economic aid to, 66, 87, 424–425
- Chinese People’s Republic, relations with, 261–264
- Communist influence in, 177, 309, 317n
- Dammam Harbor, 460
- Dhahran Airfield, 255–256, 268, 271–272, 296,
300, 303n
, 306,
309, 374, 385–386, 387n
, 391, 397–399, 401, 416,
419, 469–470
- Air training program, 253,
255, 291, 299, 346, 360, 395, 398, 410–411, 479
- Airport terminal, 346, 369, 395, 398, 410, 455, 462, 479, 495–496
- Buraimi dispute, 282
- Cash payment, 346, 382, 387n
- Civilian airline proposal, 382
-
Dulles memorandum, 477–479
- Egyptian position, 390
- Exchange of notes, 488
- Joint communiqué, 483
- Saudi position, 251, 267n
, 270, 278n
, 279n
, 288, 298, 353–354, 373, 387n
, 389–390, 400, 403, 421, 435
- Soviet position, 390
- Strategic importance, 253,
260, 290–291, 344–347, 380–381, 383–385
- U.S.–Saudi talks, 415, 435, 450–453
- Valuation, 273, 275, 299, 307, 345, 359, 369, 380
- Disputed Territory, 355, 749
- Economic situation, 252, 258, 319,
425–426,
456, 458, 485, 491–492
- Egypt, relations with, 351–352, 386–387, 415,
572
- Aqaba, Gulf of, 231, 499
- British position, 328, 337, 365
- Buraimi dispute, 29, 285, 367
- Muscat and Oman, 231
- Yemeni–Saudi–Egyptian treaty, 363
- Farsi and Arabi Islands, 425, 427, 437–438, 444,
472–473
- France, relations with, 403, 408–409
- Hejaz Railway, 310–312, 349,
353, 369, 373, 577, 582
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 435–436, 446, 456–457, 461,
464, 480, 506
- Iran, relations with, 425, 427
- Iraq, relations with, 96, 145, 318–319, 322,
349, 350, 355, 365, 367
- Israel, relations with, 119, 269, 318,
333, 365, 424–425, 434
- Jordan, relations with, 2, 103–104, 133n
, 158
- British position, 20–21, 24,
99, 313, 333
- Partition of, possible, 25,
29, 38, 69
- Saudi intervention, possible, 93–95, 108, 123
- Syrian crisis, 638, 699n
- U.S. position, 69–70, 102n
, 164, 318–319
- Jordanian economic aid to, 76–77, 79
- Lebanon, relations with, 508
- Middle East regional defense, 309
- Muscat and Oman, relations with, 223–225, 227, 229,
232–236,
244
- Oil industry, 258, 264–267, 323–324, 328–330, 348, 405,
432, 503–505
- Israel boycott demand, 264–267, 271–272
- Labor problems, 310
- Onassis agreement, 249–252, 259
- Revenues from, 293, 319, 321, 332–334, 337, 347–348, 492, 549
- Syrian refinery construction, 588–589
- U.S. interests, 309, 320, 375–377
- Persian Gulf sheikdoms, relations with, 245, 309
- Political situation, 349, 332–333, 350n
, 378–379
- Riyadh–Medina railroad, 457, 460–461
-
Saud visit to the United States, 326, 374–375, 386,
405–408,
413–415
-
Dulles talks, 431–444
- Economic talks, 456–462
-
Eisenhower talks,
417–430, 445–449, 481–486
- General talks, 468–469, 472–477, 612
- Military aid talks, 433–435, 449–453, 462–466, 470–472
- Soviet bloc military aid to, 473
- Soviet military aid to, 267–270, 272–274, 282,
312, 353, 365, 424, 477n
, 750–751
- Soviet Union, relations with, 224,
262–264,
267, 269–270, 272, 304,
313–314,
427
- Syria, relations with, 21, 313, 349,
473, 500, 516n
,
517, 526–528, 530, 536,
549, 553, 555, 572, 580, 588–589, 592
- Tiran Straits shipping, 116, 119
- Turkey, relations with, 440
- United Kingdom, relations with, 20–21, 24, 41n
, 99, 313–314, 321–322, 321,
328, 333, 408–409
- Aden arms distribution, 363–364
- Anti–British activities, 363–364, 366
- Boundary disputes, 309, 329–330, 412, 487
- Locust Mission, 363–364
- Suez Canal crisis, 403, 475
- U.S. military aid to Saudi Arabia, 424–425
- U.S. position, 230–231, 245, 314–315, 317n
, 412–413, 474–475, 502
-
U.N. voting record, 578
- United States, relations with (see also
Arabian–American Oil Company), 39, 41n
- Aqaba, Gulf of, 490–492, 508–509
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 257,
300
- Baghdad Pact, 251, 253–254, 258–259, 303n
, 439–440
- Buraimi dispute, 252–253, 287–288, 295, 300, 303, 312n
, 325, 328, 351, 355–356, 436–437, 475
- Communism, 261–262, 489–490, 492–493, 507, 688
- Egyptian–Czech arms deal, 278
-
Eisenhower
Doctrine, 418–419, 422, 489–490
- Farsi and Arabi Islands, 472–473
- Hejaz Railway, 369, 373
- Iraq, U.S. military aid to, 253
- Israel boycott demand, 264–267, 271–272
- Jews, discrimination against, 361–362, 393–395, 474
- Joint communiqué, 481–486, 492–493
- Jordan, 71, 111–112, 163
- Oil industry, 432
- Press coverage, 262
- Saudi position, 269, 298, 353
- Suez canal, 403, 419–420
- Syrian crisis, 612–613, 645–646, 659–660, 727
- U.S. investments, 309
- U.S. personnel, 474
- U.S.–British relations, 293, 305, 348,
388–389,
444–445
- U.S. economic aid to (see also
Dhahran Airfield
above), 269–271, 273,
275–277,
425–426,
464
- Broadcasting stations, 460–461
- Dammam Port, 465, 469n
, 480, 488, 493–494, 495–496
-
Dulles memorandum, 480
- Exchange of notes, 488
- Export–Import loans, 255, 446, 457, 480
- Point IV, 258, 270, 276, 436
- Riyadh–Jidda Railroad, 254–255, 257, 300
-
Saud talks, 435–436
- Saudi economic situation, 252,
258, 270
- U.S.–Saudi talks, 456–461
- Weather service, 399n
- U.S.–Iraqi relations, 253
- U.S. military aid to, 265–266, 296,
300, 303n
, 365–366, 370–371, 374, 386,
387n
, 397–399, 402, 661,
714
- Amount of, 401, 415–416, 455, 467, 479
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 269,
356, 434, 462–463
- British position, 259–260
- Defense Department position, 415–416, 453–455, 466–467
- Deliveries, 501–502
-
Dulles memorandum, 477–479
- Exchange of notes, 488
- Five–year plan, 296–299, 301n
, 345, 356–358, 360–361, 371, 390–391
- Grant aid, 270–271, 273, 275–277, 297–298, 306, 373, 390, 400, 410, 454, 464–465, 467, 472
-
ICA funds, 416, 455
- Israeli position, 337, 649
- Joint Chiefs of Staff position, 344–347, 415
- Joint communiqué, 483
- Jordanian position, 165
- Lebanese position, 171
- Military Assistance Advisory Group, 265, 268, 299, 301n
, 325–326, 401, 411, 433
- Public relations, 341–343
- Reimbursable aid, 276, 297–299, 344–345, 395, 400–401, 450, 454, 478
- Saudi–British relations, 424–425
- Saudi economic situation, 270
- Saudi–Egyptian relations, 415
- Saudi position, 269, 279, 294n
, 353, 406n
, 407n
, 409, 433–435, 451, 465, 470–472
- And Soviet military aid, 267
- And Syrian crisis, 661, 664, 714
- Training programs, 254–255, 265–266, 346, 360, 410–411, 416, 450–455, 462, 466, 479, 488
- U.S. influence, 255
- U.S.–Israeli relations, 253,
360n
- U.S. military aid to Lebanon, 194, 199
- U.S. position, 277, 279–280, 326–327, 372, 453–455, 464–467, 471
- U.S. public opinion, 185n
, 186n
- U.S.–Saudi talks, 450–453, 462–463
- Yemen, relations with, 363
- Saudi Arabian Airlines, 751
-
Schlatter, Brig. Gen. George F., 267n
, 287–288, 300
-
Schow, Maj. Gen. Robert A., 102
-
Schwinn, Walter K., 226, 727
-
Seager, Cedric, 140–143, 449, 456
- Selo, Fawzi, 579
- al–Shabandar, Moussa, 520, 521n
, 613n
- Shakhbut ibn Sultan, Shaikh, 252n
, 274, 392–393
- al–Shami, Sayyid, 773n
- Sharabi, Hisham, 538
-
Shaw, John F., 143n
, 154n
, 456, 570–571, 583n
, 589n
, 614n
- Shell Company, 571
- Shepilov, Dimitri T., 574, 578
-
Shepley, Col. Phillip, 359, 661n
-
Sherwood, Robert K., 449, 503
- Shiloah, Reuven, 104–105, 119–122, 662–663
-
al–Shishakli, Adib, 514, 527, 531, 534, 536–564, 579–581, 604, 611
-
Shuckburgh, Charles Arthur Evelyn,
5, 20–22, 26, 301n
, 327, 331, 567
- Saudi Arabia, 305, 308, 314–319, 322,
326, 329, 332, 340–341, 364, 366–368
- U.S.–British talks, 182, 303, 304n
, 366–368
-
Shuqayr, Gen. Shawkat, 91, 523n
, 525, 535–536, 540–541, 546n
, 547, 554, 558, 563, 566
-
Simonson, Joseph, 755–761
- Sinai, 166, 403,
614
- Sixth Fleet deployment:
- Jordan, 108, 112, 114, 117, 122
- Syrian crisis, 649, 657, 665,
693, 695, 697, 699, 707, 733–734
-
Smith, Gerard C., 510, 659, 730
-
Socony Mobil (see
also
Arabian–American Oil Comapny), 250, 264–267, 271n
, 272
-
Solh, Sami, 178, 192, 194, 196, 198n
, 210–211, 662n
, 711
- Somaliland, 753
- Soviet Union (see also Soviet Union and
Soviet, Communism, and Communist subheadings under other subjects):
- And Arab nationalism, 487
- British policy toward, 224
-
ESS Pact, 41, 313
- Foreign policy, 686–687, 706–708
- Hungary, 60
- Military expenditures, 471
- Pakistan, relations with, 440
- Saudi position, 500
- Turkey, relations with, 700, 706, 708,
711
- United States, relations with:
- U.S. policy toward, 224
- Soysal, Ismail, 517n
-
Spaak, Paul–Henri, 706
- Spain, 381, 400
- Special National Intelligence Estimates:
-
Staats, Elmer B., 530n
- Standard Oil Company, 271n
, 321, 331, 337, 571, 582–585, 769–770
-
Stassen, Harold E., 334
-
Stevens, Eli, 294–295, 449
-
Stevenson, Col. Hugh, 537n
-
Stoltzfus, William A., Jr., 431, 445n
, 449, 463n
, 468, 481
- Stone, Howard E., 633
- Straits of Tiran. See
Tiran Straits.
-
Strong, Robert C., 626n
, 633n
, 639, 718–719, 735, 746n
-
Sturgill, Robert G., 472n
- Sudan, 669
- Suedi, Tewfik, 671, 673
- Suez Canal:
- Suez Canal crisis, 68, 108, 120, 420
- Arab nationalism, 84, 487
- British–Jordanian relations, 6, 68
- British–Saudi relations, 403, 475
- Egyptian position, 401, 668
- French–Saudi relations, 475
- Aqaba, Gulf of, 498
- Jordanian reactions to, 84
- Lebanese position, 193, 197
- Oil industry, 403, 419, 607,
707
- Syrian reactions to, 593–594, 601
-
U.N. role, 62, 78, 121, 204–205, 405n
, 420,
441, 593–594
- U.S. position, 49–50, 75, 167, 204, 419–420, 441
- U.S. role, 146, 401, 408, 668
- U.S.–Saudi relations, 403
- Suhrawardy, Hussain, 152–154
-
Sukarno, Ahmad, 261–262
-
Sullivan, Charles A., 359
- Sultan, Prince, 491, 494
-
Surur, Muhammed Shaikh, 387, 417, 431, 436, 456–461, 468–470, 477, 481, 491, 494
- Sweden, 174, 247
-
Sweeney, Lt. Col. James L., 27
- Switzerland, 174
-
Symmes, Harrison M., 487n
- Syria (see also
Arab States; Egyptian–Syrian–Saudi (ESS) Pact;
Syrian crisis; Syria and
Syrian subheadings under other subjects):
- Alexandretta, 528
- Anti–Western orientation, 513, 526, 553,
555, 563, 576
- Aqaba, Gulf of, 624
- Arab nationalism in, 442, 525, 592,
622–623,
628–630
- Arab Socialist Resurrection Party, 516n
, 519, 525–526, 530–534, 535,
554, 576, 581, 592, 602, 676–677, 679, 745
- Baghdad Pact, 5, 514–518, 528–529, 536, 568,
620, 630, 679, 734
- Bulgaria, relations with, 577
- Chinese People’s Republic economic aid to, 577
- Communist influence in, 442, 500, 513,
525–526,
536, 538–539, 545
- Egyptian position, 744–746
- Iraqi position, 543–544
- Jordanian position, 123
- Lebanese position, 203, 206, 525
- Saudi position, 261n
, 442–443
- Syrian position, 553, 555, 609
- Czech military and economic aid to, 541, 558, 566, 576–577, 614–617
- Economic self–sufficiency, 513, 535
- Egypt, relations with, 145, 508, 525,
566, 577, 580, 593–595
-
ESS Pact, 520n
, 523n
, 527, 566
- France, relations with, 541, 593, 604–605
- Hejaz Railway, 310n
, 577
-
IBRD loans, 571–572, 665
-
IPC pipeline, 548–549, 558–559, 570, 685
- Sabotage, 504, 543, 594–595, 599–600, 607–608, 610–612, 614, 652, 703, 707, 709
- U.S. aid to Iraq, 692, 695, 696n
- Iraq, relations with, 21, 349, 516,
519, 521, 525, 528–529, 536, 548,
575, 588–589, 592, 611–612, 656,
671–673
- Iraqi intervention, possible, 520–522, 523n
, 528,
544–545,
548–549,
556, 568, 604–607, 610–613
- Israel, relations with, 525, 536
- Israeli attack on, Dec. 1955, 560, 569
- Israeli intervention, possible, 604–607
- Jordan, relations with, 11, 25, 68–69, 78–79, 89, 146
- Defense pact, 59, 593–594
- Jordanian partition, possible, 610
- Syrian intervention, possible, 91, 93, 95, 105, 107, 110, 115–116, 594, 617, 631
- Syrian political intrigue, 100–101, 104, 108, 111, 113, 122–123, 156, 158–162, 617, 631, 742
- Lebanon, relations with, 177n
, 178,
183, 186, 210–211, 709
- Middle East regional defense, 309
- Military capabilities, 433–434, 532–533
- Neutralism, 177n
, 513, 515, 519,
535, 561, 568, 575, 578, 630, 678,
719, 736
- Oil industry (see also
IPC
pipeline
above), 349, 611–612
- Operations Coordinating Board analysis, 530–537
- Political situation (see also
Syrian crisis
and
Arab Socialist Resurrectionist Party
and
Communist influence
above):
- Army role, 522, 523n
, 525, 531, 533, 563, 575–576, 581, 602, 735
- Baghdad Pact, 515, 524, 536
- British position, 521n
, 544n
, 601–602
- CFI, 526
- Communist Party, 513, 525–526, 530–534, 554, 575, 592, 602, 676
- Egyptian intrigue, 516n
, 517, 526–528, 530, 536, 553, 555, 563, 572, 592, 634
-
ESS Pact, 520n
, 523n
, 527
- French position, 516n
, 517, 526–528, 530, 536, 553, 555, 601–602, 605
- Iraqi position, 527, 530, 549, 552, 555, 569–570, 601–602
- Israeli position, 601–602
- “Little RCC,” 576, 602, 676–677, 679
- Malki assassination, 523–525, 527, 537–538, 630
- Minorities, 535
- Nationalist Party, 514, 528, 554, 602, 677
- Partisans of Peace, 532
- Populist Party, 514, 528, 554, 602, 677
- Quwatli government, 541, 553–554
- Revolutionary Command Council, 576
-
Shishakli, role of,
579–581
- Soviet intrigue, 516n
, 530
- Soviet–Turkish relations, 706,
708
- Special National Intelligence
- Estimate, 675–680
- Syrian position, 742
- Syrian Social National Party, 523–524, 527, 531, 537–538, 563–565, 581, 677
- Turkish position, 591, 593n
, 601–602, 606
- U.S. position, 519–520, 522
- U.S. role. See
U.S. plot accusations
and
U.S. propaganda
under
United States, relations with
below.
- U.S.–Saudi discussions, 612–613
- Riyadh–Medina Railraod, 460
- Rumania, relations with, 578
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 21, 313, 349,
473, 500, 516n
,
517, 526–528, 530, 536,
549, 553, 555, 572, 580, 588–589, 592
- Soviet bloc military and economic aid to, 124, 546–547, 582–585, 588–589, 593,
604, 677–678
- Soviet economic aid to, 577, 679, 709
- Soviet influence in (see also
Syrian crisis), 516–, 530, 535, 540,
561, 602, 605, 618–619
- Soviet military aid to, 420, 541, 546,
552, 557–558, 576–577, 598, 606,
660, 733
- Egyptian position, 665
- Israeli position, 649
- Publicity, 736
- Saudi position, 442
- Soviet military aid to Yemen, 766–767
- Turkish position, 638
- U.S. position, 596–597, 631, 708
- Soviet Union, relations with, 157,
160, 243, 536, 555, 567, 601–604, 660, 713
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 677
- Exchange of persons, 577–578
- Oil supplying, 599–600
- Public opinion, 576
- Saudi position, 427, 505–506
- Shepilov visit, 574n
, 578
- Soviet policy in the United Nations, 514
- U.S. position, 505, 675, 677–680, 707–709, 735–736
- Taurus Railway, 528
- Turkey, relations with, 21, 517n
, 604–607
- United Kingdom, relations with:
-
U.N. voting record, 575, 578
- United States, relations with, 441, 529n
, 545, 596, 632–633
- Algeria, 624–625
- Aqaba, Gulf of, 624
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 535,
538, 568, 620, 623
- Arab nationalism, 622–623, 628–630
- Baghdad Pact, 516–518, 528–529, 536, 568, 630
- Cultural exchanges, 634, 737
- Diplomatic relations, 743–744
-
ESS Pact, 526
-
Eisenhower
Doctrine, 620–622, 624, 627–628, 631, 646, 650–651, 692–693, 695, 697–699, 713, 741–744
- Exchange program, 535
-
IPC pipeline sabotage,
594–595, 599–600, 607–608
- Israel, 527–528, 536, 555–557, 568
- Richards Mission, 622
- State visit proposal, 429
- Suez Canal crisis, 594
- Syrian memorandum, 626–632
- U.S. plot accusations, 523–524, 527, 537–538, 564, 581, 633–634, 636–637, 642, 675
- U.S. propaganda, 528, 535, 660, 709, 715–717
- U.S.–Syrian discussions, 614–625
- Zionism, 586–588
- U.S. banks in, 572
- U.S.–British discussions, 567
- U.S. economic aid to, 527, 534–535, 619, 624
- U.S. military aid to, 516, 527, 540–543, 546–547, 550–551, 556,
559–560,
566, 660–661
- U.S. policy toward, 243, 556–558, 562, 598,
618
- U.S.–Turkish relations, 591–593
- Yemen, relations with, 763
- Syrian Airways, 573
- Syrian crisis:
- Arab States position, 646, 652, 654,
656–657,
669, 690, 706, 708, 715–716
- Arab States response, 656, 678–679, 686
- Bizri takeover, 639–640, 676
- British response, 688
- Egyptian position, 662, 664–666
- Egyptian response, 744–747
- Egyptian role in, 713
- Iraqi–Jordanian relations, 672–673, 683,
685–686,
696n
- Iraqi position, 643, 650, 669
- Iraqi response, 638, 658, 664,
669–672,
685, 710
- Lebanese position, 712
- Turkish position, 658, 673
- Iraqi–Saudi relations, 656, 658, 671–673
- Israeli response, 644n
, 648, 662–663, 669, 710,
737
- Jordanian position, 655
- Turkish position, 657
- U.S. position, 641, 649, 655, 686, 690, 692, 695, 697, 699, 710, 716, 718, 737
- Jordanian response, 638, 654, 669,
699n
, 710
- Lebanese response, 243, 638, 710–713
- Lebanon, effects on, 685, 692, 708,
713
- Oil industry, effects on, 666, 679, 685,
692, 695, 696n
,
703, 707, 709
- Saudi–Jordanian relations, 638, 699n
- Saudi response, 638–639, 655,
659–660
- Soviet response, 700, 702, 704–708, 711,
713, 720, 732
- State Department communications
- systems, 651
- Turkish–Iraqi discussions, 638, 642–644
- Turkish military maneuvers, 733–734
- Arab States position, 731
- Egyptian position, 728–729, 738–739
- Saudi mediation offer, 724–728, 730–731
- Soviet position, 706–708, 711
- Syrian U.N. complaint, 720–725, 738–740
- U.S. position, 733–734, 736
- Turkish response, 650, 657, 669,
706, 708, 710
- And U.N. Charter, 692, 694–695, 698
-
U.N. role, 643, 657, 704–705, 711
- U.S.–British cooperation, 243–244, 648,
670n
, 681–682, 684, 686,
693, 695, 697, 717n
- U.S. Embassy harassment, 633–634, 741
- U.S.–Iraqi relations, 647, 658, 683,
694–696,
700–701
- U.S.–Israeli relations, 646–650, 662–663, 690–691
- U.S.–Jordanian relations, 654–656, 698–699
- U.S.–Lebanese relations, 696–697, 710–714
- U.S. military and economic aid to the Arab States:
- Iran, 715
- Iraq, 661, 664, 694–695, 700–701, 714, 733
- Jordan, 654, 661, 664, 714, 733–734
- Lebanon, 638, 697, 733
- Saudi Arabia, 661, 664, 714
- Turkey, 650–651, 692, 700–701, 707, 715
- U.S. responses, 633–637, 640–642, 646,
652–653,
657–658,
674–681,
687–689,
707–709,
718–719,
735–737
- Economic aid to Iraq, 692,
695, 696n
- Egyptian position, 665–666
-
Eisenhower
Doctrine, 650–651, 689n
, 692–693, 695, 698–699, 713, 716–717
- Iraqi position, 672
- Israeli position, 648–649, 662
- Lebanese position, 712
- Propaganda, 660, 709, 715–717, 719
- Sixth Fleet deployment, 649,
657, 665, 693, 695, 697, 699, 707, 733–734
- Turkish position, 643–644, 672
- U.S.–Saudi relations, 612–613, 645–646, 659–660
- U.S.–Syrian relations, 740–744
- U.S.–Turkish relations, 647, 650, 658,
684, 691–693, 700–701, 723–724
- Western response to, 708–709
- Syrian–Egyptian–Jordanian Defense Pact, 593
- Syrian Oil Refining and Distribution Company, 571
- Taiwan, 244, 598
- Taiwan Resolution, 245
-
Talbott, Harold E., 259, 260n
- Talhouni, Raisdiwan, 26
- Talib ibn Ali, 229, 234–235, 449
-
TAPLINE. See
Trans–Arabian Pipeline.
-
Tarazi, Salah al–Din, 633n
- al–Tariqi, Abdallah, 503–504
-
Tassan, Maj. Gen. Ibrahim, 449
-
Templer, Gerald, 7–9, 20, 57, 105
-
Templer Mission, 7–8, 20, 105
- Theotokis, Spiros, 366
- Timmons, Benson E.L., 334, 734
- Tiran and Sanafir Islands, 438, 444
- Tiran Straits, 26, 116, 119–121, 499n
-
Tomeh, George, 740
- Trans–Arabian Pipeline (TAPLINE), 71, 180, 503n
,
504, 585, 599
- Transworld Airlines (TWA), 382
- Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between the United Kingdom, India,
and Yemen, 1934, 766
- Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between the United States and Yemen, 1946, 768
-
Trevelyan, Humphrey, 18
- Trucial State, 280, 304, 487
- Truman, Harry S., 270, 305–307, 333
- Tunisia, 629, 656
-
Tunner, Gen. William H., 352, 406n
- Turkey, 157, 440,
603
- Iraq, relations with, 21, 549, 638,
642–644
- Israel, relations with, 440
- Jordan, 89, 117
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 440
- Soviet Union, relations with, 700,
706, 708, 711
- Syria, relations with (see also
Syrian crisis), 21, 517n
, 604–607
- United States, relations with, 117,
707
- U.S. forces in, 108
- U.S. military aid to, 356, 434, 650–651, 692,
700–701,
707, 715
- Turko–Iraqi Pact. See
Baghdad Pact.
-
Twining, Gen. Nathan F., 680, 685–686, 688, 734n
-
Tyler, William R., 605, 740n
- Ujeimy, Adil, 539n
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See
Soviet Union.
- United Kingdom (see also
Arab Legion; Buraimi
dispute; United Kingdom and British subheadings
under other subjects):
-
Aramco, relations with, 284, 749
- Disputed Territory, 749
- Kuwait, relations with, 169, 487
- Oil industry, 323, 328, 496–497
- Pakistan, military aid to, 4
- United States, relations with, 139,
149, 182n
, 207,
366–368,
496–497,
659, 770
- Arabian Peninsula, 510–512
- China, People’s Republic of, 329
- Egypt, 567
- Jordan, 80, 86–88,
93–94, 139, 149–152, 154–155
- Muscat and Oman, 222–223, 228–231, 236, 238–240, 243–246
- Oil industry, 226n
, 227n
, 230–231
- Saudi Arabia, 293, 305, 348, 388–389, 444–445
- Syria, 648, 681–682, 684, 686, 720–722, 730–733
- Yemen, relations with, 309, 770
- United Nations:
- Aqaba, Gulf of, 624
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 14n
, 40, 46, 204–205, 270n
, 560,
578n
, 623
- Buraimi dispute, 286–287, 292,
294–295,
302, 304
- British position, 308, 323, 336
- Saudi position, 222, 305, 364
- U.S. position, 282, 307–308, 315–316, 319–320, 324, 339–340
- Egypt, 60–61, 75, 578
- Hungary, 687
- Iraq, 578
- Jordan, 38, 60–61, 72, 93, 105, 113, 167
- Lebanon, 193, 578
- Middle East, 60–61, 221, 631
- Middle East emergency force, 200–201
- Military aid resolution, 462–463
- Muscat and Oman, 237–242, 244–248
- Saudi Arabia, 29, 366
- Soviet vetoes in, 526
- Suez Canal crisis, 62, 78, 121, 204–205, 405n
, 420, 441,
593–594
- Syria, 548, 575, 578, 711, 720–725, 738–740
- Syrian crisis, 643, 657, 692,
694–695,
698, 704–705, 711
- U.S. role in, 204
-
U.N. Charter, 40, 105, 521,
630–631, 692, 694–695, 698
- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine and the Near East
(UNRWA), 7,
13, 37–39, 66, 80, 171n
- U.S. Geological Survey, 771
- U.S. Information Agency, 38–39, 535, 537n
, 715
- Universal Oil Products, 583
-
Van Dusen, William, 503
- Vatican, 713
- Vietnam, 485
-
Villard, Henry S., 530n
- Voice of America, 528n
-
Wadsworth, George E., 278n
, 417, 431, 445, 456, 468, 481
- Aqaba, Gulf of, 489–491
- Buraimi dispute, 286–288, 294–295, 302–303, 305,
307n
, 321n
, 354–356
- Dhahran Airfield, 260n
, 306n
, 368–369, 373–374, 379,
380n
, 382, 385–387, 389,
391n
, 392n
, 395–396
- Jordan, 79, 112n
- Palestine, 407
- Saudi Arabia, 252–253, 255n
, 261–263, 325–327, 351–354, 372, 474,
500
- Iran, relations with, 437
- Iraq, relations with, 322,
350n
- Oil industry, 266n
- Richards Mission, 494
-
Saud visit to the United States, 374–375, 405, 413
- Soviet Union, relations with, 269–271
- United Kingdom, relations with, 335, 338n
, 340, 341n
, 355
- U.S. economic aid to, 310–312, 458–461, 494n
, 496n
- U.S. military aid to, 259n
, 267n
, 276n
, 297–301, 343n
, 356–358, 359–361, 370–371, 408–410, 433, 450, 452–453, 462, 470
- Syria, 638–639
- U.S.–Egyptian relations, 378n
- U.S.–Turkish relations, 722
- Yemen, 748–751, 753, 758–759, 762–764, 766n
, 767n
, 769, 771,
773n
-
Waggoner, Edward L., 192n
, 195n
, 199n
, 217n
, 220n
, 568n
, 619n
, 632n
, 637n
, 735n
-
Wagner, Robert, 413–414
-
Walid, Khalid Bey, 282–283, 373, 431
-
Walmesley, Walter N., 723n
, 725–726, 738
-
Warren, Fletcher, 117, 591, 593n
, 617, 704–705, 723n
, 724n
- Syrian crisis, 636, 642–644, 647, 653,
656–658,
670, 673, 684, 694, 696n
-
Welk, William, 456, 570–572
- West Bank, 9–10, 15n
, 25, 38, 74,
91, 102, 105–106, 120
- Western Europe, 309, 405
- Western Protectorate, 487
- Wheelus Field Agreement, 307, 346
-
Whisenand, Brig. Gen. James, 685
-
Whitney, John Hay, 159,
228–230, 232–233, 510, 721n
, 730
-
Wiens, Henry W., 765n
, 771n
-
Wilcox, Francis O., 334, 727n
- Wiley, Alexander, 635
-
Wilkins, Fraser, 37n
, 44n
, 57,
76n
, 106n
, 147n
, 184n
, 199n
, 200, 204n
, 222n
, 267n
,
271n
, 272n
, 285n
, 290, 291n
, 305n
, 317, 340, 378n
,
389n
, 454n
, 468, 472n
, 542n
, 545n
,
546n
, 551n
, 557n
, 565n
, 569n
, 579n
, 588n
, 591n
, 607n
, 612n
, 752n
- Buraimi dispute, 289n
- Jordan, 8–9,
34–35,
80–81
- Saudi Arabia, 289n
, 301n
, 354n
- Syria, 563n
,
573n
- Yemen, 751n
,
752–754
-
Williams, Murat W., 591n
-
Wilson, Charles E., 383, 416
-
Wilson, Evan M., 449
-
Wilson, James M., 359,
381n
, 411n
-
Wisner, Frank G., 640,
685
-
Withers, Charles D., 154n
- World Bank. See
International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development.
- World Economic Council, 446
-
Wright, Michael Robert, 520n
- Yacoub, Adil, 539
-
Yasin, Yusuf Shaikh, 255, 274–275, 311, 352, 417, 431,