Index

• Abd al–Hadi, Awni, 54, 157, 705n
• Abdullah, King, 68, 686
• Abramov, Aleksandr N., 648
• Abu al–Huda, Tawfiq, 1, 3n , 4–5, 17, 22
• Abu Dhabi (see also Buraimi dispute), 252n , 497
• Abu Taleb, Abd al–Rahwan, 751, 752n
• Acheson, Dean, 622
• Adams, Sherman, 285n , 404
• Aden Protectorates, 286, 309, 363–364, 367, 487, 752, 754–755
• Adenauer, Konrad, 122
• Adib, Mamdouh, 449, 468, 481
• Aero Services, 771
• Afghanistan, 578
• Aflaq, Michel, 676
• Air Force, U.S. Department of the:
  • Dhahran Airfield, 255–256, 260, 268n , 273, 290, 344–347, 380, 382, 386
  • Libya, U.S. military aid to, 307
  • Saudi Arabia, U.S. military aid to, 411, 454
• Aldrich, Winthrop W., 6, 20, 28–29, 32n , 280–281, 291n , 293, 301–302, 324, 327, 329, 334, 337, 388n , 567
• Alexandretta, 528
• Algeria, 46, 624–625
• Allen, Francis O., 170, 173n , 174n , 516n , 517n , 522n , 526n , 529n , 538n
• Allen, George E., 751n
• Allen, George V., 12n , 20, 40n , 173n , 177n , 185n , 249, 266n , 272n , 278n , 291n , 296n , 306n , 327, 395n , 396n , 520n , 522n , 542n , 551n , 557n , 565n , 579n , 751n
  • Arab–Israeli dispute, 170n
  • Baghdad Pact, 5, 8
  • Egypt, 543n , 545
  • Jordan, 15–16, 23–26, 34
  • Lebanon, 171–176, 181–182, 184–185
  • Middle East, 309–310
  • Saudi Arabia, 251–254, 257–259, 289n , 301n , 303, 325, 336, 354n , 361–362, 393–394
    • Aramco, 250n , 264–265, 289n
    • United Kingdom, relations with, 314–317, 319, 322n , 338–340, 355, 362
    • U.S. military aid to, 290–291, 306n , 341–342, 360n , 368, 379–382, 387n , 389n
  • Syria, 513n , 529, 539n , 543, 567, 574–583, 586–588
    • U.S. aid to, 550–551, 558–560, 573, 574n
  • United Kingdom, 304, 305n , 313n , 329, 334, 377n
• Alphand, Hervé, 605–606
• Amer, Gen. Abdel Hakim, 593–594, 745
• American Doctrine. See Eisenhower Doctrine.
• al–Amri, Ibn Abdullah Mohamed, 752n , 760
• al–Amri, Qadi, 757–759
• Anab, Brig. Radi, 27
• Anderson, Robert B., 341–342, 403–404
• Aqaba, Gulf of, 25–26, 43, 66, 87, 231, 245, 428, 481n , 498, 508–509, 624
  • Israeli use of, 116, 120–121, 428, 481n , 490–491, 499, 508–509, 624
• Arab Collective Security Pact, 515
• Arab Labor Confederation, 595n
• Arab League, 1, 172, 253n , 287
• Arab League Collective Security Pact, 1
• Arab League Committee, 25
• Arab Legion, 15–18, 42–43, 47 [Page 776]
  • British economic aid for, 2–3, 8, 50, 67–68
  • Dismissal of British officers, 26–35, 37–38, 68
• Arab nationalism, 447, 667
  • Arabian Peninsula, 487
  • Arab–Israeli dispute, 36
  • British foreign policy, 315
  • Egypt, 6, 202–203, 442, 487, 746n
  • Jordan, 6, 84
  • Lebanon, 202–203
  • Oil industry, 14
  • Persian Gulf sheikhdoms, 315
  • Saudi Arabia, 309, 317n , 374, 447, 508
  • Soviet position, 487
  • Suez Canal crisis, 84, 487
  • Syria, 442, 525, 592, 622–623, 628–630
  • U.S. position, 83, 624–625, 715–716
• Arab States (see also Arab–Israeli dispute; Arab League; Arab Legion; Arab nationalism; and individual countries):
  • Beirut meeting, 406
  • Cairo meeting, 84, 421, 423, 427–430, 443, 515, 597, 759
  • Four–power memorandum, 468–469
  • Neutralism in, 513
  • Regional defense, 172
  • Syrian crisis, 656–657, 731
  • United States, relations with, 171–172, 175, 201–202, 476–477, 715, 743–744
  • U.S. military and economic aid to, 64–65, 77n , 132, 137, 170n , 171, 176, 185–186, 190–191
• Arabian–American Oil Company (Aramco) (see also TAPLINE ):
  • Aden Protectorates, 286
  • Buraimi dispute, 282, 284, 287n , 294, 437
  • Dammam Harbor, 460
  • Riyadh–Medina railroad, 457
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 250, 253, 254n , 271, 299, 315, 403, 503–505, 748
    • Israeli boycott demand, 264–267, 271–272
    • Onassis agreement, 249–252, 259
  • Saudi revenues, 293, 319, 321, 332–334, 337, 347–348, 492, 549
  • Syria, 585, 600, 652
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 284, 749
• Arab–Israeli dispute (see also Israel; Palestinian refugees):
  • Arab nationalism, 36
  • Arms race, 356
  • Border fighting, 428, 441–442
  • British role, 36
  • Egyptian position, 14–15, 41, 176, 190
  • ESS Pact, 41, 190
  • Fedayeen activity, 70, 120, 428–429
  • Gaza strip, 13, 443
  • Israeli attack on Gaza, Feb. 1955, 13
  • Israeli attack on Syria, Dec. 1955, 560, 569
  • Jordan, 6–7, 13, 22–23, 33, 69, 166, 655
  • Jordan Valley plan, 15
  • Lebanon, 179–180, 183, 187, 201–202
  • Palestine government proposals, 14, 157
  • Palestinian refugees, 157, 187, 623
  • Partition plans, 14–15
  • Saudi position, 21, 41, 190, 257, 269, 270n , 279n , 408, 443, 507
  • Soviet position, 316, 603, 715–716
  • Syrian position, 41, 190, 526, 535, 538, 578n , 596, 609, 620, 623, 627, 677, 743–744
  • U.N. role, 14, 62, 257, 270n , 623, 627
  • U.S. military aid to Arab States, 64–65, 77n , 132, 137, 170n , 171, 176, 185–186, 190–191
  • U.S. military aid to Saudi Arabia, 269, 356, 434, 462–463
  • U.S. position, 14–15, 175, 197, 257, 300, 506, 535, 538, 557, 655, 715–716
  • U.S.–Saudi relations, 257, 300
  • U.S.–Syrian relations, 535, 538, 568, 620, 623
• Arabian Peninsula (see also Abu Dhabi; Kuwait; Muscat and Oman; Persian Gulf Sheikhdoms; Saudi Arabia; Yemen):
  • Arab nationalism in, 487
  • British role in, 486–488
  • Disputed Territory, 355, 749
  • Soviet influence in, 224
  • U.S. policy toward, 309–310, 348
• Aramco. See Arabian–American Oil Company.
• Armstrong, William P., 72n , 102–103, 375–377, 561, 601n
• Army, U.S. Department of the, 149, 345–346
• Arneson, R. Gordon, 498–499, 651
• Asad, Shaikh, 357
• al–Asali, Sabri, 427, 516n , 519n , 523–525, 535–536, 610–611, 612n , 636–637
  • Arab heads of state meeting, 421n , 447, 468
  • IPC pipeline, 594–595, 607, 614
  • Syrian political situation, 520n , 522–523, 526, 538, 638, 677, 746n
• Asbjornson, Mildred, 15n , 680n
• Aswan Dam, 74, 668
• al–Atasi, Fayid, 515, 538–539
• al–Atasi, Hashim, 515, 517, 520, 521–523, 526, 579
• Atomic energy, 419
• Australia, 247
• al–Ayoubi, Ali Jawdat, 571
• Azkoul, 200
• al–Azm, Khalid Pasha, 525, 529, 535–536, 580, 611, 630, 675, 676, 679
  • Syrian political situation, 520n , 522–523, 526, 532, 538, 539n , 541n , 658, 675, 745–747
• Azores, 381
• Azzam Pasha, Abdel Rahman, 296, 303, 305, 387, 499n
  • United Kingdom, 287–288, 314n , 332, 335–336, 363, 365, 392, 396, 511
• Badawi, Capt. Faisal, 449, 511n
• al–Badr ben Ahmad, Crown Prince Muhammed, 511–512, 748–749, 751, 755–757, 760, 770, 773n
• Baghdad Pact:
  • Economic committee, 44
  • ESS opposition to, 41, 224, 518
  • Formation of, 515
  • Iranian participation, 515
  • Iraqi participation, 19, 36, 349, 440, 521
  • Israeli position, 7
  • Jordanian participation, 1, 4, 11, 22, 44, 71, 125, 528, 536, 556
    • British position, 5, 8–9, 13, 15, 20, 24, 69
    • Public opinion, 37, 68, 91
  • Lebanese participation, 1, 5, 171, 528, 536, 556
  • Pakistani participation, 515
  • Saudi Arabia, 224, 251, 253–254, 258–259, 303n , 347, 349, 409, 412, 414, 439–440
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 157
  • Syria, 5, 514–518, 528–529, 536, 568, 620, 630, 679, 734
  • Turkish participation, 440
  • United Kingdom, 4–5, 29, 409, 412, 515
  • U.S. military aid to, 4–5
  • U.S. position, 29, 516–518, 529, 556, 568
  • U.S.–Saudi relations, 251, 253–254, 258–259, 303n , 439–440
• Bahrain, 284–285, 310, 384, 403–404, 460, 487
• Bahri, Yunis, 25
• Bailey, Ronald W., 34, 86–88, 351, 388n
• Bakdash, Khalid, 58, 526, 566, 575, 577, 676, 678, 745–747
• Balfour Declaration, 393
• Balmer, Maj. Gen. J.D., 530n
• Bandung Conference, 262, 523n
• Bank of America, 572
• Bapco, 284–285
• Barbour, Walworth, 5, 10n , 17–18, 223–225, 301n , 304–305, 307–308
• Barnes, Robert G., 313n , 324, 389n , 456, 464n , 558n
• Barnes, Maj. Gen. Verdi B., 701
• Barrow, John R., 620n , 626n
• Bashayan, Burhan al–Din, 96, 127
• Baxter, William O., 644n , 648–650, 662–663
• Bayar, Celal, 658, 684
• Becker, Loftus E., 498n , 725n
• Beckner, Earl R., 503, 583n
• Beeley, Harold, 229, 232n , 247, 659
• Belyayev, Vasiliy A., 546
• Ben Gurion, David, 14, 26, 55n , 97, 104, 297n , 394, 614
  • United States, 115n , 118n , 646–650, 689–690
• Bennett, William T., 379, 478n , 480n
• Bennsky, George M., 503
• Berding, Andrew H., 510, 730
• Bergin, Rear Adm. Charles K., 449, 451–452
• Bergus, Donald C., 8n , 12n , 23n , 31n , 37n , 40n , 41n , 43n , 44n , 48n , 51n , 60n , 66n , 67n , 7n , 76n , 80n , 83n , 95n , 112n , 126n , 129n , 132n , 134n , 140n , 146n , 148n , 154n , 164n , 167n
  • Jordan, 57–58, 98–99, 104
  • Saudi Arabia, 338
• Bernau, Phyllis D., 98, 109, 207n , 574n , 700n , 734n
• Berry, James Lampton, 57n , 86–88, 126n , 132n , 154n , 164n , 652n , 707n
• Bevans, Charles I., 521n , 768n
• Bevin, Ernest, 153
• Bey, Khalid, 287–288, 481
• Bey, Sabri, 610
• Birgi, Nuri, 593n
• Bishop, Frederick A., 670, 682, 689
• Bitar, Salah al–Din, 611, 620–628, 676, 763
• al–Bizri, Gen. Afif, 639, 676, 677–678, 708, 745–747
• Black, Eugene R., 457, 459, 506
• Blackiston, Slator C., Jr., 37n , 57n
• Boardman, Francis, 181, 184n , 185n , 191n , 542n , 546n , 558n , 563n , 574n , 579n , 583n , 586n , 587n
• Bowie, Robert R., 20, 327, 329, 334, 567
• Boyle, Charles A., 587
• Brand, Vance, 456
• Brentano, Heinrich von, 122
• Brewer, William D., 767n
• Brewster, Herbert D., 723n
• British Development Board, 39
• Brook, Norman, 510, 730
• Brown, Elizabeth Ann, 725n
• Bulganin, Nikolai A., 268, 297n , 351, 700n
• Bulgaria, 577, 721–724, 731
• Bullard, Reader, 274, 281
• Buraimi dispute:
  • Aramco, 282, 284, 287n , 294, 437
  • Arbitration Tribunal, establishment of, 274–275
  • British occupation, 280–288, 331, 339
  • British position, 29, 223n , 289, 291n , 308, 322–324, 328, 330–333, 377, 497, 511
  • British–Saudi direct talks, 315, 321, 323–324, 331–332, 335–336
    • British position, 363, 364–365, 392–393
    • Saudi position, 354–355, 475–476
    • U.S. position, 340–341
  • And Muscat and Oman dispute, 222, 232, 234, 244–245
  • Neutral zone, 336–337, 339, 355
  • Oil industry, 286, 335
  • Public opinion, 330
  • Refugees, 355
  • Riyadh line, 280, 328, 330–331
  • Saudi–Egyptian relations, 29, 285, 367
  • Saudi position, 244–245, 282–284, 286–288, 291, 294–295, 330, 333
  • Saudi troop movements, 363
  • Soviet military aid to Saudi Arabia, 282
  • Truman declaration, 306–307, 333
  • U.N. role, 286–287, 292, 294–295, 302, 304
    • British position, 308, 323, 336
    • Saudi position, 222, 305, 364
    • U.S. position, 282, 307–308, 315–316, 319–320, 324, 339–340
  • U.S.–British relations, 223–225, 230, 282–284, 293, 303–308, 314n , 318, 320–321, 324, 377–378
    • Eden talks, 328–337, 338–339
  • U.S. position, 289, 295–296, 362, 396–397, 405, 749
  • U.S.–Saudi relations, 252–253, 287–288, 295, 300, 303, 312n , 325, 328, 351, 355–356, 436–437, 475
• Burdett, William C., 30n , 177n , 185n , 231n , 273n , 347n , 388n , 582n , 586n , 632n , 661n , 691n , 694n , 696n , 698n , 766n
  • Jordan, 139n , 143–145
  • Saudi Arabia, 379n
  • Syria, 524n
  • United Kingdom, 366
• Burgess, W. Randolph, 734
• Burma, 78, 578
• Burrows, Bernard, 244
• Butler, Col. Edward G., 291
• Byroade, Henry A., 378n
• Cabell, Lt. Gen. C.P., 640, 653n , 674n , 685
• Caccia, Harold, 20, 79n , 106–107, 247, 327, 510, 720
  • Jordan, 92–94
  • Muscat and Oman, 226, 238–247
  • Saudi Arabia, 307–308, 329, 334, 412–413
  • Syria, 243, 567, 670, 681–682, 689–690, 730
• Cain, Leighton, 359
• Caltex, 599
• Canal Convention of 1888, 419, 429
• Cargo, William I., 237n
• Carrigan, John W., 225, 283–285, 287, 399–402, 405–406, 408–409
• Case, John E., 249–250, 264, 271
• Cassilly, Thomas A., 769–770
• Central Intelligence Agency, 310
• Ceylon, 78
• Chamoun, Camille, 46, 103, 180, 192–194, 201n , 219, 406n , 508–509, 610
  • Jordan, 112–115, 117
  • Syria, 183, 636–638, 662n , 689, 693n , 696, 697n , 711
  • U.S. economic aid to Lebanon, 170–174, 178n , 183–184, 186n , 187, 198, 208–211
  • U.S.–Lebanese relations, 196, 204n , 207n
  • U.S. military aid to Lebanon, 176, 186–187, 198, 199n , 210–211, 217n , 218
• Chapin, Selden, 270n
• Chase Manhattan Bank, 572
• Chehab, Fuad, 191n , 192, 210–211
• China, People’s Republic of, 64, 66–70, 261–264, 577, 642
• Chiperfield, Robert B., 635
• Churchill, Winston Spenser, 330
• Coghill, Patrick, 26
• Collins, Brig. Gen. Richard, 94–95
• Colombia, 247
• Comay, Michael S., 662
• Compton, Arthur A., 161n
• Congress, U.S.:
  • Jordan, 168
  • Middle East, 343
  • Middle East Emergency Committee, 703
  • Mutual Security Act, 1954, 217, 540n
  • Saudi Arabia, 286n , 298n , 307, 456, 467, 484
  • Syria, 688, 713
• Convention of Constantinople of 1888, 498
• Cooper, John S., 311
• Corbett, Jack C., 456
• Cottman, James S., Jr., 20, 327, 329, 334, 567
• Coulson, John Eltringham, 8, 106, 340
• Craig, H.S., 530n
• Crawford, 760, 766
• Crossman, Richard, 14
• Crosthwaite, Ponsby Moore, 237n , 238n , 241
• Cuba, 247
• Cumming, Hugh S. Jr., 234–235, 640, 674n
• Cutler, Robert, 685, 701, 703
• Cyprus, 18–19, 35, 233, 366
• Czechoslovakia, 93, 185, 206, 713, 732
  • Egyptian arms deal, 13, 177n , 187, 278, 577, 662
  • Saudi Arabia, economic aid to, 541, 558, 566, 577, 580, 593–594
  • Syrian oil refinery, 583–584, 588–590
• Dale, William N., 510, 730
• Davies, Fred, 294, 333, 406, 503–505
• Dawalibi, Maruf, 579
• De Palma, Samuel, 237n
• De Visscher, Charles, 274, 281–282
• Dean, Patrick Henry, 510, 730
• Defense, U.S. Department of:
  • Jordan, military aid to, 135
  • Lebanon, 188, 195
  • Saudi Arabia, 253, 259–260, 268n , 301n , 307, 346, 353, 379–382, 387n , 415, 466–467
  • Syria, 551
  • Yemen, 770
• Dhahran Airfield. See under Saudi Arabia.
• Dhahran–Riyadh Railroad, 348
• Dhofar, 225–226
• Dihigo, Ernesto, 274
• Dillon, C. Douglas, 510, 730
• al–Din, Abd al–Baqi Nizam, 675–676
• Dixon, Pierson, 246n
• Dodds–Parker, Arthur D., 365, 393
• Dorman, John, 163n , 509n , 510, 707n , 720, 721n , 730
• Dorsey, Stephen P., 249, 250n , 529n
• Douglas, James H., 290
• Dubai, 355
• Duce, Terry, 281–282, 355, 503–505, 749
• Duke, Charles Beresford, 4–5, 12n , 22, 26–28, 59
• Dulles, Allen, 212, 236, 281–282, 447, 481n , 486n , 651, 702, 761–762
  • Jordan, 19, 89, 98, 102n , 131
  • Middle East, 145, 498n
  • Syria, 540, 606–607
• Dulles, John Foster, 34n , 230n , 231n , 481n , 706n
  • Arab–Israeli dispute, 21, 179–180, 443–444, 542n
  • Arab nationalism, 202–203, 447
  • Arab States, 447, 468, 476–477
  • Baghdad Pact, 5, 517–518
  • Bandung Conference, 526n
  • Buraimi dispute, 281, 289n , 291–293, 301–302, 327–328, 351–352, 363, 388–389, 392–393
  • Egypt, 146, 378–379, 441–442
  • Eisenhower Doctrine, 103, 105–106, 108–109, 743
  • Germany, Federal Republic of, 122
  • Iraq, 43–45, 52–53, 56, 520–521, 529, 544n , 663–664, 683, 694–696
  • Israel, 104, 118n , 122, 337, 646–650, 662n , 690–691
  • Jordan, 43–45, 52–53, 56, 73–74, 76–77, 104, 152–154, 163
    • Baghdad Pact, 5, 517–518
    • Eisenhower Doctrine, 103, 105–106, 108–109
    • Political situation, 19–20, 26n , 41–42, 98, 104, 109, 161–164
    • United States, relations with, 6–7, 15–16, 40–41, 83, 698–699
    • U.S. military and economic aid to, 67n , 72–79, 128, 132–134, 139n , 144, 146, 147n , 148–149, 155–156, 158–159, 636
    • U.S. policy toward, 12, 102–103, 105–106, 108–115, 117, 167–168
  • Kuwait, 487n , 488n
  • Lebanon, 172–173, 207n , 220, 659, 696–697, 710–714
    • U.S. military and economic aid to, 178, 182, 185–186, 191–192, 198–200, 216–218
  • Middle East, 29–30, 49–50, 221, 309, 404, 470–471, 622n , 685–688, 689n , 733–734
    • Communist influence in, 438–439
    • U.S. military aid to, 194–196, 201–202, 342n , 661
  • Muscat and Oman, 225–226, 227n , 229, 236, 240–242, 247–248
  • Overseas bases, 381–382
  • Pakistan, 152–154
  • Saudi Arabia:
    • Anticommunism, 263–264, 273–274, 418, 500–501
    • Dhahran Airfield, 296–297, 306–307, 395–399, 415–416, 419, 435
    • France, relations with, 474–475
    • Israel, relations with, 501
    • Jordan, relations with, 76–77, 163
    • Syrian political situation, 645, 660
    • United States, relations with, 322, 333, 351, 417, 420–421, 423, 431–432, 437–440, 473–474, 482, 645
      • Buraimi dispute, 295–296, 302–303, 307, 436–437
      • Oil industry, 271–272, 432
      • State visit, 374, 413–415, 430n , 445–449, 469–470, 477–478, 481n , 505, 612
    • U.S. economic aid to, 435–436, 446, 494–496
    • U.S. military aid to, 272–273, 275–277, 279–280, 370–371, 389–392, 410–411, 433–435, 446, 464, 467, 470–472, 494–496, 501–502
  • Soviet Union, 219n , 642, 687, 702, 704–705
  • State Department communication systems, 638n , 651
  • Syria, 517–518, 541, 645–651, 653n , 663–664, 683, 690–691, 694–699
    • Iraq, relations with, 520–521, 529, 544n
    • Political situation, 524–525, 545–546, 579, 591–593, 612–613, 619, 746–747
      • U.N. role, 703–705, 720–722, 730–731
      • U.S. position, 522–523, 565, 640–642, 645, 652–653, 715–717
    • Soviet Union, relations with, 551–552, 561, 566n , 567, 574, 641–642, 687–688
    • Turkey, relations with, 725, 726n , 727
    • United States, relations with, 442–443, 639, 744
    • U.S. military and economic aid to, 516–517, 542n , 546–547, 551–552, 569, 573
  • Turkey:
    • United States, relations with, 647, 650–651, 653n , 684, 691–693, 700, 723–724
  • United Kingdom:
    • Buraimi dispute, 222–223, 301–302, 388–389, 392–393
    • Muscat and Oman, 231–233, 239, 243–247
    • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 281, 327–328, 332, 338, 362–364, 396–397, 474–475, 502, 510n , 511n
    • Syrian political situation, 647–648, 680–682, 689–690, 732–733
    • United States, relations with, 29–30, 304n , 313n , 329, 334, 365–366, 377, 404, 510–512, 647–648, 680–682, 689–690, 732–733
  • Yemen, 750–752, 754–755, 761, 766–767, 770–773
• Dunn, William C., 583n
• Eagleton, William L., 198n
• Eban, Abba, 118n , 121–122, 648–649, 691
  • Jordan, 98–99, 104–105, 107, 115, 118–120
• Ed–Din, Niyam, 101
• Eden, Anthony, 2n , 6, 15n , 21
  • Jordan, 14, 15n , 25–28, 32n
  • Saudi Arabia, 280, 284, 319, 322n , 327–328, 334–340
  • Visit to United States, 19–20, 314n , 317, 321, 404, 567
  • United States, 303, 304n , 308, 313–314, 324, 329–333, 336, 437
• Effendi, Muhammed, 325–326, 358, 385–387
• Egypt (see also Egyptian–Syrian–Saudi (ESS) Pact; Gaza Strip; Suez Canal crisis):
  • Aqaba, Gulf of, 498–499
  • Arab League Collective Security Pact participation, 1
  • Arab nationalism, 6, 202–203, 442, 487, 746n
  • Aswan Dam, 74, 668
  • Communist influence in, 176–177, 203, 206, 209
  • Czech military aid to (see also Soviet bloc military aid to below), 13, 177n , 187, 278, 577, 662
  • Gaza Strip, 428–429
  • Iraq, relations with, 525
  • Israel, relations with, 5, 441–442
  • Jordan, relations with, 2, 55, 59, 68, 70, 84, 89
    • Baghdad Pact, 9
    • Israeli position, 120
    • Political intrigue:
      • British position, 18, 20, 29n , 159–161
      • Israeli position, 120
      • Jordanian position, 24, 122–123
      • Turkish position, 168
      • U.S. position, 23, 33, 36, 100–101, 104, 108, 111, 113, 131, 156, 158, 161–162
    • Possible partition, 29
    • Turkish position, 168
  • Lebanon, relations with, 177, 178, 183n
  • Middle East, role in, 145
    • British position, 570
    • Iraqi position, 111n
    • Lebanese position, 202
  • Persian Gulf sheikhdoms, relations with, 753
  • Saudi Arabiagh, relations with, 29, 231, 337, 351–352, 365, 367, 386–387, 415, 572
    • Aqaba, Gulf of, 231, 499
    • British position, 328, 365
    • Buraimi dispute, 29, 285, 367
    • Yemeni–Saudi–Egyptian treaty, 363
  • Soviet bloc military aid to (see also Czech military aid to above), 6, 124, 177, 187, 206, 278
    • Israeli position, 662
    • Lebanese position, 177
  • Soviet military aid to, 6, 201, 273, 420, 435, 545, 596–597, 668
    • Iraqi position, 543
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 168, 441, 545
    • Saudi position, 427
  • Syria, relations with, 145, 508, 525, 566, 577, 580, 593–595
    • Egyptian political intrigue, 516n , 517, 526–528, 530, 536, 553, 555, 563, 572, 592, 634
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 21, 377
  • U.N. voting record, 578
  • United States, relations with, 18, 50, 65, 146, 162, 429–430, 441–442, 667–669
  • 1953 assurances, 713–714
  • U.S.–British discussions, 567
  • U.S. military and economic aid to, 171, 195, 476–477, 668
  • Yemen, relations with, 363, 378, 753, 763
• Egyptian–Syrian–Saudi (ESS) Pact (see also Egypt; Saudi Arabia; Syria):
  • Arab–Israeli dispute, 41, 190
  • Baghdad Pact, opposition to, 41, 224, 518
  • British position, 313
  • Formation of, 518
  • Iraq, 44n , 52, 519n
  • Jordan, military and economic aid to, 11–12, 30, 31, 37–38, 40, 58, 78–80, 85, 87, 313
  • Jordan, relations with, 2, 4, 25, 36, 38, 41, 43, 46n
  • Lebanese participation, 189–190, 191n
  • Saudi participation, 224
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 41, 313
  • Syria, 520n , 523n , 527, 566
  • U.S. position, 43, 520–522
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 19, 456, 596, 648n , 651
  • Arab heads of state meeting, 423, 468n
  • Arab oil boycott proposal, 403–404
  • Egypt, 168, 429, 486
  • Eisenhower Doctrine (see also separate entry), 108–109, 195n , 196, 205, 422, 609–610
  • Iraq, 686
  • Israel, 211, 430, 662n
  • Joint Congressional Resolution, Jan. 1955, 598n
  • Jordan, 6–7, 59, 87n , 103, 108–109, 113–115, 130–131, 212, 686, 699n
    • Political situation, 26, 89, 98, 131–132
    • U.S. military aid to, 137–139, 148, 155–156, 636
  • Lebanon, 176, 179–180, 204, 206–209, 212, 217, 659
  • Middle East, 49, 119, 145, 204–205, 215, 221, 342–343, 470–471
    • U.S. policy toward, 175, 213, 687–689
  • Muscat and Oman, 226–227, 230–231, 236, 238n , 239n , 240–242, 244, 246
  • Mutual Security Act, 199n
  • Saudi Arabia, 336, 354n , 368n , 405, 417–418, 421, 423–430, 439, 506–507
    • Arab–Israeli dispute, 407, 428–429, 499n
    • Dhahran Airfield, 299–300, 369, 373, 380, 382, 389, 415, 419
    • Economic development, 425–426
    • Iran, relations with, 426–427
    • Saud visit, 374–375, 405–406, 413, 445–449, 478n , 481–485, 505, 612
    • Soviet Union, relations with, 427
    • Syria, relations with, 500
    • United Kingdom, relations with, 319, 334–338, 340, 396, 510n , 511n
    • U.S. military aid to, 370, 408n , 424–425, 466–467
  • Syria, 429, 486, 594, 632n , 744
  • Syrian crisis, 635, 640, 645, 653n , 659–660, 670n , 680–681, 715n , 732–733
  • Turkey, 693n
  • United Kingdom, 304, 308, 313–314, 329–333, 336, 444–445, 670n , 680–681, 682n , 732–733
    • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 319, 334–338, 340, 396, 510n , 511n
  • Yemen, 754–755, 762
• Eisenhower, Maj. John S. D., 645
• Eisenhower Doctrine (see also Middle East: U.S. military and economic aid to), 195n
• Egyptian position, 197, 668
• Iraqi position, 643
• Jordanian position, 84, 91, 123
• Lebanese position, 196–197, 202, 205, 209
• And neutralism, 220
• Propaganda, 716–717
• Saudi position, 422, 489–490
• Syrian position, 197, 609–610, 620, 624, 627–628, 631, 742, 744
• Turkish position, 643
• U.S. policy toward Jordan, 85, 93, 103, 105–106, 108–109, 115–116, 119, 122, 168
• U.S. policy toward Lebanon, 198, 208, 215, 219–221
• U.S. policy toward Saudi Arabia, 418–419, 422, 489–490
• U.S. policy toward Syria, 620–622, 624, 627–628, 631, 646, 650–651, 692–693, 695, 697–699, 713, 741–744
• U.S. policy toward Turkey, 700
• Elbrick, C. Burke, 81n , 304, 397n , 706n , 725n
• Emmerson, John K., 177n , 178n , 179–180, 183–184, 186n
• Engen, Hans, 739
• Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI), 586
• Eritrea, 753
• Erskine, 94–95
• Esenbel, Melih, 644, 653, 656, 723n , 724n
• Eshkol, Levi, 631
• ESS Pact. See Egyptian–Syrian–Saudi (ESS) Pact.
• Ethiopia, 753
• Evans, Allan, 449
• Evans, Delaven, 359
• Export–Import Bank, 255, 446, 457, 480, 570–572, 753
• Fahd ibn Saud, Prince, 96, 417, 431, 445, 481
  • U.S. military aid to Saudi Arabia, 391n , 402, 433, 435, 449–451, 462, 477
• Faisal II, King, 43, 367, 373, 406n , 656–658, 671–673, 683
• Faisal ibn al–Aziz ibn Abd al–Rahman al–Faisal al Saud, 261–263, 311
  • China, People’s Republic of, 261–262
  • Iraq, 349–350
  • Israel, 507
  • Jordan, 111–112, 131, 132n , 134, 153
  • United Kingdom, 282, 294–295, 307n , 335–336, 365, 393, 396
  • U.S. military aid to Saudi Arabia, 260, 267n , 296–297, 298n , 373–374, 389, 402
  • U.S.–Saudi relations, 253, 255n , 256–257, 270–271, 287–288, 302n , 303n , 387, 505–507
• al–Fansa, Nazir, 540, 558, 560n
• al–Faqih, Sheik Asad, 257–259, 296, 299n , 300n , 413, 488n , 489n , 727
• Farhan, Hamad, 157
• Farouk, King, 27n , 576n
• Farsi and Arabi Islands, 425, 427, 437–438, 444, 472–473
• Fawzi, Mahmoud, 420n , 529n , 728–729, 738–739, 745
• Field, Col. Fred, 359
• Finn, Richard B., 192n
• Follis, Ralph Gwin, 331, 337
• Food and Agricultural Organization, 366
• Foster, Austin T., 264n , 271, 368n
• Foster Wheeler Company, 571, 586
• Fox, Lt. Gen. Alonzo P., 359
• France (see also Suez Canal crisis), 46, 182, 207, 247, 624
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 403, 408–409
  • Syria, relations with, 516n , 517, 526–528, 530, 536, 541, 553, 555, 593, 604–605
• Frank, Isaiah, 510, 730
• Frechtling, Louis E., 542n , 546n , 558n
• Fritzlan, A. David, 56n , 249, 254n , 257n , 259n , 393, 395n
• Fulbright, James W., 668, 743
• Funkhouser, Richard, 719
• Furnas, Howard E., 487n
• Gabier, Walter S., 748–749, 751, 756
• Gallman, Waldemar J., 49n , 96n
  • Iraq, 63, 322, 349, 664, 671, 683, 694n
  • Iraqi–Jordanian relations, 43, 44n , 45n , 53–54, 56n , 63, 141–143
  • Jordan, 51n , 52n , 111n , 127, 128n
  • Saudi Arabia, 291, 322, 349
  • Syria, 520n , 521, 543–544, 548–549, 552–553, 589n
  • Syrian crisis, 636, 664, 671, 683, 694n
  • Turkey, 673
• Gamon, David L., 237n
• Gargoni, Khalid, 269–271, 273, 278
• Garran, Isham Peter, 689
• Gay, Merrill C., 249, 264n , 456
• Gaza Strip, 176, 428–429, 443, 448–449, 521
  • Israeli occupation, 13, 64, 166, 428, 508, 614
• Geneva Conference, 268
• George, Walter F., 343
• Geren, Paul F., 317n , 378n
• Germany, Federal Republic of, 122
• el–Ghazzi, Said, 11, 183, 541n , 546n , 554, 560n , 566, 570
• Gleason, S. Everett, 606–607, 701–704
• Glubb, Lt. Gen. John Bagot, 10, 19, 22, 47
  • Dismissal, 26–28, 30–34, 37, 41, 57, 65, 68, 84
• Goodkind, Louis W., 334
• Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J., 130n , 285n , 404, 406n , 414–415, 645, 662n , 670n , 685–689
• Gordon, Thomas S., 635
• Graves, Hubert Ashton, 334
• Gray, Gordon, 268n , 334n , 341–342, 369n , 379, 389n , 415, 467, 542n
  • Saudi Arabia, 344–347, 453–455
  • Syria, 597, 703
• Greece, 109, 356, 434
• Green, Theodore F., 635
• Greene, Joseph N., Jr., 67n , 247, 661n
• Gromyko, Andrei A., 700, 702, 706, 713, 720, 738n
• Grover, Brig. Gen. Orrin L., 255
• Hagerty, James C., 103, 108–109, 327, 329, 334, 341–342, 567, 659, 680, 699n
• Haikal, Mohamed, 664n , 666
• Hamid Ad–Jin, Ahmad bir Yahya Muhammed, 500, 511, 748–749, 751, 757–769, 773n
• Hamilton, Charles W., 728
• Hammarskjold, Dag, 15, 167, 420, 728, 731, 738–739
• Hamui, Mamun, 633, 637n
• Hananiya, Anastas, 130n
• Hancock, William, 359, 386, 395n , 396, 449
• Hare, Raymond A., 260, 270, 356, 545n , 612, 613n , 664–669, 744–746, 747n
• Harkavy, Yehoshafat, 644n
• Hart, Parker T., 170, 173, 174n , 249, 250, 251n , 520n , 524n
• Hasan, Ibrahim, 748–749, 751
• Hasan, Mahmud, 274
• Hashim Bey, Ibrahim, 10n , 17n , 109, 150
• Hawrani, Akram, 525–526, 676
• Hayter, William Goodenough, 159, 510, 730
• Heath, Donald B., 46n , 194
  • Lebanon, 114, 176, 184–185, 191n , 193n , 196–197, 199n , 208–211, 219n , 711n
    • U.S. military and economic aid to, 185–188, 208–209
  • Saudi Arabia, 508–509, 711n
  • Syria, 243, 697n , 712, 724
• Hedding, Adm. Truman, 379–381
• Hejaz Railway, 310–312, 349, 353, 369, 373, 577, 582
• Henderson, Loy W., 67n , 159, 232, 342, 496n , 632n , 767n
  • Iraq, 685–686
  • Israel, 662
  • Lebanon, 697n , 710–711
  • Middle East, 661, 680
  • Syrian crisis, 635, 640, 650, 652–653, 656, 658–659, 663–664, 666, 669–670, 680–682, 744
  • Turkey, 684
  • Yemen, 761
• Herter, Christian A., 122, 134n , 147n , 445, 481n , 510
  • Israel, 118–119, 121–122
  • Jordan, 92–97, 118–119, 126, 140–141, 154–155
  • Muscat and Oman, 234–238, 239n , 241–242
  • Syria, 632, 635–637, 639–640, 648, 730
  • Turkey, 730
  • Yemen, 761, 764, 765n , 767–768, 770
• Herzog, Chaim, 662
• Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 509
• Hill, Robert C., 342
• bin Himyar, Suleiman, 229
• Hiyari, Ali, 34, 94, 100–101, 157
• Hogaboom, Maj. Gen. Robert E., 530n
• Hollister, John B., 147, 411n , 764–765
• Holman, Eugene, 321
• Hood, Samuel, 510, 720, 722, 730
• Hooper, Robin William, 543–545, 548–549
• Hoover, Herbert, Jr., 20, 34n , 67n , 222n , 287, 309n , 327, 389n , 392n , 417, 431, 445, 597n
  • Egypt, 567
  • Iraq, 48–49, 349–350
  • Jordan, 30–32, 48–49, 51, 66–67, 74–75, 79n
  • Kuwait, 169
  • Lebanon, 177–178, 193
  • Middle East, 60–62, 343, 404
  • Saudi Arabia, 254–256, 285–286, 322, 326, 333–334, 336, 347–349, 351, 353, 404
    • Iraq, relations with, 349–350
    • Israel boycott demand, 264–267, 271n , 272n
    • Soviet Union, relations with, 267–268
    • United Kingdom, relations with, 289, 296, 302, 314–319, 332, 334–338, 364–365
    • U.S. military aid to, 259–261, 265–266, 344, 360n , 369n , 370, 414–415
  • Syria, 542–543, 550–551, 557–561, 567, 573, 582, 583n , 588–589, 590n , 591n , 607–608
  • United Kingdom, 193, 283, 303–304, 305n , 324, 329, 377n , 412–413 [Page 785]
    • Saudia Arabia, relations with, 289, 296, 302, 314–319, 332, 334–338, 364–365
• Hovell, Lt. Col., Bergen B., 530n
• Howe, Fisher, 130n , 481n , 579n , 639n , 652n , 653n , 662n , 670n , 674n , 727n
  • State Department communications systems, 651
  • Syrian crisis, 640, 738
  • U.S.–British relations, 377n
• Howison, John M., 154n
• Humphrey, George M., 341, 404
• Hungary, 60, 438, 596, 687
• al–Husayni, Jamal, 417, 423n , 431, 445, 481, 508–509, 724
  • Dhahran Airfield, 389, 391, 399
  • Yemen, 500, 758–759, 766
• Hussein, Ahmad, 378n , 745
• Hussein, King, 10, 12n , 83–84, 135, 165
  • Arab heads of state meeting, 406n , 421n , 447, 468, 612n
  • Baghdad Pact, 2
  • Egypt, 379
  • Iraq, 17–18, 350, 672
  • Jordanian foreign relations, 64, 66–70, 80–81, 111, 112n , 133, 158
  • Jordanian political situation, 14, 20–22, 34–38, 41–42, 45–47, 57–58, 60, 64, 89, 123, 124, 156–157, 159–162, 617, 675
    • U.S.–Israeli discussions, 115–116, 119–120
  • Military and economic aid for Jordan, 3–5, 8–9, 11, 72–79, 86, 127, 129n , 148–149, 155, 158–159
  • Middle East, 145
  • Saudi Arabia, 133n , 163, 379
  • Soviet Union, 718
  • Syrian crisis, 636–638, 644, 653–657, 689, 693n , 698, 699n
  • Turkey, 673
  • United Kingdom, 26–28, 29n , 30–33, 37, 62n , 64
  • U.S.–Jordanian relations, 40–41, 110, 112–114, 125, 130–131, 132n , 144n , 164–168, 734
• Hussein, Maj. Amin, 156
• Ibn Saud, King Abdul Aziz, 270n , 305, 307, 333, 384, 475, 711
• Ibrahim, Muhammad, 101
• Iceland, 381
• Ilah, Abdul (Abul Ilah ibn Ali ibn Husain al–Hashimi), 610, 685, 711
  • Jordan, 672, 686
  • Saudi Arabia, 671–673
  • Syrian crisis, 658, 671–673, 683, 689, 693n , 694, 696n
  • Turkey, 642n , 663–664, 670, 673
• Ilah, Amir Abdul, 35, 143, 466, 549, 556
• India, 78, 225, 262, 440, 578
• Indonesia, 473, 739
• Innab, Maj. Gen. Radi, 27n , 45, 47, 48n
• Intelligence Advisory Committee, 102–103, 674n
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD):
  • Saudi Arabia, 435–436, 446, 456–457, 461, 464, 480, 506
  • Syria, 571–572, 665
• International Cooperation Administration (ICA):
  • Jordan, 7, 38–39, 66, 85–86, 118, 132
  • Lebanon, 183, 192, 195, 200, 217
  • Saudi Arabia, 416, 455, 494
  • Yemen, 764, 767–768, 770
• International Court of Justice, 321
• International Monetary Fund, 456–457, 464
• Iran, 121, 250–251, 356, 425, 427, 434, 437–438, 531, 715
• Iraq:
  • Arab League participation, 253n
  • British military aid, 124
  • Communist Party, 531
  • Economic situation, 62–63
  • Egypt, relations with, 525
  • ESS Pact, 44n , 52, 519n
  • Israel, relations with, 52, 55, 119
  • Jordan, possible intervention in, 17–18, 25, 90–91, 95, 105, 108
    • British position, 35
    • Iraqi position, 53–54, 59, 96n , 97, 99, 107
    • Israeli position, 52–55, 97, 116, 120
    • U.S. position, 52, 54–55, 93, 97, 110–111, 114
  • Jordan, relations with, 2, 19, 38, 41, 65, 69, 96, 103–104, 151, 158, 567
    • British position, 35
    • Economic aid, 43–45, 48, 49n
    • Israeli position, 96n , 97
    • Jordanian political situation, 96, 103–104
    • Possible Iraqi intervention, 90–91, 93, 95, 96n , 97, 99, 105, 107–108
    • Possible partition of Jordan, 25, 38, 68, 610
    • Syrian crisis, 672–673, 683, 685–686, 696n
    • Union proposal, 7, 14, 153
    • U.S. position, 43–44, 48–49, 68, 70–71, 164
  • Lebanon, relations with, 177n , 180
  • Muscat and Oman, 247
  • Oil industry (see also Iraq Petroleum Company), 128
  • Political situation, 35, 145–146, 322, 349, 671, 673, 685, 711, 742
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 96, 145, 318–319, 349–350, 355, 365, 367
    • Baghdad Pact, 439–440
    • British position, 367, 368n
    • Hejaz Railway, 349
    • Syria, 525, 656, 658, 671–673
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 718
  • Syria, relations with, 349, 516, 519, 525, 528–529, 536, 575, 592, 656, 671–673
    • British position, 21, 548
    • Iraqi intervention, possible, 520–522, 523n , 528, 544–545, 548–549, 556, 568, 604–607, 610–613
    • Iraqi political intrigue, 527, 530, 555, 569–570
    • Oil industry (see also Iraq Petroleum Company), 349, 588–589, 611–612
    • Union proposal, 529, 545–546, 679
    • U.S. military aid to Iraq, 521, 661, 664, 700–701
  • Turkey, relations with, 21, 549, 638, 642–644
  • U.N. voting record, 578
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 35, 259
  • United States, relations with, 39, 42, 110–111, 466
    • Saudi Arabia, 253
    • Syria, 545–546, 647, 658, 683, 694–696, 700–701
  • U.S. economic aid to, 692, 695, 696n
  • U.S. military aid to, 52, 56, 182, 194–195, 199, 661, 714
    • Israeli position, 649
    • Jordanian position, 4, 124
    • Saudi position, 253, 356, 434
    • Syria, 521, 661, 664, 694–695, 700–701, 714, 733
    • U.S. military bases in, 384
• Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), 133n , 142
  • Lebanon, 180
  • Syrian pipeline, 548–549, 558–559, 570, 685
    • Sabotage, 504, 543, 594–595, 599–600, 607–608, 610–612, 614, 652, 703, 707, 709
    • U.S. aid to Iraq, 692, 695, 696n
• Israel (see also Arab–Israeli dispute; Suez Canal crisis):
  • Aqaba, Gulf of, shipping, 116, 120–121, 428, 481n , 490–491, 499, 508–509, 624
  • Arab position, 501
  • British military aid, 40
  • Economic situation, 119, 121–122
  • Egypt, relations with, 5
    • Border raids, 441–442
  • French military aid, 46, 665
  • German Federal Republic, relations with, 122
  • Immigration policy, 121, 620, 623, 631
  • Iraq, relations with, 52, 55, 119
  • Jordan, relations with, 31, 157–158
    • Fedayeen activity, 70
    • Israeli intervention, possible, 90–91, 93–97, 103–104, 106, 108
    • Jordanian partition, possible, 25, 29, 38
  • Jordan Valley Plan, 25, 99
  • Lebanon, relations with, 176–177, 184–185, 211
  • Military capabilities, 78n , 165
  • Oil industry, 264–265, 271n , 272
  • Political situation, 521
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 119, 269, 318, 333, 365, 424–425, 434
  • Sinai, withdrawal from, 614
  • Soviet policy toward, 648
  • Syria, relations with, 525, 536, 555, 648–649
    • Immigration policy, 620, 623, 631
    • Israeli intervention, possible, 604–607
  • Tiran and Sanafir Islands, 438, 444
  • Tiran Straits shipping, 116, 119–121
  • Turkey, relations with, 440
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 64
  • United States, relations with, 69, 166 [Page 787]
    • Jordan, 96–97, 99, 104–106, 110, 112, 114–116, 118–122
    • Saudi Arabia, 253, 360n
    • State visit proposal, 430
    • Syrian crisis, 646–650, 662–663, 690–691
    • U.S. military aid to Lebanon, 194, 199
  • U.S. forces in, 18
  • U.S. military aid to, 40, 45–46, 139n , 185–187, 194, 269, 341n , 360, 501, 559, 649
  • U.S. policy toward, 7, 82, 119, 120, 277
  • And U.S. Zionism, 394
• Italy, 583, 585–586, 615
• Jabbar, Sheikh Ahmad Abdul, 299n , 300n , 326n , 505
• Jabr, Salih, 35
• al–Jabri, Majd al–Din, 584, 594–595, 599n
• Jackling, Roger William, 510, 730
• Jamali, Muhammed Fadhi, 517n , 671, 673
• Japan, 583
• Jawdat, Ali, 638, 671, 673, 683, 685, 694n , 711–712
• Jenkins, Alfred leSesne, 282–283, 613
• Jennings, Brewster, 271, 272n
• Jernegan, John D., 173, 259n , 263n , 267n , 516n , 517n , 524n , 652, 758
• Jerusalem, 18
• Jeton, Frank, 633
• Johnson, Charles E., 213n
• Johnson, John A., 290
• Johnson, Lyndon B., 635, 700
• Johnston, Eric, 2n , 13, 45, 73, 79–83, 91, 150–152, 160, 494, 534–535
• Johnston Mission, 534–535
• Johnston Plan. See Jordan Valley Plan.
• Joint Chiefs of Staff:
  • Jordan, 107–108
  • Lebanon, U.S. military aid to, 188–191
  • Overseas bases, 381–382
  • Saudi Arabia, 290, 344, 383–385, 415
• Joint Strategic Plans Committee, 188–191
• Jones, John Wesley, 510, 730
• Jordan (see also Arab Legion; Arab States; and Jordan and Jordanian subentries under other subjects):
  • Anticommunism, 83–84
  • Arab Legion, 15–18, 42–43, 47
    • British economic aid for, 2–3, 8, 50, 67–68
    • Dismissal of British officers, 26–35, 37–38, 68
  • Arab nationalism, 6, 84
  • Bedouins, 6, 94–95, 108
  • British economic aid to, 38, 58, 66–70, 74, 78, 81, 85, 87, 313
    • Arab Legion, 2–3, 8, 50, 67–68
    • British position, 76, 82–83
    • Development loans, 85
    • Jordanian position, 72
    • Payment deferments, 123–124, 126, 129, 140, 154
  • British military aid to, 2–4, 8, 11, 30n , 31–32, 51, 69, 87, 137
  • China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 64, 66–70
  • Communist influence in (see also Soviet intrigue under Political situation below):
    • British position, 17, 20–21
    • Jordanian position, 23–24, 59, 123, 477
    • U.S. position, 16, 19, 23, 36, 75, 104, 111, 158, 245
  • Economic situation, 7, 124, 140, 142–143, 146, 153
    • U.S.–British position, 150–151
  • Egypt, relations with, 2, 9, 55, 59, 68, 70, 84, 89
    • Israeli position, 120
    • Possible partition, 29
    • Turkish position, 168
  • Egyptian intrigue:
    • British position, 18, 20, 29n , 159–161
    • Israeli position, 120
    • Jordanian position, 24, 122–123
    • Turkish position, 168
    • U.S. position, 23, 33, 36, 100–101, 104, 108, 111, 113, 131, 156, 158, 161–162
  • Egyptian military and economic aid to, 3, 42n , 46, 140–141, 143, 146, 625
  • ESS Pact military and economic aid to, 11–12, 30n , 31, 37–38, 40, 58, 78–80, 85, 87, 313
  • ESS Pact powers, relations with, 4, 25, 38, 41, 43, 189–190, 191n
  • Iraq, relations with, 2, 19, 38, 41, 65, 69, 151, 158, 567 [Page 788]
    • Jordanian political situation, 96, 103–104
    • Possible partition of Jordan, 25, 38, 68, 610
    • Syrian crisis, 672–673, 683, 685–686, 696n
    • Union proposal, 7, 14, 153
    • U.S. position, 43–44, 48–49, 68, 70–71, 164
  • Iraqi forces in, 102, 123, 594
  • Iraqi intervention, possible, 17–18, 25, 90–91, 95, 105, 108
    • British position, 35
    • Iraqi position, 53–54, 59, 96n , 97, 99, 107
    • Israeli position, 52–55, 97, 116, 120
    • U.S. position, 52, 54–55, 93, 97, 110–111, 114
  • Iraqi military and economic aid to:
    • British position, 62n
    • Iraqi position, 49n , 56, 63, 111n , 127, 128n , 142
    • Jordanian position, 65, 127
    • And U.S. aid, 44, 48, 52, 70–71, 140–144
    • U.S. position, 40, 43–45, 48, 51, 63, 69, 81, 126, 128–129, 132
  • Iraqi–Saudi talks, 127–128, 134
  • Israel, relations with, 31, 157–158
    • Fedayeen activity, 70
    • Israeli intervention, possible, 90–91, 93–97, 103–104, 106, 108
    • Jordan, possible partition of, 25, 29, 38
  • Israeli policy toward, 96–97, 99, 104–106, 114–116, 118–122
  • Kuwait, relations with, 151
  • Lebanon, relations with, 36, 46
  • Military situation, 124, 151
  • National Guard, 42
  • Neutralism, 36–37
  • Pakistan, relations with, 4, 153
  • Palestinian refugees, 14, 45, 103
    • British position, 74, 151
    • Economic situation, 153
    • Political situation, 6, 13, 15n , 20–22, 24, 37–38, 57, 95, 108, 151, 162, 711
    • U.N. aid for, 13, 38
    • U.S. aid for, 13, 66, 77–78
    • U.S. position, 45, 151
  • Political situation (see also Communist influence and Egyptian intrigue above), 6–7, 9, 10n , 12–13, 33–34, 47, 88–89, 90, 100–102, 163, 192
    • Anti–British sentiment, 64
    • Arab nationalism, 23, 33, 84, 104
    • Army role, 84, 89, 94–95, 98, 108, 160, 162
    • Bathiyiin, 84, 90–91, 157
    • Bedouin role, 6, 94–95, 108
    • British position, 20–22, 24–25, 35, 150–151
    • Communist Party, 57–58, 84, 91, 531
    • Coup attempt, Apr. 13, 1957, 92
    • Dissolution of parliament, 57–58
    • Egyptian position, 98, 146
    • ESS influence, 38, 41
    • Hiyari resignation, 100–101
    • Iraqi position, 48n
    • Iraqi role, 96, 103–104
    • Israeli position, 99, 120
    • Jordanian position, 122–123, 130–131
    • Lebanese role, 104
    • Liberation Party, 157
    • Martial law, 106, 109
    • Moslem–Christian conflict, 33, 37–38
    • National Socialist Party, 90, 101
    • Rioting, 9–10, 15–17, 19, 23, 37–38
    • Saudi role, 20–21, 24, 96, 99, 102n , 103–104, 313
    • Soviet intrigue, 122, 161–162
    • Syrian intrigue, 100–101, 104, 108, 111, 113, 122–123, 156, 158–162, 617, 631
    • Syrian position, 742
    • U.S. position, 103, 106–107, 150–151, 711
  • Partition, possible, 25–26, 29, 38, 68–69, 151, 610
  • Riyadh–Medina Railroad, 460
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 2, 133n , 158, 318
    • Israeli position, 116, 120
    • Jordanian political situation, 24, 96, 99, 102n , 103–104, 313
    • Saudi intervention, possible, 93–95, 108, 110–112, 120, 123
    • Jordanian partition, possible, 25, 29, 38, 69
    • Syrian crisis, 638, 699n
    • U.S. position, 69–71, 96, 99, 111–112, 151, 163–164, 350
  • Saudi military and economic aid to, 128, 143–144, 146–147
    • Iraqi position, 142
    • U.S. position, 76–77, 79, 81, 126, 128, 134, 140–141
  • Saudi forces in, 102–103, 108, 119, 123
  • Saudi–Iraqi talks, 127–128, 134
  • Soviet bloc military aid to, 42, 46
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 6, 11, 40, 59, 64, 66–68, 76, 78–80, 82, 103, 106, 313, 718
  • Syria, relations with, 11, 25, 68–69, 78–79, 89, 146
    • Defense pact, 59, 593–594
    • Jordanian political situation, 100–101, 104, 108, 111, 113, 122–123, 156, 158–162, 617, 631, 742
    • Jordanian partition, possible, 610
    • Syrian intervention, possible, 91, 93, 95, 105, 107, 110, 115–116, 594, 617, 631
  • Syrian forces in, 102, 105, 108, 123, 617
  • Syrian military and economic aid to, 140–141, 143, 146, 625, 631
  • United Kingdom, relations with (see also British subheadings above), 4n , 5–7, 13–14, 22, 69, 73, 87, 151, 153
    • Baghdad Pact, 5
    • Dismissal of Arab Legion officers, 26–35, 37–38, 68
    • Jordanian position, 24–26
    • British intervention, possible, 18, 25, 35, 54n , 92–93, 107, 159–161
    • Severing of relations, 61–66, 68, 72, 81n , 84, 87–88, 129
    • Templer Mission, 7–8
    • U.S. position, 19, 31–32, 39–40, 41n , 72, 78–79
  • U.N. economic aid to, 7, 13, 38–39, 66, 80
  • U.N. role in, 60–61, 167
  • United States, relations with, 12, 30–31, 65, 90, 130–131
    • Anti– U.S. rioting, 9–10, 15–17, 19, 23, 37–38
    • Arab–Israeli dispute, 46
    • Eisenhower Doctrine, 85, 93, 103, 105–106, 108–109, 115–116, 119, 122, 168
    • Israeli position, 69, 71, 105, 119–120
    • Jordanian position, 14, 164–166, 653–654
    • Palestinian refugees, 24
    • Possible U.S. intervention, 93, 103, 105–106, 108–109, 114–116, 159–161
    • Propaganda, 7, 38–39
    • Richards Mission, 96, 102, 105, 113, 117–118, 122
    • Sixth Fleet deployment, 108, 112, 114, 117, 122
    • Syrian crisis, 654–656, 698–699
    • Templer Mission, 20, 105
    • U.N. statement, 704–705
    • U.S. policy, 6–7, 38–39, 68–71, 74–75, 95–96, 110–113, 151, 162
  • U.S.–British discussions, 80, 86–88, 93–94, 139, 149–152, 154–155
  • U.S. economic aid to, 13, 44, 50, 74–75, 113, 117–118, 129, 132, 134, 140, 153–154
    • And British economic aid, 50, 66, 70
    • British position, 79n , 83, 88
    • Iraqi position, 63n
    • Iraqi role, 65, 69–70, 112n , 127, 133–134, 142–145, 147
    • Israeli position, 69, 71
    • Jordanian position, 59, 61n , 64, 68, 72, 77, 123–124, 127, 130n , 165, 655–656
    • Off–shore procurement, 143–144
    • Richards Mission, 133n
    • Saudi position, 112n
    • Saudi role, 73, 133–134
    • Syrian position, 624–625
    • Technical assistance, 39, 85
    • Turkish position, 89
    • U.S. position, 74, 76, 78, 80–82, 85–86, 125, 144–147, 167–168
  • U.S. military aid to, 3, 7–8, 56, 66, 72, 113, 117, 128–130, 152, 167–168, 501, 661, 714
    • Arab–Israeli dispute, 64–65
    • Baghdad Pact, 4n , 5
    • Conditions for, 476–477
    • Equipment, 3, 148–149, 155–156, 158
    • Iraqi position, 51, 55, 59
    • Iraqi role, 52, 54, 56, 65, 69, 127, 136–137
    • Israeli position, 155n , 156n , 636
    • Jordanian position, 46, 61n , 124, 165, 655
    • Off–shore procurement, 137–138
    • Saudi role, 73, 127, 136–137
    • Syrian crisis, 654, 661, 664, 714, 733–734
    • Training, 149
    • U.S. position, 40, 46, 82, 85, 125, 132–141
  • U.S. missionaries in, 38
  • Western orientation of, 1, 55, 80, 95, 157, 192
  • Yarmuk River, 85
• Jordan Valley Plan, 2n , 7, 13, 15, 23, 25, 99, 171, 177, 535–536
• Kalijarvi, Thorsten V., 582
• al–Kallas, Khalil, 594–595
• Karam, Georges, 179, 180n
• Kayyali, Ghalib, 610n , 622n , 626–628
• Kellogg Company, 586
• Kelly, Thomas R., 249
• Kern, Harry, 299n , 326n
• al–Khalidi, Fakhri Husayn, 90n , 95, 100–101, 104, 109
• al–Khalidi, Rasim, 456–457
• al–Khayyal, Sheikh Abdullah, 361–362, 393–394, 456, 458, 461, 468, 481, 505
  • Buraimi dispute, 289n , 303
  • United Kingdom, 338–339, 355, 362, 364, 511
  • U.S. aid to Saudi Arabia, 275–277, 279–280, 289n , 303
• Khouri, Victor A., 181–182, 184–185, 220, 524–525
• Khrushchev, Nikita S., 278, 351, 687–688, 707
• al–Khuri, Fans, 514–515
• King, Gen. Richard, 359
• Kirk, Roger, 37n , 392n , 396n , 597n
• Kirkbride, Alec S., 32n
• Kirkpatrick, Ivone A., 28–29, 223–225, 301n , 304, 307–308
• Knowland, William F., 343, 635, 688, 700
• Korea, 485
• Kotob, Anwar, 626n
• al–Koudsi, Nazim, 594
• Kuneralp, Zeki, 693n
• Kuwait, 151, 169, 315, 339, 355, 426–427, 487
• Kuwait Oil Company, 169
• Kuwatly. See al–Quwatli, Shukri .
• Laboulaye, François de, 605
• Lahud, Salim, 178n
• Lakeland, Albert A., Jr., 191n , 753–754, 771n
• Lang, William, 359
• Larson, Arthur, 715n
• Laskey, Dennis Seward, 73, 510, 730
• Lathram, L. Wade, 456, 464n , 480n
• Lavrentyev, Anatoliy Iosifovich, 269
• Lawson, Edward B., 97n , 99, 115–116, 118n , 119
• Lebanon (see also Arab States; Lebanon and Lebanese subheadings under other subjects):
  • Arab nationalism, 202–203
  • British military aid to, 178, 182, 193, 199n
  • Christians in, 172
  • Communism in, 183, 201, 209, 531
  • Egypt, relations with, 177, 178, 183n
  • ESS Pact, 189–190, 191n
  • French military aid to, 182
  • Iraq, relations with, 177n , 180
  • Israel, relations with, 176–177, 184–185, 211
  • Jordan, relations with, 36, 46
  • Jordan Valley Plan, 171, 177
  • Middle East regional defense, 172, 174–175, 309
  • Military capabilities, 190
  • Oil industry, 180, 709
  • Palestinian refugees, 187–188
  • Political situation, 172, 177–178, 201, 206, 211, 219, 313
    • Army role, 202
    • Egyptian intrigue, 194, 201, 206, 209–210, 212, 216, 219
    • Soviet intrigue, 216
    • Syrian intrigue, 194, 201, 206, 209–210, 216, 219, 742
      • Syrian crisis, 659, 685, 692, 694, 698, 706, 708, 713
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 508
  • Soviet bloc military aid to, 189–190
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 187, 201
  • Syria, relations with, 177n , 178, 183, 186, 210–211, 709
  • U.N. voting record, 578
  • United States, relations with, 39, 175–176, 204–207
    • Eisenhower Doctrine, 198, 208, 215, 219–221
    • Jordan, 71, 114–115
    • Syrian crisis, 696–697, 710–714
  • U.S. economic aid to, 170n , 171, 173, 187, 192, 195–196, 198–200, 208–213, 215, 219
    • British position, 178
    • Egyptian position, 668
  • U.S. forces in, 108
  • U.S. military aid to, 188, 190–193, 212, 215–216, 220, 501, 546–547, 550–551
    • And Arab–Israeli dispute, 170n , 176, 179–180, 184–187, 199
    • Baghdad Pact, 3
    • British position, 178
    • Eisenhower Doctrine, 198
    • Israeli position, 649
    • Lebanese position, 170–172, 174–176, 181, 183, 186, 200–202, 207, 209, 219
    • Syrian crisis, 638, 697, 733
    • U.S. position, 173–174, 179–180, 182–185, 188–191, 194–195, 210–211, 217–218, 540–543
  • U.S. policy toward, 196–197, 213–215
  • Western orientation of, 171–172, 181, 189, 200, 202
• Leishman, Frederick John, 510, 730
• Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 701
• Libya, 109, 307, 346, 381–382, 460, 656
• Liebesny, Herbert J., 234n , 498n
• Lightner, E. Allen, Jr., 379, 632n
• Lilienthal, Alfred, 394
• Lindsay, Maj. Gen. Richard C., 290
• Lister, Ernest A., 334
• Lloyd, Selwyn, 20–21, 29, 73–76, 79n , 94, 159–160, 509–510
  • Buraimi dispute, 322–324, 327–328, 331, 365–366, 377–378, 388–389, 392–393
  • Middle East issues, 732–733
  • Muscat and Oman, 228–230, 231n , 232–233, 236, 241, 244, 246–248
  • Saudi Arabia, 322–324, 327–329, 330–331, 334–336, 364–366, 370, 377–378, 396–397
  • Syria, 569–570, 647–648, 720–722, 730–733
• Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 246–247, 414, 724–725, 728–731, 739–740
• Loutfi, Omar, 739
• Luce, Henry Robinson, 262n
• Lucet, Charles E., 605
• Lummus Company, 583, 586, 589–590
• McAfee, William, 102, 487n
• MacArthur, Douglas, II, 70, 315, 327, 329, 334, 351–352, 370, 377n , 382, 404, 567
• McCardle, Carl W., 16, 334n
• McGuire, E. Perkins, 379–382
• McKinnon, Robert A., 652n
• Macmillan, Harold M., 87n , 137, 178, 304n , 681, 749
  • Buraimi dispute, 289, 293, 301–303, 305, 511n
  • Muscat and Oman, 226–227, 230–233, 238n , 239n , 240–242
  • Saudi Arabia, 289, 293, 509n , 510n
  • Syrian crisis, 659, 670n , 681–682, 689, 732–733
  • U.S.–British relations, 510n , 686
• Macomber, William B., 73, 196n , 313n , 375n , 472n , 561n , 700n
• McSweeney, John M., 664
• Mahayri, Issam, 538n
• Mahdi, Mohammad, 275, 361, 393
• Main, Charles T., 171n
• al–Majali, Haza, 9–10, 57, 101, 127–128
• Majid, Abdul Aziz, 431, 468, 481
• Makins, Roger M., 17, 20, 285n , 327, 392n
  • Jordan, 34–35, 81–82
  • Kuwait, 169
  • Saudi Arabia, 285, 303–304, 317–318, 322n , 329, 334, 351, 377n , 396, 397n
  • Syria, 544n , 567
  • U.S.–British relations, 313n , 377n
• Malik, Charles, 179, 192, 200–203, 387, 511, 526n
  • Lebanese political situation, 194, 206, 219
  • Syria, 524–527, 662n , 689, 693n , 696, 697n
  • U.S. aid to Lebanon, 170–173, 209–211
  • U.S.–Lebanese relations, 174–176, 196–197, 204, 207–209, 220, 710–714
• Malki, Col. Adnan, 523–525, 527, 538, 564, 630
• Mallory, Lester D., 49–50, 55–56, 67n , 83n , 124
  • Baghdad Pact, 1–2, 8–9
  • Jordan:
    • Arab States, relations with, 45–47
    • Foreign aid to, 2–5, 11–12, 31, 42n , 80–81, 127
    • Iraq, relations with, 44, 90
    • Political situation, 10, 12–17, 21–23, 32–34, 36, 41, 88–91, 100–102, 122–123, 156–158, 160
    • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 133n , 699n
    • United States, relations with, 6–7, 130n , 131n , 164–166
    • U.S. economic aid to, 59, 61n , 64–67, 72–73, 75n , 78n , 79n , 85–86, 125
    • U.S. military aid to, 59, 85, 112, 125, 132n , 152, 155n , 158, 165–166
  • Soviet Union, 705n
  • Syrian crisis, 636, 699n
  • United Kingdom, 26–28, 61n , 72
• Mannesman Company, 615
• Mansfield, Mike, 688, 700
• Markham, Comdr. Richard, 359
• Martin, Maj. James, 359
• Massoud, Muhammed, 352, 391n , 399n , 431, 449
• Mead, Maj. Gen. Armistead D., 701
• Mediterranean Refining Company, 180
• Meir, Golda, 97n , 115–116, 118n , 119
• Menderes, Adnan, 168
  • Iraq, 258, 514, 670
  • Syria, 591, 617, 638
  • Syrian crisis, 642–644, 647, 654, 656–658, 670, 672–673, 684, 689, 691, 693n , 706n
• Merchant, Livington T., 20, 327, 329, 334, 510, 567, 730
• Metzger, Stanley D., 210n
• Middle East (see also individual countries):
  • Arab nationalism in, 197, 202–203, 206, 447, 666–667
  • British military aid to, 195, 541
  • British policy toward, 18–19, 29, 36, 49–50, 137, 207, 570, 631
  • Chinese People’s Republic policy toward, 642
  • Communist influence in, 14, 75, 201–203, 418, 420
    • Lebanese position, 205–206
    • Saudi position, 206, 325n , 447
    • U.S.–Saudi talks, 438–439
  • Egyptian role in, 111n , 145, 202, 570
  • European military aid to, 195
  • French policy toward, 49, 207, 631
  • Jordanian role in, 97, 108
  • Lebanese role in, 214
  • Neutralism in, 14, 268, 666
  • NATO role in, 692–693
  • Oil industry, 403, 496–497, 504, 584, 590
  • Regional defense (see also Northern Tier defense organization), 170n , 172, 174–175, 309, 688
  • Saudi role in, 351, 405, 432, 445
  • Soviet military aid to, 206, 687
  • Soviet policy toward, 7, 60, 268, 278, 531, 561, 642, 655, 666–667, 732
    • Possible intervention, 193, 197
    • U.S. position, 74, 500–501, 657, 667, 680, 704–705
  • Syrian role in, 556, 712
  • Turkish role in, 655
  • U.N. economic aid to, 631
  • U.S.–British relations, 366–368, 659
  • U.S. military and economic aid to (see also Eisenhower Doctrine), 342–343, 541, 559, 624–625, 689n
    • And Syrian crisis, 342–343, 635, 645, 650–651, 654
    • Syrian position, 624, 631
  • U.S. policy toward (see also Eisenhower Doctrine), 49, 60, 204, 207, 213, 432, 556, 666–667, 704–705, 711–712
    • Middle East Emergency Committee, 703–704, 707
  • West, distrust of, 201–202
• Middle East Doctrine. See Eisenhower Doctrine.
• Middle East Emergency Committee, 403–404, 703–704, 707
• Miller, Elliot H., 249
• Miner, Robert Graham, 653–658, 670–673, 696n
• Mishaal, Prince, 267n , 276n , 287, 325–326, 357, 387
• Moline, Edwin G., 412
• Mollet, Guy, 404, 445
• Molloy, Col. Robert W., 537n , 540n , 546, 563n , 565n , 633, 660
• Moose, James S., Jr.:
  • Middle East, 568, 717n
  • Syria, 537n , 572, 587, 609–610, 622–623, 634, 640–641
    • Iraq, relations with, 515, 529, 610–612
    • Oil pipeline, 594–595, 599–600, 607n , 608n
    • Political situation, 515, 517n , 519–520, 523n , 525–528, 537–539, 553–557, 562–564, 613n , 618
    • Soviet Union, relations with, 546n , 596–597
    • United States, relations with, 523–524, 540–542, 558n , 565n , 620–623, 625–632, 635, 742
    • U.S. military aid to, 547–548, 558n , 559, 560n , 566
• Morgan, Thomas E., 635
• Morocco, 244, 381, 629, 656
• Morris, Willie, 8, 20, 92, 94, 327, 329, 510, 567, 689, 720, 730
• Morton, Thruston B., 342
• al–Mufti, Said, 9, 47, 57, 90, 100, 157
• Mumtaz, Ali, 671
• Murphy, Robert D., 67n , 134n , 237n , 238n , 254n , 268n , 334, 342, 370, 375, 377n , 379, 381–382, 387n , 404, 472n , 478n , 480n , 510, 661n , 725
  • Middle East, 707–709
  • Muscat and Oman, 238–240, 241n , 243–244
  • Saudi Arabia, 251, 254n , 278–279, 456–461, 469–470, 488n , 489n , 503–504
    • U.S. military aid to, 344, 347n , 449–450, 452–453, 462, 464–467, 477
  • Syria, 573–574, 586, 588n , 597–598, 605–606, 614, 632n , 635, 640, 730
  • Turkey, 706–707, 730
  • United Nations, 463, 704–705
  • Yemen, 761
• Musaad, 417, 431, 445, 481
• Muscat and Oman (see also Buraimi dispute):
  • Arab position, 238
  • British position, 223–227, 234, 236–241, 244–247
  • Egyptian role, 227, 232, 235
  • Iraqi position, 244, 247
  • Oil industry, 226n , 227n , 230–231, 236
  • Press coverage, 226n , 227n
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 223–225, 227, 229, 232–236, 244
    • Treaty of al–Sib, 1920, 228n , 242, 245
  • Soviet role in, 235, 247
  • Syrian role in, 235
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 314, 331, 487
    • Military intervention, 228–229, 236, 304
  • U.N. role, 237–242, 244–248
  • United States, relations with, 225–226
  • U.S.–British cooperation, 222–223, 228–231, 236, 238–240, 243–246
  • U.S. position, 231–232, 236
• Mutual Defense Act, 1949, 265n
• Mutual Security Act, 1954, 135–137, 139, 191n , 199, 210n
• al–Nabulsi, Sulayman, 57n , 72–79, 84, 86, 88–89, 98, 100, 124, 617
  • Jordanian political situation, 83n , 89, 90n , 91, 95, 120, 151, 161
• al–Namlah, Muhammad, 449
• Nasser, Gamal Abd’al, 27n , 49–50, 111n , 125, 146, 444, 567, 570, 678, 763
  • Arab heads of state meeting, 421n , 447, 468, 612n
  • Arab–Israeli dispute, 14–15
  • Arab nationalism, 55, 84, 104, 145, 151, 202, 207, 273, 414
  • Baghdad Pact, 5
  • Czechoslovakia, 278
  • Israel, 46n
  • Jordan, 18, 28, 38, 41, 112–117, 120, 142, 157, 159, 162, 168
  • Lebanon, 194
  • Muscat and Oman, 227, 230, 236
  • Saudi Arabia, 351–352, 377–378, 403, 409, 429, 572
  • Soviet Union, 6, 427, 441, 545, 596, 713
  • Suez oil pipeline, 504
  • Syria, 445, 519, 578, 607n , 608n , 675–676, 744–745
  • Syrian crisis, 639, 643, 656, 662, 671, 673
  • United Kingdom, 2n , 21
  • U.S.–Egyptian relations, 65, 274, 298, 442, 714
  • Yemen, 750
• Nasser, Sheriff, 89, 160
• National City Bank, 572
• National Intelligence Advisory Committee, 189
• National Intelligence Estimates, NIE 30–57, 486–488
• National Security Council:
  • Actions:
    • 1290–d, 530, 562
  • Documents:
    • NSC 5428, 249n
  • Jordan, 19, 89, 98, 131, 145
  • Lebanon, 212
  • Meetings:
    • 255th, 539–540
    • 272d, 19
    • 303d, 403–404
    • 305th, 606–607
    • 309th, 754–755
    • 310th, 414
    • 319th, 89, 212
    • 320th, 98
    • 323d, 131
    • 326th, 145–146
    • 329th, 762
    • 336th, 701–704
  • Middle East, 189
  • Oil industry, 249n , 403–404
  • Saudi Arabia, 414
  • Syria, 539–540, 606–607, 701–704
  • Yemen, 754–755, 762
• Nègre, André, 516n
• Nehru, Jawaharlal, 225, 262
• Nelson, Harold S., 84, 124
• Nemtchina, Sergi S., 611
• Newsom, David D., 111n , 128n , 133n , 222n , 263n , 265n , 267n , 271n , 272n , 278n , 285n , 291n , 296n , 301n , 302n , 305n , 306n , 309n , 347n , 349n , 363n , 364n , 370n , 378n , 389n , 395n , 396n , 410n , 464n , 478n , 494n , 511n , 545n , 588n , 727n , 751n , 752n , 764n , 771n
  • Buraimi dispute, 274, 338, 339n
  • Saudi Arabia, 275–277, 321, 359, 361, 374, 379, 380n , 382, 449, 468, 475
  • Yemen, 770
• Nickerson, Albert, 264
• al–Nimr, Abd al–Halim, 90
• Nixon, Richard M., 413
• Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 733–734
• North Africa, 46, 300, 655
• North Atlantic Council, 706, 707n , 709n
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 7, 174, 161, 672–673
  • Sixth Fleet deployment, 733
  • Turkey, 700, 711
• Northern Tier defense organization, 7, 157, 516, 555, 561
  • Iraqi participation, 253–254
  • Lebanese participation, 170n , 171–172
  • Saudi position, 253–255, 259, 270
  • U.S. support for, 259
• Norway, 739
• Nowfel, Camille, 468, 481, 505
• Nuwar, Maj. Gen. Ali Abu, 34n , 47, 48n , 59–61, 68, 617
  • Jordanian foreign relations, 62n , 64, 66–67, 78
  • Jordanian political situation, 64, 90, 92, 94, 100–102, 124, 160–161
• Ohliger, Floyd, 406
• Oil industry:
  • Aden Protectorates, 286
  • And Arab nationalism, 14
  • British interests, 226n , 227n , 230–231, 323, 487, 496–497
  • Buraimi dispute, 286, 335
  • Dhofar, 225–226
  • Egyptian position, 309
  • Farsi and Arabi Islands, 438
  • Iran, 250–251
  • Iraq, 128
  • Iraq Petroleum Company, 133n , 142
    • Syrian pipeline, 548–549, 558–559, 570, 685
      • Sabotage, 504, 543, 594–595, 599–600, 607–608, 610–612, 614, 652, 703, 707, 709
      • U.S. aid to Iraq, 692, 695, 696n
  • Israel, 264–267, 271–272
  • Kuwait, 169, 487n
  • Labor problems, 310
  • Lebanon, 180, 709
  • Muscat and Oman, 226, 227n , 230–231, 236
  • Persian Gulf sheikdoms, 310, 315, 323, 487
  • Saudi Arabia, 258, 264–267, 323–324, 328–330, 348, 405, 432, 503–505
    • Israel boycott demand, 264–265, 271n , 272
    • Labor problems, 310
    • Onassis agreement, 249–252, 259
    • Revenues from, 293, 319, 321, 332–334, 337, 347–348, 492, 549
    • Syrian refinery construction, 588–589
    • U.S. interests, 309, 320, 375–377
    • Western boycott proposal, 403–404
    • Western interests, 317n , 375–377, 496–497, 584, 590
  • Socony Mobil, 250, 264–267, 271n , 272
  • Standard Oil Company, 271n , 321, 331, 337, 571, 582–585, 769–770
  • Suez Canal crisis, 403, 419, 607, 707
  • Suez pipline, 504
  • Syria (see also Iraq Petroleum Company above), 585
    • Refinery construction, 570–571, 577, 582–586, 588–593, 614–617
  • TAPLINE, 71, 180, 503n , 504, 585, 599
  • Western boycott proposal, 403–404
  • Western interests, 317n , 375–377, 496–497, 584, 590
  • Yemen, 756
• O’Keefe, Brig. Gen. Richard J., 359
• Oman. See Muscat and Oman.
• Omar, Caliph, 362
• Onassis agreement, 249–252, 259
• Onassis, Aristotle Socrates, 249n , 250, 503
• Operations Coordinating Board, 213–215, 415, 530–537, 562, 703
• Oulashin, Eric E., 392n , 396n , 472n
• Owen, Maj. Edwin B., 359, 449
• Page, Howard, 582, 583n , 584
• Pahlavi, Shah Mohammed Riza, 270, 427
• Pakistan, 4, 153, 400, 440, 473
• Palestinian refugees, 14, 24, 45, 103
  • And Arab–Israeli dispute, 157, 187, 623
  • British position, 74, 151
  • Economic aid for, 13, 38, 66, 77–78
  • Jordanian economic situation, 153
  • Jordanian political situation, 6, 13, 15n , 20–22, 37–38, 95, 108, 151, 162, 711
  • Lebanon, 187
  • U.N. aid for, 13, 38
  • U.S. aid for, 13, 66, 77–78
  • U.S. position, 45, 151
• Parker, Richard B., 86–88, 117n , 118, 148n , 161n
• Parkes, Roderick W., 332, 335, 363n , 365, 393
• Parsons, Marselis C., 412, 510, 730
• Perkins, George W., 706n , 707
• Persian Gulf, 438, 491
• Persian Gulf sheikhdoms:
  • Arab nationalism in, 315
  • Egypt, relations with, 753
  • Oil industry, 310, 315, 323, 487
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 245, 309
  • Soviet policy toward, 753
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 29n , 231–232, 236, 245, 292, 309–310, 314, 328–331, 355, 486–488
    • Oil industry, 323, 328, 487
  • U.S. policy toward, 226, 284, 309
• Petroleum Refinery Institute (Syria), 370–371, 583
• Philby, St. John, 358
• Philippines, 247
• Phillips, Horace, 287, 340, 341n
• Phleger, Herman, 342, 404, 559
• Poland, 310–312, 353, 577
• Prochnow, Herbert V., 334
• Procon Ltd., 588–590, 615–617
• Public Roads, U.S. Bureau of, 772
• Qatar, 280n , 310, 331, 396, 487
• Quarles, Donald, 290–291, 380, 382, 467, 651, 685
• al–Quwatli, Shukri, 312, 406n , 408n , 579–580, 596, 612n
  • Egypt, 145, 409, 662
  • Saudi Arabia, 409, 580
  • Soviet Union, 558, 578, 594, 596–597, 606
  • Syrian political situation, 54n , 553–554, 639, 662, 677
  • U.S.–Syrian relations, 558n , 566
• Radford, Adm. Arthur W., 103, 191n , 334, 379–380, 383–385, 597–598
• Rafiq Arif, Maj. Gen. Amir Al–Liwa Muhammad, 658, 671, 673
• al–Rahim, Sgt. Younis Abd, 523
• Ralph M. Parsons Company, 571, 583, 589–590
• Ras al–Khaima, 355
• al–Rawi, Abduljalil, 520n , 523n , 610
• Rawi, Najib, 387
• Raymond, John M., 210n
• Reams, Robert B., 632n , 640
• Red Sea, 753, 770
• Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 710
• Richards, James P., 113, 117, 133, 622n , 661, 755, 764
  • Jordan, 83, 85, 88–91, 96, 100, 102, 105
  • Lebanon, 115, 208, 210, 212, 215–216
  • Saudi Arabia, 417, 431, 445, 468, 489–493
  • Syria, 640, 646
• Richards Mission, 87–88, 133n , 439, 480, 622, 757–762, 764
  • Jordan, 96, 102, 105, 113, 117–118, 122
• Rifa’i, Abdul Monem, 16, 21–26, 30–31, 88–89
• al–Rifai, Samir, 17, 26, 33, 47, 166
  • Jordanian political situation, 18, 21–23, 25, 34–36, 122–124, 150, 160–161
  • U.S.–Jordanian relations, 125, 130n , 132n , 140n , 148–149, 152, 164, 166
• Rimawi, Ba Thi, 90, 91, 101, 120, 161
• Riyadh–Medina Railroad, 457, 460–461
• Roberts, Randolph, 570
• Robertson, Reuben B., 334, 379, 381, 404, 466–467
• Rockwell, Stuart W., 49n , 52n , 61n , 74n , 83n , 154n , 158n , 164n , 193n , 195n , 198n , 199n , 219n , 500n , 607n , 612n , 614n , 636n , 637n , 646n , 663n , 690n , 691n , 694n , 696n , 698n , 706n , 707n , 723n , 746n
  • Jordan, 92, 94
  • Lebanon, 220
  • Syria, 640, 720, 722
• Roosevelt, Archibald, 640, 653n
• Roosevelt, Kermit, 761
• Roper, John Charles Abercromby, 510, 730
• Rose, Michael, 9
• Rountree, William M., 31n , 34n , 41n , 43n , 44n , 48n , 51n , 52n , 56n , 57n , 60n , 61n , 66n , 74n , 76n , 83n , 95n , 117n , 128n , 129n , 133n , 148n , 161n , 167n , 184n , 191n , 193n , 301n , 329, 349n , 363n , 453n , 494n , 511n , 569n , 579n , 588n , 591n , 607n , 612n , 619n , 636n , 645n , 647n , 648n , 650n , 652n , 661n , 663n , 670n , 685n , 690n , 691n , 694, 696n , 698n , 715n , 725n , 727n , 746n , 750n , 766n , 771n
  • Israel, 118, 120–122, 499n
  • Jordan, 30n , 67n , 98–99, 104–105, 118, 120, 134–139, 140n , 143, 145n , 146–147, 153
  • Lebanon, 216–217, 220
  • Middle East, 194–196, 659–660
  • Saudi Arabia, 351, 370–371, 374–375, 404, 414–415, 417, 431, 445, 454n , 468, 481, 499n , 503n , 505
  • State Department communications systems, 651
  • Syria, 567, 573–574, 588–591, 613n , 614–617, 740–744
  • Syrian crisis, 632–635, 637n , 639–640, 659–660, 685, 688, 718, 720–722, 730–731, 735–737
  • United Kingdom, 20, 80, 247, 315, 317, 319, 327, 329, 364, 366–368, 510–511, 689, 770
  • Yemen, 473, 752, 761, 769–770
• Rowan, Thomas Leslie, 20, 327, 329, 334, 567
• Rumania, 578
• Russell, Francis H., 273n , 315
• Ryan, Andrew, 280n
• al–Sabah, Abdullah al–Salim, 169
• Sabri, Capt., 449
• al–Sabri, Ali, 746
• Sadat, Anwar, 176
• Al bu Said, Said ibn Taimur, Sultan, 274, 392:
  • Muscat and Oman, 225–226, 231–232, 246n , 252n
  • Saudi Arabia, 235, 241, 244, 330–331, 339, 497, 511
  • United Kingdom, 222–223, 230–232, 314, 330–331, 511
• al–Said, Gen. Nuri Pasha, 35
  • Baghdad Pact, 19, 258, 409
  • Iraqi political situation, 62n , 145–146, 671, 673, 683, 685, 711–713
  • Jordan, 21, 42–45, 48–49, 63, 107, 110, 112–113, 117, 144
    • Iraqi aid to, 51–54, 56, 63, 111n , 127–129, 133–134, 136, 141–143, 144n
  • Muscat and Oman, 244
  • Saudi Arabia, 322, 349, 367
  • Soviet Union, 552, 711–712
  • Syria, 543–546, 548–549, 551n , 552–553, 557, 569–570, 579, 588–589, 603–604, 606–607, 670
  • United Kingdom, 82–83, 259
• Salah, Walid, 1
• Salim, Maj. Salaheddin Moustafa, 172, 518
• Samuel, Ian, 20, 317, 321, 327, 329, 334, 567
• Sanafir Islands, 438, 444
• Sandys, Duncan, 444–445
• Sanger, Richard H., 160
• Sarraj, Col. Abd al–Hamid, 523, 599n , 602, 640, 676–677, 679
• Satterthwaite, Livingstone, 530n
• Saud, King ibn Abd al–Aziz, 43, 258, 262n , 336, 675, 711
  • Anticommunism, 206, 261–264, 273–274, 301n , 418, 439, 688
  • Arab heads of state meeting, 406n , 421n , 423, 447, 468, 612n
  • Arab–Israeli dispute, 407–408, 420, 428–429, 438, 443–444, 474, 490–491, 499n
  • Arab nationalism, 447, 688
  • Baghdad Pact, 439–440
  • Buraimi dispute, 286–288, 291–292, 294–295, 314, 321, 339n , 363, 388, 392
    • U.S.–Saudi relations, 295–296, 302–303, 305, 307, 332, 351–352, 354–356, 436–437
  • China, People’s Republic of, 261–262
  • Dhahran Airfield, 296–297, 298–300, 306, 369, 372–373, 379–380, 382, 384–386, 395n , 396n , 397–398, 399–403, 419, 435
  • Egypt, 351–352, 378n , 429, 441–442, 486
  • Eisenhower Doctrine, 408n , 422, 628
  • France, 409
  • Iran, 426–427, 437–438
  • Iraq, 322, 349–350, 367, 671–673
  • Jordan, 73, 84, 98, 112–117, 124, 131, 142, 163
    • Saudi aid to, 79, 127, 129, 136
    • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 24, 36, 76–77, 93–94, 96, 112n , 132n , 133n , 134n , 158
  • Middle East, 145, 508–509
  • Muscat and Oman, 227–229, 232–233, 235, 241, 244, 497
  • Oil industry, 264–265, 271–272, 504
  • Saudi economic development, 311–312, 425–426, 435–436, 477–478, 485, 495
  • Soviet Union, 267, 269–272, 427
  • Syria, 429, 442–443, 578, 580, 636–637, 660
  • Syrian political situation, 486, 500, 572, 592, 612–613, 638, 645, 654–656, 658, 718
  • Syrian–Turkey relations, 724, 726n , 727–728, 731, 735, 737
  • Truman Doctrine, 408n
  • United Kingdom:
    • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 230, 245, 323–324, 331, 333, 335–336, 338n , 341n , 355, 365, 409
    • United States, relations with, 377–378
  • U.S.–Israeli relations, 430
  • U.S. military aid to Saudi Arabia, 211, 260, 266, 279, 343n , 353, 356–360, 368n , 370–371, 389–392, 409–411
  • U.S.–Saudi relations, 325–326, 405, 417, 421, 431–432, 489, 492, 506–507
    • U.S.–Saudi talks, 423–430, 433–435, 444–445, 465, 467, 477–478
  • Visit to the United States, 326, 368n , 374–375, 404–406, 413–415, 445–449, 469–470, 481–484, 612
  • Yemen, 750–751, 753–754, 761–763
• Saud ibn Jilewi, Amir, 283–284, 285n
• Saudi Arabia (see also Arab States; Arabian–American Oil Company; Buraimi dispute; Egyptian–Syrian–Saudi (ESS) Pact; and Saudi subheadings under other subjects):
  • Anti–Western orientation, 320–321, 326
  • Aqaba, Gulf of, 116, 481n , 498–499, 508–509
  • Arab nationalism, 309, 317n , 374
  • Bedouins, 425
  • British military and economic aid to, 66, 87, 424–425
  • Chinese People’s Republic, relations with, 261–264
  • Communist influence in, 177, 309, 317n
  • Dammam Harbor, 460
  • Dhahran Airfield, 255–256, 268, 271–272, 296, 300, 303n , 306, 309, 374, 385–386, 387n , 391, 397–399, 401, 416, 419, 469–470
    • Air training program, 253, 255, 291, 299, 346, 360, 395, 398, 410–411, 479
    • Airport terminal, 346, 369, 395, 398, 410, 455, 462, 479, 495–496
    • Buraimi dispute, 282
    • Cash payment, 346, 382, 387n
    • Civilian airline proposal, 382
    • Dulles memorandum, 477–479
    • Egyptian position, 390
    • Exchange of notes, 488
    • Joint communiqué, 483
    • Saudi position, 251, 267n , 270, 278n , 279n , 288, 298, 353–354, 373, 387n , 389–390, 400, 403, 421, 435
    • Soviet position, 390
    • Strategic importance, 253, 260, 290–291, 344–347, 380–381, 383–385
    • U.S.–Saudi talks, 415, 435, 450–453
    • Valuation, 273, 275, 299, 307, 345, 359, 369, 380
  • Disputed Territory, 355, 749
  • Economic situation, 252, 258, 319, 425–426, 456, 458, 485, 491–492
  • Egypt, relations with, 351–352, 386–387, 415, 572
    • Aqaba, Gulf of, 231, 499
    • British position, 328, 337, 365
    • Buraimi dispute, 29, 285, 367
    • Muscat and Oman, 231
    • Yemeni–Saudi–Egyptian treaty, 363
  • Farsi and Arabi Islands, 425, 427, 437–438, 444, 472–473
  • France, relations with, 403, 408–409
  • Hejaz Railway, 310–312, 349, 353, 369, 373, 577, 582
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 435–436, 446, 456–457, 461, 464, 480, 506
  • Iran, relations with, 425, 427
  • Iraq, relations with, 96, 145, 318–319, 322, 349, 350, 355, 365, 367
    • Baghdad Pact, 439–440
    • British position, 367, 368n
    • Hejaz Railway, 349
    • Syria, 525, 656, 658, 671–673
  • Israel, relations with, 119, 269, 318, 333, 365, 424–425, 434
  • Jordan, relations with, 2, 103–104, 133n , 158
    • British position, 20–21, 24, 99, 313, 333
    • Partition of, possible, 25, 29, 38, 69
    • Saudi intervention, possible, 93–95, 108, 123
    • Syrian crisis, 638, 699n
    • U.S. position, 69–70, 102n , 164, 318–319
  • Jordanian economic aid to, 76–77, 79
  • Lebanon, relations with, 508
  • Middle East regional defense, 309
  • Muscat and Oman, relations with, 223–225, 227, 229, 232–236, 244
  • Oil industry, 258, 264–267, 323–324, 328–330, 348, 405, 432, 503–505
    • Israel boycott demand, 264–267, 271–272
    • Labor problems, 310
    • Onassis agreement, 249–252, 259
    • Revenues from, 293, 319, 321, 332–334, 337, 347–348, 492, 549
    • Syrian refinery construction, 588–589
    • U.S. interests, 309, 320, 375–377
  • Persian Gulf sheikdoms, relations with, 245, 309
  • Political situation, 349, 332–333, 350n , 378–379
  • Riyadh–Medina railroad, 457, 460–461
  • Saud visit to the United States, 326, 374–375, 386, 405–408, 413–415
    • Dulles talks, 431–444
    • Economic talks, 456–462
    • Eisenhower talks, 417–430, 445–449, 481–486
    • General talks, 468–469, 472–477, 612
    • Military aid talks, 433–435, 449–453, 462–466, 470–472
  • Soviet bloc military aid to, 473
  • Soviet military aid to, 267–270, 272–274, 282, 312, 353, 365, 424, 477n , 750–751
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 224, 262–264, 267, 269–270, 272, 304, 313–314, 427
  • Syria, relations with, 21, 313, 349, 473, 500, 516n , 517, 526–528, 530, 536, 549, 553, 555, 572, 580, 588–589, 592
  • Tiran Straits shipping, 116, 119
  • Turkey, relations with, 440
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 20–21, 24, 41n , 99, 313–314, 321–322, 321, 328, 333, 408–409
    • Aden arms distribution, 363–364
    • Anti–British activities, 363–364, 366
    • Boundary disputes, 309, 329–330, 412, 487
    • Locust Mission, 363–364
    • Suez Canal crisis, 403, 475
    • U.S. military aid to Saudi Arabia, 424–425
    • U.S. position, 230–231, 245, 314–315, 317n , 412–413, 474–475, 502
  • U.N. voting record, 578
  • United States, relations with (see also Arabian–American Oil Company), 39, 41n
    • Aqaba, Gulf of, 490–492, 508–509
    • Arab–Israeli dispute, 257, 300
    • Baghdad Pact, 251, 253–254, 258–259, 303n , 439–440
    • Buraimi dispute, 252–253, 287–288, 295, 300, 303, 312n , 325, 328, 351, 355–356, 436–437, 475
    • Communism, 261–262, 489–490, 492–493, 507, 688
    • Egyptian–Czech arms deal, 278
    • Eisenhower Doctrine, 418–419, 422, 489–490
    • Farsi and Arabi Islands, 472–473
    • Hejaz Railway, 369, 373
    • Iraq, U.S. military aid to, 253
    • Israel boycott demand, 264–267, 271–272
    • Jews, discrimination against, 361–362, 393–395, 474
    • Joint communiqué, 481–486, 492–493
    • Jordan, 71, 111–112, 163
    • Oil industry, 432
    • Press coverage, 262
    • Saudi position, 269, 298, 353
    • Suez canal, 403, 419–420
    • Syrian crisis, 612–613, 645–646, 659–660, 727
    • U.S. investments, 309
    • U.S. personnel, 474
  • U.S.–British relations, 293, 305, 348, 388–389, 444–445
  • U.S. economic aid to (see also Dhahran Airfield above), 269–271, 273, 275–277, 425–426, 464
    • Broadcasting stations, 460–461
    • Dammam Port, 465, 469n , 480, 488, 493–494, 495–496
    • Dulles memorandum, 480
    • Exchange of notes, 488
    • Export–Import loans, 255, 446, 457, 480
    • Point IV, 258, 270, 276, 436
    • Riyadh–Jidda Railroad, 254–255, 257, 300
    • Saud talks, 435–436
    • Saudi economic situation, 252, 258, 270
    • U.S.–Saudi talks, 456–461
    • Weather service, 399n
  • U.S.–Iraqi relations, 253
  • U.S. military aid to, 265–266, 296, 300, 303n , 365–366, 370–371, 374, 386, 387n , 397–399, 402, 661, 714
    • Amount of, 401, 415–416, 455, 467, 479
    • Arab–Israeli dispute, 269, 356, 434, 462–463
    • British position, 259–260
    • Defense Department position, 415–416, 453–455, 466–467
    • Deliveries, 501–502
    • Dulles memorandum, 477–479
    • Exchange of notes, 488
    • Five–year plan, 296–299, 301n , 345, 356–358, 360–361, 371, 390–391
    • Grant aid, 270–271, 273, 275–277, 297–298, 306, 373, 390, 400, 410, 454, 464–465, 467, 472
    • ICA funds, 416, 455
    • Israeli position, 337, 649
    • Joint Chiefs of Staff position, 344–347, 415
    • Joint communiqué, 483
    • Jordanian position, 165
    • Lebanese position, 171
    • Military Assistance Advisory Group, 265, 268, 299, 301n , 325–326, 401, 411, 433
    • Public relations, 341–343
    • Reimbursable aid, 276, 297–299, 344–345, 395, 400–401, 450, 454, 478
    • Saudi–British relations, 424–425
    • Saudi economic situation, 270
    • Saudi–Egyptian relations, 415
    • Saudi position, 269, 279, 294n , 353, 406n , 407n , 409, 433–435, 451, 465, 470–472
    • And Soviet military aid, 267
    • And Syrian crisis, 661, 664, 714
    • Training programs, 254–255, 265–266, 346, 360, 410–411, 416, 450–455, 462, 466, 479, 488
    • U.S. influence, 255
    • U.S.–Israeli relations, 253, 360n
    • U.S. military aid to Lebanon, 194, 199
    • U.S. position, 277, 279–280, 326–327, 372, 453–455, 464–467, 471
    • U.S. public opinion, 185n , 186n
    • U.S.–Saudi talks, 450–453, 462–463
  • Yemen, relations with, 363
• Saudi Arabian Airlines, 751
• Schlatter, Brig. Gen. George F., 267n , 287–288, 300
• Schow, Maj. Gen. Robert A., 102
• Schwinn, Walter K., 226, 727
• Seager, Cedric, 140–143, 449, 456
• Selo, Fawzi, 579
• al–Shabandar, Moussa, 520, 521n , 613n
• Shakhbut ibn Sultan, Shaikh, 252n , 274, 392–393
• al–Shami, Sayyid, 773n
• Sharabi, Hisham, 538
• Shaw, John F., 143n , 154n , 456, 570–571, 583n , 589n , 614n
• Shell Company, 571
• Shepilov, Dimitri T., 574, 578
• Shepley, Col. Phillip, 359, 661n
• Sherwood, Robert K., 449, 503
• Shiloah, Reuven, 104–105, 119–122, 662–663
• al–Shishakli, Adib, 514, 527, 531, 534, 536–564, 579–581, 604, 611
• Shuckburgh, Charles Arthur Evelyn, 5, 20–22, 26, 301n , 327, 331, 567
  • Saudi Arabia, 305, 308, 314–319, 322, 326, 329, 332, 340–341, 364, 366–368
  • U.S.–British talks, 182, 303, 304n , 366–368
• Shuqayr, Gen. Shawkat, 91, 523n , 525, 535–536, 540–541, 546n , 547, 554, 558, 563, 566
• Simonson, Joseph, 755–761
• Sinai, 166, 403, 614
• Sixth Fleet deployment:
  • Jordan, 108, 112, 114, 117, 122
  • Syrian crisis, 649, 657, 665, 693, 695, 697, 699, 707, 733–734
• Smith, Gerard C., 510, 659, 730
• Socony Mobil (see also Arabian–American Oil Comapny), 250, 264–267, 271n , 272
• Solh, Sami, 178, 192, 194, 196, 198n , 210–211, 662n , 711
• Somaliland, 753
• Soviet Union (see also Soviet Union and Soviet, Communism, and Communist subheadings under other subjects):
  • And Arab nationalism, 487
  • British policy toward, 224
  • ESS Pact, 41, 313
  • Foreign policy, 686–687, 706–708
  • Hungary, 60
  • Military expenditures, 471
  • Pakistan, relations with, 440
  • Saudi position, 500
  • Turkey, relations with, 700, 706, 708, 711
  • United States, relations with:
    • Gromyko statement, 702, 706–707
    • Khrushchev letter, Sept. 1957, 687, 689
  • U.S. policy toward, 224
• Soysal, Ismail, 517n
• Spaak, Paul–Henri, 706
• Spain, 381, 400
• Special National Intelligence Estimates:
  • SNIE 36.7–56, 601–605
  • SNIE 36.7–57, 674–680, 702
• Staats, Elmer B., 530n
• Standard Oil Company, 271n , 321, 331, 337, 571, 582–585, 769–770
• Stassen, Harold E., 334
• Stevens, Eli, 294–295, 449
• Stevenson, Col. Hugh, 537n
• Stoltzfus, William A., Jr., 431, 445n , 449, 463n , 468, 481
• Stone, Howard E., 633
• Straits of Tiran. See Tiran Straits.
• Strong, Robert C., 626n , 633n , 639, 718–719, 735, 746n
• Sturgill, Robert G., 472n
• Sudan, 669
• Suedi, Tewfik, 671, 673
• Suez Canal:
  • Israeli use of, 121, 204, 428–429
  • Western use of, 603
• Suez Canal crisis, 68, 108, 120, 420
  • Arab nationalism, 84, 487
  • British–Jordanian relations, 6, 68
  • British–Saudi relations, 403, 475
  • Egyptian position, 401, 668
  • French–Saudi relations, 475
  • Aqaba, Gulf of, 498
  • Jordanian reactions to, 84
  • Lebanese position, 193, 197
  • Oil industry, 403, 419, 607, 707
  • Syrian reactions to, 593–594, 601
  • U.N. role, 62, 78, 121, 204–205, 405n , 420, 441, 593–594
  • U.S. position, 49–50, 75, 167, 204, 419–420, 441
  • U.S. role, 146, 401, 408, 668
  • U.S.–Saudi relations, 403
• Suhrawardy, Hussain, 152–154
• Sukarno, Ahmad, 261–262
• Sullivan, Charles A., 359
• Sultan, Prince, 491, 494
• Surur, Muhammed Shaikh, 387, 417, 431, 436, 456–461, 468–470, 477, 481, 491, 494
• Sweden, 174, 247
• Sweeney, Lt. Col. James L., 27
• Switzerland, 174
• Symmes, Harrison M., 487n
• Syria (see also Arab States; Egyptian–Syrian–Saudi (ESS) Pact; Syrian crisis; Syria and Syrian subheadings under other subjects):
  • Alexandretta, 528
  • Anti–Western orientation, 513, 526, 553, 555, 563, 576
  • Aqaba, Gulf of, 624
  • Arab nationalism in, 442, 525, 592, 622–623, 628–630
  • Arab Socialist Resurrection Party, 516n , 519, 525–526, 530–534, 535, 554, 576, 581, 592, 602, 676–677, 679, 745
  • Baghdad Pact, 5, 514–518, 528–529, 536, 568, 620, 630, 679, 734
  • Bulgaria, relations with, 577
  • Chinese People’s Republic economic aid to, 577
  • Communist influence in, 442, 500, 513, 525–526, 536, 538–539, 545
    • Egyptian position, 744–746
    • Iraqi position, 543–544
    • Jordanian position, 123
    • Lebanese position, 203, 206, 525
    • Saudi position, 261n , 442–443
    • Syrian position, 553, 555, 609
  • Czech military and economic aid to, 541, 558, 566, 576–577, 614–617
  • Economic self–sufficiency, 513, 535
  • Egypt, relations with, 145, 508, 525, 566, 577, 580, 593–595
  • ESS Pact, 520n , 523n , 527, 566
  • France, relations with, 541, 593, 604–605
  • Hejaz Railway, 310n , 577
  • IBRD loans, 571–572, 665
  • IPC pipeline, 548–549, 558–559, 570, 685
    • Sabotage, 504, 543, 594–595, 599–600, 607–608, 610–612, 614, 652, 703, 707, 709
    • U.S. aid to Iraq, 692, 695, 696n
  • Iraq, relations with, 21, 349, 516, 519, 521, 525, 528–529, 536, 548, 575, 588–589, 592, 611–612, 656, 671–673
    • Union proposal, 529, 545–546, 679
  • Iraqi intervention, possible, 520–522, 523n , 528, 544–545, 548–549, 556, 568, 604–607, 610–613
  • Israel, relations with, 525, 536
    • Immigration policy, 620, 623, 631
  • Israeli attack on, Dec. 1955, 560, 569
  • Israeli intervention, possible, 604–607
  • Jordan, relations with, 11, 25, 68–69, 78–79, 89, 146
    • Defense pact, 59, 593–594
    • Jordanian partition, possible, 610
    • Syrian intervention, possible, 91, 93, 95, 105, 107, 110, 115–116, 594, 617, 631
    • Syrian political intrigue, 100–101, 104, 108, 111, 113, 122–123, 156, 158–162, 617, 631, 742
  • Lebanon, relations with, 177n , 178, 183, 186, 210–211, 709
  • Middle East regional defense, 309
  • Military capabilities, 433–434, 532–533
  • Neutralism, 177n , 513, 515, 519, 535, 561, 568, 575, 578, 630, 678, 719, 736
  • Oil industry (see also IPC pipeline above), 349, 611–612
    • Aramco, 585, 600, 652
    • Refinery construction, 570–571, 577, 582–586, 588–593, 614–617
    • TAPLINE, 599
  • Operations Coordinating Board analysis, 530–537
  • Political situation (see also Syrian crisis and Arab Socialist Resurrectionist Party and Communist influence above):
    • Army role, 522, 523n , 525, 531, 533, 563, 575–576, 581, 602, 735
    • Baghdad Pact, 515, 524, 536
    • British position, 521n , 544n , 601–602
    • CFI, 526
    • Communist Party, 513, 525–526, 530–534, 554, 575, 592, 602, 676
    • Egyptian intrigue, 516n , 517, 526–528, 530, 536, 553, 555, 563, 572, 592, 634
    • ESS Pact, 520n , 523n , 527
    • French position, 516n , 517, 526–528, 530, 536, 553, 555, 601–602, 605
    • Iraqi position, 527, 530, 549, 552, 555, 569–570, 601–602
    • Israeli position, 601–602
    • “Little RCC,” 576, 602, 676–677, 679
    • Malki assassination, 523–525, 527, 537–538, 630
    • Minorities, 535
    • Nationalist Party, 514, 528, 554, 602, 677
    • Partisans of Peace, 532
    • Populist Party, 514, 528, 554, 602, 677
    • Quwatli government, 541, 553–554
    • Revolutionary Command Council, 576
    • Shishakli, role of, 579–581
    • Soviet intrigue, 516n , 530
    • Soviet–Turkish relations, 706, 708
    • Special National Intelligence
    • Estimate, 675–680
    • Syrian position, 742
    • Syrian Social National Party, 523–524, 527, 531, 537–538, 563–565, 581, 677
    • Turkish position, 591, 593n , 601–602, 606
    • U.S. position, 519–520, 522
    • U.S. role. See U.S. plot accusations and U.S. propaganda under United States, relations with below.
    • U.S.–Saudi discussions, 612–613
  • Riyadh–Medina Railraod, 460
  • Rumania, relations with, 578
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 21, 313, 349, 473, 500, 516n , 517, 526–528, 530, 536, 549, 553, 555, 572, 580, 588–589, 592
  • Soviet bloc military and economic aid to, 124, 546–547, 582–585, 588–589, 593, 604, 677–678
  • Soviet economic aid to, 577, 679, 709
  • Soviet influence in (see also Syrian crisis), 516–, 530, 535, 540, 561, 602, 605, 618–619
    • Lebanese position, 209
  • Soviet military aid to, 420, 541, 546, 552, 557–558, 576–577, 598, 606, 660, 733
    • Egyptian position, 665
    • Israeli position, 649
    • Publicity, 736
    • Saudi position, 442
    • Soviet military aid to Yemen, 766–767
    • Turkish position, 638
    • U.S. position, 596–597, 631, 708
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 157, 160, 243, 536, 555, 567, 601–604, 660, 713
    • Arab–Israeli dispute, 677
    • Exchange of persons, 577–578
    • Oil supplying, 599–600
    • Public opinion, 576
    • Saudi position, 427, 505–506
    • Shepilov visit, 574n , 578
    • Soviet policy in the United Nations, 514
    • U.S. position, 505, 675, 677–680, 707–709, 735–736
  • Taurus Railway, 528
  • Turkey, relations with, 21, 517n , 604–607
  • United Kingdom, relations with:
    • Baghdad Pact, 630
    • Oil refinery construction, 583–584, 588–590, 615–617
    • Possible intervention, 604–605
    • Suez Canal crisis, 593
  • U.N. voting record, 575, 578
  • United States, relations with, 441, 529n , 545, 596, 632–633
    • Algeria, 624–625
    • Aqaba, Gulf of, 624
    • Arab–Israeli dispute, 535, 538, 568, 620, 623
    • Arab nationalism, 622–623, 628–630
    • Baghdad Pact, 516–518, 528–529, 536, 568, 630
    • Cultural exchanges, 634, 737
    • Diplomatic relations, 743–744
    • ESS Pact, 526
    • Eisenhower Doctrine, 620–622, 624, 627–628, 631, 646, 650–651, 692–693, 695, 697–699, 713, 741–744
    • Exchange program, 535
    • IPC pipeline sabotage, 594–595, 599–600, 607–608
    • Israel, 527–528, 536, 555–557, 568
    • Richards Mission, 622
    • State visit proposal, 429
    • Suez Canal crisis, 594
    • Syrian memorandum, 626–632
    • U.S. plot accusations, 523–524, 527, 537–538, 564, 581, 633–634, 636–637, 642, 675
    • U.S. propaganda, 528, 535, 660, 709, 715–717
    • U.S.–Syrian discussions, 614–625
    • Zionism, 586–588
  • U.S. banks in, 572
  • U.S.–British discussions, 567
  • U.S. economic aid to, 527, 534–535, 619, 624
    • Export–Import Bank loans, 570–572
    • Oil refinery construction, 582–586, 590, 592–593, 615–617
    • Passenger planes, 573–574
    • Refusal of, 514
    • Syrian crisis, 736–737
  • U.S. military aid to, 516, 527, 540–543, 546–547, 550–551, 556, 559–560, 566, 660–661
    • Conditions for, 476–477
    • ESS Pact, 559
    • Iraqi position, 552–553
    • Soviet military aid, 552, 553n , 557–558
    • U.S. public opinion, 569
  • U.S. policy toward, 243, 556–558, 562, 598, 618
  • U.S.–Turkish relations, 591–593
  • Yemen, relations with, 763
• Syrian Airways, 573
• Syrian crisis:
  • Arab States position, 646, 652, 654, 656–657, 669, 690, 706, 708, 715–716
  • Arab States response, 656, 678–679, 686
    • U.S. position, 688, 699, 710, 718–719, 735
  • Bizri takeover, 639–640, 676
  • British response, 688
  • Egyptian position, 662, 664–666
  • Egyptian response, 744–747
  • Egyptian role in, 713
  • Iraqi–Jordanian relations, 672–673, 683, 685–686, 696n
  • Iraqi position, 643, 650, 669
  • Iraqi response, 638, 658, 664, 669–672, 685, 710
    • Lebanese position, 712
    • Turkish position, 658, 673
  • Iraqi–Saudi relations, 656, 658, 671–673
  • Israeli response, 644n , 648, 662–663, 669, 710, 737
    • Jordanian position, 655
    • Turkish position, 657
    • U.S. position, 641, 649, 655, 686, 690, 692, 695, 697, 699, 710, 716, 718, 737
  • Jordanian response, 638, 654, 669, 699n , 710
    • Turkish position, 658
  • Lebanese response, 243, 638, 710–713
  • Lebanon, effects on, 685, 692, 708, 713
  • Oil industry, effects on, 666, 679, 685, 692, 695, 696n , 703, 707, 709
  • Saudi–Jordanian relations, 638, 699n
  • Saudi response, 638–639, 655, 659–660
  • Soviet response, 700, 702, 704–708, 711, 713, 720, 732
  • State Department communications
  • systems, 651
  • Turkish–Iraqi discussions, 638, 642–644
  • Turkish military maneuvers, 733–734
    • Arab States position, 731
    • Egyptian position, 728–729, 738–739
    • Saudi mediation offer, 724–728, 730–731
    • Soviet position, 706–708, 711
    • Syrian U.N. complaint, 720–725, 738–740
    • U.S. position, 733–734, 736
  • Turkish response, 650, 657, 669, 706, 708, 710
    • Arab States position, 672
    • Jordanian position, 655
    • U.S. position, 670, 672, 678–679, 692–693, 710, 732
  • And U.N. Charter, 692, 694–695, 698
  • U.N. role, 643, 657, 704–705, 711
  • U.S.–British cooperation, 243–244, 648, 670n , 681–682, 684, 686, 693, 695, 697, 717n
  • U.S. Embassy harassment, 633–634, 741
  • U.S.–Iraqi relations, 647, 658, 683, 694–696, 700–701
  • U.S.–Israeli relations, 646–650, 662–663, 690–691
  • U.S.–Jordanian relations, 654–656, 698–699
  • U.S.–Lebanese relations, 696–697, 710–714
  • U.S. military and economic aid to the Arab States:
    • Iran, 715
    • Iraq, 661, 664, 694–695, 700–701, 714, 733
    • Jordan, 654, 661, 664, 714, 733–734
    • Lebanon, 638, 697, 733
    • Saudi Arabia, 661, 664, 714
    • Turkey, 650–651, 692, 700–701, 707, 715
  • U.S. responses, 633–637, 640–642, 646, 652–653, 657–658, 674–681, 687–689, 707–709, 718–719, 735–737
    • Economic aid to Iraq, 692, 695, 696n
    • Egyptian position, 665–666
    • Eisenhower Doctrine, 650–651, 689n , 692–693, 695, 698–699, 713, 716–717
    • Iraqi position, 672
    • Israeli position, 648–649, 662
    • Lebanese position, 712
    • Propaganda, 660, 709, 715–717, 719
    • Sixth Fleet deployment, 649, 657, 665, 693, 695, 697, 699, 707, 733–734
    • Turkish position, 643–644, 672
  • U.S.–Saudi relations, 612–613, 645–646, 659–660
  • U.S.–Syrian relations, 740–744
  • U.S.–Turkish relations, 647, 650, 658, 684, 691–693, 700–701, 723–724
  • Western response to, 708–709
• Syrian–Egyptian–Jordanian Defense Pact, 593
• Syrian Oil Refining and Distribution Company, 571
• Taiwan, 244, 598
• Taiwan Resolution, 245
• Talbott, Harold E., 259, 260n
• Talhouni, Raisdiwan, 26
• Talib ibn Ali, 229, 234–235, 449
• TAPLINE. See Trans–Arabian Pipeline.
• Tarazi, Salah al–Din, 633n
• al–Tariqi, Abdallah, 503–504
• Tassan, Maj. Gen. Ibrahim, 449
• Templer, Gerald, 7–9, 20, 57, 105
• Templer Mission, 7–8, 20, 105
• Theotokis, Spiros, 366
• Timmons, Benson E.L., 334, 734
• Tiran and Sanafir Islands, 438, 444
• Tiran Straits, 26, 116, 119–121, 499n
• Tomeh, George, 740
• Trans–Arabian Pipeline (TAPLINE), 71, 180, 503n , 504, 585, 599
• Transworld Airlines (TWA), 382
• Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between the United Kingdom, India, and Yemen, 1934, 766
• Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between the United States and Yemen, 1946, 768
• Trevelyan, Humphrey, 18
• Trucial State, 280, 304, 487
• Truman, Harry S., 270, 305–307, 333
• Tunisia, 629, 656
• Tunner, Gen. William H., 352, 406n
• Turkey, 157, 440, 603
  • Iraq, relations with, 21, 549, 638, 642–644
  • Israel, relations with, 440
  • Jordan, 89, 117
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 440
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 700, 706, 708, 711
  • Syria, relations with (see also Syrian crisis), 21, 517n , 604–607
  • United States, relations with, 117, 707
    • Syria, 591–593, 647, 650, 658, 684, 691–693, 700–701, 707, 723–724
  • U.S. forces in, 108
  • U.S. military aid to, 356, 434, 650–651, 692, 700–701, 707, 715
• Turko–Iraqi Pact. See Baghdad Pact.
• Twining, Gen. Nathan F., 680, 685–686, 688, 734n
• Tyler, William R., 605, 740n
• Ujeimy, Adil, 539n
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union.
• United Kingdom (see also Arab Legion; Buraimi dispute; United Kingdom and British subheadings under other subjects):
  • Aramco, relations with, 284, 749
  • Disputed Territory, 749
  • Kuwait, relations with, 169, 487
  • Oil industry, 323, 328, 496–497
  • Pakistan, military aid to, 4
  • United States, relations with, 139, 149, 182n , 207, 366–368, 496–497, 659, 770
    • Arabian Peninsula, 510–512
    • China, People’s Republic of, 329
    • Egypt, 567
    • Jordan, 80, 86–88, 93–94, 139, 149–152, 154–155
    • Muscat and Oman, 222–223, 228–231, 236, 238–240, 243–246
    • Oil industry, 226n , 227n , 230–231
    • Saudi Arabia, 293, 305, 348, 388–389, 444–445
    • Syria, 648, 681–682, 684, 686, 720–722, 730–733
  • Yemen, relations with, 309, 770
• United Nations:
  • Aqaba, Gulf of, 624
  • Arab–Israeli dispute, 14n , 40, 46, 204–205, 270n , 560, 578n , 623
  • Buraimi dispute, 286–287, 292, 294–295, 302, 304
    • British position, 308, 323, 336
    • Saudi position, 222, 305, 364
    • U.S. position, 282, 307–308, 315–316, 319–320, 324, 339–340
  • Egypt, 60–61, 75, 578
  • Hungary, 687
  • Iraq, 578
  • Jordan, 38, 60–61, 72, 93, 105, 113, 167
    • Economic aid to, 7, 13, 38–39, 66, 80
  • Lebanon, 193, 578
  • Middle East, 60–61, 221, 631
  • Middle East emergency force, 200–201
  • Military aid resolution, 462–463
  • Muscat and Oman, 237–242, 244–248
  • Saudi Arabia, 29, 366
  • Soviet vetoes in, 526
  • Suez Canal crisis, 62, 78, 121, 204–205, 405n , 420, 441, 593–594
  • Syria, 548, 575, 578, 711, 720–725, 738–740
  • Syrian crisis, 643, 657, 692, 694–695, 698, 704–705, 711
  • U.S. role in, 204
• U.N. Charter, 40, 105, 521, 630–631, 692, 694–695, 698
• United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine and the Near East (UNRWA), 7, 13, 37–39, 66, 80, 171n
• U.S. Geological Survey, 771
• U.S. Information Agency, 38–39, 535, 537n , 715
• Universal Oil Products, 583
• Van Dusen, William, 503
• Vatican, 713
• Vietnam, 485
• Villard, Henry S., 530n
• Voice of America, 528n
• Wadsworth, George E., 278n , 417, 431, 445, 456, 468, 481
  • Aqaba, Gulf of, 489–491
  • Buraimi dispute, 286–288, 294–295, 302–303, 305, 307n , 321n , 354–356
  • Dhahran Airfield, 260n , 306n , 368–369, 373–374, 379, 380n , 382, 385–387, 389, 391n , 392n , 395–396
    • Counter–proposal, 291n , 396n , 399–403
  • Jordan, 79, 112n
  • Palestine, 407
  • Saudi Arabia, 252–253, 255n , 261–263, 325–327, 351–354, 372, 474, 500
    • Iran, relations with, 437
    • Iraq, relations with, 322, 350n
    • Oil industry, 266n
    • Richards Mission, 494
    • Saud visit to the United States, 374–375, 405, 413
    • Soviet Union, relations with, 269–271
    • United Kingdom, relations with, 335, 338n , 340, 341n , 355
    • U.S. economic aid to, 310–312, 458–461, 494n , 496n
    • U.S. military aid to, 259n , 267n , 276n , 297–301, 343n , 356–358, 359–361, 370–371, 408–410, 433, 450, 452–453, 462, 470
  • Syria, 638–639
  • U.S.–Egyptian relations, 378n
  • U.S.–Turkish relations, 722
  • Yemen, 748–751, 753, 758–759, 762–764, 766n , 767n , 769, 771, 773n
• Waggoner, Edward L., 192n , 195n , 199n , 217n , 220n , 568n , 619n , 632n , 637n , 735n
• Wagner, Robert, 413–414
• Walid, Khalid Bey, 282–283, 373, 431
• Walmesley, Walter N., 723n , 725–726, 738
• Warren, Fletcher, 117, 591, 593n , 617, 704–705, 723n , 724n
  • Syrian crisis, 636, 642–644, 647, 653, 656–658, 670, 673, 684, 694, 696n
• Welk, William, 456, 570–572
• West Bank, 9–10, 15n , 25, 38, 74, 91, 102, 105–106, 120
• Western Europe, 309, 405
• Western Protectorate, 487
• Wheelus Field Agreement, 307, 346
• Whisenand, Brig. Gen. James, 685
• Whitney, John Hay, 159, 228–230, 232–233, 510, 721n , 730
• Wiens, Henry W., 765n , 771n
• Wilcox, Francis O., 334, 727n
• Wiley, Alexander, 635
• Wilkins, Fraser, 37n , 44n , 57, 76n , 106n , 147n , 184n , 199n , 200, 204n , 222n , 267n , 271n , 272n , 285n , 290, 291n , 305n , 317, 340, 378n , 389n , 454n , 468, 472n , 542n , 545n , 546n , 551n , 557n , 565n , 569n , 579n , 588n , 591n , 607n , 612n , 752n
  • Buraimi dispute, 289n
  • Jordan, 8–9, 34–35, 80–81
  • Saudi Arabia, 289n , 301n , 354n
  • Syria, 563n , 573n
  • Yemen, 751n , 752–754
• Williams, Murat W., 591n
• Wilson, Charles E., 383, 416
• Wilson, Evan M., 449
• Wilson, James M., 359, 381n , 411n
• Wisner, Frank G., 640, 685
• Withers, Charles D., 154n
• World Bank. See International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
• World Economic Council, 446
• Wright, Michael Robert, 520n
• Yacoub, Adil, 539
• Yasin, Yusuf Shaikh, 255, 274–275, 311, 352, 417, 431,