Index

Editor’s Note: In the index, annotation, and documents of this volume the spelling of Chinese names follows the Wade-Giles system of transliteration, according to contemporary usage.

• Acheson, Dean, 22
• Adenauer, Konrad, 254
• Aldrich, Winthrop W., 200–202, 212–213, 218–219, 265, 291–292, 518–519, 645–646, 653–655
• Ali, Mohammed, 525, 532, 554–555, 591–593
• Allen, George V., 622–626, 631–637
• Allison, John M., 12–13
• Anderson, Rear Adm. George W., 250
• Anderson, Robert B., 505–506
• Arends, Leslie G., 58, 67
• Asian-African Conference. See Bandung Conference.
• Atomic weapons, possible use of, 86–90, 137, 165, 225n, 336–338, 349, 355–357, 370, 379, 410, 459, 510, 513, 587, 595
  • European treaties, effect on, 358–359
  • Formosa, 495
  • JCS position, 400, 408, 410
  • Limited supply, 413, 426
  • Propaganda value to People’s Republic of China, 426
  • Public opinion re, 347, 433
• Attlee, Clement, 138
• Australia:
  • China, People’s Republic of, 535–536
  • China area, objectives re, 371–372, 477
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, U.S. objectives in, 262–265
  • Formosa, defense of, 370–371, 477–478
• Bandung Conference, 340, 455, 498, 554–557
  • Cease-fire proposal, 453–454, 455n, 464n, 466, 475–476
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • Objectives in, 464, 466–467, 475–476, 520, 536, 601
    • United States, relations with, 507–509, 534n–535n, 581–583, 596
    • U.S. nationals imprisoned in, 394–395, 507–509, 581–583
  • Chou En-lai’s report, 566n
  • U.S. objectives in, 453–454
• Barbour, Walworth, 681
• Barnes, Robert G., 655–656
• Belaúnde, Victor A., 228
• Bell, James D., 463–464
• Berlin Conference of Foreign Ministers (1954), 535n
• Bevan, Aneurin, 138
• Bissell, Richard M., Jr., 412, 414
• Bohlen, Charles E., 99, 114–115, 147–149, 158–159, 177–178, 210–212, 217–218, 248, 289–291, 314, 351, 587–588, 673–674
• Bowie, Robert R., 52, 238–240, 354, 410–411, 413, 473–475
• Bradshaw, Wilda, 435
• Brownell, Herbert, Jr., 92
• Bulganin, Nikolai Alexandrovich, 289, 329, 670–671
• Burma, 135–136, 352, 616–622, 629
• Butterworth, W. Walton, 562, 649–650
• Byrd, Harry Flood, 67
• Byroade, Henry A., 644–645
• Cambodia, 651–652, 380n
• Canada, 384, 416n
• Carney, Adm. Robert B., 9–11, 20, 104–105, 142, 151, 216, 217n, 250, 329, 358, 504
• Casey, Richard G., 313
• Central Intelligence Agency (see also National Intelligence Estimates), 349
  • China, People’s Republic of, military situation, 616–618
  • China, Republic of, subversion issue, 381–384
  • “Reactions to Certain Possible U.S. Courses of Action with Respect to the Islands off the Coast of China,” 90, 125
  • Report on Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, 199
  • Report on Tachen Islands, 69–70
  • Report on U.S. security, 17–18
  • “Review of Current Communist Attitudes Toward General War,” 273–276
  • “Significant World Developments Affecting U.S. Security”, 135–136
  • Soviet military assistance to People’s Republic of China, 682
• Ceylon, 498n
• Chang Han-fu, 676–677
• Chase, Maj. Gen. William C., 18, 26, 41, 161–162, 388–389, 465–466, 490–491, 615–616
• Chiang Ching-kuo, 288, 369, 485
• Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo, 255–256, 482
  • Cease-fire, opposition to, 112–113
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • Estimate of objectives of, 541
    • Objectives in, 323–324, 530
  • Military situation, 541, 615–616, 628n
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, 166–168, 473–475
    • Quemoy–Matsu evacuation proposal, 155, 509, 511–517, 521, 524–525
    • Tachen Islands, 46, 61, 70, 96–107, 109, 155, 160, 220
  • Morale issue, 155, 511–514
  • United States, relations with, 185–187, 216, 513–514, 530–531
  • Retirement, 488–489
  • Two-Chinas issue, 326
  • U.S. military assistance, 324–325, 333
    • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, 169–172, 174, 194–195
    • First strike issue, 561–562, 603
  • Western opinion of, 560–561
• Chiang Kai-shek, Madame, 113
• China, People’s Republic of, 17–18, 24, 200
  • Aerial reconnaissance of, 438–439, 489–490
  • Air attacks on, 200
  • Ambassadorial talks with the United States. See United States: Possible talks with, below.
  • Bandung Conference, 453
  • Blockade of, proposed, 371–372, 386, 412, 500, 503–506, 513, 515, 529–531, 559n
  • Cease-fire, unofficial, 319–320
  • Cease-fire proposals, 525–526, 531–533, 558, 620
  • China, Republic of:
    • Infiltration of, 381–384
    • Mutual Defense Treaty with the United States, 224n
    • Relations with, 224n, 308, 418n, 582, 620
    • Risk of war with, 346, 348–349, 426
    • U.K. position, 338–339
  • China area, objectives in, 224n, 267, 566, 688–689
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands:
    • Attacks on, 83, 90n, 116
    • Objectives in, 93–94, 239, 284–285, 377, 378n, 390
  • Diplomatic channels, 532–534, 655
  • Economic and trade sanctions against, 2–5
  • Economic situation, 134, 456, 483
  • Future of, 253, 255, 258, 606–607
  • India, relations with, 498
  • Kashmir Princess incident, 98–99, 519n, 525
  • Military situation, 377
    • Air bases, 465–466, 472–473, 490, 493–494, 616–618
    • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, 156, 250, 300, 315, 342–343, 357–358, 367, 370–371, 386, 398–399
    • Submarines, 61
    • U.S. position, 402–403, 510–511
  • Objectives of, 56–57, 116, 119, 199, 237, 274–275, 288, 341, 352–353, 376–377, 399, 410, 425–426, 433, 514–515, 540, 572–573
  • Political situation, 456
  • Radar coverage of coastline, 500
  • Soviet Union:
    • Economic assistance, 290–291, 391, 670–671
    • Military assistance, 14, 378, 379n, 426, 478, 563–565, 616–618, 682
    • Relations with, 148, 537
  • Students detained in the United States (see also under U.S. nationals imprisoned in below), 435–438, 442–443, 467–470, 518n–519n, 574, 584, 588, 589n, 613–615, 653–654, 656–658
  • Taiwan, statement of objectives in, 566
  • United Nations:
    • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, role in, 120, 132, 202–203, 210, 212–213, 266–267, 287, 688
    • New Zealand initiative, 266–267
    • U.S. nationals imprisoned in, resolution re, 102, 296–297
  • United States (see also U.S. subheadings below):
    • Possible talks with, 231–233, 531–534, 554–558, 562, 571–572, 619–622, 638, 659, 660–661, 666–668, 677–678, 681, 683–689
      • China, Republic of, position, 236, 546–549, 682–685
      • Evaluation of, 650, 653–654
      • U.K. role in, 640–642, 643–644
    • Relations with, 202–203, 291–292, 507–509, 532–533, 581–583, 591–593, 664–666
    • Risk of war with, 75–77, 119, 127n–128n, 151, 246, 274–275, 393, 412, 425, 595–596
  • U.S. defense policy, 7–8, 157–158, 165, 352–353, 357–360, 378, 385, 390, 413–415, 438–439, 465–466, 472–473, 569, 573n–574n, 592, 632
  • U.S. missionaries in, 648
  • U.S. nationals imprisoned in, 6–8, 12, 26–30, 35, 55–56, 149–151, 201, 435, 437–438, 441, 467–469, 570–571, 618, 637n, 678
    • Bandung Conference effect on, 394–395
    • Chou’s proposal, 36–37
    • Commissioners exchange, 627–628
    • Families of, visitation issue, 149–151, 317–318, 577, 586, 587n, 598–599
    • Fishermen, repatriation of, 270
    • Fliers, 545, 575–576, 579–580, 584–585, 588–589, 613–614
    • Media coverage of, 44–45
    • Negotiations re (see also Possible talks with under United States above), 316–318, 543–545, 583–585, 592–593, 601, 603–604
      • Hammarskjöld’s role in, 518–519, 586–587
      • Intermediaries issue, 545, 622–626, 630–631
      • Korean Armistice, effect on, 598–599, 637n
    • Red Cross delivery of parcels, 470, 613
    • Students detained in the United States, effect on, 393, 442–443, 590n, 604, 613–614, 650, 656–658, 664–665, 686
    • Tachen Islands evacuation, effect on, 46, 61, 160
    • U.N. resolution re, 102, 296–297
  • U.S. objectives in, 137–138, 379, 406–407, 672–673
  • U.S. role in China area, 119, 125–128, 157–158, 362, 385–386, 444–445, 506, 664–666, 688–689
• China, Republic of:
  • Cease-fire proposal, 340, 499, 546–549, 558–559, 683–684
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • Aerial reconnaissance of, 398–399, 438–439, 494
    • Attacks on, 161–162, 456–457
      • U.S. position, 11, 20, 24, 32, 161–162, 395–396, 472, 475, 490n, 491–495, 496, 500, 561–562, 565–566, 602–603
    • Blockade of, proposed, 500, 521, 529–531
    • Objectives in, 369, 514–515, 541
    • Risk of war with, 529–531
    • Two-Chinas issue, 326, 361–362
    • United States, relations with, 611–612
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands. See Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands; Quemoy–Matsu; Nanchi; Tachen Islands.
  • Defection issue, 369, 403–404, 483–485
  • Economic situation, 33, 318–319, 382, 484
  • Émigré Chinese, 420–421
  • Intelligence capabilities, 25, 335–336, 383
  • Internal security, 484–485
  • Military situation, 14, 38–39, 58, 80, 357–358, 462, 541, 616
    • Air Force capabilities, 472
    • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, 487–488, 542–543, 615–616, 628
    • Defense capabilities, 412, 542–543
    • Forces, 191, 348, 349–350, 360–363, 370, 381–384, 411, 515–516
    • U.S. recommendations, 388–389
  • Mine fields issue, 568–569
  • Morale issue, 191, 288–289, 349–350, 361–363, 382, 419–420, 428, 434, 447–448
    • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, effect on, 479–489, 511–514
    • Two-Chinas issue, 361–362, 481–482
    • U.S. presence, 449, 482–483
  • Objectives of, 167–168, 252–255, 323–324, 456
  • Political situation, 32, 369, 382–383, 528
    • Chiang statement, 513–514
  • Taiwanese, 383, 481
  • Tuapse incident, 322–323, 327, 610n
  • Two-Chinas issue, 287, 326, 361–362
  • United Nations:
    • Cease-fire proposal, position, 65, 110, 112–113, 120, 124, 146–147, 155, 206, 325
    • New Zealand initiative, 287, 326, 361–362
    • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, role in, 14–15, 102, 120–121, 124, 146–147
  • United States (see also U.S. subheadings below):
    • Mutual Defense Treaty with (Dec. 1954), 42n–43n, 68, 74–75, 321, 457, 494, 496n, 549, 550n, 607
      • China, People’s Republic of, position, 224n, 687
      • China, Republic of, statements re, 143–144, 173
      • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, exclusion of, 13, 45, 63, 73, 166–168, 188–189, 278–279, 368, 445
      • Morale issue, 434
      • Senate approval of, 5–6, 22–23, 66, 68, 120n, 144, 153, 260
      • U.S. nationals imprisoned in China, effect on, 110
    • Relations with, 184–189, 216, 251–259, 501–502, 524, 530–531, 539–541
  • U.S. economic assistance, 457
  • U.S. military assistance, 15, 18, 31–32, 123, 136, 188, 324–336, 358–359, 457, 473
    • Advice, 388–389, 542–543
    • Anti-aircraft equipment, 333–334, 553
    • Equipment and training, 281–282, 298, 334–335, 358–359, 462, 495
    • Intelligence, 359, 398–399, 438–439, 494
    • Morale issue, 449, 482–483
    • Operation Plan Rochester, 550–552
    • Request for combined staff, 331–333
    • Reserve training program, 639–640
    • U.S. forces, 250, 299, 301, 324–325, 408, 411, 440, 449, 452–453, 461–462, 495, 550–552, 607–610
      • Limited use of, 97, 100–121, 141–142, 146–147, 164–165, 175–177, 360n, 388–389
  • U.S. press, 187, 255–256, 305–306
  • U.S. nationals imprisoned in People’s Republic of China, 611–612
  • U.S. policy, 30–34, 112–113, 183–189, 194, 207–208, 406–407, 455–463, 510–517, 672
  • U.S. role in defense of, 16–17, 63, 97, 302, 357–360, 457–458, 488, 596
    • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, 41–44, 70–71, 100–103, 145, 162–168, 174–175, 184–189, 194, 207–208, 221, 230n, 231n, 239–240, 305–306, 415, 473–475, 522–523, 529–531, 540
    • Morale issue, 485n, 486–489
    • U.K. position, 308–309
  • World opinion re, 523–524
• China area:
  • Balance of power, 236
  • Cease-fire proposal, 520, 679, 681
  • China, People’s Republic of objectives in, 670
  • Control of sea, 503, 505–506
  • U.K. objectives in, 418–422
  • U.S. military, 294–295, 356n–357n, 401–402
  • U.S. objectives re, 353–355, 369, 385–386, 393, 415, 471–472, 526–528, 595–602, 668–670, 674, 679–680
    • World opinion of, 411, 418–422
• Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands (see also Ichiang; Nanchi; Quemoy–Matsu; Tachen Islands):
  • Atomic weapons, possible use of, 86–90, 137, 165, 225n, 336–338, 349, 370, 379, 513, 459, 587, 595
  • Cease-fire, obstacles to, 201
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • Attacks by, 9, 14, 17–25, 26n, 37, 53n, 83, 90n, 465–466
      • U.S. position re response to, 10–11, 13–17, 53n, 75–76, 84–85, 177
    • Objectives in, 157, 514–515, 590–591
  • China, Republic of, objectives in, 440–441, 462, 473–475, 515, 542n, 599
  • Civilians on, 599
  • Defense of, 25–26, 70–71, 448–449
    • Proposals re, 272, 280–281, 440–441, 529
  • Evacuation, possibility of:
    • Proposed statement, 181–182, 203–204, 208–209, 215–216, 239–240
  • India’s views on, 597
  • Loss of, projected effects of, 480–481, 485–486
  • Military situation, 487–488, 542–543, 615–616, 628
  • Morale issue, 458–461, 479–489, 511–514
  • Risk of war, 75–76, 175
  • Soviet objectives in, 158–159
  • Strategic significance of, 15, 81, 187, 458–461
  • U.K. objectives in, 197, 270–273, 368–369, 661–662
  • U.N. role in, 40
  • U.S. objectives in, 71–72, 76–80, 92, 95–96, 104–105, 122–123, 236–240, 268, 283, 362–363, 448–449, 450–451, 473–475, 486–488
  • U.S. role in defense of, 26, 42, 46–47, 49–52, 60, 70–71, 84–85, 172–173, 183–184, 193–195, 263, 457–458, 461–462, 473–475
    • Assessment of, 385–386, 445–451, 458–461
    • China, People’s Republic of, position, 377, 422
    • China, Republic of, response to, 169–172, 185–189
    • Eisenhower statement to Congress, 115–119
    • U.K. position, 173–176, 179–181, 197, 309
    • Western position, 173–176, 179–181, 197, 309, 379, 460
• Chiperfield, Robert B., 66
• Chou En-lai, 7n, 8n, 107, 109, 119, 352n–353n
  • Bandung Conference, 566–567, 581–583
  • Cease-fire proposal, 132, 525–526, 620
  • China, People’s Republic of-U.S. proposed talks, 231–233, 507–509, 520, 548n, 554–555, 591–593, 619, 644–645, 650, 653–655, 666–668
  • China area, U.S. role in, 157–158, 506, 664–666, 688–689
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, 135, 157–158, 590–591, 688–689
  • Geneva Conference on Indochina, Final Declaration, 651–652
  • Kashmir Princess incident, 525
  • Soviet conference proposal, 581–582
  • Students detained in the United States, 653–654, 664–665
  • Two-Chinas issue, 266–267, 688
  • United Nations, New Zealand initiative, 202–203, 228, 266–267
  • U.S. nationals imprisoned in People’s Republic of China, 12–13, 26–30, 35–36, 149, 518–519, 653–654, 664–665
• Churchill, Sir Winston S., 129, 270–273
• Clements, Earle C., 60, 62–64, 67–68, 72
• Clough, Ralph N., 682–685
• Cochran, William P., Jr., 615–616
• Cohen, Benjamin, 22
• Colombo powers meeting, 498, 506
• Communism (see also China, People’s Republic of), 33, 190–191, 421–424
• Congress, U.S.:
  • Eisenhower message to, 115–119
  • House of Representatives, Resolution 159, 119n, 126
  • Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, 443
  • Joint Resolution (PL–4), 47–49, 51n–52n, 58–59, 65, 73–74, 83–85, 101–102, 115–120, 162–163, 191–192, 198, 260, 368, 424–429, 457–458
  • Mutual Defense Treaty with Republic of China, 20, 22–23
  • Public Law 480, 315–319
  • Senate:
    • Foreign Relations Committee, 526
    • Kefauver resolution, 154–156
  • U.S. nationals imprisoned in People’s Republic of China, 623
  • U.S. role in China area. See Joint Resolution above.
• Cooper, John Sherman, 536–538, 576–578, 663
• Coty, René, 353
• Council on Foreign Economic Policy, 3
• Cowen, Myron M.I., 22
• Cumming, Hugh S., Jr., 498, 506, 525–526
• Cutler, Robert, 4, 10, 19–22, 69–70, 73–75, 79, 122–123, 136, 140–142, 318, 355–360
• Democratic National Committee, 20, 22–23
• DePalma, Samuel, 225
• Dixon, Pierson, 242
• Donaghy, Frederick A., 614
• Douglas, Lewis W., 422n
• Downey, John T., 6n, 27–28, 297
• DuGay, Eva Stella, 656–657
• Dulles, Allen W.:
  • China, People’s Republic of, 8, 199, 616–618, 682
  • China, Republic of, 381–384
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, 90, 95, 125, 135–136
    • Tachen Islands, 17–18, 52, 69–70, 76, 80
  • Intelligence Advisory Committee Watch Committee report, 349, 432
• Dulles, John Foster, 172n
  • Atomic weapons, possible use of, 336–338, 347, 358–359, 370, 410, 413, 426, 433
  • Australia, 477–478, 535–536
  • Bandung Conference, 453–455, 464, 466–467, 475–476, 519–520
  • Burma, 629–630
  • Cease-fire proposal, 155, 321, 325–326, 404–405, 410, 411, 414, 546–549, 571–572, 679–680
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • Blockade of, possible, 371–372, 492
    • Future of, 253–255, 257–258, 606–607
    • Military situation, 312–313, 342, 398–399
    • Objectives of, 464, 466–467, 475–476, 519–520
      • Estimate of, 245, 288, 312–313, 352–353, 425–426, 566–567, 572–573, 624
    • Risk of war with, 137–139, 412–415
    • Students detained in the United States, 442–443
    • U.N. Security Council, attendance at, 227n, 235, 326
    • United States, proposed talks with, 546–549, 555, 556–557, 619–622, 632–633, 637–639, 646–647, 653, 658–659, 661, 679–680
      • Agenda, 681, 685–687
      • Statement re, 660, 666–668, 670–671, 675–676
      • U.K. role, 640–641, 643–644
    • United States, relations with, 632–637, 664–665
    • U.S. aircraft operations, 573–574
    • U.S. nationals imprisoned in, 7–9, 34–35, 44–46, 55–56, 150n, 160, 277–278, 441–442, 588–589, 598–599, 601, 603–604, 605–607, 622–626, 630–631, 646–647
    • U.S. position, 137–139, 412–413, 635–637, 672–673
  • China, Republic of:
    • Military situation, 348, 628
    • Mutual Defense Treaty with the United States, 5–6, 20–23, 152–153
    • Objectives of, 252–255, 323
    • U.S. military assistance, 411, 607–610
    • U.S. role in defense of (see also under Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, below), 20–23, 100–104, 141–142, 152–153, 307–312, 370–371, 426–427, 444–445, 477–478, 491–496, 517, 560–561, 565–566, 672
  • China area:
    • Balance of power, 236
    • Possibility of war, 308, 346, 348–349
    • U.S. objectives in, 2, 292–295, 353–355, 392–393, 526–528, 595–602
    • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands:
      • Ichiang Island, 37
      • Military situation, 398–399, 628
      • Quemoy–Matsu, 156–157, 304n, 321–322, 402, 427, 624
      • Tachen Islands, 40, 105, 155–157
      • U.K. position, 86–91, 96–99, 120–122, 130–132, 344–345, 372
      • U.S. objectives in, 91–95, 236–237, 278–279, 368–370, 450–451, 522
      • U.S.-Soviet talks, 111–112, 115n
      • U.S. role in defense of, 41–44, 46–52, 56–68, 70–82, 161, 262–265, 299–300, 344–345, 384
    • East-West trade, 5
    • India, 580n, 605–607, 646–647
    • Kefauver resolution, 154–155
    • Morale issue, 155–157, 350, 368–369, 390, 427
    • Pakistan, 534–535
    • Pan-Asianism, 454
    • Soviet Union:
      • China, People’s Republic of:
        • Economic assistance, 670–671
        • Role in defense of, 563–565, 567–568
      • Estimate of, 137–139, 253–254
      • United States, relations with, 111–112, 115n
    • Tuapse incident, 322–323, 327, 610–611
    • Two Chinas issue, 418n
    • United Kingdom:
      • China, People’s Republic of, 344–345, 539, 640–641, 643–644
      • China, Republic of, role in defense of, 496–497
      • United States, relations with, 277, 292–295
    • United Nations:
      • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, objectives in, 153–154
      • New Zealand initiative, 133, 154, 227n, 235, 286–287, 326, 340–343, 365–366, 373, 387–388, 430–431
• Duncan, Admiral, 250
• Eden, Sir Anthony:
  • Atomic weapons, possible use of, 86–88
  • Cease-fire proposal, 234, 265, 416–417
  • China, Republic of, U.S. role in defense of, 308–309, 661–662, 672–673
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands:
    • U.K. position, 154, 218–219
    • U.N. role in, 120
    • U.S. policy, 138, 195–196, 281n, 661–662
  • United Nations, New Zealand initiative, 130–131, 223n, 340–343, 397–398
• Edendale incident, 497
• Eisenhower, Dwight D.:
  • Army, planned reductions in size of, 428–429
  • Atomic weapons, possible use of, 336–337, 355–359, 390
  • Bandung Conference, 476
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • Blockade of, possible, 492, 503
    • Estimate of objectives of, 390, 405, 433
    • Military situation, 137, 357–360, 510–511
    • Soviet relations with, 192–193, 617, 674
    • U.S. nationals imprisoned in, 9, 30, 34–35, 588–589, 637n
    • United States, proposed talks with, 637–639, 655–656, 680
  • China, Republic of:
    • Military situation, 191, 542–543
    • United States, relations with, 5–6, 501n, 502
    • U.S. military assistance, 83–85, 115–119, 141–142, 163–165, 187–188, 298, 440–441
    • U.S. role in defense of, 21, 122–123, 301–302, 491–495
  • China area, U.S. objectives in, 151–152, 292–295, 353–355, 418–422, 444–445, 526–528, 594–595, 674
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands:
    • Quemoy–Matsu, evacuation of, 522–523
    • Tachen Islands, evacuation of, 9, 74–75, 77, 79–82, 105, 163–165, 214, 221–222
    • U.S. objectives in, 259–261, 283–285, 305–306, 390, 445–451
    • U.S. role in defense of, 43, 47, 174–176, 357–360, 408–409, 428, 448–449, 662
  • Communism, 190–191, 418n–419n, 421, 422–424
  • India, relations with the United States, 594–595, 605, 647
  • Morale issue, 191, 214, 349–350, 447
  • Presidential powers, 91–96, 100
  • Soviet Union, 192–193, 261, 617, 674
  • United Kingdom, relations with the United States, 128–129, 259–261, 292–295, 418–422
  • Western opinion of the United States, 189–190
• Elliston, Herbert, 255–256
• Fecteau, Richard George, 6n, 27–28, 297
• Finletter, Thomas K., 22
• Fisher, Adrian, 22
• Flemming, Arthur S., 78, 94, 617
• Ford, Francis X., 648
• Foreign Policy Association, 278–279
• Formosa. See China, Republic of and Taiwan.
• Formosa Resolution. See Congress, U.S.: Joint Resolution.
• France, 133
• Geneva Conference on Indochina, Final Declaration, 651–652
• Geneva meeting of heads of government, 535
• George, Walter F., 23, 65–66, 68, 144, 337–338, 493n
• Gleason, S. Everett, 3–5, 19–25, 69–82, 135–140, 199, 318, 345–350, 389–391, 431–433
• Goodpaster, Col. Andrew J., 164n, 177n, 214n, 220–222, 297–298, 366–367, 503
• Goodyear, John, 438–439
• Gordon, Thomas S., 428
• Gowen, Franklin C., 315–318, 435–438, 467–470, 583–585, 613–615, 656–658
• Hagerty, James C., 30, 37, 140n, 141n, 142n, 164n, 202–203, 305–307, 352n, 408–409, 489, 507
• Hammarskjöld, Dag, 107, 109, 120–122
  • China, People’s Republic of-U.S. proposed talks, 231–233
  • Role in United Nations, 246–247
  • Two-Chinas issue, 266–267
  • U.N. Security Council:
    • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, role in, 241–243
    • New Zealand initiative, 226, 266
  • U.S. nationals imprisoned in People’s Republic of China, 7n, 8–9, 12–13, 34–37, 44–46, 55–56, 149–151, 296–297, 394–395, 441n–442n, 518–519, 544–545, 570–571, 586–587, 618, 625–626, 665
• Hammarskjöld mission, 7, 30, 34n, 35–37, 109–110, 112–113, 149–151
• Hanes, J.W., Jr., 409–415
• Hayter, Sir William G., 217n, 291–292
• Heeney, Arnold D.P., 213–214
• Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 526
• Hightower, John, 187
• Hong Kong, 496–497, 624
• Hoover, Herbert, Jr.:
  • China, People’s Republic of, 315–320
    • United States, proposed talks with, 507, 557–558, 677–678
    • U.S. nationals imprisoned in, 578–580, 585–587
  • China, Republic of, U.S. role in defense of, 171, 174–176, 182–184, 198–199, 301–302, 439–441, 501–502
  • Taiwan neutralization proposal, 499n
  • Tachen Islands, evacuation of, 172–173, 203–204, 214–217, 221–222, 224–225
• Hoover Commission, 14
• Howard, Roy W., 305
• Huan Hsiang, 533
• Huizer, Marcella Eileen, 614
• Hull, Gen. John E., 12–13, 123
• Humphrey, George M., 75–76, 78–79, 92–93, 138, 282–285
• Ichiang Island (see also Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands), 37, 69–70, 152
• Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, 443
• India:
  • Cease-fire proposal, 536–538
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • Objectives in, 536–538, 590
    • Relations with, 498
    • United States, relations with, 574–575, 576–578, 580n, 589n, 590–591, 594, 631–637, 641–642, 647, 663
    • U.S. nationals imprisoned in, 590, 603–607, 622–626, 638, 644–645, 646–647
  • China area, 200–201, 595–602, 623–625
  • Relations with the West, 454
  • U.S. press, 306–307
• Indonesia:
  • Bandung Conference, 554–555
  • China, People’s Republic of, 451, 554–555, 591–593
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, 148, 451–452
• Intelligence Advisory Committee, 125
• Iraq, 455
• Japan, 359
• Japanese Peace Treaty, 464
• Johnson, Lyndon B., 72
• Johnson, U. Alexis, 533
• Joint Chiefs of Staff:
  • Atomic weapons, possible use of, 165, 349, 400, 408
  • China, Republic of, U.S. role in defense of, 19, 21, 62, 81, 406–407, 553
  • Quemoy–Matsu, U.S. role in defense of, 400–402, 407
  • Soviet objectives in China area, 137
  • Tachen Islands, evacuation of, 104–105
• Joy, Michael, 676–677
• Kashmir Princess incident, 519n, 525
• Kefauver, Estes, 154n
• Key, David McK., 172, 225–228
• Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich, 290, 329, 426
• Kinmen Island. See Quemoy–Matsu.
• Knowland, William F., 34, 52, 56, 61–64, 67–68, 72, 202, 526–527
• Koo, V.K. Wellington:
  • China, People’s Republic of-U.S. proposed talks, 546–549, 611–612, 683–685
  • China, Republic of:
    • United States, relations with, 41, 611–612
    • U.S. military assistance, 101–103, 144, 188
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands:
    • Defense of, 48, 50
    • Tachen Islands, 13–17, 106–109, 153, 155–156
  • North Atlantic Council meeting agenda, 548–549
  • Two-Chinas issue, 257
• Korea, 221, 621–622
• Kotelawala, Sir John L., 212
• Kuznetzov, Vasili V., 291
• Laos, 380n, 414, 420
• Lay, James S., Jr., 25n, 30
• Lebanon, 455, 556–557
• Li Kuang-tze, 315
• Lippman, Walter, 187
• Lodge, Henry Cabot:
  • China, People’s Republic of-U.S. proposed talks, 231–233
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, U.N. Security Council role in, 124, 241–243
  • Tachen Islands, evacuation of, 176
  • U.S. nationals imprisoned in People’s Republic of China, 7–8, 26–30, 35–37, 394–395, 543–545, 586n, 618
• MacArthur, Douglas, II, 7–8, 141–142, 249–250, 395–396, 413, 415, 453–455, 466–467
• McConaughy, Walter P., 145–147, 152, 203, 215, 243, 611–612, 676–678
• McCormack, John W., 59, 62–63, 65, 67–68, 74, 82, 428–429
• Macdonald, Thomas L., 313
• Macmillan, Harold, 605–607, 641–642, 645–648, 672
• Magsaysay, Ramon, 251
• Makins, Roger, 44–46, 86–90, 97–99, 223–224, 538–539
  • Bandung Conference, cease-fire resolution, 454
  • China, Republic of, 338–339
  • China area, U.K. objectives in, 234–235, 374–375
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, U.S. role in defense of, 161, 195–197, 213–214, 244–246, 260n, 344–345
  • United Nations, New Zealand initiative, 180, 364–366, 373
  • U.K.-Soviet relations, 365
• Malik, Charles, 455, 548n, 556–557
• Malik, Yakov A., 291
• Manila Pact. See Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty.
• Mansfield, Michael J., 22–23
• Mao Tse-tung, 35
• Marshall, Gen. George C., 112, 271
• Martin, Edwin W., 133n
• Martin, Joseph W., Jr., 58, 67, 91
• Mehta, Gaganvihari Lallubhai, 574–575
• Menon, V.K. Krishna, 374, 392–393, 535–538, 574, 576–578, 588n, 594–606, 610–611, 622–626, 631–637
• Menzies, Robert Gordon, 212–213
• Merchant, Livingston T., 179–181, 213–214, 234–238, 344–345, 477–478, 495–497
• Minnich, L. Arthur, Jr., 352–353, 424–429
• Moekarto Notowidigdo, 451–452, 554–555, 591–593
• Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, 148–149, 158–159, 177, 210, 217n, 218, 234, 244, 248, 290, 314, 351, 563–565, 567–568, 610–611, 671
• Morse, Wayne L., 141n
• Munro, Leslie Knox, 45, 46n, 110, 122, 124, 132n, 147, 288, 340–343, 430–431
• Murphy, Robert D., 8, 196–197, 215, 531–534, 592–593
• Nanchi (see also Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands):
  • Evacuation of, 285, 302–303
  • Morale issue, 282
  • U.S. role in defense of, 282–285, 299–300, 301
• National Intelligence Estimates:
  • NIE 100–4–55 series, 376–380
  • NIE 100–4/1–55, 479–489
  • Special National Intelligence Estimates:
    • SNIE 11–4–55, 273–276, 280
    • SNIE 100–3–55, 125–128
• National Security Council:
  • Actions:
    • No. 1146, 19n
    • No. 1292, 2
    • No. 1293-d, 96
    • No. 1312, 96
    • No. 1313, 136–137
    • No. 1335, 285–286
  • China, People’s Republic of, 25n
  • China, Republic of, 1–3, 19–20, 25n, 30–34, 318–319, 396, 668–670
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, 2–5, 9–11, 21n, 24–25, 42n, 74–75
  • Documents:
    • NSC 146/2, 318–319
    • NSC 162/2, 355–356
    • NSC 166/1, 25n
    • NSC 5429 series, 2–5, 9–11, 21n, 24–25, 42n, 74–75
    • NSC 5441, 19–24
    • NSC 5501, 137n, 356n
    • NSC 5503, 30–34, 396, 668–670
    • NSC 5505, 137n
  • Intelligence Advisory Committee Watch Committee report, 432
  • “Policy Regarding Use of Nuclear Weapons,” 355–357
  • Soviet Union, 137
• Nehru, Jawaharlal, 135, 200–201, 290, 574–575, 644–647, 654n, 663
• New Zealand, 370–371
  • U.N. initiative, 45, 86, 98, 120–122, 130–140, 145–147, 154, 174, 179–180, 202–203, 226, 286–287, 343, 397–399, 430–431
  • Working Party Report, 130–140, 417
• Nitze, Paul H., 22
• Nixon, Richard M., 78, 82, 93, 140
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 175, 347n, 548–549
• Nu, U, 135–136, 346, 617, 619–622, 629–630, 651–652, 673
• Nuclear weapons. See Atomic weapons.
• O’Neill, Con, 653–655, 675–676
• Oracle. See U.N. initiative under New Zealand.
• Orem, Rear Admiral Howard E., 249–250
• Pakistan, 455, 506, 508n, 534–535
• Pan-Asianism, 454
• Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi, 200
• Pearson, Drew, 255–256
• Pearson, Lester B., 213n, 281, 416
• Philippines, 62, 251, 380, 506
• Phleger, Herman, 7–8, 94, 287, 410–413, 415, 631, 673
• Poland, 322n
• Potsdam agreement, 158–159
• Pravda, 148n, 210
• President Gottwald incident, 322n
• President of the United States, powers of, 59–60, 72–73, 91–92, 94, 163
• Pride, Vice Adm. Alfred M., 109, 136, 207n, 250n, 500
• Quemoy–Matsu (see also Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands), 46–48, 50–52, 57, 75–77, 79, 94, 101, 145, 166–168, 174–175, 181–182, 321–322, 361, 407, 440–441, 448–449
  • China, People’s Republic of, objectives in, 75–77, 93–94, 250n–251n, 408–409, 624
  • Defense of, 250, 252, 357, 363–364, 367, 377, 509, 511–517, 521, 528–531, 615–616, 628
  • Evacuation of, 301n, 302, 380, 390, 494–495, 511–516, 523–525
  • Morale issue, 304–305, 337–338, 350, 380, 390, 427, 479–480
  • Strategic significance of, 40, 175, 187
  • U.S. role in defense of, 13–17, 26, 38–41, 46–48, 50–54, 57, 75–77, 79, 94, 101, 145, 156, 166–168, 170–171, 174–175, 175–176, 181–182, 321–322, 361, 407, 413–415, 427, 440–441, 448–449, 509, 511–512, 517, 521, 528–531
    • China, Republic of, position, 204–208, 229, 230n, 231n, 445
    • Morale issue, 337–338, 350, 427
    • Official statement of, 183, 186, 400–402
    • U.K. position, 86–89, 661–662
• Quirino, Elpidio, 251
• Radford, Adm. Arthur W.:
  • Atomic weapons, possible use of, 349, 390, 513
  • China, People’s Republic of, military situation, 137–139, 164–165, 357–360, 402–403
  • China, Republic of:
    • Military situation, 281–282, 542–543, 617–618
    • U.S. military assistance, 43, 142, 164, 176–177, 298, 401–402, 406–408
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands:
    • Defense of, 18, 37, 50–52, 59, 61–62, 64–65, 67, 72–74, 76, 79–81, 199
    • Tachen Islands, evacuation of, 104–105, 136, 163–164, 170–171, 221–222, 248–249
  • Mission to Taipei, April 1955, 476–477, 493, 499, 501–506, 509–517, 521–525, 528–531
  • Morale issue, 304–305, 350
• Rankin, J. Lee, 94
• Rankin, Karl Lott:
  • China, People’s Republic of, estimate of objectives of, 540
  • China, Republic of:
    • China, People’s Republic of, possible blockade of, 529–531
    • Cease-fire proposal, 558–559
    • Mine fields issue, 568–569
    • Morale issue, 360–363
    • Objectives of, 167–168
    • United States, relations with, 99, 102–103, 539–541
    • U.S. military assistance, 193–195, 208–209, 230–231, 529–531, 550–552, 561–562, 602–603
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands:
    • Quemoy–Matsu, U.S. role in defense of, 363–364
    • Tachen Islands:
      • Defense of, 26, 53–54
      • Evacuation of, 181–182, 219–220, 229–230, 268–269
    • U.S. role in defense of, 166–167, 193–195, 208–209, 230–231
• Rayburn, Sam, 91, 93, 427–429
• Raynor, G. Hayden, 262
• Rhee, Syngman, 343
• Richards, James P., 62, 67, 313
• Ridgway, Gen. Matthew B., 400–401, 452–453
• Robertson, Walter S.:
  • Atomic weapons, possible use of, 510
  • China, People’s Republic of, 413
    • U.S. aerial reconnaissance of, 569–570
    • U.S. nationals imprisoned in, 570–571, 611–612, 627–628
    • United States, proposed talks with, 648–649, 683–685
  • China, Republic of:
    • U.K. position on defense of, 87–88, 328–329
    • U.S. press, response to, 255
    • U.S. military assistance, 510–517, 529–531, 639–640
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands:
    • Quemoy–Matsu, 564
      • Evacuation of, 509, 521, 523–525, 528–529
      • U.S. role in defense of, 204–208, 412
    • Tachen Islands:
      • Defense of, 14–17
      • Disposition of, 153–154
      • Evacuation of, 101, 103–104, 106–110, 515–516
      • U.S. role in defense of, 48, 65, 143–145, 169, 185–189
  • Mission to Taipei, April 1955, 476–477, 493, 499, 501–506, 509–517, 521–525, 528–531
  • Morale issue, 288–289, 412
  • North Atlantic Council meeting agenda, 549
  • Taiwan, 370, 499
  • United Nations, New Zealand initiative, 343
• Romanoff, Irene, 614
• Romanoff, Nadeshda, 614
• Romulo, Gen. Carlos P., 464, 525, 532
• Saltonstall, Leverett, 58, 60–62, 66, 121
• Scott, Sir Robert Heatlie, 88–89, 98, 120–122, 130–132, 168–172, 237, 287–289, 434, 496–497
• Sebald, William J., 500, 507–509, 589–591, 619–622
• Shen Chang-huan, 208–209, 219–220
• Shen Ping, 315, 435, 468–470, 584–585, 613–615, 656–658
• Smedberg, Adm. William R., 438–439
• Smith, Bromley, 279–286
• Smith, H. Alexander, 526–528
• Sobolev, Arkady A., 178, 210–211
• Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty (1954), 33, 68
• Seventh Fleet, deployment of, 16, 19n, 39–40, 41, 79, 109, 216, 240, 250, 367
• Sino-Japanese Treaty (1895), 564
• Soviet Union:
  • Atomic weapons, possible use of, 137, 276n, 587
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • Economic assistance, 290, 670–671
    • Military assistance, 128, 192–193, 275–276, 289, 342–343, 378, 426, 451–452, 478, 563–565, 567, 616–618, 682
    • Relations with, 114, 148, 211, 289–291
    • U.S. nationals imprisoned in, 148n, 674n
  • China area, objectives in, 137–139, 147–149, 158–159, 289–291, 563–565, 674
  • Conference proposal, 563, 567, 581, 610–611
  • Economic situation, 253–254
  • Risk of war, 137, 275–276
  • Treaty of Mutual Assistance with People’s Republic of China, 192–193, 289
  • Tuapse incident, 8, 610, 671
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 290, 351
  • United Nations, New Zealand initiative, 99, 210–212, 217–218, 223–224, 314
  • U.S. aggression, accusation of, 177–179
  • U.S. estimate of objectives of, 253–254, 258, 261, 275–276
  • U.S. statement of intent, 111–112, 115, 406–407
• Spaak, Paul-Henri, 560–561
• Spender, Sir Percy C., 262–265, 477–478
• Spruance, Adm. Raymond A., 328–329, 362
• Stassen, Harold E., 4, 77, 79–80, 92–94, 139–140, 282–285, 390n, 433
• Stephens, Thomas E., 261
• Stump, Adm. Felix B., 16, 123, 164–165, 175–176, 299, 309, 366–367, 471–473
• Suydam, Henry, 150n
• Sweden, 226n, 231–233, 664–666
• Tachen Islands (see also Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands):
  • China, People’s Republic of, attacks on, 9–11, 17–26, 152–153
    • U.S. position, 10–11, 13–17, 53n, 75–76, 84–85, 95, 161–162
  • Disposition of, 153–154, 156
  • Evacuation of, 76–77, 100–108, 112–113, 143–144, 156, 161–162, 182, 196, 198–199, 206, 208n, 219–222, 229, 230n, 231n, 248–250, 268–269, 515–516
    • China, People’s Republic of, behavior during, 267
    • China, Republic of, position of, 106–108, 172–173
    • Morale issue, 87, 108–110, 112–113, 155, 166, 206, 214, 268
    • Soviet position, 234
    • U.S. role in, 42–45, 51, 57, 61, 74, 101, 104–105, 136, 164, 170–173, 187, 203–204, 217, 224, 250
  • Strategic significance of, 15, 40–41, 56–58, 108
  • U.S. role in defense of, 18, 38–41, 48, 53–54, 74, 88, 100
• Taiwan (see also China, Republic of):
  • China, People’s Republic of, views on, 200
  • Neutralization proposal, 499
  • U.S. objectives in, 403–404, 446, 449, 455–457, 476–477, 598, 619–620
• Tange, Arthur Harold, 371–372
• Thailand, 380n, 455, 506, 525–526
• Tong, Hollington K., 209
• Trevelyan, Humphrey, 120–121, 157–158, 562
• Troyanovsky, O.A., 159
• Truman, Harry S., 59, 94, 423
• Tsiang, Tingfu F., 110, 124, 147
• Tuapse incident, 8, 113, 322–323, 610
• Turkey, 455
• Twining, Gen. Nathaniel B., 18
• United Kingdom:
  • Bandung Conference, 453–454
  • Cease-fire proposals, 402, 404–405, 416–417
  • China, People’s Republic of, 271
    • Relations with, 196–197, 312–314, 315n, 374
    • United States, proposed talks with, 640–642, 645–647, 648–649
      • Role in, 643–644, 650, 653–656, 660, 663, 681
    • United States, relations with, 508–509, 538–539
    • U.S. nationals imprisoned in, 605–607
  • China, Republic of:
    • Defense of, 496–497, 568–569
    • U.S. role in defense of, 270–273, 308–312, 368–369, 496
  • China area:
    • Objectives in, 374–375, 418n, 419n
      • U.S. role in (see also China, Republic of, U.S. role in defense of; Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, U.S. role in defense of, above), 195–197, 293
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands:
    • Objectives in, 97–98, 218–219, 234–235, 271–272, 368–369, 416–417
    • U.N. action, possible, 373
    • U.S. role in defense of, 86–91, 120, 161, 180, 213–214, 234–235, 244–246, 259–261, 271, 294–295, 344–345, 368–370, 661–662
  • Edendale incident, 497
  • Formosa, proposal for pact to defend, 370–371, 419n
  • Hong Kong shipping, 496–497
  • Political situation, 497
  • Risk of war, 234
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 351, 365
  • United Nations, New Zealand initiative, 180–181, 212–213, 235, 364–366, 373, 397–398
  • United States, relations with, 259–261, 277, 292–295, 364–366, 418–422
  • U.S. press, 265
  • Working Party Report, 130–140, 417
• United Nations (see also U.N. Security Council):
  • Capabilities of, 121
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • Blockade of, possible, 559
    • United States, relations with, 178–179, 225, 231–233
  • Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands, possible role in (see also Cease-fire proposal under U.N. Security Council), 42–43, 47, 66, 72, 76–77, 86–89, 93, 100, 102, 129–132, 153–156, 176, 239–243, 286–289
  • Resolution 500(V), 371, 372n
  • Resolution 906(IX), 7
  • U.S. nationals imprisoned in People’s Republic of China, 296–297, 625–626
• U.N. Security Council (see also Hammarskjöld mission):
  • Cease-fire proposal (see also Chinese Nationalist Offshore Islands under United Nations), 42n–43n, 155, 178, 321, 364–366, 387–388, 397–398, 404–405, 410–411, 414, 416–417
  • Hammarskjöld–Chou correspondence, 225–227, 241–243
  • New Zealand initiative, 35, 110, 121–122, 130–132, 134, 146, 157, 178–179, 201–203, 209–210, 223n, 225–227, 232, 266, 269
  • Rule 39, 130, 134, 226
  • Soviet role in, 15, 158–159, 178, 217–218, 223n, 225, 387
• Vietnam, 380n, 651
• Vinson, Carl, 62, 64, 65
• Vorys, John M., 428
• Wadsworth, James J., 266–267, 296–297, 518
• Wainhouse, David W., 130–131, 287
• Waldock, Humphrey, 28
• Wallace, William L., 648
• Wan Waithayakon, Prince Krommun Naradhip Bongsprabandh, 525–526, 532
• Wang Ping-nan, 533
• Webster, Donald E., 550–552
• Wei Li-huang, 484
• Western European Union, 347n
• Whitman, Ann C., 104–105, 357n
• Wiley, Alexander, 57, 59–61, 65–66, 68, 73–74
• Wilson, Charles E., 76–77, 79–81, 105, 139, 385–386, 401–404, 553
• Wu, K.C., 255
• Yeh, George:
  • Cease-fire proposal, 683n
  • China, People’s Republic of, possible blockade of, 513
  • China, Republic of:
    • Defense of, 47–50, 100–103, 143–147
    • United States, relations with, 5–6, 153, 186–189, 530–531
  • Morale issue, 155, 360–361
  • Quemoy–Matsu:
    • Evacuation proposal, 521
    • U.S. role in defense of, 156, 170, 204–208, 251–252, 517
  • Tachen Islands, 38–41, 66, 74, 106–110, 152, 203–204
  • Tuapse incident, 610n
• Yeh Ching-pei, 315
• Yikiangshan. See Ichiang Island.
• Young, Kenneth T., 451–452
• Yu Ta-wei, 53–54, 331–333
• Yudin, Pavel Fedorovich, 587–588
• Zaroubin, Georgiy Nikolayevich, 342
• Zhukov, Georgiy K., 329, 674n