Editorial Note
On March 13, 1953, the Joint Chiefs of Staff transmitted a memorandum titled “Broadening the Participation of the United States in the Indochina Operation” to Charles E. Wilson, the Secretary of Defense. The memorandum recommended against involvement by the United States in combat operations, but urged that a number of measures be suggested to the French with a view toward increasing the effectiveness of the forces of the French Union and the Associated States of Indochina. For text, see United States–Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967, Book 9, pages 11–14.