Index

• Abaca, 193, 981, 1094
• Abbink, John, 188
• Acevedo Alvarez, Eduardo, 334, 1579–1580
• Acheson, Dean G.:
  • Argentina, 407, 423
  • Bolivia, 485, 490–493, 502–503, 506–508, 516–518, 520n
  • Brazil, 421n , 570, 578, 581–582, 584, 586, 587–595, 598–599, 875n
  • Chile, 669–670, 680–681
  • Colombia, 769–772, 790, 792
  • Common Defense Scheme for the American Continent, 23n , 123n , 1075n
  • Cuba, 867–868, 871–872
  • Dominican Republic, 927, 935–937
  • Ecuador, 966–970, 985
  • General Military Plan for the Defense of the American Continent, 120, 1658n
  • Guatemala:
    • Military action against, possibility of, 1041
    • U.S. relations with, 1050–1053
  • Haiti, 1253–1255
  • Korean conflict, Latin American involvement in, 118
  • Mexico, 1331, 1333–1339
  • Military Assistance Advisory Groups, 139
  • Netherlands, 127n
  • Nicaragua, 1369–1371
  • Panama, 1391
  • Paraguay, 1467
  • Strategic commodities, export control of, 186–187
  • U.S. military relations with Latin America, 129–132
  • Uruguay, 1536–1538
  • Venezuela, 1600, 1603, 1605, 1633, 1635, 1636n
• Ackerman, Adolph, 602
• Ackerman, Ralph H., 928–931
• “Act of Santiago,” 463
• Adams, Sherman, 300, 304, 344, 363, 1572
• Ageton, Arthur A., 1490
• Aglion, Raoul, 1253–1255
• Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933, 1573–1574
• Agricultural Surplus Disposal, Interagency Committee on, 362
• Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (P.L. 480), 76, 80, 84, 88, 103–104, 338, 341–342, 358, 361–362, 754–757, 760
• Agriculture, Department of, 63, 201, 220–221, 237, 754, 883, 892–893, 902n , 912–913, 919, 926, 1039n , 1257, 1344, 1573–1574, 1632
• Air Force, Department of the:
  • Argentina, 409n , 415
  • Bolivia, 547n
  • Brazil, 657
  • Costa Rica, 851, 863
  • Cuba, 914–915
  • Dominican Republic, 934, 936
  • Ecuador, 977–980, 985
  • El Salvador, 1011, 1013–1014, 1020
  • Guatemala, 165, 1031n , 1038, 1061n
  • Haiti, 135
  • Honduras, 1309
  • Latin Americans in U.S. military schools, 113
  • Military Assistance Advisory Groups, 139–140, 920
  • Military installations, 39
  • Mutual Defense Assistance Program, 170, 183
  • Panama, 1392n
  • Peru, 1500, 1502–1503, 1529
  • Tours, 41, 62
  • U.S. Mapping Program, 163–164
  • Uruguay, 1581, 1583, 1585
  • Venezuela, 160, 1619n , 1664, 1672
• Alarcón, Ruperto, 970
• Aléman Valdes, Miguel, 1325, 1330, 1334–1335, 1337–1338, 1343
• Alfaro, Ricardo, 1409–1410, 1420
• Alfhem, S.S. See under Guatemala.
• Allen, Harry H., 1088–1090
• Allen, Maj. Gen. F. A., 157, 161
• Allet, Robert G., 1102
• Allocations Board, 774, 795
• Almeida Guillabel, Renato de, 656
• Alvarez Vidaurre, Antonio, 365, 1202
• Alzate Avendano, Gilberto, 807
• American and Foreign Power Company, 253, 439, 443, 472, 579, 581, 596, 668, 750, 820, 827, 1072
• American Bondholders Committee, 1510
• American Packers, 1548–1558, 1564, 1579
• American Republics (see also Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance; Organization of American States; Rio Economic Conference; Tenth Inter-American Conference):
  • American Committee on Dependent Territories, 269
  • American Treaty of Pacific Settlement (Pact of Bogotá), 268, 1077
  • Bilateral military assistance agreements, 6, 9, 109, 137
  • Caribbean area:
    • Economic situation, 380–383, 391–392, 399
    • Intraregional relationships, 394–395
    • Military situation, 381, 390–391
    • Political situation, 366–367, 379–381, 383, 399
    • Soviet bloc, relations with, 398
    • U.S. attitude toward, 398
    • U.S. policy toward, 381, 398
    • U.S.-Netherlands negotiations regarding joint defense of, 110, 127, 147–149, 178–181
  • Caribbean Legion, 375, 395–396, 852, 1056, 1063, 1068, 1071
  • Central American area, 365–399
  • Colonialism, U.S. position on, 38
  • Communist activities, 21, 37, 47, 51, 97–98, 1450
  • Communist-sponsored conferences, 19, 30, 58–59, 96–97, 390
  • Economic situation, 6, 31, 104, 209–217, 306, 308, 324, 330, 332, 336, 391–392, 475
  • Eleventh Inter-American Conference, 277, 998
  • Export price stabilization, 71
  • Fourth Extraordinary Meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council. See Rio Economic Conference of 1954 .
  • Fourth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, 1951, 47, 117, 120, 278, 282–289, 589, 792, 1077
  • Hemispheric defense, 9–10, 85–86, 109, 144–146, 168, 176–177, 336, 351, 788, 1212
  • Inter-American Commission of Women, 275–276
  • Inter-American Congress of Ministers and Directors of Education, 274
  • Inter-American Convention for Arbitration of Pecuniary Claims, Buenos Aires, 1910, 517
  • Inter-American Council of Jurists, 153, 274
  • Inter-American Cultural Council, 274
  • Inter-American Defense Board, 5n , 6, 9–10, 23, 39–40, 46, 61, 63, 85–86, 111, 114, 120, 121n , 123–127, 135, 157, 164, 183, 403, 938, 1015, 1235, 1658n
    • IADB C–04, Common Defense Scheme for the American Continent, 23n , 123n , 135, 1075n , 1658n
    • IADB C–019, General Military Plan for the Defense of the American Continent, 1951, 23, 39, 61, 110–111, 120–124, 127, 135, 1015n , 1658n
  • Inter-American Bank, 354
  • Inter-American Economic and Social Council, 237, 271, 310, 313, 317, 324, 327, 353, 357, 651
  • Inter-American Highway. See Inter-American Highway.
  • Inter-American Highway agreement, 1300, 1302
  • Inter-American Juridical Committee, 274–275
  • Inter-American Peace Committee. See under Organization of American States.
  • Intraregional relations, 265, 288, 305, 381, 396–397
  • Korean conflict. See Korean conflict.
  • Latin American Economic Information Project, 106
  • Nationalization as a trend, 1634
  • Ninth International Conference of American Republics. See Ninth International Conference of American Republics, Bogotá, Mar. 30 and May 2, 1948 .
  • Political situation, 6, 20, 384
  • Private investments, 3, 214, 226–229
  • Regional grouping, possibility of, 365–366
  • Standard of living, 324, 332, 336
  • Tariff unions, 76
  • United States, attitude toward, 1212
  • U.S. economic assistance (see also under individual countries), 186–188, 259–262, 306–307, 336
  • U.S. economic policy, 66, 90–91, 231–232, 314–364
    • Agricultural surplus disposal, 55–56, 77, 236, 242, 298, 308–310, 315
    • Criticism of, 89, 94, 98
    • Development assistance loans, 336, 340
    • Export credit facilities, 319
    • Grant-aid, 71, 206–207, 308, 320, 331
    • Investment in raw material production, 359–360
    • Price stabilization for raw materials and commodities, 324, 329, 331, 342, 346, 349
    • Private investment, 190, 319, 323, 328, 333, 336, 346
    • Taxation, 319, 346, 356, 367
  • U.S. military assistance (see also under individual countries), 9, 85, 91, 96, 116–118, 120–121, 128, 131, 137, 154, 182–185, 199
  • U.S. military missions, 24, 40, 60–62, 111–112, 140, 154–155, 184–185
  • U.S. military training schools, 78, 131–132
  • U.S. policy toward dictatorships, 1450
  • U.S. technical assistance programs, 71, 84, 186–191, 199, 209, 214–215, 221–224, 258–260, 316, 320, 324, 338, 341, 346
  • U.S. trade restrictions, 55, 65, 71–72, 83, 99, 231–233, 307–308, 330, 332–333, 345
    • Cotton, 233
    • Dairy products, 233
    • Flaxseed, 233
    • Lead, 18, 89, 99, 211, 240–241, 332–333
    • Linseed oil, 472
    • Meat products, 233, 245, 296, 472
    • Oats, 56, 94, 211, 233, 296, 453, 472
    • Panamanian products, 1424
    • Peruvian products, 1507–1508, 1511
    • Petroleum, 18, 92, 211, 232, 1162, 1676
    • Rye, 56
    • Sugar, 73, 901–903, 906, 911–912, 917, 921, 925–926, 964–965, 1162, 1263
    • Tung nuts and oil, 56, 94, 99, 233, 247, 333, 472, 483
    • Wool, 211, 232, 244–246, 409, 444, 1558–1561
    • Wool tops, 233, 1537–1542, 1545–1547, 1549, 1563, 1570, 1573
    • Zinc, 18, 89, 99, 211, 240–241, 332–333, 1162
• American Smelting and Refining Company, 104–105, 241, 886, 1504, 1516–1517, 1520, 1531
• American Treaty of Pacific Settlement (Pact of Bogotá), 268
• Ammott, John C., 494
• Amory, Robert, Jr., 865n
• Anaconda Copper Mining Company, 678, 684, 708, 717, 724, 727–730, 737–739, 741, 1531
• Anderson, Robert B., 67, 73, 75, 78, 178, 195, 206, 224, 294, 344, 652n , 654n , 1112, 1122, 1124, 1132
• Anderson, Samuel W., 352–353, 355–357, 703–707, 723, 945, 1532
• Anding, Col. James G., 994
• Andrade, Víctor, 496–501, 508, 510–514, 516–517, 519–520, 522–524, 526n , 537, 540, 542, 559n , 1170
• Andrews, Stanley, 601, 1293
• Angel de la Campa y Caraveda, Miguel, 868–873, 897–898
• Anschuetz, Norbert L., 1118n
• Anslinger, Harry J., 1345
• Antarctica, 11, 403, 476
• Apold, Raúl A., 443
• Appropriations Act (P.L. 428), Mar. 3, 1933, 296n , 418, 1457
• Aramayo, Carlos Victor, 493
• Aramburú Lecaros, Germán, 1500
• Arana, Col. Francisco Javier, 385, 1033
• Aranha, Oswaldo, 17, 35, 249, 334, 622n , 624, 626, 637, 647
• Araujo, Antonio Martin, 1598
• Arbenz, Maria Cristina Vilanova de, 1091–1092
• Arbenz Guzmán, Jacobo:
  • Communism in Guatemala, 840, 1040–1041, 1061, 1063–1067, 1070–1071, 1080, 1082, 1087, 1092–1093, 1095n , 1099–1100, 1137, 1140, 1162, 1198, 1212–1214, 1217
  • Communism in Latin America, 97, 398
  • El Salvador, Guatemalan relations with, 1024, 1308
  • Honduras, Guatemalan relations with, 1296
  • Inter-American Highway, 1039, 1044, 1047
  • Mexico, Guatemalan relations with, 1450
  • Nationalization of foreign-owned property, 226, 394
  • Nicaragua, Guatemalan relations with, 1373, 1384
  • Political opposition to, 1043n , 1062, 1070, 1081, 1100, 1214
  • Political support for, 368, 388, 1032–1035, 1037, 1062–1063, 1067
  • Revolution against, 93, 108, 380, 385, 389, 399, 846, 858, 1171, 1173–1175, 1186, 1188–1192, 1451
  • Soviet Union, Guatemalan relations with, 1120n
  • United States, Guatemalan relations with, 381, 396–397, 1050, 1053, 1082, 1085, 1154–1156, 1180
  • U.S. economic interests in Guatemala, 1032, 1036, 1056, 1069, 1091, 1098n
  • U.S. military assistance to Guatemala, 1038n
  • U.S. plans to overthrow, 1083–1084
  • Venezuela, Guatemalan relations with, 375
• Arends, Leslie C., 1101
• Arévalo Bermejo, Juan José, 385, 898, 1033, 1063, 1066–1067, 1080, 1193
• Arey, Hawthorne, 352, 354, 356, 447–449
• Argentina:
  • “Act of Santiago”, 463
  • Agencia Latina, 426
  • Agreements with the United States:
    • Air Force Mission Agreement, Sept. 2, 1943, 415
    • Army Mission Agreement, Oct. 6, 1948, 415
    • Military Assistance Agreement, 92, 132–133, 477–478
    • U.S.-Argentine Trade Agreement, 1941, 472
  • Agricultural products:
    • Exports, 98, 417, 429–430
    • U.S. import quotas, 56, 296, 409, 443, 453–454, 468, 472
  • American and Foreign Power Company, nationalization of, 253, 439, 443, 472
  • Antarctic issue, 403, 476
  • Atomic Energy Commission, 27
  • Bolivia, relations with, 416, 486, 1538
  • Braniff International Airways, entry situation, 431
  • Brazil, relations with, 463, 634, 643, 645
  • Chile:
    • Economic cooperation with, 216, 463, 710, 719–720
    • Relations with, 718–719, 1538
  • Coal production, 449
  • Compañia Argentina de Electricidad, 253
  • Congress of, 440n , 455, 457–458
  • East-West trade, 464, 466
  • Economic situation, 212, 245–246, 305, 407–408, 410, 412, 413, 416–418, 455, 457–460, 464–465, 1541
  • Ecuador:
    • Economic cooperation with, 217, 463
    • Relations with, 426
  • Export-Import Bank:
    • Loans, 27, 55, 94, 246, 430, 448, 453, 469, 472, 479, 483–484
    • Mission, 94, 449
  • Exporter credits, 252
  • Falkland Island issue, 403
  • Guatemala, relations with, 468, 475, 1069
  • Haiti, relations with, 1258
  • Hemispheric defense role, 122, 144, 441–442, 444–445, 447, 470–471
  • Hemispheric leadership, 401, 425, 428–429, 461–464, 466, 482
  • Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, 415
  • International Packers, 430, 469–470, 1564–1567
  • Japan, trade with, 465
  • Korean conflict, 415
  • La Prensa, 433, 450–452
  • Mathison Chemical Company fertilizer project, 448
  • Meatpackers situation, 430, 443, 472
  • Military equipment production, 445
  • Military equipment purchases:
    • From non-U.S. sources, 172
    • From the United States, 42
  • Military situation, 456, 460–461
  • Minerales y Metales (MINMET), 479–481
  • National Broadcasting Company, 443
  • Panama, relations with, 426
  • Paraguay:
    • Economic cooperation with, 217, 463
    • Relations with, 1471, 1476, 1479
  • Peru, relations with, 1507–1508, 1526
  • Petroleum production, 444–446, 472
  • Political situation, 123, 159, 176, 245, 410–415, 432, 439, 455–459
    • Army revolt attempt, 1951, 408, 457
    • Communist activities, 31, 97, 401, 408, 413, 425, 432–433, 438, 439, 445, 456, 459, 463, 465, 474, 482, 1170
    • Communist Party (PCA) membership, 455, 458–459
    • Confederation of Latin American Workers, 408, 410, 412–413, 418, 426, 433, 457–459, 464
    • Confederation of Professional Workers, 458
    • General Confederation of Workers (CGT), 412, 415, 433, 457, 459
    • Government actions against Communists, 246, 474
    • Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers, 405, 416, 420
    • Nationalist Liberating Alliance, 457
    • Roman Catholic Church, 414, 457
    • Unión Civica Radical (UCR), 414, 458
  • Preparation for World War III, 444, 476
  • Press, treatment of, 440, 443, 449, 451–452, 455, 465
  • Private investments, 32, 46, 52, 103, 403, 434, 439, 441, 443–446, 448, 450–452, 455, 462–463, 465–466, 469–470, 472, 482, 484, 1634
  • Propaganda program, 400, 404–406, 415–416, 419, 423–427, 431, 438, 451, 462
  • St. Joseph Lead Company, 448
  • Shipyard development, 445–446, 472
  • Smithfield Packing House, 434
  • Social Aid Foundation, 414
  • Soviet bloc, relations with, 15, 30, 98, 434, 438, 455, 463–464, 466
  • Standard Oil Company of New Jersey situation, 431, 443
  • Steel mill purchase, 246, 253, 445–446, 452–453, 467, 469, 483–484
  • Strategic materials, U.S. access to, 402, 478–481
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, U.S.-Argentine relations, 480–481
  • “Third Position”, 400, 405, 410–411, 415, 418, 420–421, 462
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 11
  • United Nations, support of U.S. proposals in, 402, 415, 452, 463
  • United States, attitude toward, 162, 245–246, 367, 400–403, 405, 411, 415, 418–419, 427–437, 446, 451, 455, 459, 462, 471
    • Argentine press attacks on the United States, 407, 431
    • U.S. press attacks on Argentina, 427, 431, 433, 450, 452
  • United States, policy toward, 20, 26, 29, 37
  • U.S agricultural surplus disposal, 93, 233, 245–247, 296, 309–310, 401, 468, 472
  • U.S. citizens, travel restrictions for, 449, 451
  • U.S. economic assistance, 94, 438, 445, 475–476, 482
  • U.S. economic policy, 403, 405, 416, 421, 462, 467, 472, 479–480
  • U.S. exports to, 429–430
  • U.S. information activities, 435
  • U.S. military assistance, 112, 116, 122–123, 144, 183, 185, 403, 404, 438, 441, 445–446, 455, 463, 469, 471, 477–478
  • U.S. motion pictures, reentry of, 431, 451
  • U.S. policy toward, 402, 404, 419–421, 425, 436, 438, 1569
  • U.S. public opinion toward, 246, 404, 438, 483–484
  • U.S. shipping, discrimination against, 472
  • U.S. technical assistance, 334, 445–446
  • Uranium and beryl production, 27, 445, 472
  • Uruguay, relations with, 451, 463, 1538, 1544, 1563–1564, 1568–1570, 1577, 1582
  • West Germany, trade with, 465
  • Western Europe, trade with, 465
  • Westinghouse International, electrical plant, 448
  • Wool situation, 444, 1538–1542, 1546
• Arías, Arnulfo, 1393–1394, 1397, 1399–1400, 1406
• Arías, Harmodio, 1394, 1396–1397, 1409–1410, 1412, 1415n , 1416, 1420, 1459–1466
• Armour, Norman, 1230n , 1232–1234, 1272
• Armstrong, W. Park, Jr., 807–808, 865–866
• Armstrong, Willis C., 664
• Army, Department of the:
  • Argentina, 409n
  • Bolivia, 547n , 557–559, 561–562
  • Brazil, 657
  • Caribbean Demonstration Teams, 115
  • Colombia, 796
  • Costa Rica, 823–825, 856, 863
  • Cuba, 915
  • Ecuador, 969, 977–980, 985–986
  • El Salvador, 42, 1010–1012, 1018, 1020, 1022
  • Guatemala, 42, 165, 1031n , 1061n , 1108, 1237
  • Historical relations with Latin America, 167
  • Hosting foreign officials, 51
  • Inter-American Geodetic Survey Group, 920, 953, 956–959
  • Latin Americans in U.S. military schools, 78, 113
  • Mexico, 1339
  • Military Assistance Advisory Groups, 139–140
  • Military decorations for Latin Americans, 114
  • Mutual Defense Assistance Program, 170
  • Panama, 1392n , 1427, 1448
  • Paraguay, 1475–1476, 1478, 1480
  • Standardization of the armed forces, 172
  • U.S. Mapping Program, 164
  • Uruguay, 1585
  • Venezuela, 95, 1588, 1619n
• Arnall, Ellis G., 684
• Arosamena, Alcibíades, 1397n
• Arosemena Monroy, Carlos Julio, 156, 976n , 982, 986
• Arriaga, Maj., 1207
• Arroyo Torres, Ledo, 1575–1576, 1581
• Aruba, 127
• Atomic Energy Commission, 182n , 208n , 472, 628, 735, 1061n , 1506
• Atterberry, Phil R., 175n , 1270, 1278n
• Atwood, Rollin S., 299n , 353–354, 374–378
  • Argentina, 419, 447–448, 484
  • Bolivia, 494, 498–501, 513, 519, 522n , 528, 530, 559n
  • Brazil, 611, 613n , 615, 647n , 662n
  • Chile, 675–677, 693, 697–700, 702, 706–707, 724–728, 730, 733, 740n , 747, 754, 755n , 757–758, 763–765
  • Colombia, 788, 792–793
  • Ecuador, 972, 982–983, 987–988
  • Guatemala:
    • Military action against, possibility of, 1041n
    • U.S. relations with, 1102–1103, 1105, 1117n , 1149n , 1160, 1163, 1170, 1220n
  • Guatemalan revolution, 1178, 1186
  • Paraguay, 1489n
  • Peru, 1504n , 1514, 1516n , 1529n
  • Uruguay, 1536, 1558n , 1561n
  • Venezuela, 1635n , 1636, 1652n , 1673–1674, 1676n
• Ávila Camacho, Manuel, 1328
• Ayala, Capt. Julio C., 791
• Azucar Chavez, Carlos, 1206
• Baggett, Sam, 838, 841, 844–845
• Bahama Islands, North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement, 1950, 53
• Baisley, Col. Herbert K., 977n
• Baker, George P., 1331, 1333–1337
• Baker, Josephine, 431
• Balbino, Antonio, 625
• Ball, Max, 1226
• Ballivián Rojas, Brig. Gen. Hugo, 485, 490
• Barall, Milton, 498–503, 559n , 666, 675–679, 682, 685, 693–697, 699–703, 705n , 727–733, 743n , 746n , 747n , 753n , 1285–1286, 1514
• Baranson, Stanley, 1284–1285, 1291
• Barber, Lt. Col. Rex T., 154
• Barber, Willard F., 805, 812–816
• Barnes, Stanley, 224–225, 262
• Barrett, Frank A., 910
• Barringer, J. Paul, 1331n , 1333–1336
• Barrios Ortiz, Tobias, 692, 733–737, 746
• Barrios Peña, Col. Roberto, 1043n
• Barrios Tirado, Gen. Guillermo, 669
• Basdevant, Jules, 571
• Batista y Zaldivar, Gen. Fulgencia:
  • Communism in Cuba, 389, 869, 871, 896–897, 899–900
  • Costa Rican Government, opposition to, 367, 396, 866
  • Cuban armed forces, relations with, 870, 876
  • Cuban elections, 896, 916
  • Cuban exiles in the United States, 897–898
  • Guatemalan Government, opposition to, 368
  • Nicaro nickel project, 887n
  • Political support for, 381, 384, 399, 871, 874, 893
  • Private investment in Cuba, 869
  • Seizure of power, 867–869, 871–873, 876, 882, 932
  • Soviet Union, Cuban relations with, 871
  • Sugar:
    • Sales to the United States, 902, 914, 925
    • Surplus, 878, 893
  • Trade unions, 871
  • United States, Cuban relations with, 871, 873–875, 897, 918
• Batlle Berres, Luis, 1544, 1585–1586
• Batten, Col. Earl, 1202
• Battle, Laurie C., 31n , 124n , 471n
• Battle, Lucius D., 1391, 1603–1604
• Battle Act. See Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act of 1951 .
• Batzell, Elmer, 1239
• Bauer, Walter, 321
• Beall, J. Glenn, 665
• Beam, Jacob, D., 1176
• Beaulac, Willard L., 361, 733, 735–739, 741, 745–746, 755–756, 760–761, 763–764, 867–877, 881–882, 887n , 888–889, 892–895, 1042, 1104, 1161
• Begoügne de Juniac, Gontran, 1184n
• Behns, Col. Sosthenes, 453
• Behrendt, Richard, 1467n
• Beiderlinden, Maj. Gen. William A., 605, 606, 655
• Belize (British Honduras), 97, 1063, 1068, 1124
• Bell, Bernard, 1248
• Belton, William, 755n , 1338, 1347–1348, 1349n , 1353, 1358n , 1359n , 1489n , 1522
• Beltrán, Pedro, 1524
• Bennett, W. Tapley, Jr., 197, 229–250, 419, 469, 471n , 508, 651n , 772–774, 776, 782, 1382n , 1506n , 1536n , 1547–1548, 1641–1642, 1648
• Benson, Ezra Taft, 49, 237, 300, 363, 889, 892, 900, 902n , 1352, 1571–1572
• Berckemeyer, Fernando, 1506–1514, 1522, 1524, 1527, 1529
• Berenhauser, 583
• Bermúdez, 1545–1546
• Bernal, José Maria, 767–768, 773–778, 788, 795
• Bernardes, Carlos Alfredo, 615
• Bernardino, Gen. Felix, 948–950, 954
• Bernbaum, Maurice M., 142n , 144, 366–368, 372–373, 767–770, 772n , 774–777, 780n , 782, 783n , 790, 795–796, 982–983, 987, 1103, 1497, 1596–1599, 1642, 1666–1667
• Bernini, Federico A., 484
• Berrio Muñoz, Brig. Gen. Gustavo, 51
• Betancourt, Rómulo, 95, 366, 372–377, 396, 840–841, 846–847, 851, 854n , 1043, 1056, 1373, 1379, 1381–1382, 1385, 1388–1389, 1668–1674
• Bethlehem Steel, 1626, 1637
• Biesanz, John, 1439
• Billiton Company, 886–887
• Birgfeld, Clarence E., 782
• Bishop, Max W., 342n , 763–765
• Blanchard, Louis R., 1353
• Black, Eugene R., 57, 249, 356, 581–584, 588, 591, 597–598, 602–603, 667, 837, 838, 876, 987–988, 1023, 1229
• Blackman, Herbert N., 195, 224
• Blankinship, Byron E., 996–999, 1301
• Boettner, Luís Oscar, 1474, 1489
• Boggs, Marion W., 67
• Bogotá Conference. See Ninth International Conference of American Republics.
• Bohan, Merwin L., 95, 313–314, 576–580, 582–583, 588, 600, 602, 611, 616–621
• Bohlen, Charles E., 408, 1603
• Bolaños, Lt. Col. Oscar A., 29, 1001, 1003, 1010, 1024
• Bolivia:
  • Agrarian reform, 308, 310–311, 550
  • Agreements with the United States, Army Mission Agreement extension, 1954, 557–562, 568
  • Argentina, relations with, 416, 486, 556, 1508, 1538
  • Asbestos, 495
  • Banco Minero, 494–496, 501, 519, 524, 527
  • Bolivian Development Corporation, construction equipment, 34
  • Brazil, relations with, 643
  • Brazilian economic assistance, 486
  • Chaco War, 1932–1935, 549
  • Chile, relations with, 542–543, 556
  • Cochabamba–Santa Cruz Highway, 95, 242, 537, 566
  • Columbium, U.S. purchases, 495
  • Council of Ministers, 544
  • Czechoslovakia, relations with, 15, 31
  • “Definitive Agreement on Retentions”, Patiño and Bolivian Government, June 13, 1953, 526, 569
  • Economic situation, 18, 19, 27, 46, 49, 64, 159, 210, 242, 489, 501, 511, 514–515, 524, 527, 529–531, 534, 547–549, 553–554, 556, 561, 566–567
  • Export-Import Bank loans, 95, 242, 495, 501, 531, 537, 541, 566
  • Exports, 553–554, 563
  • Food supply programs, 34, 49, 84, 88, 201–202, 216, 236, 241, 529–530, 535–536, 541, 546, 554–555, 566
  • Guatemala, relations with, 1069
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development loans, 541
  • International Monetary Fund loans, 105, 541, 554
  • International Tin Agreement, 296
  • Military situation, 491
  • Ministry of Defense, 558
  • Pacific port situation, 542–543, 556
  • Panama, tax claims against, 538–539, 544
  • Peru, relations with, 556, 1505, 1507–1508
  • Petroleum development, 16, 210, 554, 556
  • U.S. investments, 539, 554
  • Political prisoners, treatment of, 545–546
  • Political situation, 130, 216, 240, 490, 511, 529, 535, 541, 543, 561, 839
    • Bolivian Communist Party (PCB), 551
    • Bolivian Labor Central, 550
    • Communist activities, 50, 90, 97, 475, 541, 543, 555, 567
    • Falange Socialista Bolivia (FSB), 545, 548, 552, 555
    • La Razon after 1952 revolution, 493
    • Movimiento Nacional Revolucionario, 490–491, 547–557
    • Overthrow of junta, April 1952, 490–491, 513
    • Revolutionary Workers Party (POR), 551
  • Press, treatment of, 539, 545
  • Private investments, 15, 540, 554, 566–567
  • Recognition of new government, 493
  • Reconstruction Finance Corporation loans, 1163
  • Texas City Smelter, continued operation of, 56, 486–487, 500, 531–533, 559–560
  • Tin (see also Tin industry, nationalization of, below):
    • Export crisis, 211, 215–216
    • Mercantile Metal and Ore contract, 502
    • Pricing, 241–242, 485–488, 489, 499, 514, 529, 537, 553–554
    • Purchases:
      • British, 500, 526, 548
      • Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 216, 495–496, 498–499, 501, 503–505, 511, 519, 520–523, 527, 559–560
      • U.S., 485–490, 511–512, 514, 531, 559–560, 566
      • U.S. stockpile, 16, 71, 233, 486, 489, 532–534
    • Sales to the Soviet bloc, control of, 525
    • Smelting issue, 487, 500, 566
  • Tin industry, nationalization of, Oct. 31, 1952, 16, 50, 492, 494, 496, 502–503, 505, 509–510, 513, 549–550, 568–569, 1634
    • Aramayo, negotiations with, 493, 505, 507–508, 510, 513, 515, 526, 528, 539, 545
    • Bolivia Tin Corporation, negotiations with, 538–539
    • Compensation issue, 505–509, 512–513, 520–521, 524, 526, 528, 538, 550, 568–569
    • Corporacíon Minera de Bolivia (COMIBOL), negotiations with tin owners, 523, 526, 545, 569
    • Effect on production, 509
    • Hochschild, negotiations with, 492, 505, 507–508, 510, 513, 515, 526, 528, 539, 545
    • Legal ownership of the ores, 498
    • Patiño Mines and Enterprises, negotiations with, 492, 494–497, 500, 505, 508, 510, 513, 515–517, 521–522, 526, 528, 538–539, 545, 568–569
    • U.S. stockholders, interests of, 497, 509–510, 515–516, 569
    • U.S. tin purchase issue, 490, 492, 496, 503, 511, 517, 521
  • Tungsten, 495, 501, 506, 562–565
  • United Nations, support of U.S. proposals in, 543, 557
  • United States:
    • Attitude toward, 488, 511, 515, 527, 542, 551
    • Relations with, 24, 36, 485, 490–494, 498–501, 513, 527, 547, 563
  • U.S. citizens killed by mine workers, 491
  • U.S. economic assistance, 27, 29, 34, 46, 55, 84, 88, 102, 200–201, 219, 222, 236, 241–242, 261, 534–538, 540, 546, 561, 566–568
  • U.S. military assistance, 40, 62, 112, 122, 144, 183, 557–562, 568
  • U.S. technical assistance, 16, 485
• Bolté, Gen. Charles L., 114, 120, 648–649, 769, 779–780, 785, 788, 792, 1547
• Bonbright, James C. H., 147n , 148n
• Bonnet, Henri, 1184
• Bos, Commodore H., 178–181
• Bosch, Juan, 1379–1382
• Boucas, Valentim, 581–583
• Bow, Frank, 837
• Bowdler, William G., 6, 10n , 26n , 279n , 1446n
• Bowers, Claude G., 508, 666, 669, 670n , 679–680, 686–687, 689n , 691–692, 695n
• Bowie, Robert R., 65, 67, 344, 1074, 1118n , 1129n , 1130n , 1139, 1176
• Boza, Héctor, 1506
• Braden, Spruille, 429, 435, 885, 948, 951–952, 954n , 956, 1058–1059, 1072
• Bradley, General of the Army Omar N., 2–3, 149, 150n , 151–152, 793–795
• Bramble, Harlan P., 494, 528, 562–565
• Braniff International Airways, 431, 781, 783, 1330–1332
• Brannan, Charles F., 1632
• Brazil:
  • Agreements with the United States:
    • Lend-Lease Settlement Arrangement of Apr. 15, 1948, 652
    • Military Assistance Agreement, Rio de Janeiro, Mar. 15, 1952, 20, 38, 123, 570–571, 605, 624, 632, 638
    • Military Plan Between Brazil and the United States for Their Common Defense, 570–571, 606
    • Navy Mission Agreement, Rio de Janeiro, June 29 and Oct. 9, 1954, 112
  • Amazon Credit Bank of Brazil, 646
  • American and Foreign Power Company, 579, 581, 596
  • Argentina, relations with, 463, 634, 645
  • Atomic energy, raw materials for, 635
  • Banco de Brasil, 586
  • Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento Economico (National Economic Development Bank), 585, 599, 614–615, 617, 622
  • Beryl ore, 635
  • Bethlehem Steel Company, 214
  • Bolivia, relations with, 643
  • Brazilian Electric Power Company, 584
  • Brazilian Traction, Light and Power Company, 586
  • Castor oil, 635
  • Central do Brasil Railway, 574, 579–581, 583, 585–586
  • Cocoa export rates, 647
  • Coffee exports, 35, 591, 635, 643, 647, 650, 658, 663–665
  • Colombia, relations with, 643
  • Comissao Estadual de Energia Electrica, 584
  • Companhia Brasileira de Estireno, 585
  • Companhia Metalurgica Barbara, 585, 599
  • Companhia Vale de Rio Doce, S.A., 585
  • Compañía Rio Doce, 31
  • Congress of, 53, 125, 133, 190, 622, 624, 627n , 632, 637, 644, 652, 1634
  • Costeira shipping services, 619–620
  • Czechoslovakia:
    • Relations with, 643
    • Trade agreement of 1954, 31
  • Economic situation, 49, 92, 212, 248–249, 598, 600n , 606–607, 610–611, 614, 618, 622, 627, 633–637, 640–647, 658–660, 662–664
    • Cruzeiro devaluation, 596
    • Food shortages, 210, 590–591, 660
    • Foreign debt, 596, 620, 627, 641, 659–663
    • Foreign exchange deficit, 641, 644, 658
    • Monetary reforms, 18, 35
    • Remittance decree on foreign capital, 571–572, 574–577, 579, 600–601
    • U.S. responsibility for, 588, 619
  • Ecuador, relations with, 973–974
  • Executive Board for Railway Rehabilitation, 619
  • Export-Import Bank loans, 4, 17, 33, 55, 100, 236, 249–251, 254, 255, 573n , 575n , 579–582, 584–586, 592, 595–597, 599, 601, 607–608, 615, 620, 623, 627, 641–642, 650, 659
  • Export-Import Bank policy, 598, 661
  • Federal Reserve Board loans, 658–660, 662–663
  • Fongra Productos Quimicos, S.A., 586
  • Foreign Office of, 40, 625, 631–632, 638, 647–649, 651, 654n , 655, 664
  • Foreign policy, 642–643
  • Free exchange market, 606
  • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 572n
  • Hemispheric defense role, 635, 639, 645
  • Hemispheric solidarity, 643
  • Import policy, 32, 606–607, 609, 627
  • Industria e Comercio de Minerios, 585
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development loans, 33, 54, 215, 248, 573n , 575n , 579–586, 592, 597, 615, 617–618, 620, 627, 636, 641–642, 650
  • International Monetary Fund loans, 105, 578n , 606–607
  • Iron ore shipments to Poland, 31
  • Joint Brazil-U.S. Defense Board, 61, 111, 632, 648, 651
  • Joint Brazil-U.S. Defense Commission, 61, 125–126, 134–135, 235
  • Joint Brazil-U.S. defense organizations, 39–40, 165, 631–633, 648–649, 651–654
  • Joint Brazil-U.S. Economic Board, formation of, 650
  • Joint Brazil-U.S. Economic Development Commission (JBUSEDC), 17, 248, 571–573, 581, 587–596, 602–605, 609–613, 615–622, 624, 641, 650–651, 1481
  • Joint Brazil-U.S. Military Commission (JBUSMC) in Rio, 61, 624, 653–656
  • Joint Brazil-U.S. Technical Commission, 188n
  • Korean conflict, 593–594
  • Lend-Lease settlement arrangement, 652
  • Lloyd Brasileiro shipping services, 32, 619–620
  • Manganes development, 214, 597, 635
  • Mica, 635
  • Military equipment purchases:
    • From non-U.S. sources, 168, 172
    • From the United Kingdom, 25, 43
    • From the United States, 42, 134, 170, 591–593, 653
  • Military situation, 638–640
  • Monazite, 628–629, 647, 657
  • Nationalism, 635–636
  • Organization of American States, role in, 634–635
  • Paraguay, relations with, 643, 1476–1480
  • Parana-Santa Catarina Railroad, 581, 584
  • Paulista Railway, 579–581, 584
  • Peru, relations with, 643, 1493
  • Petrobraz Government Petroleum Corporation, 32, 249, 1634
  • Petroleum development, 32, 228, 248, 627, 642, 644, 660, 663–664
  • Poland, relations with, 37, 643
  • Political situation, 64, 398–399, 571, 576, 589, 595, 613, 633, 638, 640, 643–645
    • Anti-Communist activities, 90, 97
    • Army coup, 1945, 636
    • Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), 638
    • CIO Maritime Union, 623
    • Communist activities, 46, 475, 636, 638, 645
    • Social Democratic Party, 637
    • Vargas’ suicide, Aug. 24, 1954, 658
  • Private investments, 213, 596–598, 633–634, 644
  • Quartz crystals, 635
  • Railroad development, 602–603
  • Rare earth compounds, 628–629
  • Rio Economic Conference, 651, 664
  • Shipping situation, 593, 623
  • Shipping vessels, U.S. sale of, 32–33, 114, 622–623
  • Soviet bloc, diplomatic relations with, 645
  • Soviet Union, diplomatic relations with, 634, 645
  • Steel mill financing, 253
  • Strategic location, 635
  • Strategic materials, 20, 635
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, Resolution XCIII, 1103, 1106
  • Thorium compounds, 628–630, 647, 657
  • United Nations, support of U.S. proposals in, 643
  • United States:
    • Attitude toward, 58, 162, 295, 367, 463, 576–577, 589–590, 614, 618, 621–622, 624–627, 632, 634, 638, 642–643, 645, 653, 660
    • Relations with, 598, 613
  • U.S. base facilities in, 39, 92, 111, 653, 656–657
  • U.S. economic assistance, 4, 17, 575–586, 590, 595–603, 607–610, 612–615, 627, 633–634, 643–644, 650, 660–664
  • U.S. export interest in, 592, 599
  • U.S. information activities, 108
  • U.S. military assistance, 20–23, 141, 176–177, 183–185, 638–639
  • U.S. military forces in, 655–658
  • U.S. military grant assistance, 109–110, 122, 134, 144
  • U.S. public opinion toward, 601
  • U.S. shipping and aviation interests in, 16, 53
  • U.S. technical assistance, 14, 612, 615, 625–626, 643
  • Uranium, U.S. purchases, 628–631
  • Uruguay, relations with, 643, 1544, 1582
  • Usinas Eletricas de Parapanema, S.A., 586
  • Venezuela, relations with, 643
  • Volta Redonda, 254
  • Wheat:
    • Production, 627
    • U.S. sales, 50, 358, 361, 586, 647, 657
    • World Bank loans, 249, 601, 650
• Breuer, Carl, 154
• Bricker, John W., 28n
• Bridges, Styles, 1101
• Bridgett, Charles, 1524
• Briggs, Ellis, 951, 954n , 956
• Brister, William C., 1028
• British Bondholders Committee, 1510–1511
• British colonies, 58, 97
• British Guiana:
  • British control of, 97
  • British intervention in local politics, 29, 37–38
  • Concern over threat of Communism, 30
  • U.S. relations with, 29
• British Honduras. See Belize.
• Brossard, Edgar B., 1610n
• Brown, Emerson, 630, 683–685
• Brown, Willard O., 889n , 890
• Brown, Winthrop G., 485n , 669–672, 675–676, 682
• Brownell, Herbert, Jr., 41, 194–196, 224–226, 251, 262–263, 300, 304, 363, 803–804, 811–812, 1132–1133, 1340, 1346–1347, 1668, 1669n
• Brownell, Kenneth, 1517, 1521
• Bruce, David K. E., 132–135, 137–139, 190–191, 513, 516, 519, 769n , 770n , 1055, 1468, 1619n , 1628–1629, 1633
• Bruce, James, 429–430
• Bryde, Lt. Col. Walter J., 1642
• Buck, Ellsworth B., 321–322
• Budd, Ralph, 602n
• Budget, Bureau of the, 49, 63, 73, 88n , 119, 175, 201, 203, 218, 293, 298–299, 302–303, 812, 902, 942, 1360, 1419, 1427, 1528
• Bull, Lt. Gen. Harold R., 195
• Bunau-Varilla, 1416
• Bunker, Ellsworth, 400–409, 419–420, 422
• Burgess, Carter L., 344
• Burgess, W. Randolph, 243n , 253, 1532
• Burnett, John G., 221–222
• Burnett, Philip M., 1253n
• Burns, Arthur F., 363
• Burr, Jorgé, 677, 682, 686
• Burrows, Charles R., 829–831, 852, 939–942, 1102, 1149n , 1160–1161, 1163, 1178–1179, 1186, 1220n , 1274–1275, 1304n , 1434n
• Bursley, Herbert S., 1301
• Burton, Ralph, 293
• Butler, George, 1004
• Butler, Robert, 887
• Butrón, German, 492
• Butterworth, W. Walton, 1112
• Buy American Act (Title III of the Appropriations Act), 296, 1418, 1457
• Cabell, Lt. Gen. Charles P., 67, 195, 648n , 1120
• Cabot, John M.:
  • Antitrust proceedings against United Fruit Company, 191n ,
  • Argentina, 436n , 440n , 467n
  • Bolivia, 526n , 528–529, 531, 534, 535n , 537–542
  • Brazil, 613n , 615, 621–622
  • Chile, 697, 699–703, 705–708, 721n , 733, 735–736, 739–740, 753
  • Colombia, 803–807, 811
  • Communism, 151, 158–159, 279–280, 369–370
  • Costa Rica, 827, 830–833, 835
  • Cuba, 885, 892n
  • Dominican Republic, 939n , 945–950, 955–956
  • Economic assistance, 197–201, 203–205, 1405
  • Eisenhower, Milton, 13, 159, 950
  • El Salvador, 166, 371, 1003, 1007–1010
  • Export-Import Bank, 198, 206–207, 299
  • Factfinding mission to Central America, 13, 19
  • Guatemala, 42, 1057–1061, 1071, 1088, 1090–1091, 1095–1097, 1112
  • Haiti, 1262–1268, 1269n
  • Inter-American Highway and Rama Road, 201–203
  • Mexico, U.S. relations with, 1339–1340, 1346–1349, 1354–1359
  • Nicaragua, 161
  • Organization of Central American States, 369–370
  • Panama, 1409–1410, 1414, 1416, 1420–1421, 1423, 1427n , 1433
  • Peru, 1509–1512
  • Technical assistance programs, 187
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, 158, 217, 264, 266–267, 278–280, 290, 299
  • U.S. policies toward Latin America, 29, 293–298
  • U.S. military relations with Latin America, 151–153, 157–162, 164–167, 171n
  • Uruguay, 1562, 1564–1567, 1569–1574
  • Venezuela, 160, 1648, 1672
• Cáceres Lehnhoff, Eduardo, 1207
• Cadet, Georges, 1250, 1251n
• Cady, John C., 321, 327–330
• Café Filho, João, 248–249, 645, 658, 660, 663–664
• Cafiero, Antonio Francisco, 453–454, 484
• Cahill, Bernard, 1046
• Caiado de Castro, Gen. Aguinaldo, 587
• Cain, Leighton, 1486–1487
• Calderón Guardia, Rafael, 367–368, 387, 828n , 858, 1384
• Cale, Edward G., 65n , 197–201, 221–224, 314, 352, 354, 355n , 358–359, 481n , 602, 878n , 911n , 938n , 964, 1088–1091, 1102, 1284n , 1538n , 1558n , 1560–1561
• Callahan, Paul E., 900
• Camara Souza, Egydio de, 664
• Cambronero, 1380, 1382
• Campbell, T. A., 727, 729
• Campos, Roberto, 334, 587
• Canada, 8, 71
• Canessa, Roberto, 365, 371, 1008n , 1009, 1013
• Capdevilla, Bishop, 1307
• Capehart, Homer E., 28, 51, 234n , 255, 482, 665
• Capehart Bill. See Export-Import Bank Management Act, P.L. 570 .
• Capehart Mission, 51
• Cárdenas, General Lázaro, 368, 1140, 1328, 1450
• CARE, 103, 751
• Carias Andino, Tiburcio, 386, 866, 1296–1299, 1313–1314, 1316–1317, 1320–1321
• Caribbean area. See under American Republics.
• Caribbean Legion, 375, 395–396, 852, 1056, 1063, 1068, 1071
• Carney, Adm. Robert B., 224, 304, 648n , 649, 656, 808–809, 1120, 1165
• Carroll, Col. Paul T., 2, 146, 149, 195, 224, 344
• Carroll, Peter, 1173
• Carter, Prescott, 873
• Carusi, Ugo, 321
• Castañeda Castro, Salvador, 1001
• Castellanos, Daniel, 1543–1544
• Castillo Armas, Col. Carlos:
  • Assassination attempt, 1165
  • Assumption of presidency, 1224n , 1225
  • Economic policies, 1233
  • Ecuadoran recognition of, 999
  • Figueres, plan to overthrow, 858, 866
  • Guatemalan armed forces, 391
  • Guatemalan asylees, 1220, 1227
  • Guatemalan ceasefire negotiations, 1020–1023, 1199–1208
  • Guatemalan Government, plans to overthrow, 367–368, 1128
  • Guatemalan junta, 1209–1210, 1218, 1223–1224, 1308
  • Guatemalan revolution, 1173, 1175–1177, 1180–1181, 1186, 1189–1191, 1193–1195, 1196n , 1197, 1449
  • Political support for, 385–386, 399, 1195, 1219
  • United States, Guatemalan relations with, 1217, 1226, 1232, 1234
• Castillo Gega, Antonio, 1323
• Castro, Héctor David, 94, 371, 1010–1012, 1025, 1196n
• Castro Cervantes, Fernando, 827–828, 858
• Celanese Corporation, 1617
• Central America (see also American Republics and individual countries), 365–399
• Central Intelligence Agency (see also U.S. information activities under individual countries), 46, 63, 151n , 182n , 208n , 279, 343, 409n , 547n , 709n , 755, 764, 861, 1031n , 1061n , 1094n , 1104n , 1118n , 1120, 1168–1169, 1171–1172, 1213, 1215, 1223n , 1392n , 1619n
• Chadwell, Marshall, 195
• Chamber of Commerce, U.S., 873
• Chamorro Vargas, Emiliano, 1379
• Chapin, Selden, 1430–1433, 1437–1440, 1444–1445, 1448–1455, 1458–1459, 1464–1466
• Chateaubriand, 435–436
• Cháves, Federico, 1471–1472, 1484–1485, 1487–1488
• Chaves, Jose, 810–811
• Cháves, Juan R., 1471
• Chennault, Claire L., 1308
• Cherry, Francis, 1650–1651
• Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo, 1569
• Chiari, Roberto, 1392–1393, 1396, 1401n
• Chile:
  • Agreements with the United States (see also under Copper below):
    • Air Force Mission agreements, Feb. 15, 1951, Sept. 9, 1953, and Mar. 15, 1954, 40, 61, 694
    • General Military Plan, approval of, 39
    • Military Assistance Agreement, 1952, 38, 123, 133–134, 144, 155, 669, 686–687, 691, 695, 712, 718
    • Naval Mission agreements, Feb. 15, 1950 and July 7, Sept. 21, and Oct. 13, 1953, 40, 61, 694
  • Agricultural production, 751, 759
  • Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (P.L. 480), 754–757, 760
  • American and Foreign Power Company, 668, 750
  • Anaconda Copper Mining Company, 708, 717, 724, 727–730, 737–739, 741
  • Anaconda mine strike, 678, 684
  • Argentina:
    • Economic cooperation with, 216, 463, 710, 719–720
    • Relations with, 718–719, 1538
  • Armed forces, 711, 715, 721
  • Banco Central, 676
  • Bolivia, relations with, 542–543, 556
  • CARE food distribution, 751
  • Coal miners unions, threat of strike by, 761, 764
  • Congress of, 50, 103, 243, 666, 676, 679, 682, 687n , 692–693, 695, 703, 710, 714, 716, 718–720, 731–732, 736–740, 742–744, 748, 750, 754, 764
  • Copper (see also Copper industry, nationalization of, below), 671, 676, 697–699
    • Agreement with the United States, 1951, 677, 680–682, 683n , 694, 698
    • Exports, 16, 36, 50, 55, 57, 63–64, 489, 717
    • Market in Europe, 701
    • Pricing, 666–667, 670–674, 676, 677n , 678–687, 690, 694, 697–701, 703–705, 708, 717, 722, 725, 730–731, 738, 740, 743, 749, 754
    • Sales to the Soviet bloc, prevention of, 15, 31, 36, 52, 58, 243, 308, 698, 701–702, 706, 708, 723–725, 727, 735, 742–746, 750, 753
    • Tax on, 32, 57, 675, 696, 705
    • U.S. companies, 667–668, 678, 695, 722, 729, 749, 753
    • U.S. negotiations, 672–675, 677n , 678, 724–733, 735
    • U.S. purchases, 34, 46, 50, 52, 297, 667–668, 703–704, 708–709, 711, 721–724, 729–731, 739–746, 749, 753–754, 756
    • U.S. stockpile purchases, 211, 233, 243, 684, 699–706, 709, 722, 725–726, 728, 735–739, 742, 753–754
    • U.S. supply deficit, 669–673
    • Unsold, 679, 697, 699–700, 703, 707–708, 717, 723–724, 727, 735, 745, 749–750
  • Copper industry, nationalization of, 492, 502, 678, 689–690, 698, 720, 1634
  • Council of University Presidents, 762
  • Drake Passage, strategic importance of, 694
  • Economic situation, 18, 46, 49–50, 92, 103, 159, 200–201, 210, 212, 243, 679–680, 693–694, 698, 700, 703–705, 707–711, 714, 716–719, 721–722, 730, 735, 741, 748–754, 756, 759, 761, 763–765
    • Food shortages, 754–756
    • Foreign exchange situation, 677, 748
    • Peso revaluation, 57, 105
  • Export-Import Bank loans, 55, 667, 691, 694–695, 717, 750–752, 756, 758, 760
  • Foreign Office of, 52n , 681, 733
  • Foreign policy, 697, 718–719
  • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 694, 696
  • Guatemala, relations with, 1069
  • Hemispheric defense role, 144
  • Huachipato steel mill, 695
  • Import Certificate and Delivery Verification System (ICDV), 52, 98, 725, 742, 746, 750, 753
  • Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, 718
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development loans, 33, 252, 687, 691, 695, 751–752, 760
  • International Monetary Fund loans, 105, 684, 751–752, 756–758, 760
  • Iodine production, 693, 750
  • Kennecott Copper Corporation, 708, 717, 724, 728–730, 737, 739, 741
  • Korean conflict, 668
  • La Nación, 676
  • Military situation, 715
  • Military equipment purchases:
    • From non-U.S. sources, 172
    • From the United Kingdom, 63, 111
    • From the United States, 25–26, 140
  • Mineral production, 693
  • Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act of 1951, 718
  • National City Bank loans, 57, 752
  • Nitrate production, 211, 676, 693, 750
  • Peru, relations with, 1508, 1519
  • Petroleum production, 667, 756–757
  • Political situation, 134, 672, 676–677, 679, 688–691, 693, 695, 709–715, 719–721, 724, 737–738, 741, 747–748, 758, 763–765
    • Anti-Communist activity, 97
    • Central Unica de Trabajadores de Chile (CUTCH), 713, 715
    • Communist activities, 36, 475, 702, 710, 715, 720, 734–735, 759, 763
    • Communist party membership, 714
    • Election results, 687–691
  • Private investments, 309, 678, 701, 750, 752
  • Pulp-paper, loans to develop, 17
  • Soviet bloc (see also Sales to the Soviet bloc under Copper, above):
    • Diplomatic and trade relations with, reestablishment of, 718
    • Strategic materials sales to, 692, 697, 699, 718
  • Soviet Union, diplomatic relations with, 689–690, 692, 726–727, 735
  • Steel mills, 667, 694, 695
  • Technical Cooperation Program, 761–762
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, 734, 736
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 11
  • United Nations, support of U.S. proposals in, 667–668, 696, 710, 718, 720
  • United States, attitude toward, 36, 667–668, 677, 679–680, 685–687, 692–693, 695–696, 701, 712–714, 718, 720, 726, 733–736, 741, 752
  • U.S. cargo shipments, 33
  • U.S. economic assistance, 236, 361, 667, 678, 687–688, 695–698, 710, 720, 725, 734, 737, 751–752, 754–760
  • U.S. exports, discrimination against, 696
  • U.S. information and cultural programs, 19, 90, 108, 762–763
  • U.S. military assistance, 38, 61, 109, 112, 116, 131, 141, 170, 183–185, 694–695, 698, 715, 718
  • U.S. military grant assistance, 110, 122–123, 131, 183, 667
  • U.S. public opinion toward, 685
  • U.S. shipping and aviation interests in, 16, 53
  • U.S. technical assistance, 694, 698
  • Venezuela, relations with, 1675
  • World Bank loans, 717
• Chinese representation in the United Nations, 12
• Chiriboga Villagómez, José Ricardo, 972–975, 981–983, 987–990, 996–999
• Chocano Becerra, Alfredo, 1029–1030, 1057–1059, 1180, 1187n , 1188
• Christensen, Keld, 147n
• Churchill, Winston S., 1092
• Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, Section 802, 1332–1333
• Civil Aeronautics Authority, 64
• Civil Aeronautics Board, 781–783, 1059, 1331–1336, 1639
• Clark, Col., 1170, 1178, 1186
• Clark, David, 1027, 1046
• Clark, Edward W., 1027–1030, 1037–1038, 1043n , 1044–1049, 1055n , 1400–1402
• Clay, Eugene, 1285, 1287–1291
• Cleofas do Oliveira, João, 625
• Cochabamba–Santa Cruz Highway, 34, 95
• Cochrane, Vice Adm. E. L., 602
• Coerr, Wymberley DeR., 1142
• Colimon, René, 1250
• Collins, Gen. J. Lawton, 13, 21, 150n , 151–152, 195
• Colombia:
  • Agreements with the United States:
    • Air Force Mission Agreement, Feb. 21, 1949, 40, 62, 111n , 144
    • Army Mission Agreement, Oct. 6 and Nov. 17, 1954, 40, 62, 111, 144
    • Bilateral Aviation Agreement, 780, 782–783
    • Kellogg-Olaya Pact of 1929, 781–782
    • Military assistance agreement, Apr. 17, 1952, 38, 122–123, 133, 177, 766, 774, 795–796
    • Navy Mission Agreement, Oct. 14, 1946, 40, 62, 111n , 144
    • Treaty of peace, amity, navigation, and commerce, 1846, 799, 807
  • Braniff International Airways, authorization of, 781, 783
  • Brazil, relations with, 643
  • Congress of, 782–783, 799
  • Costa Rica, relations with, 365
  • Defense Ministry of, 155
  • Economic development program, 785, 814
  • Economic situation, 785, 808, 814–816
  • Export-Import Bank loans, 55, 766, 809
  • Fourth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of American States, 792
  • Guatemala, possibility of military action against, 1042–1043, 1069–1071, 1081
  • Hemispheric defense role, 177, 767, 775, 779, 788, 816
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development loans, 33, 252, 766–767, 785
  • Joint Western Hemisphere defense effort, 788
  • Korean conflict, participation in, 3–4, 11, 25, 41, 62–63, 109, 114, 118, 177, 239, 303, 768–774, 778–779, 784–785, 789–796, 816
    • U.S. reimbursement, 41, 119, 769–774, 778, 780, 783–787, 789, 792–793, 803–804, 808–812
  • Military Assistance Advisory Group, 38, 141
  • Military equipment purchases:
    • From non-U.S. sources, 111, 172
    • From the United States, 26, 42, 63, 773–775, 778–779, 788, 795–796, 813, 816
  • Military equipment requirements, 768
  • Military expenses, 814–816
  • Netherlands, 148–149, 800
  • Nicaragua, relations with, 1375
  • Peru, relations with, 1511
    • Haya de la Torre asylum case, 48, 158, 265–266, 268, 1514–1516
  • Political situation, 365–367, 398, 775–776, 778–780, 797, 807–808
    • Army coup d’état, June 13, 1953, 12, 802
    • Communist activities, 775–776
    • Guerrilla activities, 775–776, 785, 795
    • Guerrillas, amnesty and rehabilitation for, 807
  • Protestant situation, 776–777, 796–803, 805–807
  • Recognition of new government by the United States, 12, 803
  • Spain, relations with, 797–798
  • Steel mill financing, 253
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, 808–809
  • United Fruit Company, 393
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 800
  • United States, attitude toward, 295, 798, 800, 815
  • U.S. aviation problems, 53
  • U.S. economic assistance, 802, 815–816
  • U.S. intervention, request for, 798
  • U.S. military assistance, 38, 109, 141, 183–185, 769–774, 788, 812–813, 815–817
  • U.S. military grant assistance, 110, 122–123, 127, 131, 134, 177, 183, 779
  • U.S. technical assistance, 260, 802
  • Venezuelan guerrillas, military equipment for, 775
• Colombo Plan for Economic Development in South and Southeast Asia, 317
• Commerce, Department of, 46, 63–64, 92, 201, 202n , 218–219, 226–227, 302–303, 319, 326, 599, 709, 913, 1046–1048, 1629
• Committee for Cultural Action, 273–275
• Commodities Exchange Authority, 664–665
• Commodity Credit Corporation, 883, 889, 923
• Common Defense Scheme for the American Continent, 23n , 123n , 135, 1075n , 1658n
• Communism, U.S., 97, 288
• Conant, James B., 1126n , 1163
• Confederation of Latin American Workers, 408, 410, 412–413, 418, 426, 433, 457–459, 464, 1033, 1035, 1065–1066, 1072
• Congress, U.S.:
  • Acts and bills (see also National security policy of the United States):
    • Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933, 1573–1574
    • Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (P.L. 480), 76, 80, 84, 88, 103–104, 341–342, 338, 358, 361–362, 754–757, 760
    • An act to promote the defense of the United States (P.L. 11), 1522
    • An act to protect the rights of vessels of the U.S. on the high seas and in territorial waters of foreign countries (P.L. 680), 1518
    • Appropriations Act (Buy American Act, P.L. 428), Mar. 3, 1933, 296, 1418, 1457
    • Capehart Bill. See Export-Import Bank Management Act, below.
    • Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, 1332–1333
    • Customs Simplification Act, 1538, 1540, 1542, 1561
    • Defense Production Act of 1950 (P.L. 774), 75, 1504
    • Economic Cooperation Act of 1948 (Title I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1948), 15n –16n , 1266
    • Export-Import Bank Management Act (Capehart Bill, P.L. 570), 234, 296n , 1418, 1457
    • Famine Relief Act of 1953 (P.L. 216), 535–537
    • Federal Aid and Highway Act of 1952 (P.L. 413), 202, 1370
    • Foreign Assistance Act of 1948, Title I (P.L. 472), 15n , 16n , 1266
    • Foreign Economic Assistance Act of 1950 (P.L. 535), 1481n
    • Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (P.L. 414), 1325, 1514–1515, 1669
    • Mexican migrant labor bill (Title V of the Agricultural Act of 1949) (P.L. 309), 1358–1360
    • Mutual Defense Assistance Act. See Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949 .
    • Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act of 1951 (Battle Act, P.L. 213), 31, 98, 124, 471, 718, 969
    • Mutual Security Acts. See Mutual Security Acts.
    • Reciprocal Trade Act of 1934 (P.L. 316), 72
    • Simpson Bill, 1342, 1558–1560, 1649, 1652–1653
    • Smith Act, 1072
    • Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act of 1946 (“Stock Piling Act”, P.L. 520), 76
    • Sugar Act of 1948 (P.L. 388), 99, 901–903, 910–913, 921, 925–926, 1267, 1510–1511
    • Sugar Act of 1951, 92, 902, 910, 913–914, 917, 922, 925
    • Tariff Act of 1930 (P.L. 361), 72, 1538, 1560
    • Trade Agreements Act of 1934, 1560, 1628–1629
    • Trade Agreement Extension Act of 1951, 1590, 1601, 1605–1606, 1609, 1629, 1631–1632, 1649, 1652–1653
    • Trading with the Enemy Act, 1114–1115
    • Walter Bill (P.L. 283), 1324–1326
    • Western Hemisphere Trading Act, 234
  • Bolivia, 487, 497, 523, 561
  • Brazil, 622–623, 664–665
  • Brazilian shipping program (P.L. 496), 32, 53, 623–624
  • Chile, 685
  • Coffee, importation of, 295, 298, 664–665
  • Colombia, 799, 810
  • Costa Rica, 837
  • Cuba, 896, 902, 910–911, 913–914, 916–917, 919, 922, 925
  • Debt limit extension, 700
  • Dominican Republic, 950
  • Economic assistance, 55, 70
  • Exchange of Persons Program, 108
  • Foreign aid legislation, 35, 49, 55, 70, 215, 236–237, 242
  • Guatemala:
    • Communism and high coffee prices, 297
    • U.S. relations with, 1040, 1045, 1049–1050, 1100–1101, 1111, 1163
  • Haiti, 1280–1281
  • Honduras, 1309–1311
  • House of Representatives:
    • Activities, 623, 950
    • Committees: Agriculture, 95, 902, 911; Appropriations, 837; Banking and Currency, 256; Foreign Affairs, 223–224, 1163; Marine and Fisheries, 623; Public Works, 1370; Select Committee on Communist Aggression, 1101; Ways and Means, 1342n , 1609, 1649
  • Inter-American Highway and Rama Road, 3, 18, 49, 55, 102, 202–203, 837, 1045, 1049–1050
  • International Finance Corporation, 100
  • Mexico, 1325, 1332, 1342, 1358–1360
  • Military assistance legislation, 20, 38, 60, 62, 117, 122, 132, 145, 199–200, 929, 1020, 1280–1281, 1309–1311
  • Nicaragua, 1370
  • Panama, 1412, 1427
  • Panama Canal Zone negotiations, 1412, 1427
  • Peru, 1499, 1518
  • Private investments in Latin America, 190, 234, 342
  • Rama Road construction grants, 55, 102, 213
  • Senate:
    • Activities, 16n , 53, 357, 623, 799, 950
    • Committees: Armed Services, 487n , 497, 685; Banking and Currency, 28, 50–51, 253, 256, 665; Finance, 902, 1546, 1609, 1653; Foreign Relations, 95, 810, 919, 1163; Public Works, 1370; Small Business, 1633
  • Uruguay, 1538, 1540, 1542, 1546, 1558–1561
  • Venezuela, 1590, 1605, 1609, 1632–1633, 1649, 1652–1653, 1655
• Conn, Stetson, 167n
• Connell, John G., Jr., 304
• Connett, William B., Jr., 914–916, 918, 942n , 943n , 945n , 1240–1242, 1247n , 1248–1253, 1270–1273, 1274n
• Coolidge, T. Jefferson, 263, 829–830, 832, 842
• Cooperative Fiber Commission, 885, 890, 892
• Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere (CARE), 103, 751
• Coordinating Committee of the Paris Consultative Group (COCOM), 187, 329
• Corbett, Jack C., 255n , 294, 528, 595n , 613n , 662–664, 974n , 989n , 1231n , 1278–1279, 1489, 1530n , 1545
• Corcoran, Thomas, 841–842
• Cordova, Lt. Col. Manuel de J., 1001
• Cordóva Cerna, Juan, 1200, 1204, 1207, 1209–1210, 1218–1219, 1223–1224
• Corliss, James C., 1522
• Coronado Lira, Luis Alberto, 1204, 1207
• Corse, Carl D., 1600, 1605–1613, 1628n , 1629–1633
• Costa Rica:
  • Acción Democratica exiles in, 366, 376–377, 395
  • Agreements with the United States:
    • Army Mission agreements, Dec. 10, 1945, July 2 and Sept. 18, 1953, 24, 40, 391
    • Bilateral Military Assistance Agreement, 821–823, 843–844
  • Agriculture Cooperative Service, 825
  • American and Foreign Power Company, 827
  • Betancourt case, 1669–1670, 1672–1674
  • Colombia, relations with, 365
  • Congress of, 824, 827, 834
  • Cuba, relations with, 852–853, 866
  • Czechoslovakia, relations with, 398
  • Dominican Republic, relations with, 96, 839, 852, 961
  • Economic situation, 53, 392, 819–820, 825
  • El Salvador, relations with, 365, 828, 1024–1025
  • Electric power development, 819, 821, 837
  • Foreign Office of, 822n , 846–847
  • Guatemala, relations with, 14, 369, 858–862, 866, 1042, 1068
  • Guatemalan Government, recognition of, 1211
  • Guatemalan-sponsored Communist activities, 1055–1066
  • Haiti, relations with, 852
  • Hemispheric defense role, 822
  • Honduras, relations with, 828
  • Inter-American Highway, 202–203, 820, 822–823, 837
  • Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance:
    • Article III, 856, 861–865
    • U.S. military obligations under, 377, 861–864
  • Internal security, 377, 822
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development loans, 819, 821, 837–838
  • Military equipment purchases from the United States, 376–377, 818–819, 822–825, 845–847, 851
  • National Power and Light Company (Cía. Nacional Fuera y Luz), 820
  • Nicaragua, relations with (see also Somoza assassination plot, below), 96, 365, 371, 374–379, 381, 828, 844, 846, 848, 852, 854–855, 858, 862, 1043, 1373–1374, 1376–1390
  • Nicaraguan exiles in, 376, 1386–1387
  • Nicaraguan invasion, July 9, 1954, 848–851, 864–866, 1385
  • Panama, relations with, 365, 828, 852
  • Political prisoners, 375
  • Political situation, 366, 380, 384, 820, 827–828, 852–853, 858–862, 865–866
    • Anti-Communist revolution of 1948, 390
    • Communist activities, 828, 840
    • Democratic government, 383, 387
    • Elections, 399, 827–828, 1056
    • Figueres, plot to overthrow. See under Figueres Ferrer, José .
    • Las Cruces shooting, 849
  • Private investments, 46, 52, 393, 836–838
  • Puerto Gonzáles strike, 390, 838
  • Somoza assassination plot, complicity in, 371, 375, 379, 396, 857
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, boycott of, 865
  • United Fruit Company, 53, 192, 377, 393–394, 821, 827, 829–836, 838, 841–842, 844–845, 1666
  • United States, attitude toward, 821, 828, 836, 845
  • U.S. economic assistance, 114
  • Point IV program, 825–826
  • U.S. military assistance, 376, 379, 825, 846, 848, 851, 854–856, 861–864, 1161
  • U.S. technical assistance, 825–826
  • Venezuela, relations with, 96, 266, 365, 372–378, 381, 839–841, 846, 851–853, 858–862, 866, 1666, 1669
  • Venezuelan exiles in, 366, 376–377
• Cottrell, Sterling, 600n , 602, 612, 613n , 615, 621n , 753n , 654n , 662n , 664–665, 1564
• Courand, Claude, 494, 629, 732, 743
• Couse, Robert R., 221
• Cowen, Myron, 1499
• Craig, H. S., 1087n
• Craig, Lt. Gen. Howard A., 61, 1237
• Cravens, Kenton R., 528, 531, 534n , 559n
• Crawford, Col. Stuart F., 125, 136, 1547
• Crosby, Laurence, 873
• Cruz Salazar, Lt. Col. José Luis, 1197, 1203, 1210n , 1237
• Cruz Wer, Rogelio, 1191–1192
• Cuadros Sanchez, Augusto, 546
• Cuba:
  • Agreements with the United States:
    • Air Force Mission agreements, Dec. 22, 1950 and July 7, Sept. 21 and Oct. 13, 1953, 40
    • Air Transport Agreement, May 26, 1953, 544, 907n , 908
    • Army Mission agreements, Aug. 28, 1951 and June 2, Sept. 21 and Oct. 13, 1953, 40, 42
    • Military Assistance Agreement, Mar. 7, 1952, 36, 38, 123, 133, 144, 391, 867, 872, 876
    • Plan of the Governments of Cuba and the United States of America for Their Common Defense, 1952, 867
  • American Smelting and Refining Company, 886
  • Billiton Company, 886–887
  • CMQ radio network broadcasts, 1216–1217
  • Communism, attitude toward, 871–872
  • Congress of, 869, 899
  • Consolidated Railroads, 252
  • Copper industry, 922
  • Costa Rica, relations with, 852–853, 866
  • Cuban exiles in the United States, 897–898
  • Cuban Labor Confederation, 389
  • Cuban National Cartographic Institute, 920
  • Dominican Republic, relations with, 870
  • Economic situation, 392, 875, 878–882, 893–895, 902–903, 905, 909, 918, 921–924
  • Export-Import Bank loans, 55, 393
  • Ferrocarriles Occidentales de Cuba, 909
  • Foreign Office of, 909, 910n
  • Foreign public accountants, 908
  • Freeport Sulphur Company Nicaro plant, 885–889
  • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 904, 905n , 909, 910n , 922–923
  • General Motors Acceptance Corporation, 905
  • Guantánamo Bay Naval Base, 382, 872
  • Hemispheric defense role, 177, 390–391
  • Henequen industry, 907
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development loans, 393
  • International Harvester Company, 907
  • International Telephone and Telegraph, 906
  • Isle of Pines Steamship Company, 904
  • Kenaf cooperative fiber project, 881–885, 889–895, 920
  • Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), 141–142, 877, 920
  • Military equipment purchases from the United States, 42, 60, 184–185, 914–916
  • Mutual Defense Assistance Program (MDAP), 109, 182–183, 920
  • Mutual Security Act of 1951, 892–895
  • Point IV Agreement, 881, 893–894
  • National Cartographic Institute, 920
  • National Lead Company, 887
  • Nickel Processing Corporation, 886
  • Nickel production, 872, 885–889
  • Passport and visa regulations, 97
  • Political situation, 379–380, 384, 385, 867–875, 879, 882, 893, 895–896, 898–899, 902, 916–918
    • Batista coup d’état, 1952, 384, 395, 867–872
    • Communist activities, 51, 380, 878–879, 896–897, 899–906
    • Communist Party membership, 387–388
    • Popular Socialist Party (PSP), 389
    • Presidential elections, 381, 399
    • Revolution attempt at Santiago, July 26, 1953, 899
    • “Sergeants’ Revolt”, 1933, 384
  • Private investments, 309, 393, 869, 872, 881, 904, 923
  • Recognition of new government, 868, 871–872
  • Rice import quota, 905, 924
  • Sajma cargo, 1124
  • Seatrain services, 906
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 871
  • Spain, relations with, 870
  • Strategic importance to the United States, 930
  • Strategic mineral exports, 382
  • Sugar Act of 1948, 901–903, 910–913, 921, 925–926
  • Sugar situation, 392, 875, 878–881, 893, 914, 917
    • U.S. trade restrictions, 34, 92, 94, 901–903, 906, 911–912, 917, 921, 925–926
  • Supreme Court of, 895
  • Tobacco exports, 922
  • Tobacco Workers Federation, 896
  • Tourism, 923
  • United Nations, support of U.S. proposals in, 879
  • United States, attitude toward, 901
  • U.S. aviation interests in, 16
  • U.S. economic assistance, 94, 880–881, 904, 914, 921–924
  • U.S. military assistance, 36, 60, 872, 893, 895
  • U.S. military grant assistance, 110, 122–123, 134, 144, 177, 882, 894–895
  • U.S. private industry, debts to, 924
  • U.S. technical assistance, 884, 894, 919–920
  • Venezuela, relations with, 1667
• Cuevas, MacKenna, Francisco, 732
• Culbertson, Paul T., 1327n , 1328, 1336
• Cunningham, Fred, 819–821
• Curaçao (see also Netherlands Antilles), 127
• Customs Simplification Act, 1538, 1540, 1542, 1561
• Cutler, Gen. Robert, 2–4, 44, 67–68, 72–74, 76–79, 146–147, 149–150, 169, 175, 195, 224–225, 300, 304, 306, 344–351, 363, 765, 804, 812, 842, 1100–1101, 1122–1123, 1131–1132
• Czechoslovakia (see also under Guatemala: Military equipment purchases from), 15, 31, 398, 969, 1627, 1646
• Daniels, Paul C., 966n , 967–968, 970–973, 976n , 980, 986, 990n , 1198n , 1301
• Dantas, Joāo, 659
• Darton, Horace, 1240, 1248, 1268, 1271
• Dasso, Andrés F., 1525–1527
• Davis, Bainbridge C., 374n , 1635n , 1636–1642, 1652n , 1668n , 1672–1673
• Davis, John H., 892n
• Davis, Lt. Col. Craig C., 771n , 791n
• Davis, Roy T., 1274, 1282–1286, 1288, 1292
• Davis, Vice Adm. Arthur C., 169, 176, 178, 238n , 648n , 808, 1454, 1662, 1665, 1671
• de Aráujo, Vice Adm. Ernesto, 656
• de Arechaga, Jimenez, 1535
• de Diego, Mario, 1413
• de la Colina, Rafael, 5, 1330
• de la Torriente, Cosme, 895
• de Moya, Manuel A., 841, 964
• de Obarrio, Henrique, 1420
• Dearborn, Henry, 404n , 419–421, 436n , 447–449, 451n , 469, 471n , 478n , 1564–1567
• Debayle, Leon, 1389
• DeBeers, John S., 294, 528, 662, 1545
• Deception Island, 11
• Defense Production Act of 1950 (P.L. 774), 75, 1504
• Defense, Department of:
  • Argentina, 176, 247, 478
  • Bolivia, 242
  • Brazil, 92, 111, 176–177, 249, 570, 605, 631–632, 651–652, 656
  • Chile, 691
  • Colombia, 62, 118, 177, 769–772, 778–780, 786–788, 791, 793, 810, 812
  • Communism, 46, 279, 1122, 1124
  • Costa Rica, 818–819, 844, 856
  • Cuba, 42, 876–877, 914–916
  • Dominican Republic, 133, 927, 929–931, 933–934, 938
  • Ecuador, 142–144, 970–971, 973, 976n , 977–980, 985–987, 990n , 991, 993–995
  • El Salvador, 168–169, 1002, 1009–1012, 1014, 1015n , 1020
  • Guatemala:
    • Communist shipments of military equipment to, 1122, 1124
    • U.S. relations with, 42, 109, 1118n , 1161, 1171
  • Guatemalan revolution, 1181n , 1236–1237
  • Haiti, 60, 162, 1275–1276, 1280–1282
  • Honduras, 168–169, 1304, 1311
  • Korean conflict, 119
  • Latin American Coordinating Committee, 135–136
  • Military Assistance Advisory Groups, 137–142
  • Military assistance, 44, 91, 109–113, 124, 129, 131–132, 146–147, 150–153, 168–171, 176–177, 199–200
  • Mutual Defense Assistance Program, 171n , 182n
  • Nicaragua, 152, 161, 168–169
  • Panama, 218, 1399, 1429, 1431–1432, 1437, 1441–1443, 1455n , 1463
  • Paraguay, 247
  • Peru, 240, 1491, 1495–1496, 1499–1501, 1530
  • Rio Economic Conference, 339, 342n , 343
  • Rubber research program, 220
  • Standardization of the armed forces, 79, 114, 150, 171–175
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, 63, 158, 278–279
  • U.S. Mapping Program, 163, 164n
  • U.S. military relations with Latin America, 63–64, 79, 113–115, 125–129, 132–135, 137–142, 144–146, 157–169, 208n
  • Venezuela, 166, 238, 1597, 1599, 1635n , 1641–1642, 1644, 1646, 1659–1665, 1672
• Defense Materials Board, 241
• Defense Materials Procurement Agency, 696, 704, 1504
• Defense Mobilization, Office of. See Office of Defense Mobilization.
• Defense Mobilization Board, 707–709, 721–723, 739–740, 742–745, 753, 1531
• Defense Production Administration, 683, 685, 704–705, 883–884, 890, 1249
• DeGaulle, Gen. Charles, 649
• del Pedregal Herrera, Guillermo, 693, 731–732, 746
• Delany, Walter S., 194, 224
• DeLarm, Jerry, 859
• Diaz, Col. Carlos Enrique, 1175, 1189–1194, 1197
• Díaz Ordóñez, Virgilio, 158, 935
• Ditisheim, Hans, 494–496, 498, 500
• Division of Research for American Republics, 1143, 1145, 1147
• Dixon, Pierson, 1178n , 1185
• Dodge, Joseph M., 2, 49, 149, 194, 200–201, 224, 300, 304, 344, 364, 534n , 536, 1534
• Doggett, Clinton L., 321, 323
• Domínguez Cámpora, Alberto, 133, 1535, 1536n , 1537, 1542–1544, 1567–1569, 1581
• Dominican Republic:
  • Agreements with the United States:
    • Agreement for extending the long-range proving ground for the testing of guided missiles, Nov. 26, 1951, 930n
    • Military Assistance Agreement, Mar. 6, 1953, 937–938, 947, 953
  • Antilles area defense, 927–929
  • Cía. Electrica, 951–952
  • Coffee and cacao exports, 961, 963
  • Congress of, 950
  • Costa Rica, relations with, 839, 852, 862, 866, 961
  • Cuba, relations with, 870
  • Dry-dock facilities, 104
  • Economic situation, 944–945, 958–961, 963
  • El Caribe, 948–951, 955
  • El Salvador, relations with, 365
  • Foreign Office of, 951
  • Furfural production plant, 104
  • Grenada Company, 951–952
  • Guatemala:
    • Military action against, possibility of, 1042–1043, 1069–1071, 1081
    • Relations with, 961, 1042, 1068–1069, 1221
  • Gypsum plant, 104
  • Haiti, relations with, 394, 961, 1258, 1262
  • Hemispheric defense role, 390–391, 927, 933
  • International Sugar Agreement, 961
  • Korean conflict, involvement in, 25
  • Military equipment purchases:
    • From the United Kingdom, 25
    • From the United States, 42
  • Nicaragua, relations with, 365
  • Petroleum companies, 952
  • Political situation, 379–380, 384–385, 958, 960, 962–963
    • Anti-Communist activity, 936–937, 939–942
    • Presidential elections, 399
    • Trujillo. See below .
  • Private investments, 46, 52–53, 393–394, 939, 943–946, 948, 951–952, 958, 960–963
  • Rubber programs, 947, 953
  • South Puerto Rico Sugar Company, 104, 948
  • Spain, relations with, 961
  • Sugar industry, 308–309, 392, 394, 961, 963, 964–965
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, Resolution XCIII, 940
  • Trujillo:
    • Overthrow of, Caribbean conspiracy, 395
    • U.S. policy toward, 962–963
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 961
  • United Nations, support of U.S. proposals in, 951, 953, 956–958
  • United States:
    • Attitude toward, 942–943, 947–955, 957–959, 962
    • Diplomatic relations with, 949–950, 954–956
  • U.S. economic assistance, 929
  • U.S. military assistance, 20, 31–32, 38, 42, 109–110, 122, 128–129, 133, 141–142, 144, 183, 185, 390–391, 931–935, 937, 946–948, 952–953, 955, 958, 965
  • U.S. technical assistance, 939, 942, 947, 956
• Dominique, Alexandre, 1248, 1250, 1251n
• Donnelly, Walter, 1103, 1104n , 1117, 1154, 1168, 1170–1171
• Donovan, Andrew E., II, 1017–1019, 1202
• Dorr, Robert J., 1497, 1500n , 1506n
• Dorsinville, Roger, 1267
• Dreier, John C., 157–158, 264–265, 270, 278, 299n , 1102, 1105, 1117n , 1149n , 1153, 1157n , 1160–1162, 1178–1179, 1187
• Dubois, Juan Mauricio, 1197, 1210n
• Duke, Angier B., 365, 1004
• Dulles, Allen W., 146, 149, 195, 224, 226, 304, 344, 350, 1101n , 1122, 1132–1133, 1169, 1173–1174, 1177, 1181n , 1320
• Dulles, Eleanor Lansing, 1028
• Dulles, John Foster:
  • Antitrust proceedings against the United Fruit Company, 194, 196, 224–225, 262
  • Argentina, 434, 436–437, 440–441, 446–447, 449–452, 467–468, 477
  • Bolivia, 49, 522–525, 532, 535–536, 568–569
  • Brazil, 176, 362, 606–607, 608n , 609, 613–616, 622, 623n , 646, 650–651, 652n , 653, 655.
  • Chile, 362, 723, 735, 744n , 746–747, 754, 755n , 764
  • Coffee, importation of, 295n , 301
  • Colombia, 239, 771n , 793, 803, 807–811
  • Colonialism, 306
  • Communism, 301, 303–304, 939–941, 1214
  • Costa Rica, 373, 834n , 835, 850–851, 861, 863n
  • Cuba, 900–903
  • Dominican Republic, 937, 939–941, 943–945, 948
  • Economic development, 217, 234, 261–262, 337, 482
  • Ecuador, 976–980, 975–987
  • Eisenhower Report, 197, 229–230
  • El Salvador, 168, 1019n , 1022n
  • Export-Import Bank, 198, 217, 234, 255
  • Foreign aid, 197–200, 302–303, 362
  • Guatemala:
    • Communist shipments of military equipment to, 1111, 1116–1118, 1120, 1122–1123, 1125, 1132–1133, 1137–1139, 1144, 1163–1168, 1173
    • U.S. relations with, 1097–1098, 1101n , 1102n , 1103, 1106–1107, 1110, 1119n , 1127, 1131, 1134, 1136, 1143, 1154, 1155n , 1157–1160, 1169n , 1171–1172, 1209, 1211, 1223–1224, 1228, 1230, 1234–1238
  • Guatemalan asylees, 1221–1222, 1223n
  • Guatemalan ceasefire negotiations, 1202–1203
  • Guatemalan revolution, 1177, 1179, 1181n , 1182–1187, 1191n , 1198–1199, 1208–1209
  • Haiti, 1275–1277, 1282, 1291–1292
  • Honduras, 168, 1105, 1303–1307, 1311, 1315, 1321–1322
  • Mexico, 1340, 1346n , 1349–1354, 1358, 1367–1368
  • Netherlands, 148n , 178n
  • Nicaragua, 166, 168, 379, 1383, 1385–1388
  • Panama, 95, 1410, 1414–1415, 1417, 1420–1423, 1430, 1432–1433, 1437–1438, 1440–1442, 1445–1448, 1455–1459, 1462–1464
  • Paraguay, 1486, 1489
  • Peru, 1513n , 1516, 1517n , 1528
  • Private investment, 229n
  • Rio Economic Conference, 361, 363
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, 48–49, 217, 265–271, 290, 295n , 300–306, 309, 337, 940
  • U.S. policy toward, Central America, 378–379
  • U.S. Mapping Program, 163
  • U.S. military relations with Latin America, 144–147, 153n , 1378
  • U.S. policies toward Latin America, 13, 89n
  • Uruguay, 296, 1558–1562, 1567–1568
  • Venezuela, 238, 1659, 1663n , 1664, 1668–1669, 1674
  • Wool, importation of, 301
• Duncan, Adm. Donald B., 344
• Dunn, James Clement, 1252
• Dunning, Carroll W., 1028, 1030
• DuPont insecticides plant in Peru, 214
• Duque Estrada, Carlos, 1206
• Durant, Col. Edward W., 125, 136, 157
• Dutra, Gen. Eurico Gasper, 636
• DuVal, Clive L., II, 175
• Duviella, Maj. Alcide, 1266, 1283
• Duys, John, 873
• Dwyer, R. E., 727–729
• Eastern Airlines, 1330–1332
• Echandi Jiménez, Mario, 365, 819, 827, 858
• Economic Cooperation Act of 1948 (Title I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1948), 15n –16n , 1266
• Economic Cooperation Administration, 1541
• Economic Defense and Trade Policy, Office of, 1542
• Ecuador:
  • Abaca Contract with the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 981n
  • Agreements with the United States:
    • Abaca agreement, 981
    • Air Force Mission Agreement, 24, 40, 62, 112, 978–980
    • Army Mission Agreement, 24, 40, 62, 112, 978–980
    • Bilateral Military Assistance Agreement, Feb. 20, 1952, 38, 122–123, 133, 142–144, 161, 966–968, 972–973, 976–977, 985
    • Navy Mission agreements, Dec. 12, 1940, Aug. 30 and Dec. 6, 1954, 24, 40, 112, 160, 978–980, 990–991
    • Plan of the Governments of Ecuador and the United States of America for Their Common Defense, 1952, 142, 144, 966
  • Argentina:
    • Economic cooperation with, 217, 463
    • Relations with, 426, 1508
  • Brazil, offer of military assistance, 973–974
  • Congress of, 32, 143, 967
  • Continental shelf sovereignty, 309, 311
  • East-West trade, 969
  • Economic situation, 975, 982–984
  • Eleventh Inter-American Conference, 998
  • Export-Import Bank loans:
    • Guayaquil and Quito Railway, 982
    • Quevedo-Manta Highway, 33, 974–975, 983, 989–990, 992, 997
    • Quito and Guayaquil, airport expansion, 17, 33, 239, 974–975, 983, 987–988, 992, 997–998
    • Quito Water Supply, 100, 993
  • Foreign bondholders, 32
  • Guatemalan asylees, 999
  • Guatemalan Government, recognition of, 999
  • Hemispheric defense role, 972, 979
  • Hilton Hotels, 998
  • Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, U.S. rights under, 142–143
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development:
    • Loans, 54, 983, 992
    • Policy, 987–989
  • Lend-lease debt to the United States, 984–985
  • Maritime zone claims, 999
  • Military Assistance Advisory Group, 134, 141–142, 977–980, 986
  • Military equipment purchases:
    • From Czechoslavakia, 969
    • From the United Kingdom, 111
    • From the United States, 42, 111, 971, 985, 991, 993–995
  • Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act of 1951 (Battle Act, P.L 213), 969
  • Mutual Defense Assistance Program, 109, 183, 969, 985–986, 991
  • Peru, relations with, 11, 47–48, 158, 996–997, 1506–1509, 1511, 1519
  • Political situation, 970
  • Protocol of Peace, Friendship and Boundaries Between Peru and Ecuador, Jan. 29, 1942, 999
  • Rio Boundary Protocol, 990
  • United Fruit Company, 393
  • United States, attitude toward, 996
  • U.S. base rights in the Galapagos Islands, 23, 143
  • U.S. economic assistance 982–984
  • U.S. military assistance, 184–185, 967–970, 992–997
  • U.S. military grant assistance, 110, 122–123, 134, 144, 161, 177, 183, 972, 977, 997
  • U.S. shipping, discrimination against, 33, 998
  • World Bank loan, 240
• Eden, Anthony, 378, 406, 1184n , 1208
• Edgerton, Maj. Gen. Glen E., 73, 174, 175n , 206, 252–253, 358, 447–449, 528, 531, 988–990, 1270, 1273–1274, 1276, 1489, 1520–1521, 1532–1534
• Edminster, Lynn R., 1609
• Edwards, Lt. Gen. Idwal H., 194
• Eisenhower, Dwight D.:
  • Address to the Pan American Union, 3, 12
  • Antitrust proceedings against the United Fruit Company, 194–196, 224–226
  • Argentina, 246, 432–433, 437, 440, 441n , 446, 449–450, 452, 472n , 477, 483
  • “Atoms for Peace” proposal, 90, 106, 108
  • Bolivia, 27, 49, 532–534, 536, 567–568
  • Brazil, 609, 615, 627
  • Chile, 702, 736, 742n , 754
  • Coffee, importation of, 294–295
  • Colombia, 41, 804, 808, 811
  • Costa Rica, 863
  • Cuba, 902–903, 910–912
  • Debt limit extension, 700
  • Dominican Republic, 950–951, 955
  • Economic development, 4–5, 74, 83n , 206, 302, 338, 347–348, 350–351
  • Ecuador, 981n
  • Eisenhower, Milton, 13, 950
  • Eisenhower Report, 13n , 43n , 44, 49, 65, 158n , 196–197, 205n , 209, 217, 229, 232, 266, 440, 567–568
  • El Salvador, 94–95, 169, 1013, 1022
  • Guatemala:
    • Communist shipments of military equipment to, 1115–1116, 1122–1123, 1133, 1135, 1144
    • U.S. relations with, 1095–1097, 1098n , 1102, 1117, 1119, 1127, 1131–1132, 1136n , 1143, 1154–1156, 1162, 1168–1169, 1174, 1180–181, 1211, 1228, 1230
  • Guatemalan revolution, 1177, 1184–1185, 1198
  • Haiti, 1276–1277
  • Honduras, 169, 1105, 1301, 1303, 1304n , 1305
  • Mexico, 28, 69, 1341n , 1346, 1349, 1353–1357, 1359, 1363
  • Nicaragua, 161, 168–169
  • Panama, 28, 95, 218, 1405, 1408, 1410, 1417, 1420–1423, 1426, 1429–1432, 1441–1443, 1456, 1458–1464
  • Paraguay, 1486, 1489
  • Peru, 1506–1509, 1510n , 1534
  • Private investment, 234
  • Rio Economic Conference, 313, 331–344, 348–352, 362–364
  • Stockpiling policy, 76
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, 297, 300, 304
  • Trade barriers and tariffs, 66, 72–73, 99, 232, 246, 331–333, 921, 1649, 1653
  • U.S. military relations with Latin America, 44, 80, 146–147, 149–150, 169, 1134, 1378
  • U.S. policy toward Latin America, 2, 6, 13, 81n , 89, 293
  • Uruguay, 1562, 1568–1569, 1571–1572, 1575
  • Venezuela, 1649–1650, 1653, 1675
• Eisenhower, Mamie, 950
• Eisenhower, Milton S., 950
  • Bolivia, 532–533
  • Factfinding mission to South America (see also Eisenhower Report), 13, 19, 26, 159, 196, 208, 941, 955, 1509
    • Argentina, 31, 159, 245, 440, 441n , 442, 446, 448, 451–452, 462, 469, 471n , 482
    • Bolivia, 36, 241, 534n , 537
    • Brazil, 610, 613, 626–627
    • Chile, 699
    • Uruguay, 1562–1564
    • Venezuela, 160, 1648, 1652–1653
  • Guatemala, 1117
• Eisenhower Report (United States-Latin American Relations: Report to the President), 43–45, 49, 65–66, 68, 79, 90, 106, 158, 197, 205–206, 209, 214–215, 217–218, 229–232, 235, 237, 242, 247, 249, 265–266, 293–294, 298, 302–303, 324, 326, 567–568, 1510
• El Caribe, 948–951, 955
• El Salvador:
  • Agreements with the United States:
    • Air Force Mission Agreement, Dec. 2, 1953 and Mar. 11, 1954, 61
    • Army Mission Agreement, May 21, 1953 and Sept. 23, 1954, 24, 111
    • General Agreement for Technical Cooperation, 1952, 1000
    • Military Assistance agreements, 1016–1018, 1025
    • Military Defense Assistance Pact, 1085
  • Alfhem cargo, 1016–1017
  • Coffee exports, 1002, 1007, 1024, 1026
  • Congress of, 1006
  • Costa Rica, relations with, 365, 828, 1024–1025
  • Dominican Republic, relations with, 365
  • Economic situation, 1001–1002
  • Export-Import Bank loans, 393, 1005
  • Guatemala:
    • Military action against, possibility of, 1069–1071, 1081
    • Relations with, 14, 21, 42, 367, 370–371, 1002, 1005, 1007–1008, 1017–1018, 1021–1023, 1024, 1056, 1069, 1125
  • Guatemalan ceasefire, 1020, 1195–1197, 1199–1208
  • Guatemalan coffee, embargo on, 1009
  • Guatemalan Communist situation, 1081
  • Guatemalan Government, recognition of, 1211
  • Hemispheric defense role, 106, 168
  • Honduras, relations with, 1005, 1017–1018, 1023–1024
  • Hydroelectric power development, 1002, 1007, 1024
  • Immigration Law of Salvador, U.S. policy toward, 1003
  • Inter-American Highway construction, 1026
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development loans, 100, 393, 1023
  • International Railways of Central America (IRCA), 1002
  • Military Aviation Mission, 1947, 1014
  • Military equipment purchases:
    • From Czechoslovakia, 1015n
    • From the United States, 42
  • Nicaragua, relations with, 1017–1018, 1024, 1376
  • Political situation, 379–380, 384, 1001–1004, 1012, 1024
    • Communist activities, 389–390, 1000–1001, 1007–1008
    • Coup d’état, 1948, 386
    • PAR, 1001
    • Presidential elections, 399
    • PRUD, 1001
  • Private investment, 393, 1003–1004
  • Salvador Railway Company, 1002
  • San Salvador, American historical interest in, 274
  • United States, attitude toward, 94–95, 1001, 1007, 1023, 1207
  • U.S. economic assistance, 1002, 1005, 1025
  • U.S. military assistance, 21–22, 42, 60–61, 145–146, 151–152, 161, 166, 168–169, 183, 370–371, 391, 1002–1003, 1009–1020, 1022, 1025, 1073, 1123
  • U.S. technical assistance, 1002, 1005–1007, 1025
  • World Bank loans, 1002, 1005
• Electric Bond and Share Company, 1079
• Electric Light and Power Company (Empresas Electricas), 1066n , 1068, 1072–1074, 1079, 1086, 1105, 1141, 1226, 1233
• Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 1412, 1414
• Ellis, Havelock, 1537
• Ellis, Otis, 1592
• Elmore, Brig. Gen. John A., 154
• Emergency Procurement Service (EPS), 495, 629, 685
• Enciso Velloso, Guillermo, 1472–1473
• Enderton, Col. Herbert B., 154, 976n , 977n , 979, 986
• English, Benedict M., 1113–1116, 1144
• Erskine, Gen. G. B., 1315
• Erwin, John D., 1293–1295, 1300, 1302
• Escamilla, Col. Alberto, 1015, 1018
• Espíritu Santo Cardoso, Cyro de, 13
• Esquivel Arguedas, Mario, 833–834, 838–839, 849–851, 854–855, 1385, 1388–1389
• Estabrook and Company, Boston, 1278
• Estimé, Dumarsais, 1252–1253, 1265n
• Estrada Albornoz, Pedro, 372, 375, 377, 840, 858, 1666–1667, 1671
• Estrada de la Hoz, Julio, 1034
• Ethéart, Albert, 1242–1245
• European Affairs, Bureau of, 66
• Evans, Barbara, 1604n
• Evans, John W., 494, 506, 510, 519–520, 672n , 744–746, 889n , 1027, 1504n
• Evans, Luther, 953
• Export-Import Bank of Washington (Eximbank) (see also under individual countries):
  • Loans, 8, 17, 27–28, 55, 70, 83, 85, 87, 100–101, 174–175, 213, 266, 318–320, 336
  • Policies, 73–75, 85, 198, 201, 204–205, 231, 235, 250–257, 294, 297, 299, 302, 322–323, 326, 328, 331, 334, 336, 339, 346–348, 351, 355, 475
• Export-Import Bank Management Act (Capehart Bill, P.L. 570), 234, 296n , 1418, 1457
• Expropriation (See also United Fruit Company under Guatemala), 5, 84
• Fabrega, Octavio, 1458
• Facio, Antonio A., 843–844, 846, 850–851, 855, 864, 1152, 1388
• Facio, Gonzalo, 1670
• Fairchild, Byron, 167n
• Falkland Islands, 403
• Famine Relief Act of 1953 (P.L. 216), 535–537
• Fanjul, Alfonso, 873
• Fechteler, Adm. William M., 150n , 152, 791
• Federal Bureau of Investigation, 454, 547n , 1061n
• Federal Civil Defense Administration, 182n , 208n
• Federal Communications Commission, 64
• Federal Highway Act of 1952 (P.L. 413), 204, 1370
• Federal Reserve Board, 63, 357, 658–660, 1469
• Federal Trade Commission, 192, 295
• Fenner Marín, Oscar, 726, 732
• Ferguson, Homer, 910, 1101
• Fernandes, Raúl, 664
• Fernandez Concheso, Aurelio, 895–900, 902–903, 913–914
• Figueres Ferrer, José:
  • Betancourt, relations with, 1373, 1379, 1385
  • Communism in Costa Rica, 839–841
  • Guatemala, Costa Rican relations with, 1055–1056
  • Inter-American Highway, 837
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development loans, 837–838
  • Latin American revolutionary movements, aid to, 372, 374–376, 395
  • Latin American statesmanship, 839, 1445
  • Nicaraguan exiles in Costa Rica, 376, 1386–1387
  • Nicaraguan invasion of Costa Rica, July 9, 1954, 848–852, 855, 1385
  • Opposition to, 92, 365–368, 373, 377, 381, 396, 399, 852–853, 1043, 1374, 1376, 1666, 1670
  • Plot to overthrow, 1954, 92, 865, 1390
    • Cuban involvement, 866
    • Dominican involvement, 862, 866
    • Guatemalan involvement, 858–862, 866
    • Honduran involvement, 862, 866
    • Nicaraguan involvement, 858–862, 866
    • Panamanian involvement, 866
    • U.S. nonintervention policy, 859–861
    • Venezuelan involvement, 858–862, 866
  • Political support for, 387, 820, 827–828
  • Private investment in Costa Rica, 836–837
  • Somoza Garcia, Anastasio:
    • Assassination plot, 571, 844n , 1379–1382, 1384–1385
    • Negotiations with, 1389
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, 839, 841
  • United Fruit Company in Costa Rica, 53, 192, 829–836, 838, 845
  • United States, Costa Rican relations with, 51, 379, 846–847, 853, 857–858, 1383–1384
  • U.S. military assistance to Costa Rica, 846, 851, 1161
• Figueroa, Ana, 668
• Financial and Development Policy, Office of, 1279, 1497–1498, 1542
• Fishburn, John T., 419, 832
• Fisher, John W., 1009, 1023, 1058–1061, 1094, 1099–1100, 1117n , 1172, 1218, 1221, 1230n , 1237n , 1239
• FitzGerald, Dennis A., 258, 321–322, 352, 355, 358–359, 361n , 918, 1230–1232
• Fleischmann, Manly, 672, 676, 679
• Fleming, Philip B., 820–822, 825–826, 828
• Flemming, Arthur S., 67, 71, 75–77, 146, 149, 194, 224, 300, 304, 344, 363, 532, 534n , 703n , 706–707, 722–724, 740, 744–746, 889, 892
• Floete, Franklin G., 344
• Flota Grancolombiana, 33
• Floyd, John C., 221–222, 231
• Foley, Emilio, 1524, 1526
• Folsom, Robert S., 1242–1247, 1255–1268, 1270, 1288
• Foreign Agricultural Relations, Office of, 1039
• Foreign Assistance Act of 1948 (P.L. 472), Title I, 15n –16n , 1266
• Foreign Buildings Operations, Office of, 1497, 1525
• Foreign Economic Assistance Act of 1950 (P.L. 535), 1481n
• Foreign Economic Policy, Commission on, 72n , 214, 232, 256
• Foreign Economic Policy, Council on, 364
• Foreign Office, U.S., 48, 653–654, 657, 953, 998, 1112
• Foreign Operations Administration:
  • Bolivia, 27, 34, 88n , 261, 546, 568
  • Chile, 751, 754–755, 761–765
  • Costa Rica, 57
  • Cuba, 918, 920
  • Dominican Republic, 943
  • Economic development, 69–70, 74, 211–212, 223 302–303, 315–318, 321–323, 326, 328, 337, 339–341
  • El Salvador, 1017
  • Guatemala, 261, 1094, 1162n , 1221, 1228–1330, 1231n , 1232, 1234
  • Haiti, 1283–1285, 1287–1288, 1291
  • Intraregional economic actions, 76, 341
  • Labor movements, 97
  • Latin American Economic Information Project, 106–107
  • Mutual Defense Assistance Program, 182n
  • Mutual Security Programs, 208n , 209–212, 215–216, 222
  • Panama, 1456
  • Paraguay, 1487
  • Peru, 1514, 1517
  • Private investment, 226, 228, 229n , 319, 342
  • Program development, 258–260
  • Regional development bank for Latin America, 340
  • Rio Economic Conference, 314–322, 325–328, 339–343, 350, 361
  • Rubber research programs, 207–208, 219–221
  • Standardization of the armed forces, 78n , 175
  • Stockpiling policy, 66, 76, 325
  • Strategic materials, shipment of, 64
  • Technical cooperation programs, 64, 215, 218–219, 223, 236–237, 317, 320, 327, 341
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, 63
  • Uruguay, 1577–1578, 1585
  • Venezuela, 1661
  • World market prices for Latin American products, 342
• Fortuny Arana, José Manuel, 1054, 1091–1092, 1192, 1213
• Foster, Andrew B., 631n
• Foster, William C., 118–120, 129, 139–140, 790–791, 927–928, 931n
• Fourth Extraordinary Meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council. See Rio Economic Conference of 1954 .
• Fourth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of American States, 1951, 117, 120, 278, 589, 792, 1077
  • Resolution VIII, Strengthening of Internal Security, 47, 282–289
• Fox, Mary Joan, 325
• France, 1178–1179, 1183–1185, 1258
• Francis, Clarence, 362n , 568n
• Franco y Bahamonde, Generalissimo Francisco, 433–434, 713, 963, 1054, 1569
• Frank, Isaiah, 221, 314, 352–353
• Frear, J. Allan, Jr., 28n
• Freeman, William, 629–630
• Freeport Sulphur Company, 885–889
• French West Indies, U.S. information program, 1213
• Frigorífico Anglo, 1556
• Frigorífico Artigas, S.A. (Armour), 1551, 1555, 1557, 1580
• Frigorífico Nacional, 1551–1557, 1580
• Frost, Dayton H., 321
• Fuentes, Robert Avarado, 1054
• Fulano de Tal, 820
• Fulton, Janus G., 364
• Funes, Col. J. Alberto, 1197, 1206–1207
• Galapagos Islands, 23, 142–143
• Galindo Pohl, Reinaldo, 1001
• Gálvez, Juan Manuel, 386, 1023
  • Communism, 1306–1307
  • Foreign affairs, 1299
  • Personal qualities of, 1299
  • Policies of, 1297–1298, 1303–1305, 1320
  • Political support for, 1297, 1313–1314, 1316–1319, 1321
  • Termination of presidency, 1322–1323
  • United States, Honduran relations with, 1303, 1306, 1316–1317, 1319
• Gálvez, Roberto, 1299
• Garcia, Arturo, 1524
• Garcia Galvez, 1180
• García Montes, Oscar, 888
• Gardner, Arthur, 904–909, 914–921
• Garner, Robert, 602–603
• Gaston, Herbert E., 501, 596, 598, 599, 601, 1248–1251
• Gavin, James M., 557–561
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 1947, 309, 329, 355n , 572, 904, 905n , 922–923, 1676
  • Article XVII violation, 909, 910n
  • Regional preferential trading system proposal, 309
  • Uruguayan processed meat, U.S. tariffs on, 94, 244–245, 296, 1571–1572, 1575
• General Federation of Womens’ Clubs, 542
• General Military Plan for the Defense of the American Continent, 23, 39, 61, 110–111, 120–124, 127, 135, 1015n , 1658n
• General Motors Acceptance Corporation, 905
• General Services Administration, 478–479, 487–488, 501, 504, 506, 562, 564, 565n , 681, 709, 723, 732, 742, 886–888
• General Tire and Rubber Company, 1617
• Gentil, Adolpho, 578n
• Gerberich, Albert H., 782–783, 788n , 789–790, 795–796, 805–807, 811–812
• Getzin, Edmund E., 494, 728, 730–731
• Gibson, Carlos, 1524
• Gilman, Robbins P., 631n
• Gilmer, Lt. Cmdr. Howard Campbell, 935
• Gilmore, Gene, 1505–1506, 1524
• Giron, Col. Felipe Antonio, 1038, 1189, 1191
• Glaessner, Philip J. W., 618
• Gleason, S. Everett, 2, 67, 81n , 146, 149, 194n , 195, 224, 304, 344, 648n , 1118n , 1131n , 1136n
• Glendinning, C. Dillon, 595–596, 1532
• Glover, R. H., 727, 729
• Góes Montiero, Gen. Pedro Auréliano, 125–126, 570
• Goethals, George Washington, 1453
• Goldstein, Mortimer D., 572n , 783n , 791n
• Gómez, Juan Vincente, 959, 1621, 1624
• Gómez, Laureano, 12, 802, 808
• Gómez, Manuel, 1380–1381
• Gómez Morales, Alfredo, 484
• Gómez Ruiz, Luís Emilio, 1590–1592, 1594, 1615–1616, 1618, 1636
• González, César, 372–373, 851, 1652–1653, 1670–1671
• Gonzalez Suarez, Humberto, 1054
• González Videla, Gabriel:
  • Bolivian tin negotiations, 488
  • Copper negotiations, 676–677, 679–682, 684–687, 737
  • Economic policies, 712
  • Political support for, 680, 712
  • United States, Chilean relations with, 666–667, 678–679, 688, 691, 695
• Good Neighbor Policy, 398
• Goulart, João Belchior Marques, 625
• Grace Lines. See Pan American Grace Lines.
• Grau San Martin, Ramón, 384, 916
• Gray, William F., 984
• Greco, George J., 938n
• Gregg, John P., 1610n
• Gruson, Sydney, 1132, 1367
• Guatemala:
  • Abaca, 1094
  • Agrarian Reform Law, June 17, 1952, 1056–1058, 1060, 1062–1066, 1069–1070, 1072, 1080, 1095n , 1100, 1634
  • Agreements with the United States:
    • Development Assistance Agreement, Dec. 13, 1954, 1238
    • General Agreement for Technical Cooperation, Sept. 1, 1954, 1225
    • Inter-American Highway, July 28 and Aug. 28, 1954, 1048–1051, 1218
    • Military equipment and matériel, July 27 and 30, 1954, 1217, 1234
    • Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations, July 15, 1944, 1039
    • Reciprocal Trade Agreement, Apr. 24, 1936, 1094, 1156
    • Rubber Agreement, June 1941, 1039
    • Technical cooperation agreement, Feb. 13, 1952, 1027
    • U.S.-Guatemalan Trade Agreement, renegotiation of, 1239
  • Alfhem cargo (see also Military equipment shipments from the Soviet bloc, below), 1016–1017, 1112–1117, 1120–1125, 1137n , 1138, 1143–1144, 1150, 1153, 1159, 1165, 1167, 1365
  • Argentina, relations with, 468, 475, 1069
  • Atlantic Highway, 1045–1046, 1060, 1221
  • Aviateca application, 1059
  • Banana production, 1035
  • Bank of Guatemala, 1040–1041
  • Belize (British Honduras) restitution, 1063, 1068
  • Bogotá Conference Resolution XXXII, 1077
  • Bolivia, relations with, 1069
  • Chile, relations with, 1069
  • Coffee exports and pricing, 297, 1009, 1062, 1078, 1088–1091, 1094, 1156, 1233
  • Colombia, possibility of military action by, 1042–1043, 1069–1071, 1081
  • Communist activities (see under Political situation, below)
  • Communist activities in neighboring countries, 47, 151–152, 1055, 1063, 1068–1069, 1086, 1108, 1148–1149, 1302
  • Congress of, 1034, 1044, 1055–1056, 1064, 1066, 1072, 1081, 1100, 1109, 1137
  • Costa Rica:
    • Guatemalan-sponsored Communist activities in, 1055
    • Relations with, 14, 369, 858–862, 866, 1042, 1056, 1068
  • Czechoslovakia (see also under Military equipment purchases, below), relations with, 398, 1155
  • Diario de Centro America, 1053
  • Dominican Republic:
    • Military action by, possibility of, 1042–1043, 1069–1071, 1081
    • Relations with, 961, 1068–1069
  • Economic situation, 392, 1032, 1062, 1070, 1140, 1221–1222, 1228–1229, 1231
  • El Salvador:
    • Military action by, possibility of, 1069–1071, 1081
    • Relations with, 14, 21, 370, 1002, 1005, 1007–1008, 1017–1018, 1021–1022, 1024, 1056, 1069
    • Role in ceasefire, 1020, 1195–1197, 1199–1208
  • Empresas Electricas (Electric Light and Power Co.), 1066n , 1068, 1072–1074, 1079, 1086, 1105, 1141, 1226, 1233
  • Entrerios Rubber Experiment Project, 1094
  • Export-Import Bank policy, 1229, 1232
  • Foreign Office of, 1053, 1156n , 1188, 1220
  • Gasoline shipments to, U.S., 1095
  • Hemispheric defense role, 1075, 1235
  • Honduras (see also Guatemalan subheadings under Honduras):
    • Relations with, 14, 93, 1081, 1104, 1174, 1297, 1303–1304, 1308
    • Revolutionary forces entering from, 1174, 1176
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development advisers, 1222, 1228–1229, 1231–1232
  • Inter-American Highway, 1044–1046, 1060, 1076, 1084, 1218, 1221, 1226, 1233–1234, 1239
  • Inter-American Peace Committee, 1177–1185
  • Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, 1037–1038, 1068, 1071, 1107–1111, 1148, 1172, 1187, 1234, 1236
    • Article III, 1119, 1121, 1129–1131, 1136, 1143
    • Article IV, 1113
    • Article VI, 1107–1110, 1129, 1145–1146, 1149–1150, 1152, 1159, 1188
    • Article VIII, 1111
    • Article XI, 1188
  • International Communist movement, 1107–1110, 1117–1118, 1127–1128, 1132–1133, 1137, 1140–1141, 1146–1147, 1149–1150, 1152, 1158–1160, 1167
  • International Railways of Central America (IRCA), 1032, 1035–1036, 1066n , 1068, 1072–1074, 1078–1079, 1086, 1105, 1140–1141, 1219, 1226
  • Lake Amatitlan hydroelectric plant, 1221
  • Mexican Embassy, asylees at, 1227, 1367
  • Mexico, relations with, 1069, 1362–1366
  • Military action by neighboring countries, U.S. position in the event of 1042–1043, 1073, 1076
  • Military capabilities, 368, 1062, 1067–1068, 1081, 1098–1100, 1138, 1143, 1145–1146, 1225, 1235
  • Military equipment purchases, 1055, 1098–1099, 1133, 1137–1139, 1144–1145, 1150
    • From Czechoslovakia, 1111–1112, 1114–1118, 1120–1127, 1138–1139, 1143–1144, 1159, 1214
    • From Poland, 92
    • From the United Kingdom, question of, 1038
    • From the United States, attempted, 42, 95
  • Military equipment shipments from the Soviet bloc (see also “Alfhem” cargo, above), 1150, 1214–1215, 1362, 1667–1668
  • Nicaragua:
    • Aggression by, alleged, 1174
    • Military action by, possibility of, 1042–1043, 1069–1071, 1081
    • Relations with, 14, 93, 370, 1042, 1069, 1370, 1372–1377 1383–1384
  • Organization of American States. See Guatemalan subheadings under Organization of American States.
  • Organization of Central American States, withdrawal from, 14, 369, 1007, 1069, 1072
  • Pan American Airways, 1079, 1233
  • Pan American Highway construction, 1039
  • Panama, position on Communist situation, 1444–1445, 1447, 1449–1452
  • Peru, relations with, 1054
  • Petroleum development, 1226, 1233, 1239
  • Political situation, 161, 192, 216, 379–381, 385–386, 389, 399, 1031–1037, 1053–1058, 1070, 1074, 1083–1084, 1171
    • Anti-Communist activities, 19, 22, 45–46, 90, 145, 1031, 1034, 1054, 1062, 1066–1067, 1087, 1099, 1110, 1173–1182, 1188–1191
    • Anti-Communists, arrests of, 1169
    • BPR, 1226
    • Caribbean Legion, 1056
    • Communist activities, 15, 29, 36, 46–47, 64, 279–280, 365–368, 381, 388, 1031–1034, 1040, 1051–1053, 1055, 1063–1066, 1070–1072, 1074–1083, 1087–1088, 1091–1093, 1096, 1099–1100, 1105–1106, 1108, 1137
    • Communist Party membership, 387–388, 1033
    • Communists in public office, 1054, 1059–1061, 1066, 1081, 1092, 1096, 1099, 1109
    • Confederation of Latin American Workers, 1033, 1035, 1065–1066, 1072
    • CTAL, 1033, 1065, 1072
    • Cubans and Spanish Republicans, 1056
    • Electoral Front, 1064–1065, 1067
    • General Confederation of Guatemalan Workers (CGTG), 1034, 1065–1066, 1081, 1181
    • Guardia Civil, 1067–1068, 1175
    • Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT), 1064–1065
    • Labor organizations, 97, 1059, 1063–1064, 1081 1219–1220, 1226
    • Landholding and business interests, 1034–1035
    • Military support of government, 1032, 1035, 1062
    • National Confederation of Guatemalan Peasants (CNCG), 1066, 1081
    • National Democratic Front, 1137
    • OCI, 1056
    • ORIT proposal for labor leader training institute, 1219–1220
    • Railway workers union, 1035, 1219
    • Revolution of 1944, 380–381, 384–385, 1031–1035, 1061, 1063, 1065–1068, 1079
    • Revolution of 1954. See below .
    • World Federation of Trade Unions, 1033, 1065, 1072, 1137
  • Press, role of, 59, 1040, 1051, 1058, 1120, 1132, 1143, 1181
  • Puerto Rican nationalism, support of, 1068
  • Recognition of new government, 999, 1211
  • Reconstruction Finance Corporation contract, 1094
  • Revolution of 1954:
    • Aerial bombardment of Chiquimula and Zacapa, 1189–1191
    • Arbenz government, overthrow of, 89, 93, 95, 1056, 1217
    • Army rebellion, Aug. 2, 1954, 1218
    • Asylees, 1220–1223, 1227, 1367
    • British position, 1208–1209
    • Castillo Armas, assumption of presidency, Sept. 1, 1954, 1225
    • Ceasefire, proposed, 1020, 1188–1191, 1195–1208
    • Military junta, June 28, 1954, 385, 1176, 1192–1198, 1204–1206, 1210, 1223–1225
    • New government established, July 2, 1954, 1211
    • Peace observers proposal, 1177–1185, 1198
    • U.N. position, 93, 378, 1174, 1178–1180, 1182–1185, 1187, 1198, 1208–1209, 1583
    • U.S. involvement, charges of, 291
    • U.S. reaction to, 398
  • Roadbuilding equipment purchase, 1028–1030, 1045–1046
  • Roman Catholic Church, 1034, 1066, 1077
  • Roosevelt Hospital construction, 1094, 1221, 1231, 1233
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 1082
  • Spain, relations with, 1054
  • Springsfjord cargo, 1188
  • Steel mill, purchase of, 1155
  • TGW radio, 1053–1054
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, Resolution XCIII, 279–280, 282, 285, 289–292, 309
  • United Fruit Company:
    • Abaca contract, 1094
    • Communist influence on workers, 1032–1034
    • Conflict with, 393, 1032–1033, 1035–1036, 1063, 1066n . 1068–1069, 1072–1074, 1079–1080, 1084, 1086, 1091–1092, 1095n , 1096–1097, 1105, 1109, 1127–1128, 1140–1142, 1147, 1151, 1155, 1165, 1171, 1212, 1215, 1226, 1233, 1666
    • Expropriation of property, 16, 29, 32, 36, 192, 263, 290, 308, 389, 394, 1035, 1056–1058, 1060–1064
    • Strike against, 1065
  • U.N. Charter, Article LI, 1121
  • United States, attitude toward, 59, 1050–1055, 1061, 1067–1068, 1082, 1141, 1177, 1190, 1192, 1212, 1215–1216
  • U.S. agricultural experiment station, 1221
  • U.S. citizens, safety of, 1180–1182, 1189
  • U.S. detention of ships, 1112–1116, 1121–1125, 1132, 1139, 1144, 1150, 1163–1167, 1172–1174, 1177, 1209, 1215
  • U.S. economic assistance, 103, 114, 216, 261, 1028–1030, 1044, 1076, 1221, 1228–1235, 1239
  • U.S. export controls, 1046–1048
  • U.S. information activities, 90, 108, 1077, 1094, 1212–1218
    • CIA press conference statement, 1168–1169
    • Documentation of Communist atrocities, 1216
    • Effort to expose and discredit the Arbenz regime, 1214
  • U.S. military assistance, 14, 40, 42, 62, 95, 109, 112, 114, 165, 184, 1027, 1037, 1039, 1217, 1234–1238
  • U.S. military assistance to neighboring nations, 1077, 1085–1086, 1119, 1123, 1125n , 1129–1134, 1143, 1145
  • U.S. military missions, 40–41, 145, 183, 1078, 1082, 1084, 1086, 1094
  • U.S. policy toward, 378, 1073–1078, 1083–1086, 1093–1095, 1103, 1110, 1113, 1129–1136, 1139–1149, 1154, 1157, 1203
  • U.S. private economic interests, 29, 290–291, 309, 393, 1063, 1066–1068, 1074, 1077, 1097–1098, 1109, 1151, 1226
  • U.S. security, threat to, 1078–1079
  • U.S. technical assistance, 261, 1076, 1084, 1134, 1161–1162, 1230–1231, 1239
  • Uruguay, relations with, 1582
  • Venezuela:
    • Military action by, possibility of, 1042–1043
    • Relations with, 367, 1042–1043, 1054, 1069, 1666
  • Washington Foreign Ministers Meeting, Resolution VII, 1077
  • West European Maritime Countries, U.S. consultation with, 1161, 1164
  • World Bank policy, 1233
• Guatemalan Group, 1104n , 1110n , 1160–1163, 1170–1172, 1178–1180, 1186–1188
• Gudin, Eugenio, 658–661, 663–665
• Guevara Arze, Wálter, 27, 31, 50, 491–492, 493n , 505–506, 524–525, 527–528, 537–542, 545–546
• Guggenheim, Robert, 1520
• Guizado Valdes, José Ramón, 1405–1410, 1416, 1430, 1433, 1444, 1446n , 1447, 1450, 1452–1453, 1458, 1466
• Gumbel, Irving, 703n , 728, 730, 732
• Gurgel Valente, Maury, 664
• Gustavo, Zavala, 1380–1381
• Gutierrez, Silvio, 1675
• Gutierrez Garbin, Victor Manuel, 1054, 1059, 1071, 1091, 1192, 1213
• Gutiérrez Granier, Federico, 492
• Habana Convention of 1928 on Duties and Rights of States in the Event of Civil Strife, 270
• Hadsel, Fred L., 129n
• Hagerty, James C., 1101–1102, 1116n , 1117, 1154, 1168–1169, 1173–1174, 1198
• Haiti:
  • Agreements with the United States:
    • Agreements and Contracts of 1941, 1242
    • Friendship, commerce and navigation treaty negotiations, 1282
    • Military Assistance Pact, 1282
    • SHORAN base negotiations, 135
  • Agricultural development, 1242, 1245, 1256–1257, 1260, 1267, 1271
  • Argentina, relations with, 1258
  • Artibonite Valley development program, 1243, 1257, 1260, 1262–1263, 1266–1267, 1268, 1270–1274, 1276, 1278, 1283, 1285–1287, 1289–1290
  • Banana production, 1263, 1266, 1268
  • Banque Nationale de la République d’Haiti, 1266
  • Bauxite mining roadway by the Reynolds Metals Company, 104
  • Coffee production, 1262, 1266, 1270, 1272, 1276, 1290
  • Costa Rica, relations with, 852
  • Cotton prices, 1262
  • Czechoslovakia, relations with, 398
  • Dominican Republic, relations with, 394, 961, 1258, 1262, 1284
  • Economic situation, 103, 241, 392, 1241, 1247, 1254, 1256–1257, 1259–1260, 1262, 1265, 1271, 1284, 1288–1289
    • Financial difficulties, 1286
    • Food supply, 210, 1257, 1260
    • Health and sanitation programs, 1257, 1260, 1267
    • Land reform, 1266
  • Electric Light Company of Port-au-Prince, 1275
  • Estabrook and Company, 1278
  • Export-Import Bank loans, 393, 1240–1245, 1247–1251, 1263, 1265–1266, 1268, 1274, 1276, 1278, 1283, 1285–1287, 1289–1290
  • France, relations with, 1258
  • Haitian-American Sugar Company, 1287
  • Haitian National Bank, 1286
  • Hydroelectric power development, 1266–1267, 1278, 1290
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development:
    • Loans, 393, 1283, 1287, 1290
    • Membership, 35
    • Mission, 1286
  • Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, 1263
  • International Monetary Fund membership, 35
  • Military situation, 1259, 1264–1265
  • Mutual Security Program, 214, 1259
  • Navassa Island sovereignty, 1284
  • Petroleum industry, 1279–1280
  • Political situation, 379–380, 384, 1252–1253, 1258
    • Magloire coup, 1950, 385
    • Presidential elections, 399
  • Port-au-Prince–Aux Cayes road, 1286, 1290
  • Private financing for public works, 15, 1274, 1287
  • Private investments, 393
  • Société Haitiane-Américaine de Développement Agricole (SHADA), 1240–1251, 1262, 1268, 1270–1272, 1274
    • Citronella program, 1246
    • Essential oils program, 1246
    • Lumber program, 1240–1241, 1247, 1249
    • Rubber programs, 1240–1241, 1246–1247, 1249, 1256, 1257
    • Sisal program, 1240–1241, 1245–1247, 1249, 1251, 1262, 1266, 1268, 1270
  • Standard Fruit and Steamship Company, 1258
  • Sugar, 1262, 1263, 1268
  • U.N. technical assistance, 1253–1255, 1257, 1259, 1262, 1268
  • United States:
    • Attitude toward, 1244–1245, 1247, 1258
    • Relations with, 15n , 16n , 24, 96, 1277–1278, 1282–1285, 1288, 1291–1292
  • U.S. Air Force Mission, 1257, 1264
  • U.S. economic assistance, 1256–1257, 1261, 1263, 1268, 1286
    • Emergency relief, 89, 103, 114, 1284–1285, 1287–1291
  • U.S. military assistance, 22, 38, 109, 162, 183, 185, 390–391, 1262, 1267–1268, 1275–1276, 1280
  • U.S. Naval Mission, 1257
• Halaby, N. E., 1659
• Haley, Lt. Col. Charles L., III, 1650
• Hall, Carlos C., 691–692
• Hall, Edward, 1532
• Hall, Lt. Col. James M., 125, 127, 136, 164, 167, 938, 1547
• Halle, Louis J., 65, 1129n , 1130n , 1139–1149
• Halleck, Charles A., 1101
• Hamer, Walter M., 834, 838
• Hamilton, John B., 628n
• Hann, Elwood S., 728
• Hannah, John A., 224, 344, 1454
• Hansen, Kenneth R., 195
• Hardesty, Marion N., 221–224, 258–260, 321–322, 324–327, 339–342, 1287, 1513
• Harlow, Bryce, 224, 344
• Harris, Hugo, 1252n
• Harrison, John L., 1028
• Harrison, Lt. Gen. W. K., 178–181, 558, 863, 1399–1400, 1449, 1451, 1455, 1460
• Harvey, Williams, 517, 530
• Hauch, Charles C., 929, 1253n
• Hauge, Gabriel, 295, 300, 352–354, 363, 910–912
• Havemeyer, John K., 1170n , 1486–1487, 1535–1536, 1545–1546
• Haya de la Torre, Victor Raúl, 48, 158, 265–266, 268, 1220, 1514–1516
• Hazera, Jorge, 1153n ,
• Health, Education and Welfare, Department of, 63
• Heap, Samuel, 800
• Hebbard, 1545–1546
• Heliodoro Valle, Rafael, 371
• Hembra, Alton W., 993n
• Hemispheric defense. See under National security policy of the United States.
• Henderson, Leon, 494–498, 500
• Henriquez, 1360–1361
• Hensel, H. Struve, 44, 169–171, 174–176, 654–655, 1311, 1315–1316
• Hermida, General, 948–949
• Hernández Martinez, Maximiliano, 1000
• Herrera, Felipe, 1379
• Herrera, Pedro Emilio, 1638
• Herrera Pinto, Col. Rodolfo, 1380–1382
• Herres, Arthur, 1250
• Herron, Francis W., 1160, 1170, 1178, 1186–1188
• Hershey, Maj. Gen. Lewis B., 344
• Hertzog Garaizabal, Enrique, 545
• Heurtelou, Daniel, 1267
• Hibbert, Lucien, 1265–1266, 1270–1274, 1276
• Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 95, 919
• Hickerson, John, 774, 776, 793
• Hill, Col. Francis, 136, 154, 167
• Hill, John C., Jr., 1103–1104, 1106n , 1137n , 1139n , 1152–1154, 1161, 1163n , 1172n
• Hill, John L., 782–783
• Hill, Rey M., 221–222
• Hill, Robert C., 832–839, 842, 845, 847–850, 853–855, 857–858, 1385
• Hirsch, Richard, 1087
• Hitler, Adolph, 963
• Hobby, Oveta Culp, 300, 363
• Hochschild, Mauricio, 486, 499, 564
• Hoey, Robert E., 1118n
• Holland, Henry F.:
  • Argentina, 469–471, 473, 477, 479–484
  • Bolivia, 559–562, 566–567, 568n
  • Brazil, 248, 648–657, 658n , 664–665
  • Chile, 747, 753–757
  • Colombia, 811–812
  • Communism, 370, 1214
  • Costa Rica, 840–852, 853n , 855–856, 858, 860, 862–863, 865n
  • Cuba, 903, 911, 913, 916–918
  • Dominican Republic, 964
  • Economic development, 66, 73, 75, 262, 330–332
  • Eisenhower Report, 229
  • El Salvador, 1015n , 1016, 1019–1020, 1023, 1026
  • Guatemala:
    • Communist shipments of military equipment to, 1111–1114, 1120–1126, 1139n , 1144, 1167
    • U.S. relations with, 1099–1110, 1117n , 1127, 1129n , 1149n , 1152–1153, 1157n , 1160–1163, 1164n , 1168–1172, 1208, 1209n , 1215, 1218–1219, 1234n
  • Guatemalan asylees, 1220n , 1221–1223
  • Guatemalan ceasefire negotiations, 1202, 1206–1207
  • Guatemalan revolution, 1177–1180, 1186–1187, 1195–1197, 1198n , 1199, 1208
  • Haiti, 1277, 1279n , 1284, 1287n
  • Honduras, 1304, 1307–1311, 1316–1317, 1319
  • Inter-American relations, 374
  • Intraregional trade, 341
  • Nicaragua, 854–855, 1379, 1383–1384, 1385n , 1387–1389
  • Panama, 1448–1449, 1452, 1454, 1463–1465
  • Peru, 1514, 1516–1517, 1520, 1522, 1527, 1529n , 1530–1533
  • Private investment, 226–229
  • Regional development bank, 340
  • Rio Economic Conference, 313–314, 325, 335, 339, 345, 352–358, 360–361, 470n , 859
  • Technical cooperation programs, 221, 224, 267, 341
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, 93, 303n
  • Trade barriers and tariffs, 65–66, 72, 330–332
  • U.S. policies toward Central America, 378–379
  • U.S. policies toward Latin America, 45n , 65–66, 68, 325
  • U.S. military relations with Latin America, 1119n
  • Uruguay, 1585, 1586n
  • Venezuela, 95, 1669–1671, 1673–1675
  • World market prices for Latin American products, 342
• Hollis, Walter, 1572
• Holmgreen, E. N., 321
• Honduras:
  • Agreements with the United States:
    • Air Force Mission agreements, Mar. 6, 1950 and Oct. 5 and Nov. 23, 1953, 40, 61
    • Army Mission agreements, Mar. 6, 1950 and Oct. 5 and Nov. 23, 1953, 40, 60
    • Bilateral Military Assistance Agreement, May 20, 1954, 60, 90, 109, 1085, 1301, 1304, 1311
    • Convention for the avoidance of double taxation, June 25, 1956 and Feb. 6, 1957, 103
    • Military Air Transit Agreement, Apr. 23, 1952, 1293
    • Plan of the Government of Honduras and the United States of America for Their Common Defense, May 20, 1954, 1301
  • Agricultural development, 1298
  • American Federation of Labor visit, 1294
  • Banana production, 1303
  • Costa Rica, relations with, 828, 862, 866
  • Czechoslovakia, relations with, 398
  • Economic situation, 1294, 1296, 1298
  • El Salvador, relations with, 1005, 1017–1018, 1023–1024
  • Guatemala:
    • Aggression against, alleged, 93, 1174
    • Military assistance from the United States under Rio Treaty in case of armed attack by, 1123, 1304–1307
    • Peace observers proposal, 1178–1185
    • Relations with, 14, 93, 1081, 1104, 1174, 1297, 1303–1304, 1308
  • Guatemalan military units on border, 1146–1147
  • Guatemalan role in strikes, 1055, 1105–1120, 1139, 1141–1142, 1153, 1165
  • Hemispheric defense role, 106, 168, 1310
  • Inter-American Highway Agreement, 1300, 1302
  • Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, invocation of, 1105, 1106
  • Labor standards, 1293–1295, 1303–1304, 1306–1307, 1312
  • Military situation, 1296, 1299, 1310, 1312
  • New York and Honduras Rosario Mining Company, 1294, 1296
  • Nicaragua, relations with, 1119, 1376
  • Nicaraguan troops, as alternative to U.S. troops, possible use of, 1119
  • Pan American Airways, 1294
  • Plantation workers strike, 389
  • Political situation, 96, 380, 384, 386, 1296–1297, 1301, 1303, 1307, 1312
    • Anti-Communist activities, 1300
    • Communist activities, 380, 1312
    • Communist Party membership, 387–388
    • Electoral crisis, 381, 399, 1313–1314, 1316–1323
    • Liberal Party, 1298, 1313, 1316, 1318, 1320
    • National Reform Party (Reformists), 1297–1298, 1317, 1320
    • Nationalist Party (Galvezistas), 1297, 1317, 1320
    • Reformist-Liberal merger, 1315
  • Private investments, 393, 1293–1296, 1298
  • Standard Fruit Company strike, 1118, 1139, 1141
  • Standard Fruit and Steamship Company, 1294, 1296, 1307
  • TACA Honduras, 1295
  • United Fruit Company, 263, 393, 833, 1294, 1296
    • General strike, May 5, 1954, 1118, 1303, 1307–1308
    • Strikes, 1118, 1139, 1141–1142
  • U.N. technical assistance, 1298–1299
  • United States, attitude toward, 1296, 1314
  • U.S. citizens, preparation to evacuate, 1132
  • U.S. economic assistance, 89, 103, 114, 1302–1303
  • U.S. military assistance, 21–22, 40, 60–61, 90, 109–110, 112, 145–146, 151–152, 168–169, 183–184, 391, 1123, 1304, 1308–1312, 1315
  • U.S. technical assistance, 1294, 1302
• Hood, Amelia H., 1279
• Hood, Brig. Gen. Ruben C., Jr., 160
• Hook, Col. Fred G., Jr., 877
• Hoover, Herbert, Jr., 94, 250n , 252–254, 335n , 342, 344–345, 348, 350–353, 355, 358–362, 481n , 661, 755–757, 763–764, 860–861, 863n , 865, 1517, 1520–1521, 1530, 1532–1533, 1676
• Hoppenot, Henri, 1178n , 1182–1185
• Horn, Claud L., 891–892
• Horton, Donald, 125–129
• House of Representatives. See under Congress, U.S.
• Housing and Home Finance Administration, 63
• Hoyt, Henry A., 914, 918, 924–926, 1284n
• Hudson, William P., 494, 496–498, 503, 511–513, 521–522, 525, 526n , 528–532, 535n , 537–542
• Huertematte, Julio E., 1153, 1402, 1407, 1410, 1415
• Hughes, Rowland R., 67, 70, 74–75, 77, 363
• Hummel, John L., 1322
• Humphrey, George M.:
  • Antitrust proceedings against the United Fruit Company, 194, 224
  • Bolivia, 532–534
  • Brazil, 661, 665
  • Chile, 722, 744
  • Economic development, 4–5, 199
  • Export-Import Bank, 198, 205–206, 217, 235, 250–257
  • Fiscal problems, 105
  • Guatemala, 1115
  • International Finance Corporation, 100
  • Peru, 57n , 240n , 1517, 1520–1521, 1531–1534
  • Rio Economic Conference, 94, 105, 343–356, 361n , 362–364, 482–484
  • Tenth Inter-American Conference, 304
  • U.S. policies toward Latin America, 2, 13
  • U.S. military relations with Latin America, 146, 149
  • Uruguay, 1559
  • Venezuela, 1675
• Hyde, Rosel H., 304
• Ibáñez del Campo, Gen. Carlos:
  • “Act of Santiago”, 463n
  • Argentine-Chilean agreement, 719
  • Armed forces, 711, 715, 721
  • Bilateral military agreement, 690, 692, 695, 718
  • Bolivia port problems, 543
  • Communism, 695, 710, 714, 720, 734–735
  • Copper industry, nationalization of, 720
  • Copper negotiations, 730, 737–738, 742–743, 746n
  • Economic policies, 705, 710, 713, 716, 717, 748, 754
  • Foreign policy, 709
  • Health of, 711, 721
  • Political opposition to, 713–714
  • Soviet Union, Chilean relations with, 692, 718, 726–727, 735
  • Support for, 416, 688–689, 693, 695, 710–713, 747–748, 764
  • United States, Chilean relations with, 134, 689, 691, 693, 695–696, 701–702, 710, 717, 720, 733n
• Ibarra, Juan, 1207
• Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (P.L. 414), 1325, 1514–1515, 1669
• Import Certificate and Delivery Verification Systems (ICDVs), 15, 52, 98, 186–187, 725, 742, 746, 750, 753
• Indochina, 1183–1184
• Information and cultural programs (see also U.S. information activities under individual countries), 9, 19, 22, 37, 58–59, 85, 106–108
• Inocente Alvarez, Alberto, 888–889
• Intelligence Advisory Committee, 409n , 454, 547n , 709, 1031n , 1061n , 1392n
• Intelligence Research, Office of, 1143, 1145, 1147–1148
• Interagency Committee on Agricultural Surplus Disposal, 362
• Inter-Agency Committee on the Kenaf Fiber Purchase Program, 889
• Inter-American Affairs, Bureau of:
  • Antitrust proceedings against the United Fruit Company, 191n , 263
  • Argentina, 400n , 406, 419, 421
  • Bolivia, 487
  • Brazil, 608, 612, 623n , 652, 657
  • Chile, 297, 758
  • Communism, 279, 289–292
  • Costa Rica, 827, 830
  • Cuba, 891–892, 924–926
  • Dominican Republic, 943
  • Economic development, 201
  • Eisenhower Report, 232, 293
  • Export-Import Bank, 198
  • General Military Plan for the Defense of the American Continent, 120
  • Guatemala:
    • Military action against, possibility of, 1041
    • U.S. relations with, 289–292, 1074–1086, 1104n , 1129n , 1209
  • Haiti, 1277–1279
  • Honduras, 1318–1320
  • Mexico, 1346
  • Peru, 1522
  • Technical cooperation programs, 188
  • Uruguay, 1542
  • U.S. policies toward Latin America, 1, 65
  • U.S. military relations with Latin America, 136, 157
  • Venezuela, 1597, 1599, 1635n
• Inter-American Affairs, Institute of, 188, 221–222, 258, 821, 826, 892, 919, 956, 1250–1251, 1253, 1256–1257, 1260–1261, 1263, 1266, 1272, 1294, 1482, 1577, 1579
• Inter-American Bank, 354
• Inter-American Court of Justice proposal, 269, 272
• Inter-American Defense Board. See under American Republics.
• Inter-American Economic and Social Council. See under American Republics.
• Inter-American Highway (see also under individual countries), 87, 820, 822–823, 1044–1046, 1048–1049, 1060, 1076, 1085
  • Economic grant programs, 3, 8, 18, 34, 49, 55, 84, 87–88, 95, 102, 201–203, 213, 218–219, 237, 302, 1026
• Inter-American Highway agreement, 1300, 1302
• Inter-American Peace Committee. See under Organization of American States.
• Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Treaty), 1947, 83, 142–143, 145, 371, 396, 415, 690, 1263, 1374, 1375, 1628
  • Article III, 856, 861–865, 1119, 1121, 1129–1131, 1136, 1143
  • Guatemala. See Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance under Guatemala.
  • Invocation of, 377, 1105–1106
  • Organ of Consultation, 11, 281, 284, 292
  • U.S. military obligations under, 377, 378, 861–864, 1123, 1304–1307
• Interdepartmental Committee on Latin American Economic Affairs, 313, 327
• Interior, Department of the, 63
• Bureau of Mines, 919
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, International Bank) (see also under individual countries):
  • Advisers, 105, 354
  • Haitian membership, 35
  • Loans, 8, 17, 54, 70, 85, 87, 100, 213, 266, 318–319, 336
  • Policies, 28, 85, 201, 204, 250–252, 256, 294, 322–323, 325, 328, 333, 336, 585, 591, 598–599, 601, 603–604, 614, 642, 661
• International Court of Justice, 269
• International Finance Corporation, 89, 100
• International Harvester Company, 907
• International Monetary Fund (IMF) (see also under individual countries), 9, 85, 237, 357, 751–752, 756–758, 760, 1512–1523, 1541
  • Chile, 18, 105
  • Haitian membership, 35
  • Loans, 85, 105, 240
  • Quotas, 104, 360
  • Uruguay, 1545–1546
• International Narcotics Control Committee, 1345
• International Packers, 1564–1567
• International Police Corporation, 1003
• International Railways of Central America (IRCA), 192, 1002, 1032, 1035–1036, 1066n , 1068, 1072–1074, 1078–1079, 1086, 1105, 1140–1141, 1219, 1226
• International Sugar Conference, 34
• International Telephone and Telegraph, 906
• International Trade, Office of, 1045–1047
• Isle of Pines Steamship Company, 904
• Jackson, C. D., 2, 146, 149, 195, 300, 304, 1087n
• Jackson, Donald L., 28, 831
• Jamaica, 393
• Jamison, Edward A., 116n , 120n , 125–128, 129n , 131n , 135–136, 144n , 153–157, 162, 164, 167, 370, 605n , 825n , 864, 932n , 971n , 982, 1013–1014, 1041n , 1102, 1107n , 1117n , 1129n , 1164n , 1170, 1178, 1186–1187, 1305n , 1446n , 1486–1488, 1495n , 1500n , 1535, 1547, 1567, 1650, 1673
• Jara, Anibal, 691, 699–702, 726, 730–735, 746, 753
• Jenkins, Maj. Gen. Reuben E., 128
• Johnson, Charles F., 221–223
• Johnson, Earl D., 14, 194, 1421, 1423, 1427n
• Johnson, Herschel V., 570–577, 579–580, 583–584, 587–588, 600, 605, 609–613, 629–630
• Johnson, Louis, 118n
• Johnson, Lyndon B., 487n , 488, 685n
• Johnson, Richard A., 25, 934–935, 943n , 950, 959, 963
• Johnston, John W., 918
• Joint Chiefs of Staff:
  • Argentina, 409n , 478
  • Bolivia, 547n
  • Brazil, 631, 648–649, 651, 652n , 654–655
  • Colombia, 793–795, 808, 817
  • Costa Rica, 843, 863
  • Cuba, 890
  • Dominican Republic, 927, 929
  • Ecuador, 985–986, 991
  • El Salvador, 152–153, 168
  • General Military Plan for the Defense of the American Continent, 120
  • Guatemala, 1031n , 1061n , 1118, 1120, 1131, 1134
  • Haiti, 1259, 1269, 1275–1276, 1282
  • Historical relations with Latin America, 167
  • Honduras, 152–153, 168, 1315–1316
  • Information, cultural, and educational exchange programs, 77n
  • Latin Americans in U.S. military schools, 78
  • Netherlands, 127, 148, 178–179
  • Nicaragua, 152–153, 166, 1373
  • Panama, 1392n , 1404
  • Standardization of the armed forces, 78, 184–185
  • U.S. military relations with Latin America, 23, 68, 79, 92, 146n , 150–153, 1119n , 1309–1311, 1315
  • Uruguay, 1547
  • Venezuela, 166, 1619n , 1649
• Jones, Gen. Albert, 1327–1328
• Jones, Raymond, 1248
• Jopson, R. Keith, 800–801, 806
• Jumelle, Clément, 1283
• Jumelle, Ducasse, 1264
• Justice, Department of, 63, 97, 191–192, 194–196, 202n , 225–226, 279, 847, 1133, 1339, 1359, 1633
• Kalijarvi, Thorsten V., 197–200, 478–481, 536, 661, 744–745, 747, 758, 1489–1490, 1572–1574
• Karydakis, Mabel, 847n , 854n , 1387n
• Keany, Katherine, 26n , 423n
• Kellogg, Frank B., 781n
• Kelly, Cornelius, 741
• Kemp, Frank A., 910–912
• Kemper, James S., 361, 647, 658–660, 1186
• Kempter, Charles W., 652, 984–985, 1497–1499, 1521–1529
• Kendall, Charles, 723, 744
• Kennecott Copper Corporation, 708, 717, 724, 728–730, 737, 739, 741, 1520, 1531
• Kern, Paul J., 1486
• Kersten, Charles J., 1100–1101
• Key, David McK., 1182n , 1184n