Foreign Relations of the United States, 1947, The British
Commonwealth; Europe, Volume III
Index
- Abbott, Douglas, 117n
,
123n
, 124, 128, 131
- Abdullah, Sheikh, 180, 188
- Acheson, Dean G.: Arctic region, territorial claims in, 135; British financial situation, 7, 27–28, 34
n; Canada, 113–114, 117, 118
n; coal problem, 486–487, 496–497, 499–504; European Recovery Program, 197–198, 199n
, 202, 219–220, 223, 232–233, 236, 241–242, 247
n; France, 701, 703–705; German war
documents, publication of, 641; German war
prisoners, repatriation of, 621–623, 630–632; Greenland, 659–660; India, 136–137, 151–152; Italian colonies, 571–572, 574–575, 577; Italy, 535, 536–537, 835, 842, 876–877, 879, 884, 886–887, 921; Newfoundland, 94;
peace treaties, 526n
,
530n
, 531n
, 533–536, 541–542, 544, 545n
, 548n
, 549
n; Portugal, 1019;
Spain, 1062, 1064,
1065n
, 1066–1069, 1073–1074, 1077, 1080
- Acheson, Edward C., 831–832
- Achilles, Theodore C., 682
- Afghanistan, 37, 160–161, 181
- Agriculture Department, 440, 477n
, 702, 754, 841, 865
- Airey, Maj. Gen. Terence Sydney, 566
- Aklilou Abte Wold, Ato, 615–617
- Alba, Duke of, 1083, 1088
- Albania, 37, 858;
Greek claim to Epirus, 523; Italian recognition
of, 523; U.S. views on membership in the United
Nations, 966
- Albornoz, Alvaro de, 1091
- Algeria, 701, 703
- Ali, Asaf, 147–149, 167–169
- Ali, Laik, 173
- Allen, Denis, 1087–1088
- Allen, Richard F., 482
- Allen, Ward P., 234n
- Ailing, Paul H., 175–177
- Alphand, Hervé, 308–309, 315–316, 333, 393–395, 426, 436, 438n
, 458,
463, 468, 505–506, 511
- Alsop, Joseph, 241
- Alsop, Stewart, 241
- Amberley (Australia), air service facilities at, 102
- American Overseas Airlines (AOA), 830
- American Republics, 23–24, 27, 207, 269, 275, 288, 362, 465–467, 668, 670, 681
- Amr, Abdel Fattah, 619
- Anderson, Clinton P., 164, 482, 704, 725, 841–842, 846, 962
- Andorra, 1086
- Andvord, Rolf Otto, 1010, 1015n
, 1017–1018
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 590, 601, 605
- Ansiaux, Hubert, 338
- Antigua, 94
- Antonini, Luigi, 541
- Arab League. See under
Italian colonies
and under
French North Africa.
- Arab states, 159
- Aranda, Gen. Antonio, 1056, 1071n
- Arctic region, territorial claims in, 135
- Arey, Hawthorne, 917
- Argentia (Newfoundland), 99
- Argentina, 2, 11–12, 25, 29, 52, 56, 165, 232, 269, 271–272, 276, 278, 324, 449, 466, 705, 816–817, 846, 856, 877, 934
946, 963, 992, 994, 1075, 1099
- Armour, Norman, 717n
,
790–793, 965–967, 973n
, 981–982, 1040, 1042, 1083–1084, 1091–1092
- Army, Department of, 477n
, 683–684, 686–687, 775–776
- Army Transport Command (ATC), 1019, 1028–1030, 1032–1033, 1035–1036, 1046–1048, 1050–1051
- Arnold, Elting, 75
- Arnold, Gen. of the Army Henry H., 245
- Artajo, Alberto Martin, 1053n
, 1054–1056, 1061, 1082, 1086, 1089
- Atherton, Ray, 97, 111–113, 116–117, 121–123, 125, 127–128, 135
- Attlee, Clement R., 52, 59n
, 88,
143–144, 155–156, 181, 186–187, 189–192, 271, 273, 282, 492n
, 501–502, 1082
- Auriol, Vincent, 688n
,
693n
, 748
- Austin, Warren R., 578
- Australia:
- Italian colonies, disposition of, 570,
575–577,
587, 589, 595n
,
612n
, 618, 620n
- Marshall Plan, source of food for, 232
- United Kingdom: Food imports to, 276;
sterling balances, 11–12, 16, 57
- U.S. relations with, 102–103; air facilities agreement, 102; naval base at Manus Island, 102–103, 671, 682
- Austria, 655, 723,
880, 906, 954; economic situation in, 220n
, 362;
European Recovery Plan, 264, 311, 314, [Page 1106]
316, 325, 438; Soviet policy toward, 593, 602, 905; sterling balances, 36, 73–74, 79; treaty of peace, proposed, 206, 219, 237, 534, 544; U.S. aid, question of, 200–202, 206, 733, 823–824; U.S. occupation policies,
221; U.S. political interests, 210
- Azaña, Manuel, 1086n
- Azores, U.S. bases in. See
Azores agreement
under
Portugal.
- Azzam, Abdul Rahman, 576–582
- Bagby, Philip H., 583, 585n
, 590,
591–592, 606
- Baig, M. O. A., 163n
- Bajpai, Sir Birja Shankar, 148, 161, 164–167, 167n
, 171, 180–181, 183–185, 187–188, 191–192
- Balfour, Sir John, 43n
,
44–45, 49–50, 52n
, 55, 246, 331
- Balkans, 268, 291,
293
- Baltic states, 642
- Baraibar Don Germán, 1083–1084
- Barrio, Martinez, 1057
- Baruch, Bernard M., 231
- Basso, Lelio, 871, 877
- Batcheller, Hiland. 266
- Bathurst, Col. Charles R., 983, 989–991
- Baumgartner, Wilfred, 690, 708
- Bay, C. Ulrich, 1006–1012, 1016–1018
- Beale, P. S., 64
- Beale, Wilson, 86n
- Beatie, J. R., 118
- Bebler, Aleš, 551
- Bedbeder, M., 594
- Beigbeder y Atienza, Gen. Juan, 1056–1058
- Belgian Congo, 656
- Belgium, 5, 11, 16, 37, 122, 212, 275, 281, 496, 503, 642, 781, 784, 786, 802, 818, 921, 1072
- European Recovery Program. See under
European Recovery Program.
- Italian colonies, disposition of, 587,
595n
, 612n
- U.S. relations with: Agreements, 656;
atomic energy, cooperation in field of, 656; economic aid, question of, 206; uranium ore from Belgian Congo, procurement of, 656
- Belgium–Netherlands–Luxembourg Customs Union (BENELUX), 232, 257, 279, 282, 316, 330, 334, 338, 340–342, 364, 412, 427, 746
- Bell, I. E., 606
- Benediktsson, Bjarni, 829–831, 833–834
- Beneš, Eduard, 318
- Benouville, Pierre de, 806–807
- Benton, William, 220
- Bérard, Armand, 636n
- Berg, Hans C., 1015n
- Berle, Adolf, 541
- Bermuda Conference (1946), 94–95, 97
- Bessarabia, 642–643
- Beugel, E. H. van der, 463
- Bevin, Ernest: British financial position, 24,
43–45, 49, 60–61, 70, 88, 91, 268, 345, 489; Canada, 123;
coal shortage, 494, 496–497, 510; Comintern attack on, 765;
Council of Foreign Ministers, Moscow, 494n
; Denmark, repatriation of German refugees
in, 682–683;
European Recovery Program, 247–338
passim, 367, 389, 418–444
passim, 718; France, 808, 818–819; Germany, 272–273, 312–313, 418; India, 148; Italian colonies,
590n
, 591–592; Italy, 553–555, 987; “Nazi–Soviet Relations”, publication of,
649; Portugal, 1023; Spain, 1075–1091
passim
- Bianchi, Joāo Antonio de, 1032, 1038, 1047, 1050
- Bidault, Georges, 253–256, 258–260, 262–263, 266, 296–298, 300–301, 302, 304–312, 314–315, 317, 327, 332, 349, 425, 525, 531, 550, 622n
,
623, 626–627, 631, 689, 698, 714, 718–719, 747, 762–763, 765–766, 770, 782, 786–790, 793, 818, 823–824
- Bierut, Boleslaw, 313n
,
320–321
- Biffle, Leslie L., 233
- Billoux, François, 688n
, 689, 703n
- Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo, 1055
- Bishop of Madrid, 1071
- Bjoernsen, Coel, 394
- Blaisdell, Thomas C., 8, 441, 463, 469, 864, 955
- Blaser, Arthur F., Jr., 9–13
- Blau, Clarence I., 64, 74, 864
- Bloom, Sol, 482
- Blum, Léon, 623, 625, 627, 688, 694, 711, 717, 730, 748, 765, 770, 796, 803–804
- Bodrov, M. F., 319
- Bohlen, Charles E., 45n
,
235–236, 369, 463, 469, 653n
, 717n
- Boland, F. H., 457, 463, 467
- Bonbright, James C. H., 524
- Bonesteel, Lt. Col. Charles H., III, 369–372, 374, 383, 391, 394, 396–397, 416, 418, 434, 440, 445, 456, 463, 469, 471, 477n
, 478n
, 592
- Bonneau, Gabriel, 594–596
- Bonner. Paul H., 933, 935, 937–938, 984–987
- Bonnet, Henri, 251–253, 256, 357n
, 634–636, 706–708, 744–748, 758–760, 776–778, 799–801, 811, 815, 822–824
- Bonsal, Philip W., 1053–1061, 1065–1066, 1076–1077
- Borbón y Battenberg, Jaime de, Duke of Segovia, 1076
- Borbón y Battenberg, Juan de, Prince of Asturias, 1058, 1063, 1070, 1076–1077, 1100
- Bornholm, 666
- Boskey, Mr., 853
- Bothereau, Robert, 806
- Bracken, John, 123
- Braden, Spruille, 1061
- Bray, William H., 382
- Brazil, 11, 16, 52, 75, 232, 802, 877, 1099
- Bretton Woods Agreements Act, 344n
- Bridges, Sir Edward, 274–275, 278–280, 283–284, 288
- Bridges, Styles, 483
- British Commonwealth of Nations (see also individual
countries), 1–195; 1, 19,
25, 109, 176–177, 182, 184, 191, 311
- British Guiana, 94
- British Somaliland, 601, 605
- Bronz, George, 75
- Brook, John H., 511
- Brosio, Manlio Giovanni, 552
- Brown, Clarence J., 482
- Brown, Winthrop G., 2–3, 126, 127n
- Brusasca, Giuseppe, 554n
- Bryce, R. B., 118
- Buchanan, Robert Earle, 266
- Bukovina, 643
- Bulgaria, 36, 73–74, 79,
293, 314, 317, 1055; Communist
Party, 796n
; opposition
elements, liquidation of, 560; peace treaty, see under
Peace treaties; Truman’s statement, June 14, 549–550, 550n
; Soviet behavior in, 593;
Soviet cooperation, difficulty in obtaining, 602; Soviet troops, question of withdrawal, 560; United Nations membership, U.S. views on, 966
- Bureau of Standards, 108
- Bureau of the Budget, 400, 477n
, 809, 922
- Burgess, W. Randolph, 266
- Burin des Roziers, Etienne, 594, 606, 610n
- Burma, 53–54
- Butler, Robert, 102
- Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, 612n
, 618
- Byington, Homer M., 862n
, 949
- Byrnes, James F.: Denmark, 683; European
Recovery Program, 241; France, 689; Germany, 277,
336n
, 621–623, 626, 692, 713–714; Greenland,
657, 658–660, 664, 666, 668, 674, 677, 1005; Italy (De Gasperi visit), 835–841, 842–843, 847, 850–852, 858, 907; peace treaties, 515–516, 526, 529, 541, 545; Portugal (U.S. bases in
Azores), 1023, 1041; Spitsbergen and Bear Island, Soviet proposals regarding,
1003–1004,
1005n
, 1006, 1008–1009, 1011; United
Kingdom, 34
- Cabot, John M., 551
- Cadogan, Sir Alexander G. M., 190–192
- Caeiro da Mata, José, 1022, 1024–1028, 1030–1032, 1037, 1043–1044, 1046–1047, 1049–1052
- Caffery, Jefferson: European Recovery Program, 249–446
passim; France, 688–693, 707–825
passim; German prisoners of war, 623–625, 627, 629–630, 634, 638–639; Italian
reentry into Tangier international regime, 909n
; “Nazi-Soviet Relations”, publication of,
650; peace treaties, 517, 521n
,
523–525, 550, 551n
, 567, 909n
- Callender, Harold, 374, 714
- Cameroons, 42
- Camp, Miriam, 242, 489–492
- Campilli, Pietro, 463, 842, 852–856, 858–860, 870, 913, 915, 947, 993–994
- Canada, 104–135; 52, 57, 68, 102, 191, 612n
, 618, 620n
, 668, 816, 846, 877, 963, 992, 1015
- Anglo-American-Canadian agreement on the financial settlement of
the combined civilian supply program (Plan A), 715–716
- Anglo-American-Canadian association, possibility of, 405
- Devaluation of currency, question of, 118–119, 123, 126
- European Recovery Program. See under
European Recovery Program.
- Exports to the United States, 121–122, 126
- Greenland, proposal regarding Canadian participation in defense
of, 667–668,
668–669,
670, 681
- Import restrictions, 116–119, 124,
126, 128–133
- Pan American Union, attitude toward, 109
- St. Lawrence Seaway project, 110–111
- Soviet Union, relations with, 110,
112
- United Kingdom, relations with, 362,
404
- Canadian credit to United Kingdom, 11, 15, 18–19,
23, 28–29, 122
- Canadian food exports, 276
- Economic discussions, 123
- Foreign exchange balance, 2,
11, 23–24, 27, 269, 272, 324
- Proposal for customs union, 123
- U.S. relations with:
- Agreements, 99n
, 133–135; payments agreement, 117; trade agreement (1938), 126–127, 130–135
- Dollar shortage problem, 109,
116–119, 121–124, 126, 128, 130–133
- Economic relationships, 127–130
- Export-Import Bank loan, 130
- Hyde Park statement (1941), 128n
- Joint defense, 104–115, 207
- Loan to Canada, 116–126
- Permanent Joint Board of Defense, 104–105, 110, 113–115
- Procurement of relief and military supplies from Canada,
proposals, 118–119, 126
- Tariff duties, proposal for elimination of, 129–130
- Truman visit to Canada, June 10–12,
108–109, 110, 112–113
- U.S. Troops in Canada, 110–112
- U.S. weather stations in Canada, 110, 135
- Canali, Paolo, 836–837
- Cannon, Cavendish W., 564
- Cape Verde Islands, 1041
- Carandini, Niccolò, 330
- Carey, James B., 803
- Carli, Mr., 845, 853–854
- Carnes, Col. James J., 566
- Carré, Chester M., 864
- Carter, Sir Archibald, 188, 191, 193n
- Carter, Brig. Gen. Marshall S., 61, 66, 69, 236–237, 245, 372, 396
- Carvalhaes, Col. Esmeraldo, 1033
- Cassels, John M., 64, 75
- Caulkins, Daniel P., 916
- Cerreti, Giulio, 875–876, 882–883
- Cerulli, Enrico, 618
- Chapin, Selden, 558
- Charles, Sir Noel Hughes Havelock, 521n
, 600, 606
- Charpentier, Pierre, 773
- Chauvel, Jean, 266, 639
- China, 122, 137,
181, 207, 612n
- Sterling balances, 36–38, 40–41, 73–74, 79, 293
- U.S. relations with, 148, 200, 202,
206, 482, 912–915
- Churchill, Winston S., 62, 649, 1063, 1082, 1086, 1088–1089
- Cintra, Gen. Antonio, 1027, 1033–1034, 1038, 1044–1046
- Clark, Lewis, 556–557, 599
- Clark, Maj. Gen. Mark W., 825
- Clark, William Clifford, 119, 124–126
- Clarke, R. W. B., 14, 25, 274, 283, 288
- Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 263, 272–273, 312, 332, 337, 368–369, 417, 630, 633, 683–684, 687, 832
- Civil Aeronautics Authority, 1039
- Claxton, Philander P., 245
- Clayton, William L.: British financial situation, 14, 17n
, 25–32, 41n
, 45, 47, 53,
55, 60, 63, 66–67, 76, 78, 80, 101, 280–281; Canadian dollar problem, 118; European Recovery Program, 26n
, 45, 230–446
passim; France, 701–702, 705–706, 713, 724, 726, 729, 734, 746, 749, 761; Italy, 838–865
passim, 874, 893–894, 914, 945–950, 962, 982
- Cleveland, Harold Van Buren, 240, 243
- Clifford, Clark, 486
- Coal shortages in Europe and related problems, 485–514
- Belgium, 503
- Combined Coal Committee (U.S.–U.K.), 493
- European Coal Organization (ECO),
213, 252–253, 263, 338,
458, 485–514, 861; ECO
coal allocations, 490, 492, 494,
495–497,
500–501,
503–504,
506, 511, 513, 861, 1077
- France, 496, 500–513, 720, 747
- Germany, West: Coal production in the Rhine valley, problems
regarding restoration of, 222–223, 226,
234, 252–253, 486–487, 494–495, 500, 505–508, 510–511, 512,
514; tripartite agreement on
production of Saar coal, 505n
, 511
- Iceland and Ireland, 496
- Italy, 500, 513, 861
- Netherlands, 504
- Poland, 486, 489, 494, 504, 508–509
- Sweden, 504
- United Kingdom: Coal shortage and fuel crisis, 487–491, 492n
, 493–494, 497–498, 502, 514;
Truman’s press release regarding, 490–493, 495–496;
request for ECO allocation of U.S.
coal, 494, 495–498, 500–504, 505–513, 1077
- United States: Coal strike, impact on Europe, 485–487;
double-bunkering of British ships, 491,
493; exports of coal to Europe, 485n
, 486–487, 490–492, 494–503, 506, 509
- Cohen, Benjamin V., 233, 235–236, 260–261, 569
- Colbjornsen, Ole, 463
- Colin, André, 723, 736
- Collado, Emilio G., 64
- Collier, Sir Laurence, 1006
- Colombia, 1099
- Colonna, Guido, 463
- Combined Chiefs of Staff (U.S.–U.K.), 516,
548, 565, 861, 862n
, 863–864, 866, 871–872, 878, 881–882, 884, 887–888, 903, 917n
,
953–954, 990
- Cominform, 765, 796, 798, 805, 810, 988
- Comintern, 690–692, 702, 764–765, 771, 778, 790, 806, 946–947
- Commerce Department, 371–372, 375, 440, 477n
,
482, 942
- Commercial policy of United States, 5–6, 26, 32, 34–35, 41–42, 54
- Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), 480–481, 786, 809, 996
- Congo Basin territories, 42, 83, 86
- Congress. See
U.S. Congress.
- Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 803–804
- Connally, Tom, 526, 529, 531, 545
- Connolly, Maj. Gen. Donald H., 935
- Conolly, Adm. Richard L., 524
- Conway, Granville, 490–492, 845
- Cooper, Alfred Duff, 262, 297–299
- Coppock, Joseph, 240n
- Corbino, Epicarmo, 556n
, 932, 935, 937–938, 984–987
- Corse, Carl D., 70, 72
- Corsi, Edward, 541
- Costa, Col. Fernando dos Santos, 1027n
, 1029–1031, 1035, 1037, 1045, 1049, 1051–1052
- Cottam, Howard R., 928n
- Council of Foreign Ministers:
- Deputies for Germany, 662n
, 858
- Dunn, James C., role of, 638n
- Italian colonies. See under
Italian colonies.
- Meetings: Paris, Apr. 25–May 15 and June 15–July
12, 1946, 336n
, 515n
, 569, 580–581, 601, 602n
, 615,
617; New York, Nov. 4–Dec. 12, 1946, 515n
, 517,
569, 573, 616n
,
623n
, 675–676, 687n
, 835n
; Moscow, Mar. 10–Apr. 24, 1947, 110, 196, 219, 240,
243, 259n
, 494n
, 495n
, 496,
534, 542, 544, 573, 575n
, 688–690, 692–695, 1018;
London, Nov. 25–Dec. 15, 1947, 300, 425,
482n
, 620n
, 644–646, 763, 790,
818
- Trieste and Venezia Giulia, 885
- Council on Foreign Relations, 241
- Courtade, Pierre, 691
- Couve de Murville, Maurice, 297n
, 299–300, 303–306, 308–309, 316–317, 623
- Cox, Edward Eugene, 482
- Cripps, Sir Stafford, 66, 76, 88, 94,
269, 271–272, 277–278, 280–282, 288, 324
- Cristelow, Allan, 32n
- Croizat, Ambroise, 688n
- Cuba, 52, 95
- Culbertson, Paul T., 1019, 1062, 1082–1083, 1085–1091, 1097–1099
- Cumming, Maj. Gen. Duncan, 597–598
- Cumming, Hugh S., Jr., 663–665, 1014–1015
- Curson, B. R., 192
- Cyrenaica. See under
Italian colonies: Libya.
- Czechoslovakia, 16, 37, 122, 327, 687, 906; Communist Party, 796n
; European Recovery Program, see
under
European Recovery Program; Hungarian nationals,
treatment of, 524; Italian colonies, disposition
of, 587, 595, 612n
, 618; Soviet Union, alliance with, 318; U.S. aid, question of, 206, 222, 261, 314
- Dahl, Edward, 175n
- Dalton, Hugh, 3, 9–10, 13–17, 24,
33, 41, 68, 73–74, 78–79, 88, 90, 269–272, 277, 279–280, 283, 290–293, 324
- Dardanelles, 1018
- Darlan, Adm. François, 825
- Day, Walter M., 74, 864
- De Gasperi, Alcide, 294, 323, 515–536
passim, 548, 553–555, 556, 557, 569, 770, 870–989
passim; visit to Washington, 835–861
- De Gaulle, Gen. Charles, 313, 476, 694, 697–699, 701, 711–712, 722, 730–732, 737, 748–749, 760, 763–764, 769, 771–773, 778–780, 783–784, 790n
, 791, 791n
, 792–795, 803, 806–807, 820, 822–823
- Deimel, Henry L., 175n
,
179
- Del Vecchio, Gustavo, 932–933, 935–936, 937n
, 939, 941, 945, 983–984, 986–987
- de Madariaga, Salvador, 1062–1064
- Dembitz, Lewis, 75
- De Moro-Giafferri, 550
- Denfeld, Adm. Louis E., 102
- de Nicola, Enrico, 294, 522n
, 553,
861, 910, 937n
- Dening, Maberly, 193n
- Denmark, 657–687;
212, 304, 316, 437–438, 496, 1011
- Germany: Danish claim to South Schleswig, 661–662, 672, 675;
German refugees in Denmark, 661, 666, 671,
673, 679–680, 682–684, 686
- Soviet Union, relations with, 666,
668, 675; Soviet conditions regarding acceptance of German
refugees, 666, 671–673, 679, 682,
686
- United Kingdom, question of convertibility of sterling balances
with, 16, 37,
41, 73–74, 79
- U.S. relations: Agreement to elevate diplomatic missions, 659n
; defense of
Greenland, see
Greenland; protection of Denmark against
Soviet aggression, 674–675
- Denning, Mr., 171
- Deutsch, John D., 129–130
- de Villamagna, Marques, 1076
- Dimitrov, Georgy, 805
- di Stefano, Mario, 515–516, 570n
,
571n
, 607–609, 614
- Dodd, Norris E., 751n
,
754
- Dollar shortage, problems concerning world, 17–24, 65,
269, 324
- Donovan, Howard, 159, 183–184, 187–188
- Doolittle, Hooker A., 175n
- Dort, Dallas W., 482
- Douglas, Lewis W.: British financial position, 13–15, 24–33, 43–45, 48,
60–61, 68, 70, 78–80, 83, 88–90, 90n
, 93, 271, 280; British policy, 17; coal shortages in Europe and the United
Kingdom, 494–499,
501–502, 504, [Page 1110]
506–507, 510–513; Denmark,
removal of German refugees from, 687; European
Recovery Program, 255–446
passim; France, 713–714, 746, 807–808; Germany,
West, 273; India, 151n
, 155–156; Italian colonies, disposition of, 575, 583, 585n
, 590, 591–592, 594–596, 598, 606, 616–620; peace treaties, 555n
; Spain, Franco regime in, 1066, 1068–1075, 1077–1078, 1080–1081, 1084–1085
- Dowling, Walter C., 515, 836, 843, 845, 853–854, 860, 925, 957, 965, 969, 981, 993
- Draper, William H., Jr., 463, 680, 683–684
- Drtina, Prokop, 319–320
- Duclos, Jacques, 692, 703, 764–765
- Dulles, Allen W., 650
- Dulles, John Foster, 138–140, 543, 814–815
- Dunham, William B., 1031–1032, 1046, 1051
- Dunn, James Clement, 294, 296, 344–345, 375n
, 522–523, 533, 546, 547–548, 552–554, 555–556, 557n
,
562–563, 838–1000
passim
- Durnan, James J., 607–609
- Eady, Sir Wilfrid, 14–15, 33, 61,
63–65, 68–69, 87, 279, 283, 288, 293
- Eagle Farm (Australia), air service facilities at, 102
- Eaton, Charles A., 331n
, 807
- Eccles, Marriner S., 7–8, 39, 859, 864
- Economic Commission for Europe (ECE). See under
European Recovery Program.
- Ecuador, return of United States bases in Galapagos Islands to, 1034
- Eddy, William A., 198n
,
199, 199n
, 244
- Eden, Anthony, 1083, 1086, 1088, 1090–1091
- Egypt: Anglo-Egyptian dispute, 578, 603; Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936, revision of, 593; anti-Communist
position, 578; British bases in, 604; British withdrawal of troops from, 584, 591, 604; Italian colonies, disposition of, see under
Italian colonies; sterling balances, question of
convertibility of, 2, 11, 14, 16,
32–33
- Einaudi, Luigi, 917, 920, 925, 933, 937n
,
945, 947–949, 974, 982
- El Salvador, 1099
- Emergency Economic Commission for Europe, 263
- Epirus, 523
- Erice, José, 1088–1090
- Eritrea. See under
Italian colonies.
- Estrada doctrine, 1057–1058
- Ethiopia, 36, 570–571, 579, 582, 584, 586–587, 590, 595n
, 597,
601–602, 604–605, 607, 612n
, 613–616, 617–619, 620n
- Europe: Balance of payments deficit, 230, 234, 240, 252–253; coal
shortages, see
Coal shortages; Communism in, 224–225; political
and economic crisis in, 230–232, 234; regional
economic and political association, suggestion for, 221–222, 232, 235; Soviet policy toward, 240
- European Central Inland Transport Organization (ECITO), 263, 338
- European Coal Organization (ECO). See under
Coal shortages in Europe.
- European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan), 197–484; 65, 92, 675, 730, 818, 944, 966, 974, 995
- American Republics, question of aid from, 465–467
- Austria, 264, 311, 314, 316, 325,
438
- Belgium, 258, 311, 314, 316, 338–339, 407,
426, 438
-
BENELUX countries, 338, 341–342, 364,
412, 427
- Bevin–Bidault consultations, 253–259, 262–263, 297
- Bevin–Bidault–Molotov meeting in Paris, June
27–July 2, 296–297, 298–301, 302–311, 397,
718, 731
- Canada, 123–126, 128–129, 232,
275, 278, 288, 465–466
- Committee on European Economic Cooperation (CEEC), 333, 351, 355, 364, 372–376, 380, 420,
428, 432, 435, 438–439, 441, 442n
, 443–444, 450–461, 463–469, 755, 787;
CEEC report, Sept. 22, 438–439, 442,
443–444,
448–456,
458–461,
469, 477–478, 775, 783
- Conference of European Economic Recovery, Paris, July 12–Sept. 22, 45, 49–50, 69, 308–447
passim, 723–724, 731,
738, 745, 775, 787, 799, 933n
, 947, 961,
970–971,
975, 1026
- Czechoslovakia, 258, 292, 311,
313–314,
316–320,
327–328
- Denmark, 316, 437–438
- Eastern Europe, 387–388, 394
- Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), role of, 213, 221, 227–229, 236, 242,
250–251,
255, 258, 261–264, 296, 309–310, 321, 388,
395, 500
- France, 232, 236, 252–253, 255–256, 264,
291–292,
315, 325–326, 330, 333–334, 337,
340–342,
344, 348–350, 364, 366,
368, 379, 394, 401, 407, 410, 415,
418, 425–426, 436, 438,
446, 459, 464, 745, 748, 759, 761–762, 778,
784, 787–788, 791, 801n
, 802,
820, 822
- Germany, West (British-American zones of occupation), 252, 263,
269–270,
300, 304–305, 325, 332,
334, 337, 339–340, 344, 346, 349–351, 353–354, 360,
366, 368–369, 371, 374,
383–385,
388–389,
394, 396, 400–401, 404, 408–410, 412, 415,
417–420,
424–425,
430, 439, 446, 452, 470, 738, 787
- Greece, 314, 316, 438
- Interim assistance to the United Kingdom, France,
Italy and Austria, consideration of (see also
Emergency interim aid under U.S. relations
under
France
and
Italy), 344–346, 350, 361–362, 371–372, 375,
401–402,
405, 408, 410–411, 413, 415, 417,
441, 443, 446, 459, 469–471
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, role of,
201, 210, 232, 274, 278–280, 283,
287, 289–290, 292, 312,
315, 347, 378, 394, 421, 426, 454,
456–457,
459, 467
- Ireland, 314, 316, 364, 438
- Italy, 232, 236, 254, 264, 270,
291–294,
296, 299–300, 311–312, 314, 316,
323, 326, 330–331, 333, 337, 341–342, 344,
364, 366, 379, 394, 407, 410, 415,
438, 446, 459, 464, 933, 935, 938,
994
- Luxembourg, 314, 316, 426, 438
- Netherlands, 257–258, 311, 314, 316,
333, 339, 342, 407, 426, 438
- Norway, 311, 316, 333, 394–395, 426, 438
- Offshore procurement, possibilities of, 123, 125, 275, 288,
467
- Overseas colonies, question of application to, 329, 465
- Poland, 260–261, 311–314, 317,
319–322,
328
- Portugal, 314, 316, 438
- Principal elements of: Amount of aid, 452–453, 453–460;
availabilities, 448, 451, 464,
469; balance of payments problem,
377–378,
380–381,
392, 399, 406–407, 421, 423, 435,
453–454;
conditions or restrictions, 450, 453–455, 459–460, 462, 468;
continuing organization, 395, 414, 422–423, 426,
436–437,
450, 453, 455, 458–460, 469; European customs union,
considerations concerning possible formation of, 279, 281,
287, 325, 364–365, 370, 386, 412,
434, 458, 460, 745; export restrictions, 449–450; financial and
monetary stabilization, 358, 385, 393,
407, 414, 422, 426, 435, 453, 462;
form of U.S. aid, 449, 453–454, 459–460, 462, 467;
mutual aid, 384–386, 407, 413, 415,
417–418;
period of time for aid, 452–453; prices, 448; production of food and basic materials, 358, 382,
384–385,
392, 394, 414; requirements, 448, 451,
465; resources, 358; self-help, 358–359, 384, 386–387, 413,
415, 418; standard of living, 378,
381, 394, 423, 426; trade, 358, 382–383, 386, 392–393, 414,
422, 435–436, 453–454, 457–458, 462
- Soviet satellites in Eastern Europe, question of participation,
228, 235, 261, 268, 286, 301, 304,
313–314,
317–322,
327, 335
- Soviet Union: Attitude of, 250, 261, 266n
, 290–291, 294–295, 297–304, 308–311, 420, 424,
434–435,
475, 719, 931, 813, 947; refusal to
participate, 258–260, 262–263, 266,
297, 304–305, 308, 312
- Sweden, 311, 315–316, 337, 395,
438
- Switzerland, 312–313, 315–316, 337,
381, 412, 438
- Turkey, 308, 314, 316, 331, 364,
438
- United Nations role (see also
Economic Commission for Europe, supra), 236, 255, 259,
388
- United Kingdom, 45–49, 232, 236, 253–257, 264,
330, 333–334, 341–342, 344, 348–349, 364,
379, 381, 385, 387, 393–394, 399–401, 407,
410, 415, 417–419, 423, 426, 428,
435, 438, 449, 464, 466, 472
- United States:
- Advisory Steering Committee on the European Recovery
Program (ASC), 418n
, 440–441, 451, 456–457, 458n
, 463, 470–471, 472n
, 477–478, 478n
- Clayton discussions with British in London, June 24–26, 26n
, 45, 268–294, 297, 324
- Congressional role, 81, 88, 91,
124, 199–200, 222, 240, 248–249, 271–272, 275, 279, 281–282, 285, 289, 292, 295–296, 298, 309, 311, 324, 336, 343–344, 347–348, 350–352, 354, 356, 358–361, 363, 366–367, 371–374, 380n
, 383, 386–387, 389, 391–392, 402–403, 406, 408, 411, 416–417, 431, 439, 441, 449, 469, 775, 787, 802–803, 975; development of legislative
proposals, 443–444, 446–447, 451, 463, 467, 470–471, 477, 479, 481, 484, 819
- Department of State: Committee on European Recovery
Program, 370n
, 390n
, 440; Committee on extension of aid to foreign
governments, 199n
, 205;
Policy Planning Staff, 220n
, 221–230, 235–236, 240, 440; Working [Page 1112] Group on European
Reconstruction, 267n
- Formulation of U.S. policy, 198–249; interim
report of SWNCC
Ad Hoc Committee, April 21, 204–219; Marshall’s radio address,
April 28, 219; Acheson’s speech before Delta Council, May 8, 219–220, 233n
, 240, 242, 246;
recommendations by Policy Planning Staff, 220–230, 236, 240; origins of Marshall’s
Harvard speech, 241–247; Marshall’s speech at Harvard, see infra.
- Harriman Committee, 265–266, 371, 375, 391, 424, 440, 443–444, 450, 456, 459, 464–465; report, 461, 464–465, 471, 477–478
- Krug Committee, 265n
, 440, 457; report, 456–457, 471, 477–478
- Marshall’s speech at Harvard, June 5, text, 237–239; 45, 47,
243–246, 249, 251–257, 259–260, 263, 266, 269, 294–295, 297–298, 315, 336, 339, 341, 343, 351, 355–356, 362–363, 367, 373, 401, 407–408, 412, 444, 446, 475, 920, 961, 994
- Nourse Committee, 265n
, 440; report, 471,
478
- State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee, 197–198
- U.S. policy guidelines, development of, 309–310, 317–318, 323–326, 328–330, 335–337, 340–341, 343–344, 346–360, 365–375, 375n
, 376–377, 379–380, 380n
, 381–396, 406, 409–410, 412–432, 434–436
- Washington Conversations, 441–442, 442n
, 443–470, 776, 994
- Evatt, Herbert V., 102, 575–576
- Executive Committee for Economic Foreign Policy, 440
- Export-Import Bank of Washington, 201, 346; question of loans to—Austria, 202; Canada, 130;
China, 200, 202,
912–915;
Czechoslovakia, 314; Europe, 275n
; France, 203, 472, 480–481, 756–757, 759, 775, 786, 798–799, 801–802; Hungary, 294;
India, 166; Italy, 473, 480–481, 536, 836–837, 843, 843n
,
848–849, 851–852, 855–857, 859–860, 865n
, 906, 910, 912–915, 917–919, 935, 938, 944, 951, 958–959, 961–962, 974–975, 996–999; Pakistan,
173–174; United
Kingdom, 88–89
- Exports, U.S. (1947), 207, 209–211, 817; export controls, 214, 496, 500, 500n
, 502, 510; export programs for critical commodities,
211–213
- Fahy, Charles, 623
- Fajon, Etienne, 703n
- Far East, 236, 269, 327
- Faria, Antonio Augusto Braga Leite de, 1028–1030, 1035, 1037–1038, 1047, 1049
- Faroe Islands, 498, 666
- Federal Reserve Board, 440, 477n
, 942
- Federspiel, Per, 675
- Fedorov, Antemiy Fedorovich, 610n
- Féquant, Albert, 594
- Fierlinger, Zdenék, 318
- Fiji Island, 100
- Finland (see also under
Peace treaties), 317,
496, 560, 1004
- Fisher, Allan J., 75, 864, 955
- Fleming, Marcus, 64
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 264
- Foreign Aid Act of 1947, 819, 821–822
- Foreign Liquidation Commissioner (FLC),
112, 902, 904, 910, 935–936, 984
- Forrestal, James V. 90, 92, 263, 375, 686, 1012–1013
- Foster, Andrew B., 95, 96n
, 117–120, 124–126, 129, 130n
- Fox, Ernest F., 175n
- Frachon, Benoit, 703
- France, 688–826; 5, 61, 122, 159, 281, 295, 489, 906, 921, 934, 937, 1006, 1011
- Belgium, moratorium on transfers to, under payments agreement 781, 784,
786, 802
- Brazil, French payment obligations to, 802
- Coal (see also under
Coal shortages in Europe): Imports, 212, 496,
500–513,
742; production, 742–743
- Colonial policies and problems, 700–701, 742, 788;
Algeria, 701, 703; French Communist Party position regarding, 698–703;
French Indo-China, 329, 688n
, 693, 698–700, 788,
793, 795; French North Africa, 716,
793, 795; Madagascar revolt, 699–701, 788;
Tunisia, 703
- Constitution, question of revision of, 794
- Czechoslovakia, possible negotiation of Franco-Czech pact, 713–714
- Displaced persons from Eastern Europe, repatriation of, 635–636, 743
- Economic situation, 220n
, 240, 361–362, 710, 712–713, 718,
722, 730, 732, 742–744, 748–749, 768
- European Recovery Program. See under
European Recovery Program.
- Financial crisis, 472–473, 479,
716–717,
727–729,
732, 745, 749, 758, 762, 768, 780–783; balance of payments deficit, 230, 362;
dollar position, 745, 747, 756,
758, 768, 780–785, 808–809
- Food shortages, 474–475, 694,
696–697,
702, 707, 710, 725–727, 731, 748–749, 752,
754, 758, 760, 762, 766, 768, 774
- Friends of the Soviet Union, 798
- General strike sponsored by Communists, 804–806, 810–811, 819–820
- Germany, French attitude toward, 692–693, 722–724, 736, 738,
746, 751, 761–762, 787–788, 790,
793, 795, 807
- Gold looted by Germans, French efforts to recover, 757, 759,
775, 784, 798, 798n
, 809, 858, 914
- Governments:
- Blum Government, 688n
- Ramadier Government (coalition including Communists), 688n
, 689, 693–695, 698, 700, 703
- Ramadier Government (coalition without Communists), 709–712, 718–719, 748–749, 761–763, 767–770, 779–780, 793, 796
- Schuman Government, 803n
, 804n
, 810, 820–821, 824
- Import program, revision of, 785–786
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, loan to
France, 203, 253, 362, 472, 690,
708–709,
720, 729, 737, 748
- International Monetary Fund, 472–473, 781,
786
- Italian colonies. See under
Italian colonies.
- Italy: Agreement with Italy regarding labor, 635, 934; proposal for
customs union with Italy, 787
- Monnet Plan, 226, 251, 255,
338–339,
347, 366, 368, 418, 633, 712–713, 817
- Peace treaties. See under
Peace treaties.
- Poland, possible negotiation of pact with, 713–714
- Political situation (see also
Governments, supra):
- Appraisal of, 475–476
-
Confédération Générate du Travail
(CGT), 689–690, 695, 703, 770, 779–780, 792, 796–798, 803–805, 814, 819–820, 934
-
Force Ouvrière, creation of, 819, 819n
- French Communist Party: 688–691, 694–696, 698–703, 703n
, 710–712, 718–719, 721, 723, 730–732, 735–737, 748–751, 760–765, 767–772, 778–780, 783, 787–788, 790–792, 794–796, 796n
, 797–798, 803–806, 810–811, 813–814, 818–819, 821, 823–824; Soviet relationship to, 688–691, 694, 700–703, 703n
, 718–719, 731, 763–764, 778, 795–798, 804–806, 808, 810–811, 813–814
- Independent Republicans, 694
-
Mouvement Républicain Populaire
(MRP), 694–695, 698, 711, 718, 721, 723, 737, 759, 766, 770
- Municipal elections, 730, 732, 736–737, 748–751, 760, 762, 771, 774, 778, 783, 783n
, 791
- Radical Socialists, 698, 764
-
Rassemblement des Gauches
Républicaines (RGR), 694, 698, 711, 770
-
Rassemblement du Peuple Français
(RPF), 697n
, 730, 732, 737, 779, 783n
, 796
- Socialists, 695–696, 698–699, 701, 710–711, 718, 721, 730, 737–738, 748, 760, 764, 767–768, 770, 780, 791–792, 794, 796–797, 806–807
-
Union Démocratique et Socialiste de la
Résistance (UDRS), 698
- Soviet Union:
- Soviet relationship to French Communist Party. See under
Political situation: French Communist Party, supra
- Soviet policy toward France, 904–905
- Soviet wheat shipments to France, question of, 291, 734–736, 750–751, 753–754, 761, 766, 773–774, 808
- U.S. aid to France, Soviet attitude toward, 813
- United Kingdom: Anglo-French military conversations, proposed,
818–819;
moratorium on dollar transfers to, 781,
785–786;
relations with, 489–490; sterling balances, question of
convertibility of, 36–37, 41, 73–74, 79, 785–786, 802;
treaty of alliance and mutual assistance, Mar.
4, 713
- U.S. relations with:
- Agreements, 825–826; agreement for assistance
under
P.L. 389, 820–825; agreement regarding the recruitment of
German labor, 623–639
- Aid to France, question of (see
also
Emergency interim aid, infra), 710–711
- Commodity Credit Corporation assistance, 480–481, 786, 809
- Communist domination, U.S. attitude toward possibility of,
712, 721–722
- Emergency interim aid (see
also
Interim assistance
under
European Recovery Program), 472–484, 737, 737n
, 745, 760–763, 765–766, 775–778, 781–782, 786–790, 798, 801, 808–809, 815–816, 819; bilateral
agreement, Jan. 2, 1948, 820–824, 824n
, 825
- Export-Import Bank, question of loans to France, 203, 472, 480, 729, 737, 756–757, 759, 775, 786, 798–799, 801–802
- Food supplies for France, U.S. assistance in providing
additional, 696–697, 702–708, 708n
, 712, 715, 719–720, 725–726, 732–734, 736–739, 745–746, 749–750, 752–756, 760–761, 774, 811–812, 816–817
- French-owned assets in the United States, French proposals
for the mobilization of, 757,
799–801, 809, 815
- German policy of United States, French opposition to, 692, 722–724, 736–738, 745–746, 761
- Japanese-held gold, question of transfer to France, 759, 775, 781, 784, 786
- Loan from the United States, question of, 89, 200, 203, 206, 714, 748, 848
- Motion picture payments, moratorium on, 781, 786
- Payment for U.S. military expenditures in France, 775–776
- Prisoners of war, memorandum of understanding on
repatriation and liberation of, Mar. 11
and 13, 629–630, 634–636
- Reconstruction Finance Corporation funds for interim aid,
816
- Franckfort, Pierre, 606
- Franco y Bahamonde, Generalissimo Francisco, 1053–1054, 1057, 1061–1069, 1071–1087, 1089–1090, 1092–1098, 1100–1101
- Franks, Sir Oliver, 338–470
passim
- Fransoni, Francesco, 555n
, 556, 562, 999n
- French Indo-China, 329, 688n
, 693, 698–700, 788, 793, 795
- French Morocco, 1088;
arrangements for continued use of Port Lyautey by the U.S. Navy, 825
- French North Africa (see also
French Morocco), 596,
775, 808, 1086, 1089; Arab
League interest in, 582; Communist penetration
into, 905; long-range French plans for, 716, 793, 795; U.S. food shipments to, 704–705, 725, 733, 738–739, 752, 811–812
- Fried, Eugen, 729
- Friedman, Joseph B., 64, 79, 864, 955
- Galapagos Islands, 1034
- Gallarati Scotti, Tommaso, 617–618
- Gallman, Waldemar J., 87–88, 137, 185–193, 193n
, 254–255, 485–489, 492n
, 493–494, 590, 606, 615–616, 619, 987
- Gander International Airport (Newfoundland), 94–96, 96n
, 98–99
- Gasparotto, Luigi, 870
- Gaston, Herbert E., 955, 997
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. See under
Treaties, etc.
- Georgiev, Kimon, 564
- Germany (see also
Germany, West), 23,
213, 241, 243, 398, 476, 544, 640, 642–643, 659, 692, 808, 827, 846, 865, 906, 934
- Allied Control Authority (ACA),
631, 633–634, 650, 687n
- Allied Control Council (ACC), 644,
679
- Berlin conference of United Socialist Party, 765
- Disarmament and demilitarization of, draft four power pact on,
336, 713–715
- Forced labor, 622
- Gold, recovery of looted, 757, 759, 775,
784, 798n
, 809,
858, 914
- Partition, question of, 329
- Peace settlement, proposed, 217, 219, 237,
240, 329, 746
- Political and economic unity of, 307
- Prisoners of War in Western Europe, repatriation of, 487; Belgium, 621–622; France, 621–639
passim, 743;
Luxembourg, 621–622; memorandum of understanding between the United
States and France on repatriation and liberation of prisoners of
war, Mar. 11 and 13, 629–631; Netherlands, 621–622;
United Kingdom, 622; United States, 621–623, 626–628, 629n
, 630–634, 636n
- Reparations, 304–305, 329, 347, 496,
637, 723–724
- Soviet Union: Deportation of German technicians, 633; difficulties in obtaining Soviet
cooperation, 593, 602; Soviet policy, 811, 905; Soviet release of German prisoners
of war, 622; Soviet zone of occupation,
327, 632, 671n
,
765n
- War crimes, 622
- War documents from German Foreign Office archives:
British-French-U.S. agreement regarding publication of, 641, 645,
647; U.S. publication of
“Nazi-Soviet Relations”, 640–653; Soviet protest, 650–651
- Germany, West (British and American Zones of Occupation),
38, 99, 215–216, 220n
, 230, 240, 249, 277, 324, 346, 542, 712, 733, 755–756, 758, 904
- British-French-American discussions regarding, 332
- British role in, 43–44, 47–48, 89, 277
- Displaced persons in, 627, 630–631, 633–636
- European Recovery Program. See under
European Recovery Program.
- Industry: Dismantlement, question of, 273; levels of, 349–350, 353–354, 366,
368, 388, 409–410, 425, 496, 720,
722–724
- Labor for France from American zone, 630–639
- Remittances from German laborers in France, 630, 632, 637–638
- Ruhr problem, 273, 312–313, 315, 329,
332n
, 336, 366,
385, 394, 624, 720, 724, 745–747, 751, 756,
763, 817
- U.S. occupation, 1019–1023, 1025,
1028–1030, 1035, 1041, 1047;
occupation policies, 221, 337, 347;
Office of Military Government for the U.S. Zone (OMGUS), 354–355, 369, 410,
452, 631–632, 637
- Giacobbi, Paul, 793
- Giannini, Guglielmo, 556n
- Gibraltar, 1088
- Gil Rabies, José Maria, 1088–1089, 1096, 1098, 1100–1101
- Gimenez, Joaquin Ruiz, 1082
- Giral y Pereira, José, 1054, 1070n
- Glasser, Harold, 64, 74, 955
- Goa, 1028
- Gordon, Lincoln, 440, 463
- Gortais, Albert, 723–724, 736
- Gottwald, Klement, 314, 318–320
- Grady, Henry F., 157–167, 171, 175–181
- Grant, A. T. K., 25, 79, 274
- Greece, 171, 828, 832, 970, 991; Allied
Mission to Observe the Greek Elections, 1946, 181; British troops, withdrawal of, 951; Bulgarian peace treaty, Greek attitude
toward, 523; coal imports, 496; European Recovery Program, 314,
316, 438; Greek
claim to Epirus, 523; Italian colonies,
disposition of, 587, 595n
, 612n
; Soviet policy toward, 560, 904; sterling
balances, question of convertibility of, 36, 73–74, 79; U.S. economic and military assistance, 101, 109, 197–220
passim, 229–230, 240, 243, 351, 536, 538, 711, 733, 831, 880; U.S. policy
toward, 544, 603,
979; U.S. relief program for, 930
- Greene, Joseph N., 543–544, 546, 881n
, 931,
975–976
- Greenland:
- Consultations between the United States and Denmark on
arrangements for defense of Greenland, 657–687
- American Republics’ participation, proposal for, 668, 670, 681
- Canadian participation, proposal for, 667–668, 670, 681
- Danish position, 657–687
passim, 1014
- Defense of Greenland Agreement (1941) and question of termination, 657n
, 659, 660–666, 669–670, 672, 677, 680–681, 682
- U.S. position, 657–687
passim, 1005, 1014; purchase
proposal, 657n
, 668, 672, 674, 681; strategic
importance of Greenland to the United States, 657n
, 658, 664, 669–670, 676–678, 681
- Weather stations and Thule facilities, 681, 685; memorandum of
conversation signed May 12, 659n
- Gridley, John C., 498
- Griffis, Stanton, 313, 320–322
- Gromyko, Andrey Andreyevich, 578
- Gronchi, Giovanni, 556, 988
- Gross, Ernest A., 90–93, 369, 440, 640n
,
646n
- Guindey, Guillaume, 338
- Gunter, John W., 3–4,
14, 25, 33, 64, 73, 78–80, 272, 274, 276, 283, 288
- Halifax, Viscount, 34–35, 54
- Halleck, Charles A., 482
- Hall-Patch, Sir Edmund, 274–276, 283, 288, 291, 420, 423, 425–426, 429, 504–505
- Hamblen, Col. A. L., 881n
- Hammond, Maj. Mahlon B., 1046, 1050–1052
- Haraldson, Wesley C., 345–350
- Harding, Lt. Gen. Sir John, 881
- Hare, Raymond A., 154, 158, 161, 175–178
- Harley, Charles R., 64, 74
- Harmon Field (Newfoundland), 94
- Harriman, W. Averell, 26, 265, 371, 375, 456, 459, 463–465
482
553–554, 724, 754, 766, 773–774, 842, 852, 859, 937, 955
- Harrington, Julian F., 97
- Harsch, Joseph C., 246–247
- Harvey, Sir Oliver, 1084–1085
- Hawkins, Harry C., 70
- Hayes, Carlton J. H., 1086, 1089
- Heatherington, Mr., 72
- Hebbard, William L., 75
- Hedtoft, Hans, 667, 676, 685
- Heidrich, Arnost, 319
- Helmore, James, 274–275, 288
- Henderson, John Nicholas, 646–649
- Henderson, Loy W., 236, 569–570, 570n
, 571n
, 582, 589n
, 601–605, 608, 614–615, 640n
, 644–645, 646n
- Herriot, Edouard, 762
- Herter, Christian A., 386, 807
- Hervé, Pierre, 688–689
- Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 484
- Hickerson, John D.: Canada, 106n
, 107n
, 108n
,
118, 120, 124; Denmark, 679–680; European Recovery Program,
345n
, 351–355, 369; Prance, 693,
744–747, 772n
, 790–793; Greenland,
668–670, 677–678; India, 143; “Nazi-Soviet Relations” publication, 640n
, 643–645, 646n
, 653n
; peace treaties, 531–533, 534n
, 548–549; Portugal
negotiations regarding bases in Azores, 1019–1022, 1040–1042; Spain, 1062–1064, 1084–1085, 1087; Spitsbergen and Bear Island, 1015n
- Highby, Leo I., 993n
- Hilldring, John H., 197–199, 583–584, 868–869, 926n
- Hirschfeld, M. H. M., 394, 425–426, 463, 467–468
- Hitler, Adolf, 290, 394, 640, 643, 648, 650, 652, 691, 724
- Hoffman, Paul G., 266
- Hooker, John S., 75, 864, 955
- Hoover, Calvin B., 266
- Horak, Bohuslav, 319
- Horner, John E., 564
- Horsey, Outerbridge, 1062, 1083, 1090–1091
- Horthy, Admiral Miklos, 294
- Howard, D. P., 1069n
- Huddle, Jerome Klahr, 175n
, 176
- Huglin, Brig. Gen. H. Q., 867, 1037
- Hulick, Charles V., 643
- Humelsine, Carlisle H., 61, 66, 69, 256n
, 372, 396, 549n
- Hungary, 246, 314,
317, 651, 687; Communist Party, 796n
; Czech treatment of Hungarian
nationals, 524; elections, 560; Hungarian gold, return of, 840,
858–859; peace
treaty, see under
peace treaties; President Truman’s statement, June 14, 549–550, 550
n; Soviet cooperation, difficulty in obtaining, 602; sterling balances, question of
convertibility of, 36, 73–74, 79;
U.S. aid, question of, 203, 206, 294; U.S.
political interests in, 210; U.S. relief
program, 930
- Hurcomb, Sir Cyril, 101
- Husseini, Haj Amin el (Grand Mufti), 642
- Huston, Cloyce K., 1003–1004, 1018
- Hutton, Maurice I., 51–52
- Hvass, Frants, 667
- Hyderabad, 151–152, 178–179
- Hyssong, Brig. Gen. Clyde L., 954, 968, 983–985, 987
- Ibn Saud, Abdul Aziz, 581
- Iceland, 829–834
- Coal, need to import, 496, 498
- Communist Party, 830–831, 833–834
-
ECO, membership proposed, 498
- Economic and financial situation, 829–830, 833
- European Recovery Program, 316, 438
- Iceland Airport Corporation, 830n
, 833
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 832
- Trade negotiations with Soviet Union and United Kingdom, 829–830
- United States, agreements with: Fish purchase agreement, 829–833;
termination of defense agreement and interim use of Keflavik
Airfield, 830n
,
1005, 1021, 1033
- Ikramullah, Mohammed, 164n
- Imports, U.S., 210
- India, 136–193;
2, 11, 14, 16, 23, 42, 46, 605
- Afghan interest in North West Frontier Province, Nehru’s views on,
160–161
- British-American cooperation regarding, question of, 177–178
- Commonwealth status, question of, 176–177
- Communal disturbances, 167–169, 175–176
- Communism in, 139
- Communist Party, 158
- Constituent Assembly, 137–138, 140–142, 145–146, 153;
refusal of Muslim League to attend, 138,
140, 142, 145, 152–154
- Customs Union with Pakistan, question of, 175, 177
- Federal Union, 136, 144
- Governor-General, 157–158, 162
- Indian National Congress, 136–139, 141–142, 145–147, 149–150, 152–154; All India Congress Committee, 137, 138n
, 142,
153
- Interim Government, 138–139, 141–142, 145,
146n
, 152–153
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,
consideration of loan, 161, 166
- Italian colonies, disposal of, 570,
587, 595n
, 612n
- Kashmir. See under
Kashmir dispute.
- Muslim League, 136–137, 139–142, 145–147, 150,
152; Council of All India Muslim
League, 140
- Non-alignment policy, 138–139, 160–161
- Princely States (see also
Kashmir dispute), 141–142, 146, 151–152, 176,
178–179
- Soviet Union, Indian attitude toward, 148, 161, 168–169, 181
- United Kingdom:
- Food supplies for India, 271
- Partition of India, British attitude toward, 147, 154–156
- Sterling convertibility, question of, 293
- Transfer of power: Cabinet Mission Plan, 136–141, 144, 147, 150–154, 156; Indian Independence Bill,
160; London Conference, Dec. 1946, 146; Prime Minister’s statements, Feb. 20, 143–144, 149–150, June 3, 155–156, 158
- U.S. relations with:
- Agreement respecting flights across India by U.S. military
aircraft, and facilities accorded, July 1
and 5, 193; diplomatic
recognition of India, 159–160, 164; evacuation of refugees from North West
Frontier Province, 167, 169–172; Export-Import Bank loan, question of, 166; Indian attitude toward the
United States, 161; Nehru’s
objection to Dulles’ statement concerning Soviet influence
on interim government, 138–140; U.S. attitude toward
Princely States, 151–152, 162–163, 178–179; U.S. food shipments, 164–166, 169, 179; U.S. interest in self-government for India,
136, 144, 151
- Indo-China. See
French Indo-China.
- Indonesia. See
Netherlands East Indies.
- Inter-Allied Reparations Agency (IARA),
729
- Inter-American Conference for the maintenance of continental peace and
security, Quintandinha, Brazil, Aug. 15–Sept. 2, 61n
, 372n
- Inter-American Military Cooperation Act, proposed, 112–113
- Interdepartmental Committee on Trade Agreements (TAC), 127
- Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees, 626
- Interior Department, 440, 477n
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD):
- European Recovery Program, role in. See
under
European Recovery Program.
- Question of loans to: France, 203,
253, 362, 472, 480, 690, 708–709, 720, 729,
737; Iceland, 832; India, 161, 166; Iran, 203; Italy, 480, 536–537, 856, 858,
958–959,
961, 975; Pakistan, 173; Poland, 279–280, 387; United Kingdom, 44, 46
- Soviet Union, non-membership of, 291
- International Children’s Fund, U.S. contribution to, 200–202
- International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 96, 1092
- International Committee of the Red Cross, 625–630, 638
- International Conference on Civil Aviation, Chicago, 1944, 96
- International Congress on River Transportation, Paris, 1947, 491n
- International Emergency Food Council (IEFC), 166, 212, 252, 388, 458, 704–705, 732–734, 738–739, 752–753, 755–756, 758, 766, 812, 846, 929, 963, 969, 982
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 232, 941; Board of
Governors meeting, 78n
,
88; France, 472–473, 480, 728–729, 781, 786; Italy, 480, 975; United Kingdom, 18, 26, 35,
46, 53–54, 76, 83, 90, 280, 346; United
States, 201
- International Refugee Organization (IRO), U.S. contribution to, 199, 201
- International Trade Organization, proposed, 54,
76, 125, 284, 325, 375, 395, 853, 856; Charter,
54, 57, 59–60, 66n
, 91, 123, 316, 340–341, 393, 414, 853–854; principles, 281–282, 386
- International United Nations Association, 691
- Inverchapel, Lord, 17n
,
24, 85, 143–144, 144n
, 253–254, 256–257, 537n
- Iran, 11, 203, 206–207, 603
- Iraq, 11, 16
- Ireland, 314, 316,
364, 438, 496, 498; agreement
with the United States respecting air transport services, June 2 and 3, 194
- Ispahani, Mirza Abol Hassan, 163n
, 172, 184
- Italian colonies in Africa, negotiations regarding the
disposition of, 569–620
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 590, 601, 605
- Arab League, 570, 576–582, 602, 619
- Council of Foreign Ministers and their Deputies, 569–620
passim
-
ECOSOC survey, postponement of
597n
, 597–598
- Egypt, 570–571, 579–580, 586–587, 589,
595n
, 602, 607,
612, 612n
, 613–614, 616, 618–619, 620n
- Eritrea, 570n
,
582–584,
586, 590, 597–598, 601, 604–605, 610, 614–619
- Ethiopia, 36, 570–571, 579, 582,
584, 586–587, 590, 595n
, 597,
601–602,
604–605,
607, 612n
, 613–616, 616n
, 617–619, 620n
- Four Power Commission of Investigation, 569–620
passim
- France, 570, 572–573, 575, 582–584, 594–596, 607,
837
- Independence, question of, 602
- Italian Somaliland, 570n
, 583–584, 590,
595, 601, 605, 610, 614–617, 619
- Libya, 569–620
passim
- Cyrenaica, 577, 580, 584, 597–599, 601, 604; British
bases in, proposals for, 584,
591, 593–594, 599, 603, 609; British
trusteeship, proposals for, 591,
599; independence, question
of, 592, 599
- Future status, questions concerning:
- Attachment to Egypt, 580–581
- Independence, 579–580, 584, 619
- Trusteeship under: Italy, 608; United Kingdom, 601, 604;
United Nations, 580;
United States, 580, 609
- Tripolitania: 577, 580–581, 597–599, 601, 604; Soviet
trusteeship over, question of 584, 592–593
- “Other interested governments”, 569–620
passim
- Soviet Union, 572, 575, 582–584, 590–594, 602,
605, 607–608, 618–620
- Trusteeship, proposals for:
- Italy, for all former colonies, 528, 531, 574, 574n
, 582, 584, 593, 595, 617–618; for Libya, 608
- Soviet Union, for Tripolitania, 584, 593; U.S.
opposition, 584
- United Kingdom, for Cyrenaica, 591; for Italian Somaliland, 590, 601; for Libya, 601
- United Nations, 584
- United States, for Libya, 580,
609
- United Kingdom, 570–572, 575–576, 582–584, 590–592, 595–596, 599–601, 605,
607–608,
617
- United States: 570–571, 574–575, 579,
582–589,
592–594,
596, 601–605, 608–609;
question of discrimination against American trade in, 43, 72, 83, 86
- Italian Somaliland. See under
Italian colonies.
- Italy, 835–1001; 44, 61, 290, 295, 640, 643, 787, 808, 1004, 1009, 1014
- Allied Commission, 862, 876
- Allied Occupation Forces, withdrawal of, 861–864, 866–869, 872, 877,
880–882,
887, 905, 926, 970, 977, 979–980
- Balance of payments deficit, 230, 849, 855, 906–907, 915,
922, 936, 942–944, 947–949, 961,
971–972
- Coal shortages, 212, 496, 906–907, 973
- Constitution, 871, 905
- Disarmament of, 907
- Dollar shortage, 959, 961, 965,
971, 974, 981–982, 994–995
- Economic situation, 220n
, 240, 362, 536–537, 838,
880, 886, 88–890, 893, 898, 911,
922, 946, 962, 970, 978
- European Recovery Program. See under
European Recovery Program.
- Financial situation (see also
Balance of payments deficit, supra), 473, 479–480, 880, 886,
893, 898, 900–901, 906, 946–947, 949, 958–959, 961,
982
- Food shortages, 474, 733, 755,
839, 907, 922, 929, 947–950, 963–964
- France, agreement regarding French utilization of Italian labor,
635, 934
- Governments: Second De Gasperi Government, 883n
; third De
Gasperi Government, 876–881, 889–890, 893,
896, 898–899, 905, 946;
fourth De Gasperi Government, 912n
, 913,
915, 919–920, 923, 929,
933–934,
967, 970, 975–978, 981, 988, 991
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, question of
loans to Italy, 480, 536–537, 856, 858,
958–959,
961, 975
- International Monetary Fund, 480, 975
- International Trade Organization, Italian attitude toward, 853
- Italian Air Force and Army, question of Allied surplus equipment
for, 863–864, 867–873, 878–879, 884,
887–888,
902–904,
910, 917, 925–930, 932, 938–939, 954–955, 967–969, 983, 990
- Italian colonies. See
Italian colonies.
- Morgan line, 516, 518n
, 548n
, 953
- Peace treaty. See under
Peace treaties.
- Pola, 516, 548n
, 953
- Political situation (see also
Governments, supra), 475–476, 536–537, 789–790, 838,
877–878,
889–890,
893, 896–897, 899–901, 923, 946,
970, 976, 988–989
- Christian Democrats, 870–871, 889, 905, 911–912, 919, 934, 978, 988
-
Confederazione Generale Italiana del
Lavoro (CGIL),
899, 934, 977
- Elections, 846, 871, 889, 894, 904–905, 907, 912, 915, 978
- Independents, 970
- Italian Communist Party (PCI), 765, 796, 813–814, 839, 870–871, 877–878, 882, 889–891, 893, 897–900, 904–905, 908–909, 912, 915–916, 919, 923–924, 933–934, 938, 946, 950, 953, 970, 975, 977–978, 981, 988–989; Soviet
relationship with, 839, 878, 904, 947, 970, 977, 979
- Liberals, 870, 898–899
- National Association of Italian Partisans (ANPI), 924
-
Parti Socialista dei Lavoratori
Italiani (PSLI-Saragat Socialists), 870, 878, 919, 989
- Republicans, 870, 988
- Socialists, 870–871, 877, 889, 905, 916, 975, 978, 981
- Relief needs, 874, 882–883
- Soviet policy toward Italy (see also under
Political situation: Italian Communist Party, supra),
811; Soviet policy toward U.S. aid
to Italy, 813
- Tangier international regime, Italian readmission to, 909
- Termination of war, question regarding, 563n
- United Kingdom: Anglo-Italian financial agreement, Apr. 17, 932–933, 937,
960; British forces in Italy,
withdrawal of, 539–540, 559, 951–953, 953n
; sterling
balances, question of convertibility of, 11–12, 16, 856, 958–960, 971–972, 974–975, 982; trade and payments agreement,
proposed, 856
- United Nations: Italian attitude toward, 907, 970;
question of Italian membership in, 536–537, 906, 933,
957–958,
966
- U.S. relations with:
- Agreement of Jan. 25, 941
- Agreements regarding—
- Air navigation, communication and weather
facilities, June 7, 920
- Commerce and navigation (1871), 853
- Military matters in Italy, liquidation of
residual, Nov. 12 and Dec. 5, 999–1000
- Relief program for Italy, July
4, 930–931
- Surplus property, July 21,
1947, 939–942, 967, 976, 983–986; 1946, 916, 925, 932–933, 935–938, 940, 984–987
- Air Agreement, proposed, 909
- Army Survey Group (ASGI),
983, 989–991
- Assets in the United States, return of, 530, 535, 837, 844, 857, 906, 915, 921–922, 958
- Civilian supplies, question of cancellation of U.S. share
of Italian debt for, 844, 857
- Coal supplies for Italy, 838–839, 500, 513, 846–847, 861, 890–891, 956
- Commodity Credit Corporation funds for purchase of
agricultural products, consideration of, 996
- Communist take-over in North Italy, recommendations of
Policy Planning Staff in event of, 979–981
- Dollar counterpart for U.S. Army requisitions in Italy,
997
- Economic and Financial Mission to the United States
(Lombardo Mission), 915, 936, 942–945, 956, 959
- Economic survey, Italian request for U.S. cooperation in
preparing, 858
- Emergency interim aid, 89, 203, 206–207, 472–484, 802, 823–824, 880, 894, 905, 908, 911–912, 974–975, 982, 993–997
- Export-Import Bank, question of loans to Italy, 473, 480, 536, 836–837, 843, 848–849, 851–852, 855–857, 859–860, 865n
, 906, 910, 912–915, 917–919, 935, 938, 944, 951, 958–959, 961–962, 974, 996–999
- Financial agreement, proposed, 857
- Food supplies for Italy, 755,
838–839, 841, 845–846, 850–851, 860–861, 865, 875–876, 895–897, 907, 944–946, 950, 957, 963–964, 969–970, 972–973, 982, 985–986, 991–993
- Gold captured at Fortezza by Allied armies, request for
return of, 840, 858–859, 912–914, 934, 976, 982, 987; return by Protocol, Oct.
10, 987n
- Liberty ships, credit to Italy for purchase of, 837, 839–842, 847, 860, 864–865, 907, 944, 955–956
- Military and civil affairs agreement, Sept. 3, 868–869, 875, 926–927, 931, 964–965
- Military assistance, consideration of, 903, 910, 990–991
- Naval vessels, Italian, allocated to the United States,
question of the return of, 530,
535, 837, 907, 967
- Payments by the United States on “suspense account”, 836–839, 844, 857n
, 910, 915, 959–961, 982, 995
- Plan A, 844, 857
- Prisoner of war trust fund account, transfer to Italy
from, 912–913, 958, 966, 976, 982, 995
- Protocol between the United States, the United Kingdom and
Italy regarding Fortezza gold, Oct.
10, 987
- Relief assistance to Italy (post-UNRRA), 226, 840, 843–844, 847, 876–877, 879, 882–883, 890–891, 894, 906–907, 909, 915, 922, 930–931, 942, 950, 957, 960–961, 966, 971–973, 979–980
- Ships Hermitage and Monticello, negotiations regarding,
849–850, 857
- Statements of U.S. policy toward Italy, 546, 548–549, 906–907, 909n
, 910, 915–916
- Surplus property transfers, 916–917, 925–926, 932–933, 935–942, 983–987
- Trade agreement, proposed, 909
- Treaty of friendship, commerce and navigation between the
United States and Italy, Feb. 2,
1948, 838, 853–854, 857, 906, 909
- Troop pay accounts, 958–959, 961, 966, 976
- United Nations, U.S. support for Italian membership in,
906
- UNRRA relief, United States contribution to, 841, 844, 931, 960–961
- U.S. forces in Italy, question of withdrawal of, 533, 539–540, 548, 559, 565–566, 868, 872, 875, 881–882, 884–885, 892, 964–965, 975, 987, 1000
- U.S. Military Mission in Italy, 983, 990
- U.S. political interests in Italy, 210
- U.S. support for moderate elements in Italy, 907–910, 913, 965
- Visit to the United States by De Gasperi, Jan. 1947, 569, 835–861, 907
- Wartime claims and related matters, memorandum of
understanding regarding, Aug. 14,
910n
,
956
- Yugoslavia (see also under
Peace treaties: Italy), 907; frontier
question, 966–967; territorial cession, 977; Yugoslav aggression, considerations regarding possible,
970, 979–981
- Zone A, 516, 518n
, 881
- Jackson, Henry M., 482
- Jackson, Wayne G., 118, 124, 369
- Jacquin de Margerie, Roland, 463, 606
- Jakobsson, Aki, 829
- Jamaica, 94
- Japan, 215, 217,
273, 336, 640–643, 759, 775, 781, 784, 786, 1004, 1009, 1014, 1019–1047
passim
- Jaynes, Maj. Gen. Lawrence, 990
- Jebb, Hubert Miles Gladwyn, 556, 572, 574–576, 600
- Jennings, Miss G. M., 64
- Jewish Agency, 578
- Jinnah, Mohammed Ali, 136–138, 141–142, 146n
, 149–150, 152–155, 158, 160–164, 180–181
- Johnson, Herschel, 645
- Joint Chiefs of Staff, 206–208, 565, 584, 592–594, 603, 722, 867–868, 871–873, 878–879, 903, 931, 1005, 1012–1015
- Jonasson, Herman, 830–831
- Jones, Edgar, 64–65
- Jones, George Lewis, 599
- Jones, J. Jefferson, 3d, 149–150
- Jones, J. Wesley, 1000
- Jones, Joseph M., 219–220, 233n
,
240
- Jordan, Philip, 246
- Jouhaux, Léon, 806, 819n
- Joyce, Robert P., 565–566
- Kaiser, Philip, 441, 463
- Kamarck, Andrew M., 75, 864
- Kashmir dispute, 179–193; 169, 172, 175
- Accession of Kashmir to India: 179,
180, 182, 186, 188; Indian demands that Pakistan cease support for, 183, 189–190 movement of Pakistan tribesmen into
Kashmir, 179, 181, 183–184, 186–189; Pakistan reaction, 180, 181
- Afghan position, 187
- British position, 181–184, 186–187, 190–192
- Plebiscite under U.N. auspices, 180–188, 190–192
- Soviet participation in U.N. plebiscite commission, Indian
opposition to, 184, 187
- U.N. Security Council, Indian referral to: 184–193; Pakistan position,
186, 192
- U.S. position, 181–185, 187,
192–193
- Withdrawal of military forces, proposals regarding, 181, 187–188
- Kauffmann, Henrik de, 660–685
passim
- Keith, Gerald, 313, 320–321
- Kennan, George F., 220–223, 235–236, 240, 242, 244–245, 247n
,
267–268, 284, 332n
, 335n
, 338, 369–371, 374–376, 383, 391, 394, 396–397, 397–405, 416, 440, 1091–1092
- Kenya, 4n
, 605
- Keogh, Eugene J., 739, 742, 744
- Key, David M., 516, 835n
, 836–837
- Keynes, Lord, 3
- Kindleberger, Charles P., 241–247, 369–370, 440
- Kindley Field (Bermuda), 95, 97, 99
- King, Fleet Admiral Ernest J., 245
- King, William Lyon Mackenzie, 105, 108–110, 112–113, 125, 128n
, 131
- Kirk, Alexander C., 987n
- Kissner, Brig. Gen. A. W., 1019–1020, 1038
- Knapp, J. Burke, 39, 64–65, 78–79, 463, 864, 955
- Knight, Ridgway B., 739–744
- Koenig, Robert P., 266, 501
- Kolarov, Vasil Petkov, 564
- Korea, 37, 199,
201, 205n
, 206, 215, 220n
, 240, 336, 602, 680
- Kostylev, Mikhail, 553n
- Kristensen, Knud, 660n
,
661, 662, 663, 666–667, 675–676, 685n
- Krug, Julius A., 265, 457, 502
- Kuznetsov, Nikolay Dmitriyevich, 1012n
- Labor Department, 440
- Labouisse, Henry R., Jr., 441, 925
- La Chapelle, Col. de, 606
- Lacoste, Robert, 742–744
- La Guardia, Fiorello H., 541
- Land, Emory S., 101
- Lange, Halvard M., 1003–1018
passim
- Lary, H. B., 64, 75,
955
- Latin America. See
American Republics.
- Leathers, Lord, 101
- Lee, Lt. Gen. John C. H., 516, 533, 875, 880–882, 884, 887, 888n
, 902, 927, 929, 931, 937n
, 952–954, 967–969, 975n
, 983
- Lehman, Herbert H., 490
- Lend-Lease, 7, 10,
103, 278, 283, 449, 482–483, 485n
, 863, 903
928–930, 932–933, 936–937, 939
- Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 691
- Lerroux, Alejandro, 1086
- Lewis, Charles W., Jr., 163–164, 172, 179–180
- Lewis, James H., 70–74
- Lewis, John L., 502
- Liaquat Ali Khan, 136–137, 170–171, 180, 181n
, 186,
189
- Liberia, 37
- Libya. See under
Italian colonies.
- Lie, Trygve, 262
- Liesching, Sir Percivale, 274–275, 283
- Lincoln, Brig. Gen. George A., 106n
, 198n
- Lintott, H. J. B., 64, 66
- Lippmann, Walter, 241
- Lister, Louis, 491–492
- Lithuania, 642
- Llopis, Rodolfo, 1070
- Locker, M. E., 75, 955
- Lombardo, Ivan Matteo, 915, 936, 956, 988–989
- Longo, Luigi, 924
- Longstreet, Victor, 382
- Louchheim, Walter C., Jr., 75, 864
- Loudon, Alexander, 257–258
- Lovett, Robert A.: British financial position, 27–28, 43,
55–56, 60–63, 66–70, 80–81, 86–88, 90–93; Canadian dollar
shortage, 119–120,
126–127, 130; Denmark, removal of German refugees from,
680, 683, 686–687; European
Recovery Program, 247n
,
267n
, 308n
, 315–484
passim; France, 717–825
passim; Greenland, 668,
672, 676–677; India, 166–170; Italy, 955–994
passim; Kashmir dispute, 181–182, 184–185, 192–193; “Nazi-Soviet Relations”,
publication of, 645–647; Newfoundland, leased bases in, 99; Pakistan, 172–174; peace treaties, 557n
, 565; Portugal, bases in
Azores, 1032–1036,
1042–1045,
1050–1051;
Spain, 1090–1091,
1092n
, 1096–1097, 1099
- Lubin, Isador, 242
- Lupi di Soragna, Marquis Antonio Meli, 522,
525
- Luthringer, George, 864, 955
- Luxembourg, 206, 236, 314, 316, 426, 438
- Lynch, Thomas J., 965
- Macao, 1028
- MacArthur, Gen. of the Army Douglas, 167
- MacArthur, Douglas, 2d, 766–772
- MacChesney, Brunson, 742
- Macdonald, John J., 149–150
- Macy, W. Kingsland, 739–740, 742, 744
- Madagascar, 699–701, 788
- Maffitt, Edward P., 1056, 1082
- Maury, August, 864
- Magowan, Sir John, 44–45, 51–53,
63, 424
- Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. See
Singh, Sir Hari.
- Makins, Roger M., 24, 420, 504–507, 510–512
- Malaya, 159
- Malenbaum, Wilfred, 244
- Malik, Yakow Alexandrovich, 552n
, 566
- Mallett, Victor, 1069, 1073
- Malraux, André, 791
- Manfull, Melvin L., 463, 463n
- Manuilsky, Dimitri Zakharovich, 765
- Manus Island, 102–103, 671, 682
- Margerie, Bernard A. M. de, 816–817
- Maritime Commission, 101, 214, 491–492, 496, 499, 841, 847, 849–850, 857, 860, 864–865, 907, 956, 976
- Maritime ship transfers, 200–201, 206, 231
- Marjolin, Robert Ernest, 463
- Marras, Gen. Efisio Luigi, 967n
, 968
- Marris, Adam D., 376n
,
406, 431, 463, 467
- Marshall, George C.: Anglo-French military talks, proposed, 818–819; appointment
as Secretary of State, 841n
; British financial position, 3–88
passim; Canada, 111–113, 116, 121; coal shortages in Europe, 486–513
passim; China, 148;
Council of Foreign Ministers, London, 482
n; Council of Foreign Ministers, Moscow, 109–110, 495n
, 693
n; Denmark, removal of German refugees from, 679, 682–683; European Recovery Program, 198–484
passim, 787; France, 690–824
passim; German prisoners of war, repatriation of,
626–629, 631–633, 637–638; Greenland,
negotiations with Denmark regarding defense of, 660–665, 668–675, 677, 679–682; Iceland, 829, 831, 833; India, 136–172
passim; Italian colonies, disposition of, 570–619, passim; Italy, 535–999
passim; Kashmir dispute, 179–188
passim; “Nazi-Soviet Relations”, publication of, 644–646;
Newfoundland, civil use of leased bases in, 97;
peace treaties, 516–567
passim; Portugal, bases in Azores, 1020–1051
passim; Spain, 1058–1099
passim; Spitsbergen and Bear Island question, 1012–1018
- Marshall Plan. See
European Recovery Program.
- Martin Artajo, Alberto, 1053n
, 1054–1056, 1061, 1082, 1086, 1089
- Martin, Edwin M., 243
- Martin, Joseph W., Jr., 807, 814
- Martin, William McC., Jr., 39, 78–79, 89, 798, 859, 864, 955
- Martinov, Ivan Mikhailovich, 606
- Marty, André, 703
- Marvel, Josiah, Jr., 657–676
passim
- Masaryk, Jan, 313–314, 319–320
- Mason, Edward S., 246
- Massigli, René, 513, 600n
, 606,
617, 619, 1081
- Matalo, Col., 1052
- Mathews, Elbert G., 167, 175n
, 176,
179
- Mathias, Marcello, 1024, 1030
- Matthews, H. Freeman, 44, 251, 256n
,
308n
, 327, 337n
, 526–528, 557, 663, 717–722, 904, 907–909, 914–916, 933–935, 1004–1005
- Mauvais, Léon, 703
- Mayer, Daniel, 714
- Mayer, René, 772, 816, 820, 822–824
- McCloy, John J., 279, 325, 690, 708–709, 832, 958
- McClure, Russell S., 491–492
- McGhee, George C., 845–850, 854–861
- McKinnon, Hector B., 129–130
- McMahon, Brien, 233
- McNeil, Hector, 494, 498, 649, 1069, 1073
- McNeill, Charles R., 64
- McWilliams, William J., 646n
- Melbourne, Roy M., 563–564
- Mendès-France, Pierre, 690, 772, 793
- Menichella, Donato, 842, 845, 848–849, 852, 854, 858, 860, 982
- Merchant Ship Sales Act of 1946, 214
- Merrell, George R., 136–139, 141–143, 152–155
- Merzagora, Giuseppe, 937n
, 945, 974
- Mexico, 974
- Miall, Leonard, 246–247
- Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean, Anglo-American strategic interests
in, 593–594, 602–604, 609
- Middleton, George H., 1014–1015
- Migone, Bartolomeo, 987
- Mikoyan, Anastas Ivanovich, 773
- Military aid and assistance, 217–218
- Millet, Charles S., 95–96
- Millikin, Senator Eugene D., 281
- Minnigerode, Holds worth G., 156–157
- Miranda, Miguel, 271
- Moch, Jules, 738, 814
- Modzelewski, Zygmunt, 321–322
- Molina, Father, 1085, 1087
- Mollet, Guy, 796
- Molotov, Vyacheslav M., 242, 256, 259, 262, 266, 296–311, 319–320, 397–398, 531, 561–562, 568, 640, 643, 718, 731, 797, 1003–1005, 1005n
, 1009–1012, 1016, 1018
- Monick, Emmanuel, 342, 798
- Monnet, Jean, 226, 251, 253, 315–317, 712n
, 798
- Monnet Plan. See under
France.
- Monroney, A. S. Mike, 739, 741–742
- Montgomery of Alamein, Field Marshal Viscount, 818
- Moore, Ben T., 239–241, 243, 382, 442–443, 845, 852–854
- Moore, Maj. Gen. Bryant E., 566
- Morayed, Taher Bey el, 581
- Morgan, John H., 663–665, 668n
,
678n
- Morgan, Lt. Gen. Sir William D., 861–863, 866–867, 872–873
- Morgenstierne, Wilhelm Munthe de, 1004, 1005n
- Morgenthau Plan, 349
- Moro-Giafferri, Vincent de, 550
- Morozov, K., 294
- Morse, Chandler, 118
- Mountbatten of Burma, Admiral Viscount, 143–144, 155–158, 161–162, 164, 169, 175, 177–178, 179n
,
180, 181, 184
- Moutet, Marius, 701
- Mowrer, Edgar Ansel, 541
- Muggeridge, Malcolm, 246–247
- Munro, Gordon, 2–4,
16, 41
- Muntasser, Mahmud Bey, 581
- Murphy, Robert D., 263, 343–345, 350–351, 410, 412, 415, 637, 662
- Murray, J. R., 118
- Mussolini, Benito, 290, 904
- Myrdal, Gunnar, 262–263
- Narain (Narayan), Jayprakash, 142, 153, 158
- National Advisory Council (NAC) on
International Monetary and Financial problems: British financial situation,
6–8, 30–32, 34–41, 53–56, 65, 68–69, 73, 77n
, 79–80, 82n
, 87, 93; Canadian loan, 130n
; establishment by Bretton Woods
Agreements Act, 344n
;
European Recovery Program, 289, 344, 440; Italy, 843, 852, 859–860, 864–865, 955–956, 999n
- National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), 385
- National security and national interests of United States, 208–209, 216–218, 219n
, 220n
, 225
- National Security Council (NSC), 483
- Navigation of the Rhine and Danube rivers, U.S. interest in questions
related to, 654
- Navy Department, 206–207, 263, 440, 477n
,
1014
- “Nazi-Soviet Relations, 1939–1941”, publication of,
640–647;
implications for U.S. policy, 652–653; reactions of France and the United Kingdom,
645–650, the
Soviet Union, 650–652
- Near and Middle East, 207, 236, 327, 593–594, 602–604, 609, 817
- Negrin, Juan, 1091
- Nehru, Pandit Jawaharal, 136, 138, 138n
, 139, 142, 146n
, 151n
, 152, 157, 160, 167, 169–171, 175, 177, 180–181, 182, 184, 186–187, 189–192
- Neill, James, 95–96
- Nenni, Pietro, 515, 522n
, 554–556, 581, 835n
,
871, 893, 919n
, 923, 967, 988
- Nepal: United States efforts to establish diplomatic relations with, 151–152; transfer of
sterling, 37
- Ness, Norman T., 2, 55, 74, 90,
90n
, 91, 93, 130n
, 385, 405, 843–845, 849, 853–854, 913–914, 942–945, 951, 955, 987n
, 993
- Netherlands, 5, 11,
16, 122, 212, 496, 504, 612n
, 642, 818, 1011
- Netherlands East Indies, 15, 23, 206, 269
- Newfoundland: Union of Newfoundland and Canada, Apr.
1949, 99n
; U.S.
efforts to negotiate civil aircraft use of leased bases, 94–99
- New Guinea, 103
- New Zealand, 11–12,
16, 57, 232, 276, 587, 595n
, 612n
, 616, 618–620
- Nigeria, 605
- Nitti, Francesco Saverio, 894, 905, 908, 988
- Nitze, Paul H., 64, 74, 124, 129, 240n
,
343–346, 405, 441
- Noble, G. Bernard, 646n
, 647
- Noce, Maj. Gen. Daniel, 680
- Norstad, Maj. Gen. Lauris, 107n
, 108n
, 669–670, 680, 929–930, 1015n
- Norton, Garrison, 94–95
- Norway: 1003–1018; 16, 212, 496, 642, 675
- Nourse, Edwin G., 265n
- O’Connell, Joseph J., Jr., 39, 864
- Office of Alien Property, 757, 921; Office of Alien Property Custodian, 844, 857, 921
- Office of Defense Transportation (ODT),
499
- Office of Foreign Funds Control, 799
- Office of the Foreign Liquidation Commissioner (OFLC), 902, 916–917, 925–926, 932, 936–941, 985, 987
- Ogaden, 590, 605,
615–617
- Olgeirsson, Einar, 833
- Oppenheimer, Fritz, 643–644, 646n
- Ortona, Egidio, 845, 853–854, 860, 865
- Overby, Andrew N., 38–40, 864, 955
- Pakistan, 136–193
- Commonwealth status, question of, 176–177
- Constituent Assembly, 160–161, 163
- Customs Union with India, question of, 175, 177
- Governor-General, 157–158
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, question of
loan to Pakistan, 173
- Italian colonies, disposition of, 587,
612n
- Jinnah’s efforts to achieve an independent Pakistan, 142, 145,
147, 150, 152–155
- Kashmir. See
Kashmir dispute.
- U.S. relations with: Diplomatic relations, 156–160, 162–164; loan
requests, 173–174; refugees, evacuation of, 170–171, 172
- Palestine, 4, 42,
83, 154, 177, 202–203, 591, 593, 603–604
- Palewski, Gaston, 790–794
- Palmer, Joseph, 2d, 599, 607–609
- Pan American Union, 109, 465–467
- Pandit, Mrs. Vijayalakshmi, 139, 157, 184–185
- Paraguay, 36, 41,
52, 73–74, 79
- Paris Peace Conference, July 29–Oct. 15, 1946, 515n
, 517, 520, 535, 558, 569, 615, 1023n
- Parker, G., 64
- Parsons, James Graham, 1097
- Parsons, William W., 864, 955
- Patel, Sardar Vallabhbhai, 136, 176
- Paton-Smith, E. A., 612n
- Patrick, Sir Paul J., 151n
, 185–188, 191, 193n
- Patterson, Robert P., 197, 263, 375, 621, 631, 869–870, 884–885, 892, 927–928, 932, 1012–1014
- Paul, Marcel, 688
- Peace treaties with Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary, Italy, and
Rumania, Feb. 10, signature and ratification of, 515–568
- Bulgarian treaty: Greek attitude toward frontier provisions of,
523; preparation of, 515n
;
ratification, 547n
, 549–550, 564,
567–568;
signature, 517, 520–521, 524–525
- Finnish treaty, 520, 524–525, 567–568
- Hungarian treaty: Hungarian comments on, 524; preparation of, 515n
; ratification of, 547n
, 549, 549n
, 550n
, 558,
567–568;
568n
;
signature, 517, 520–521
- Italian treaty, 887,
921, 980
- Entry into force, 518, 518n
, 519n
, 531–533, 546–547, 547n
, 567, 868, 882, 885, 892, 913, 931, 951, 966, 970, 980
- Greek observations on, 523
- Italian demonstrations against, 527–528
- Modification or revision of, Italian request for, 515–516, 527–531, 535, 557, 909, 916, 991
- Preparation of, 515n
, 835, 861
- Ratification of, 293–294, 296, 330, 516–563
passim, 596, 844, 872, 882, 884–885, 892, 905, 907, 909n
, 910, 916, 928, 933, 935, 938, 946, 957–958
- Signature, 516, 517, 519–525, 527, 532, 837, 844, 977
- Trieste, clauses regarding, 518, 533n
, 543n
, 548, 559
- Venezia Giulia, provisions regarding, 518, 533, 542, 548, 551, 559n
- Yugoslav attitude toward ratification, 516–518, 523, 533, 543, 544, 546, 548, 548n
, 551, 559, 564, 567, 837, 882, 931, 953
- Rumanian treaty: Preparation of, 515n
; ratification, 547n
, 549, 550n
, 552n
, 563–564, 567–568;
Rumanian observations on, 523–524; signature, 517, 520–521, 524–525
- Soviet Union, 519n
, 520–521, 534,
552, 553–554, 556–560, 562, 564–566, 596,
947
- Texts, citation to, 524n
- United States: Report to the President on the
treaties of peace with Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, and Rumania, 526, 526n
, 528;
Senate hearings, 528–529, 534–535, 537–538, 541–545, 545n
, 892,
910; Senate consent to ratification,
533n
, 534, 536,
545–546,
547, 885, 905, 916; deposit of ratification, 537, 546–568, passim
- Peire (Peyre), Tomás, 1056, 1101
- Pella, Giuseppe, 937n
,
945
- “Pentagon Talks of 1947”, 609
- Perassi, Tommaso, 562
- Percival, Anthony E., 70–73, 83, 86n
- Pereira, Teotonio. See
Theotonio Pereira, Pedro.
- Permanent Joint Board of Defense. See under
Canada.
- Peron, Juan, 934
- Perry, Carroll, 955
- Peru, 1099
- Petersen, Howard C., 868
- Peterson, Avery F., 3–4, 25, 268–284, 288–293
- Peterson, Sir Maurice Drummond, 256, 262–263, 556n
- Philip, André, 696, 738, 770
- Philippines, 201, 206–207, 817
- Phillips, William T., 240
- Pimper, James L., 860n
- Pius XII, Pope, 945
- Plan A, 715–716
- Playfair, Edward W., 79
- Pleven, René, 793
- Poland, 5, 270, 277, 327, 642, 1055; British
attitude toward, 277; coal production and
exports, 486, 489,
494, 504, 508–509, 839, 846; Communist
Party, 796n
; European
Recovery Program, 260–261, 311–314, 317, 319–322, 328; Germany, Polish attitude toward, 321; International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,
question of loan to Poland, 279–280, 387; Italian
colonies, disposition of, 587, 595, 595n
, 612n
, 618; Polish frontier, 692; sterling balances, question of
convertibility of, 36, 73–74, 79;
U.S. aid and relief, question of, 206, 930
- Porter, Paul R., 264, 489–492, 494, 496n
,
502, 505–506, 510
- Port Lyautey, U.S. base and facilities at, 825
- Portugal, 1019–1052; 11, 16, 496
- Attitude toward France and Soviet Union, 1026; toward proposed sanctions against Spain, 1078
- Colonies, 1028
- European Recovery Program, 314, 316, 438
- United Kingdom, relations with, 1025–1026, 1041
- U.S. relations with:
- Aid to Portugal, question of, 206
- Amendment to Air Transport Agreement, 1052
- Azores, agreement granting transit rights
through Lagens Airfield, Feb. 2,
1948, 1019–1052
- Negotiations regarding: British-American
consultations, 1021–1022,
1034; Portuguese
position, 1021, 1026–1031, 1033, 1035–1038, 1045–1051; U.S. position, 1020–1025, 1027, 1029–1031, 1033–1036, 1038–1045, 1050–1051, 1078
- Supplementary agreement (Kissner-Cintra agreement)
1946, 1038–1039
- Text of agreement, citation to, 1052
- Security of Portugal, proposals concerning, 1041–1043, 1045–1046
- President’s Council of Economic Advisers, 210,
244, 265
- Prieto, Don Indalecio, 1088–1089, 1091, 1096, 1098, 1100–1101
- Pumphrey, Lowell M., 79, 955
- Quaroni, Pietro, 552
- Radius, Walter A., 491–492
- Rajagopalachari, H. E., 177
- Ramadier, Paul, 253–254, 310, 312, 328–329, 425, 688n
, 700,
711, 714, 738, 748, 760–761, 763, 767–768, 770, 780, 789, 793, 795, 798, 804n
- Rasminsky, Louis, 118
- Rasmussen, Gustav, 657–683
passim, 1005
- Reagan, Daniel J., 377
- Reber, Samuel, 96–101, 544–546, 772n
,
1024–1025,
1027–1028,
1031, 1040,
1062, 1082,
1085, 1087
- Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC),
28, 76, 88–89, 816
- Red Cross, International Committee of, 625–638, passim
- Regeb, Ali, 581
- Reinhardt, George Frederick, 561
- Reinstein, Jacques J., 544–545, 845, 853–854
- Relief and rehabilitation: Countries falling under Communist control,
question of continuation of U.S. relief, 483;
Joint Resolution for relief of countries devastated by war, 226n
; occupied areas, 199, 201–202, 215–216; post-UNRRA relief, 199, 200–202, 204, 206, 483, 483n
, 538,
840, 843–844, 847, 874, 906, 909
- Reston, James, 242–243
- Revercomb, Chapman, 786
- Revers, Gen. Georges, 818
- Reynaud, Paul, 793
- Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 640, 642–643, 797
- Richards, John S., 64, 75
- Ripka, Hubert, 314
- Roberts, Frank Kenyon, 568, 818n
- Robertson, Gen. Sir Brian, 272, 312, 332
- Rocheta, Manuel, 1031–1032
- Ronald, Sir Nigel B., 1021n
, 1024, 1026, 1034
- Ronchi, Vittorio, 928, 945, 949–950
- Roosevelt, Franklin D., 105, 110, 128n
, 1082, 1086
- Rorke, James H., 864
- Rosenson, A. M., 88n
,
124
- Roston Walt W., 241
- Roucaute, Georges, 765
- Royall, Kenneth C., 684n
, 686
- Romania, 643, 1055; Communist Party, 796n
; European Recovery Program, non-participation in, 314, 317, 319; opposition elements, liquidation of, 560; peace treaty, see
under
Peace treaties; Soviet attitude toward, 593; Soviet cooperation, difficulty in obtaining,
602; sterling balances, convertibility of,
36, 73–74, 79; Truman’s
statement, June 14, 549–550; U.N. membership, U.S. views
on, 966
- Rusk, Dean, 236, 640n
, 643–645, 646n
- Russell, Donald S., 1041–1043, 1045
- Russell, Francis H., 640–644, 646–653
- Saadowi, Bechir, 581
- Saar, 505n
, 511, 720, 763
- Sacerdoti, Cesare, 853
-
SAFEHAVEN, 1053, 1082
- Saint Laurent, Louis S., 111
- Saint Lawrence Seaway Project, 110–111
- Saksin, Georgiy Filippovich, 590n
, 591, 606
- Salant, William A., 244
- Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira, 1025–1027, 1030, 1032–1036, 1038, 1041, 1043–1047, 1049–1052
- Salerno, Michael, 545n
- Saltzman, Charles E., 640n
, 643–646, 687
- San Francisco Conference, 1945, 1055
- Santa Lucia, 94
- Sanz-Briz, Angel, 1090–1091
- Saragat, Giuseppe, 323, 555n
, 878,
919n
, 988
- Sargent, Sir Orme, 288, 1068–1069, 1073, 1075, 1077–1078, 1080–1081, 1085
- Satterthwaite, Joseph C., 643–645
- Saudi Arabia, 37
- Savage, Carlton, 236–237
- Sayid Idris as Amir, 580, 599
- Sayre, Francis B., 1062
- Schaetzel, J. Robert 240n
- Schaffner, Philip P., 64
- Schmidt, Orvis A., 6, 34, 36–37,
64, 859, 864, 955
- Schoenfeld, Rudolph E., 540
- Schulgen, W. A., 594
- Schuman, Robert, 690, 739–742, 756–757, 784, 793, 798–799, 803n
, 804n
, 814n
, 815, 820, 823
- Schumann, Maurice, 722
- Scoccimarro, Mauro, 900n
, 938
- Scott, Ian, 142–143
- Scott-Pox, R. D. J., 595–596, 606
- Scully, V. W., 118
- Segni, Antonio, 950, 963
- Semenov, A., 829–830
- Sen, Binay Ranjan, 147
- Sereni, Emilio, 882
- Serreulles, M., 463
- Sforza, Count Carlo, 254, 515n
, 522n
, 549n
, 552–553, 554n
, 558n
, 581, 870, 880, 915–916, 930, 933, 945, 948, 964, 999n
- Shepley, Lt. Col. Philip, 463
- Sheppard, Sherman S., 199–200
- Sherman, Vice Adm. Forrest P., 106n
, 107n
, 108n
,
669–670, 1015n
- Shinwell, Emanuel, 487, 498
- Shipping problems, 214
- Shone, Sir Terence Allen, 158, 177–178, 190, 192
- Siam, 36, 73–74, 79
- Silesia, 692
- Singh, Sir Hari, 179n
, 179–180
- Singh, Sardar Baldev, 146n
- Smith, Fred B., 64
- Smith, Walter Bedell, 266, 294–295, 327, 519n
, 520–521, 552n
,
558–562, 564–568, 735–736, 1008–1009, 1015–1016
- Smith, Vice Adm. William W., 842
- Snyder, John W., 3, 6,
8–9, 15, 27–28, 32–33, 38–41, 55–56, 60–63, 67, 68n
, 69n
, 73–74, 78–80, 81–82, 87–91, 93–94, 296, 375, 756–757, 842–843, 852, 857n
,
859, 864, 908, 911, 955, 982–983
- Solid Fuels Administration, 499
- Sontag, Raymond J., 640n
, 641, 646
- Southard, Frank A., Jr., 75, 124, 440, 463, 756, 955
- South East Asia, 21
- Southern Rhodesia, 53, 57
- South Schleswig, Danish claim to, 661–662, 672, 675
- Southworth, Constant, 129n
- Soviet Union, 61, 90–91, 122, 270, 642, 1082
- European Recovery Program. See under
European Recovery Program.
- Extension of power, Soviet doctrine and policy regarding, 240, 692,
700–701,
751, 811, 813–814, 904–905, 970
- France (see also under
France: Political
Situation: French Communist
Party): Policy toward, 904–905; wheat shipments to,
see under
France: Soviet
Union.
- German prisoners of war, repatriation of, 622
- German technicians, deportation of, 633
- Greece, Soviet policy toward, 560
- India, Soviet policy toward, 171
- Italian colonies, disposition of. See under
Italian colonies.
- Italy (see also under
Italy: Political
Situation: Italian Communist
Party), Soviet wheat shipments to, 973, 989
- Peace treaties. See under
Peace treaties.
- Satellites in Eastern Europe, Soviet policy toward, 235–236, 268, 270
- Sterling balances, question of convertibility of, 36, 41, 73–74, 79
- Turkey, Soviet pressure on, 560, 904
- U.S. credits for, question of, 290–291
- U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, attitude toward Soviet Union, 593
- Spaak, Paul-Henri, 341–342, 355, 1077
- Spaatz, Lt. Gen. Carl, 867–868
- Spain, 1053–1101; 16, 300,
307–308, 312, 651
-
Alianza Nacional de Fuerzas Democraticas
(ANFD), 1056, 1058
- Church, 1097, 1100
- Civil War (1936–1939), 1055–1056,
1076, 1082, 1086, 1097
- Communists, 1064, 1071, 1076,
1086, 1093–1094
-
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), 1058, 1064
- Cortes, 1065, 1071, 1084
- Economic situation, 1066, 1071, 1075,
1079, 1093, 1095, 1098, 1101
- European Recovery Program, 1097
- Falange, 1060–1061, 1071, 1084
- Franco Regime:
- Anglo-American consultations regarding, 1066–1075, 1078–1082, 1084–1085, 1087–1088, 1093
- French position regarding, 1070, 1074, 1079, 1081
- Joint Anglo-American-French statement on relations with
the Franco Government, Mar. 4, 1946,
1056, 1059, 1069
- Portuguese attitude toward, 1078
- Soviet attitude toward, 1062,
1066, 1069, 1073–1075, 1078, 1085
- United Kingdom, 1054, 1062–1063, 1066, 1075, 1085, 1087, 1093, 1098
- United Nations:
- General Assembly resolutions on Spain, 1053–1057, 1069, 1075, 1092, 1095, 1099; Spanish reaction to,
1055–1056
- Sanctions against Spain, proposals regarding, 1070–1075, 1077–1081; Anglo-American
efforts to prevent further U.N. intervention, 1085, 1087–1088, 1095
- U.S. relations with, 1054–1055, 1057–1058, 1062–1063, 1065n
, 1066–1067, 1078–1080, 1083, 1091–1095, 1098–1099;
normalization of relations, decision regarding, 1092, 1094–1097
- French Morocco, 1088
- Generals and Army, position of, 1069–1072, 1075, 1077,
1079–1080, 1084, 1093, 1097
- Monarchists, 1054, 1056–1058,
1063–1065, 1070, 1076–1077,
1086, 1093, 1098
- Monarchy, 1063–1065, 1068, 1070, 1077,
1096, 1098, 1100
- Opposition groups, reports on activities of, 1056–1060,
1066, 1079–1080, 1093, 1100
- Referendum on law of succession, 1083–1084
- Regency Council, 1065, 1071
- Republic, 1063–1064, 1096
- Republican government-in-exile, 1054n
, 1070n
- Republicans, 1056–1058, 1063–1064, 1093
- Socialists, 1058, 1093
- Soviet Union, Spanish attitude toward, 1054, 1076
- Succession law, 1065–1066, 1070–1072, 1076, 1084;
referendum, 1083–1084
-
Unión General del Trabajadores (UGT), 1058, 1064
- United Kingdom: 1053; Bevin
conservation with Spanish refugees, Spanish protest against, 1088–1089,
1091; Gibraltar, Spanish claim to,
1058; World War II exchanges, 1082–1083,
1086, 1088–1089
- United Nations (see also under
Franco Regime, supra): Question of admission, 1059–1060, 1067; Spanish attitude toward, 1056
- U.S. relations (see also under
Franco Regime, supra), 1053, 1057–1061,
1082, 1089–1090, 1092
- Spano, Velio, 883
- Sparks, Joseph S., 137–138, 140, 175–179
- Spiegel, Harold, 118, 382, 853, 912n
- Spitsbergen and Bear Island. See under
Norway.
- Stafford, Brig, F. E., 573, 590–592, 595–596, 598, 606, 610n
- Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovich, 319–320, 671, 679, 682, 691–692, 729, 805
- State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee (SWNCC) (see also under
European Recovery Program: United States), 583, 592–594, 867–868, 926, 942
- Steinhardt, Laurence, 313–314, 318–320
- Stenger, J. J., 64, 864, 951, 955, 998n
- Sterling, Alfred, 577n
- Stevens, Francis B., 531
- Stibravy, William J., 853
- Stillwell, James A., 701, 841, 845, 847, 854, 865, 929
- Stinebower, Leroy D., 489–491, 598
- Stone, Rear Adm. Ellery Wheeler, 516, 877
- Stone, Thomas A., 105–107, 119
- Strategic materials, stockpiling program for, 283–284, 287, 459–460, 484
- Sturzo, Don Luigi, 556
- Sullivan, John L., 686
- Sullivan, William John, 543n
- Sulzberger, C. L., 516
- Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean (SACMED), 539, 543, 548n
,
565, 872, 879, 881, 887n
, 910, 917n
, 954, 990
- Supreme Commander, Allied Powers, Japan (SCAP), 38
- Surplus property, disposition of (see also under
Italy: U.S. relations
with), 201, 203
- Surplus Property Act, 942
- Surrey, Walter S., 74, 81n
- Sweden, 11, 16, 23, 36, 126, 212, 496, 504, 675, 1011;
argeements with United States, 1102; European
Recovery Program, 311, 315–316, 337, 395, 438
- Swihart, James W., 369
- Switzerland, 11, 16,
36–40, 52, 312–313, 315–316, 337, 381, 412, 438, 496, 877, 906, 914
- Symington, W. Stuart, 686, 867
- Syria, 994
- Sysons, Mr., 159
- Szymczak, M. S., 463, 955
- Taber, John, 484
- Taff, A. Erich, 925, 935–937, 939–942, 983–984, 986
- Tan, Robert A., 94
- Taliani, Marchese, 945
- Tamagna, Frank M., 64, 75
- Tanganyika, 4n
, 42
- Tangier, 37, 592,
909, 1057
- Tanguy-Prigent, Pierre, 702, 704–706, 725, 738, 770
- Tarassenko, Vassili A., 531–533
- Tarchiani, Alberto, 254, 337n
, 518–574
passim, 836–994
passim
- Tasca, Henry, 895, 898, 912–913, 915, 932
- Tatarescu, Gheorghe, 563
- Taylor, Wayne C., 1034
- Tedder, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur, 818
- Teitgen, Pierre-Henri, 699, 770, 793
- Terracini, Umberto, 530n
- Terrill, Robert P., 367, 382
- Theotónio Pereira, Pedro, 1025–1046
passim
- Thibodeaux, Ben H., 702
- Thompson, Dorothy, 541
- Thompson, Llewellyn E., 260, 643, 646
- Thompson-McCausland, L. P., 2–3, 64
- Thorez, Maurice, 688n
,
691, 700, 703n
, 751, 795–797, 805, 808, 810, 813–814
- Thorp, Willard, 38–39, 53, 55,
124, 202, 235, 243, 256n
, 267, 405, 463, 465–466, 489n
, 544, 843–845, 853–854, 857–858, 914, 942
- Thors, Olafur, 829–830
- Thors, Thor, 832
- Thurston, Ray L., 175n
,
176–179
- Tibbets, Col. Gene H., 1027, 1034, 1037
- Tildy, Zoltan, 540, 558
- Tirana, Rifat, 917
- Tito, Marshal (Josip Broz), 970
- Tobey, Charles W., 93
- Togliatti, Palmiro, 556, 877–878, 882, 893, 935, 946–947, 967, 970, 988
- Togni, Giuseppe, 937n
,
945
- Togoland, 42
- Tomlinson, William M., 756, 775, 785
- Towers, Graham, 116–117, 119–120
- Trade Agreements Act, 129
- Trading with the Enemy Act, 800
- Transjordan, 592
- Treasury Department, 198, 231, 371–372, 440, 470, 477n
, 837, 842, 844, 921, 942, 997
- Treaties, conventions and agreements (see
also under individual countries):
- Anglo-Argentine Agreement (1946), 3, 11–12
- Anglo-Egyptian Treaty (1936), 593
- Anglo-French Agreement regarding Tangier regime (1945), 909n
- Belgium-France, payments agreement, 781, 784, 786
- Bretton Woods Agreements, 5–6, 293
- Convention of St. Germain-en-Laye (1919),
42
- European Coal Organization, agreement for establishment, and
protocol (1946), 485n
- French-Soviet commercial accord (1945),
773
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Oct. 30, 54, 60, 100–101, 126–127, 131–134, 656, 825,
1002
- Geneva Convention (1929), 621–622, 628
- Hyde Park Agreement (Roosevelt-King) (1941), 110
- Land-Leathers Agreement (1944), 101
- Peace treaties Feb. 10, with Bulgaria,
Finland, Hungary, Rumania, 524n
; with Italy, 43, 524n
, 569, 573, 575,
583, 585–588, 593, 600,
602–603,
606–608,
610n
- Potsdam Agreement (1945), 273, 692,
840
- Soviet-German treaty of non-aggression (1939), 640, 645, 691n
, 797;
secret protocol, 646
- Spitsbergen treaty (1920), 1003–1005,
1006–1017
- Three Power Pact between Germany, Italy and Japan, 643
- Trade agreements between U.S. and Belgium (1935), 656; Canada (1938), 126–127, 130–135; France (1936), 825; Italy (1938), 838;
Netherlands (1935), 1002; Sweden (1935), 1102
- Trusteeship agreements for Cameroons, Togoland and Tanganyika (1946), 42
- United Nations Monetary Fund Agreement (1944), 5–6, 293
- Trevelyan, Humphrey, 159
- Trieste, Free Territory of, 277, 518, 533n
, 543n
, 548, 559, 862, 885, 892, 930, 953, 977, 980
- Trimble, William G., 829–834
- Trinidad, 94
- Tripartite Commission (Anglo-American-French) for the restitution of
monetary gold (1946), 757n
- Tripolitania. See under
Italian colonies: Libya.
- Troutman, Harry L., 377–379
- Truman, Harry S.: Aid to Greece and Turkey, 197–198, 216–217, 224, 243, 1074; Bulgaria, 549–550, 550
n; Canada, 108–109, 110n
, 112–113, 113n
,
125; coal shortages in Europe, 486–487, 487n
, 490n
, 492–493, 495–496, 501–502; China, 202; conversations with: Asaf Ali, 147, 147n
, Mackenzie King, 108–110, 110n
, De Gasperi, 850,
Tarchiani, 904, 907–908, 911; European Recovery Program, 232–233, 264–266, 308n
, 331n
, 356, 363, 375, 389, 390n
, 410, 410n
, 438–439, 443, 456–457, 459, 464, 470–471, 472n
, 477–478, 483–484, 762, 819; export controls, continuation of, 214, 500n
;
foreign affairs, responsibility for conduct of, 531; France, 702, 706, 714, 721–722, 758–760, 762, 763n
, 775, 785, 800; German
prisoners of war, repatriation of, 621, 631; Greenland, 674–675; Hungary, 549–550, 550n
; India, 164, 169, 171–172; Italy, 546, 548–549, 549n
, 557, 785, 850–851, 861, 891, 893, 904, 907–908, 911, 935, 996; Maritime
Commission 491–493;
message [Page 1129] to Congress, Jan. 6, 841; “Nazi-Soviet
Relations”, publication of, 646n
; Pakistan, 164, 172; peace treaties, 542–543, 548–549, 549n
, 550n
, 552–553, 557, 567n
, 568n
; relief assistance to
war devastated people, 226n
, 874n
;
Rumania, 549–550,
550n
; Soviet Union,
attitude toward, 110; Spain, 1082; Spitsbergen and Bear Island question, 1013; United Kingdom, financial crisis in, 48; wheat transport, priorities for, 946
- Truman Doctrine (see also U.S. economic and
military assistance under
Greece
and
Turkey), 225, 229–230, 242–243, 294–295, 541, 544, 674–675, 711
- Tubby, Roger, 463
- Tuck, S. Pinckney, 576–577
- Turkey, 36, 73–74, 79,
651, 846, 946, 970, 991, 994; European
Recovery Program, 308, 314, 316, 331, 364, 438; Soviet policy toward, 560, 904; U.S. economic and military aid to, 109, 197–199, 201, 203–204, 206–207, 216–217, 220, 220n
, 229, 240, 351, 536, 711, 880, 928; U.S. policy
toward, 603, 979
- Uganda, 4n
- Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, 612n
, 618
- Union of South Africa, 57, 89, 177, 232, 570, 587, 595n
,
612n
, 616, 618; Agreements
with United States, 195
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See
Soviet Union.
- United Kingdom, 1–101; 746, 781, 846, 906, 937, 1006
- Agreements with the United States, 99–101
- Anglo-American-Canadian agreement on the financial settlement of
the combined civilian supply program (Plan A), 715–716
- Anglo-American-Canadian association, suggestion regarding
possible, 405
- Anglo-American strategic interests in the Middle East and Eastern
Mediterranean, 593–594, 603–604, 609
- Anglo-Egypt Sudan, 590, 601, 605
- Argentina: Sale of railroads to, 25,
29; trade agreement with, 856
- Balance of payments, 27–29, 31, 49, 90, 92, 230, 399
- Bank of England, 25, 60, 62, 66, 68
- Board of Trade, 87–88
- Bulk purchase arrangements, 58–59
- Canadian credit, 11, 15, 18–19, 23, 28–29
- Coal production, 385, 426
- Coal shortages and fuel crisis. See under
Coal shortages.
- Communist Party conferences, Feb. 22–Mar.
3, 690n
- Devaluation of currency, question of, 117
- Dollar shortage, 2, 13–15, 17–25, 27–29, 31–32, 43, 46–49, 60, 65, 67, 84, 90, 92, 268, 275, 278,
280, 324, 361–362, 390
- Economic situation, 220n
, 375
- European Recovery Program. See under
European Recovery Program.
- France: Anglo-French military conversations, proposed, 818–819;
treaty of alliance and mutual assistance, Mar.
4, 713
- Germany, nationalization of Ruhr coal mines, 746
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, question of
loan, 44, 46
- International Monetary Fund: Drawings from, 46, 76, 90, 346; quota, inclusion of
colonies in, 26, 35, 53–54, 71, 83, 280; subscription to,
18
- Italian colonies, disposition of. See under
Italian colonies.
- Italy: Trade and payments agreement, proposed, 856; withdrawal of British troops from,
869
- Peace treaties. See under
Peace treaties.
- Poland, attitude toward, 277
- Purchases of foodstuffs from hard currency areas, reduction of,
50–52
- Soviet Union, attitude toward, 270–271
- Sterling balances, question of extension of date of
convertibility, 36–41, 73–74, 78–79, 92
- Sterling convertibility: Questions regarding, 1–4, 6–17, 25, 36, 43, 48, 55–57, 65, 69, 76–77, 91, 271–272, 292–293, 346;
suspension of, 61–63, 66–68, 73, 78–79, 91–92, 957–959, 971–972, 974–975
- Transferable Accounts System, 36, 38, 40, 73, 78–79
- U.S. relations with:
- Agreements, 99–101
- Anglo-Argentine agreement (1946),
U.S. concern regarding, 3
- Bases agreement (1941), 94–99;
destroyer bases arrangements (1940),
1005
- Export-Import Bank, question of loan, 88–89
- Financial (loan) agreement, negotiations regarding
implementation of, 1–9, 12–13, 16–17,
26, 30, 32, 34–41,
45–46, 48–71, 73–80, 81–82,
85, 87–88, 90–93,
201, 269, 272, 280, 293, 346, 848, 856
- Foreign exchange position, 1–94
passim
- Germany, agreement on economic fusion of zones (1946), 277n
, 631–632, 634
- Land-Leathers agreement (1944),
101
- Non-discrimination regarding U.S. trade, 51, 55–59, 65–66,
69, 76, 81, 87–88,
91, 271–272, 280, 282, 346; in British
colonies and trust territories, 4–6, 26, 32,
34–35, 41–43, 53–54, 70–73,
76, 80n
, 83–86,
280; in Palestine, 4n
, 42, 72,
83
- Palestine, mandate agreement of 1924, 42
- “Pentagon talks of 1947”, 609
- Reconstruction Finance loans, 28, 76, 88–89
- Steel supplies, U.S., British need for, 280–281
- Treaty rights of Americans in British mandated areas, 4–6, 26, 35
- U.S. credits, draw-down of, 7,
11, 13–14, 17–22,
27, 29, 46, 48, 60,
63, 67, 81–82, 89–94, 269, 271, 337, 361
- U.S. economic aid, question of, 206, 336–337
- Yugoslavia, British attitude toward, 277
- United Nations, 90, 102, 105, 127, 136, 150, 208, 217, 227, 236, 255, 259, 264, 279, 307, 310, 346, 515, 651, 676, 907, 916, 970, 979–981, 1007, 1012, 1016, 1022, 1041, 1060
- Charter: 102, 105, 139, 185, 187,
189, 209, 216–217, 530, 604, 618,
657n
, 664, 668,
678, 681, 966, 1005, 1072–1073, 1075,
1079, 1095; Art. 33, 185, 187; Art. 35, 190; Art. 43, 1003,
1005; Art.
51, 970, 1042.
- Conference on Trade and Employment, second session of the
Preparatory Committee of the, 43n
, 59–60, 76n
, 109, 123, 230n
, 309n
, 375n
, 853
- Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), 241–242, 500;
ECOSOC field survey of
Ethiopia and former Italian colonies, proposed, 597–598, 853
- European Recovery Program, U.N. role in. See
under
European Recovery Program.
- General Assembly, 44, 140, 600,
603–604,
644n
, 646n
, 672–673, 678, 958–959, 1009,
1042, 1093; anti-warmongering resolution, 647; disarmament resolution, 1007; Palestine question, 202–203, 578, 582;
Spanish question, 1053, 1055, 1069,
1075, 1077–1080, 1085, 1095–1096, 1099.
- Membership, question of new states for, 536, 957–958, 966
- Secretary General, 105, 597, 598
- Security Council, 677, 1003, 1007;
Anglo-Egyptian dispute, 578; Kashmir
dispute, 181–193; Spanish question, 1075,
1095; Trieste, 977
- Special technical committee, 874
- Trusteeship. See under
Italian colonies: United Nations.
- Trusteeship Council, 86
- U.N. Education and Scientific Organization (UNESCO), 691
- U.N. Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), 199, 232, 244, 272, 326, 387, 483, 626, 840–841, 844, 850, 883, 931, 960–961
- Uruguay, 11, 16,
36, 52
- U.S. Congress, 109, 1055; aid to Greece and Turkey, 198; British loan, 26,
31–32, 35, 50, 55, 59, 77, 81–82, 87, 89, 120, 280, 293, 346, 361; Canadian
loan, 125; European Recovery Program, see under
European Recovery Program; interim emergency aid
for France and Italy, 456, 459–460, 469, 471, 480–484, 737n
, 739–744, 781, 783, 785, 788, 801–802, 808–809, 814–817, 819, 821–823, 983, 996; Italian
assets, return of, 909, 921–922, 922n
, 965;
Maritime Commission authority to operate Government owned ships, 492–493, 499; military assistance, 989–990; peace treaties, see under
Peace treaties: United
States; relief programs, 840, 843, 847, 879, 930; Senate
Appropriations Committee, 786–790; Smith-Mundt Committee, 989; Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee, 786–790; Subcommittee
for France and the BENELUX countries,
Select Committee on Foreign Aid, 739n
; Tariffs, 129
- Utter, John E., 524–525, 575, 577–583, 585n
, 590, 591–592, 594, 599, 606, 610n
- Vandenberg, Senator Arthur H., 109, 111, 233, 331n
, 526, 528–530, 531n
, 534, 535, 538, 541–545, 547n
, 814, 921
- Varga, Eugene, 730
- Vatican, 877, 1093–1094, 1097–1098, 1100
- Venezia Giulia, 518, 533, 542, 548, 551, 559n
, 881,
885, 952–953
- Venezuela, 95, 817
- Verdelis, Alexandre, 463
- Vestbirk, Jens A., 437
- Vincent, John Carter, 236
- Vogliolo, Vincenzo, 845, 853–854
- Vorys, John, 482, 807
- Vyshinsky, Andrey Yanauryevich, 520–521, 561, 564–565
- Wagner, Joseph J., 1044
- Wailes, Edward Thompson, 17n
- Waley, Sir David, 2, 338
- Wallner, Woodruff, 758–759, 766
- Walmsley, Walter N., Jr., 949
- Wapler, Arnauld, 646–648
- War Assets Adininistration (WAA), 174, 944
- War Department, 206–207, 354–355, 409–410, 440, 630, 637, 659, 756, 830n
, 831,
837, 860–861, 863, 866, 869, 875, 880, 882, 884n
, 884–885, 887, 892, 903, 910, 927–929, 932, 952, 953n
,
954, 976, 982n
, 990, 1014, 1019–1020, 1032–1035, 1038
- Warbey, William N., 289
- Warner, Christopher F. A., 713, 1084–1085
- Warren, Col. John W., 1027, 1033–1034, 1039, 1046–1047, 1050–1052
- Wavell, Field Marshal Viscount, 141–143
- Webb, James E., 199, 202–204
- Weil, Thomas E., 154
- Weintal, Edward, 750, 754, 761
- Wellons, Alfred E., 606
- Wheeler, Dan, 463
- White, Harry D., 864
- White, Ivan B., 366, 377, 442, 808–809
- Wiggins, Archibald L. M., 756
- Wilcox, Clair, 53, 80, 129, 239
- Wilcox, Francis O., 526
- Wiley, Alexander, 110
- Wiley, John C., 1020, 1024–1031, 1033–1034, 1036–1038, 1043–1052
- Williams, A. J., 860n
- Willis, Frances E., 636n
- Willis, George H., 64, 955
- Willoughby, Woodbury, 129–130
- Winiewicz, Jozef, 260–261
- Wolcott, Jesse P., 93–94
- Wolverton, Charles A., 739–740, 742
- Women’s International Democratic Federation, 690–691
- Wood, C. Tyler, 50, 124–125, 129–131, 202–204, 243, 350, 355, 844–845
- Wood, Sir John Henry, 274–276, 283–284, 288
- Woodward, Stanley, 108–109, 147
- Wooldridge, Rear Adm. E. T., 198n
- World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU),
690–691, 803
- World Trade and Employment, U.S. proposals for, 54
- World Youth Federation, 690
- Wright, Corey, 491
- Wright, Michael, 599
- Wrong, Hume, 118, 124–126, 130, 1015n
- Xanthaky, Theodore Anthony, 1037
- Yingling, Raymund T., 563n
- Young, John P., 864
- Yugoslavia, 36, 73–74, 79,
612n
, 618, 858, 881, 904, 953, 1082; British
attitude toward, 277; Communist Party, 796n
; European Recovery
Program, non-participation in, 258, 317, 319; Italy,
relations with, 907, 966–967, 970, 977, 970–981; peace treaties, see under
Peace treaties: Italy;
Soviet Union, relations with, 270
- Zanzibar, 4n
- Zarubin, Georgy Nikolayevich, 590–591, 606, 615–620
- Zhdanov, Andrey Alexandrovich, 795–796