Introductory note
AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY: SELECTED PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
Beginning with the year 1950, American Foreign Policy, a companion series to Foreign Relations of the United States, provides systematic coverage of the principal messages, addresses, statements, and reports made in a given period that indicate the scope, goals, and implementation of the foreign policy of the United States. For the immediately preceding years, 1945–1949 inclusive, the present series, Foreign Relations, will provide under this heading a brief indication of certain major documents in these categories. The present listing covers the years 1946 and 1947. It does not purport to be complete, of course, and as a rule items dealing primarily with United States relations with particular countries will be noted in the compilations for those countries. Many of the items cited below are also referred to in appropriate compilations in the various volumes for the years 1946 and 1947, which are organized as follows:
[Page VIII]I. Major Public Statements of American Foreign Policy in 1946 and 1947
1946
Statement by the President (Truman) on Demobilization. January 8, 1946. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, 1946 (Washington, Government Printing Office, 1962) (hereinafter cited as Public Papers: Truman, 1946), pp. 15–16.
Message of the President to the Congress on the State of the Union and on the Budget for 1947. January 21, 1946. (Released January 21, 1946. Dated January 14, 1946.) Ibid., pp. 36–87.
Directive of the President Concerning the Shipment of Wheat and Coal to Liberated Countries. January 25, 1946. Ibid., p. 96.
Special Message of the President to the Congress Transmitting Financial Agreement with the United Kingdom. January 30, 1946. Ibid., pp. 97–100.
Statement by the President Announcing Emergency Measures To Relieve the World Food Shortage. February 6, 1946. Ibid., pp. 106–108.
“… we have pinned our hopes to the banner of the United Nations”: Address by the Secretary of State (Byrnes) delivered to the Overseas Press Club in New York and broadcast by radio. February 28, 1946. Department of State Bulletin (hereinafter cited as Bulletin), March 10, 1946, pp. 355–358.
Special Message of the President to the Congress Transmitting a Statement on Foreign Loan Policy. March 1, 1946. Public Papers: Truman, 1946, pp. 137–138.
Address of the President in Chicago on Army Day. April 6, 1946. Ibid., pp. 185–190.
Directive of the Secretary of State (Byrnes) on Organization and Procedure for the Development and Promulgation of United States Policy With Respect to Occupied Areas. Effective date, April 8, 1946. Released to the press on April 17, 1946. Bulletin, April 28, 1946, pp. 734–735.
Address of the President Before the Governing Board of the Pan American Union. April 15, 1946. Ibid., pp. 200–202.
Special Message of the President to the Congress Transmitting Bill for Inter-American Military Cooperation. May 6, 1946. Ibid., pp. 233–245.
Radio Address by the Secretary of State (Byrnes) on the Paris Conference of Foreign Ministers. May 20, 1946. Bulletin, June 2, 1946, pp. 950–954.
Military Assistance to China: Letter from the Secretary of State (Byrnes) to the Speaker of the House of Representatives (Rayburn). June 12, 1946. Ibid., July 21, 1946, pp. 125–126.
Military Assistance to China: Statement by the Acting Secretary of State (Acheson) before the Foreign Affairs Committee, House of Representatives. June 19, 1946. Ibid., June 30, 1946, pp. 1115–1117.
Statement by the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (Benton) on the approval by the President of an act of Congress, introduced by Senator Fulbright of Arkansas, which authorized the Department of State to use some of the proceeds from surplus-property sales abroad for exchanges of students and other educational activities (Public Law 584, 79th Cong., 2d sess.) August 1, 1946. Ibid., August 11, 1946, pp. 262–263.
White House Statement on Palestine and on the Problem of Displaced Persons in General. August 16, 1946. Public Papers: Truman, 1946, p. 421.
Restatement of United States Policy on Germany: Address by the Secretary of State (Byrnes) at Stuttgart, Germany. September 6, 1946. Bulletin, September 15, 1946, pp. 496–501.
[Page IX]Statement by the President on Foreign Policy. September 20, 1946. (The statement was made in connection with the resignation of Henry A. Wallace as Secretary of Commerce.) Public Papers: Truman, 1946, p. 431.
“U.S. Aims and Policies in Europe”: Address delivered by the Secretary of State (Byrnes) at the American Club in Paris. October 3, 1946. Bulletin, October 13, 1946, pp. 665–668.
Situation between Kuomintang Government and Communist Party: Joint Statement by the President’s Special Envoy to China (Marshall) and the Ambassador to China (Stuart). Made in Nanking and released there to the press on October 8, 1946; released to the press in the United States on October 10. Ibid., October 20, 1946, pp. 723–724.
Address by the President in New York City at the Opening Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly. October 23, 1946. Public Papers: Truman, 1946, pp. 457–463.
Statement by the President on a Bipartisan Foreign Policy. November 11, 1946. Ibid., pp. 477–479.
United States Policy Toward China: Statement by the President, released to the press by the White House on December 18, 1946. Ibid., pp. 499–505.
The President’s News Conference on the Termination of Hostilities of World War II. December 31, 1946. Ibid., pp. 512–514.
1947
Annual Message of the President to the Congress on the State of the Union. January 6, 1947. (As delivered in person before a joint session.) Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, 1947 (Washington, Government Printing Office, 1963) pp. 1–12.
The Situation in China. Statement of General of the Army George C. Marshall. (Released January 7, 1947.) Bulletin, January 19, 1947, pp. 83–85.
Special Message to the Congress: The President’s First Economic Report. January 8, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 13–39.
Annual Budget Message of the President to the Congress: Fiscal Year 1948. January 10, 1947. (Released January 10, 1947. Dated January 3, 1947.) Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 55–97.
“We Must Demonstrate Our Capacity in Peace”: Address by the Secretary of State (Byrnes) delivered before the Cleveland Council on World Affairs in Cleveland, Ohio, on January 11, 1947. Bulletin, January 19, 1947, pp. 87–90, 104.
Participation of the United States in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and in the International Monetary Fund. Report, to October 31, 1946, by the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems, transmitted by the President to the Congress on January 13, 1947. Excerpts in Bulletin, January 26, 1947, pp. 152–154.
Letter From the President to the Secretary of War (Patterson) and the Secretary of the Navy (Forrestal) Concerning Unification of the Armed Services. January 16, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 99–100.
Trade Agreements Negotiations: Exchange of Letters Between Senator Hugh Butler, of Nebraska, and the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton). (Letters dated December 19, 1946, and January 16, 1947, released January 17, 1947.) Bulletin, January 26, 1947, pp. 161–163.
Defense of “Pipeline” Contracts for Sale of Lend-Lease Supplies: Letter from Under Secretary Clayton to Senator Styles Bridges, of New Hampshire, [Page X] Chairman of the Subcommittee on Deficiency Appropriations of the Senate Committee on Appropriations. January 17, 1947. (Concerns specified industrial goods that were on order on V–J Day, September 2, 1945, when the lend-lease supply program was terminated.) Bulletin, February 23, 1947, pp. 343–344. (See also a letter from Chester T. Lane, the Lend-Lease Administrator, to Senator Bridges, February 13, 1947, Ibid., pp. 344–346, 360.)
National Defense and National Reputation. Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (Benton) delivered before the Women’s Patriotic Conference on National Defense in Washington, January 25, 1947. Ibid., February 2, 1947, pp. 202–207.
Report to Congress on Foreign Surplus Disposal. Letter of transmittal from the Secretary of State (Marshall) to the President pro tempore of the Senate (Vandenberg) and the Speaker of the House of Representatives (Martin). January 30, 1947. Ibid., February 9, 1947, p. 255.
Special Message of the President to the Congress on Extension of the Second War Powers Act. January 31, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 107–113.
Cooperation with Congress on Bipartisan Foreign Policy. Letter from the Secretary of State (Marshall) to Representative Charles A. Eaton, of New Jersey, Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. February 3, 1947.—Resolution on Powers, Duties, and Scope of the Foreign Affairs Committee. February 5, 1947. Bulletin, February 16, 1947, pp. 283–284.
Message of the President to the Congress Transmitting His First Annual Report on United States Participation in the United Nations. February 5, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 118–122.
Sale and Transfer of Non-Demilitarized Combat Matériel. Letter of transmittal from the Secretary of State (Marshall) to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. February 11, 1947. Bulletin, February 23, 1947, pp. 322–327.
Freedom of Information: The Role of the State Department. Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (Benton), delivered before the Inland Daily Press Association in Chicago, Illinois, on February 11, 1947. Ibid., February 23, 1947, pp. 352–357, 367.
Statement by the President Urging Extension of Authority To Ship Emergency Supplies to Europe. February 13, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, p. 128.
Special Message of the President to the Congress Requesting Appropriations for Aid to Liberated Countries. February 21, 1947. Ibid., pp. 149–150.
World Order and Security—Youth’s Responsibilities. Washington’s birthday anniversary remarks delivered by the Secretary of State (Marshall) at Princetion University on February 22, 1947. Bulletin, March 2, 1947, pp. 390–391.
Special Message of the President to the Congress on United States Participation in the International Refugee Organization. February 24, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 150–151.
Post-UNRRA Relief: Purpose and Method. Statement made by the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton) before the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives on February 25, 1947. Bulletin, March 9, 1947, pp. 440–442.
International Broadcasting Foundation of the United States: Proposal by the Department of State. Memorandum from the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (Benton) to the Secretary of State (Marshall), March 1, 1947, Ibid., April 6, 1947, pp. 618–623.
The Good Neighbor Policy—An Application of Democracy to International Affairs. Address in Mexico City by the President of the United States. March 3, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 164–166.
[Page XI]International Understanding: An Undeveloped Human Resource. Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (Benton), delivered before the American Association of School Administrators, in Atlantic City, New Jersey, on March 3, 1947. Bulletin, March 16, 1947, pp. 500–503.
Address by the President on Foreign Economic Policy, delivered at Baylor University. March 6, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 167–172.
Special Message of the President to the Congress on Greece and Turkey: The Truman Doctrine. March 12, 1947. (As delivered in person before a joint session.) Ibid., pp. 176–180.
Special Message of the President to the Congress on Export Controls. March 19, 1947. Ibid., pp. 181–182.
The American Position on International News and International Libel. Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (Benton), delivered before the Foreign Press Association at New York City, March 19, 1947. Bulletin, March 30, 1947, pp. 591–595.
Congressional Hearings on a Draft Charter for an International Trade Organization. Statement by the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton) made before the Senate Finance Committee on March 20, 1947. Ibid., March 30, 1947, pp. 587–590, 595.
Special Message of the President to the Congress on United States Participation in the World Health Organization. March 21, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, p. 182.
Proposed International Interchange and Information Act. Letter of transmittal from the Acting Secretary of State (Acheson) to the President pro tempore of the Senate (Vandenberg) and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives (Martin), accompanying a proposed cultural-exchange act, March 21, 1947. Bulletin, April 6, 1947, pp. 624–626.
Congressional Hearings on Trade Agreements Act. Statement by the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton) before the House Committee on Ways and Means, March 26, 1947. Ibid., April 6, 1947, pp. 627–631.
The Inter-American System: A Solid Foundation for the Challenge of the Future. Excerpts from an address by the Director (Briggs) of the Office of American Republics Affairs, Department of State, delivered before the Pan American League in Miami, Florida, on April 14, 1947. Ibid., April 27, 1947, pp. 769–770.
Special Message of the President to the Congress on Control of Trade in Arms and Munitions of War. April 15, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 204–206.
Post-UNRRA Relief Program. Statement by the Acting Secretary of State (Acheson) made before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, April 15, 1947. Bulletin, April 27, 1947, pp. 755–757, 766.
Our Domestic Economy and Foreign Affairs. Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Thorp), delivered before the Economic Club of New York in New York City on April 16, 1947. Ibid., April 27, 1947, pp. 758–763.
Bipartisan Foreign Policy: Remarks by the President at a Meeting With the American Society of Newspaper Editors. April 17, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 207–210.
Report of the Radio Advisory Committee to the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (Benton). April 19, 1947. Bulletin, May 25, 1947, pp. 1039–1041.
Moscow Meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers, March 10–April 24, 1947. Address by the Secretary of State (Marshall), broadcast on April 28, 1947. Ibid., May 11, 1947, pp. 919–924.
[Page XII]Joint Statement of the President of the United States and the President of Mexico Following Discussions in Washington. May 1, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, p. 230.
The Economic Commission for Europe: Toward Beneficial Employment of Human and Material Resources. Opening address by the American Delegate (Clayton) before the initial meeting of the new Economic Commission for Europe in Geneva on May 2, 1947. Bulletin, May 18, 1947, pp. 977–978.
Some Aspects of Our Policy in Greece and Turkey. Address by the Deputy Director (Villard) of the Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs, Department of State, at Charlotte, North Carolina, on May 5, 1947. Ibid., May 18, 1947, pp. 997–1001.
The Requirements of Reconstruction. Address by the Under Secretary of State (Acheson) before the Delta Council at Cleveland, Mississippi, on May 8, 1947. Ibid., May 18, 1947, pp. 991–994.
Meeting of the Committee on Progressive Development of International Law and Its Codification. Statement by the United States Representative on that Committee (Jessup), made at Lake Success, New York, on May 13, 1947. Ibid., May 25, 1947, pp. 1026–1029.
Special Message of the President to the Congress on Military Collaboration With Other American States. May 26, 1947. (Released May 26, 1947. Dated May 23, 1947.) Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 255–257.
Request for Presidential Authority To Detail Military and Naval Missions. Statement by the Secretary of State (Marshall) made before the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on June 3, 1947. Bulletin, June 15, 1947, pp. 1175–1177.
Position on a United States of Europe. Letter from the Secretary of State (Marshall) to the Chairman (Vandenberg) of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, June 4, 1947. Ibid., June 22, 1947, p. 1213.
European Initiative Essential to Economic Recovery. Remarks by the Secretary of State (Marshall) made on the occasion of commencement exercises at Harvard University on June 5, 1947. Ibid., June 15, 1947, pp. 1159–1160.
Statement by the President on Palestine. June 5, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, p. 266.
Extension of Second War Powers Act Requested. Statement by the Under Secretary of State (Acheson) made before Subcommittee 4 of the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives on June 6, 1947. Bulletin, June 15, 1947, pp. 1173–1175.
Address by the President of the United States Before the Canadian Parliament in Ottawa. June 11, 1947, Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 272–276.
The People’s Stake in Maintaining Peace. Address by the Counselor of the Department of State (Cohen), delivered at Long Beach, California, on June 12, 1947. Bulletin, June 22, 1947, pp. 1230–1235.
The Future of Foreign Trade. Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Thorp) before the American Marketing Association at New York City on June 12, 1947. Ibid., June 22, 1947, pp. 1235–1240.
Regret Expressed That Yalta Commitments Remain Unfulfilled in Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria: Statement by the President Upon Ratification of the Peace Treaties With These Countries. June 14, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 277–278, or Bulletin, June 22, 1947, p. 1214.
New Era Anticipated for Italy: Statement by the President Upon Ratification of the Treaty of Peace With Italy. June 14, 1947. Ibid.
[Page XIII]American Traditions in Today’s Foreign Policy. Address by the Under Secretary of State (Acheson) at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, on June 15, 1947. Bulletin, June 22, 1947, pp. 1221–1224.
Universal Training—A Support for Foreign Policy. Address by the President at commencement exercises at Princeton University, June 17, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 281–285, or Bulletin, June 29, 1947, pp. 1294–1297.
Basic Post-Surrender Policy for Japan. Adopted by the Far Eastern Commission on June 19, 1947, and released to the press on July 11, 1947. Bulletin, August 3, 1947, pp. 216–221.
Reiteration of Position on Program for International Information and Educational Exchange. Letter from the Secretary of State (Marshall) to Representative Karl E. Mundt, of South Dakota, June 19, 1947. Ibid., June 29, 1947, p. 1315.
Statement by the President on the Economic Effects of Foreign Aid. June 22, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 301–302.
Remarks Broadcast by the President on the Second Anniversary of the United Nations. June 26, 1947. Ibid., p. 310.
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Operations Terminated. Letter to the President from the Director General of UNRRA (Rooks), received on June 30, 1947. Bulletin, July 13, 1947, pp. 100–107.
A Stable and Prosperous World Is Important to America’s Well-Being. Remarks by the Secretary of State (Marshall) made before the Women’s National Press Club in Washington, D.C., on July 1, 1947. Ibid., July 3, 1947, pp. 83–84.
Special Message of the President to the Congress on the Control and Administration of the United Nations Headquarters in New York City. July 2, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 321–322.
Action Urged on the Information and Educational Exchange Act. Statement by the Secretary of State (Marshall) made before the Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on July 2, 1947. Bulletin, July 13, 1947, pp. 105–106.
Special Message of the President to the Congress on the Trusteeship Agreement for the Territory of the Pacific Islands. July 3, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 322–323.
Independence Day Address Delivered by President Truman at the Home of Thomas Jefferson. July 4, 1947. Ibid., pp. 323–326.
Statement by the President on the Report of the Cabinet Committee on World Food Programs. July 5, 1947. Ibid., pp. 326–327.
Special Message of the President to the Congress on Admission of Displaced Persons. July 7, 1947. Ibid., pp. 327–329.
Directive from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Forces of Occupation (Clay), Regarding the Military Government of Germany, July 11, 1947. Bulletin, July 27, 1947, pp. 186–193.
Statement by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (MacArthur) in Tokyo on the policy decision announced by the Far Eastern Commission, July 12, 1947. Bulletin, August 3, 1947, pp. 221–222.
A Program for Preservation of Our National Interests and of European Civilization. Address by the Secretary of State (Marshall) delivered before the Governors’ Conference at Salt Lake City, Utah, on July 14, 1947. Ibid., July 27, 1947, pp. 184–185.
[Page XIV]Concern Expressed on Resettlement of Displaced Persons. Statement by the Secretary of State (Marshall) made on July 16, 1947, before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Naturalization of the House Committee on the Judiciary. Bulletin, July 27, 1947, pp. 194–197.
Statement by the President Upon Signing Resolution Authorizing Approval of Trusteeship Agreement for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. July 19, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 346–347.
The President’s Midyear Economic Report to the Congress. July 21, 1947. Excerpts, Ibid., pp. 347–355.
Fact-Finding Mission to China and Korea. Statements by the Head of the Mission (Lt. Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer, Special Representative of the President with the rank of Ambassador), July 22 and August 24, 1947. Bulletin, September 7, 1947, pp. 476–477, 483.
Executive Order 9877: Functions of the Armed Forces. July 26, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 359–361.
“… there has always been a Marshall plan in effect for the Western Hemisphere. The foreign policy of the United States in that direction has been set for one hundred years, known as the Monroe Doctrine.” Statement by the President at his news conference on August 14, 1947. Ibid., pp. 383–384.
Statement by the President on Myron C. Taylor’s Mission to the Vatican. August 15, 1947. Ibid., p. 384.
Civil Freedom, Mutual Trust, and Cooperation Are Bases for Strong Inter-American System. Statement by the Chairman (Marshall) of the United States Delegation to the Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Continental Peace and Security, at Petropolis, Brazil. August 20, 1947. Bulletin, August 31, 1947, pp. 414–415.
“Our Common Goal Is To Arouse and Invigorate the Faith of Men …” Exchange of letters between President Truman and Pope Pius XII., August 6 and 26, 1947. Ibid., September 7, 1947, pp. 478–480.
Public Opinion and World Affairs. Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (Benton) at Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, on September 2, 1947. Ibid., September 14, 1947, pp. 522–526.
Economic Rehabilitation Is Collective Responsibility. Address by President Truman delivered before the final session of the Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Continental Peace and Security, at Petropolis, Brazil, on September 2, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 428–432, or Bulletin, September 14, 1947, pp. 498–501.
Successful Conclusion of the Inter-American Conference. Joint Address by the Secretary of State (Marshall) and the President pro tempore of the Senate (Vandenberg), broadcast on September 4, 1947. Bulletin, September 14, 1947, pp. 501–505.
Address by President Truman Before a Joint Session of the Congress of Brazil. September 5, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 432–435.
Interim and Long-Term Problems of European Reconstruction. Statement by the Secretary of State (Marshall), September 10, 1947. Bulletin, September 21, 1947, p. 590.
Geneva Draft of ITO Sets a Practical Pattern for World Trade. Address broadcast from Paris on September 10, 1947, by the Chairman (Clayton) of the United States Delegation to the Preparatory Committee of the International Conference on Trade and Employment held at Geneva. Ibid., September 21, 1947, pp. 592–594.
[Page XV]The Power and Responsibilities of Freedom. Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Occupied Areas (Saltzman) delivered before the International Council of Women in Philadelphia on September 11, 1947. Bulletin, September 21, 1947, pp. 595–599.
Voice of U.S.A. Reaches Far East Through New Transmitter in Manila. Department of State press release, September 11, 1947. Ibid., September 28, 1947, pp. 646–648, with related materials.
Faith and Fidelity—American Pledge to the United Nations. Address by the Secretary of State (Marshall) delivered before the American Association for the United Nations at New York on September 14, 1947. Ibid., September 21, 1947, pp. 539–543, 546.
A Program for a More Effective United Nations. Address by the Chief of the United States Delegation to the General Assembly (Marshall), delivered before the opening session of the General Assembly on September 17, 1947. Ibid., September 28, 1947, pp. 618–622.
Statement by the President on the report of the Committee of European Economic Cooperation. September 25, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 438–439, and (with related materials) Bulletin, October 5, 1947, pp. 681–690.
The President’s News Conference Following a Meeting With Congressional Leaders (on the critical economic situation in Western Europe). September 29, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 445–448.
New Communist Manifesto Must Not Deflect Program for Aid to Europe. Statement by the Acting Secretary of State (Lovett), October 8, 1947. Bulletin, October 19, 1947, p. 769.
Statement by the President on Receiving Secretary Krug’s Report “National Resources and Foreign Aid.” October 18, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 474–475.
America’s Stake in Europe. Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Armour), delivered before the Boston Conference on Distribution, Boston, Massachusetts, on October 21, 1947. Excerpt in Bulletin, November 2, 1947, pp. 863–866, 877.
The Problem of the Reconstruction of Europe. Remarks by the Secretary of State (Marshall) made before the Herald-Tribune Forum in New York City on October 22, 1947. Ibid., November 2, 1947, pp. 856–857.
The President’s News Conference Announcing the Calling of a Special Session of the Congress. October 23, 1947. Radio Address of the President to the American People on the Special Session of the Congress. October 24, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 475–479.
U.S. Rejects Resolutions Limiting Free Flow of Information: Remarks by the U.S. Representative (Austin) at the Seat of the United Nations, made on October 23, 1947, before the First Committee (Political and Security) of the General Assembly. Excerpts in Bulletin, November 2, 1947, pp. 869–874.
European Recovery—A Project for America. Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Thorp) delivered before the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, Chicago, on October 23, 1947. Ibid., November 2, 1947, pp. 857–862.
Relief Assistance Provided for China: Agreement Signed Granting Food and Other Aid. Text of Agreement Signed at Nanking on October 27, 1947, Between the United States of America and the Republic of China Concerning U.S. Relief Assistance to the Chinese People. Ibid., November 9, 1947, pp. 913–915.
[Page XVI]Statement by the President on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. October 29, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, p. 480.
Statement by the President Making Public a Report “The Impact of the Foreign Aid Program Upon the Domestic Economy.” November 1, 1947. Ibid., 1947, p. 481.
America’s Stake in European Reconstruction. Address by the Director of the Office of Public Affairs (Russell), delivered before the National Cooperative Milk Producers Federation, St. Louis, Missouri, on November 6, 1947. Excerpt in Bulletin, November 16, 1947, pp. 942–948.
Statement by the President Making Public a Report “European Recovery and American Aid.” November 8, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 485–486.
Special Message of the President to the Congress Transmitting Report on Assistance to Greece and Turkey. November 10, 1947. Ibid., 1947, pp. 486–487.
Effects on World Economy of Long-Range and Interim Aid Programs. Statement by the Secretary of State (Marshall) made before a joint session of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on November 10, 1947. Bulletin, November 23, 1947, pp. 967–972.
America’s Challenge in World Affairs. Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Armour), delivered before the Academy of Political Science in New York City on November 12, 1947. Ibid., November 23, 1947, pp. 974–978.
American Political and Strategic Interests in the Middle East and Southeastern Europe. Address by the Director of the Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs (Henderson), delivered before the Academy of Political Science in New York City on November 12, 1947. Ibid., November 23, 1947, pp. 996–1000.
Statement by the President on the Government’s Employee Loyalty Program. November 14, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 489–451.
Foreign Aid and Reconstruction: “The Future of the Free Nations of Europe Hangs in the Balance.” Excerpts from the Special Message of the President to the Congress on the First Day of the Special Session. November 17, 1947. Bulletin, November 30, 1947, pp. 1022–1023. Full text in Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 492–498.
The Problems of European Revival and German and Austrian Peace Settlements. Address by the Secretary of State (Marshall) delivered in Chicago on November 18, 1947. Bulletin, November 30, 1947, pp. 1024–1028.
Special Message of the President to the Congress on Extending the Maritime Commission’s Authority To Operate, Sell, and Charter Vessels. December 1, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, p. 503.
Foreign Policy and the Democratic Process. Address delivered by the Director (Russell) of the Office of Public Affairs, Department of State, at Harvard University on December 4, 1947. Bulletin, December 28, 1947, pp. 1253–1258.
Aid Essential to European Integrity and Independence. Address by the Chairman (Clayton) of the U.S. Delegation to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, broadcast from Habana on December 8, 1947. Ibid., December 21, 1947, pp. 1211–1213.
Peace and Understanding—The Desire of All Mankind. Address by the Secretary of State (Marshall) delivered before the Pilgrims Society in London on December 12, 1947. Ibid., December 21, 1947, pp. 1201–1203.
Tensions in the United Nations. Address by the U.S. Representative (Austin) at the Seat of the United Nations, delivered before the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations at Chicago, December 17, 1947. Ibid., January 4, 1948, pp. 14–19.
[Page XVII]Special Message of the President to the Congress on the Marshall Plan for United States Aid to European Recovery. December 19, 1947. Public Papers: Truman, 1947, pp. 515–529, or Bulletin, December 28, 1947, pp. 1233–1243.
The London Meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers: November 25–December 15, 1947. Report by the Secretary of State (Marshall), broadcast from Washington on December 19, 1947. Bulletin, December 28, 1947, pp. 1244–1247.
II. The Organization and Activities of the Department of State in 1946 and 1947
Major appointments in the Department of State during 1946:
William L. Clayton, of Texas, as Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (a new post established by Public Law 590, 79th Cong., 2d sess.)
Maj. Gen. John H. Hilldring, U.S.A., as Assistant Secretary of State for Occupied Areas.
Willard L. Thorp, of Connecticut, as Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs.
Charles Fahy, of New Mexico, as Legal Adviser of the Department of State.
William L. Langer, as Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Research and Intelligence (from April until July).
William A. Eddy, as Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Research and Intelligence (beginning in August).
Major retirements and appointments in the Department of State during 1947:
James F. Byrnes, of South Carolina, retired as Secretary of State on January 21, 1947. For the text of letters by President Truman and Secretary Byrnes, see the Bulletin, January 19, 1947, pp. 86–87.
George C. Marshall, of Pennsylvania, was commissioned as Secretary of State on January 8, 1947, and entered upon duties on January 21, 1947. For biographical information, see the Bulletin, February 16, 1947, pp. 305–307.
Dean G. Acheson, of Connecticut, retired as Under Secretary of State on June 30, 1947.
Robert A. Lovett, of Texas, was commissioned as Under Secretary of State on May 28, 1947, and entered upon duties on July 1, 1947.
William L. Clayton, of Texas, retired as Under Secretary of State for Economics Affairs on October 15, 1947.
Other major appointments in the Department of State during 1947:
John E. Peurifoy, of South Carolina, as Assistant Secretary of State for Administration.
Garrison Norton, of New York, as Assistant Secretary of State for Transportation and Communications.
Norman Armour, of New Jersey, as Assistant Secretary of State for Political Affairs.
Charles E. Saltzman, of New York, as Assistant Secretary of State for Occupied Areas.
[Page XVIII]Charles E. Bohlen, of Massachusetts, as Counselor of the Department of State.
Ernest A. Gross, of New York, as Legal Adviser of the Department of State.
W. Park Armstrong as Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Research and Intelligence.
Major legislation concerning the Foreign Service:
An Act To Improve, Strengthen, and Expand the Foreign Service of the United States and To Consolidate and Revise the Laws Relating to its Administration, Approved August 13, 1946. (Public Law 724, 79th Cong., 2d sess.) For the text of a statement by the President upon signing the Foreign Service Act, see Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, 1946, pp. 412–413. For the text of statements by the Secretary of State (Byrnes) and the Assistant Secretary of State for Administration (Russell) on the occasion of the coming into effect of the Act, see Bulletin, November 24, 1946, pp. 947–949.
Establishment of the National Intelligence Authority:
Directive of the President on Coordination of Foreign Intelligence Activities. January 22, 1946. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, 1946, pp. 88–89.
A chart showing the organization of the Department of State as of July 15, 1946, is printed in the Bulletin, September 1, 1946, facing page 429. A similar chart as of October 31, 1947, is printed Ibid., December 14, 1947, facing page 1196. The names of the principal officers are listed in the appropriate editions of the Congressional Directory and the United States Government Manual.
For information on the Personnel Security program of the Department of State, see the statement issued on October 7, 1947, by the Director of the Office of Controls (Robinson), and for the text of Security Principles of the Department of State and Hearing Procedure of the Personnel Security Board, see the Bulletin, October 19, 1947, pp. 780–783.
For illustrations and information on the relocation of the Department of State at 21st Street and Virginia Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C., see Ibid., November 30, 1947, pp. 1035–1039.
For detailed information on the organization, personnel, and activities of the Department and the Foreign Service, see the Bulletin (issued weekly) and the following serial publications of the Department of State:
The Biographic Register.
Foreign Service List.
International Information and Education Exchange Program.
Report to the Congress on the Lend-Lease Operations, Transmitted by the President.
For information on treaties and agreements, see
Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS), published since 1946 as a sequel to the Department of State Treaty Series and Executive Agreement Series.
Treaties in Force.
For detailed information on these publications as well as on numerous others of a more specialized character, see Publications of the Department of State, October 1, 1929 to January 1, 1953 (Washington, D.C., 1954).
III. Participation of the United States in International Conferences and Organizations
In addition to the extensive documentation provided in this volume and in other volumes of Foreign Relations, there is systematic coverage of American participation in international conferences and organizations in the following publications of the Department of State:
The United States and the United Nations. Annual reports by the President to the Congress. (Title since 1948: United States Participation in the United Nations.)
List of International Conferences and Meetings, With Annotations.
Participation of the United States Government in International Conferences, Including the Composition of U.S, Delegations and Summaries of the Proceedings.
International Organizations in Which the United States Participates.