Index

• Agreements. See Treaties, conventions, etc.
• Aleutian Islands, visits of Japanese ship to ports, 753–754
• Andersen, Meyer & Co., 637, 639, 650, 651–652, 652
• Armaments. See Japan: Naval armament.
• Arms and munitions. See under China and Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Arms embargo. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Aviation. See under China.
• Baldwin Locomotive Co., 650, 651–652, 652
• Bandit activities. See China: Banditry and Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: Bandit and guerrilla activities.
• Belgium, discussions with United States concerning Far Eastern situation, 16–17, 103–104, 214
• Boxer indemnity payments. See under China: Claims.
• Boxer Protocol of 1901 See under Sino-Japanese dispute: North China.
• Boycotts. See under China and Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Brazil. See China: Shanghai International Settlement.
• Canada, discussion with United States concerning Far Eastern situation, 187
• Canton: Desire for assistance of American business interests in development of industry, 471–472; restrictions by Cantonese authorities upon the importation and sale of liquid fuel by foreign companies, American and British representations against, 569–593, 653
• Canton faction. See under China: Political situation.
• Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 156–157
• Censorship restrictions upon exhibition of American motion pictures in China, 694–698
• Chang Hsueh-liang. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: North China.
• Chiang Kai-shek. See under China: Political situation.
• China (see also Sino-Japanese dispute), 1–493 passim, 494–699
  • Arms and munitions (including military aircraft), export to China (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute), 559–566
    • Furnishing to Fukien insurrectionists by foreign powers, request of Chinese Government concerning, 566
    • Restrictions governing entry into and transit through Indo-China, information concerning, 562
    • United States: Military forces in China and importation of supplies for, Chinese request for information concerning, and U. S. reply, 565–566; policy concerning, 559–562, 563–565
  • Arms embargo. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
  • Aviation (see also Arms and munitions, supra):
    • Air force review, 455
    • Italy: Instructors in Chinese Government aviation school, 285, 456; purchase of Italian airplanes by China, 285
    • United States: Instructors in Chinese Government aviation school, 94–95, 104–105, 285, 300–301, 455–456, 606; nonadmittance of Chinese students to courses in military aviation in schools conducted by U. S. Government, 605–606; Pan American Airways, U. S. good offices in establishment of Shanghai-Canton line, 603–605
  • Banditry and looting (see also Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: Bandit and guerrilla activities), U. S. position concerning presentation of claims arising from, 635–636
  • Boxer indemnity payments. See under Claims, infra.
  • Boxer Protocol See under Sino-Japanese dispute: North China.
  • Boycott (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute) against Yangtze Rapid Steamship Co. for refusal to transport Chinese Government troops, 537–538, 539, 540–541
  • Canton: Desire for assistance of American business interests in development of industry, 471–472; restrictions imposed by Cantonese authorities upon the sale of liquid fuel by foreign companies, American and British representations against, 569–593, 653
  • Canton faction. See under Political situation, infra.
  • Censorship restrictions upon exhibition of American motion pictures in China, 694–698
  • Chang Hsueh-liang. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: North China.
  • Chen, Eugene, 256, 466, 468
  • Chiang Kai-shek. See under Political situation, infra.
  • Chinese Eastern Railway. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
  • Claims (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria, and Sino-Japanese dispute: Shanghai), 628–678
    • American claims outstanding against China (see also Boxer indemnity payments and Railway loans: Hukuang Railway loan of 1911, infra): Chinese Maritime Customs loan agreement with Bank of Indo-China, U. S. position concerning, 629–631, 632–633; Chinese railway loans, efforts to obtain equitable treatment for American creditors, 636, 637, 638–639, 640–642, 643, 648, 650–652, 653, 655–656; presentation of claims for losses arising from looting or banditry, U. S. position concerning, 635–636; U. S. insistence on constructive action by Chinese Government toward adjustment and final settlement, 628–629, 631–632, 633–635, 636, 637–638, 639, 640–642, 643–645, 653, 657–659
    • Boxer indemnity payments to United States, Great Britain, and Italy, Chinese request for further postponement of:
      • China Foundation and other educational and cultural agencies, provision for, 660, 661, 664, 666, 674
      • Explanation of request for postponement, 660, 662–663, 666, 667
      • Great Britain: Arrears in payment of British portion, 636–637, 676, 678; rejection, discussions, and joint action with United States concerning, 662, 663, 664, 665–666, 666, 667, 669, 670
      • Italy: Payment of Italian portion, 636, 672, 673, 675, 676, 677, 678; rejection, discussions, and joint action with United States concerning, 663, 664, 666, 667, 669, 670
      • United States:
        • Alteration in date of 1932–33 payments, understanding concerning, 676–677
        • Arrears in payment of U. S. portion, 670, 671–672, 674–675, 675–676, 677, 678
        • Rejection: Consultations and joint action with British and Italian colleagues, 660–661, 663, 664, 665, 665–666, 666, 666–667, 667, 670, 673; correspondence and discussions with Chinese officials, 660, 661–662, 662–663, 664, 666, 667, 669–670, 671, 672–675; statement of views, 668–669
    • Railway loans: Agreement between Ministry of Railways and British creditors of Tientsin-Pukow Railway, 636, 637, 638, 639, 641, 643, 651; Hukuang Railway loan of 1911, proposed British, French, and U. S. joint representations regarding servicing of, 646–647, 648–650, 654–655, 656
  • Communism. See Political situation: Communist activities, and Protection of American and other foreign lives, infra.
  • Courts. See under Shanghai International Settlement, infra.
  • Customs (see also Liquid fuel, infra): Denial to American firms of right to formal hearing under Chinese Customs rules of 1868, U. S. protest regarding, 626–628; examination by Customs authorities of books of American firms, 621–622; Japanese position regarding Chinese import tariff, 448; Maritime Customs loan agreement with Bank of Indo-China, U. S. position concerning, 629–631, 632–633
  • Diplomatic and consular relations: Disinclination of U. S. Government to raise its Legation in China to the status of an embassy, 698–699; possibility of severance of diplomatic relations with Japan, 23, 186, 221
  • Economic reconstruction, proposed international collaboration for, 494–524
    • China Consortium, refusal of members to participate in proposed consultative committee, 505–506, 508
    • Committees. See Consultative committee and League of Nations special committee, infra.
    • Consultative committee of foreign technical experts, proposal of T. V. Soong for:
      • China Consortium, refusal of members to participate, 505–506, 508
      • Invitation to foreign governments: Draft text, 496–497; transmittal letter, 495–496
      • Japanese objections, 502, 505–506, 508, 512–513
      • U. S. consideration of, 494–495, 495–497, 501–502
    • French-U. S. discussions, 506–507
    • Japan:
      • Objections concerning—
        • Consultative committee of foreign technical experts, proposed, 502, 505–506, 508, 512–513
        • League of Nations special committee on technical collaboration with China, 502–503, 504–505, 507, 508, 509, 513, 517, 524
        • Possible adverse effect on settlement of Sino-Japanese dispute, 503, 508–511, 514
        • Rajchman, Ludwig W., 494, 502, 509
      • U. S.-Japanese discussions concerning unfavorable Japanese attitude, 502–505, 508, 512–514, 515
    • League of Nations special committee on technical collaboration with China:
      • First meeting in Paris, 497–498, 498–499, 500, 501, 518
      • Japanese objections concerning, 502–503, 504–505, 507, 508, 509, 513, 517, 524
      • National Economic Council, constitution as Chinese agency of cooperation, 520, 521–523
      • Rajchman, Ludwig W., technical liaison officer, 501, 518, 519, 521–523
      • U. S. cooperation: Nomination of an American citizen as agricultural expert for China, League proposal for, 515–517; representation at first meeting at Paris, League request for, and appointment of U. S. unofficial observer, 497–501, 518
    • National Economic Council, 520, 521–523
    • Rajchman, Ludwig W.: Appointment as League of Nations technical liaison officer, 501, 518, 519, 521–523; possibility of Japanese objections, 494, 502, 509
    • Sino-Japanese dispute, Japanese fears concerning possible adverse effect on settlement of, 503, 508–511, 514
    • Soong, T. V. See Consultative committee, supra.
    • United States:
      • Consultative committee of foreign technical experts, consideration of Chinese proposal for, 494–495, 495–497, 501–502
      • Discussions with—
        • France, 506–507
        • Japan, 502–505, 508, 512–514, 515
      • League of Nations special committee on technical collaboration with China, cooperation with: Nomination of an American citizen as agricultural expert for China, League proposal for, 515–517; representation at first meeting in Paris, League request for, and appointment of U. S. unofficial observer, 497–501, 518
  • Ekvall, Henry, murder of, U. S. representations to Chinese Government concerning, 525–526, 528, 529, 542, 543, 653
  • Evacuation of Americans and other foreigners from places of danger: Fukien, 477, 529, 580, 531, 532, 534, 545, 547, 556, 556–557, 557–558; Szechwan, 534, 538
  • Extraterritorial rights. See Jurisdiction over U. S. citizens, Liquid fuel, and Shanghai International Settlement, infra.
  • Financial situation (see also Claims, supra, and Loans, infra), fiscal questions, 446–447, 521
  • Foreign powers (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute):
    • Arms and munitions. See Arms and munitions, supra.
    • Brazil. See Shanghai International Settlement, infra.
    • Evacuation. See Evacuation, supra.
    • Extraterritorial rights. See Jurisdiction over U. S. citizens, Liquid fuel, and Shanghai International Settlement, infra.
    • France (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers): Economic reconstruction of China, U. S.-French discussions concerning, 506–507; Hukuang Railway loan of 1911, proposed British, French, and U. S. joint representations regarding servicing of, 646–647, 648–650, 654–655, 656; press restrictions, registration of foreign publications under Chinese press law, French position concerning, 686–687, 688, 693; Shanghai International Settlement, agreement of Feb. 17, 1930, relating to Chinese courts, extension of duration of, 619; Sino-French treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation (1858), cited, 594, 597
    • Germany: Furnishing of munitions to China, Japanese claims of and German denial, 97, 103; military advisers in China, 41, 103, 320
    • Great Britain (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers):
      • Claims:
        • Boxer indemnity payments: Arrears in payment of British portion, 636–637, 676, 678; Chinese proposal for postponement of, discussions and joint action with United States concerning, 662, 663, 664, 665–666, 666, 667, 669, 670, 673
        • Railway loans: Agreement between Ministry of Railways and British creditors of Tientsin-Pukow Railway, 636, 637, 638, 639, 641, 643, 651; Hukuang Railway loan of 1911, proposed British, French, and U. S. joint representations regarding servicing of, 646–647, 648–650, 654–655, 656
      • Evacuation of British citizens from places of danger, plans for, 545, 557
      • Liquid fuel, restrictions by Cantonese authorities upon the importation and sale by foreign companies, U. S. and British representations against, 569–593
      • Merchant vessels, attitude concerning blockade and search by Chinese Government, 545, 546–547, 547–548, 548, 549, 550, 551, 556; concerning transport of Chinese Government troops, 534, 535, 535–536, 539, 540, 544
      • Press restrictions, British position on registration of foreign publications under Chinese press law, 685–686, 687–688, 689, 690, 691, 692–693
      • Shanghai International Settlement: Extension of duration of agreement of Feb. 17, 1930, relating to Chinese courts, 616, 617–619, 619; extra-Settlement roads, participation in efforts of interested powers to reach agreement concerning, 612–613, 614, 615–616
      • Taxation, attitude concerning payment of foreshore property regulations, 600
      • Treaty of Tientsin (1858), proposed revision of, 568
    • Italy (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers):
      • Aviation: Italian aviation instructors in China, 285, 456; purchase of Italian airplanes by China, 285
      • Claims, Boxer indemnity payments, Chinese proposal for postponement of, discussions and joint action with United States, 663, 664, 666, 667, 669, 670; payment of Italian portion, 636, 672, 673, 675, 676, 677, 678
    • Japan (see also under Economic reconstruction, supra):
      • Customs tariff, position concerning, 448
      • Independent and anti-Chiang Kai-shek movements, attitude toward, 285, 467, 468, 469–470, 484, 488
      • Loans, insistence on Chinese repayment of, 448–449, 511
      • Merchant vessels, attitude concerning blockade and search by Chinese Government, 547
      • Press restrictions, position concerning registration of foreign publications under Chinese press law, 686–687, 688, 693
      • Shanghai International Settlement: Extension of duration of agreement of Feb. 17, 1930, concerning Chinese courts, attitude concerning, 620–621; extra-Settlement roads, participation in efforts of interested powers to reach an agreement concerning, 611–612, 613, 613–614, 614
    • Netherlands (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers): Protest against restrictions imposed by Cantonese authorities upon the sale of liquid fuel by foreign companies, 592; Shanghai International Settlement, extension of duration of agreement of Feb. 17, 1930, concerning Chinese courts, 619
    • Norway, extension of duration of agreement of Feb. 17, 1930, concerning Chinese courts in Shanghai International Settlement, 619
    • Protection of American and other foreign lives and property. See Protection, infra.
    • Soviet Union (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers): Sino-Russian non-aggression pact, proposed, Chinese insistence on nonrecognition clause, 331, 452; withdrawal of American guard from Peiping Legation wall upon reoccupation of property by Soviet Embassy, 373–374
    • Taxation. See Taxation, infra.
    • Treaties and agreements with China. See Treaties, infra.
    • United States (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute; also the following, supra: Arms and munitions, Aviation, Claims, Customs, Diplomatic and consular relations, Economic reconstruction, Extraterritorial rights; and the following, infra: Jurisdiction, Liquid fuel, Loans, Patents, Press restrictions, Protection, Shanghai International Settlement, Taxation, Treaties, U. S. citizens, U. S. commercial interests, U. S. military and naval forces): Review by American Minister of events in China during 1933, 491–493; withdrawal of American guard from Peiping Legation wall upon reoccupation of property by Soviet Embassy, 373–374
  • Jurisdiction over U. S. citizens in China, question of application of Chinese jurisdiction with regard to—
    • American schools established in China by American missionary organizations, 607–610
    • Enforcement of Chinese interprovincial motor vehicle traffic regulations with regard to American citizens, 623–626
    • Examination by Customs authorities of books of American firms, 622–623
    • Inspection of American factories, 621–622
  • Kidnapping and reported death of Rev. Bert Nelson, further U. S. inquiries concerning, 526–527, 558
  • Kuomintang, 170–174, 339, 491–493
  • Liquid fuel, restrictions by Cantonese authorities upon importation and sale by foreign companies, U. S. and British representations against, 569–593, 653; loss of extraterritorial rights, question of, 581
  • Loans (see also the following under Claims, supra: American claims and Railway loans: Hukuang Railway loan): Japanese insistence upon repayment by China, 448–449, 511; U. S. wheat and cotton, 366, 488, 491, 493, 503–504, 504, 508, 509–511, 646, 649, 650
  • Military advisers, German, in China, 41, 103, 320
  • Missionaries and mission property (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute: North China: Protection, and under Protection, infra), American schools established in China by American missionaries, question of Chinese jurisdiction over, 607–610
  • Monopoly. See Wolfram monopoly, infra.
  • Murder of American citizens in China. See under Protection: U. S. representations, infra.
  • National Economic Council, 520, 521–523
  • Patents and trade marks, American, U. S. representations concerning protection of, 325, 679–682
  • Political situation:
    • Canton faction:
      • Feng Yu-hsiang, support of, 392
      • Fukien independence movement, attitude toward, 472–473, 474
      • Hu Han-min, opposition to Chiang Kai-shek, 348–349
      • Military conference on plans for resistance to Japanese invasion, 140
      • Southwest Political Council. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
    • Chen, Eugene, 256, 466, 467, 468
    • Chiang Kai-shek (see also Independent and anti-Chiang Kai-shek movements, infra): Dominance in Government, 170, 420, 491; negotiations with Japan, attitude concerning, 242, 266, 420, 451, 456
    • Communist activities (see also Independent and anti-Chiang Kai-shek movements: Fukien revolt: Autonomy movement, infra), 41, 172, 339, 450, 453, 468, 491, 492, 667
    • Controversial attitudes among political leaders concerning policy of resistance toward Japan: Chiang Kai-shek, 242, 266, 420, 451, 456; Kung, H. H., 262, 488; Lo Wen-kan, 242, 266, 288, 289, 291, 344, 365–367, 405, 444, 488–490; Soong, T. V., 188, 371–372, 405, 419–421, 444, 446; Sun Fo, 404; Wang Ching-wei, 266, 288, 292, 296, 343, 404–405, 420, 450–451, 451, 476–477
    • Independent and anti-Chiang Kai-shek movements (see also Canton faction, supra):
      • Fukien revolt: Autonomy movement instigated by Communists and Nineteenth Route Army, 456, 457, 466–467, 468, 468–470, 473–475, 477–478, 483–484, 487–488, 488, 480–490, 491, 493; Japanese sympathetic attitude, alleged, 469–470, 483–484, 488; request of Chinese Government concerning furnishing of arms and munitions to insurrectionists by foreign powers, 566; suppression measures, consideration by Chinese Government, 544–545, 546, 547, 548, 549–551, 554, 556
      • North China: Fang Chen-wu, 404, 405, 406–407, 411; Feng Yu-hsiang, 360, 379, 380–382, 392; LI Chi-chun, 280, 282, 310, 354, 363–364, 366–367, 369, 370
    • Kung, H. H.: Appointment as Minister of Finance, 444, 446; attitude toward question of negotiations with Japan, 262, 488; opinion regarding Fukien movement, 474–475
    • League of Nations political advisers, 523
    • Lo Wen-kan: Attitude toward question of negotiations with Japan, 242, 266, 288, 289, 291, 344, 365–367, 405, 444, 488–490; resignation as Foreign Minister and departure on diplomatic mission to Sinkiang, 405, 444
    • National Government, 170–174, 339, 491–493
    • Soong, T. V. (see also Economic reconstruction: Consultative committee, supra):
      • Attitude toward question of negotiations with Japan, 188, 371–372, 405, 419–421, 444–445, 446
      • Resignation as Minister of Finance, 444, 446–447, 450, 491, 493, 522
      • Visit to Europe and the United States, 294, 301, 325–326, 371–372, 506–507, 515; joint statement with President Roosevelt, 336–337
    • Sun Fo: Appointment as President of Legislative Yuan, 170; attitude toward question of negotiations with Japan, 404
    • Wang Ching-wei: Attitude toward question of negotiations with Japan, 266, 292, 296, 343, 353–354, 404–405, 420, 450–451, 451, 476–477; resumption of duties as President of Executive Yuan, 254, 262, 491
  • Press restrictions concerning registration of American and other foreign publications under Chinese press law, position of France, 680–687, 688, 693; of Great Britain, 685–686, 687–688, 689, 690, 691, 692–693; of Japan, 680–687, 688, 693; of United States, 683–693
  • Protection of American and other foreign lives and property during communist uprisings (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute: North China), 477, 525–558, 653
    • Evacuation of Americans and other foreigners from places of danger: Fukien, 477, 529, 530, 531, 532, 534, 545, 547, 556, 556–557, 557–558; Szechwan, 534, 538
    • Kidnapping and reported death of Rev. Bert Nelson, further U. S. inquiries concerning, 526–527, 558
    • Merchant vessels:
      • Blockade and search by Chinese Government:
        • Attitude of Great Britain, 545, 540–547, 547–548, 548, 549, 550, 551, 556; of Japan, 547; of United States, 545, 546–547, 548–551, 554
        • Texas Co., proposed shipment of kerosene and gasoline into Fukien ports, 549–550, 551, 554
      • Transport of Chinese Government troops by foreign vessels:
        • Attitude of Great Britain, 534, 535, 535–536, 539, 540, 544; of United States, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538–539, 540–541, 543–544
        • Socony-Vacuum Corp., question of authorization for, 540–541
        • Yangtze Rapid Steamship Co.: Authorization to carry troops, question of, 540–541; boycott against for refusal to carry troops, 537–538, 539
    • Military action: Fukien, 529–531, 532, 544, 552, 553, 556; Szechwan, 534, 538
    • Missionaries and mission property:
      • Bombing damage to property of American Board Mission at Foochow, 553
      • Continued occupation of American mission property by Chinese military, U. S. representations concerning, 528
      • Nelson, Rev. Bert, kidnapping and reported death of, U. S. representations concerning, 526–527, 558
      • Safety of missionaries. See Evacuation, supra.
    • Murder of American citizens. See under U. S. representations, infra.
    • U. S. naval force, dispatch of vessels to places of danger: Fukien, 530, 531, 532; Szechwan, 535, 538
    • U. S. representations concerning—
      • Bombing by Chinese National Government endangering American lives and property, 552, 553, 554–555, 557
      • Murder and kidnapping of American citizens: Ekvall, Henry, 525–526, 528, 529, 542, 543, 653; Nelson, Rev. Bert, 526–527, 558; Simpson, William E., 528, 529, 532–534, 541–542
      • Special questions involving Sino-U. S. relations, 527–529
  • Shanghai International Settlement, problems affecting, 393–395, 610–621
    • Courts, Chinese, agreement of Feb. 17, 1930, between China and Brazil, France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United States relating to, extension of duration of, 616–620; Japanese position, 620–621
    • Extra-Settlement roads, efforts of United States and other interested powers to reach an agreement concerning: Brazil, 611–612; China, 611, 614–615, 615–616; Great Britain, 612–613, 614, 615–616; Japan, 394–395, 611–612, 613, 613–614, 615; United States, 610–612, 613, 614, 615, 616
  • Soong, T. V. See Economic reconstruction: Consultative committee, supra, and under Political situation, supra.
  • Southwest Political Council. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
  • Sun Fo: Appointment as President of Legislative Yuan, 170; attitude concerning policy toward Japan, 404
  • Tariff, import, Japanese position concerning, 448
  • Taxation: Business tax, U. S. representations against efforts of Fukien Provincial authorities to collect from American companies, 602–603; foreshore property regulations imposed by Shanghai municipal authorities, position of U. S. Government regarding efforts to demand payment from American firms, 598–601
  • Treaties with—
    • Austria-Hungary, treaty of 1869, Cited, 608–609
    • France, treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation (1858), cited, 594, 597
    • Great Britain, treaty of Tientsin (1858), proposed revision of, 568
    • Japan, treaty concerning Manchuria (1915), 388
    • United States:
      • Commercial treaty of 1903: Chinese proposals for negotiations for replacement by a new treaty, 567–569; cited, 570, 575, 608, 679, 681
      • Peace, amity, and commerce, treaty of 1844, cited, 594, 597; of 1858, 575, 608
      • Tariff treaty of 1928, cited, 570
  • U. S. citizens (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute; see also Jurisdiction, Press restrictions, Protection, Taxation, supra), American aviation instructors employed in Government aviation school, 94–95, 104–105, 285, 455–456, 606
  • U. S. commercial interests (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute; also the following, supra: Canton; Censorship; Claims; Customs; Liquid fuel; Patents; Press restrictions; Protection: Merchant vessels; Taxation): Andersen, Meyer & Co., 637, 639, 650, 651–652, 652; Baldwin Locomotive Co., 650, 651–652, 652; Columbia Pictures Distributing Co., Inc., 694, 696; Frazar, Federal Inc., 626–627, 627; General American Tank Car Co., 650, 652; Pan American Airways, 603–605; Socony-Vacuum Corp., 528, 540–541, 569, 574, 575, 581, 626; Texas Co., 549–550, 551, 554, 600–601, 601, 602; wolfram monopoly, U. S. representations against, 472, 593–598; Yangtze Rapid Steamship Co., 537–538, 539, 540–541
  • U. S. military and naval forces (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute): Chinese request for information concerning U. S. military forces in China and importation of supplies for, and U. S. reply, 565–566; dispatch of U. S. naval vessels to places of danger, 530, 531, 532, 535, 538
  • Wang Ching-wei. See under Political situation, supra.
  • Wolfram monopoly, U. S. representations against, 472, 593–598
• Chinese Eastern Railway. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
• Claims. See under China and Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Columbia Pictures Distributing Co., Inc., 694, 696
• Commissions and committees. See under China: Economic reconstruction; see also Sino-Japanese dispute: League of Nations: Advisory Committee.
• Communism. See China: Political situation: Communist activities; and China: Protection of American and other foreign lives.
• Consortium, China (see also China: Economic reconstruction: China Consortium), possible violation of agreement concerning the Consortium by Japanese banking syndicate loan to “Manchoukuo”, 19, 130
• Courts. See under China: Shanghai International Settlement.
• Customs. See under China.
• Denmark: Discussions with United States on Far Eastern situation, 184; interest in assisting to obtain release of Dr. Niels Nielsen, American citizen, kidnapped in Manchuria, 719–720, 722–723, 724, 724–725, 727
• Diplomatic and consular relations:
  • China: Disinclination of U. S. Government to raise its Legation to the status of an Embassy, 698–699; possibility of severance of diplomatic relations with Japan, 23, 186, 221
  • Manchuria: Status of U. S. Consuls in, 319, 321, 333; U. S. relations with “Manchoukuo” de facto officials, 314, 380, 421, 485, 486
  • Soviet Union, U. S. recognition of Soviet Government, 229–230, 465, 495; Japanese attitude, 377–378, 463, 475–476, 709
• Disarmament Conference: Italian views, 314–315; Japanese participation, question of, 191; Russian views, 463–465
• Discrimination against American trade. See the following under China: Censorship, Customs, Liquid fuel, Patents, Taxation, Wolfram monopoly; see also Japan: Oil monopoly and Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”: Oil monopoly.
• Ekvall, Henry, murder of, U. S. representations to Chinese Government concerning, 525–526, 528, 529, 542, 543, 653
• Embargoes. See Sino-Japanese dispute: Arms embargo.
• European situation, 314–315, 524
• Evacuation of American and other foreigners from places of danger. See under China.
• Extraterritorial rights (see also under China), policy of “Manchoukuo” concerning, 313
• Far Eastern crisis. See Sino-Japanese dispute.
• France. See under China: Foreign powers and Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers.
• Frazar, Federal Inc., confiscation of property by Chinese Customs authorities, 626–627, 627
• Fushun massacre, information concerning, 176–177
• General American Tank Car Co., 650, 652
• Germany: Furnishing of munitions to China, Japanese claims and German denial, 97, 103; military advisers in China, 41, 103, 320
• Great Britain. See under China: Foreign powers and Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers.
• Hoover, Herbert, statement of Feb. 24 concerning opposition to use of sanctions, 209–210
• Immigration, possibility of U. S. revision of restrictions on, 701, 708–709, 758–766
• Indo-China: Arms and munitions, information concerning restrictions governing entry to and transit through, 562; Chinese Maritime Customs loan agreement with Bank of Indo-China, U. S. position concerning, 629–631, 632–633
• Italy. See under China: Foreign powers and Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers.
• Japan (see also Sino-Japanese dispute and under China: Foreign powers), 1–493 passim, 700–766
  • Aleutian Islands, visits of Japanese ship to ports, 753–754
  • Anti-American attitude. See under War psychology, infra.
  • Arbitration and reciprocal commercial treaty with United States, Japanese proposal for and U. S. attitude, 432, 707, 745–748
  • Arms and munitions. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
  • Arms embargo. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
  • Boxer Protocol of 1901, alleged Japanese abuse of rights under. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: North China.
  • Claims of American citizens for damages resulting from military action. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Shanghai.
  • Communism, attitude toward, 423
  • Immigration, possibility of U. S. revision of restrictions on, 701, 708–709, 758–766
  • Kidnapping. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria.
  • “Manchoukuo”. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria.
  • Mandated Pacific islands, retention and fortification by Japan, 184, 197, 229, 442, 748–753
  • Matsuoka, Yosuke (see also under Political situation, infra), visit to United States, 222, 264
  • Monopolies. See Oil monopoly, infra.
  • Naval armament, desire for revision of naval ratio, 254, 442, 707, 709, 711–712
  • Navy, exchange of visits with United States, 755–758
  • Oil monopoly (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”): Efforts of foreign oil companies to obtain statement of policy from Japanese Government, 733, 740–741; establishment, proposed, 732–734, 739–741; importation of oil from Russia, 739; Socony-Vacuum Corp., 733, 739, 740–741
  • Political situation (see also War psychology, infra), 274, 275–276, 440–441, 700–715
    • Anti-parliamentary sentiment, 704, 705–706, 713–715
    • Matsuoka, Yosuke, resignation from Seiyukai and from Imperial Diet, 713–714
    • Military domination in Government, 160, 195–196, 275–276, 342–343
    • Minseito, 704, 705
    • Saito Ministry, 274, 275–276, 703–706; opposition to the increased appropriations for the Army and Navy, 440–441, 710–711
    • Seiyukai, 704, 705, 713
    • Trials of naval officers involved in terroristic acts of May 15, 1932, 711–713
  • Protection of American and other foreign lives and property (see also Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: Kidnapping), representations regarding inadequate police protection for property of Singer Sewing Machine Co. during strike, 716–717
  • Soviet Union (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers): Japanese importation of oil from, 739; possibility of Russo-Japanese hostilities, 21, 68–70, 196, 229, 360, 372–373, 377–378, 387, 412–416, 421–427, 434–438, 441–442, 445, 451–452, 458–463, 483–484; recognition by United States, Japanese attitude, 377–878, 463, 475–476, 709; resumption of Sino-Russian relations, Japanese attitude toward, 68–69; Russo-Japanese nonaggression pact, improbability of conclusion of, 68, 69, 228–229, 464
  • Treaties with United States: Arbitration and reciprocal commercial treaty, Japanese proposal for and U. S. attitude, 432, 707, 745–748; treaty of commerce (1911), 734
  • Uchida, Count Yasuya, influence upon Japanese military occupation of Manchuria, 247–251
  • U. S.-Japanese relations (see also War psychology: Anti-American attitude, infra): Good-will mission to United States, Japanese proposal for, 430–431, 433–434; improvement in, 702–703, 706–709, 710; naval visits between United States and Japan, 755–758; possibility of revision of U. S. restrictions on Japanese immigration, 701, 708–709, 758–766; U. S. fleet, transfer to Atlantic, Japanese attitude, 449, 463
  • Visits of Japanese ship to ports in the Aleutian Islands, 753–754
  • War psychology:
    • Anti-American attitude (see also under Propaganda, infra): General evidence of, 700, 701, 708–709, 758–766; probability of war between United States and Japan, 173–174, 196, 229, 264, 481–482; recognition of Soviet Government by the United States, Japanese attitude concerning, 377–378, 463, 475–476, 709
    • Military domination in government, 160, 195–196, 275–276, 342–343, 480–482, 708
    • Propaganda: Anti-American, incidents indicating use of, 182, 267, 306–307, 344–346, 388–391, 468, 700–702, 708; use in China, 281–282, 315–316, 317, 334, 405, 406
    • Soviet Union, possibilities of hostilities with (see also Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”: Chinese Eastern Railway: Russo-Japanese dispute), 21, 68–70, 196, 229, 360, 372–373, 377–378, 387, 412–416, 421–427, 434–438, 441–442, 445, 451–452, 458–462, 483–484
    • Ultimate war aims, 155–156, 241, 371–372
• Kellogg-Briand Pact, allusions to, 173, 227, 256, 259, 464, 470
• Kidnapping. See under China: Protection and Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria.
• Korea, 159, 164
• Kung, H. H., 262, 444, 446, 488
• League of Nations. See under China: Economic reconstruction and Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Liquid fuel. See under China.
• Lo Wen-kan. See under China: Political situation.
• Loans. See under China and Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
• “Manchoukuo”. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria.
• Manchuria. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Mandated islands in Pacific, retention and fortification by Japan, 184, 197, 229, 442, 748–753
• Merchant vessels. See under China: Protection.
• Mexico, policy at League of Nations regarding Japanese aggression in Manchuria, 106, 212–213
• Missionaries and mission property. See under China and Sino-Japanese dispute: North China: Protection of American and other foreign lives and property.
• Monopolies:
  • Oil. See under Japan and Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
  • Opium. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
  • Wolfram, U. S. representations to Chinese Government against, 472, 593–598
• Motion pictures, American, Chinese censorship restrictions upon, 694–698
• Munitions. See Arms and munitions under China and Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Murder of American citizens in China. See under China: Protection: U. S. representations.
• Narcotic drug control. See Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”: Opium.
• National City Bank, 486, 630, 631, 632
• Nelson, Rev. Bert, kidnapping and reported death of, U. S. representations to Chinese Goverment concerning, 526–527, 558
• Netherlands. See under China: Foreign powers and Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers.
• Nielsen, Dr. Niels, American citizen kidnapped in Manchuria, 718–732
• Nine-Power Treaty, allusions to, 173, 227, 256, 259, 290, 334, 335, 336, 470, 514
• Norway, extension of duration of agreement of Feb. 17, 1930, concerning Chinese courts in Shanghai International Settlement, 619
• Oil monopoly. See under Japan and Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
• Open-door policy. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
• Opium. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
• Pan American Airways, U. S. good offices in establishment of Shanghai-Canton line, 603–605
• Peiping, neutralization of, proposed, 58, 85–86, 99, 112, 341
• Philippines, 155–156, 241, 360–362
• Property. See Protection of American and other foreign lives and property under China and Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Protection of American and other foreign lives and property. See under China and Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Pu-yi (Hsuan-tung), 160, 188, 358, 487
• Railways. See China: Claims: Railway loans; and under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria.
• Rajchman, Ludwig W. See under China: Economic reconstruction.
• Rea, George Bronson, explanation of position as counselor for “Manchoukuo”, 408–410
• Rockefeller Foundation, 157
• Roosevelt, Franklin D:
  • Approval of unchanged American policy on Manchuria, 53; Chinese desire for declaration concerning, 28, 29
  • Statements, texts: Jan. 17, on upholding treaties, 102; May 20, joint statement with T. V. Soong, 336–337
• Russia. See Soviet Union.
• Sanctions. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: League of Nations.
• Shanghai. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Shanghai International Settlement. See under China.
• Siam, treaty of friendship and commerce with the United States, proposed revision of, 767–771
• Simpson, William E., U. S. representations to Chinese Government concerning the murder of, 528, 529, 532–534, 541–542
• Singer Sewing Machine Co., U. S. representations to Japanese Government regarding inadequate police protection for property during strike, 716–717
• Sino-Japanese dispute:
  • Arms and munitions (see also Arms embargo, infra):
    • Germany, furnishing of munitions to China, Japanese claims and German denial, 97, 103
    • United States (see also under Arms embargo, infra): Chinese desire to obtain from, 39–40, 41–42; Japanese press reports of alleged American military aid to China, and U. S. denial, 81–82, 97–98, 102, 388
  • Arms embargo:
    • China: Attitude concerning proposal for imposition against China and Japan, 195, 219, 221; desire for imposition by United States against Japan, 243–244
    • France, suggestion for, 286
    • Great Britain, imposition and subsequent withdrawal of, 204, 210, 217–219, 221, 225, 225–226, 232, 239–240; U. S. views, 204–205, 231–232, 233
    • League of Nations. See under League of Nations: Advisory Committee, infra.
    • United States (see also League of Nations: Advisory Committee: Arms embargo question, infra): British action, views on, 204–205, 231–232, 233; Congressional resolution for, status of, 197–198, 204–205, 214, 221, 231–232, 233
  • Boxer Protocol of 1901, alleged Japanese abuse of rights under. See under North China, infra.
  • Boycotts: Anti-American, by China in 1905, memorandum with regard to alleged use of American naval forces in connection with, 31–39; anti-Japanese, in China, 13, 160, 276, 285, 335, 363, 367, 493
  • Claims. See under Manchuria and Shanghai, infra.
  • Diplomatic and consular relations (see also Diplomatic and consular relations: Manchuria), possibility of severance by China of diplomatic relations with Japan, 23, 186, 221
  • Economic reconstruction of China, Japanese fears concerning adverse effect on settlement of dispute, 503, 508–511, 514
  • Foreign powers:
    • Belgium, discussions with United States, 16–17, 103–104, 214
    • Canada, discussions with United States, 187
    • Denmark: Discussions with United States, 184; interest in assisting to obtain release of Dr. Niels Nielsen, American citizen kidnapped in Manchuria, 719–720, 722–723, 724, 724–725, 727
    • France (see also under North China: Negotiations: Mediation of foreign powers, infra): Arms embargo, suggestion for, 286; Boxer Protocol, consultations with United States concerning, 29–30, 58; discussions with United States, general, 59–61, 98–99, 292, 301–302; League of Nations draft report, views on, 27, 93; “Manchoukuo”, proposed plans for investments in, reports and investigations concerning, 12–13, 400–401, 403, 438–439; policy on Far Eastern question, 12–14, 27, 286, 371; troops in North China, 94
    • Germany: Furnishing of munitions to China, Japanese claims and German denial, 97, 103; military advisers in China, 41, 103, 320
    • Great Britain (see also under North China: Negotiations: Mediation of foreign powers, infra):
      • Arms embargo, imposition and subsequent withdrawal of, 204, 210, 217–218, 219, 221, 225, 225–226, 232, 239–240; U. S. views, 204–205, 231–232, 233
      • Boxer Protocol, proposal for and consultations with United States concerning friendly representations to Japan by signatory powers in regard to alleged abuse of rights under, 122–123, 135–136, 141, 142, 145–146, 216–217
      • Chinwangtao, representations to China and Japan concerning possible damage to British interests during military action, 16
      • League of Nations draft report, views on, 64–65, 93
      • Oil monopoly, U. S.-British consultations concerning possible joint representations in regard to discrimination in levying of customs duties on foreign oil, 741–742, 744, 745
      • Policy on Far Eastern question, 18–19, 371–372
      • Shanhaikwan, failure of British attempt at mediation of Sino-Japanese hostilities at, 23–24, 25, 25–26, 30, 44–45, 49–50, 52, 56, 61, 65, 78–80, 82, 87–88, 89, 112, 123–124, 168
      • Troops in North China, 93–94, 94
      • United States, discussions with, general, 54–57, 64–65, 88–90, 186–187, 197, 204–205, 370–371
    • Italy: Discussion with United States, 314–315; policy on Far Eastern question, 371; troops in North China, 94
    • Mexico, policy at League of Nations regarding Japanese aggression in Manchuria, 106, 212–213
    • Netherlands: Protest against Japanese seizure of port of Hulutao, 154; views of Minister to Japan concerning Far Eastern situation, 479–483
    • Soviet Union:
      • Japanese allegations of secret Sino-Russian-U. S. understanding, 182, 463
      • League of Nations invitation to cooperate with Advisory Committee, 209, 210; refusal, 227–228
      • Manchuria:
        • Bandit suppression in: Agreement with Japan concerning, 9, 20; refusal to surrender Gen. Su Ping-wen to Japan, 68, 262–263
        • Chinese Eastern Railway. See under Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”, infra.
        • Russo-Japanese hostilities, possibility of, 21, 68–70, 196, 229, 360, 372–373, 377–378, 387, 412–416, 421–427, 434–438, 441–442, 445, 451–452, 458–463, 483–484
    • United States. See United States, infra.
  • Hankow, 276–277
  • Kidnapping. See under Manchuria, infra.
  • Korea, 159, 164
  • League of Nations:
    • Advisory Committee on the situation in the Far East:
      • Arms embargo question: Appointment of subcommittee on, 238, 239, 240–241, 258, 260–261, 265; U. S. position, 233–234, 235, 239, 240–241, 260–261, 265
      • Establishment by Assembly resolution of Feb. 24, 208–209, 210
      • Nonmember states, invitations for cooperation of, and replies: Soviet Union, 209, 210, 227–228; United States, 209, 210, 211, 215, 219–221, 234, 238
      • Nonrecognition of and noncooperation with “Manchoukuo”, policy of:
        • Circular to League members concerning measures involved: Draft text, discussion of, 351, 356; transmittal to and consideration by United States, 375–376, 378–379, 429, 439–440, 441, 478–479
        • Subcommittee on, discussions, 238–239, 258, 303, 309, 311–312, 350–351, 351–352, 356–357
        • U. S. position concerning questions of—
          • Consuls, status of, 319, 321, 333
          • Currency, 407–408
          • Opium import licenses, 306, 309, 316, 355, 478–479
        • U. S. cooperation:
          • Arms embargo question, 233–234, 235, 239, 240–241, 260–261, 265
          • Invitation for, and U. S. reply, 209, 210, 211, 215, 219–221, 234, 238
          • Nonrecognition and noncooperation with “Manchoukuo”, policy of:
            • Circular concerning measures involved, transmittal to and consideration by United States, 375–376, 378, 379, 429, 439–440, 441, 478–479
            • Questions involved, U. S. position on: Consuls, status of, 319, 321, 333; currency, 407–408; opium import licenses, 306, 309, 316, 355, 478–479
      • Chinese withdrawal, intimation of possibility of, 115–116, 128–129; denial of rumor, 23
      • Committee of Nineteen. See Failure of conciliation proceedings, infra.
      • Failure of conciliation proceedings and preparation by Assembly Committee of Nineteen of draft report under art. 15, par. 4, of League Covenant:
        • Chinese position concerning, 100–101, 117–118, 120–121, 143
        • Continuation of Assembly’s work, arrangements for (see also Advisory Committee, supra), 192–193, 198–201, 208–209
        • Correspondence, League-Japan: Feb. 9, League inquiry concerning Japanese willingness to accept point 7, ch. 9, of Lytton Report as basis of conciliation, 176; Feb. 14, Japanese reply to League’s communication of Feb. 9, 177–178; Feb. 14, League opinion as to unacceptability of Japanese counterproposals, 179
        • Japanese counterproposals to draft resolution and statement of reasons of Dec. 20, 1932, Committee’s consideration and rejection of (see also Correspondence, supra), 15–16, 46, 95–97, 109–111, 117, 118–119, 121–122, 144–145, 146–148, 149–152, 158–159, 161–164, 174–176, 177, 189–190
        • Nonrecognition of “Manchoukuo”, recommendations for (see also Japanese counterproposals, supra): Discussions, 149–152, 161; U. S. views, 46, 152–154
        • Report under art 15, par. 4 draft text:
          • Adoption by Assembly, 205–208; addenda, 205, 208
          • China: Acceptance, 206; position concerning, 128–129, 198
          • Japan: Nonacceptance, 206, 207; observations, 190, 198
          • Negotiations committee, proposal for, 168, 169, 187, 191, 192, 205
          • Preparation of, 117, 119, 121–122, 137–139, 149–152, 157, 168, 169–170, 175, 179–180, 206
          • Views of France, 27, 93; of Great Britain, 64–65; of United States, 186–187, 210–211
      • Japanese withdrawal, 93, 121, 185, 190–191, 195, 207–208, 253, 257–258, 264, 275, 441–442; Chinese statement concerning, 258–260
      • Jehol, discussions regarding and condemnation of Japanese actions in, 161, 163–164, 174–175, 192, 193
      • Mexico, policy of, 106, 212–213
      • Nonrecognition of and noncooperation with “Manchoukuo”. See under Advisory Committee and under Failure of conciliation proceedings, supra.
      • Resolution, Feb. 24, 208–209, 210
      • Sanctions:
        • Possible use of, discussions, 148, 150, 152, 168
        • U. S. attitude, 152, 153–154, 196; statement by President Hoover, text, 209–210
      • Tangku armistice, Southwest Political Council protest to League regarding, 334–336, 362–363; reply of Chinese Government, 339
      • U. S. cooperation:
        • Advisory Committee. See Advisory Committee: U. S. cooperation, supra.
        • Exchange of views with League and League officials, 48–49, 54–56, 56–57, 61–64, 64, 64–65, 86–87, 88–89, 92–93, 104, 144–145, 152–154, 157, 190–191, 197, 286
        • Nonassumption or responsibility for solution of dispute, and desire for League initiative, 17, 27, 27–28, 59–61, 62–64, 105–106, 154, 186, 187, 260–261, 265, 327–328
        • Report under art. 15, par. 4, U. S. attitude, 186–187, 210–211
        • Sanctions, U. S. attitude concerning, 152, 153–154; statement by President Hoover, text, 209–210
      • Withdrawal of—
        • China, intimations of possibility, 115–116, 128–129; denial of rumor, 23
        • Japan, 93, 121, 185, 190–191, 195, 207–208, 253, 257–258, 264, 275, 441–442, 752; Chinese statement concerning, 258–260
    • Manchuria:
      • Annexation by Japan, Japanese attitude concerning, 312–313
      • Bandit and guerrilla activities (see also Kidnapping, infra):
        • Action by Japanese armed forces against, 20–21, 45, 51, 86, 87, 304, 383–385; agreement with Soviet Russia concerning, 9, 20
        • Atrocity at Fushun, information concerning, 176–177
        • Su Ping-wen, Soviet refusal to surrender to Japan, 68, 262–263
      • Chahar: Feng Yü-hsiang, independent anti-Japanese forces of, 360, 379, 380–382, 392; Japanese threats against independence of, 278–279, 336, 378; National Salvation and Defense Association, telegram to all public bodies and organizations of China pledging support in defense of Jehol, 194–195
      • Chinese Eastern Railway. See under “Manchoukuo”, infra.
      • Claims of American citizens for damages resulting from military action: Procedure for handling, 421; settlement by Commission for Liquidation of Claims, report of, 477; solicitude of present authorities in settlement of, U. S. comment to Chinese Government concerning, 642
      • Economic development, railway and highway construction, under Japanese Army control, report on, 166–167, 385–386
      • Jehol. See under North China, infra.
      • Kidnapping by bandits of Dr. Niels Nielsen, American citizen, and assistance of Japanese authorities in obtaining his release, 718–732; interest of Danish Government, 710–720, 722–723, 724, 724–725, 727
      • Kwantung Army, nonobservance of orders of Minister of War in occupation of Manchuria, 342–343
      • “Manchoukuo”:
        • Chinese Eastern Railway:
          • Russo - “Manchoukuo” dispute and implication of Japan in alleged actions in contravention of treaties, 273–274, 282, 283–284, 295, 296–297, 304–305, 316–317, 333–334, 351, 406, 409, 411, 413–414, 418–419, 422–423, 428–429, 433, 434–436
          • Sale by Soviet Union to “Manchoukuo”:
            • Chinese protest against, and Russian position, 308, 316, 317–318, 329–330, 331, 340–347, 377; Southwest Political Council, protest, 332
            • Negotiations at Tokyo for, 229, 295, 316, 334, 367–369, 370–377, 409, 411, 415, 426, 464, 484
        • Currency, U. S. policy on, correspondence of State Department with Treasury Department and Federal Reserve Board concerning, 407–408
        • Establishment in Paris of a central mission for Europe to secure diplomatic recognition and financial assistance, 43
        • Extraterritorial rights, policy on, 313
        • French investments in, proposed, reports and investigations concerning, 400–401, 403, 438–439
        • Hulutao military harbor, Japanese seizure of, 154
        • Loan by Japanese banking syndicate, question of possible violation of China Consortium Agreement, 19, 129
        • Monarchy, movement for establishment under Pu-yi, 65–67, 452, 487
        • Navy, Japanese denial of reported construction of, 254
        • Nonrecognition policy toward:
          • Chinese attitude toward, 100–101, 117–118, 120–121, 143, 412
          • League of Nations. See League of Nations: Nonrecognition of and noncooperation with “Manchoukuo”, supra.
          • United States (see also League of Nations: Advisory Committee: U. S. cooperation: Nonrecognition and noncooperation with “Manchoukuo”, supra):
            • Chinese desire for reaffirmation of policy of, 27–29, 51–52, 57–58, 50, 326, 453–454, 470–471
            • Position of, discussions concerning, 16–17, 46–47, 152–154, 184, 209–210, 485–487
            • Relations with de facto officials, 314, 380, 421, 485, 486; status of Consuls, 319, 321, 333
            • Roosevelt, Franklin D.:
              • Approval of unchanged American policy, 53; Chinese desire for declaration concerning, 28, 29
              • Statement, Jan. 17, on up-holding treaties, 102
            • Views of American business-men in Manchuria concerning, 486–487
      • Oil monopoly:
        • Discrimination in levying of customs duties on foreign oil: Oral representations to local authorities, U. S. authorization for, 741, 744–745; U. S.-British consultations concerning possible joint representations, 741–742, 744, 745
        • Establishment of, information concerning plans for, 734–739, 741–745
        • Japanese efforts to obtain information regarding trade and organization of U. S. and other foreign oil companies, 742–743
        • Socony - Vacuum Corp., 741, 742–743
        • Texas Co., 741, 743
      • Open-door policy (see also Oil monopoly, supra): [Page 790]
        • Economic relations with Japan, effect on American and other foreign trade, 166–167, 428, 443, 738
        • Recognition: Favorable treatment for countries granting, proposed, 304, 313; possible effect on American business interests, 486–487
      • Opium:
        • Monopoly, establishment of, 130–133, 323–324; U. S. attitude concerning, 130–133
        • Recognition of import licenses for, recommendations of League of Nations Advisory Committee concerning, 303, 306, 309, 312, 316, 350–351, 351–352, 355, 356–357, 478–479; U. S. attitude, 306, 309, 316, 355, 478–479
    • Pu-yi (Hsuan-tung), 160, 188, 358, 487
    • Rea, George Bronson, explanation of position as counselor for, 408–410
    • Recognition, questions concerning. See Nonrecognition policy, supra.
    • Treaty with Japan, secret, rumors of, 263, 266
  • Mongolia, Japanese ambitions concerning, 114, 278–279, 334, 378, 414, 424
  • Railways:
    • Chinese Eastern Railway. See under “Manchoukuo”, supra.
    • South Manchuria Railway, influence upon Japanese military occupation of Manchuria, 247–251, 369
  • Soviet Union:
    • Bandit suppression: Agreement with Japan concerning, 9, 20; refusal to surrender Gen. Su Ping-wen to Japan, 68, 262–263
    • Chinese Eastern Railway. See under “Manchoukuo”, supra.
    • Hostilities with Japan, possibility of (see also “Manchoukuo”: Chinese Eastern Rail way: Russo-“Manchoukuo” dispute, supra), 21, 68–70, 196, 229, 360, 372–373, 377, 378, 387, 412–416, 421–427, 434–438, 441–442, 445, 451–452, 458–463, 483–484
    • Tinkham, George H. (member U. S. House of Representatives), visit to Manchuria and Jehol, 401–402
  • North China, extension of hostilities to:
    • Boxer Protocol of 1901, alleged Japanese abuse of rights under:
      • Chinese memorandum to United States concerning, and informal proposal for representations to Japan by the signatory powers: Discussions, 26, 44, 52, 58, 82–85, 92, 98–99, 113–114, 125, 289; text of memorandum, 44
      • France, discussions with United States concerning, 29–30, 58
      • Great Britain, proposal for and consultations with United States concerning friendly representations to Japan by signatory powers, 122–123, 135, 140–141, 142, 145–146, 216–217
      • U. S. statement of policy, 82–85
      • Troops, international, U. S. views concerning possible involvement of, 29–30, 64, 93–94, 93–99, 281
      • Violation by Chinese troops at Tientsin, Japanese countercharges of, 223, 225, 235, 236, 236–237
    • Chang Hsueh-liang: Japanese efforts to secure withdrawal from Jehol, 182, 183, 185, 189, 201–202, 211–212, 216, 230; resignation and departure from China, 230–231, 242, 243, 490–491; statement of necessity for continued hostilities, 42
    • Jehol (see also under Military operations, infra), League of Nations discussions and condemnation of Japanese actions in, 161, 163–164, 174–175, 192, 193, 208
    • Military operations:
      • Canton faction, policy of resistance toward Japanese aggression: Military conference, 140; Southwest Political Council, protest to National Government, 101, 332
      • Chinese independent and irregular forces: Fang Cheng-wu, 404, 405, 406–407, 411; Feng Yu-hsiang, 360, 379, 380–382, 392; Li Chi-chun, 280, 282, 310, 354, 363–364, 366–367, 369, 370
      • Chinwangtao, 16, 52–53, 168; British representations to China and Japan concerning, 16
      • Conferences of Chinese military leaders, 226, 235, 254, 256
      • Japanese penetration south of Great Wall, and fight for northern passes, 189, 196, 211–212, 213–214, 230, 231, 236, 242–243, 244, 251, 254–255, 263, 265–266, 268, 269, 273, 274, 276, 277, 277–278, 280, 282, 283, 284, 285, 289–290, 291, 292–293, 296, 297, 305, 307–308, 310–311, 320–321, 322, 331, 332, 332–333, 334, 336, 337–338, 339–340, 343, 344, 348
      • Jehol, 50, 51, 69–70, 88, 99–100, 114–115, 128, 133–134, 137, 142–143, 144, 154, 165, 181, 182–183, 184–185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 193–195, 196, 197, 201–204, 211–212, 215, 216, 222, 223, 224, 226, 235, 242–243, 251, 379, 490
      • Shanhaikwan: Attack and occupation by Japanese forces, 1–8, 9–12, 14–15, 16, 21–22, 24, 25, 70–81, 114, 125–127, 168, 490; failure of British attempt at mediation, 23–24, 25, 25–26, 30, 44–45, 49–50, 52, 56, 61, 65, 78–80, 82, 87–88, 89, 112, 123–124, 168
      • Tientsin, 52–53, 77–78, 100, 112, 223, 225, 235, 236, 236–237, 245–246, 333, 344
    • National Defense Council, measures regarding military and political problems, 256, 262
    • Negotiations for cessation of hostilities:
      • Compromise, Japanese proposals for: Alleged role of Tuan Chi-jui in regard to, 120, 121, 124, 127–128, 129, 134–135, 139–140, 144; Chinese refusal to consider, 136–137, 228, 234–235, 242, 243, 255, 266, 274, 292, 296
      • Mediation of foreign powers (see also Military operations: Shanhaikwan: Failure of British attempt at mediation, supra):
        • France, views, 301–302
        • Great Britain (see also Military operations: Shanhaikwan: Failure of British attempt at mediation, supra), 287–288, 289, 293, 295–296, 303
        • United States, views, 134–135, 279, 289, 290, 291, 293–294, 301–302, 318–319, 327–329
      • Sino-“Manchoukuo” border problems concerning customs, postal facilities, railway connections, etc., Sino-Japanese discussions at Peiping for settlement of, 442, 443, 445, 447, 450, 450–451, 452, 454, 457–458, 468, 485, 491
      • Tangku armistice:
        • Agreement of May 31: Negotiations, 305, 322, 331, 332, 337, 340, 341, 343, 344, 347; signature, 349; terms, 349–350, 352–353, 357
        • Chinese resumption of control in evacuated area in accordance with terms of truce agreement, 354–355, 363–364, 369–371, 382, 404, 405, 406–407, 411, 412, 416–417, 445; violation of truce by forces of Gen. Fang Chen-wu and Gen. Chi Hung-chang, 404, 405, 406–407, 411
        • Japanese public opinion concerning, 357–359
        • Southwest Political Council:
          • Attitude, 334–336, 348, 349, 362–363, 367
          • Protests to League of Nations and signatories of Nine-Power Treaty, 334–336, 362–363; reply of Chinese Government, 339
        • Sun Fo, observations concerning, 359–360
        • Wang Ching-wei, statement concerning, 353–354
    • Peiping, proposal for neutralization of, 58, 85–86, 99, 112, 341
    • Protection of American and other foreign lives and property:
      • Arrangements concerning, 80, 85, 86, 321–322, 325, 338
      • Missionaries and mission property: Chinese notification of temporary use of American mission property at Peitaiho for defense works, 213; Japanese bombing of American mission property, U. S. representations regarding, and Japanese expressions of regret, 244, 246, 255, 256–257, 264, 267–268, 270–271, 277, 280, 302; Minns, Harriet, report of safety of, 224
  • Proposals and suggestions for solution of dispute:
    • Conciliation negotiations. See League of Nations: Failure of conciliation proceedings, supra.
    • Conference, round table, Chinese denial of reported British proposal for, 148
    • Direct negotiations: Japanese desire for, 16, 61–62, 145, 162–163; policy of Chinese Government of complete abstention from, deviations from, 404–405, 419–421, 444, 446–449, 450–452, 452–455, 470–477, 488–490, 492–493
    • Intervention by force of foreign powers, views of U. S. official concerning, 43
    • Negotiations for cessation of hostilities in North China. See under North China, supra.
    • Tangku armistice. See under North China: Negotiations, supra.
  • Protection of American and other foreign lives and property. See Manchuria: Kidnapping, and North China: Protection, supra.
  • Shanhaikwan. See under North China: Military operations, supra.
  • Shanghai:
    • Chinese troop movements in, Japanese interest in reaffirmation of decision of Joint Commission concerning, 251–253
    • Claims of American citizens for damages resulting from military action:
      • Japan: Attitude concerning claims of Socony-Vacuum Corp., 273; proposed statement of policy concerning, 374–575
      • Socony-Vacuum Corp., claims of: Chinese attitude concerning, 272–273; Japanese attitude, 273
      • Japanese aggressive actions in, 392–400, 417, 434; U. S. attitude concerning, 417, 434
      • U. S. armed forces, U. S. policy concerning use of, 297–300
  • Southwest Political Council:
    • Ban on entry of goods from “Manchoukuo” into South China, 363
    • Chinese Eastern Railway, protest against proposed sale of, 332
    • Resistance to Japan, proposed, 101, 332
    • Tangku armistice:
      • Attitude toward, 334–336, 348, 349, 362–363, 367
      • Protests to League of Nations and signatories of Nine-Power Treaty, 334–336, 362–363; reply of Chinese Government, 339
  • Treaties: Franco-Japanese agreement of 1907 concerning the Far East, 12–13; Kellogg-Briand pact, allusions to, 173, 227, 256, 259, 464, 470; Nine-Power Treaty, allusions to, 173, 227, 256, 259, 290, 334, 335, 336, 470, 514; Sino-Japanese treaty concerning Manchuria (1915), 388; Sino-Russian agreements of 1924, 308, 329–330, 334; U. S.-Korean treaty of peace, amity, commerce, and navigation (1882), 159
  • United States (see also U. S. citizens, U. S. commercial interests, U. S. military and naval forces, infra):
    • Arms and munitions (see also Arms embargo, infra): Chinese desire to obtain from, 39, 41–42; Japanese press reports of alleged American military aid to China, and U. S. denial, 81–82, 97–98, 102, 388
    • Arms embargo (see also League of Nations: Advisory Committee: Arms embargo question, supra): British proposal, views on, 204–205, 231–232, 233; Congressional resolution for, status of, 197–198, 204–205, 214, 221, 231–232, 233
    • Boycott, anti-American, by China in 1905, memorandum with regard to alleged use of American naval forces in connection with, 31–39
    • Cooperation with League of Nations. See League of Nations: U. S. cooperation, supra.
    • Discussions with—
      • Belgium, 16–17, 103–104, 214
      • Canada, 187
      • China, 27–29, 51–52, 57–58, 59, 173–174, 220–221, 243–244, 261–262, 269, 325–326, 371–372, 446–450, 452–455, 470–471, 472, 476–477
      • Denmark, 184
      • France, 29–30, 58, 59–61, 98–99, 292, 301–302
      • Great Britain, 54–57, 64–65, 88–90, 180–187, 197, 370–871
      • Italy, 314
      • Japan, 45–48, 181–183, 284, 312–314, 467–468
      • Mexico, 106
      • Netherlands, 479–482
      • Soviet Union, 463–465
    • Nonrecognition of “Manchoukuo”, policy of:
      • Chinese desire for reaffirmation of, 27–29, 51–52, 57–58, 59, 326, 453–454, 470–471
      • Discussions concerning, 16–17, 46–47, 184, 484–487
      • League of Nations. See League of Nations: Advisory Committee: U. S. cooperation, supra.
      • Relations with de facto officials, 314, 379–380, 421, 485, 486; status of U. S. Consuls in Manchuria, 319, 321, 333
      • Roosevelt, Franklin D. (President-elect):
        • Approval of, 53; Chinese desire for declaration concerning, 28, 29
        • Statement, Jan. 17, on upholding treaties, text, 102
      • Views of American businessmen in Manchuria concerning, 486–487
    • North China:
      • Boxer Protocol of 1901, alleged Japanese abuse of rights under:
        • Chinese memorandum to United States concerning, and informal proposal for representations to Japan by the signatory powers: Discussions, 26, 44, 52, 58, 82–85, 92, 98–99, 113–114, 125, 289; text of memorandum, 44
        • France, discussions with United States concerning, 29–30, 58
        • Great Britain, proposal for and consultations with United States concerning friendly representations to Japan by signatory powers, 122–123, 135–136, 141, 142, 145–146, 216–217
        • Statement of policy, 82–85
        • Troops, international, views concerning question of involvement of, 29–30, 64, 93–94, 98–99, 281
    • Negotiations for cessation of hostilities, views concerning mediation of foreign powers, 134–135, 279, 289, 290, 291, 293–294, 301–302, 318–319, 327–329
    • Sanctions, views concerning, 152, 153–154; statement by President Hoover, text, 209–210
    • Tinkham, George H. (member House of Representatives), visit to Manchuria and Jehol, 401–402
    • Treaty of peace, amity, commerce, and navigation, U. S.-Korean (1882), 159
  • U. S. citizens:
    • Manchuria, kidnapping by bandits of Dr. Niels Nielsen, and assistance of Japanese authorities in obtaining his release, 718–732; interest of Danish Government, 719–720, 722–723, 724, 724–725, 727
    • North China, protection of American and other foreign lives and property:
      • Arrangements concerning, 80, 85, 86, 321–322, 325, 338
      • Missionaries and mission property: Chinese notification of temporary use of American mission property at Peitaiho for defense works, 213; Japanese bombing of American mission property, U. S. representations regarding and Japanese expressions of regret, 244, 246, 255, 256–257, 264, 267–268, 270–271, 277, 280, 302; Minns, Harriet, report of safety of, 224
    • Rea, George Bronson, explanation of position as counselor for “Manchoukuo”, 408–410
  • U. S. commercial interests:
    • Claims of American citizens for damages resulting from military action: [Page 794]
      • Manchuria: Procedure for handling, 421; settlement by Commission for Liquidation of Claims, report of, 477; solicitude of present authorities in settlement of, U. S. comment to Chinese Government concerning, 642
      • Shanghai:
        • Japan: Attitude concerning claims of Socony-Vacuum; Corp., 273; proposed statement of policy concerning, 374–375
        • Socony-Vacuum Corp., claims of: Chinese attitude concerning, 272–273; Japanese attitude, 273
    • Discrimination against American trade. See under Oil monopoly, infra.
    • National City Bank, 486
    • Oil monopoly in Manchuria:
      • Discrimination in levying of customs duties on foreign oil: Oral representations to local authorities, U. S. authorization for, 741, 744–745; U. S. British consultations concerning possible joint representations, 741–742, 744, 745
      • Japanese efforts to obtain information regarding trade and organization of U. S. and other foreign oil companies, 742–743
    • Socony-Vacuum Corp., 272–273, 486, 741, 742–743
    • Standard Oil Co., 573, 588, 627
    • Texas Co., 741, 743
  • U. S. military and naval forces:
    • Employment of American Army officers by Chinese Government, Japanese allegations and U. S. denial concerning, 94–95, 104–105, 182
    • North China conflict, views concerning question of involvement of international troops, 29–30, 64, 93–94, 98–99, 281
    • Shanghai, review of policy concerning use of American armed forces at, 297–300
    • U. S. Fleet: Position in Pacific, Japanese attitude concerning, 181; transfer to Atlantic, 449
• Socony-Vacuum Corp., 272–273, 486, 528, 540–541, 569, 574, 575, 581, 626, 741, 742–743
• Soong, T. V. See under China: Political situation.
• Soviet Union (see also under China: Foreign powers; Japan and Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers):
  • Disarmament Conference, views on, 463–464
  • United States:
    • Discussion of Sino-Japanese dispute, 463–464
    • Japanese allegations of secret Sino-Russian-U. S. understanding, 182, 463
    • Nonaggression pact, Russian suggestion for, 464
    • Recognition of Soviet Government, 229–230, 465, 495; Japanese attitude, 377–378, 463, 475–476, 709
• Standard Oil Co., 573, 588, 627
• Su Ping-wen, Russian refusal to surrender to Japan, 68, 262–263
• Tariff, Chinese import, Japanese position concerning, 448
• Taxation. See under China.
• Texas Co., 549–550, 551, 554, 600–601, 601, 602, 741, 743
• Tinkham, George H. (member U. S. House of Representatives), visit to Manchuria and Jehol, 401–402
• Treaties, conventions, etc. (see also under China, Japan, and Sino-Japanese dispute):
  • Hague Opium Convention of 1912, 130, 309, 478, 479
  • London Naval Treaty of 1930, 707, 711, 712
  • Opium Agreement signed at Geneva Feb. 11, 1925, 130, 131, 309, 355, 478
  • U. S.-Siam, treaty of friendship and commerce (1921), proposed revision of, 767–771
  • Versailles (1919), 320, 749
  • Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, 229, 254, 442, 707
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union.
• U. S. citizens. See under China and Sino-Japanese dispute.
• U. S. commercial interests. See Japan: Protection; and under China and Sino-Japanese dispute.
• U. S. military and naval forces. See under China and Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Versailles, treaty of (1919), 320, 749
• Wang Ching-wei. See under China: Political situation.
• Wolfram monopoly, U. S. representations to Chinese Government against, 472, 593–598
• Yangtze Rapid Steamship Co., 537–538, 539, 540–541