Foreign Relations of the United States Diplomatic Papers,
1933, The Far East, Volume III
Index
- Agreements. See
Treaties, conventions, etc.
- Aleutian Islands, visits of Japanese ship to ports, 753–754
- Andersen, Meyer & Co., 637, 639, 650, 651–652, 652
- Armaments. See
Japan: Naval
armament.
- Arms and munitions. See under
China
and
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Arms embargo. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Aviation. See under
China.
- Baldwin Locomotive Co., 650, 651–652, 652
- Bandit activities. See
China: Banditry
and
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: Bandit and guerrilla
activities.
- Belgium, discussions with United States concerning Far Eastern situation,
16–17, 103–104, 214
- Boxer indemnity payments. See under
China: Claims.
- Boxer Protocol of 1901 See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: North
China.
- Boycotts. See under
China
and
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Brazil. See
China: Shanghai International
Settlement.
- Canada, discussion with United States concerning Far Eastern situation,
187
- Canton: Desire for assistance of American business interests in
development of industry, 471–472; restrictions by Cantonese authorities upon
the importation and sale of liquid fuel by foreign companies, American and
British representations against, 569–593, 653
- Canton faction. See under
China: Political
situation.
- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 156–157
- Censorship restrictions upon exhibition of American motion pictures in
China, 694–698
- Chang Hsueh-liang. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: North
China.
- Chiang Kai-shek. See under
China: Political
situation.
- China (see also
Sino-Japanese dispute), 1–493
passim, 494–699
- Arms and munitions (including military aircraft),
export to China (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute), 559–566
- Furnishing to Fukien insurrectionists by foreign powers,
request of Chinese Government concerning, 566
- Restrictions governing entry into and transit through
Indo-China, information concerning, 562
- United States: Military forces in China and importation of
supplies for, Chinese request for information concerning,
and U. S. reply, 565–566; policy concerning, 559–562, 563–565
- Arms embargo. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Aviation (see also
Arms and munitions, supra):
- Air force review, 455
- Italy: Instructors in Chinese Government aviation school,
285, 456; purchase of Italian airplanes by China, 285
- United States: Instructors in Chinese Government aviation
school, 94–95, 104–105, 285, 300–301, 455–456, 606; nonadmittance of Chinese
students to courses in military aviation in schools
conducted by U. S. Government, 605–606; Pan American
Airways, U. S. good offices in establishment of
Shanghai-Canton line, 603–605
- Banditry and looting (see also
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: Bandit and guerrilla
activities), U. S. position concerning presentation of
claims arising from, 635–636
- Boxer indemnity payments. See under
Claims, infra.
- Boxer Protocol See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: North China.
- Boycott (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute) against Yangtze
Rapid Steamship Co. for refusal to transport Chinese Government
troops, 537–538, 539, 540–541
- Canton: Desire for assistance of American business interests in
development of industry, 471–472; restrictions imposed by Cantonese
authorities upon the sale of liquid fuel by foreign companies,
American and British representations against, 569–593, 653
- Canton faction. See under
Political situation, infra.
- Censorship restrictions upon exhibition of American
motion pictures in China, 694–698
- Chang Hsueh-liang. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: North China.
- Chen, Eugene, 256, 466, 468
- Chiang Kai-shek. See under
Political situation, infra.
- Chinese Eastern Railway. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
- Claims (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria, and
Sino-Japanese dispute: Shanghai), 628–678
- American claims outstanding against China
(see also
Boxer indemnity payments
and
Railway loans: Hukuang Railway
loan of 1911, infra): Chinese
Maritime Customs loan agreement with Bank of Indo-China, U.
S. position concerning, 629–631, 632–633; Chinese
railway loans, efforts to obtain equitable treatment for
American creditors, 636, 637, 638–639, 640–642, 643, 648, 650–652, 653, 655–656; presentation
of claims for losses arising from looting or banditry, U. S.
position concerning, 635–636; U. S. insistence on
constructive action by Chinese Government toward adjustment
and final settlement, 628–629, 631–632, 633–635, 636, 637–638, 639, 640–642, 643–645, 653, 657–659
- Boxer indemnity payments to United States,
Great Britain, and Italy, Chinese request for further
postponement of:
- China Foundation and other educational and
cultural agencies, provision for, 660, 661, 664, 666, 674
- Explanation of request for postponement, 660, 662–663, 666, 667
- Great Britain: Arrears in payment of British
portion, 636–637, 676, 678;
rejection, discussions, and joint action with United
States concerning, 662,
663, 664, 665–666, 666, 667, 669, 670
- Italy: Payment of Italian portion, 636, 672, 673, 675, 676, 677, 678; rejection,
discussions, and joint action with United States
concerning, 663, 664, 666, 667, 669, 670
- United States:
- Alteration in date of 1932–33 payments, understanding concerning,
676–677
- Arrears in payment of U. S. portion, 670, 671–672, 674–675, 675–676, 677, 678
- Rejection: Consultations and joint action
with British and Italian colleagues, 660–661, 663, 664, 665, 665–666, 666, 666–667, 667, 670, 673; correspondence and
discussions with Chinese officials, 660, 661–662, 662–663, 664, 666, 667, 669–670, 671, 672–675; statement of views,
668–669
- Railway loans: Agreement between Ministry of
Railways and British creditors of Tientsin-Pukow Railway,
636, 637, 638, 639, 641, 643, 651; Hukuang Railway loan of 1911, proposed British, French, and
U. S. joint representations regarding servicing of, 646–647, 648–650, 654–655, 656
- Communism. See
Political situation: Communist activities, and
Protection of American and other foreign
lives, infra.
- Courts. See under
Shanghai International Settlement, infra.
- Customs (see also
Liquid fuel, infra): Denial to American firms of right to formal hearing
under Chinese Customs rules of 1868, U. S.
protest regarding, 626–628; examination by Customs authorities
of books of American firms, 621–622; Japanese position regarding Chinese
import tariff, 448; Maritime Customs
loan agreement with Bank of Indo-China, U. S. position concerning,
629–631,
632–633
- Diplomatic and consular relations: Disinclination of
U. S. Government to raise its Legation in China to the status of an
embassy, 698–699; possibility of severance of diplomatic relations
with Japan, 23, 186, 221
- Economic reconstruction, proposed international
collaboration for, 494–524
- China Consortium, refusal of members to
participate in proposed consultative committee, 505–506, 508
- Committees. See
Consultative committee
and
League of Nations special
committee, infra.
- Consultative committee of foreign technical
experts, proposal of T. V. Soong for:
- China Consortium, refusal of members to
participate, 505–506, 508
- Invitation to foreign governments: Draft text,
496–497; transmittal letter,
495–496
- Japanese objections, 502, 505–506, 508, 512–513
- U. S. consideration of, 494–495, 495–497, 501–502
- French-U. S. discussions, 506–507
- Japan:
- Objections concerning—
- Consultative committee of foreign technical
experts, proposed, 502, 505–506, 508, 512–513
- League of Nations special committee on
technical collaboration with China, 502–503, 504–505, 507, 508, 509, 513, 517, 524
- Possible adverse effect on settlement of
Sino-Japanese dispute, 503, 508–511, 514
- Rajchman, Ludwig W., 494, 502, 509
- U. S.-Japanese discussions concerning unfavorable
Japanese attitude, 502–505, 508, 512–514, 515
- League of Nations special committee on
technical collaboration with China:
- First meeting in Paris, 497–498, 498–499, 500, 501, 518
- Japanese objections concerning, 502–503, 504–505, 507, 508, 509, 513, 517, 524
- National Economic Council, constitution as Chinese
agency of cooperation, 520, 521–523
- Rajchman, Ludwig W., technical liaison officer,
501, 518, 519, 521–523
- U. S. cooperation: Nomination of an American
citizen as agricultural expert for China, League
proposal for, 515–517; representation at
first meeting at Paris, League request for, and
appointment of U. S. unofficial observer, 497–501, 518
- National Economic Council, 520, 521–523
- Rajchman, Ludwig W.: Appointment as League of Nations
technical liaison officer, 501,
518, 519, 521–523; possibility of Japanese
objections, 494, 502, 509
- Sino-Japanese dispute, Japanese fears concerning possible
adverse effect on settlement of, 503, 508–511, 514
- Soong, T. V. See
Consultative committee, supra.
- United States:
- Consultative committee of foreign technical
experts, consideration of Chinese proposal for, 494–495, 495–497, 501–502
- Discussions with—
- League of Nations special committee on technical
collaboration with China, cooperation with:
Nomination of an American citizen as agricultural
expert for China, League proposal for, 515–517; representation at first meeting in
Paris, League request for, and appointment of U. S.
unofficial observer, 497–501, 518
- Ekvall, Henry, murder of, U. S. representations to Chinese
Government concerning, 525–526, 528,
529, 542, 543, 653
- Evacuation of Americans and other foreigners from
places of danger: Fukien, 477, 529, 580,
531, 532, 534, 545, 547, 556, 556–557, 557–558; Szechwan, 534, 538
- Extraterritorial rights. See
Jurisdiction over U. S. citizens, Liquid fuel, and
Shanghai International Settlement, infra.
- Financial situation (see also
Claims, supra, and
Loans, infra),
fiscal questions, 446–447, 521
- Foreign powers (see also
under
Sino-Japanese dispute):
- Arms and munitions. See
Arms and munitions, supra.
- Brazil. See
Shanghai International Settlement,
infra.
- Evacuation. See
Evacuation, supra.
- Extraterritorial rights. See
Jurisdiction over U. S. citizens,
Liquid fuel, and
Shanghai International Settlement,
infra.
- France (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers): Economic reconstruction of China,
U. S.-French discussions concerning, 506–507; Hukuang
Railway loan of 1911, proposed
British, French, and U. S. joint representations regarding
servicing of, 646–647, 648–650, 654–655, 656; press
restrictions, registration of foreign publications under
Chinese press law, French position concerning, 686–687, 688, 693; Shanghai International
Settlement, agreement of Feb. 17,
1930, relating to Chinese courts, extension of
duration of, 619; Sino-French
treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation (1858), cited, 594, 597
- Germany: Furnishing of munitions to China, Japanese claims
of and German denial, 97, 103; military advisers in China,
41, 103, 320
- Great Britain (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers):
- Claims:
- Boxer indemnity payments: Arrears in payment
of British portion, 636–637, 676, 678; Chinese proposal for postponement of,
discussions and joint action with United States
concerning, 662, 663, 664, 665–666, 666, 667, 669, 670, 673
- Railway loans: Agreement between Ministry of
Railways and British creditors of Tientsin-Pukow
Railway, 636, 637, 638, 639, 641, 643, 651;
Hukuang Railway loan of 1911, proposed British, French, and U. S.
joint representations regarding servicing of, 646–647, 648–650, 654–655, 656
- Evacuation of British citizens from places of
danger, plans for, 545,
557
- Liquid fuel, restrictions by Cantonese authorities
upon the importation and sale by foreign companies,
U. S. and British representations against, 569–593
- Merchant vessels, attitude concerning blockade and
search by Chinese Government, 545, 546–547, 547–548, 548, 549, 550, 551, 556; concerning transport of Chinese
Government troops, 534,
535, 535–536, 539, 540, 544
- Press restrictions, British position on
registration of foreign publications under Chinese
press law, 685–686, 687–688, 689, 690, 691, 692–693
- Shanghai International Settlement: Extension of
duration of agreement of Feb. 17,
1930, relating to Chinese courts, 616, 617–619, 619; extra-Settlement
roads, participation in efforts of interested powers
to reach agreement concerning, 612–613, 614, 615–616
- Taxation, attitude concerning payment of foreshore
property regulations, 600
- Treaty of Tientsin (1858),
proposed revision of, 568
- Italy (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers):
- Aviation: Italian aviation instructors in China,
285, 456; purchase of Italian
airplanes by China, 285
- Claims, Boxer indemnity payments, Chinese proposal
for postponement of, discussions and joint action
with United States, 663,
664, 666, 667, 669, 670; payment of Italian
portion, 636, 672, 673, 675, 676, 677, 678
- Japan (see also under
Economic reconstruction, supra):
- Customs tariff, position concerning, 448
- Independent and anti-Chiang Kai-shek movements,
attitude toward, 285,
467, 468, 469–470, 484, 488
- Loans, insistence on Chinese repayment of, 448–449, 511
- Merchant vessels, attitude concerning blockade and
search by Chinese Government, 547
- Press restrictions, position concerning
registration of foreign publications under Chinese
press law, 686–687, 688, 693
- Shanghai International Settlement: Extension of
duration of agreement of Feb. 17,
1930, concerning Chinese courts, attitude
concerning, 620–621; extra-Settlement
roads, participation in efforts of interested powers
to reach an agreement concerning, 611–612, 613, 613–614, 614
- Netherlands (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers): Protest against
restrictions imposed by Cantonese authorities upon the sale
of liquid fuel by foreign companies, 592; Shanghai International Settlement, extension
of duration of agreement of Feb. 17,
1930, concerning Chinese courts, 619
- Norway, extension of duration of agreement of Feb. 17, 1930, concerning Chinese
courts in Shanghai International Settlement, 619
- Protection of American and other foreign lives and
property. See
Protection, infra.
- Soviet Union (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers): Sino-Russian
non-aggression pact, proposed, Chinese insistence on
nonrecognition clause, 331, 452; withdrawal of American guard
from Peiping Legation wall upon reoccupation of property by
Soviet Embassy, 373–374
- Taxation. See
Taxation, infra.
- Treaties and agreements with China. See
Treaties, infra.
- United States (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute; also the following, supra:
Arms and munitions, Aviation, Claims, Customs, Diplomatic and consular relations,
Economic reconstruction, Extraterritorial rights; and the following, infra:
Jurisdiction, Liquid fuel, Loans,
Patents, Press restrictions, Protection, Shanghai
International Settlement, Taxation, Treaties,
U. S. citizens, U. S. commercial interests, U. S. military and naval forces):
Review by American Minister of events in China during 1933, 491–493; withdrawal
of American guard from Peiping Legation wall upon
reoccupation of property by Soviet Embassy, 373–374
- Jurisdiction over U. S. citizens in China, question
of application of Chinese jurisdiction with regard to—
- American schools established in China by American
missionary organizations, 607–610
- Enforcement of Chinese interprovincial motor vehicle
traffic regulations with regard to American citizens, 623–626
- Examination by Customs authorities of books of American
firms, 622–623
- Inspection of American factories, 621–622
- Kidnapping and reported death of Rev. Bert Nelson, further U. S.
inquiries concerning, 526–527, 558
- Kuomintang, 170–174, 339, 491–493
- Liquid fuel, restrictions by Cantonese authorities
upon importation and sale by foreign companies, U. S. and British
representations against, 569–593, 653;
loss of extraterritorial rights, question of, 581
- Loans (see also the following
under
Claims, supra:
American claims
and
Railway loans: Hukuang Railway loan):
Japanese insistence upon repayment by China, 448–449, 511; U. S. wheat and cotton, 366, 488,
491, 493, 503–504, 504, 508, 509–511, 646,
649, 650
- Military advisers, German, in China, 41, 103, 320
- Missionaries and mission property (see also
under
Sino-Japanese dispute: North China: Protection, and under
Protection, infra),
American schools established in China by American missionaries,
question of Chinese jurisdiction over, 607–610
- Monopoly. See
Wolfram monopoly, infra.
- Murder of American citizens in China. See
under
Protection: U. S.
representations, infra.
- National Economic Council, 520, 521–523
- Patents and trade marks, American, U. S.
representations concerning protection of, 325, 679–682
- Political situation:
- Canton faction:
- Feng Yu-hsiang, support of, 392
- Fukien independence movement, attitude toward,
472–473, 474
- Hu Han-min, opposition to Chiang Kai-shek, 348–349
- Military conference on plans for resistance to
Japanese invasion, 140
- Southwest Political Council. See
under
Sino-Japanese
dispute.
- Chen, Eugene, 256, 466, 467, 468
- Chiang Kai-shek (see also
Independent and anti-Chiang Kai-shek
movements, infra):
Dominance in Government, 170,
420, 491; negotiations with Japan, attitude
concerning, 242, 266, 420, 451, 456
- Communist activities (see
also
Independent and anti-Chiang Kai-shek
movements: Fukien
revolt: Autonomy movement, infra), 41, 172, 339, 450, 453, 468, 491, 492, 667
- Controversial attitudes among political leaders concerning
policy of resistance toward Japan: Chiang Kai-shek, 242, 266, 420, 451, 456; Kung, H. H., 262, 488; Lo Wen-kan,
242, 266, 288, 289, 291, 344, 365–367, 405, 444, 488–490; Soong, T.
V., 188, 371–372, 405, 419–421, 444, 446; Sun Fo, 404;
Wang Ching-wei, 266, 288, 292, 296, 343, 404–405, 420, 450–451, 451, 476–477
- Independent and anti-Chiang Kai-shek
movements (see also
Canton faction, supra):
- Fukien revolt: Autonomy movement
instigated by Communists and Nineteenth Route Army,
456, 457, 466–467, 468, 468–470, 473–475, 477–478, 483–484, 487–488, 488, 480–490, 491, 493; Japanese sympathetic
attitude, alleged, 469–470, 483–484, 488;
request of Chinese Government concerning furnishing
of arms and munitions to insurrectionists by foreign
powers, 566; suppression
measures, consideration by Chinese Government, 544–545, 546, 547, 548, 549–551, 554, 556
- North China: Fang Chen-wu, 404, 405, 406–407, 411; Feng
Yu-hsiang, 360, 379, 380–382, 392; LI Chi-chun, 280, 282, 310, 354, 363–364, 366–367, 369, 370
- Kung, H. H.: Appointment as Minister of Finance, 444, 446; attitude toward question of negotiations
with Japan, 262, 488; opinion regarding Fukien
movement, 474–475
- League of Nations political advisers, 523
- Lo Wen-kan: Attitude toward question of negotiations with
Japan, 242, 266, 288, 289, 291, 344, 365–367, 405, 444, 488–490; resignation as Foreign Minister and
departure on diplomatic mission to Sinkiang, 405, 444
- National Government, 170–174, 339, 491–493
- Soong, T. V. (see also
Economic reconstruction: Consultative committee, supra):
- Attitude toward question of negotiations with
Japan, 188, 371–372, 405, 419–421, 444–445, 446
- Resignation as Minister of Finance, 444, 446–447, 450, 491, 493, 522
- Visit to Europe and the United States, 294, 301, 325–326, 371–372, 506–507, 515; joint
statement with President Roosevelt, 336–337
- Sun Fo: Appointment as President of Legislative Yuan, 170; attitude toward question of
negotiations with Japan, 404
- Wang Ching-wei: Attitude toward question of negotiations
with Japan, 266, 292, 296, 343, 353–354, 404–405, 420, 450–451, 451, 476–477; resumption of duties as
President of Executive Yuan, 254, 262, 491
- Press restrictions concerning registration of
American and other foreign publications under Chinese press law,
position of France, 680–687, 688,
693; of Great Britain, 685–686, 687–688, 689, 690,
691, 692–693; of Japan, 680–687, 688, 693; of
United States, 683–693
- Protection of American and other foreign lives and
property during communist uprisings (see also
under
Sino-Japanese dispute: North China), 477, 525–558, 653
- Evacuation of Americans and other foreigners from places
of danger: Fukien, 477, 529, 530, 531, 532, 534, 545, 547, 556, 556–557, 557–558; Szechwan,
534, 538
- Kidnapping and reported death of Rev. Bert Nelson, further
U. S. inquiries concerning, 526–527, 558
- Merchant vessels:
- Blockade and search by Chinese Government:
- Attitude of Great Britain, 545, 540–547, 547–548, 548, 549, 550, 551, 556; of Japan, 547; of United States, 545, 546–547, 548–551, 554
- Texas Co., proposed shipment of kerosene and
gasoline into Fukien ports, 549–550, 551, 554
- Transport of Chinese Government troops by foreign
vessels:
- Attitude of Great Britain, 534, 535, 535–536, 539, 540, 544; of United States, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538–539, 540–541, 543–544
- Socony-Vacuum Corp., question of
authorization for, 540–541
- Yangtze Rapid Steamship Co.: Authorization
to carry troops, question of, 540–541; boycott against for refusal to carry
troops, 537–538, 539
- Military action: Fukien, 529–531, 532, 544, 552, 553, 556; Szechwan, 534,
538
- Missionaries and mission property:
- Bombing damage to property of American Board
Mission at Foochow, 553
- Continued occupation of American mission property
by Chinese military, U. S. representations
concerning, 528
- Nelson, Rev. Bert, kidnapping and reported death
of, U. S. representations concerning, 526–527, 558
- Safety of missionaries. See
Evacuation, supra.
- Murder of American citizens. See
under
U. S. representations, infra.
- U. S. naval force, dispatch of vessels to places of
danger: Fukien, 530, 531, 532; Szechwan, 535,
538
- U. S. representations concerning—
- Bombing by Chinese National Government endangering
American lives and property, 552, 553, 554–555, 557
- Murder and kidnapping of American citizens:
Ekvall, Henry, 525–526, 528, 529, 542, 543, 653;
Nelson, Rev. Bert, 526–527, 558; Simpson, William E.,
528, 529, 532–534, 541–542
- Special questions involving Sino-U. S. relations,
527–529
- Shanghai International Settlement, problems
affecting, 393–395, 610–621
- Courts, Chinese, agreement of Feb. 17,
1930, between China and Brazil, France, Great
Britain, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United States
relating to, extension of duration of, 616–620; Japanese
position, 620–621
- Extra-Settlement roads, efforts of United States and other
interested powers to reach an agreement concerning: Brazil,
611–612; China, 611, 614–615, 615–616; Great Britain, 612–613, 614, 615–616; Japan, 394–395, 611–612, 613, 613–614, 615; United States, 610–612, 613, 614, 615, 616
- Soong, T. V. See
Economic reconstruction: Consultative committee, supra, and under
Political situation, supra.
- Southwest Political Council. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Sun Fo: Appointment as President of Legislative Yuan, 170; attitude concerning policy toward
Japan, 404
- Tariff, import, Japanese position concerning, 448
- Taxation: Business tax, U. S. representations
against efforts of Fukien Provincial authorities to collect from
American companies, 602–603; foreshore property regulations
imposed by Shanghai municipal authorities, position of U. S.
Government regarding efforts to demand payment from American firms,
598–601
- Treaties with—
- Austria-Hungary, treaty of 1869,
Cited, 608–609
- France, treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation
(1858), cited, 594, 597
- Great Britain, treaty of Tientsin (1858), proposed revision of, 568
- Japan, treaty concerning Manchuria (1915), 388
- United States:
- Commercial treaty of 1903:
Chinese proposals for negotiations for replacement
by a new treaty, 567–569; cited,
570, 575, 608, 679, 681
- Peace, amity, and commerce, treaty of 1844, cited, 594, 597; of 1858, 575, 608
- Tariff treaty of 1928,
cited, 570
- U. S. citizens (see also
under
Sino-Japanese dispute; see also
Jurisdiction, Press
restrictions, Protection, Taxation, supra),
American aviation instructors employed in Government aviation
school, 94–95,
104–105,
285, 455–456, 606
- U. S. commercial interests (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute; also the following, supra:
Canton; Censorship; Claims; Customs; Liquid
fuel; Patents; Press restrictions; Protection: Merchant vessels;
Taxation): Andersen, Meyer & Co.,
637, 639, 650, 651–652, 652; Baldwin Locomotive Co., 650, 651–652, 652;
Columbia Pictures Distributing Co., Inc., 694, 696; Frazar, Federal
Inc., 626–627, 627; General American
Tank Car Co., 650, 652; Pan American Airways, 603–605; Socony-Vacuum Corp.,
528, 540–541, 569, 574,
575, 581, 626; Texas Co., 549–550, 551, 554,
600–601,
601, 602; wolfram monopoly, U. S. representations against, 472, 593–598; Yangtze Rapid Steamship Co., 537–538, 539, 540–541
- U. S. military and naval forces (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute): Chinese request for
information concerning U. S. military forces in China and
importation of supplies for, and U. S. reply, 565–566; dispatch of U. S.
naval vessels to places of danger, 530,
531, 532, 535, 538
- Wang Ching-wei. See under
Political situation, supra.
- Wolfram monopoly, U. S. representations against,
472, 593–598
- Chinese Eastern Railway. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
- Claims. See under
China
and
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Columbia Pictures Distributing Co., Inc., 694,
696
- Commissions and committees. See under
China: Economic
reconstruction; see also
Sino-Japanese dispute: League
of Nations: Advisory Committee.
- Communism. See
China: Political
situation: Communist activities; and
China: Protection of American
and other foreign lives.
- Consortium, China (see also
China: Economic
reconstruction: China Consortium),
possible violation of agreement concerning the Consortium by Japanese
banking syndicate loan to “Manchoukuo”, 19, 130
- Courts. See under
China: Shanghai International
Settlement.
- Customs. See under
China.
- Denmark: Discussions with United States on Far Eastern situation, 184; interest in assisting to obtain release of
Dr. Niels Nielsen, American citizen, kidnapped in Manchuria, 719–720, 722–723, 724, 724–725, 727
- Diplomatic and consular relations:
- China: Disinclination of U. S. Government to raise its Legation to
the status of an Embassy, 698–699; possibility of severance of
diplomatic relations with Japan, 23, 186, 221
- Manchuria: Status of U. S. Consuls in, 319, 321, 333; U. S. relations with “Manchoukuo”
de facto officials, 314, 380, 421, 485,
486
- Soviet Union, U. S. recognition of Soviet Government, 229–230, 465, 495;
Japanese attitude, 377–378, 463,
475–476,
709
- Disarmament Conference: Italian views, 314–315; Japanese participation,
question of, 191; Russian views, 463–465
- Discrimination against American trade. See the following
under
China: Censorship, Customs, Liquid fuel,
Patents, Taxation,
Wolfram monopoly; see
also
Japan: Oil monopoly
and
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”: Oil monopoly.
- Ekvall, Henry, murder of, U. S. representations to Chinese Government
concerning, 525–526,
528, 529, 542, 543, 653
- Embargoes. See
Sino-Japanese dispute: Arms
embargo.
- European situation, 314–315, 524
- Evacuation of American and other foreigners from places of danger. See under
China.
- Extraterritorial rights (see also under
China), policy of “Manchoukuo” concerning, 313
- Far Eastern crisis. See
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- France. See under
China: Foreign powers
and
Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign
powers.
- Frazar, Federal Inc., confiscation of property by Chinese Customs
authorities, 626–627, 627
- Fushun massacre, information concerning, 176–177
- General American Tank Car Co., 650, 652
- Germany: Furnishing of munitions to China, Japanese claims and German
denial, 97, 103;
military advisers in China, 41, 103, 320
- Great Britain. See under
China: Foreign powers
and
Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign
powers.
- Hoover, Herbert, statement of Feb. 24 concerning
opposition to use of sanctions, 209–210
- Immigration, possibility of U. S. revision of restrictions on, 701, 708–709, 758–766
- Indo-China: Arms and munitions, information concerning restrictions
governing entry to and transit through, 562;
Chinese Maritime Customs loan agreement with Bank of Indo-China, U. S.
position concerning, 629–631, 632–633
- Italy. See under
China: Foreign powers
and
Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign
powers.
- Japan (see also
Sino-Japanese dispute
and under
China: Foreign powers),
1–493
passim, 700–766
- Aleutian Islands, visits of Japanese ship to ports, 753–754
- Anti-American attitude. See under
War psychology, infra.
- Arbitration and reciprocal commercial treaty with United States,
Japanese proposal for and U. S. attitude, 432, 707, 745–748
- Arms and munitions. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Arms embargo. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Boxer Protocol of 1901, alleged Japanese
abuse of rights under. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: North China.
- Claims of American citizens for damages resulting from military
action. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Shanghai.
- Communism, attitude toward, 423
- Immigration, possibility of U. S. revision of restrictions on,
701, 708–709, 758–766
- Kidnapping. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria.
- “Manchoukuo”. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria.
- Mandated Pacific islands, retention and fortification by Japan,
184, 197, 229, 442, 748–753
- Matsuoka, Yosuke (see also under
Political situation, infra), visit to United States, 222, 264
- Monopolies. See
Oil monopoly, infra.
- Naval armament, desire for revision of naval ratio,
254, 442, 707, 709, 711–712
- Navy, exchange of visits with United States, 755–758
- Oil monopoly (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”):
Efforts of foreign oil companies to obtain statement of policy from
Japanese Government, 733, 740–741;
establishment, proposed, 732–734, 739–741; importation of oil from Russia, 739; Socony-Vacuum Corp., 733, 739,
740–741
- Political situation (see also
War psychology, infra), 274, 275–276, 440–441, 700–715
- Anti-parliamentary sentiment, 704, 705–706, 713–715
- Matsuoka, Yosuke, resignation from Seiyukai and from
Imperial Diet, 713–714
- Military domination in Government, 160, 195–196, 275–276, 342–343
- Minseito, 704, 705
- Saito Ministry, 274, 275–276, 703–706; opposition to the increased
appropriations for the Army and Navy, 440–441, 710–711
- Seiyukai, 704, 705, 713
- Trials of naval officers involved in terroristic acts of
May 15, 1932, 711–713
- Protection of American and other foreign lives and property (see also
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: Kidnapping),
representations regarding inadequate police protection for property
of Singer Sewing Machine Co. during strike, 716–717
- Soviet Union (see also under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers): Japanese importation of oil from, 739; possibility of Russo-Japanese
hostilities, 21, 68–70, 196, 229, 360, 372–373, 377–378, 387,
412–416,
421–427,
434–438,
441–442,
445, 451–452, 458–463, 483–484;
recognition by United States, Japanese attitude, 377–878, 463, 475–476, 709;
resumption of Sino-Russian relations, Japanese attitude toward, 68–69;
Russo-Japanese nonaggression pact, improbability of conclusion of,
68, 69,
228–229,
464
- Treaties with United States: Arbitration and reciprocal commercial
treaty, Japanese proposal for and U. S. attitude, 432, 707,
745–748;
treaty of commerce (1911), 734
- Uchida, Count Yasuya, influence upon Japanese military occupation
of Manchuria, 247–251
- U. S.-Japanese relations (see also
War psychology: Anti-American attitude, infra):
Good-will mission to United States, Japanese proposal for, 430–431, 433–434;
improvement in, 702–703, 706–709, 710;
naval visits between United States and Japan, 755–758; possibility of
revision of U. S. restrictions on Japanese immigration, 701, 708–709, 758–766; U. S. fleet, transfer to Atlantic,
Japanese attitude, 449, 463
- Visits of Japanese ship to ports in the Aleutian Islands, 753–754
- War psychology:
- Anti-American attitude (see also under
Propaganda, infra): General evidence of, 700, 701, 708–709, 758–766; probability of war between
United States and Japan, 173–174, 196, 229, 264, 481–482; recognition of Soviet Government by the
United States, Japanese attitude concerning, 377–378, 463, 475–476, 709
- Military domination in government, 160, 195–196, 275–276, 342–343, 480–482, 708
- Propaganda: Anti-American, incidents
indicating use of, 182, 267, 306–307, 344–346, 388–391, 468, 700–702, 708; use in China, 281–282, 315–316, 317, 334, 405, 406
- Soviet Union, possibilities of hostilities with (see also
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”: Chinese Eastern
Railway: Russo-Japanese
dispute), 21, 68–70,
196, 229, 360, 372–373, 377–378, 387, 412–416, 421–427, 434–438, 441–442, 445, 451–452, 458–462, 483–484
- Ultimate war aims, 155–156, 241, 371–372
- Kellogg-Briand Pact, allusions to, 173, 227, 256, 259, 464, 470
- Kidnapping. See under
China: Protection
and
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria.
- Korea, 159, 164
- Kung, H. H., 262, 444, 446, 488
- League of Nations. See under
China: Economic
reconstruction
and
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Liquid fuel. See under
China.
- Lo Wen-kan. See under
China: Political
situation.
- Loans. See under
China
and
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
- “Manchoukuo”. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria.
- Manchuria. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Mandated islands in Pacific, retention and fortification by Japan, 184, 197, 229, 442, 748–753
- Merchant vessels. See under
China: Protection.
- Mexico, policy at League of Nations regarding Japanese aggression in
Manchuria, 106, 212–213
- Missionaries and mission property. See under
China
and
Sino-Japanese dispute: North
China: Protection of American and other
foreign lives and property.
- Monopolies:
- Motion pictures, American, Chinese censorship restrictions upon, 694–698
- Munitions. See
Arms and munitions
under
China
and
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Murder of American citizens in China. See under
China: Protection: U. S. representations.
- Narcotic drug control. See
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”: Opium.
- National City Bank, 486, 630, 631, 632
- Nelson, Rev. Bert, kidnapping and reported death of, U. S. representations
to Chinese Goverment concerning, 526–527, 558
- Netherlands. See under
China: Foreign powers
and
Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign
powers.
- Nielsen, Dr. Niels, American citizen kidnapped in Manchuria, 718–732
- Nine-Power Treaty, allusions to, 173, 227, 256, 259, 290, 334, 335, 336, 470, 514
- Norway, extension of duration of agreement of Feb. 17,
1930, concerning Chinese courts in Shanghai International
Settlement, 619
- Oil monopoly. See under
Japan
and
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
- Open-door policy. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
- Opium. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”.
- Pan American Airways, U. S. good offices in establishment of
Shanghai-Canton line, 603–605
- Peiping, neutralization of, proposed, 58, 85–86, 99, 112, 341
- Philippines, 155–156, 241, 360–362
- Property. See
Protection of American and other foreign lives and
property
under
China
and
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Protection of American and other foreign lives and property. See under
China
and
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Pu-yi (Hsuan-tung), 160, 188, 358, 487
- Railways. See
China: Claims: Railway loans; and under
Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria.
- Rajchman, Ludwig W. See under
China: Economic
reconstruction.
- Rea, George Bronson, explanation of position as counselor for
“Manchoukuo”, 408–410
- Rockefeller Foundation, 157
- Roosevelt, Franklin D:
- Approval of unchanged American policy on Manchuria, 53; Chinese desire for declaration
concerning, 28, 29
- Statements, texts: Jan. 17, on upholding
treaties, 102; May
20, joint statement with T. V. Soong, 336–337
- Russia. See
Soviet Union.
- Sanctions. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute: League
of Nations.
- Shanghai. See under
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Shanghai International Settlement. See under
China.
- Siam, treaty of friendship and commerce with the United States, proposed
revision of, 767–771
- Simpson, William E., U. S. representations to Chinese Government
concerning the murder of, 528, 529, 532–534, 541–542
- Singer Sewing Machine Co., U. S. representations to Japanese Government
regarding inadequate police protection for property during strike, 716–717
- Sino-Japanese dispute:
- Arms and munitions (see also
Arms embargo, infra):
- Germany, furnishing of munitions to China, Japanese claims
and German denial, 97, 103
- United States (see also under
Arms embargo, infra): Chinese desire to obtain from, 39–40,
41–42; Japanese press reports of alleged American
military aid to China, and U. S. denial, 81–82,
97–98, 102, 388
- Arms embargo:
- China: Attitude concerning proposal for imposition against
China and Japan, 195, 219, 221; desire for imposition by United States
against Japan, 243–244
- France, suggestion for, 286
- Great Britain, imposition and subsequent withdrawal of,
204, 210, 217–219, 221, 225, 225–226, 232, 239–240; U. S. views, 204–205, 231–232, 233
- League of Nations. See under
League of Nations: Advisory Committee, infra.
- United States (see also
League of Nations: Advisory Committee: Arms embargo question, infra): British action, views on,
204–205, 231–232, 233; Congressional resolution for, status of,
197–198, 204–205, 214, 221, 231–232, 233
- Boxer Protocol of 1901, alleged Japanese
abuse of rights under. See under
North China, infra.
- Boycotts: Anti-American, by China in 1905,
memorandum with regard to alleged use of American naval forces in
connection with, 31–39; anti-Japanese, in China, 13, 160, 276, 285,
335, 363, 367, 493
- Claims. See under
Manchuria
and
Shanghai, infra.
- Diplomatic and consular relations (see also
Diplomatic and consular relations: Manchuria), possibility of severance by
China of diplomatic relations with Japan, 23, 186, 221
- Economic reconstruction of China, Japanese fears
concerning adverse effect on settlement of dispute, 503, 508–511, 514
- Foreign powers:
- Belgium, discussions with United States, 16–17,
103–104, 214
- Canada, discussions with United States, 187
- Denmark: Discussions with United States, 184; interest in assisting to
obtain release of Dr. Niels Nielsen, American citizen
kidnapped in Manchuria, 719–720, 722–723, 724, 724–725, 727
- France (see also under
North China: Negotiations: Mediation of
foreign powers, infra):
Arms embargo, suggestion for, 286; Boxer Protocol, consultations with United
States concerning, 29–30, 58;
discussions with United States, general, 59–61,
98–99, 292, 301–302; League of Nations draft report, views on,
27, 93; “Manchoukuo”, proposed plans for investments
in, reports and investigations concerning, 12–13,
400–401, 403, 438–439; policy on Far Eastern question, 12–14,
27, 286, 371; troops in
North China, 94
- Germany: Furnishing of munitions to China, Japanese claims
and German denial, 97, 103; military advisers in China,
41, 103, 320
- Great Britain (see also under
North China: Negotiations: Mediation of
foreign powers, infra):
- Arms embargo, imposition and subsequent withdrawal
of, 204, 210, 217–218, 219, 221, 225, 225–226, 232, 239–240; U. S. views, 204–205, 231–232, 233
- Boxer Protocol, proposal for and consultations
with United States concerning friendly
representations to Japan by signatory powers in
regard to alleged abuse of rights under, 122–123, 135–136, 141, 142, 145–146, 216–217
- Chinwangtao, representations to China and Japan
concerning possible damage to British interests
during military action, 16
- League of Nations draft report, views on, 64–65, 93
- Oil monopoly, U. S.-British consultations
concerning possible joint representations in regard
to discrimination in levying of customs duties on
foreign oil, 741–742, 744, 745
- Policy on Far Eastern question, 18–19, 371–372
- Shanhaikwan, failure of British attempt at
mediation of Sino-Japanese hostilities at, 23–24, 25, 25–26, 30, 44–45, 49–50, 52, 56, 61, 65, 78–80, 82, 87–88, 89, 112, 123–124, 168
- Troops in North China, 93–94, 94
- United States, discussions with, general, 54–57, 64–65, 88–90, 186–187, 197, 204–205, 370–371
- Italy: Discussion with United States, 314–315; policy on Far Eastern question, 371; troops in North China, 94
- Mexico, policy at League of Nations regarding Japanese
aggression in Manchuria, 106,
212–213
- Netherlands: Protest against Japanese seizure of port of
Hulutao, 154; views of Minister
to Japan concerning Far Eastern situation, 479–483
- Soviet Union:
- Japanese allegations of secret Sino-Russian-U. S.
understanding, 182, 463
- League of Nations invitation to cooperate with
Advisory Committee, 209,
210; refusal, 227–228
- Manchuria:
- Bandit suppression in: Agreement with Japan
concerning, 9, 20; refusal to surrender
Gen. Su Ping-wen to Japan, 68, 262–263
- Chinese Eastern Railway. See under
Manchuria: “Manchoukuo”, infra.
- Russo-Japanese hostilities, possibility of,
21, 68–70, 196, 229, 360, 372–373, 377–378, 387, 412–416, 421–427, 434–438, 441–442, 445, 451–452, 458–463, 483–484
- United States. See
United States, infra.
- Hankow, 276–277
- Kidnapping. See under
Manchuria, infra.
- Korea, 159, 164
- League of Nations:
- Advisory Committee on the situation in the
Far East:
- Arms embargo question: Appointment
of subcommittee on, 238,
239, 240–241, 258, 260–261, 265; U. S.
position, 233–234, 235, 239, 240–241, 260–261, 265
- Establishment by Assembly resolution of Feb. 24, 208–209, 210
- Nonmember states, invitations for cooperation of,
and replies: Soviet Union, 209, 210, 227–228; United States, 209, 210, 211, 215, 219–221, 234, 238
- Nonrecognition of and noncooperation
with “Manchoukuo”, policy of:
- Circular to League members concerning
measures involved: Draft text, discussion of, 351, 356; transmittal to and consideration by
United States, 375–376, 378–379, 429, 439–440, 441, 478–479
- Subcommittee on, discussions, 238–239, 258, 303, 309, 311–312, 350–351, 351–352, 356–357
- U. S. position concerning questions of—
- Consuls, status of, 319, 321, 333
- Currency, 407–408
- Opium import licenses, 306, 309, 316, 355, 478–479
- U. S. cooperation:
- Arms embargo question, 233–234, 235, 239, 240–241, 260–261, 265
- Invitation for, and U. S. reply, 209, 210, 211, 215, 219–221, 234, 238
- Nonrecognition and
noncooperation with “Manchoukuo”, policy of:
- Circular concerning measures involved,
transmittal to and consideration by United States,
375–376, 378, 379, 429, 439–440, 441, 478–479
- Questions involved, U. S. position on:
Consuls, status of, 319, 321, 333; currency, 407–408; opium import licenses, 306, 309, 316, 355, 478–479
- Chinese withdrawal, intimation of possibility of,
115–116, 128–129; denial
of rumor, 23
- Committee of Nineteen. See
Failure of conciliation
proceedings, infra.
- Failure of conciliation proceedings
and preparation by Assembly Committee of Nineteen of
draft report under art. 15, par.
4, of League Covenant:
- Chinese position concerning, 100–101, 117–118, 120–121, 143
- Continuation of Assembly’s work,
arrangements for (see also
Advisory Committee, supra), 192–193, 198–201, 208–209
- Correspondence, League-Japan:
Feb. 9, League inquiry
concerning Japanese willingness to accept point 7, ch. 9, of Lytton
Report as basis of conciliation, 176; Feb.
14, Japanese reply to League’s communication
of Feb. 9, 177–178; Feb. 14, League
opinion as to unacceptability of Japanese
counterproposals, 179
- Japanese counterproposals to
draft resolution and statement of reasons of Dec. 20, 1932, Committee’s
consideration and rejection of (see also
Correspondence, supra), 15–16, 46, 95–97, 109–111, 117, 118–119, 121–122, 144–145, 146–148, 149–152, 158–159, 161–164, 174–176, 177, 189–190
- Nonrecognition of “Manchoukuo”,
recommendations for (see
also
Japanese
counterproposals, supra): Discussions, 149–152, 161; U. S. views, 46, 152–154
- Report under art 15, par.
4 draft text:
- Adoption by Assembly, 205–208;
addenda, 205, 208
- China: Acceptance, 206; position concerning, 128–129, 198
- Japan: Nonacceptance, 206, 207;
observations, 190,
198
- Negotiations committee, proposal for, 168, 169, 187, 191, 192, 205
- Preparation of, 117, 119, 121–122, 137–139, 149–152, 157, 168, 169–170, 175, 179–180, 206
- Views of France, 27, 93; of Great
Britain, 64–65; of United States, 186–187, 210–211
- Japanese withdrawal, 93, 121, 185, 190–191, 195, 207–208, 253, 257–258, 264, 275, 441–442; Chinese statement
concerning, 258–260
- Jehol, discussions regarding and condemnation of
Japanese actions in, 161, 163–164, 174–175, 192, 193
- Mexico, policy of, 106, 212–213
- Nonrecognition of and noncooperation with
“Manchoukuo”. See under
Advisory Committee
and under
Failure of conciliation
proceedings, supra.
- Resolution, Feb. 24, 208–209, 210
- Sanctions:
- Possible use of, discussions, 148, 150, 152, 168
- U. S. attitude, 152, 153–154, 196; statement by President Hoover, text,
209–210
- Tangku armistice, Southwest Political Council
protest to League regarding, 334–336, 362–363; reply of Chinese Government, 339
- U. S. cooperation:
- Advisory Committee. See
Advisory Committee: U. S. cooperation, supra.
- Exchange of views with League and League
officials, 48–49, 54–56, 56–57, 61–64, 64, 64–65, 86–87, 88–89, 92–93, 104, 144–145, 152–154, 157, 190–191, 197, 286
- Nonassumption or responsibility for solution
of dispute, and desire for League initiative, 17, 27, 27–28, 59–61, 62–64, 105–106, 154, 186, 187, 260–261, 265, 327–328
- Report under art. 15, par.
4, U. S. attitude, 186–187, 210–211
- Sanctions, U. S. attitude concerning, 152, 153–154;
statement by President Hoover, text, 209–210
- Withdrawal of—
- China, intimations of possibility, 115–116, 128–129; denial of rumor, 23
- Japan, 93, 121, 185, 190–191, 195, 207–208, 253, 257–258, 264, 275, 441–442, 752;
Chinese statement concerning, 258–260
- Manchuria:
- Annexation by Japan, Japanese attitude concerning,
312–313
- Bandit and guerrilla activities (see also
Kidnapping, infra):
- Action by Japanese armed forces against,
20–21, 45, 51, 86, 87, 304, 383–385;
agreement with Soviet Russia concerning, 9, 20
- Atrocity at Fushun, information concerning,
176–177
- Su Ping-wen, Soviet refusal to surrender to
Japan, 68, 262–263
- Chahar: Feng Yü-hsiang, independent anti-Japanese
forces of, 360, 379, 380–382, 392; Japanese threats
against independence of, 278–279, 336, 378; National Salvation and Defense
Association, telegram to all public bodies and
organizations of China pledging support in defense
of Jehol, 194–195
- Chinese Eastern Railway. See
under “Manchoukuo”,
infra.
- Claims of American citizens for damages resulting
from military action: Procedure for handling, 421; settlement by
Commission for Liquidation of Claims, report of,
477; solicitude of
present authorities in settlement of, U. S. comment
to Chinese Government concerning, 642
- Economic development, railway and highway
construction, under Japanese Army control, report
on, 166–167, 385–386
- Jehol. See under
North China, infra.
- Kidnapping by bandits of Dr. Niels
Nielsen, American citizen, and assistance of
Japanese authorities in obtaining his release, 718–732; interest of Danish Government, 710–720, 722–723, 724, 724–725, 727
- Kwantung Army, nonobservance of orders of Minister
of War in occupation of Manchuria, 342–343
- “Manchoukuo”:
- Chinese Eastern Railway:
- Russo - “Manchoukuo” dispute
and implication of Japan in alleged actions in
contravention of treaties, 273–274, 282, 283–284, 295, 296–297, 304–305, 316–317, 333–334, 351, 406, 409, 411, 413–414, 418–419, 422–423, 428–429, 433, 434–436
- Sale by Soviet Union to “Manchoukuo”:
- Chinese protest against, and Russian
position, 308, 316, 317–318, 329–330, 331, 340–347, 377;
Southwest Political Council, protest, 332
- Negotiations at Tokyo for, 229, 295, 316, 334, 367–369, 370–377, 409, 411, 415, 426, 464, 484
- Currency, U. S. policy on, correspondence of
State Department with Treasury Department and
Federal Reserve Board concerning, 407–408
- Establishment in Paris of a central mission
for Europe to secure diplomatic recognition and
financial assistance, 43
- Extraterritorial rights, policy on, 313
- French investments in, proposed, reports and
investigations concerning, 400–401, 403, 438–439
- Hulutao military harbor, Japanese seizure
of, 154
- Loan by Japanese banking syndicate, question
of possible violation of China Consortium
Agreement, 19, 129
- Monarchy, movement for establishment under
Pu-yi, 65–67, 452, 487
- Navy, Japanese denial of reported
construction of, 254
- Nonrecognition policy toward:
- Chinese attitude toward, 100–101, 117–118, 120–121, 143, 412
- League of Nations. See
League of Nations: Nonrecognition of and
noncooperation with “Manchoukuo”, supra.
- United States (see
also
League of Nations: Advisory Committee: U. S. cooperation: Nonrecognition and noncooperation
with “Manchoukuo”, supra):
- Chinese desire for reaffirmation of policy
of, 27–29, 51–52, 57–58, 50, 326, 453–454, 470–471
- Position of, discussions concerning, 16–17, 46–47, 152–154, 184, 209–210, 485–487
- Relations with de
facto officials, 314, 380, 421, 485, 486;
status of Consuls, 319, 321, 333
- Roosevelt, Franklin D.:
- Approval of unchanged American policy, 53; Chinese desire for
declaration concerning, 28, 29
- Statement, Jan. 17,
on up-holding treaties, 102
- Views of American business-men in Manchuria
concerning, 486–487
- Oil monopoly:
- Discrimination in levying of customs duties
on foreign oil: Oral representations to local
authorities, U. S. authorization for, 741, 744–745; U.
S.-British consultations concerning possible joint
representations, 741–742, 744, 745
- Establishment of, information concerning
plans for, 734–739, 741–745
- Japanese efforts to obtain information
regarding trade and organization of U. S. and
other foreign oil companies, 742–743
- Socony - Vacuum Corp., 741, 742–743
- Texas Co., 741,
743
- Open-door policy (see also
Oil monopoly, supra): [Page 790]
- Economic relations with Japan, effect on
American and other foreign trade, 166–167, 428, 443, 738
- Recognition: Favorable treatment for
countries granting, proposed, 304, 313; possible effect on American business
interests, 486–487
- Opium:
- Monopoly, establishment of, 130–133, 323–324; U. S. attitude
concerning, 130–133
- Recognition of import licenses for,
recommendations of League of Nations Advisory
Committee concerning, 303, 306, 309, 312, 316, 350–351, 351–352, 355, 356–357, 478–479; U. S.
attitude, 306, 309, 316, 355, 478–479
- Pu-yi (Hsuan-tung), 160, 188, 358, 487
- Rea, George Bronson, explanation of position as counselor
for, 408–410
- Recognition, questions concerning. See
Nonrecognition policy, supra.
- Treaty with Japan, secret, rumors of, 263, 266
- Mongolia, Japanese ambitions concerning, 114, 278–279, 334,
378, 414, 424
- Railways:
- Chinese Eastern Railway. See under
“Manchoukuo”, supra.
- South Manchuria Railway, influence upon Japanese military
occupation of Manchuria, 247–251, 369
- Soviet Union:
- Bandit suppression: Agreement with Japan concerning, 9, 20;
refusal to surrender Gen. Su Ping-wen to Japan, 68, 262–263
- Chinese Eastern Railway. See under
“Manchoukuo”, supra.
- Hostilities with Japan, possibility of (see also “Manchoukuo”:
Chinese Eastern Rail way: Russo-“Manchoukuo” dispute, supra), 21, 68–70, 196, 229, 360, 372–373, 377, 378, 387, 412–416, 421–427, 434–438, 441–442, 445, 451–452, 458–463, 483–484
- Tinkham, George H. (member U. S. House of
Representatives), visit to Manchuria and Jehol, 401–402
- North China, extension of hostilities to:
- Boxer Protocol of 1901, alleged
Japanese abuse of rights under:
- Chinese memorandum to United States concerning,
and informal proposal for representations to Japan
by the signatory powers: Discussions, 26, 44, 52, 58, 82–85, 92, 98–99, 113–114, 125, 289; text of memorandum,
44
- France, discussions with United States concerning,
29–30, 58
- Great Britain, proposal for and consultations with
United States concerning friendly representations to
Japan by signatory powers, 122–123, 135, 140–141, 142, 145–146, 216–217
- U. S. statement of policy, 82–85
- Troops, international, U. S. views concerning
possible involvement of, 29–30, 64, 93–94, 93–99, 281
- Violation by Chinese troops at Tientsin, Japanese
countercharges of, 223,
225, 235, 236, 236–237
- Chang Hsueh-liang: Japanese efforts to secure withdrawal
from Jehol, 182, 183, 185, 189, 201–202, 211–212, 216, 230; resignation
and departure from China, 230–231, 242, 243, 490–491; statement of necessity for
continued hostilities, 42
- Jehol (see also under
Military operations, infra), League of Nations discussions
and condemnation of Japanese actions in, 161, 163–164, 174–175, 192, 193, 208
- Military operations:
- Canton faction, policy of resistance toward
Japanese aggression: Military conference, 140; Southwest Political
Council, protest to National Government, 101, 332
- Chinese independent and irregular forces: Fang
Cheng-wu, 404, 405, 406–407, 411; Feng Yu-hsiang, 360, 379, 380–382, 392; Li Chi-chun, 280, 282, 310, 354, 363–364, 366–367, 369, 370
- Chinwangtao, 16, 52–53, 168;
British representations to China and Japan
concerning, 16
- Conferences of Chinese military leaders, 226, 235, 254, 256
- Japanese penetration south of Great Wall, and
fight for northern passes, 189, 196, 211–212, 213–214, 230, 231, 236, 242–243, 244, 251, 254–255, 263, 265–266, 268, 269, 273, 274, 276, 277, 277–278, 280, 282, 283, 284, 285, 289–290, 291, 292–293, 296, 297, 305, 307–308, 310–311, 320–321, 322, 331, 332, 332–333, 334, 336, 337–338, 339–340, 343, 344, 348
- Jehol, 50, 51, 69–70, 88, 99–100, 114–115, 128, 133–134, 137, 142–143, 144, 154, 165, 181, 182–183, 184–185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 193–195, 196, 197, 201–204, 211–212, 215, 216, 222, 223, 224, 226, 235, 242–243, 251, 379, 490
- Shanhaikwan: Attack and occupation
by Japanese forces, 1–8, 9–12, 14–15, 16, 21–22, 24, 25, 70–81, 114, 125–127, 168, 490; failure of British attempt at
mediation, 23–24, 25, 25–26, 30, 44–45, 49–50, 52, 56, 61, 65, 78–80, 82, 87–88, 89, 112, 123–124, 168
- Tientsin, 52–53, 77–78, 100, 112, 223, 225, 235, 236, 236–237, 245–246, 333, 344
- National Defense Council, measures regarding military and
political problems, 256, 262
- Negotiations for cessation of hostilities:
- Compromise, Japanese proposals for: Alleged role
of Tuan Chi-jui in regard to, 120, 121, 124, 127–128, 129, 134–135, 139–140, 144;
Chinese refusal to consider, 136–137, 228, 234–235, 242, 243, 255, 266, 274, 292, 296
- Mediation of foreign powers (see also
Military operations: Shanhaikwan: Failure of
British attempt at mediation, supra):
- France, views, 301–302
- Great Britain (see
also
Military operations:
Shanhaikwan: Failure of
British attempt at mediation, supra), 287–288, 289, 293, 295–296, 303
- United States, views, 134–135, 279, 289, 290, 291, 293–294, 301–302, 318–319, 327–329
- Sino-“Manchoukuo” border problems concerning
customs, postal facilities, railway connections,
etc., Sino-Japanese discussions at Peiping for
settlement of, 442, 443, 445, 447, 450, 450–451, 452, 454, 457–458, 468, 485, 491
- Tangku armistice:
- Agreement of May 31:
Negotiations, 305,
322, 331, 332, 337, 340, 341, 343, 344, 347; signature, 349; terms, 349–350, 352–353, 357
- Chinese resumption of control in evacuated
area in accordance with terms of truce agreement,
354–355, 363–364, 369–371, 382, 404, 405, 406–407, 411, 412, 416–417, 445;
violation of truce by forces of Gen. Fang Chen-wu
and Gen. Chi Hung-chang, 404, 405, 406–407, 411
- Japanese public opinion concerning, 357–359
- Southwest Political Council:
- Sun Fo, observations concerning, 359–360
- Wang Ching-wei, statement concerning, 353–354
- Peiping, proposal for neutralization of, 58, 85–86, 99, 112, 341
- Protection of American and other foreign
lives and property:
- Arrangements concerning, 80, 85, 86, 321–322, 325, 338
- Missionaries and mission property: Chinese
notification of temporary use of American mission
property at Peitaiho for defense works, 213; Japanese bombing of
American mission property, U. S. representations
regarding, and Japanese expressions of regret, 244, 246, 255, 256–257, 264, 267–268, 270–271, 277, 280, 302; Minns, Harriet, report
of safety of, 224
- Proposals and suggestions for solution of dispute:
- Conciliation negotiations. See
League of Nations: Failure of conciliation
proceedings, supra.
- Conference, round table, Chinese denial of reported
British proposal for, 148
- Direct negotiations: Japanese desire for, 16, 61–62, 145, 162–163; policy of
Chinese Government of complete abstention from, deviations
from, 404–405, 419–421, 444, 446–449, 450–452, 452–455, 470–477, 488–490, 492–493
- Intervention by force of foreign powers, views of U. S.
official concerning, 43
- Negotiations for cessation of hostilities in North China.
See under
North China, supra.
- Tangku armistice. See under
North China: Negotiations, supra.
- Protection of American and other foreign lives and property. See
Manchuria: Kidnapping, and
North China: Protection, supra.
- Shanhaikwan. See under
North China: Military
operations, supra.
- Shanghai:
- Chinese troop movements in, Japanese interest in
reaffirmation of decision of Joint Commission concerning,
251–253
- Claims of American citizens for damages resulting from
military action:
- Japan: Attitude concerning claims of Socony-Vacuum
Corp., 273; proposed
statement of policy concerning, 374–575
- Socony-Vacuum Corp., claims of: Chinese attitude
concerning, 272–273; Japanese attitude,
273
- Japanese aggressive actions in, 392–400, 417, 434; U. S. attitude
concerning, 417, 434
- U. S. armed forces, U. S. policy concerning use
of, 297–300
- Southwest Political Council:
- Ban on entry of goods from “Manchoukuo” into South China,
363
- Chinese Eastern Railway, protest against proposed sale of,
332
- Resistance to Japan, proposed, 101, 332
- Tangku armistice:
- Treaties: Franco-Japanese agreement of 1907
concerning the Far East, 12–13; Kellogg-Briand pact, allusions to,
173, 227, 256, 259, 464, 470; Nine-Power Treaty, allusions to,
173, 227, 256, 259, 290, 334, 335,
336, 470, 514; Sino-Japanese treaty
concerning Manchuria (1915), 388; Sino-Russian agreements of 1924, 308, 329–330, 334; U. S.-Korean treaty of peace, amity,
commerce, and navigation (1882), 159
- United States (see also
U. S. citizens, U. S.
commercial interests, U. S. military
and naval forces, infra):
- Arms and munitions (see also
Arms embargo, infra): Chinese desire to obtain from, 39, 41–42; Japanese press
reports of alleged American military aid to China, and U. S.
denial, 81–82, 97–98, 102, 388
- Arms embargo (see also
League of Nations: Advisory Committee: Arms embargo question, supra): British proposal, views on,
204–205, 231–232, 233; Congressional resolution for, status of,
197–198, 204–205, 214, 221, 231–232, 233
- Boycott, anti-American, by China in 1905, memorandum with regard to alleged use of
American naval forces in connection with, 31–39
- Cooperation with League of Nations. See
League of Nations: U. S. cooperation, supra.
- Discussions with—
- Belgium, 16–17, 103–104, 214
- Canada, 187
- China, 27–29, 51–52, 57–58, 59, 173–174, 220–221, 243–244, 261–262, 269, 325–326, 371–372, 446–450, 452–455, 470–471, 472, 476–477
- Denmark, 184
- France, 29–30, 58, 59–61, 98–99, 292, 301–302
- Great Britain, 54–57, 64–65, 88–90, 180–187, 197, 370–871
- Italy, 314
- Japan, 45–48, 181–183, 284, 312–314, 467–468
- Mexico, 106
- Netherlands, 479–482
- Soviet Union, 463–465
- Nonrecognition of “Manchoukuo”, policy of:
- Chinese desire for reaffirmation of, 27–29, 51–52, 57–58, 59, 326, 453–454, 470–471
- Discussions concerning, 16–17, 46–47, 184, 484–487
- League of Nations. See
League of Nations: Advisory Committee: U. S. cooperation, supra.
- Relations with de facto
officials, 314, 379–380, 421, 485, 486; status of U. S. Consuls in Manchuria,
319, 321, 333
- Roosevelt, Franklin D. (President-elect):
- Approval of, 53;
Chinese desire for declaration concerning, 28, 29
- Statement, Jan. 17,
on upholding treaties, text, 102
- Views of American businessmen in Manchuria
concerning, 486–487
- North China:
- Boxer Protocol of 1901,
alleged Japanese abuse of rights under:
- Chinese memorandum to United States
concerning, and informal proposal for
representations to Japan by the signatory powers:
Discussions, 26, 44, 52, 58, 82–85, 92, 98–99, 113–114, 125, 289; text
of memorandum, 44
- France, discussions with United States
concerning, 29–30, 58
- Great Britain, proposal for and
consultations with United States concerning
friendly representations to Japan by signatory
powers, 122–123, 135–136, 141, 142, 145–146, 216–217
- Statement of policy, 82–85
- Troops, international, views concerning
question of involvement of, 29–30, 64, 93–94, 98–99, 281
- Negotiations for cessation of hostilities, views
concerning mediation of foreign powers, 134–135, 279, 289, 290, 291, 293–294, 301–302, 318–319, 327–329
- Sanctions, views concerning, 152, 153–154; statement by President
Hoover, text, 209–210
- Tinkham, George H. (member House of Representatives),
visit to Manchuria and Jehol, 401–402
- Treaty of peace, amity, commerce, and navigation, U.
S.-Korean (1882), 159
- U. S. citizens:
- Manchuria, kidnapping by bandits of Dr. Niels Nielsen, and
assistance of Japanese authorities in obtaining his release,
718–732; interest of Danish Government, 719–720, 722–723, 724, 724–725, 727
- North China, protection of American and other foreign
lives and property:
- Arrangements concerning, 80, 85, 86, 321–322, 325, 338
- Missionaries and mission property: Chinese
notification of temporary use of American mission
property at Peitaiho for defense works, 213; Japanese bombing of
American mission property, U. S. representations
regarding and Japanese expressions of regret, 244, 246, 255, 256–257, 264, 267–268, 270–271, 277, 280, 302; Minns, Harriet, report
of safety of, 224
- Rea, George Bronson, explanation of position as counselor
for “Manchoukuo”, 408–410
- U. S. commercial interests:
- Claims of American citizens for damages resulting from
military action: [Page 794]
- Manchuria: Procedure for handling, 421; settlement by
Commission for Liquidation of Claims, report of,
477; solicitude of
present authorities in settlement of, U. S. comment
to Chinese Government concerning, 642
- Shanghai:
- Japan: Attitude concerning claims of
Socony-Vacuum; Corp., 273; proposed statement of policy
concerning, 374–375
- Socony-Vacuum Corp., claims of: Chinese
attitude concerning, 272–273;
Japanese attitude, 273
- Discrimination against American trade. See under
Oil monopoly, infra.
- National City Bank, 486
- Oil monopoly in Manchuria:
- Discrimination in levying of customs duties on
foreign oil: Oral representations to local
authorities, U. S. authorization for, 741, 744–745; U. S.
British consultations concerning possible joint
representations, 741–742, 744, 745
- Japanese efforts to obtain information regarding
trade and organization of U. S. and other foreign
oil companies, 742–743
- Socony-Vacuum Corp., 272–273, 486, 741, 742–743
- Standard Oil Co., 573, 588, 627
- Texas Co., 741, 743
- U. S. military and naval forces:
- Employment of American Army officers by Chinese
Government, Japanese allegations and U. S. denial
concerning, 94–95, 104–105, 182
- North China conflict, views concerning question of
involvement of international troops, 29–30, 64, 93–94, 98–99,
281
- Shanghai, review of policy concerning use of American
armed forces at, 297–300
- U. S. Fleet: Position in Pacific, Japanese attitude
concerning, 181; transfer to
Atlantic, 449
- Socony-Vacuum Corp., 272–273, 486, 528, 540–541, 569, 574, 575, 581, 626, 741, 742–743
- Soong, T. V. See under
China: Political
situation.
- Soviet Union (see also under
China: Foreign powers;
Japan
and
Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign
powers):
- Disarmament Conference, views on, 463–464
- United States:
- Discussion of Sino-Japanese dispute, 463–464
- Japanese allegations of secret Sino-Russian-U. S.
understanding, 182, 463
- Nonaggression pact, Russian suggestion for, 464
- Recognition of Soviet Government, 229–230, 465, 495; Japanese attitude, 377–378, 463, 475–476, 709
- Standard Oil Co., 573, 588, 627
- Su Ping-wen, Russian refusal to surrender to Japan, 68, 262–263
- Tariff, Chinese import, Japanese position concerning, 448
- Taxation. See under
China.
- Texas Co., 549–550, 551, 554, 600–601,
601, 602, 741, 743
- Tinkham, George H. (member U. S. House of Representatives), visit to
Manchuria and Jehol, 401–402
- Treaties, conventions, etc. (see also
under
China, Japan, and
Sino-Japanese dispute):
- Hague Opium Convention of 1912, 130, 309,
478, 479
- London Naval Treaty of 1930, 707, 711,
712
- Opium Agreement signed at Geneva Feb. 11,
1925, 130, 131, 309,
355, 478
- U. S.-Siam, treaty of friendship and commerce (1921), proposed revision of, 767–771
- Versailles (1919), 320, 749
- Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, 229, 254,
442, 707
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See
Soviet Union.
- U. S. citizens. See under
China
and
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- U. S. commercial interests. See
Japan: Protection; and under
China
and
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- U. S. military and naval forces. See under
China
and
Sino-Japanese dispute.
- Versailles, treaty of (1919), 320, 749
- Wang Ching-wei. See under
China: Political
situation.
- Wolfram monopoly, U. S. representations to Chinese Government against,
472, 593–598
- Yangtze Rapid Steamship Co., 537–538, 539, 540–541