793.94/4190: Telegram
The Consul General at Shanghai (Cunningham) to the Secretary of State
[Received February 15—6:14 a.m.]
52. The stubborn resistance of the Chinese military has been a matter of great surprise to many local residents. I have learned from a source which is believed to be entirely trustworthy that there are three German ex-Army officers, wearing civilian clothes, continually at the front directing the Chinese plans. These officers are military experts and direct the operations and plans of the aviation, infantry and engineering branches. The aviation plans are made by Bloedhorn, infantry by Schaumburg and the engineering by Weber. These men are at the front in the vicinity of Shanghai but rarely visit the Settlement, carry no arms and wear no uniforms. I am told that a Swiss by name of Wahllen is attached to the Cantonese forces but is not believed to be in Shanghai.
Not repeated to the Legation.