Index

• Agreements. See Treaties, conventions, etc.
• Arms and munitions: U. S. export restrictions on shipment to China, question of application to Japan, 431–432, 452; U. S. surplus stocks of war material, Chinese interest in obtaining and U. S. policy on disposition of, 663–664, 668–669
• Australia, Japanese aims and interests in, 37
• Aviation:
  • Chinese desire for services of American aviators to assist in military training of Chinese aviators, and U. S. refusal to allow participation of U. S. military personnel, 582–583, 636–637, 643, 680–681, 696, 702; French offer to send military air mission, 680
  • Sale of aviation gasoline by American and British oil companies to Chinese military, question of, 194, 210, 316–317, 334–335
• Bandits in Manchuria, Japanese operations against, 20, 55, 79, 110, 113–114, 624, 692–693, 722–723
• Belgium. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers.
• Blockade of Shanghai and other Yangtze ports by Japan, possibility of, effect on U. S. and other foreign interests, 55, 56, 61–62, 63, 85, 217, 228, 276, 286; U. S. policy regarding “pacific” blockade, 85
• Borah, William E. (Chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee), letter from Secretary Stimson, Feb. 23, relative to Nine-Power Treaty, 428–429, 429, 435–436, 440–441, 442, 449, 453, 454–455, 457–458, 462, 467, 470, 525–526, 532, 534, 535, 566–567, 591, 717
• Boxer indemnity payments by new state of “Manchoukuo,” 624
• Boxer Protocol of 1901, cited, 241
• Boxer uprising of 1900, allusions to, 257, 440
• Boycotts, anti-Japanese. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Canton: Possibility of Japanese attack on, Portuguese fear of, 211; threatened seizure of customs in 1924 and in 1931, cited, 591, 617, 656, 674
• Canton faction, 55, 56, 122, 250, 275, 656, 674
• Censorship of American mail in Manchuria by Japanese, 652–653, 722
• Chamberlain, Culver B., American Consul at Harbin, assault at Mukden by Japanese soldiers, 6, 9, 15
• Chiang Kai-shek. See under China.
• China (see also Sino-Japanese dispute):
  • Arms and munitions: U. S. export restrictions on shipment to China, question of application to Japan, 431–432, 452; U. S. surplus stocks of war material, Chinese interest in obtaining and U. S. policy on disposition of, 663–664, 668–669
  • Aviation:
    • Chinese desire for services of American aviators to assist in military training of Chinese aviators and U. S. refusal to allow participation of U. S. military personnel, 582–583, 636–637, 643, 680–681, 696, 702; French offer to send military air mission, 680
    • Sale of aviation gasoline by American and British oil companies to Chinese military, question of, 194, 210, 316–317, 334–335
  • Boxer indemnity payments by new state of “Manchoukuo,” 624
  • Boxer Protocol of 1901, cited, 241
  • Boxer uprising of 1900, allusions to, 257, 440
  • Boycott, anti-Japanese (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute: Shanghai: Anti-Japanese activity), 61–62, 212, 216, 220–221, 222, 225, 295, 648
  • Canton: Possibility of Japanese attack on, Portuguese fear of, 211; threatened seizure of customs in 1924 and in 1931, cited, 591, 617, 656, 674
  • Canton faction, 55, 56, 122, 250, 275, 656, 674
  • Chang Hsueh-liang, 1, 25, 26, 56, 58, 110, 111, 597, 644, 710
  • Chen, Eugene. See Political situation: Chen, Eugene, infra.
  • Chiang Kai-shek (see also under Political situation, infra), military situation, 122, 250, 299, 377, 444, 531, 680
  • Chinese Eastern Railway. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers: Russia: Manchuria.
  • Customs administration. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: Chinese administrative services.
  • Financial questions:
    • Foreign aid: Hope of foreign loan, 38; possibility of U. S. financial and material support, unofficial inquiry by Wellington Koo concerning, 415
    • Manchurian customs seizure: Loss of revenue for Chinese Government, 648; foreign loan service, assurance of payment by new regime, 561, 591, 616, 620–621, 624, 635, 668; nonpayment of domestic loan service, 561, 616, 624
    • Proposed measures for increasing income of Government, 368–369
    • Shanghai, financial situation, 368
  • Flood refugee camp, Japanese air bombardment of, protest by Director General of National Flood Relief Commission, 329; Japanese explanation and expression of regret, 366
  • Koo, V. K. Wellington, 21, 38–39, 172, 309, 327, 328, 349–350, 381, 382, 415, 438–439
  • Lo Wen-kan. See under Political situation, infra.
  • Political situation:
    • Canton faction, 55, 56, 122, 250, 275, 656, 674
    • Chen, Eugene (Foreign Minister): 3–4, 15, 16, 25, 30–31, 55, 275, 454, 491; resignation because of opposition to policy of Chiang Kai-shek regarding severance of diplomatic relations with Japan and other steps, 20, 36–37, 38, 55, 61, 64, 65, 72, 77, 78
    • Chiang Kai-shek: General, 20–21, 25, 39, 55–56, 79, 148, 250, 275, 299; Japan, relations with, 597; opposition to severing of diplomatic relations and other steps leading to war with Japan, 36–37, 38, 55, 61–62, 63, 64
    • Communism, 20–21, 25, 55, 56, 75, 84, 266, 379, 450, 459, 566–567, 576, 649
    • Kuomintang, 26, 266, 379, 531, 597
    • Lo Wen-kan, appointment as Foreign Minister, 91–92, 108, 117, 173, 187, 231–232, 241, 298–299, 724, 729
    • Memorandum on the capacity of China to exercise the powers of a state, prepared for General McCoy by the American Consul General at Nanking, 647–651
    • Transfer of seat of government temporarily from Nanking to Loyang, 122, 135, 148, 149–150, 172–173, 207
    • Wang Ching-wei, 21, 25, 55–56, 64, 65, 78, 91, 117, 122, 148, 299, 531, 614, 724
  • Postal service in Manchuria. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: Chinese administrative services.
  • Salt Revenue Administration. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: Chinese administrative services.
  • Shanghai International Settlement (see also Sino-Japanese dispute: Shanghai: International Settlement): Municipal elections, 622–623; plans for future of, suggestions by American Consul General at Shanghai, 403–404, 507–508, 682–683, 695; rendition by Great Britain and United States, possibility of, 76
  • Shanhaikuan, Japanese military advance on, 7, 28
  • Shantung negotiations of 1922, cited, 125, 427
  • Soochow, Japanese aerial demonstrations over, 437, 451
  • Soong, T. V., 38, 117, 122, 149–150, 187, 309, 368, 632, 636–637, 672
  • Sun Fo, 25, 61, 64, 78, 275, 454, 613
  • Tientsin: Japanese military threat to, 25, 38; Japanese troops and military supplies at, 7, 28, 486, 491
  • Wang Ching-wei, 21, 25, 55–56, 64, 65, 78, 91, 117, 122, 148, 299, 531, 614, 724
  • Yangtze River valley, possibility of blockade of Shanghai and other Yangtze ports by Japan, effect on U. S. and other foreign interests, 55, 56, 61–62, 63, 85, 217, 228, 276, 286
• Chinchow, Japanese occupation of. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: Action by Japanese armed forces.
• Chinese Eastern Railway. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers: Russia: Manchuria.
• Claims. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: U. S. commercial interests.
• Commission of Inquiry to China and Japan. See Sino-Japanese dispute: League of Nations: Lytton Commission.
• Commissions. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: League of Nations.
• Communism: China, 20–21, 25, 55, 56, 75, 84, 266, 379, 450, 459, 566–567, 576, 649; Manchuria, 46, 740
• Customs. See China: Financial questions: Manchurian customs seizure; Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: Chinese administrative services: Customs Administration.
• Depression, world economic, 26, 211, 415
• Disarmament Conference: Far Eastern situation, relation to disarmament problem, 431, 454–455, 502–504; general, 157, 170, 174, 239, 363, 402, 428, 429, 430–431, 454–455, 502–504, 589, 705, 734, 735; Japan, representation at, 183–184; United States, representation at, 182–183, 692n
• Disarmament policy of United States, effect on Far Eastern situation, 454–455
• Donald, W. H., 25, 58, 84
• Far Eastern crisis. See Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Flood refugee camp, Japanese air bombardment of, protest by Director General of National Flood Relief Commission, 329; Japanese explanation and expression of regret, 366
• France (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers), offer to send French military air mission to China, 680
• Germany:
  • Nine-Power Treaty, nonratification of, 376, 442
  • Recognition of “Manchoukuo,” question of, 420
  • Sino-Japanese situation: Consultations with United States, 219, 289–290, 375–376, 442–443; observations on U. S. identic note of Jan. 7 to China and Japan, 289
• Great Britain. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers.
• Hoover, Herbert (President), proposal for personal appeal to Japanese Emperor by chiefs of state of Great Britain and United States, 124–129, 138–140, 142–143, 147; draft text, 128–129
• Italy. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers.
• Japan (see also Sino-Japanese dispute):
  • Australia, Japanese aims and interests in, 37
  • Political situation. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
  • Russo-Japanese relations. See Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers: Russia: Japan.
• Kellogg-Briand Pact, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 16, 28, 31, 78, 89, 91–92, 112, 124, 129, 134, 148, 162, 167, 178, 179, 312, 364, 388, 392, 429, 455, 524, 525, 554, 573, 577, 586, 592, 634, 650, 688, 715, 718
• Koo, V. K. Wellington, 21, 38–39, 172, 309, 327, 328, 349–350, 381, 382, 415, 438–439
• Kuomintang, 26, 266, 379, 531, 597
• League of Nations. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
• Lo Wen-kan, 91–92, 108, 117, 173, 187, 231–232, 241, 298–299, 724, 729
• Lytton Commission. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: League of Nations.
• “Manchoukuo”. See Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria.
• McCoy, Gen. Frank R. See Sino-Japanese dispute: League of Nations: Lytton Commission: U. S. participation.
• Mexico, U. S. appreciation of Mexican assurances of support in event of difficulties with Japan, 254
• Missionaries and mission property, U. S.: Detention of publications of Seventh Day Adventists Mission in Manchuria by Japanese censor, 722; protection of, 56
• Nanking. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
• National City Bank of New York, 549
• Netherlands. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers.
• Nine-Power Treaty. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Proposals and suggestions for solution of dispute.
• Nomura, Admiral, 180–181, 195, 200, 251, 266, 269, 270, 284, 293
• Open-door principle:
  • China, 62, 72, 383
  • Manchuria: Japanese declarations in support of, 19, 23, 36, 82; violations of, 14, 114, 311, 603
• Portugal: See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers.
• Property. See Sino-Japanese dispute: Protection of foreign lives and property.
• Pu-yi (Hsuan-tung), 415, 419, 463, 518, 538, 548, 602, 644, 699, 711, 742, 744
• Radio Corporation of America: Manchuria, conclusion of contract with authorities of new administration, 685–686; Shanghai, U. S. representations to Japanese authorities for protection of station at Chenju, 59, 81, 491–492, 495, 561–562, 686
• Recognition. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Manchuria: Independent regime.
• Russia. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers.
• Sanctions. See under Sino-Japanese dispute: League of Nations.
• Shanghai International Settlement. See under China.
• Shanhaikuan, Japanese military advance on, 7, 28
• Shantung negotiations of 1922, cited, 125, 427
• Short, Robert, American aviator, reported death in air battle with Japanese planes, Japanese representations and U. S. position regarding, 451, 504–505
• Simon, Sir John:
  • Letter from Secretary Stimson expressing appreciation for cooperative efforts in connection with Sino-Japanese situation, text, 577
  • Statements, etc.: Feb. 12, speech before Anglo-American Press Association, 301–302; Feb. 18, statement in House of Commons regarding killing of two British seamen at Shanghai, 390, 391; Mar. 22, statement of policy on Far Eastern situation, 620–621
• Sino-Japanese dispute:
  • Boycotts, anti-Japanese:
    • Arms embargo, question of application to Japan of U. S. export restrictions regarding China, 431–432, 452
    • Chinese (see also under Shanghai: Anti-Japanese activity, infra), 61–62, 212, 216, 220–221, 221–222, 225, 295, 648
    • World economic, question of: Japanese attitude, 202; sentiment in United States concerning, 426, 449, 453; U. S. Government, attitude of, 452–453
  • Chinese decision to resist Japanese aggression, 38, 122, 415, 417, 438, 450, 531, 576, 666–667
  • Chinese declaration of war against Japan, rumors of, 63, 125, 133–134, 147–148, 169–170, 178, 250
  • Commissions. See under League of Nations, infra.
  • Correspondence. See under League of Nations and United States, infra.
  • Diplomatic relations between China and Japan, Chinese proposals for severance of, 15, 16, 20, 36–37, 38, 55, 61–62, 63, 64, 72, 77, 78
  • Foreign powers:
    • Aid and intervention of powers, Chinese desire for, 4, 10, 20, 56, 65–66, 78–79, 275
    • Attitude of certain diplomats in Japan toward use of pressure on Japan, 212, 287, 317, 330, 343, 346, 364–365, 370, 457–458
    • Belgium:
      • Recognition of “Manchoukuo”, question of, 592
      • United States:
        • Consultations with, 11n, 22, 31, 96–97, 592–593
        • U. S. identic note of Jan. 7. to China and Japan: Aide-mémoire in cognizance of, text, 31; discussions, 11n, 22
    • France:
      • Japan, alleged understanding with, 157, 166, 174, 428, 493, 566
      • Military and naval forces, 108, 120, 175, 280, 315, 689
      • Recognition of “Manchoukuo,” question of, 420, 552
      • Shanghai (see also the following under Shanghai, infra: Cessation of hostilities: Initial proposal; International Settlement: Representations: Foreign governments: France), French Concession, 87, 132, 157, 174–175
      • United States, consultations regarding—
        • Far Eastern situation, general, 1–2, 84–85, 157–158, 166–167, 173–175, 175–176, 287–289, 373–375, 428–429, 552–553
        • Nine-Power Treaty, U. S. draft declaration, 288–289, 374
        • Shanghai. See the following under Shanghai, infra: Cessation of hostilities; Initial proposal; International Settlement: Representations: Foreign governments: Joint protests.
        • U. S. identic note of Jan. 7 to China and Japan: Discussions, 2, 4–5, 10–11, 21–22; notification of parallel action by French Government, 35–36
    • Germany:
      • Nine-Power Treaty, nonratification of, 376, 442
      • Recognition of “Manchoukuo”, question of, 420
      • United States: Consultations with, 219, 289–290, 375–376, 442–443; U. S. identic note of Jan. 7 to China and Japan, German observations, 289
    • Great Britain:
      • British citizens:
        • Damage to lives and property resulting from military action at Shanghai: General, 100, 209, 368, 378, 390, 391, 393–394, 398, 433–434, 725–726, 754; killing of two British seamen, 368, 378, 390, 391; presentation of claims, 726, 754
        • Plans for evacuation from Shanghai, 85, 413, 446, 464–465
      • Military and naval forces, 84, 108, 120, 140, 145, 165, 315, 689, 691, 753–754
      • Pro-Japanese attitude, alleged, 360, 566, 614
      • Recognition of “Manchoukuo”, question of, 420, 588–589, 621
      • Sale of aviation gasoline by American and British oil companies to Chinese military, question of, 194, 210, 316–317, 334–335
      • Shanghai. See the following under Shanghai, infra: Cessation of hostilities: Initial proposal; International Settlement: Representations: Foreign governments: Great Britain.
      • Simon, Sir John:
        • Letter from Secretary Stimson expressing appreciation for cooperative efforts, text, 577
        • Statements, etc.: Feb. 12, speech before Anglo-American Press Association, 301–302; Feb. 18, statement in House of Commons regarding killing of two British seamen at Shanghai, 390, 391; Mar. 22, statement of policy on Far Eastern situation, 620–621
      • Statements of policy on Far Eastern situation:
        • Feb. 18, 388–390
        • Mar. 22, 620–621; Chinese observations concerning, 633–634
      • United States, consultations regarding—
        • Far Eastern situation, general, 61–63, 388–389, 389–390, 392, 440–442, 664–666
        • Hoover proposal. See under Proposals and suggestions for solution of dispute, infra.
        • Manchuria, Chinese Customs Administration. See Manchuria: Chinese administrative services: Customs Administration: U. S. British consultations, infra.
        • Nine-Power Treaty, draft statement. See Proposals and suggestions for solution of dispute: Nine-Power Treaty: United States: Draft of possible joint or concurrent statement, infra.
        • Shanghai. See the following under Shanghai, infra: Cessation of hostilities: Initial proposal; International Settlement: Representations: Foreign governments: Joint protests.
        • U. S. identic note of Jan. 7 to China and Japan. See under Proposals and suggestions for solution of dispute, infra.
    • Italy:
      • Lytton Commission, offer to furnish facilities for, 685
      • Military and naval forces, 108, 120, 211, 280, 315, 422, 689; accidental shelling of Libia, 422
      • Recognition of “Manchoukuo,” question of, 420
      • Shanghai. See the following under Shanghai, infra: Cessation of hostilities: Initial proposal; International Settlement: Representations: Foreign governments: Italy.
      • United States, consultations regarding—
        • Nine-Power Treaty, Italian desire to be included in action of powers, 6
        • Shanghai. See the following under Shanghai, infra: Cessation of hostilities: Initial proposal; International Settlement: Representations: Foreign governments: Joint protests.
        • U. S. identic note of Jan. 7 to China and Japan, notification and discussions, 6, 11n, 48
    • Mexico, U. S. appreciation of assurances of support in event of difficulties with Japan, 254
    • Netherlands:
      • Shanghai International Settlement, suggestion for representations to China and Japan requesting respect for neutrality of, 87
      • U. S. identic note of Jan. 7 to China and Japan, notification and acknowledgment, 11n, 23–24
    • Portugal: Shanghai International Settlement, representations to Japan against violation of neutrality of, 211; U. S. identic note of Jan. 7 to China and Japan, notification to Portuguese Government concerning, 11n
    • Russia:
      • China: Attitude toward Russian interest in Manchurian situation, 21; relations with, 25, 171, 576
      • Japan (see also Manchuria, infra):Anti-Japanese press campaign, report of, 704; nonaggression pact, Russian proposal for, 556, 557–558, 560
      • League of Nations invitation to Russia to participate in Assembly, question of, 430–431, 449
      • Manchuria:
        • Chinese Eastern Railway: Japanese military action involving, 497–498, 629, 692–693, 711, 722–723, 740; officials and employees, questions concerning, 17, 521, 733; new flag, 629; shipment of rolling stock and other railroad property to Siberia, 439, 600, 624, 646; transportation of Japanese troops, 171, 195, 454, 483, 555, 557, 558–559, 624
        • Communism, Japanese claims of and actions to combat, 46, 740
        • Damage to life and property, 247–248
        • Effect of disturbances in Manchuria on Russo-Japanese relations, 26–27, 554–560, 699, 745
        • Grain embargo to prevent Russian grain shipments from Manchuria, 439, 600, 629, 646
        • Interest of Russia in settlement of Manchurian question, Chinese views, 21
        • Military preparations in expectation of Japanese invasion of Siberia, 17, 46, 439, 559–560, 624, 646
        • Mongol leaders, attitude toward Russia, 439–440
        • Recognition of “Manchoukuo,” question of, 521, 557, 600
      • United States. See United States, infra.
    • Kellogg-Briand Pact, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 16, 28, 31, 78, 89, 92, 112, 124, 129, 134, 148, 162, 167, 178, 179, 312, 364, 388, 392, 429, 455, 524, 525, 554, 573, 577, 586, 592, 634, 650, 688, 715, 718
  • League of Nations, efforts to preserve peace:
    • Appeals by China:
      • Initial appeal under art. 11 of the Covenant, cited, 68, 86, 90, 104–107, 130–131; question of concurrent application of arts. 11 and 15, 104–107, 203
      • Request, Jan. 29, for application of arts. 10 and 15 of the Covenant; Cited, 95, 170, 298; discussions, 104–107, 130–131, 202–204, 205, 206–207, 574, 607, 737; Japanese reservations regarding application of art. 15 to Manchuria, 202, 203–204, 607, 737; question of concurrent application of arts. 11 and 15, 104–107, 203; text, 90–91
      • Request, Feb. 12, for referral of dispute to Assembly: Discussions, 296, 302–305, 307–308, 324, 351–352, 370–371, 394–395, 403; Japanese objections as to legality, 370–371, 394; resolution convoking Assembly to meet Mar. 3, 403; text, 298
    • Commissions:
      • Commission of Inquiry in Manchuria. See Lytton Commission, infra.
      • Committee of Five, 71
      • Shanghai Commission of Investigation. See under Shanghai: Cessation of hostilities: Commissions, infra.
    • Correspondence:
      • China and Japan-League:
        • Jan. 29, Chinese request for application of arts. 10 and 15 [Page 763] of League Covenant: Cited, 95, 170, 298; discussions, 104–107, 130–131, 202–204, 205, 206–207, 574, 607, 737; Japanese reservations regarding application of art. 15 to Manchuria, 202, 203–204, 607, 737; question of concurrent application of arts. 11 and 15, 104–107, 203; text, 90–91
        • Jan. 29, League expression of concern to China and Japan over Far Eastern situation, cited, 107, 363
        • Feb. 12, Chinese request for referral of dispute to Assembly: Discussions, 296, 301–305, 307–308, 324, 351–352, 370–371, 394–395, 403; Japanese objections as to legality, 370–371, 394; resolution convoking Assembly to meet Mar. 3, 403; text, 298
        • Feb. 14, Chinese submission of protest (dated Feb. 11) by Director General of National Flood Relief Commission against Japanese air bombardment of flood refugee camp, text, 329
        • Feb. 15, Japanese explanation and regrets over accidental bombing of flood refugee camp, text, 366
        • Feb. 16, appeal by League to Japan to respect treaty obligations: Cited, 389, 390, 391–392, 403, 445, 508; discussions, 276, 346, 348–349, 351–352, 353, 354–355, 361, 362; text, 363–364
        • Feb. 29, League proposal to China and Japan for cessation of hostilities. See Shanghai: Cessation of hostilities: New proposal, infra.
        • Mar. 1, Japanese acceptance of League proposal of Feb. 29, text, 496
        • Mar. 2, League acknowledgment of Japanese communication of Mar. 1 and request for information as to local arrangements for cessation of hostilities, text, 496
        • Mar. 2, Japanese reply to League communication of Mar. 2, text, 498–499
        • Mar. 2, Chinese acceptance of proposal of Feb. 29, text, 500–501
        • Mar. 8, Chinese communication quoting alleged statements by Secretary Stimson in a conversation with the Chinese Chargé in Washington: Excerpt, 545; U. S. refutation and Chinese explanation, 548, 550–552
        • Mar. 8, Japanese communication regarding necessity for Chinese cooperation in local arrangements for cessation of hostilities at Shanghai, text, 546–547
        • Mar. 11, Chinese protest against threatened seizure of customs at Antung, text, 561
        • Mar. 12, Chinese acceptance of resolution of Mar. 11, text, 585–586
        • Mar. 16, Japanese explanation in regard to Customs Administration at Antung, text, 598
        • Mar. 22, Chinese protest against Japanese seizure of customs revenue in Manchuria, text, 623–624
        • Mar. 29, Chinese communication containing reports on seizure of Manchurian customs and salt revenues, excerpts, 651–652
        • Apr. 2, Japanese denial of reports that Japanese authorities have taken measures to seize customs revenues in Manchuria, text, 668
      • United States-League:
        • Jan. 16, League notification of appointment of Gen. McCoy as American member of Lytton Commission, text, 32–33
        • Jan. 20, Gen. McCoy’s acceptance of invitation to serve on Lytton Commission, text, 40–41
        • Jan. 29, League invitation to United States to be represented on a provisional commission of inquiry for [Page 764] Shanghai, text, 94; U. S. position, 123–124, 156–157
        • Jan. 30, League invitation, superseding Jan. 29 invitation, to United States to be represented on a commission of inquiry for Shanghai: Discussion, 129–131; text, 129–130; U. S. reply, 131n
        • Mar. 4, League request for U. S. cooperation with interested powers in accordance with resolution of Mar. 4: Text, 516; U. S. reply, 517
        • Mar. 11, League notification to United States of passage of resolution of Mar. 11: Text, 568; U. S. discussions looking toward a reply, 569–572, 572–573
    • Japan, threats to withdraw from League, 204, 660–661
    • Lytton Commission (Commission of Inquiry concerning Manchuria):
      • Allusions to, 8, 9, 24, 27–28, 57, 73, 106, 245, 363, 448, 574, 718
      • Arrangements, organization, etc. (see also U. S. participation, infra), 30, 32, 42–43, 44–45, 48–53, 101, 536
      • Chairmanship, appointment of Lord Lytton to, 32, 40–41, 45
      • Chinese assessor, difficulties with authorities and surveillance by Japanese police in “Manchoukuo,” 710, 732, 748–749
      • Facilities for work of Commission, willingness of powers to furnish, 685, 686
      • Investigations regarding—
        • Manchuria, 76, 387, 621, 631, 632, 646–647, 710–711, 712–713, 737–738, 746, 747–751
        • Shanghai, 131, 598–599, 600–601, 614, 666; suggestion for utilization of Commission as neutral observers under terms of proposal for cessation of conflict, 204–205, 206–207, 216, 220
      • U. S. participation:
        • Appointment of Gen. Frank R. McCoy as U. S. representative on Commission, 4, 26, 32–33, 40–41, 44
        • Attendance at meetings of Commission by American Consul at Geneva on behalf of Gen. McCoy, 33, 41, 44–45
        • Facilities for work of Commission, U. S. arrangements for, 685, 686
        • Memorandum regarding capacity of China to exercise powers of a state, prepared for Gen. McCoy by American Consul General at Nanking, 647–651
        • Request by Gen. McCoy for transportation via U. S. naval vessel from Tientsin to Dairen, U. S. position, 695–696
    • Resolutions:
      • Sept 30, 1931, cited, 28, 35–36, 72, 423, 574
      • Oct. 24, 1931, cited, 28, 423
      • Dec. 10, 1931, cited, 4–5, 10, 22, 28, 41, 49, 72, 162, 167, 423–424, 574
      • Feb. 19, cited, 403
      • Mar. 4:
        • Cited, 531–532, 536, 569, 573, 613, 625, 671, 678, 685, 735, 736
        • Interpretation of terms, 606–607
        • Text, 515–516
        • U. S. cooperation, League request and U. S. compliance, 516, 517
      • Mar. 11:
        • Chinese acceptance, 585–586
        • Cited, 592–593, 593, 605, 661, 735, 736, 737
        • Discussions, 501–504, 508–509, 524–525, 528, 532–533, 535–536, 546, 552, 554, 562, 563–564, 573–575
        • Passage, 568
        • United States: Cooperation and interest in League action, 501–504, 508–509, 562, 563–564; letter of appreciation to Sir John Simon, text, 577; League notification of passage of resolution, text, 568; reply to League notification, discussions leading to, 569–572; statement to press, text, 572–573
      • Apr. 30, text, 735–737
    • Sanctions, invocation of art. 16 of Covenant against Japan: Chinese request for, possibility of, 15, 36, 38, 64, 68, 72, 76; discussions, 240, 285–286, 390, 441–442, 449, 452–453, 457, 552, 661, 665, 666
    • Shanghai situation. See Shanghai: Cessation of hostilities: League, infra.
    • United States. See United States: Cooperation with League, infra.
  • Lytton Commission of Inquiry. See under League of Nations, supra.
  • Manchuria, military occupation by Japan and establishment of state of “Manchoukuo”:
    • Action by Japanese armed forces:
      • Army officers, independent actions of, 113–114
      • Atrocities by Japanese troops against Chinese civilians, alleged, 33–34
      • Bandit forces, Japanese operations against, 20, 55, 79, 110, 113–114, 624, 692–693, 722–723
      • Chinchow, Japanese occupation of Jan. 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 22, 27, 28, 76, 263, 699
      • Chinese Eastern Railway. See under Foreign powers: Russia: Manchuria, supra.
      • Chinese military offensive, plans for, 377
      • Hailar, 17, 646
      • Harbin, 17, 20, 54, 79, 91, 171, 195, 247–248, 268–269, 425, 445, 454, 505–506, 624–625, 646
      • Jehol and Chahar, 25, 26, 28, 42, 54–55, 114, 387
      • Kirin, 497–498, 662, 693, 698, 711, 712, 722–723, 733, 742
      • Kowpangtze, 3
      • Manchuria Station, 17, 646
      • Mongolia, 15, 45, 46, 54, 114, 387
      • Mukden, 134, 312, 564, 698–699, 742
      • Nakamura case, cited, 699
      • Nonni River-Tsitsihar region, 7, 17, 45, 59, 263, 375, 425, 629, 680, 699, 742
      • Pinhsien, 24, 54
      • Suichung, 28
      • Troops, Japanese: Number in Manchuria, 45; transportation via Chinese Eastern Railway, 171, 195, 454, 483, 555, 557, 558–559, 624.
      • Tungliao, 31, 34
    • Chinese administrative services in Manchuria, Japanese seizure of:
      • Customs Administration:
        • Assumption of control and seizure of revenues by new state of “Manchoukuo” with assistance of Japanese authorities, 409, 561, 562–563, 591, 598, 616–617, 620–621, 621–622, 623–624, 629, 632–633, 635–636, 646, 648, 651–652, 654–657, 662, 668, 674–675, 739
        • Boxer indemnity payments, proposed assumption by “Manchoukuo,” 624
        • Foreign and domestic loan service, proposed arrangements for payment by “Manchoukuo,” 561, 591, 616, 620–621, 624, 635, 668; nonpayment of Chinese domestic loan service by “Manchoukuo,” threats of, 561, 616, 624
        • League of Nations correspondence with China and Japan concerning, texts: Mar. 11, Chinese protest against threatened seizure of customs at Antung, 561; Mar. 16, Japanese explanation in regard to Customs Administration at Antung, 598; Mar. 22, Chinese protest against Japanese seizure of customs revenue in Manchuria, 623–624; Mar. 29, Chinese reports on seizure of Manchurian customs and salt revenue, 651–652; Apr. 2, Japanese denial of reports that Japanese authorities have taken measures to seize customs revenues in Manchuria, 668
        • U. S.-British consultations and proposals for concurrent action in filing objections and reservations in regard to maintenance of the integrity of the Chinese Customs Administration in [Page 766] Manchuria, 562–563, 577, 620–621, 621–622, 632–633, 635, 654–657, 658, 661–662, 671–672, 673–676, 738–740
      • Postal Service, assumption of authority by “Manchoukuo” with assistance of Japanese, 409, 644–645, 652–653, 657–658, 662; censorship and detention of American mail by Japanese censor, 652–653, 722
      • Salt Revenue Administration, seizure of, 645, 648, 652, 663, 672, 702, 735, 739–740
    • Independent regime under Japanese military control:
      • Establishment of new state (see also Officials and Organization, infra):
        • Chinese Government: Attitude, 487, 536; statement concerning so-called independence movement in Manchuria, text, 422–424
        • Harbin: Objection of Department of State to proposed action by American Consul General in assisting National City Bank to ascertain legal status of official of Northeastern Steamship Co., 549; question of participation of U. S. official in reorganization of municipal government, 424–425, 445, 505–506, 543
        • Independence of three Northeastern Provinces of Fengtien, Kirin, and Heilungkiang, establishment of, 17, 20, 34–35, 54, 59, 350–351, 367, 386–387, 409, 529, 579–580, 742–744
        • Mongol chiefs, attitude, 439–440
        • Report on events in Manchuria by Gen. Ma Chan-shan, Chairman of Provincial Government of Heilungkiang, 741–747
        • Résumé of political developments in Manchuria by American Consul General at Mukden, 698–700
      • Officials of new regime: Japanese control of, 597–598, 602, 624–625, 700, 724, 733, 745–746; list of names, 576; resignation of Chinese officials, 600, 679–680
      • Organization of new regime and inauguration ceremonies: Arrangements, 415, 419, 463–464, 490, 517–518, 521, 529–530, 538, 547–548, 554, 564, 576, 579–580, 587, 591, 602–603, 699–700, 742, 744–746; Pu-yi (Hsuan-tung), 415, 419, 463, 518, 538, 548, 602, 644, 699, 711, 742, 744; U. S. nonacknowledgment of communications and nonacceptance of invitations from officials of new regime, 495–496, 529–530, 547–548, 587, 599–600, 636
      • Recognition of new regime, question of:
        • Belgium, 592
        • Chinese Government, declaration regarding, 586
        • France, 420, 552
        • Germany, 420
        • Great Britain, 420, 588–589, 621
        • Italy, 420
        • Japan, 452, 557, 617–618, 618
        • Russia, 521, 557, 600
        • United States: Attitude, general, 495–496, 552, 589, 592; request by Foreign Minister of “Manchoukuo” for U. S. recognition, text, 579–580; U. S. nonacknowledgment of communications and nonacceptance of invitations from officials of new regime, 495–496, 529–530, 547–548, 587, 599–600, 636
      • Request of “Manchoukuo” to adhere to International Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington, 719
    • Railway interests in Manchuria: Difficulties between Chinese and Japanese interests, 11–14, 43–44, 45, 110, 171, 195, 745; Nishihara agreements, cited, 11
    • Russia. See Foreign powers: Russia: Manchuria, supra.
    • United States:
      • Memorandum from U. S. Ambassador in Japan on aspects of Manchurian situation, 109–115.
      • Plan for solution of Manchurian situation, 688, 713–716
      • Protection of lives and property of U. S. citizens:
        • Assault at Mukden by Japanese soldiers on Mr. Culver B. Chamberlain, American Consul at Harbin, 6, 9, 15
        • Censorship and detention of American mail by Japanese censor, 652–653, 722
        • Claims: Settlement of claims resulting from Japanese military action, question of, 601; Standard Oil Co. losses from looting, question of notification of de facto authorities regarding, 672–673, 687
      • Question of participation of U. S. official in reorganization of Harbin municipal government, 424–425, 445, 505–506, 543
      • Radio Corporation of America, conclusion of contract with new regime, U. S. position, 685–686
  • Nanking, Chinese fears of extension of military action to, and Japanese assurances in connection with:
    • Bombing of city by Japanese naval vessels, 162, 163, 164, 167, 178–179, 185, 187
    • Evacuation of U. S. citizens, plans for, 60, 149–151, 185, 228, 246, 619–620
    • General, 55, 60, 80, 117, 122, 135, 148, 149–151, 162, 163, 164, 167, 178–179, 185, 187, 207–208, 227, 228, 246, 267, 275, 276, 299, 376–377, 619–620
    • Presence of Japanese naval vessels, 135, 150, 164, 207–208, 227, 267, 276, 299, 619; proposal for U. S., British, and French representations to secure withdrawal of all but one of Japanese vessels, 207–208, 227
    • Transfer of seat of Chinese Government temporarily from Nanking to Loyang, 122, 185, 148, 149–150, 172–173, 207
    • U. S. naval vessels, presence of, 164, 619
  • Nine-Power Treaty. See under Proposals and suggestions for solution of dispute, infra.
  • Political situation in Japan and relation to Sino-Japanese dispute:
    • Conflict of policy between military and civilian elements of government, 37, 63, 96–97, 108–109, 113, 167, 218, 230, 325–326, 364–365, 426, 597, 632, 728–729
    • Election, effect on situation, 251, 364, 373–374, 375, 447
    • Financial questions: Obligations resulting from military action in Manchuria and Shanghai, 326, 365, 729; U. S. loans, possible desire for, 44, 92–93
    • Public sentiment toward—
      • Shanghai situation, 325–327
      • United States, 37, 447, 458, 680, 745
  • Proposals and suggestions for solution of dispute (see also Shanghai: Cessation of hostilities, infra):
    • Arbitration, Japanese unwillingness to accept, 104–105, 536
    • China, appeals for League action. See League of Nations: Appeals by China, supra.
    • Commissions. See under League of Nations, supra.
    • Direct negotiations, Chinese attitude toward, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 56, 65, 78–79, 129, 275–276
    • Hoover, Herbert (President), proposal for personal appeal to Japanese Emperor by chiefs of state of Great Britain and United States, 124–129, 138–140, 142–143, 147; draft text, 128–129
    • International police force for Manchuria, proposed, 110, 114–115
    • Kellogg-Briand Pact, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 16, 28, 31, 78, 92, 112, 124, 129, 134, 148, 162, 167, 178, 179, 312, 364, 388, 392, 429, 455, 524, 525, 554, 573, 577, 586, 592, 634, 650, 688, 715, 718
    • Manchuria: International police force, proposed, 110, 114–115; U. S. proposals concerning, 688, 713–716
    • Mandate for Japan to restore order in Manchuria, suggested, 111, 112
    • Nine-Power Treaty (see also U. S. identic note of Jan. 7, infra):
      • Allusions to, 19, 28, 78, 112, 124, 179, 311–312, 388, 392, 423, 562, 567, 617, 634, 650, 661, 688, 715, 718, 727, 728, 740, 742
      • China:
        • Appeal to United States, France, and Great Britain as signatory powers, 10, 91–92, 134–135, 148; text, 91–92
        • Conference of signatories, Chinese interest in and U. S. objections, 16, 17–19, 21, 27, 36, 38, 40, 78, 81–82, 177–178
        • Invocation by China, proposed, 68–69, 76–77, 86, 121, 148, 170–178; position of United States and other powers, 69, 121, 176–178
      • Great Britain, proposal for Japanese declaration of intention to respect treaty provisions, 23
      • United States, steps in support of treaty principles:
        • Draft of possible joint or concurrent statement by United States, Great Britain, and other powers, discussions, 257, 261, 273, 278–284, 288–289, 292, 294–298, 304–305, 308, 324, 335–340, 341–345, 348–349, 352–356, 360, 360–362, 373, 374, 383–385, 408, 424; France, discussions with, 288–289, 374
        • Identic note of Jan. 7 to China and Japan. See U. S. identic note, infra.
        • Letter from Secretary Stimson to Senator Borah (Chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee), allusions to, 428–429, 429, 435–436, 440–441, 442, 449, 453, 454–455, 457–458, 462, 467, 470, 525–526, 532, 534, 535, 566–567, 591, 717
    • U. S. identic note of Jan. 7 to China and Japan upholding open-door principle and observance of treaty obligations:
      • Allusions to, 121, 445, 591–592, 661
      • China: Discussions, 14–15, 16, 17–18, 18–19, 25–26, 30–31, 39–40; reply, 27–29; text of U. S. note, 7–8
      • Germany, observations, 289
      • Japan, 7n, 8–9
      • League of Nations: Attitude and possible endorsement, 76, 121, 286, 577; transmittal of text of note to, 7n
      • Notification to other powers signatory to Nine-Power Treaty and suggestion for similar action:
        • Belgium: Aide-mémoire in cognizance of, 31; discussion, 22; notification, 11n
        • France: Discussions, 2, 4–5, 10–11, 21–22; information as to parallel action, 35–36; notification, 10–11
        • Great Britain: Discussions, 2, 5–6, 19, 22, 22–23, 86, 388; notification, 11n
        • Italy: Discussions, 6, 48; notification, 11n
        • Netherlands, notification and acknowledgment, 11n, 23–24
        • Portugal, notification, 11n
      • Text, 7–8
  • Protection of foreign lives and property:
    • Evacuation from places of danger:
      • Nanking, evacuation of U. S. citizens, plans for, 60, 149–151, 185, 228, 246, 619–620
      • Shanghai. See Shanghai: International Settlement: Protection of foreign lives and property: Evacuation, infra.
    • Manchuria:
      • Russia, damage to life and property, 247–248
      • United States. See Manchuria: United States: Protection of lives and property of U. S. citizens, supra.
      • Shanghai. See Shanghai: International Settlement: Protection of foreign lives and property, infra.
  • Shanghai:
    • Anti-Japanese activity by Chinese, and Japanese action to combat:
      • Boycotts and other anti-Japanese activities by Chinese, 39, 55, 61–62, 70, 71, 78, 83, 88, 93, 98, 102–103, 152, 173–174
      • Incidents involving Chinese and Japanese nationals, 39, 41–42, 46–47, 47, 53–54, 55–57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 66–68, 70, 70–71, 73–75, 76, 77–78, 82–83, 83–84, 84–85, 88–89, 93–94, 95, 98, 100–101, 102–103, 105, 151–152, 312–315
      • Japanese demands and reply by Chinese Mayor, Jan. 28, 46–47, 47, 54, 56, 58, 60, 61, 70–71, 80–81, 83, 84, 88–89, 92, 98, 99–100, 102–103, 105, 117, 134, 151–152, 313, 356, 400, 585, 604, 609
      • Japanese military operations and Chinese resistance (see also International Settlement: Military action in and near Settlement, infra):
        • Dispatch of Japanese warships and landing of troops (see also International Settlement: Military action: Japan, violation of neutrality of Settlement: Entry and landing of Japanese troops, infra), 46, 71, 76, 77–78, 88, 91, 97, 105, 108, 133, 155, 164, 171, 180, 212–213, 216, 218, 219, 220, 221, 225, 227, 229–230, 232–233, 234, 235–236, 249, 250, 255, 265, 268, 269, 270, 272, 279, 284, 286, 298–299, 313, 315, 320, 330, 331, 332, 333, 340, 378, 416, 487, 493, 495
        • Military action, 55, 83–84, 88–89, 89–90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 99–100, 103, 105, 117, 119–120, 122, 132–133, 134, 135–136, 136, 139, 148, 149, 152, 152–153, 164, 166, 169, 171, 173, 175, 179, 180, 181, 185–186, 189–191, 193, 195, 198, 199, 205, 212, 214–216, 217, 218, 225–226, 227, 228, 229, 233–234, 246, 246–247, 248–249, 250, 254–255, 255–256, 261, 262–263, 265–266, 270–271, 273, 275, 276–277, 279, 284–285, 289, 290, 291, 293–294, 298–299, 300–301, 309–310, 313–314, 315, 317–319, 320–321, 327, 330, 331, 332, 333, 338, 340, 356–357, 358, 367–369, 377, 378, 380, 395, 398–399, 444, 464, 484, 487, 491, 495, 498, 510, 595–596, 747; assistance of German ex-Army officers in direction of Chinese military plans, reports of, 332
        • Mistreatment of Chinese pastor of a Christian church by Japanese marines, 611–613
    • Cessation of hostilities:
      • China:
        • Appeal to United States, France, and Great Britain as signatories to Nine-Power Treaty, 10, 91–92, 134–135, 148
        • Invocation of arts. 10 and 15 of League Covenant, application to Shanghai situation, 90–91, 94, 104–107, 130–131, 202–203
      • Commissions of investigation:
        • Lytton Commission: Investigation of Shanghai incident, 131, 598–599, 600–601, 614, 666; suggestion for utilization of Commission as neutral observers under terms of proposal for cessation of conflict, 204–205, 206–207, 216, 220
        • Shanghai Commission of Investigation:
          • Establishment by League, 94, 95, 123–124, 129–131, 156–157, 186, 245, 323, 325, 409, 590; question of U. S. membership, 94, 95, 123–124, 129–131, 156–157
          • Reports, 254–255, 266–267, 274, 295, 333, 351, 418–419, 523–524; U. S. cooperation, 227–228, 254–255, 333, 418–419, 523–524
          • United States: Question of membership, 94, 95, 123–124, 129–131, 156–157; U. S. cooperation, 227–228, 254–255, 333, 418–419, 523–524
      • Conference at Shanghai, proposed. See New proposal, infra.
      • Defense Committee of International Settlement, attempts to establish neutral zone, 87, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143–144, 145, 149, 165, 192, 198–199, 314
      • Initial proposal by interested powers (France, Great Britain, Italy, and United States) for cessation of hostilities, Feb. 1: Chinese acceptance, 182, 186, 187, 193, 220, 229, 314, 357; good offices of four powers in efforts to obtain a peaceful settlement, 153–155, 158–165, 166–167, 167–168, 179–184, 186, 195, 196–197, 204–205, 209, 210–211, 211–213, 216, 219–225, 227, 228–229, 230, 234–240, 242, 243, 245, 245–246, 302–305, 309, 314, 324, 329, 357, 389; Japanese refusal, 179, 182, 195, 196, 204–205, 206–207, 209, 219, 220, 222, 223, 230, 314, 357, 389; terms of proposal, 167–168
      • Japanese ultimatum of Feb. 18 and Chinese refusal. See under Local efforts, infra.
      • League of Nations (see also Commissions, supra, and New proposal, infra):
        • Appeals by League Council: Jan. 26, expression to China and Japan of concern over Shanghai situation, 71–72; Feb. 9, appeal to Japan urging early peaceful solution at Shanghai, 266–267; Feb. 16, appeal to Japan to respect treaty obligations, 276, 346, 348, 351–352, 353–355, 362, 363–364, 403, 445; Feb. 19, request for extension of time limit of Japanese ultimatum, 402–403, 408
        • Resolutions by League Assembly. See League of Nations: Resolutions: Mar. 4, Mar. 11, and Apr. 20, supra.
      • Local efforts upon Japanese initiative to end hostilities: Discussions leading to arrangements for an armistice, 234–235, 238–239, 240–241, 242, 242–243, 251–252, 252–253, 261, 267, 269, 271, 272–273, 278–279, 286–287, 288, 290–292, 299–300, 306, 314, 321, 323–324, 327, 328, 349–350, 357, 368, 372, 373, 376, 377, 378, 381, 390, 392, 396, 397; Japanese ultimatum of Feb. 18, Chinese refusal, and renewal of hostilities, 371, 372, 376, 377, 381, 382, 388, 394, 398–400, 401, 402–403, 405–408, 410–411, 411–412, 412, 414, 417, 418, 420–422, 426–428, 429–430, 443–444, 447–448, 450, 456, 464, 478, 490–491, 492–493; text of Japanese ultimatum of Feb. 18, 382, 399–400
      • Neutral zone, proposed. See Defense Committee, supra.
      • New proposal, Feb. 29, by League Assembly for cessation of hostilities and for a conference at Shanghai for restoration of peaceful conditions:
        • Meetings and consultations at Geneva regarding proposal and related questions, 458–463, 465–473, 475–477, 479–482, 483, 484–486, 489–490, 493–494, 496–497, 498–501, 509, 511, 515–516, 517, 518, 519, 519–520, 522–523, 524–526, 528, 530, 532–533, 545, 546, 546–547, 548, 554, 563–564, 568, 569–572, 572–575, 585–586, 589–590, 606–607, 689, 697–698, 703–704, 704–705, 706–709, 712, 716, 724–725, 730, 735–737
        • Negotiations at Shanghai:
          • Bombing incident at Japanese military review, effect on negotiations, 733–734, 738, 741
          • Discussions, preliminary, 473–474, 477, 483, 488–489, 494–495, 497, 499, 509, 518, 519, 520, 520–521, 522, 525–526, 526–527, 537–538, 543–544, 546, 547, 548–549, 563, 575–576, 582, 583–585, 580–587, 590–591, 593–595, 598–599, 600–601
          • Formal sessions between Chinese and Japanese negotiators in presence of [Page 771] neutral observers regarding terms of armistice agreement, 604–605, 609–611, 613–616, 625–628, 629–631, 634–635, 637–641, 641–642, 652, 653–654, 658–660, 667, 669–671, 673, 677–679, 681–682, 683–685, 687, 688–689, 689–690, 692, 694–695, 697–698, 702–703, 704, 705–706, 706–707, 712, 719–721, 724, 730–732, 747, 751–753
        • Resolutions of Mar. 4, Mar. 11, and Apr. 30. See under League of Nations: Resolutions, supra.
        • Signature of Armistice agreement of May 5, and constitution of Joint Commission to supervise withdrawal of troops, 753
        • U. S. cooperation in efforts for peaceful settlement, 426–428, 448–449, 458–463, 465–472, 475–477, 480, 482, 484–486, 488–490, 493, 493–494, 501–504, 508–509, 511–515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 519–520, 521, 522–523, 525–527, 528–529, 530, 531–532, 533–535, 545, 548, 550–552, 569–572, 572–573, 577, 590–591, 593–595, 605–609, 621, 653–654, 687, 693–694, 697, 702–703, 706, 708–710, 716–719, 719–720, 721, 732, 733–734, 738, 741, 753
      • Proposals by foreign powers and by League Assembly. See Initial proposal and New proposal, supra.
    • Demilitarization of Shanghai and other ports, Japanese proposal for, 256–257, 280–282, 288–289, 382, 481, 618, 670, 717
    • French Concession, 87, 132, 157, 174–175
    • International Settlement, violation of neutrality, and efforts to defend:
      • Defense arrangements:
        • Consular Body, action of, 47, 64, 66–67, 75–76, 85, 88–89, 102–103, 116, 119, 144, 175, 200–201, 205–206, 258, 310–311, 380–381, 386, 416
        • Defense Committee, 82–83, 119–120, 136, 137, 139, 141, 143–144, 146, 149, 165, 171, 172, 187–189, 192, 314, 321; attempts to establish neutral zone, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143–144, 145, 149, 185–186, 198–199, 314
        • Foreign military and naval forces:
          • France, 108, 120, 175, 280, 315, 689
          • Great Britain, 84, 108, 120, 140, 145, 165, 315, 689, 691, 753–754
          • Italy, 108, 120, 211, 280, 315, 422, 689; accidental shelling of Libia, 422
          • Japan (see also Military action: Japan: Entry and landing of Japanese troops, infra), 108, 116, 266, 315
          • Total foreign troops, 108, 266, 315
          • United States: Forces, 84, 108, 116, 118–119, 120, 124, 133, 136, 137, 142, 146, 165, 255–256, 280, 315, 689, 691, 753–754; incident on Settlement border involving 31st Infantry Regiment, 753–754; question of withdrawal of 31st Infantry Regiment, 541–543, 553, 572, 691, 753–754; White House statement of Jan. 31, 146
        • Municipal Council:
          • Actions and responsibility for preservation of order, 47, 53–54, 62, 64, 66–67, 70, 75–76, 79–80, 80, 82–83, 88, 89, 98, 116, 118–119, 120, 131–132, 169, 311
          • Declaration of state of emergency, Jan. 28, 60, 74, 75, 79–80, 82–83, 87, 105, 131, 230–231, 356, 595
          • Japanese interference with municipal functions, 116, 151, 196, 197–198, 199, 200–201, 206, 209, 248–249, 322, 333, 369, 386, 464, 506–507, 524, 539–541; restoration of functions, 539–541
          • Municipal elections, failure of one American member to be elected, political significance, 622–623; U. S. attitude, 623
          • Policing of International Settlement: Arrangements, 42, 47, 62, 67, 68; Japanese suggestion for policing of Japanese-occupied territory contiguous to Settlement by Settlement police, 84, 97, 115, 118, 120
          • Sanitation work in extra-Settlement areas under Japanese control, necessity for, 565–566, 581
          • Volunteer corps, 47, 67, 87, 108, 119, 254–255, 256, 315
      • Military action in and near Settlement:
        • Airplane flights over Settlement by Chinese and Japanese planes, 194, 199, 210, 230, 233, 246–247, 258, 276–277, 277–278, 287, 293, 319, 320, 334, 392–393, 395, 407, 413
        • China, military action involving Settlement, 119–120, 122, 136, 140, 147, 151, 173, 259, 381, 400–401, 450
        • Japan, violation of neutrality of Settlement:
          • Atrocities against Chinese civilians by Japanese troops, alleged, 189, 198, 313–314, 333, 444
          • Entry and landing of Japanese troops in Settlement area, 62, 93, 97, 98–99, 171, 227, 230, 233, 235–236, 241, 243, 249, 250, 260, 262, 272, 313, 320, 321–322, 322, 330, 330–331, 337, 340, 366–367, 373, 378, 393, 407, 416, 422, 436–437, 438, 449, 450–451
          • Interference by Japanese military and civilians in defense sectors of other nations: Actions, 116, 119, 123, 132, 135–136, 136, 144, 146, 148, 151, 169, 171, 172, 187–189, 190, 196, 198, 199, 205, 209, 410, 414–415; Japanese claims of understanding with Municipal authorities, 96, 97, 100–101, 105, 117, 118, 148, 165, 192–193, 314–315; U. S. efforts to avoid clash with Japanese forces in U. S. defense sector, 116, 118–119, 120, 123, 124, 136, 188–189, 199, 205, 208, 209, 410, 414–415
          • Prisoners of war: Chinese civilians detained in International Settlement by Japanese, efforts of Municipal Council and Consular Body to obtain release of, 226–227, 232–233, 249, 310–311; Chinese combatant prisoners, release of, 588
          • Use of Settlement by Japanese troops as base of attack against Chinese, 98, 100, 116, 118, 119, 119–120, 128, 131–132, 133, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141–142, 144, 145, 146, 148, 151, 169, 171, 174, 176, 189, 191, 192–193, 199–200, 209, 231–232, 235, 238, 259, 260, 262, 268, 269, 277, 289, 309, 313, 330–331, 337, 339, 345, 346–348, 350, 353, 358, 359, 359–360, 370, 371, 385, 389, 400–401, 405–406, 418–419, 422, 432–436, 437–438, 438, 449, 450–451, 455
      • Municipal Council. See under Defense arrangements, supra.
      • Neutrality of Settlement, violation by Japan. See Military action: Japan, supra.
      • Protection of foreign lives and property:
        • Damage to lives and property resulting from military action:
          • France, 209
          • Great Britain: General, 100, 209, 368, 378, 390, 391, 393–394, 398, 433–434, 725–726, 754; killing of [Page 773] two British seamen, 368, 378, 390, 391; presentation of claims, 726, 754
          • Trade and shipping, 215, 380–381, 455–456
          • United States: General, 59, 81, 199, 209, 215, 249, 269, 272, 328, 378–379, 381, 393–394, 398, 419–420, 433–434, 491–492, 495, 561–562, 581–582, 700–701, 723–724, 725–726, 754; presentation of claims, 478, 578–579, 700–701, 723–724, 725–726, 754; Radio Corporation of America, Chenju station, representations to Japanese authorities for protection of, 59, 81, 491–492, 495, 561–562, 686
        • Evacuation plans:
          • France, 446
          • Great Britain, 85, 413, 446, 464–465
          • United States, 74, 83, 85, 133, 331–332, 352, 395–396, 397, 399, 412–413, 446, 464–465
      • Representations and protests regarding violation of neutrality of International Settlement:
        • Foreign governments:
          • France (see also Joint protests, infra), 157, 173–174, 175–176, 198, 201
          • Great Britain (see also Joint protests, infra), 93–94, 98–100, 115–116, 128, 133, 137–138, 146, 174, 196, 197–198, 201
          • Italy (see also Joint protests, infra), 116, 198, 201, 210–211
          • Joint protests to Japan by France, Great Britain, Italy, and United States regarding damage to International Settlement, discussions, 338–340, 344–345, 345, 346–348, 350, 352–353, 359–360, 362–363, 370, 373–374, 375, 398; regarding use of Settlement for military operations, 432–435, 436–437, 450–451
          • Netherlands, 87
          • Portugal, 211
          • United States (see also Joint protests, supra), 62–63, 86, 128, 132, 147, 198, 201, 209, 214
        • Municipal authorities, 116, 119, 187–189, 198–199, 200–201, 205–206, 258, 259–260, 416, 437–438
        • Pastor of Community Church and other individuals, desire for strong protest against Japanese actions by U. S. and other Governments, 116, 208, 214; U. S. reply, 214
  • Shanhaikuan, Japanese military advance on, 7, 28
  • Soochow, Japanese aerial demonstrations over, 437, 451
  • Tientsin: Dispatch of Japanese troops and military supplies to, 7, 28, 486, 491; Japanese military threats to, 25, 38
  • Treaties:
    • Boxer Protocol (1901), cited, 241
    • Kellogg-Briand Pact. See Kellogg-Briand Pact, supra.
    • League Covenant, invocation of. See League of Nations: Appeals by China, supra.
    • Nine-Power Treaty (1922). See-under Proposals and suggestions for solution of dispute, supra.
    • Portsmouth Treaty (Japan-Russia, 1905), cited, 555, 557, 558–559
    • Sino-Japanese treaties concerning Manchuria, cited: Dec. 22, 1905, 11, 12, 14, 713; Map 25, 1915, 2, 6, 8, 110, 311
  • United States (see also U. S. citizens, U. S. commercial interests, U. S. military and naval forces, and U. S. Senate, infra):
    • Arms and munitions: U. S. export restrictions regarding China, question of application to Japan, 431–432, 452; U. S. surplus stocks of war material, Chinese [Page 774] interest in obtaining, and U. S. policy on disposition of, 663–664, 668–669
    • Cooperation with League of Nations in efforts to preserve peace:
      • Commissions. See League of Nations: Lytton Commission: U. S. participation, supra; also Shanghai: Cessation of hostilities: Commissions: Shanghai Commission of Investigation: United States, supra.
      • Correspondence:
        • Jan. 16, League notification of appointment of Gen. McCoy as American member of Lytton Commission, text, 32–33
        • Jan. 20, Gen. McCoy’s acceptance of invitation to serve on Lytton Commission, text, 40–41
        • Jan. 29, League invitation to United States to be represented on a provisional commission of inquiry for Shanghai, text, 94; U. S. position, 123–124, 156–157
        • Jan. 30, League invitation, superseding Jan. 29 invitation, to United States to be represented on a commission of inquiry for Shanghai: Discussion, 129–131; text, 129–130; U. S. reply, 131n
        • Mar. 4, League request for U. S. cooperation with interested powers in accordance with resolution of Mar. 4: Text, 516; U. S. reply, 517
        • Mar. 11, League notification to United States of passage of resolution of Mar. 11: Text, 568; U. S. discussions looking toward a reply, 569–572, 572–573
      • Exchange of views and information with League officials, 57, 69, 71–73, 77, 85–86, 94, 94–95, 95, 121, 123–124, 129–131, 156–157, 176–178, 202–205, 206–207, 219–221, 230, 234–240, 240, 244, 245–246, 251–252, 276, 283, 285–286, 292, 295, 301–305, 305–306, 306, 323, 324, 329, 336–337, 340, 341–344, 352–356, 356–358, 392, 397, 406–407, 425–426, 429, 431, 435, 452–453, 456–457, 458–462, 462–463, 465–473, 475–477, 493–494, 501–504, 508–509, 511–515, 519, 522–523, 523, 524–525, 525, 530, 563–564, 569–572, 593, 707–710, 734–735
      • Nonassumption of exclusive responsibility for settlement of dispute, and desire for League action, 274, 283, 291, 292, 303–304, 305–306, 306, 324, 429, 441, 442–443, 453, 535
      • Noncooperation with Council, alleged, 329
      • Policy of independent action through diplomatic channels and reenforcement of League action, 5, 10, 73, 123–124, 306
      • Representation at League meetings: Arrangements for liaison with Council, 40, 41, 43, 57, 65, 77, 170, 274, 283; invitation to United States to participate in Assembly, question of, 324, 402, 430–431, 449, 452, 456–457
    • Correspondence:
      • China and Japan-United States:
        • Jan. 7, U. S. identic note to China and Japan. See Proposals and suggestions for solution of dispute: U. S. identic note, supra.
        • Jan. 29, Chinese appeal to United States, France, and Great Britain as signatories to Nine-Power Treaty, text, 91–92
        • Jan. 30, Chinese request for U. S. action under Nine-Power Treaty in Shanghai situation, text, 134–135
        • Jan. 31, Chinese protest against Japanese use of International Settlement at Shanghai as base of attack against Chinese forces, text, 168–169
        • Feb. 1, Proposal of powers to China and Japan for cessation of conflict, text, 167–168
        • Feb. 2, Chinese acceptance of proposal for cessation of hostilities, text, 187
        • Feb. 3, Chinese further suggestions in regard to proposal for cessation of conflict, text, 193
        • Feb. 5, Two notes from Chinese Government in further protest against Japanese use of International Settlement as military base, texts, 231–232
        • Feb. 9, Appeal to United States from ten Chinese Associations in Shanghai, text, 262–264
        • Undated, Statement by Chinese Government summarizing Sino-Japanese dispute, text, 311–315
        • Feb. 14, Chinese further protest against Japanese use of International Settlement as base of attack, text, 330–331
        • Mar. 24, Observations by Chinese Foreign Minister on statement by British Foreign Secretary in Parliament on Mar. 22, summary, 633–634
      • League–United States. See Cooperation with League: Correspondence, supra.
    • Discussions with—
      • Belgium, 11n, 22, 31, 96–97, 592–593
      • China, 9–10, 16, 18–19, 20–21, 21, 30–31, 36–39, 39–40, 55–57, 65, 78–79, 108, 147–148, 176–177, 245–246, 253, 262–264, 309–310, 396, 438–439, 519, 531–532, 537–538, 550–552, 685–686, 726–730
      • France. See Foreign powers: France: United States, supra.
      • Germany, 219, 289–290, 375–376, 442–443
      • Great Britain. See Foreign powers: Great Britain: United States, supra.
      • Italy. See Foreign powers: Italy: United States, supra.
      • Mexico, 254
      • Netherlands, 11n, 23–24, 87
      • Portugal, 11n, 211
    • Recognition of “Manchoukuo,” question of. See Manchuria: Independent regime: Recognition: United States, supra.
  • U. S. citizens:
    • Assault at Mukden by Japanese soldiers upon Mr. Culver B. Chamberlain, American Consul at Harbin, 6, 9, 15
    • Censorship and detention of American mail by Japanese authorities in Manchuria, 652–653, 722
    • Evacuation of American citizens from places of danger:
      • Nanking, plans for, 60, 149–151, 185, 228, 246, 619–620
      • Shanghai, plans for, 74, 83, 85, 133, 331–332, 352, 395–396, 397, 399, 412–413, 446, 464–465
    • Manchuria, question of participation of U. S. official in reorganization of Harbin municipal government, 424–425, 445, 505–506, 543
    • Short, Robert, American aviator, reported death in air battle with Japanese planes, Japanese representations and U. S. position regarding, 451, 504–505
  • U. S. commercial interests:
    • Andersen, Meyer & Co., 700–701, 723
    • Aviation gasoline, sale to Chinese military by American and British oil companies, question of, 194, 210, 316–317, 334–335
    • Blockade of Shanghai and other Yangtze ports by Japanese, possibility of, effect on U. S. and other foreign interests, 55, 56, 61–62, 63, 85, 217, 228, 286; U. S. policy regarding “pacific” blockade, 85
    • Boycott, anti-Japanese:
      • Arms embargo, question of application to Japan of U. S. export restrictions regarding China, 431–432, 452
      • World economic, question of: Japanese attitude, 202, 458; sentiment in United States concerning, 426, 449, 453; U. S. Government, attitude of, 452–453
    • China, possibility of U. S. financial and material support for, unofficial inquiry by Wellington Koo concerning, 415
    • Claims for damages resulting from military action:
      • Manchuria: Settlement of claims resulting from Japanese military action, question of, 601; Standard Oil Co. losses from looting, question of notification of de facto authorities, 672–673, 687
      • Shanghai, damage to U. S. lives and property, 59, 81, 199, 209, 215, 249, 269, 272, 328, 378–379, 381, 393–394, 398, 419–420, 433–484, 491–492, 495, 561–562, 581–582, 700–701, 723–724, 725–726, 754; presentation of claims, 478, 578–579, 700–701, 723–724, 725–726, 754
    • Radio Corporation of America: Manchuria, 685–686; Shanghai, Chenju station, 59, 81, 491–492, 495, 561–562, 686
    • Robert Dollar Co., 700, 723
    • Standard Oil Co.: Manchuria, question of notification of de facto authorities regarding losses from looting, 672–673, 687; Shanghai, firing on Standard Oil Co. ship, 369
  • U. S. military and naval forces:
    • Asiatic Fleet, 63, 137, 197
    • Chinese desire for services of American aviators in training of Chinese military aviators, and U. S. refusal to allow participation of U. S. military personnel, 582–583, 630–637, 643, 680–681, 696, 702
    • Nanking, naval forces at, 150–151, 164, 619
    • Shanghai:
      • U. S. military and naval forces at, 84, 108, 116, 118–119, 120, 124, 133, 136, 137, 142, 146, 153, 165, 255–256, 280, 315, 689, 691, 753–754
      • U. S. Thirty-first Infantry Regiment: Duties at Shanghai International Settlement, 146, 255–256; incident at Settlement border involving members of, 753–754; question of withdrawal of, 541–543, 553, 572, 691, 753–754
  • U. S. Senate, interest in Manchurian situation, 2, 40
• Soochow, Japanese aerial demonstrations over, 437, 451
• Soong, T. V., 38, 117, 122, 149–150, 187, 309, 368, 632, 636–637, 672
• Standard Oil Co.: Manchuria, question of notification of de facto authorities regarding losses from looting, 672–673, 687; Shanghai, firing on Standard Oil Co. ship, 369
• Stimson, Henry L., letter to Senator Borah (Chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee), Feb. 28, relative to the Nine-Power Treaty, 428–429, 429, 435–436, 440–441, 442, 449, 453, 454–455, 457–458, 462, 467, 470, 525–526, 532, 534, 535, 566–567, 591, 717
• Sun Fo, 25, 61, 64, 78, 275, 454, 613
• Tientsin: Japanese military threats to, 25, 38; Japanese troops and military supplies at, 7, 28, 486, 491
• Treaties, conventions, etc. (see also under Sino-Japanese dispute):
  • Agreement for Chinese Government five percent gold loan of 1912, cited, 672
  • Boxer Protocol of 1901, cited, 241
  • International Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington (1921), desire of “Manchoukuo” to adhere to, 719
  • Versailles treaty, question of revision of, 591–592
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Sino-Japanese dispute: Foreign powers: Russia.
• United States. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
• U. S. citizens. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
• U. S. commercial interests. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
• U. S. military and naval forces. See under Sino-Japanese dispute.
• U. S. Senate, interest in Manchurian situation, 2, 40
• U. S. war material, Chinese interest in obtaining surplus stocks of, and U. S. policy on disposition of, 663–664, 668–669
• Versailles treaty, question of revision of, 591–592
• Wang Ching-wei, 21, 25, 55–56, 64, 65, 78, 91, 117, 122, 148, 299, 531, 614, 724
• Washington Conference of 1922, cited, 56, 125n, 311, 427
• White House statement of Jan. 31 on protection of American citizens at Shanghai, text, 146
• Yangtze River valley, possibility of blockade of Shanghai and other Yangtze ports by Japan, effect on U. S. and other foreign interests, 55, 56, 61–62, 63, 85, 217, 228, 276, 286