Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1918, Russia, Volume III
Index
[Page [318]]
[Page 319]
- Advisory Commission of Railway Experts to Russia (see also
Railways; Russian Railway
Service Corps; Stevens):
- arrival, 192.
- authority, 186–187, 190–191, 204,
205; Japanese attitude, 257.
- European Russia, activities, 198, 203, 204,
206, 209, 215, 251.
- finances, 223.
- formation, 183, 184, 187–188, 189,
191, 249, 250.
- November revolution, suspension of activities, 206, 207–208, 209,
210, 217–219, 220.
- Provisional Government, relations: approval, 185, 188, 190, 191,
195–196,
197, 204; Ministry of Ways of Communication, 189–190, 200, 202,
203, 207, 246, 249, 250–251, 285;
plans, 186–187, 187–188.
- Soviet régime: aid sought, 225, 226, 227–228; conference planned, 227–228, 229, 230,
231, 233, 238; relations, 218–219, 234; Russian attitude, 231, 234,
235–236;
U. S. attitude, 225, 226, 227,
229, 230, 231–232, 234, 235–236.
- Trans-Siberian Railway, activities, 197, 198, 202, 203,
205, 250–251.
- U. S. Government, instructions, 196–197, 209.
- Vladivostok shops, 22, 186–187, 192, 193–194, 195,
202, 217, 249, 267, 269.
- Allied and American Governments (see also
under individual countries; Diplomatic
Missions; World War):
- commission, political, in Siberia, plan, 142.
- noninterference in Russian affairs, 257.
- representatives and nationals: confiscation of property, 38–39;
detention, 58; opening of safety vaults,
protest, 31, 36; repudiation of loans, protest, 33, 34, 36, 116.
- war, state of, with Soviet Russia, discussion, 59.
- Allied bank, discussion, 57–58, 61–62, 69.
- Allied military council, Vladivostok, 241,
247, 257–258.
- Allies Purchasing Commission, 109.
- All-Russian provisional government (see
also
Kolchak):
- currency: consent to order sought, 79–80; foreign plans,
attitude, 88–89; shipment sought of issue for Russian State Bank, 84–85.
- intervention, attitude, 281.
- Kolchak, Supreme Governor,
287, 305.
- railways, attitude toward foreign aid, 224, 270–271, 274.
- American Red Cross Commission to Russia, 31,
131, 134, 154–155, 271, 294.
- Manchuria, refugees, 130, 133–134.
- railways, 218.
- Soviet régime: contacts, 106, 117; U. S. attitude toward cooperation,
106, 118, 158, 160.
- supplies, 138, 144, 146–147, 158.
- Americans, unofficial, views, 106, 117.
- Archangel (see also
Currency; Northern region;
North Russia):
- Allied forces, 57.
- Allied and American interests, 112,
113, 156, 187.
- food supply: Allied and American shipments, 144–145, 146, 155;
British shipments, 112, 142, 144–145; conditions, 112, 138, 146, 158;
expenses, allotment of, 138, 143, 157.
- munitions, 110–111, 113; shipment by Soviet
to interior, 111–112, 228.
- Bakhmeteff, Boris, 9.
- Bakhmeteff mission. See
Russian Extraordinary Embassy.
- Bank, Allied, discussion, 57–58, 61–64, 69.
- Bank notes, Russian, shipment to Vladivostok, 74–75, 84–85, 98,
100, 101;
Russian attitude, 89, 91, 97–98,
100; U. S. attitude, 85, 91–92,
96–97, 100–101.
- Banks, 58, 59, 78, 168.
- closure, 31, 39, 216.
- deposits assured, 48.
- nationalization, 133.
- safety vaults, interference by Soviet regime, 30–31; Consular Corps,
protest, 31, 36.
- Bolsheviks (see also
Red Army; Revolution,
November; Soviet régime):
- Germans, relations, 38, 48, 59, 158.
- popular attitude, 219.
- prisoners of war, relations, 235, 237.
- Provisional ‘Government, relations, 14,
19, 24.
- repudiation of loans, attitude, 35.
- Bonds. See
Interest; Interest-bearing
papers.
- Bukowski, Lieut. Peter I., 161.
- Cadet Party. See
Constitutional Democratic Party.
- Central Executive Committee, All-Russian, attitude toward
repudiation of loans, 31–32.
- Central powers, exception from annulment of loans; 38.
- Central Union of Consumers’ Societies, All-Russian, 132–133, 166, 167, 168.
- Charter of merchant ships to U. S. Shipping Board, 55–56, 308–309, 311–312.
- Chicherin, George V., protest
against seizure of merchant shipping, 313–314.
- China (see also
Chinese Eastern Railway; Diplomatic Missions; Manchuria):
- embargo on exports to Russia, 123,
172, 173, 175, 281; Allied attitude, 174,
176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182; British attitude, 174, 176;
Chinese statements, 173, 176, 177,
181; French attitude, 176, 181;
raising of, 175, 177, 180, 181; Russian attitude, 127, 173,
174, 175, 176; Sungari River,
restrictions, 182; U. S. attitude, 129, 172,
173–174,
175, 176–177, 178–179, 180, 181–182.
- Japan, relations, 244, 256.
- railways, attitude toward operation by Stevens, 243–244, 248,
256, 259, 266.
- Chinese Eastern Railway (see also
Railways; Trans-Siberian
Railway):
- Czecho-Slovaks, activities, 256.
- defects: congestion at Vladivostok and other points, 20, 186, 187, 190,
202, 217, 250, 299, 301; military forces,
inability to aid, 300; rolling stock,
deterioration, 283.
- elimination from plans, discussion, 286, 291.
- embargo, 281.
- French investors, 244, 253, 268.
- gauge, Japanese suggestion, 239–240.
- Harbin shop, 220, 269.
- Horvat, Gen. Dmitri L.,
240, 256; Czecho-Slovaks, relations, 256; Japan, relations, 247,
248, 253, 257, 279, 283–284; Stevens, relations, 268,
270, 274, 276, 277, 305.
- Japan: control, reports, 248, 276, 283–284, 287,
298; forces, 239, 277, 278–280, 281, 286–288; gauge, suggestion, 239–240;
loan, 243, 246–247.
- martial law, 256.
- military protection, 258, 270; Chinese, 221; Japanese plan, 262, 263; U. S. attitude, 263, 272,
276, 277, 278.
- noninterference with existing rights: Russian attitude, 259–261, 264–266, 268, 269; U.
S. statements, 253, 256, 260,
278, 285, 300.
- organization, 244, 260, 265.
- U. S. railway agencies, activities, 218–219, 220–221, 221–222, 223, 224,
226, 229, 231, 232, 234, 251.
- Clothing, shipments, 153, 154.
- Commissars, Soviet of People’s, attitude toward repudiation of loans, 31.
- Communication, Ministry of Ways of, relations with U. S.
railway agencies, 189–190, 191, 200, 202, 203, 207, 246, 249, 250–251, 285.
- Confiscation (see also
Nationalization), 38–39.
- Diplomatic Missions, protest, 33, 36.
- Congress of Soviets of Workmen’s and Soldiers’ Deputies, All-Russian, 16.
- Constitutional Democratic Party, 19.
- resignation of ministers, 14.
- Contributions levied, 39.
- Conversion (emission) office:
- British plan for currency, 67–68, 72, 81, 96.
- establishment by government of northern region, 90–91.
- government loan, 95.
- Cooperative Societies, 32, 94, 128.
- appeal to United States for food, 130–132.
- Central Union of Consumers’ Societies, All-Russian, 132–133, 166, 167,
168.
- trade with United States, 113, 118, 122,
153, 156, 163.
- Cossacks, 235, 282.
- Cotton, 114–115,
127.
- Council of National Defense, U. S., 183.
- Currency:
- Allied and American forces, payment, 49, 69, 72, 79.
- Allied bank: British plan, 57–58; French plan, 69; Russian plan, 61–64.
- all-Russian issue, U. S. plan, 73–74, 78, 87; British attitude, 76.
- Bolshevik, issue, 68, 72, 81.
- emission (conversion) office, British plan, 67–68, 72, 81, 96; establishment by government of northern region, 90–91;
government loan, 95.
- French issue in Siberia, discussion, 83, 84, 86–87.
- Inter-Allied Council on War Purchases and Finance, views, 82–84.
- Japanese yen, 65, 83.
- northern region: British plan, 66, 67–68, 69–70, 75–76;
conversion (emission) office, 67–68, 72, 81, 90–91, 95, 96; discussion, 68, 70–71, 80–82, 86–87, 90; issue, 88, 89, 90–91, 92–93;
operation, 71, 72, 79, 92–93, 94–95, 98–100; shortage, 58, 72, 92; text of note, 89; U. S. attitude, 72–74, 77, 82.
- Provisional Government issue, 81; order
placed in the United States, 84, 96.
- Russian bank notes: consent to order sought, 79–80; Russian attitude toward
shipment, 89, 91, 97–98, 100; shipment to
Vladivostok, 74–75, 84–86, 98, 100, 101; U. S. attitude,
85, 91–92, 96–97, 100–101.
- Russian Embassy, Washington, plan, 59–64.
- Siberia: British attitude, 68, 70, 71, 75–76, 86, 96;
discussion, 65, 82–84; Russian attitude, 88–89, 93–94;
shortage, 64, 65, 79, 87–88; trade notes, 93–94, 99–100; U. S.
plans, 64, 87–88, 93–94, 95, 100; Vladivostok, plan of
representatives at, 78–79, 87–88.
- trade notes, 93–94, 99–100.
- Czecho-Slovak forces:
- Chinese Eastern Railway, activities, 256.
- France, relations, 83.
- Russian Railway Service Corps, relations, 237, 238.
- Siberian anabasis, 132, 181, 236,
238.
- Trans-Siberian Railway: control, 181,
182, 277; Japanese aid, plan, 139;
operation by Stevens,
attitude, 262, 263, 270; U. S. control,
attitude, 245.
- United States: financial aid and supplies, 153, 292, 300; military aid, 294.
- Vladivostok, capture from Soviet, 181,
237.
- Darcy, Pierre, 114, 166, 167.
- Darling, W. L., 191, 197, 198.
- Decrees, Soviet (see also
Banks):
- dividends, cessation of payment, 42n.
- interest-bearing papers, registration, 42–43.
- loans and notes, annulment, 38–39.
- loans, state, repudiation, 29, 31–33.
- Denmark:
- Russian notice of safety of deposits in Russia, 48.
- Diplomatic Missions (see also
Allied and American Governments):
- nationalization of land, attitude, 35.
- repudiation of loans, protest, 33, 36; Bolshevik response, 35; U. S. attitude, 36, 114, 115.
- safety vaults, attitude toward opening, 31, 36.
- Dividends, Soviet decree, 42n.
- Dora, 109–111.
- Dye, Alexander V., 164.
- Eliot, Sir Charles, 139, 288.
- Embargo (see also
Exports to Russia):
- China to Russia, 123, 172, 173,
175, 281; Allied attitude, 174, 176, 177,
178, 179, 180, 182; British attitude, 174,
176; Chinese statements, 173, 176,
177, 181; French attitude, 176, 181; raising of, 175, 177, 180, 181;
Russian attitude, 127, 173, 174,
175, 176; Sungari River, restrictions, 182; U. S. attitude, 129,
172, 173–174, 175, 176–177, 178–179, 180,
181–182.
- Great Britain to Russia, discussion, 104, 105.
- United States to Russia, discussion, 104, 105, 108, 111.
- Emerson, Col. George
H., 201, 202, 208, 209, 210, 248
279, 280.
- Chinese Eastern Railway, activities, 222, 223, 280.
- good offices between Czech and Soviet forces, 238n.
- Japan, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215,
217, 220, 221.
- Soviet régime, proposed conference, 227, 230, 231, 233,
234, 235, 238; Russian criticism, 231, 235; U.
S. views, 231–232, 235–236.
- Emission (conversion) office, government of the northern region, 67–68, 72, 81, 96.
- establishment, 90–91.
- government loan, 95.
- Endicott, Lieut. Col. William, 146, 158.
- Export licenses, U. S. (see also
Transit licenses), 104, 122, 149, 151, 164, 182.
- Exports of Russia, efforts to increase, 21–22, 119.
- Exports to Russia, restriction of (see
also
Embargo; War Trade
Board):
- British attitude, 104, 105, 110.
- transit shipments, 105–106.
- U. S. attitude, 103, 104, 105,
107, 108, 109, 111, 116, 122, 174.
- Federal government of Russia, plans, 35.
- Financial adviser, government of the northern region, 90, 91.
- Finland:
- food imports: from Siberia, 231–232; via Sweden, 105–106.
- independence, struggle for, 17.
- Russian garrisons, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24, 26.
- Fishing industry, release sought of chartered steamers, 310–311, 311–312, 313–314, 315, 316.
- Flax, 117, 119,
121, 132, 138, 140–141, 146, 156, 159, 168.
- Food supply:
- Allied and American shipments, 104–105, 144–145, 146, 155.
- Archangel and Murmansk districts, expenses of rationing, 138, 143,
157.
- British shipments, 112, 142, 144–145.
- distribution, defects, 200, 204, 250.
- Finland: imports from Siberia, 231–232; via Sweden, 105–106.
- hoarding, 133.
- Masaryk, plan, 120–121.
- Russian shipments, 154, 159–160, 171–172.
- shortage, 133, 250; Caucasus, 204; north
Russia, 112, 126, 128–129, 130–132, 138,
143–144,
146, 158; Petrograd, 154–155, 158.
- Siberian grain, importance, 130–131, 132.
- U. S. shipments, plans, 112, 128–129, 132, 138.
- France (see also
Allied and American Governments; Diplomatic Missions; Loans; Military Missions; Supplies; Tovaro-Obmien;
World War):
- Chinese Eastern Railway, French investors, 244, 253, 268.
- commissioner in Siberia, 79, 242, 259.
- currency, plan, 83, 84, 86–87.
- Czecho-Slovak Army, financial aid, 83.
- expenditures in European Russia, 143,
157.
- Japanese forces in Siberia, attitude toward excess numbers, 287–288.
- Military Mission, aid to Red Army, 225.
- railways, attitude toward operation by Stevens, 259, 262, 267–268, 288.
- warships asked to leave Arctic ports, 128.
- Gaida, Gen. G. R., 256.
- Germany (see also
Central powers; Prisoners; World War):
- Bolsheviks, relations, 38, 48, 59, 158.
- commission in Russia, 35n.
- Siberia, reports of activities, 220.
- supplies obtainable in Russia, 35, 107–108, 117, 127,
132, 155–156.
- trade with Russia, 35.
- warships, Allied and American, attitude toward stay in Russian
ports, 128.
- Good offices of U. S. representative between Czech and Soviet forces, 238n.
- Goods Exchange. See
Tovaro-Obmien.
- Graves, Maj. Gen. William S., 95, 258, 278, 281.
- Great Britain (see also
Allied and American Governments; Currency; Diplomatic
Missions; Loans; Military Missions; Supplies; Tovaro-Obmien; World War):
- Archangel: food shipments, 112, 142, 144–145, 146,
155, 157, 158; forces, 57; interests, 112, 113, 156, 187;
munitions, attitude, 110–111, 111–112, 228.
- commission, economic, in Siberia, attitude toward U. S. plan, 134–136.
- commissioners in Siberia, 79, 141, 242,
259.
- Cossacks, relations, 282.
- embargo on shipments to Russia, discussion, 104, 105.
- expenditures in European Russia, 138,
143, 157.
- interest on Russian obligations, payment of, 44–46.
- merchant shipping, requisition, 310,
312–313,
315; Soviet protest, 314; U. S. attitude, 312, 313.
- railways: attitude toward operation by Stevens, 262, 263–264, 268, 272,
273, 282–283, 288, 298,
299; experts, commission of, 288, 298,
299.
- repudiation of loans, attitude, 33,
35, 45–46.
- Siberian government, attitude, 288.
- supplies purchased by Russia, sale to meet obligations, 37.
- supplies, restricting to the enemy, plan, 109–111.
- trade between Russia and neutrals, plan to control, 137; U. S. attitude, 145–146.
- trade in Siberia, plan, 134–136, 141–142.
- Volunteer Fleet, relations, 310.
- warships asked to leave Russian ports, 128.
- Heid, August, 150, 158.
- Horvat, Gen. Dmitri L., 240, 256.
- Czecho-Slovaks, relations, 256.
- Japan, relations, 247, 248, 253,
257, 279, 283–284.
- railway control by Stevens,
views, 268, 270, 274, 276, 277,
305.
- Hostages, 58.
- Import licenses, 153, 159.
- Impounding of Russian assets, 36–38.
- Industrial interests, U. S., confiscation, 39.
- Inter-Allied bank. See
Allied bank.
- Inter-Allied Conference at Paris, 27–28.
- Inter-Allied Council on War Purchases and Finance:
- currency, discussion, 82–84.
- repudiation of loans, resolution, 34–35.
- Inter-Allied Priority Board, 102.
- Interest on loans privately owned, Russian payments, January
1918 to January 1919, 30, 37, 38, 39–41, 44, 53, 54, 55, 56; U.S. attitude,
38, 56.
- Interest on Russian obligations, British Treasury payments, 44–45.
- Interest on U. S. loans, postponement sought, 49–51; Russian attitude, 49–51, 54–55; U. S. attitude,
51, 52, 53–54, 55–56.
- Interest-bearing papers, Soviet decree, 30, 33, 42–43.
- Interpreters, activities, 211, 212, 217.
- Intervention:
- discussion, 143, 221, 228; Masaryk, alternative plan, 120–121;
May-dell, alternative plan, 124, 126.
- Russian attitude: All-Russian provisional government, 281; Cooperatives, 131; Soviet request for aid awaited, 228.
- Italy (see also
Diplomatic Missions):
- railways, attitude toward operation by Stevens, 261–262, 287.
- representative in Siberia, 139.
- Jack, Col. Archibald, 288, 298, 299.
- Janin, Gen. Maurice, 153.
- Japan (see also
Allied and American Governments; Diplomatic Missions):
- China, relations, 244, 256.
- commission, economic, in Siberia, plan, 138.
- commissioner in Siberia, attitude, 242.
- Czecho-Slovaks, plan to aid, 139.
- General Staff, initiative, 245, 247, 258,
290
- Horvat, relations, 247, 248,
253, 257, 279, 283–284.
- Manchuria, forces in, 239, 277, 278–280, 281,
287; U. S. attitude, 240.
- monopoly, military and commercial, 278–280, 281, 284.
- noninterference in Russian affairs, attitude, 257.
- railways: Chinese Eastern, activities, 242, 248, 276, 278–280, 283–284, 287,
298; control, discussion, 239, 242,
245, 283–284, 298; forces, 239, 277, 278–280, 281, 286,
287; gauge, suggestion, 239–240;
loan, 243, 246–247; operation by
Stevens, attitude, 220, 222,
241–242,
247, 253, 257–258, 262, 263, 274,
277, 280; plans, alternative, 283–284, 286,
287, 291; U. S. attitude toward control, 242–243.
- representative in Siberia, 79, 139, 242.
- rice riots, 139.
- Semenov, relations, 235, 287.
- Siberia: forces, numbers in excess, 239, 278–279; French attitude toward excess
numbers, 287–288; initiative by General Staff, 245, 247, 258, 290;
joint action with United States, 58;
withdrawal of forces, partial, 302.
- United States, criticism of active ties in Siberia, 293–294.
- Kamchatka:
- cession, rumor, 25, 26.
- fishing industry, protests in behalf of, 310–311, 313–314;
Russian Embassy, Washington, attitude, 311–312; U. S. attitude, 315, 316.
- Kerensky, Alexander F., 16, 19, 24, 27–28, 81, 205.
- Kiev, conflicts to gain, 35.
- Kinoshita, Yoshio, 139, 241, 280, 283, 284.
- Kishinev, charter of, 308, 310, 311, 313, 314, 315.
- Klotz, Louis Lucien, 34.
- Knox, Maj. Gen. Alfred W. F., 288, 305.
- Kolchak, Admiral Alexander
V., régime of (see also
All-Russian provisional government):
- currency: bank notes, shipment from United States sought, 91–92; foreign,
attitude, 93–94.
- railways, attitude toward operation by Stevens, 288, 298, 300.
- state loans, attitude, 52–53, 55.
- Supreme Governor, 287, 305.
- Labor (see also
Railway employees):
- Land, attitude of Diplomatic Missions toward nationalization, 35.
- Loan to government of northern region, 95.
- Loan, U. S., to Czecho-Slovak Government, 153.
- Loans, state, foreign (see also
Interest):
- applications by Provisional Government, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 23, 24, 26, 27; British attitude, 20–21.
- France to Russia, 4.
- Great Britain to Russia, 3–4, 6, 22; for purchases in United States, 4, 13, 18, 19, 20, 37; plan to
transfer to United States, 5, 17, 19, 21, 27; status
in 1918, 37, 39.
- privately owned, 25, 37; extension sought, 44, 46, 47–48.
- repudiation by Soviet regime: decree, draft, 29; decree, text, 31–33; Diplomatic Missions, protest, 33, 35, 36; France, attitude, 33, 34, 35, 45–46; Great Britain, attitude, 33, 35, 45–46; Inter-Allied Council on
War Purchases and Finance, resolution, 34–35; munitions, relation to,
112, 228; Russian factions, attitude, 31–32, 35, 52–53, 55; U. S. attitude, 33, 34, 35, 36, 114, 115,
116.
- United States to Provisional Government: one hundred million (May 16), 9–10, 17, 19, 21;
seventy-five million (July 17), 11, 12–13, 14, 15, 16, 17–18, 21, 24; one
hundred million (Aug. 23), 22; fifty million (Oct.
12), 26; acts of Congress,
provisions, 10, 25; cash advances, 13, 14, 16, 17–18, 21, 23–24, 25, 26, 55;
compensation, rumor, 25, 26; credit proffered, 1, 2, 3; security, views, 2–3, 5, 27; stipulations, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7–8, 9–10, 13, 15, 17.
- Loans, state, interior, 2, 6, 32, 37.
- Loans and notes, annulment, Soviet decree, 38–39.
- Loans, U. S., to Allied Governments, 6, 25.
- Lvov, Prince George E., 2,
4, 6, 11, 14, 270.
- Manchuria (see also
Chinese Eastern Railway):
- Marshall, Arthur G., 114.
- Martial law, 256.
- Martin, Lieut. Hugh S., 156.
- Masaryk, Thomas G., 120–121, 263.
- Matsudaira, Tsuneo, 139, 242, 247, 268, 276.
- railway control by Stevens,
views, 277.
- Maydell, Baron Gerard Ch., plans for trade, 124–126.
- Merchant shipping:
- charter by Russian Embassy to U. S. Shipping Board, 55–56, 308–309, 311–312.
- fishing and commerce, release sought for: British attitude, 315; fishermen, views, 314; Russian Embassy, Washington,
attitude, 311–312; Soviet Foreign Commissar, 313–314; U. S. attitude, 315, 316;
Volunteer Fleet, 310–311, 313,
314.
- requisition by Great Britain, 310,
312–313;
Soviet protest, 314; U. S. attitude,
312, 313.
- Michelsen commission, 102.
- Military Missions, British, French, and American,
restricting of supplies to the enemy:
- funds, 107, 108–109, 112, 121,
122.
- Petrograd, evacuation, 123, 124, 161–162.
- purchases, 108, 115.
- Tovaro-Obmien, relations, 114, 117, 121.
- Miller, Henry, 191, 197, 202, 203.
- Milner commission, 4.
- Mirbach, Wilhelm, Count von, 35.
- Monarchy, restoration discussed, 305.
- Moscow Conference, 19.
- Moscow Narodny Bank, 168.
- Moscow Supply Committee, 113, 118, 121, 127, 129.
- Munitions (see also
Supplies):
- Archangel, shipment by Soviet to interior, 111–112; repudiation of
loans, relation, 112, 228.
- manufacture, 162.
- Petrograd, evacuation, 123, 124, 161–162.
- purchases, 4, 18, 22, 27, 37, 102n.
- stores, 110–111, 113.
- Murman (see also
Currency; North Russia;
Northern region):
- Allied and American interests, 156.
- food supply, allotment of expenses, 138, 143, 157.
- labor, claims, 92, 95.
- shipments, distribution, 154,159–160, 171–172.
- Nassovia, 109–111.
- National City Bank, New York, transactions in Russia, 37, 44, 46,
56, 164.
- National debt, 2, 4–5.
- Nationalization (see also
Confiscation):
- Navy:
- Baltic Fleet: insubordination, 16, 26; payment, credits for, 11, 12.
- Nijni Novgorod, charter of, 308, 310, 311, 313, 314, 315.
- Nippon, 111.
- North Russia (see also
Northern region, government of the):
- food supply: Allied and American shipments, 144–145, 146, 155;
British shipments, 112, 142, 144–145; expenses, allotment of, 138, [Page 325]
143, 157;
Russian shipments, 154, 159–160, 171–172;
shortage, 112, 126, 128–129, 130–132, 138,
143–144,
146, 158.
- Northern region, government of the (see
also
North Russia):
- currency: British plan, 66, 67–68, 69–70, 75–76;
conversion (emission) office, 67, 68, 72, 81, 90–91, 95, 96; discussion, 68, 70–71, 80–82, 86–87, 90; issue, 88, 89, 90–91, 92–93;
operation, 71, 72, 79, 92–93, 94–95, 98–100; shortage, 58, 72, 92; text of note, 89; U. S. attitude, 72–74, 77, 82.
- financial adviser, 90, 91.
- financial aid, discussion, 57, 58–59, 70–71.
- loan from emission office, 95.
- policies, 57.
- Notes, annulment by Soviet decree, 38–39.
- Office of conversion (emission):
- British plan for currency, 67–68, 72, 81, 96.
- establishment by government of northern region, 90–91.
- government loan, 95.
- Oil, 132, 168.
- Oils and fats, 108, 133, 167.
- Omsk government. See
All-Russian provisional government; Kolchak.
- Otani, Gen. Kikuzo, 242, 258, 277, 283.
- Owen, William H., 88, 162, 165.
- Peace, separate, discussion, 4.
- Petrograd, evacuation of munitions, 123, 124, 161–162.
- Petrograd Soviet, relations with Provisional Government,
14, 19.
- Prisoners of war in Siberia, 178.
- Bolsheviks, relations, 235, 237.
- Manchurian border activities, 130.
- railways, threat to, 219, 223, 229.
- Provisional Government (see also
Loans; World War):
- Advisory Commission of Railway Experts, relations: approval, 185, 188,
190, 191, 195–196, 197, 204; Ministry of Ways of Communication,
189–190,
200, 202, 203, 207, 246, 249, 250–251, 285;
plans, 186–187, 187–188.
- Bolsheviks, relations, 14, 19, 24.
- Congress of Soviets, relations, 16.
- currency: issue, 81; order placed in
United States, 84, 96.
- Finland, efforts to pay Russian garrisons in, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24, 26.
- Inter-Allied Conference at Paris, 27–28.
- Kerensky ministries, 16, 19, 24, 27–28, 205.
- Lvov ministries, 2, 4, 6–7, 11; resignation of Cadet
ministers, 14.
- merchant shipping, charter by Russian Embassy, 55–56, 308–309, 311–312.
- officials in Siberia, 218, 220, 226.
- Petrograd Soviet, relations, 14, 19.
- Russian Railway Service Corps, relations, 194–195, 199, 213,
233, 249, 251, 285.
- Provisional government of the northern region. See
Northern region.
- Railway employees:
- control of railways, 220, 223, 224.
- Murman shipments, 145, 154, 159–160, 171–172.
- political attitude, 216, 219, 224.
- shoes, shipments, 102–103, 105,
108, 112–113, 145, 154.
- strikes, 231–232, 256.
- U. S. railway agencies, relations, 219, 220, 223, 224, 226, 280.
- Railways (see also
Advisory Commission of Railway Experts; Chinese Eastern Railway; Communication, Ministry of Ways of; Russian
Railway Service Corps; Trans-Siberian
Railway):
- Advisory Commission, activities: European Russia, 203, 204,
206, 209, 215, 251; Trans-Siberian Railway, 197, 198, 202, 203,
205, 250–251.
- Allied control, plans, 104–105.
- China, attitude toward operation by Stevens, 243–244, 248,
256, 259, 266.
- Czecho-Slovaks: Chinese Eastern Railway, activities, 256; Japanese aid, plan, 139; operation by Stevens, attitude, 262, 263,
270; Trans-Siberian Railway,
control, 181, 182, 277; U. S. control,
attitude, 245.
- defects, 184, 226–227, 305–306;
congestion at Vladivostok and other points, 20, 185, 186, 187,
190, 202, 216, 217, 250, 283, 287,
299, 300, 301; food distribution,
collapse, 200, 204, 250; military forces,
inability to aid, 200, 228, 269,
292, 300; rolling stock, deterioration, 233, 283.
- employees, control by, 220, 223, 224.
- France: attitude toward operation by Stevens, 259, 262, 267–268, 288;
French investors, 244, 253, 268.
- gauge, Japanese suggestion, 239–240.
- Great Britain: attitude toward operation by Stevens, 262, 263–264, 268,
272, 273, 282–283, 288, 298, 299;
railway mission, 288, 298, 299.
- Harbin shop, 220, 269.
- Italy, attitude toward operation by Stevens, 261–262, 287,
298.
- Japan: control, discussion, 239, 242, 245,
248, 276, 283–284, 287, 298; forces, 239, 277, 278–280, 281, 286,
287; gauge, suggestion, 239–240;
loan, 243, 246–247; operation by
Stevens, attitude, 220, 222,
241–242,
247, 253, 257–258, 262, 263, 274,
277, 280; plans, alternative, 283–284, 286,
287, 288–290, 301–303; U.
S. attitude toward control, 242–243.
- military protection, 258, 270, 275,
286, 289, 290, 301, 302, 303; Japanese plan, 262, 263; U. S. attitude,
263, 272, 276, 277, 278.
- noninterference with existing rights, U. S. statements, 237, 251–252, 253,
256, 260, 276, 277–278, 285, 294,
300.
- prisoners of war, activities, 219,
223, 229.
- rolling stock, U. S., 4, 20, 153–154, 193;
credits, 10, 17, 22; embargo, exemption
from, 107; in Japanese waters, 116; orders, 5,
6, 7, 119, 186,
194, 195, 198, 206; shipments made, 108,
116, 199, 202; shipments urged, 185, 191,
192, 249.
- Russian Railway Service Corps, activities, 218–219, 220–221, 221–222, 223, 224,
226, 229, 232, 237, 238–239, 251.
- Soviet régime, relations with U. S. agencies, 218–219, 234; aid sought, 225, 226, 227–228;
conference planned, 227–228, 229,
230, 231, 233, 238; Russian attitude, 231,
234, 235–236; U. S. attitude, 225, 226,
227, 229, 230, 231–232, 234, 235–236.
- Stevens in charge for
Russia, U. S. plan, 239–241, 246,
249–252,
253–255,
267, 268, 269, 273, 277–278, 284,
285; military forces, relations,
258, 262, 263, 270, 272, 276, 277,
278; Russian factions, attitude,
262, 263, 268, 270–271, 274–275, 277, 298,
300, 305; Russian protest, 259–261, 264–266, 268,
269; Stevens, views, 239,
277, 281–282, 283–284, 291–292, 295, 296,
298, 303–304, 306.
- supervision, plans: Ambassador in Japan, 295, 296–297; authority, discussion, 281–282, 284, 291–292, 293,
295, 296, 297, 301–302, 303, 304;
draft of representatives at Vladivostok (Oct.
13), 274–276; Japanese amended plan (Dec.
27), 301–303; Japanese attitude, 276,
277, 280, 283, 284, 297; Japanese revised
plan (Dec. 2), 288–290; military protection,
275, 276, 277, 278, 286, 289, 290,
301, 303; U. S. attitude, 277–278, 285,
291, 292–293, 305–307.
- U. S. control: Czech attitude, 245;
discussion, 208–209; Russian attitude, 7, 208, 219,
234, 245.
- Vladivostok shops, 22, 186–187, 192, 193–194, 195,
199, 200, 202, 208, 217, 249, 267,
269.
- Recognition of Soviet régime:
- Masaryk, views, 120.
- Russians, views, 235–236.
- United States: Ambassador, views, 117,
211; Government, attitude, 232, 236.
- Red Army, Allied and American aid sought, 225.
- Refugees, Manchuria, 130, 133–134.
- Relief measures (see also
Food supply), U. S. attitude toward cooperation
with Soviet regime, 158, 160.
- Revolution, March, 250.
- Revolution, November, 205, 207, 208, 209, 212.
- Robins, Raymond, contacts with
Soviet régime and U. S. officials, 106, 156, 228; U. S.
attitude, 106.
- Root mission. See
Special Diplomatic Mission to Russia.
- Russian Corporation, 44, 46.
- Russian Economic Commission, 116.
- Russian Embassy at Washington:
- currency: plan, 59–64; Siberian issue, efforts, 74–75, 79–80, 84–85, 91–92.
- merchant shipping, charter, 55–56, 308–309, 311–312.
- status after November revolution, 28,
41, 49.
- Russian Extraordinary Embassy to the United States, 6, 9, 191.
- Russian Purchasing Commission, 23, 109.
- Russian Railway Service Corps (see
also
Advisory Commission of Railway Experts; Emerson;
Railways):
- arrival, 208, 209, 210, 211.
- authority, 222–223, 233, 238, 242,
243; Japanese attitude, 257.
- Chinese Eastern Railway, activities, 218–219, 220, 221–222, 223,
224, 226, 229, 232, 251.
- Czecho-Slovak forces, relations, 237,
238
- finances, 199, 208, 213, 214, 215,
221, 223, 225, 240, 242, 251, 252.
- formation, 194, 196, 197, 199, 200–201, 202–203, 205,
208, 251.
- interpreters, undesirable, 211, 212, 217.
- Japan, removal to, 211, 212, 213,
214, 215; reasons, 216, 217.
- Provisional Government, relations, 194–195, 199, 213,
233, 249, 251, 285.
- railway employees, relations, 219,
220, 223, 224, 226, 280.
- return, in part, to United States, 226, 230.
- Semenov, aid sought, 232; U. S. attitude, 233.
- Soviet régime: aid sought, 225, 226, 227–228; conference planned, 227–228, 229, 230,
231, 233, 238; Russian attitude, 231, 234,
235–236;
U. S. attitude, 225, 226, 227,
229, 230, 231–232, 234, 235–236.
- U. S. Government: plans for service, 239–241, 246, 249–252, 253–255; relations, 209, 251.
- Vladivostok, 237, 238, 249,
267, 269.
- Russian Red Cross, 160.
- Russian Supply Committee, 23, 310.
- Russian Volunteer Fleet. See
Volunteer Fleet.
- Russo-Asiatic Bank, 244, 253, 268.
- Safety vaults, interference by Soviet régime, 30–31, 43;
Consular Corps, protest, 31, 36.
- Securities, registration, Soviet decree, 42–43.
- Semenov, Gregory, 130.
- Japanese aid, 235, 287.
- railways, U. S. aid sought, 232–233.
- Shipping. See
Merchant shipping.
- Shoes:
- shipments to railway employees, 102–103, 105, 108,
112–113,
145, 154.
- trade, plans, 21–22, 116, 118, 120,
122, 123, 129.
- Siberia (see also
Trans-Siberian Railway):
- commission, economic, U. S. plan, 134,
136, 147–150, 272; British response, 134–136.
- commission, political, plan, 142.
- commissioners: British and French, 79,
141–142,
242, 259; Japanese attitude, 139, 242.
- Japan: forces, numbers in excess, 239,
278–279;
French attitude toward excess numbers, 287–288; initiative by
General Staff, 245, 247, 258,
290; joint action with United
States, 58; withdrawal of forces,
partial, 302.
- United States: forces, 278, 281; joint action with Japan, 58; response to Japanese criticism, 293–294.
- Siberian and European forces, plans for contact, 78.
- Siberian government, British attitude, 288.
- Siberian Supply Co., 141–142.
- Simferopol, release, 311–312, 313, 314, 316.
- Skobelev, M. I., 27.
- Soviet of National Economy, Supreme, 32, 33.
- Soviet of People’s Commissars, loan repudiation, attitude, 31.
- Soviet régime (see also
Bolsheviks; Central Executive
Committee; Intervention; Loans; Petrograd Soviet;
World War):
- Chinese embargo, attitude, 173, 174.
- confiscation, 39.
- decrees: dividends, cessation of payment, 42n; interest-bearing papers,
registration, 42–43; loans and notes, annulment, 38–39; loans, state,
repudiation, 29, 31–33.
- duration, estimates of probable, 27,
59, 207,
234, 236.
- Germany, influenced by, 48, 59, 158.
- loans, state, repudiation: Central Executive Committee,
All-Russian, views, 31–32; decree, draft, 29; decree, text, 31–33; Diplomatic Missions, protest, 33, 35, 36; Inter-Allied Council, resolution, 34–35;
munitions, relation to, 112, 228; U. S. attitude, 33, 34, 35, 36, 114, 115, 116.
- merchant shipping, protest against seizure, 313–314.
- munitions, removal, attitude, 111–112, 228.
- nationalization, 35, 132–133.
- railway matters, relations with U. S. agencies, 218–219, 234; aid sought, 225, 226, 227–228;
conference planned, 227–228, 229,
230, 231, 233, 238; Russian attitude, 231,
234, 235–236; U. S. attitude, 225, 226,
227, 229, 230, 231–232, 234, 235–236.
- recognition: Masaryk,
views, 120; Russians, views, 235–236; U.
S. Ambassador, views, 117, 211; U. S. Government, attitude, 232, 236.
- Red Army, Allied and American aid sought, 225.
- relief measures, U. S. attitude toward cooperation, 154–155, 158, 160.
- Revolution, November, 205, 207, 208,
209.
- Robins, Raymond, relations,
106, 156, 228.
- terror, world-wide protest against, 158.
- warships, Allied and American, asked to leave Russian ports, 128.
- Special Diplomatic Mission to Russia (Elihu Root, chairman), 10, 11, 16.
- State Bank, 58, 59,
78.
- Stevens, John F.,
189, 192, 235, 236, 251, 259. [Page 328]
- Chinese Eastern Railway, activities, 218–219, 220, 221,
222, 223, 226, 229, 231, 232, 234.
- November revolution, suspension of activities, 207–208, 209, 210,
211, 212, 215, 216.
- Provisional Government, relations, 190–191, 195–196, 202, 203–204, 206,
246, 250–251.
- railways, operation for Russia: U. S. plan, 239–241, 246, 249–252, 253–255, 267,
268, 269, 273, 277–278, 284–285;
views, 239, 277, 281–282, 283–284, 291–292, 295,
296, 298, 303–304, 306.
- Soviet régime, relations, 225, 227, 229,
230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236.
- Trans-Siberian Railway, activities, 197, 198, 202, 203,
205, 250–251.
- Stevens, R. R., 114.
- Sunflower seed oil, 133, 167.
- Supplies (see also under
Germany; Munitions):
- purchases in United States by Provisional Government, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 18, 22, 27, 37, 102n; British sale, 37; November revolution, status after,
28.
- rolling stock, orders, 5, 6, 7, 119, 186,
194, 195, 198, 206; shipments, 108, 116, 199,
202.
- Supplies, restricting to the enemy (see
also
Embargo; Munitions),
109.
- British plan, 109–111.
- cotton, 114–115, 127–128.
- flax, 117, 119, 121, 132, 138,
140–141,
146, 156, 159, 168.
- funds, U. S., 58, 107, 108–109, 112,
121, 122, 123, 126.
- Masaryk, views, 120.
- Military Missions, purchases, 108,
115.
- oil, 132, 168.
- oils and fats, 108, 133, 167.
- Petrograd, evacuation, 123, 124, 161–162.
- Tovaro-Obmien: Cooperatives, contacts, 128, 132, 133, 167;
formation, 114n;
Military Missions, relations, 114, 117, 121;
purchases, 114–115, 117, 121, 132–133; statement, 166–168.
- War Trade Board, plans, 152, 164, 165.
- Supreme government of the northern region. See
Northern region.
- Supreme Soviet of National Economy, 32, 33.
- Supreme War Council, 104–105.
- Sweden, transit licenses, 106.
- Terror, world-wide protest initiated by United States, 158.
- Textiles, 167, 168.
- Thompson, Lieut. Col. William B.,
117, 118.
- Toula, charter of, 308,
310, 311, 313, 314, 315.
- Tovaro-Obmien (see also
Supplies, restricting to the enemy):
- Cooperatives, contacts, 128, 132, 133,
167.
- formation, 114n.
- Military Missions, relations, 114,
117, 121.
- purchases, 114–115, 117, 121, 132–133.
- statement, 166–168.
- Trade (see also
Embargo; Exports; War Trade Board):
- Masaryk, plan, 120–121.
- Maydell, plan, 124–126.
- neutrals and Russia, British plan to control, 137; U. S. attitude, 145–146.
- Siberian, British plan, 134–136, 141–142.
- United States and Russia, plans, 21–22, 35, 113, 116, 118,
119, 120, 122, 123, 129, 153, 156,
163.
- Trading corporation, War Trade Board project, 74, 149, 165.
- Transit licenses, 106.
- Transportation:
- ocean tonnage, 20, 22, 28, 138, 142–143, 151.
- railways, defects, 184, 226–227, 228, 305–306; congestion at Vladivostok and other
points, 20, 185, 186, 187, 190,
202, 216, 217, 250, 283, 287, 299,
300, 301; food distribution, collapse, 200, 204, 250; military forces, inability to aid,
200, 269, 300; rolling stock,
deterioration, 233, 283.
- Trans-Siberian Railway (see also
Chinese Eastern Railway; Railways), 183, 184, 227.
- Advisory Commission, activities, 197,
198, 202, 203, 205, 250–251.
- Allied control, plans, 104–105.
- Czecho-Slovaks: control, 181, 182, 277;
Japanese aid, plan, 139; operation by
Stevens, attitude, 262, 263,
270; U. S. control, attitude, 245.
- defects, 184, 226–227, 305–306;
congestion at Vladivostok and other points, 20, 186, 187, 190,
202, 216, 217, 250, 283, 287, 299,
301; food distribution, collapse,
200, 204, 250; military forces,
inability to aid, 200, 269, 300;
rolling stock, deterioration, 233, 283.
- Japan: control, discussion, 239, 242, 245,
298; gauge, suggestion, 239–240; U.
S. attitude toward control, 242–243.
- military protection, 258, 270, 275,
289, 290, 301, 302, 303; Japanese plan, 262, 263; U.
S. attitude, 263, 272, 276, 277, 278.
- noninterference with existing rights, U. S. statements, 237, 251–252, 276,
278, 285, 294, 300.
- prisoners of war, activities, 219,
223, 229.
- Russian Railway Service Corps, activities, 237, 238–239.
- U. S. control: Czech attitude, 245;
discussion, 208–209; Russian attitude, 7, 208, 219,
234, 245.
- Vladivostok shops, 22, 186–187, 192, 193–194, 195,
202, 217, 249, 267, 269.
- Treaties, statement of Diplomatic Conference, London, 34.
- Treaty of Brest Litovsk, indemnity, 168.
- United States (see also
Advisory Commission of Railway Experts; Allied and American Governments; Currency; Diplomatic Missions; Loans; Railways; Russian Railway Service Corps; Supplies; Tovaro-Obmien; War Trade Board; Wilson, Woodrow; World War):
- Ambassador in Japan, reports on Siberian situation, 258–259, 262, 268–269, 270–271, 272,
273, 274, 281–282, 287–288.
- Archangel and Murman, expenses of rationing, 138, 143, 157.
- commission, economic, in Siberia, plan, 134, 136, 147–150, 272; British response, 134–136.
- Czecho-Slovaks: aid and supplies, 153,
292, 294, 300; railway agencies,
relations, 237, 238.
- embargo, China to Russia, attitude, 129, 172, 173–174, 175, 176–177, 178–179, 180,
181–182.
- exports to Russia, restriction of, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109,
111, 116, 122, 174.
- interest on loans, attitude toward Russian postponement, 51, 52, 53–54, 55–56.
- Japanese criticism of Siberian activities, response, 293–294.
- merchant shipping: charter to Shipping Board, 55–56, 308–309, 311–312;
release, attitude, 315, 316; requisition by Great Britain,
attitude, 312, 313.
- noninterference in Russian affairs, 233, 237, 238, 251–252, 253,
256, 260, 276, 278, 285, 294, 300.
- recognition of Soviet Russia: Ambassador, views, 117, 211;
Government, attitude, 232, 236.
- relief measures, attitude toward Soviet cooperation, 154–155, 158, 160.
- Siberia: forces, 278, 281; joint action with Japan, 58.
- social welfare activities, 66, 78, 140, 271, 272,
294, 299.
- Special Diplomatic Mission to Russia, 10, 11, 16.
- terror, world-wide protest initiated, 158.
- trade: control of neutral, attitude toward British plan, 145–146;
plans for, 21–22, 113, 116, 118,
119, 120, 122, 123, 129, 153, 156,
163; trading corporation, project,
74, 149,
165.
- war, state of, with Soviet Russia, discussion, 59.
- warships: at Vladivostok, 211, 290; Soviet request to leave Russian
ports, 128.
- U. S. Shipping Board:
- Russian merchant ships, charter, 55–56, 308–309, 311–312;
release sought, 310–311, 313–314; Russian Embassy, Washington,
attitude, 311–312; U. S. attitude, 315,
316.
- Ustrugov, L. A., 216, 224, 288.
- Vladivostok:
- Allied military council, 241, 247, 257–258.
- currency, plan of representatives, 78–79, 87–88.
- Czecho-Slovak forces, 181, 237.
- freight congestion, 20, 186, 187,
190, 202, 250, 299.
- railway shops, 22, 186–187, 192, 193–194, 195,
199, 200, 202, 208, 217, 249, 267,
269.
- Zemstvo régime, 237.
- Vologodski, Peter V., 270.
- Volunteer Fleet:
- War, state of, between Associated Governments and Soviet Russia,
discussion, 59.
- Wardwell, Maj. Allen, 160.
- War Trade Board (see also
War Trade Board of the United States Russian Bureau,
Inc.):
- export licenses, 104, 122, 149,
151, 164, 182.
- funds, 50, 149, 151, 158.
- import licenses, 153, 159.
- plans for Russian service, 148–150, 150–154, 155,
158, 162–163; after armistice,
170–171;
outside Russia, 164–165.
- supplies, restricting to the enemy, plans, 152, 164, 165.
- trading corporation, project, 74n, 149,
165.
- War Trade Board of the United States Russian Bureau, Inc.:
- Warships, Allied and American, asked to leave Russian ports, 128.
- Webster, Capt. William B., 154, 160.
- Wheat Executive, 142–143, 144.
- Willard, Daniel, 183, 192n, 217.
- Wilson, Woodrow,
instruction to the Advisory Commission of Railway Experts, 196–197.
- World War:
- Russian prosecution of war: ability, discussion, 3, 4, 15, 16, 17, 27, 120; Allied and American effort to
induce, 57, 206.
- Y. M. C. A., 134, 271, 294.
- Zemstvos, 94, 123,
237