Index
- A. A. Raven, detained 342, 391, 413, 449, 591
- Addams, Jane, peace activities 29, 41
- Addis, T., conviction for recruiting 771
- Adriatic, armed merchant ship 847–848
- Adriatic Sea, closure. See Albania, blockade.
- Aircraft, status as exports from neutral country 776–777, 780
- Albania:
- Albert, H. F., German publicity agent 927, 936, 938–940
- Alexandretta, situation and bombardment 956–963
- Alfred Nobel , meat shipments detained 345, 373, 379, 561, 569, 592, 621–622
- Alsace-Lorraine, French claim 6
- America, detained 390, 413, 592, 597
- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, plea for Armenians 984
- American Importers’ Association, protest against interference with imports from Germany 233–235
- American Machinist, withdrawal of objectionable munitions advertisement 787–790, 808
- American Metal Co., interference with copper shipments 295, 308, 335, 337
- American Transatlantic Co., registry and seizure of ships 608, 611–613, 620–621, 625–626, 692–695.
- Amiral Ganteaume, passenger ship sunk by German submarine, 1914 116
- Amy Warwick (case cited) 496
- Ancona, sunk with Americans aboard 611, 613–615, 617, 619, 620, 641, 646
- Anderson, C. P. (attorney for packers), author of plan regarding prisoners 652, 997–1002
- Anglo-Columbian, torpedoed with Americans aboard 556
- Antares, copper cargo detained 561, 593
- Antilla detained 369, 424, 532, 594
- Arabia (Russo-Japanese war case cited) 563
- Arabic, sunk with Americans aboard 516–520, 524–533, 536, 538, 543, 607, 939
- Arbitration of German-American disputes, proposals 495, 505, 539, 551, 571, 645
- Archibald, J. F. J., unneutral service 910, 932–934, 942, 950
- Arkansas, meat shipments detained 345, 597, 601
- Armament of merchant ships:
- Armenian, sunk with Americans aboard 457–459, 463
- Armenian persecutions. See under Turkey.
- Armour & Co., shipments detained 344, 345, 621
- Ascot, copper cargo detained 308, 337
- Asian, armed merchant ship 846
- Asylum in diplomatic and consular premises 992–993, 995
- “Atrocities.” See Warfare, charges of illegal and inhumane methods.
- Augusta (Ga.) Cotton Exchange and Board of Trade, protest against interference with cotton shipments 191–192
- Australia, embargoes on exports 661, 662, 665
- Austria-Hungary (see also
Ancona
):
- Ambassador in U. S., recall 932–939, 941–947
- Armenian persecutions, attitude 981, 983
- Conditions in 10–15, 41, 46–52
- Constantinople, attitude on neutral zones 965
- Munitions, attitude on export by U. S 474, 790–793, 807, 810–813
- Neutral consuls in occupied enemy territory, status 921–923
- Peace:
- Prisoners of war and interned civilians, treatment 1009–1011
- War with Italy:
- Baralong, British auxiliary cruiser, use of American flag 527–529, 543, 575–577, 605, 623, 650–651
- Baron Erskine , sunk with Americans aboard 518
- Bartholdt, Richard (U. S. Congressman), bill to stop export of munitions 6, 311
- Belgia, detained 315, 433
- Belgium:
- Bermuda (Civil War case cited) 329, 581
- Bethmann-Hollweg, T. v. (German Chancellor), speech on origins of war 55–57
- Bismarck, Otto v. (former German Chancellor), quoted on food as contraband 142, 332
- Björnsterne Björnson, meat shipments detained 345, 373, 379, 561, 592, 621–622
- Black list of neutral firms in China 610, 641
- Blair, R. K., conviction for recruiting 763, 771, 773
- Blockade:
- Continuous voyage doctrine 170, 585
- Declaration of London 178
- Declaration of Paris 96, 563, 583
- Effectiveness 490, 563, 583
- Methods of maintenance 133, 142, 147, 153–155
- Neutral ports, inclusion 96, 153–154, 166–168, 172, 178, 490, 584–585
- Penalties for violation 133, 142–144, 146, 147, 151, 152, 166, 168, 585
- Blockades:
- Austro-Hungarian and Albanian coast by Italy 166–168, 173–174
- Bulgarian coast by Great Britain and France 177
- Central powers by Great Britain and France (see
also
Contraband of war; Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes):
- Announcement 128
- British use of term 142, 143, 147, 542
- British order in council, March 11, and note 143–145
- French note and decree 145–146, 149–151
- Protests of European neutrals 146, 148–149, 158, 159
- Protests of U. S 152–156, 472–473, 490
- Replies of Great Britain 168–171, 443–446, 478–479, 484, 485, 489–490.
- Special arrangements for U. S. exports:
- Special arrangements for U. S. imports:
- Turkish coasts by Great Britain and France 167, 174–175
- Bohemia, political situation 48
- Bombardment. See Alexandretta; Constantinople; Gallipoli; Smyrna.
- Books, importation from Germany 244–246
- Borinquen, removal of belligerent reservist 752, 753
- Boy-Ed, Capt. (German Naval Attaché), recall 947–953
- Breitung & Co., owners of Dacia 508, 530, 685
- Bride, W. W., attorney for American importers 230–231
- Bryan, W. J., views after resignation as Secretary of State 460, 462
- Bulgaria:
- Cablegrams:
- Censorship by belligerents:
- Commercial code messages, rules 700, 703, 713–714
- Cotton messages obstructed 697, 698, 704, 706, 710
- France, rules and practice 700, 702–703, 713–714, 726
- Great Britain, rules and practice 698–731
- Non-delivery, information withheld 699–700, 702–703, 708, 721–722, 724–726
- Official neutral messages, interference 723, 727, 730
- South American messages, interference 705–706, 709, 715–718
- Special facilities to—
- Censorship by U. S. at Guam 888–889
- Transmission by U. S. officials for—
- Censorship by belligerents:
- Caesar, American warship in Turkish waters 45, 957, 977
- Carib, sunk by mine 339, 340, 669
- Carolina, removal of belligerent nationals 752, 753
- Carolyn, cotton cargo detained 253, 430, 502, 598
- Censorship. See Cablegrams; Mails.
- Certificates of American ownership of goods, consular 212–215
- Chamber of German-American Commerce, protest against munitions exports 784
- Chester, American warship in Turkish waters 956–957, 976, 977
- China, interference with American trade by British 610–611, 616–617, 641–642
- Coaling. See Supplying belligerent warships.
- Coamo, removal of belligerent nationals 752, 753
- Commissions of inquiry, proposals 388, 419
- Condé, warship interfering with persons aboard American ships 744–749
- Congress. See under United States.
- Constantinople:
- Consuls. See under United States.
- Continuous voyage doctrine. See under Blockade; Contraband of war.
- Contraband of war (see also
Munitions of war):
- Aircraft, status 780
- Confiscation, destruction, compensation 307, 315, 317, 320, 335, 343, 361, 363, 435, 493–494, 552, 565, 570, 608, 645.
- Continuous voyage 96, 113, 154, 170, 183, 327–328, 331, 567
- Copper, status 147, 176, 183
- Cotton, status 174, 176, 185, 189–190, 192–194, 300, 301, 490
- Cottonseed products, status 186
- Declaration of London, definitions 96,
344, 360
- Additions admitted 307
- Definition, principles 194, 306–307, 563
- Destination, proof 331–332, 354, 360, 434, 562, 581–582
- Destination of conditional contraband to military forces 106, 107, 163, 301, 313, 317, 320, 322, 332, 335–336, 344, 355, 360, 493, 523, 561–563, 565, 567, 569, 582, 602, 603, 622.
- Foodstuffs, status 95, 106, 110, 111, 113, 142, 197, 301, 313–314, 317–320, 322, 332, 335–337, 344, 360, 363, 562–563.
- Hospital supplies, status 1048–1054
- Lists of—
- Motor boats, status 820
- Naval stores (turpentine and rosin), status 198, 200–202, 306
- Reexport by neutrals contiguous to belligerents, restrictions 96, 136, 200, 269, 272, 277, 285, 291, 297, 303, 309–310, 353.
- Sale to belligerents 6, 19, 104, 113–114, 121, 128–130, 132, 138, 157–158, 162, 430, 440, 441, 462, 474, 484–485, 776–820, 854, 928–929.
- U. S. attitude 165, 183, 195, 306–307, 588–589
- Conversion of merchant ships into warships 824–825, 852–853
- Convoy of merchant ships:
- Copenhagen Merchants Guild 195, 288, 559
- Copper:
- Corning, Standard Oil ship detained 629–630
- Cotton:
- Assurance against interference with shipments by Great Britain 300, 301
- British general purchase proposal 182, 193, 478
- Cablegrams concerning, obstruction 697, 698, 704, 706, 710
- Conditions of transit through Sweden 282
- Contraband status 174, 176, 185, 189–190, 192–194, 490
- German demand 185, 195
- Interference with shipments 218, 253, 300, 301, 325, 373, 391, 398, 403–406, 413, 424, 428, 430, 438, 487, 502, 516, 634–635, 685.
- Neutral purchases, conditions of shipment 195, 273, 281–282
- Shipping, difficulty of obtaining 678–679, 685
- Cottonseed products, contraband status 186
- Grossman & Sielcken, information on Danish-American trade 307, 311
- Cudahy Packing Co., shipments detained 345, 568–569
- Cunard Steamship Co., correspondence on armament of ships 844–845
- Cushing, American ship attacked by German airplane 378, 394, 419, 431, 436, 440
- Customs collectors. See under United States.
- Cutlery Importers Association, protest against interference with imports from Germany 209
- Dacia, transfer to American flag and seizure 6, 7, 319, 340, 458, 508, 530, 674–690.
- Danish Chamber of Manufacturers 288
- Declaration of London:
- Blockade 178
- Contraband, provisions concerning 96, 307, 315–316, 344, 360
- German appeals to 96, 102, 112, 115, 130, 132, 464, 493, 552, 570–572, 608, 645.
- Hospital supplies, exemption from seizure 1048, 1049, 1051
- “Neutral flag, neutral ship” (Art. 57), abrogation of rule by Great Britain and France 179–182
- Prizes, destruction at sea 344, 351, 360, 572, 608
- Recognition in present war:
- Transfer of flag of merchant ships 676, 691, 695–696
- Declaration of Paris (1856) 96, 148, 149, 153, 159, 171, 563, 574, 583.
- Denmark:
- Descartes, warship hovering and interfering with belligerent subjects on American ships 752–755, 881–882
- Des Moines, American warship in Turkish waters 45, 956–957, 976, 977
- Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes:
- Cases 105–108, 113, 116, 218, 253, 301, 306–308, 325, 334–335, 337, 340, 342–345, 353, 354, 359, 362, 363, 369, 372–374, 378–381, 390–391, 399, 403–406, 413, 424–430, 434, 444, 449, 457, 466–467, 469–476, 479, 482–483, 487–488, 502–504, 516, 541–542, 559, 561, 564, 590–601, 608–609, 619, 629–630, 651, 660.
- France, rules 145–146, 149–151, 179–180
- Germany, protests 112–113, 157, 464
- Germany, rules and practice (see Naval war zone; Submarine warfare; William P. Frye ).
- Great Britain, rules and practice 128,
142, 143–145, 147, 169–171, 179,
181–182,
309–310,
423–427,
438–439,
443–446,
478
- Charges on released cargoes and ships 304–305, 314–317, 321–322, 335, 361–362, 388–389, 432, 450, 483, 488, 491–492, 531–532, 544, 588, 593, 661
- Claims, exaction of indemnity releasing 375, 380, 382, 383, 433–434, 447–448, 456, 476, 541, 544, 546, 552.
- Evidence obtained subsequent to seizure 564, 577–580
- Notes in justification, Jan. 7 and Feb. 10 299–302, 324–334
- Search in port required 301–303, 329–330, 579–580, 590
- “To order” consignment not admitted 331, 336, 562, 592
- Sweden, attitude 616
- United States, attitude and protests 107, 305–308, 312, 335, 337, 345, 354, 356, 362, 365, 369, 376, 379, 381, 390–391, 398, 434–435, 457, 458, 472–474, 492, 499, 608–609, 629–630, 641–642
- Dicido, cotton cargo detained 188, 217–218, 391, 413, 430, 502, 597
- Don José (Civil War case cited) 587
- Drugs, importation from Germany 255–261
- Due diligence, interpretation 799, 805–806, 815–816, 853, 855, 858–860.
- Dumba, C. T. (Austro-Hungarian Ambassador):
- Dyes, importation from Germany 252–255
- Citizens’ protests against interference 207
- Electric Boat Co., alleged delivery of warcraft to belligerents 809, 813, 816–819
- Embargoes on exports:
- Enemy aliens, treatment by belligerents 997–998
- Enlistment in belligerent forces:
- Esrom, American cargo released 659–661
- Evelyn, sunk by mine 339, 340, 669–670
- F. J. Lisman , detained 449, 487, 591
- Falaba, sunk with Americans aboard 358–359, 361–364, 370, 393, 419–420, 436
- Farn (KD–3), prize interned as tender of warship 821–824, 828–829, 831
- Faulkner, C. H., jr., attorney for packers 561–564, 621
- Flag:
- American, use to protect belligerent property 993
- Commission for Belgian Relief 1025, 1033–1036, 1040
- Determining neutral character of ship, Art. 57 of Declaration of London abrogated 179–182
- Neutral, use by belligerent merchant ship:
- Neutral, use by disguised warship 527–528, 576–577, 605–606, 623, 651
- Transfer of merchant ships from belligerent to neutral:
- Foodstuffs:
- Contraband status 95, 106, 110, 111, 113, 142, 197, 301, 313–314, 317–320, 322, 332, 335–337, 344, 360, 363, 562–563
- German control of distribution, assurances of civilian destination of imports 95, 102–103, 106–107, 317–319, 323–324, 622, 654–655.
- German protests against exclusion 96, 112–113, 157, 464
- Interference with shipments 105–108, 113, 141, 147, 336, 341, 344–346, 357, 363, 365, 405, 429, 474, 509, 549–551, 556–557, 561.
- Proposed admission to Germany in return for limitation of submarine warfare 102, 107–108, 110–112, 115, 119–120, 123, 126, 129, 161, 400, 406, 416–418.
- Ford, Henry, peace expedition 78–79, 86, 87
- Foreign Trade Advisers. See under United States.
- France:
- Armenian persecutions, protest 981
- Belgian relief, attitude 1030, 1040
- Blockades:
- Cablegrams, censorship 700, 702–703, 713–714, 726
- Constantinople, attitude on neutral zones 966
- Dacia, seizure and condemnation 340, 508, 530n
- Declaration of London, abrogation of Art. 57 179–181
- Hovering by French warship 881–882
- Mails, censorship 740
- Peace, terms and attitude 6, 52–53
- Prize procedure 151
- Relief in occupied regions 1026, 1032–1033
- Reservists of enemy on neutral ships, interference 746–747, 749, 754–755
- Retaliation as justifying damages to neutrals 146, 150
- Transfer of flag of merchant ships, attitude 340, 508, 681–682, 690–691
- Transit trade to Switzerland, regulations 294
- War with Central powers:
- Frederik VIII, removal of parcel post 739
- “Freedom of the seas” 57, 96, 115, 178, 394, 436, 462, 464, 466, 480–481
- French, Field Marshal Sir John D. P., opinions on war and peace terms 5–7
- Fridland, meat shipments detained 345, 373, 379, 561, 592, 621–622
- Frisia, removal of mail 737, 738
- Fruits, conditions of shipment to Netherlands 196–198
- Frye. See William P. Frye .
- Gallipoli, hostages installed against bombardment 969–974
- Galveston Commercial Association, protest against interference with cotton shipments 192
- Genesee, seized under American flag as German owned 620–621, 625
- Germany (see also
Arabic
; Foodstuffs;
Lusitania;
Naval war zone; Submarine
warfare;
William P. Frye
):
- Belgian relief, attitude 1023, 1025–1027, 1029, 1031–1039
- Conditions in 16, 20–28, 41, 43–44, 123, 433
- Constantinople, attitude on neutral zones 966
- Contraband lists 114, 162–163, 607
- Conversion of merchant ships into warships 824–825, 853–854
- Cotton, desire for shipments 185, 195
- Declaration of London, appeals to 96, 102, 112, 115, 130, 132, 464, 493, 552, 570–572, 608, 645
- Destruction of prizes at sea 130, 352–353, 493, 522, 572–574, 608, 645.
- Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes, protests 112–113, 157, 464
- Embargoes 249–255, 257, 259–261, 354–355, 468
- Foodstuffs, attitude on contraband status 96, 112–113, 142, 157, 332, 360, 464
- Hospital supplies, attitude toward exemption from seizure 1053–1054
- Interests in charge of U. S. in Persia 72, 87, 990–996
- Mails, censorship 741
- Mine laying 105, 114, 130, 141, 327, 336, 670
- Munitions, attitude on export by U. S 19, 23–24, 104, 113–114, 121, 128, 130, 132, 138, 157–158, 430, 440, 441, 462, 474, 484–485, 776–777, 781–782, 784, 786, 793, 799, 805–808, 814–818, 854, 928–929.
- Neutral consuls in occupied enemy territory, status 916, 918–921
- Neutral flags, protest against use by belligerent ships, warnings to neutrals 94–97, 101, 104–105, 110, 114, 130, 440
- Peace:
- Prisoners of war and interned civilians, treatment 1011–1012, 1014
- Retaliation, view of effect on neutral rights 96, 105, 112–114, 389, 464–465
- Prize procedure 346–350, 509, 522
- Search of neutral ships in port 509, 515, 658–659
- Supplying warships by merchant ships, attitude 854–855, 858–859, 867–872
- Transfer of flag of merchant ships, attitude 681, 690
- Turkish treatment of foreigners, Armenians, Jews, attitude 971, 975, 981, 983
- War with Allied Powers:
- Warfare, charges of illegal and inhumane methods—
- Glitra, prize destroyed with neutral cargo 350–353, 522, 536, 571–575
- Good offices. See Peace; United States, Consuls.
- Gotland (Leonidas Cambanis) transfer to American registry 626, 693–694
- Great Britain (see also
Blacklist; Blockades;
Detention and seizure of neutral ships and
cargoes; Foodstuffs; Trade controversies):
- American policy, opinions concerning 391–392, 397, 524–525, 537–538, 682–683, 777–779.
- Armament of merchant ships, practice and instructions 104, 116–117, 122, 125, 137, 368, 420, 506–507, 605–606, 845, 849.
- Belgian relief, attitude 1034, 1037, 1040
- Cablegrams, censorship 698–731
- Constantinople, attitude on neutral zones 966
- Contraband lists 137, 138, 160, 165, 174–177
- Declaration of London, abrogation of Art. 57 179, 181–182
- Detentions and embargoes, “working arrangement” with U. S 297, 302, 334, 371–374, 382–383, 391, 399, 505, 559, 625, 661–669, 686–687.
- Embargoes (including Australia and India) 301–302, 456, 479, 661–669
- Hovering by British warships 872–881
- Interests in charge of U.S. in—
- Mails, censorship 734–735, 741–742
- Manifests of cargo, objections to withholding publication in U. S 7, 302, 322, 334, 777
- Mine laying 142, 671
- Modus vivendi with Germany, attitude 111, 116, 118–119, 122, 128, 134, 406, 416–418
- Neutral flags, justification of use by British ships 97–98, 101–102, 117–118, 618–619, 653
- North Sea, navigation rules 671–674
- Orders in council 144–145, 179, 366–368
- Peace, terms and attitude 6–7, 64, 779
- Persia, attitude on representation of German and Turkish interests by U. S 72, 996
- Prisoners of war and interned civilians, treatment 1008, 1015–1017
- Prize procedure 144–145, 305, 316, 326–333, 356, 366–367, 370–371, 375, 393, 434, 446, 467, 469–472, 533, 580, 651.
- Prizes in neutral ports, attitude on treatment 821–823, 829, 835
- Reservists, position regarding 764–765, 768–769, 771–772
- Retaliation as justifying damages to neutrals 116–117, 128, 142, 144, 169, 301, 334, 336–337, 495–496, 498, 501, 567.
- Trade arrangements with neutrals 96, 136, 195–197, 200, 203, 268–293, 297, 302, 309–310, 353, 374–375, 378, 500, 559, 576, 603, 615, 720, 722.
- Transfer of flag of merchant ships, attitude 333, 611, 625–626, 674–684, 687–688, 691, 778.
- War with Central powers:
- Greece:
- Green, W. L., Commission Co., statements regarding Wilhelmina cargo 105, 313–314, 317
- Greenbrier, sunk by mine 358
- Greenport Basin & Construction Co., building of motor boats for belligerents 805–806, 815–817, 819
- Guam, cable censorship 888–889
- Gulflight, American ship torpedoed 378–381, 384, 394, 397, 419, 431, 436, 440, 526
- Hague conventions cited:
- I, 1899, 1907 (pacific settlement of international disputes) 388, 419, 495, 505, 539, 551, 571, 645
- II, 1899; IV, 1907 (laws and customs of war on land) 917–920, 998, 1002
- V, 1907 (rights and duties of neutral powers and persons in case of war on land) 792, 810, 887
- VI, 1907 (status of enemy merchant ships at the outbreak of hostilities) 327
- VII, 1907 (conversion of merchant ships into warships) 825
- IX, 1907 (bombardment by naval forces) 960
- XI, 1907 (restrictions with regard to the right of capture) 998
- XII, 1907 (international prize court) 498
- XIII, 1907 (rights and duties of neutral powers in naval war) 777, 780, 781, 792, 793, 797, 808, 810–813, 815, 818, 820–825, 827–831, 833–834, 839, 854, 859, 861–863.
- Hale, W. B., protest against British recruiting 759–761
- Hamburg-American Line, indictment for false clearances 784, 867–872
- Hammond, G. H., Co., meat shipments detained 345
- Hardwick, T. W. (U. S. Senator), protests against interference with naval stores and cablegrams 200, 697
- Harpalyce, Belgian relief ship sunk 1036, 1038–1039
- Hay, John (Secretary of State, 1898–1905), quoted on contraband character of foodstuffs 563
- Hays, A. G., attorney for American importers and exporters 230–231, 470–472, 601–602
- Hays, Kaufmann& Lindheim, attorneys. See Green, W. L., Commission Co.
- Helen W. Martin , sunk by mine 615
- Helge, cotton shipment detained 398, 421, 458, 502, 516, 595, 601
- Hellig Olav , removal of mail 738
- Hesperian, torpedoed with Americans aboard 533–535, 537–539, 545, 548–549, 556, 607
- Hilding, detained 434, 441, 592, 596
- Hitchcock, G. M. (U. S. Senator), resolution against export of munitions 311
- Hocking, seized under American flag as German owned 608, 611–613, 620–621, 625, 659
- Hoover, Herbert (chairman, International Commission for Relief in Belgium) 1026–1028, 1036
- Hospital supplies, exemption from seizure 1046–1054
- Hostages 959–962, 967, 969–974
- House, Col. E. M., negotiations 9, 15–17, 85, 108, 400–401, 406, 1018.
- Hovering:
- Hydro-aeroplanes, status as exports 776–777, 780
- Iberian, sunk with American aboard 492, 496, 510–511
- Indian Prince, destroyed with American cargo 520–523, 535–536, 572
- Inman, Akers & Inman, inquiry about contraband status of cotton linters 186
- Interests of belligerents, protection. See under individual countries.
- Internment (see also Prisoners of war and interned civilians):
- Iroquois (Civil War case cited), hovering 875–877
- Italy:
- Ancona, statement on sinking 613
- Blockade of Austria-Hungary and Albania 166–168, 173–174
- Contraband list 164, 168
- Cooperation with U. S. in defense of neutral rights, suggestions 94, 117
- Embargoes 200, 309–310, 802
- Hospital supplies, attitude toward exemption from seizure 1053
- Interests in charge of U. S. in Turkey 36, 40, 44–45, 956–957, 976
- Naval war zone and use of neutral flags, protests 94, 109, 117, 123–125
- Peace:
- Transit trade to Switzerland, regulations 293, 303, 308–310, 312
- War with Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria:
- Preparations 8, 19, 31
- Negotiations 18–20, 30–32, 37–39
- Treaty with Allies 31–32
- Ministerial crisis 33–34
- Declaration of war on Austria-Hungary 35–39
- Severance of relations by Germany 36, 39
- Discussion of war with Turkey 42, 43
- Ultimatum to Turkey 45
- Declaration of war on Turkey 53–55
- Severance of relations with Bulgaria 62
- Declaration of state of war with Bulgaria 65
- Severance of relations with Albania 65, 77, 86
- Japan, treatment of diplomatic and consular mail 742
- Jews. See under Turkey.
- Jordan, S., & Co., protest against interference with imports 553–554
- Joseph W. Fordney , detention 369, 372, 376, 380, 399, 404, 427, 503–504, 593, 597, 601–602, 609, 619.
- KD–3. See Farn .
- Kim, meat shipments detained 345, 373, 379, 474–476, 561, 621–622
- Knauth, Nachod & Kuhne, inquiry about contraband status of cotton linters 187
- Kronprinz Wilhelm :
- Kroonland, copper shipments detained 307
- Labuan (Civil War case cited) 587
- Lake Torpedo Boat Co., assertion of right to deliver submarines to belligerents 783
- Lapland, transfer to American flag 693–694
- Laura, transfer to American flag 612, 695
- League of Nations, suggestion 64
- Leavitt, C. W., & Co., request for aid in copper shipment 184
- Leelanaw, American ship:
- Lena, belligerent collier in American port 832
- Leonidas Cambanis. See Gotland .
- Livonia, cotton cargo detained 188, 217–218, 391, 413, 430, 502
- Llama, Standard Oil ship detained 449, 591, 596, 600, 601, 630
- Loans to belligerent governments 777, 820
- Loehneysen, W. v. (German Consul at Seattle), recall 923–927
- Luckett-Wake Tobacco Co., protest against interference with shipments 204
-
Lusitania:
- American flag, use 100, 101, 114, 117–118
- Sinking 169, 384–387, 391–392, 409–412, 891
- Macedonian question 42, 63, 66, 70, 80–81
- Magicienne (Civil War case cited) 587
- Mails, censorship by belligerents:
- Diplomatic and consular mail:
- Ordinary mail:
- Parcel post:
- Malmö conference (Scandinavian Monarchs) 7
- Manifests of cargo:
- Marie, cotton cargo detained 188, 217–218, 391, 413, 502, 597
- Martin, D. B., & Co., meat shipments refused by Netherlands Oversea Trust Co 279
- Meat products. See Foodstuffs.
- Mediation. See Peace: Good offices and mediation.
- Merion, armed merchant ship 847–848
- Metapan, parole exacted from German passengers by French officer 744–747
- Metz, H. A., arrangements for importation of German chemicals 253, 255–257, 259–261
- Mexicano, cotton shipments detained 516, 598
- Milwaukee Journal, inquiry about embargoes on munitions 800
- Mine laying:
- Miramichi, judgment for claimants 301, 316, 333
- Mitchell, Bissell Co., arrangements for importation of German machine guides 261–265
- Morris & Co., shipments detained 276, 345, 569, 621
- Munitions of war:
- Muskogee, removal of belligerent reservists 750–752
- National Association of Importers, protest against blockade of Central powers 207
- Navajo, cotton cargo detained 253, 502
- Naval stores (turpentine and rosin):
- Naval war zone (see also North Sea):
- Nebraskan, American ship torpedoed 414, 418, 430, 432, 449, 468–469
- Neches, cotton cargo detained 228–229, 253–254, 472–473, 482–485, 488, 491–492, 495–496, 501, 502, 532, 592, 594.
- Netherlands:
- Armenian persecutions, protest 989
- Belgian relief, attitude 1030
- Blockade of Central powers by Allied powers, protest 148–149, 159
- Cooperation with U. S., suggestions 97, 109–110, 131–132, 149, 273, 735, 737
- Declaration of London, protest against abrogation of Art. 57 638, 659
- Embargoes 136, 200, 269, 272, 277, 309–310, 803
- Mails, protest against interference 735, 737
- Naval war zone and use of neutral flags, protests 97, 109, 121–122, 131, 134–136
- Neutrality, maintenance 83
- Peace, attitude toward mediation projects 84
- Netherlands Oversea Trust Co 159, 196–197, 202–206, 268–281, 310, 342, 353, 359, 374–375, 378, 381, 391, 413–414, 418, 424–425, 449, 550, 556, 559, 591–592, 602.
- Neutral cargoes (see also Detention and seizure):
- Neutral flag. See under Flag.
- Neutral ports:
- Armed merchant ships, treatment 845–851
- Arming and fitting out belligerent ships 787, 814–820, 852–853, 855, 858
- Base of belligerent trade 302, 676
- Base of naval operations, conditions constituting 797, 851, 854, 859, 862–863, 869–871, 881.
- Blockade, inclusion 96, 153–154, 166–174, 178, 490, 584–585
- Merchant ships supplying warships, treatment 851, 854, 861–864
- Prizes, treatment 821–824, 828, 829, 831, 835
- Warships and tenders of belligerents, treatment 797, 821–835, 838–839, 843
- Warships of belligerents, communication with shore 874–875, 881–882
- Neutral states, cooperation:
- Neutral territory:
- Neutral territory, violation. See Greece; Persia.
- Neutral trade, rights and interference. See Black list; Blockade; Contraband; Declaration of London; Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes; Naval war zone; Neutral cargoes; Retaliation; Shipping lines; Submarine warfare; Trade controversies.
- Neutralization proposals. See Constantinople.
- Nicosian, rescued from submarine by Baralong 527–529, 543, 577, 605–606, 651
- Nieuw Amsterdam, removal of mail 739
- Noordam, removal of mail 737, 738
- Noorderdijk, removal of mail 739
- North Carolina, American warship in Turkish waters 954, 963
- North Sea, military area declared by Great Britain 96, 104, 110, 140, 460, 461, 464
- Norway:
- Norwegian Food Commission, negotiations with Great Britain 720, 722
- Novocaine. See Drugs.
- Odenwald, restrained from leaving U. S. port without clearance 856–857, 860–861, 864–867
- Ogeechee, cargo of German origin detained 369, 379–381, 385, 392, 414, 434, 442, 446, 466, 487, 544, 594.
- Oil:
- Orduna, liner attacked 485, 545–546
- Oscar II, removal of parcel post 739
- “Packers’ cases” 147, 344–346, 405, 416, 429, 446, 474–476, 523, 549–551, 556–557, 561–569, 652.
- Pact of London, Italy’s adhesion 77
- Palermo, copper shipments detained 308, 337
- Papen, Capt. F. v. (German Military Attaché), recall 932, 939–941, 947–953
- Parcel post. See under Mails.
- Parole:
- Passports and consular certificates:
- Aliens, passports required for departure from U. S 911, 913–914
- Belgium, limitations on issue for 899
- Declarants, issuance to 907–908
- Emergency passports 899, 902, 906,
910
- Discontinuance 911
- Enlistment in belligerent forces by holders 908–910
- Expatriates, return 906
- Naturalized citizens and declarants, non-issuance for countries of origin 905, 907, 908
- Photographs, requirement 903, 906, 908, 911, 913
- Registration 901, 905
- Rules for issuance 902–904, 906–908, 911–913
- Specification of countries and objects 900–902, 912
- Visas required 901, 904–905
- Withdrawal for unneutral service 910
- Peace:
- Pedro (case cited), transfer of flag 333
- Persia, protection of German and Turkish interests by U. S 71–72, 990–996
- Peterhoff (Civil War case cited) 153, 541
- Petrolite, Standard Oil ship:
- Philippine Islands, interference with commerce 344–345
- Piepenbrink, August, removal from American ship 744–749, 753
- Pioneer, Standard Oil ship detained 457, 591, 592, 598, 601
- Pisa, project for supplying warships 858, 861–863, 869
- Platuria, Standard Oil ship detained 457, 591, 592, 600, 601
- Plots and propaganda, German and Austrian in U. S 7, 779, 894, 927–934, 936–940, 942.
- Poland, question of 45, 57, 88
- Polarine, Standard Oil ship detained 457, 591, 592, 600
- Pope Benedict XV, peace efforts 41, 52–53, 534
- Portugal, attitude toward the war 8–9, 802
- Prinz Eitel Friedrich, internment 341, 343, 824–833
- Prisoners of war and interned civilians, activities of U. S.
regarding treatment:
- General plan:
- Prize procedure:
- Prizes:
- Pythia, cotton cargo detained 516, 599
- Radio. See Wireless telegraphy.
- Rainbow, warship coaling in American waters 873, 875–876
- “Rationing” of European neutrals 296–297, 475, 500, 507
- Reagan Bale Co., shipments detained 398, 421, 478
- Recruiting. See Enlistment.
- Red Cross:
- Regina d’Italia, copper shipments seized 308, 337
- Registry of ships, transfer. See Flag: Transfer.
- Relief. See under Belgium; France; Prisoners; Servia; Turkey: Armenian persecutions.
- Reservists of belligerent forces:
- Retaliation, relation to neutral rights, views of:
- Rosevear, W. B., arrangements for importation of sugar-beet seed 248–249, 251
- Rosin. See Naval stores.
- Rotterdam, copper cargo detained 343
- Roumania, attitude toward the war 40, 41, 57–58, 63, 66, 68–69, 71, 84–85
- Russia:
- Constantinople, attitude on neutral zones 967
- Contraband list 148
- Interests in charge of U. S. in Turkey 36, 40–41, 44–45, 976
- Peace, terms and attitude 6, 59–61
- Persian neutrality, violation 71–72
- Prisoners of war and interned civilians, treatment 1017–1023
- Prize laws 148
- Transfer of flag of merchant ships, attitude 690
- War with Central powers—
- Sacramento, supplying belligerent warship 6, 7, 676, 869
- Safe-conducts:
- Saloniki, Allied occupation 62, 74–77, 87
- Salvarsan. See Drugs.
- San Juan, removal of belligerent reservists 752, 753
- Sayville wireless station taken over by Navy Dept 888n
- Schwab, Charles M., assurance against delivery of submarines to belligerents 782, 783, 816
- Schwimmer, Rosika, member of Ford peace party 78, 86, 87
- Seaconnet, cargo of German origin detained 487, 488, 532, 541, 544, 600
- Segurança, detention 359, 362, 373, 374, 378, 418, 425, 449, 591
- Servia:
- Seward, W. H. (Secretary of State, 1861–1869), quoted on continuous voyage 328
- Sharretts, T. S. (counsel for American Importers Association), participation in negotiations with British 234
- Shipping lines, restrictions on acceptance of goods 184–185, 201, 204, 213, 227, 276, 295, 308, 312, 338–339, 550, 571, 576, 602, 603, 610, 615, 641
- Sloterdyk, copper cargo detained 343
- Smith, Hoke (U. S. Senator), discussion of interferences with trade 198, 200, 218
- Smyrna, good offices of U. S. Consul General in truce 964–965, 967–968
- Southern Products Co., inquiry about cotton shipments 281
- Southerner, cotton cargo detained 430, 502
- Spain:
- Springbok (Civil War case cited) 170, 541, 585
- Squibb, E. R., & Sons, protest against interference with importation of drugs 207–208
- Standard Oil Co., detention of ships 449, 457, 591–593, 629–630
- Steinhardt & Kelly, inquiry about fruit shipments 197
- Stigstad, damages for detention 542, 544
- Stockholm, removal of mail 738
- Strachan Shipping Co., protest against interference with shipment of naval stores 199
- “Strict accountability,” warning to Germany 99, 394
- Strong, Dr. R. P., chief of sanitary mission to Servia 1041–1042
- Submarine warfare (see also
Naval war zone):
- Cases of attacks and sinkings:
- Damages, offer by Germany for loss of neutral ships 387–388, 419, 431, 440, 469
- German-American relations, effect on 396, 398–399, 401–403, 407–409, 419, 432, 460, 482, 490–491, 531, 534.
- German determination to continue 44, 121, 396, 398, 402–403, 419, 432, 440–441, 490, 528, 566.
- Modus vivendi between belligerents (see also under Foodstuffs), suggestions by U. S 107–108, 111–112, 119–120, 126, 129, 400–401, 406, 418, 421, 437–438, 481–482.
- Munitions cargoes on passenger ships 389, 398, 402, 409, 420, 433, 457, 459–461, 465.
- Negotiations, U. S. and Central powers (see also
Lusitania; Arabic; Ancona):
- Arrangements for American passenger traffic suggested by Germany 103, 110, 115, 116, 384, 402, 433, 442, 454, 457, 459–461, 465, 474.
- Communication of sailings of American ships 121, 468, 482, 484
- Demands of U. S 394–396, 436–438, 462, 477–478, 480–481, 545, 550, 571, 624, 627, 640.
- General negotiations following Lusitania note, July 21 490–491, 501, 537–538, 542–543, 550, 553
- Pledge not to sink liners without warning and precautions, by Germany 525, 531, 532, 538, 540, 545–546, 560, 604
- Neutral passengers and sailors on belligerent ships:
- Resistance and aggression by merchant ships 104–105, 114, 116–117, 122, 137, 159, 361, 364–366, 368, 370, 389, 420, 442–443, 460–461, 465, 506–507, 535, 539, 543, 560, 576–577, 606, 653–654
- Warships of U. S., request for distinguishing marks 1054–1057
- Submarines, sale to belligerents in sections 778, 781–783, 809, 813, 816
- Suffolk, warship hovering off American port 874–875
- Sugar-beet seed, arrangements for importation 247–252
- Sulzberger & Sons Co., meat shipments detained 345, 621, 652
- Supplying belligerent warships:
- Sweden:
- Blockade of Central powers, protest 146
- Convoy of merchant ships 126, 340, 628–629
- Cooperation with U. S., suggestions 486, 499–501, 507–510, 616, 738
- Embargoes 285, 309–310
- Mails, protest against interference 738
- Naval war zone and use of neutral flags, protests 101, 109, 125–126, 139–140
- Neutrality, maintenance 5, 7–8
- Trade, negotiations and unofficial arrangements with British 282–285, 287
- Swift & Co., shipments detained 344, 345, 621
- Switzerland:
- Sydland, detention 546, 599
- Taurus, meat shipments detained 344
- Tenders of warships 821–824, 832
- Tennessee, American warship in Turkish waters 954, 956, 958, 972
- Territorial waters (neutral), coaling of belligerent warships in 873, 875–876
- Texas, cotton shipments detained 478, 595, 601
- Textile Alliance, arrangements for importation of dyes and wool 252–254, 666–667
- Thrasher, L. C. See Falaba .
- Tobacco:
- Tomson, P. C., & Co., protest against discrimination by Netherlands Oversea Trust Co 275, 278
- Trade, controversies concerning (see also
list under
Neutral trade):
- American exports to neutrals, increase:
- British reexports to neutrals:
- Transfer of flag. See Flag: Transfer of merchant ships.
- Treaties of commerce, U. S. and Prussia (1785, 1799, 1828), bearing on controversies 361, 377, 396, 435, 451–452, 493–494, 522–523, 536, 551, 608, 645.
- Treaty of Washington (1871), review of prize cases 498
- Trent (Civil War case cited) 747–748
- Turkey (see also
Alexandretta; Constantinople; Gallipoli; Smyrna):
- Aliens and alien property, treatment 955–961, 967–979
- Armenian persecutions 977, 980–990
- Foreign institutions, treatment 953–955, 958
- Interests in charge of U. S. in—
- Jews, treatment 977–981
- Mails, censorship 740
- Peace suggestion 67
- U. S. naval forces in Turkish waters 45, 954–958
- War with Allied powers:
- Turpentine. See Naval stores.
- Tyrrell, Sir William (secretary to Sir Edward Grey), conversation on peace settlement 64
- United States (see also
Manifests; Passports):
- Armament of merchant ships, attitude 122, 159, 361, 576–577, 845–851
- Armenian persecutions, attitude 980–989
- Belgian relief, attitude 1028, 1035–1037, 1039
- Blockade of Albanian coast, protest 172, 177–178
- Blockade of Central powers, protests 132–133, 152–156, 472–473, 490 [Page 1078]
- Cablegrams:
- Citizens abroad, aid, protection, repatriation:
- Citizens’ protests against detention and seizure of ships and cargoes 191–192, 338–339, 379, 473–474, 553–554.
- Citizens’ protests against interference with cablegrams 697, 705
- Citizens’ protests against interference with imports from Germany 207–209, 228, 231, 233–236, 242
- Congress:
- Consuls:
- Contraband, attitude 165, 183, 195, 306–307, 588–589
- Cooperation of neutral states, attitude 110, 122, 298–299, 486, 500–501, 640, 738
- Customs collectors, instructions and reports on maintenance of neutrality 825–827, 829–832, 835, 850–851, 856–857, 866, 892, 895.
- Declaration of London, attitude 377
- Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes, attitude and protests 107, 305–308, 312, 335, 337, 345, 354, 356, 362, 365, 369, 376, 379, 381, 390–391, 398, 434–435, 457, 458, 472–474, 492, 499, 608–609, 629–630, 641–642.
- Detentions and embargoes, “working arrangement” with Great Britain 297, 302, 334, 371–374, 382–383, 391, 399, 505, 559, 625, 661–669, 686–687.
- Diplomatic relations with Bulgaria 71, 79, 914–916
- Embargoes and blockade, efforts for exemptions:
- Enlistment in belligerent forces, attitude 761, 763, 766–767, 772
- Flag:
- Foreign Trade Advisers of Department of State, informal trade negotiations and agreements with British 190, 204, 208–226, 228–230, 232–241, 245–246, 248–250
- Hospital supplies, efforts for exemption from seizure 1047, 1050–1052
- Hostile acts against belligerent property, prevention 890–896
- Hovering by belligerent warships, protests 872–874, 877–882
- Intercessions on behalf of foreigners in Turkey 956–962, 965, 967–979
- Jews in Turkey, solicitude for 979–981
- Loans to belligerent governments, attitude 777, 820
- Mails, rules for diplomatic and consular 743
- Members of belligerent forces, attitude on entrance and transit 774, 776, 787
- Munitions, attitude on sale 129, 162, 780, 785, 794–799, 802, 804, 814, 816, 818–820.
- Naval forces in Turkish waters 45, 954–958
- Peace:
- Prisoners of war and interned civilians, proposals regarding 1004–1009, 1012–1014, 1021–1022
- Prize procedure:
- Red Cross, relation of diplomatic and consular officers to 1040–1042
- Representation in enemy and occupied countries of—
- Reservists of belligerent forces, attitude:
- Retaliation, view of effect on neutral rights 99, 132, 154, 242, 394, 417, 477, 480–481.
- Submarine warfare, attitude:
- Arrangements suggested for American passenger traffic 439, 462, 477, 481
- Communication of sailings of American ships 121, 468, 482, 484
- Demands for limitations 394–396, 436–438, 462, 477–478, 480–481, 545, 550, 571, 624, 627, 640.
- Modus vivendi between belligerents, suggestions 107–108, 111–112, 119–120, 126, 129, 400–401, 406, 418, 437–438, 481–482.
- Notes and communications to Austria 623–627, 640–641, 647–648, 650
- Notes and communications to Germany 98–100, 393–396, 436–438, 476–478, 480–482, 547–548, 560–561, 649.
- Warships, display of distinguishing marks 1055–1056
- Supplying belligerent warships by merchant ships, rules and attitude 851, 862–865, 868–870
- Transfer of flag of merchant ships, attitude 458, 612, 620–621, 675–676, 679, 686, 688–690, 692–696.
- Transmission of communications between belligerents:
- Treaties for the advancement of general peace, negotiations with Bulgaria 34
- Warships of belligerents in ports 797, 821–835, 838–839, 843
- Wireless telegraphy, regulations for use 697–699, 882–883
- United States, removal of parcel post 739
- United States Steel Products Co., license to import manganese 668
- Unneutral service:
- Untermyer, A., inquiries regarding copper shipments 183
- Urion, A. R., attorney for packers 147, 345, 405, 472, 474–476, 565
- Veeder, H., attorney for packers 561–564, 621
- Vinland, molested by British warship in American waters 877–881
- Visit and search, insistence upon, by U. S. 98–99, 120, 152, 161, 394, 436–438, 480, 515, 579–580, 590.
- Vitalia, meat shipments detained 342, 353, 550–551, 556, 591, 602
- Wagner, R. G. See American Transatlantic Co.
- Waimana, armed merchant ship 577, 605, 848–851
- Walsh, J. T., inquiry about transfer of ships to American flag 675
- Walter, L. M., attorney for packers 561–564
- Warfare, charges of illegal and inhumane methods:
- Warner, J. H., inquiry about transfer of ships to American flag 695–696
- Warren, G. E., inquiry about food shipment to Germany 318
- Warships, belligerent. See Hovering; Internment; Neutral ports; Supplying.
- Western Union Telegraph Co., protest against interference with cablegrams and correspondence on use of wireless 705, 713, 716–717
- White, A. D. (former Ambassador to Germany), alleged representations against munitions export 430, 784–785
- Wico, detention with oil cargo 354, 361, 365, 422, 591, 594, 598, 600
- Wiley, Mark. See Iberian.
- Wilhelmina , food cargo for Germany seized 105–108, 113, 116, 125, 141–142, 313, 317, 320, 335–336, 363, 365, 383, 405, 449, 475, 562.
-
William P. Frye
, American ship destroyed at sea 141,
341, 344, 355, 509, 826
- American claim 357
- German contentions 360–361
- American request for diplomatic settlement 376–377
- Renewal of American request 450–453
- German suggestion of arbitration of legal question 493–495
- American acceptance of arbitration, with conditions 504–505
- German reply of Sept. 19 to American conditions 551–552
- German proposal of compromis 644–646
- Wilson, Woodrow (President):
- Windber, removal of belligerent reservist 744, 748–749
- Wireless telegraphy:
- Wolf, L. (President, American Chamber of Commerce of Berlin), participation in negotiations with British for imports 210, 216–218
- Zamora, British prize court decision upholding orders in council 467, 469–472, 497, 586, 593, 597, 601