Historical Documents - Office of the Historian

Aaron, David L., President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs from 1977 until 1981

Abramowitz, Morton I., Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from 1974 until 1978; Ambassador to Thailand from 1978 until 1981

Albright, Madeleine, Congressional Relations Officer, Press and Congressional Liaison Office, National Security Council from 1978 until 1981

Allen, Lew, Jr., General, USAF; Chief of Staff of the USAF from July 1, 1978 until June 30, 1982

Allen, Richard V., foreign policy advisor to candidate Ronald Reagan during the 1980 presidential campaign; Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from 1981 until 1982

Anderson, Donald M., member, Office of People’s Republic of China and Mongolia Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State

Armacost, Michael A., member, National Security Council Staff for East Asian and Chinese Affairs from January 1977 until July 1978; Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for East Asia, Pacific and Inter-American Affairs from July 1978; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from January 1980

Atkinson, Richard C., Director of the National Science Foundation

AuCoin, Les, member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Oregon) from January 1975 until January 1993

Baker, Howard H., Senator (R–Tennessee) from 1967 until 1984

Bakhtiar, Shapour, Prime Minister of Iran from January 4, 1979 until February 11, 1979

Barnett, Patrica, Deputy Director, East Asia and the Pacific, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State

Barraclough, William G., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Trade Policy

Barre, Mohamed Siad, President of Somalia from October 1969 until January 1991

Bartholomew, Reginald, member, National Security Council Staff for USSR/Eastern Europe from November 1977 until April 1979; Assistant Secretary of State for Politico-Military Affairs from July 1, 1979 until January 20, 1981

Bayh, Birch, Senator (D–Indiana) from 1963 until 1981

Begin, Menachem, Prime Minister of Israel from June 1977 until October 1983

Ben-Gurion, David, Prime Minister of Israel from May 1948 until January 1954, and from November 1955 until June 1963.

Bergland, Robert S., Secretary of Agriculture from 1977 until 1981

Bergsten, C. Fred, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Department of the Treasury from 1977 until 1981

Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, President of Pakistan from December 20, 1971 until August 14, 1973; Prime Minister until 1977

Blumenthal, W. Michael, Secretary of the Treasury from January 23, 1977 until August 4, 1979

Boumediene, Houari, President of Algeria from June 19, 1965 until December 27, 1978

Bowie, Robert R., Deputy Director for National Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency

Bo Yibo, Vice Premier of the State Council (PRC)

Brademas, John, member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Indiana) from 1959 until 1980

Brezhnev, Leonid, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964 until 1982

Brooke, Edward William, III, Senator (D–Massachusetts) from 1967 until 1978

Brown, General George S., Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from July 1, 1974 until June 20, 1978

Brown, Harold, Secretary of Defense from January 21, 1977 until January 20, 1981

Brownell, Herbert, Jr., U.S. Attorney General from 1953 until 1957; advisor to Secretary of State Vance on legal issues surrounding the normalization of relations with the People’s Republic of China

Brzezinski, Emilie Benes (Muska), sculptor and the wife of Zbigniew Brzezinski

Brzezinski, Zbigniew K., professor at Columbia University and advisor to Jimmy Carter during the 1976 presidential campaign; Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from 1977 until 1981

Bush, George H.W., Head of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing from October 21, 1974 until December 7, 1975; Director of the Central Intelligence Agency from January 30, 1976 until January 20, 1977; Vice President of the United States from January 20, 1981 until January 20, 1989

Byrd, Robert C., Senator (D–West Virginia) from 1959 until 2010.

Califano, Joseph A., Jr., Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare from 1977 until 1979

Callaghan, James, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from April 5, 1976 until May 4, 1979

Cao Guisheng (Tsao Kuei-sheng), Political Counselor for PRCLO

Carlucci, Frank, Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency from February 1978 until February 1981

Carswell, Robert, Deputy Secretary of the Treasury from 1977 until 1981

Carter, Hodding, III, Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs and Department of State Spokesperson from March 25, 1977 until June 30, 1980

Carter, James Earl (Chip), III, son of President James Carter

Carter, James Earl (Jimmy), President of the United States from January 20, 1977 until January 20, 1981

Case, Clifford P., Jr., Senator (R–New Jersey) from 1955 until 1979

Ceausescu, Nicolae, First Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 until 1989; President of Romania from 1967 until 1989

Ch’ai Tse-min, see Chai Zemin

Chai Zemin (Ch’ai Tse-min), Chief of the Liaison Office of the PRC from March 1978 until March 1979; PRC Ambassador to the United States from March 1979 until 1982

Chang, Vivian, interpreter at the Department of State

Chang Wen-chin, see Zhang Wenjin

Chiang Ching-kuo, see Jiang Jingguo

Chiang Kai-shek, see Jiang Jieshi

Chiang Kai-shek, Madame, see Jiang Jieshi, Madame

Chien, Fu (Fredrick F.), see Jian Fu

Chou En-lai, see Zhou Enlai

Christopher, Warren M., Deputy Secretary of State from February 25, 1977 until January 16, 1981

Chu Chi-chen, see Zhu Qizhen

Church, Frank F., Senator (D–ldaho) from 1957 until 1981

Claytor, W. Graham, Jr., Secretary of the Navy from 1977 until 1979; Acting Secretary of Transportation during 1979; Deputy Secretary of Defense from August 24, 1979 until January 16, 1981

Clift, A. Denis, Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs from 1977 until 1981

Cline, Ray S., Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State from 1969 until 1973

Cochrane, James, member, National Security Council Staff for International Economics from 1978 until 1979

Cohen, William S., member, U.S. House of Representatives (R–Maine) from January 1973 until January 1979; Senator (R–Maine) from January 1979 until January 1997

Colm, Peter W., member, Office of Research and Analysis for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, Department of State

Cooper, Richard N., Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs from April 8, 1977 until January 19, 1981

Costle, Douglas M., Administrator of the EPA from 1977 until 1981

Cranston, Alan, Senator (D–California) from 1969 until 1993

Cronkite, Walter, U.S. broadcast journalist

Davies, Thomas D., Assistant Director for Multilateral Affairs, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency

Deal, Timothy, member, National Security Council Staff for International Economics from January 1977 until April 1979 and from January 1980 until January 1981

DeConcini, Dennis Webster, Senator (D–Arizona) from January 3, 1977 until January 3, 1995

Denend, Leslie G., member, National Security Council Staff for Global Issues from 1977 until 1979; Special Assistant to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from 1980 until 1981

Deng Xiaoping (Teng Hsiao-p’ing), PRC Deputy Premier from 1952 until 1967; Vice Premier of State Council from 1973 until 1974; Vice Premier until 1983

Desai, Morarji, Prime Minister of India from March 24, 1977 until July 28, 1979

Dinneen, Gerald P., Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering; Assistant Secretary of Defense for Communications, Command, Control, and Intelligence from April 1977 until January 1980

Dirksen, Everett, member, U.S. House of Representatives (R–Illinois) from 1933 until 1949; Senator (R–Illinois) from 1951 until 1969

Dobrynin, Anatoly F., Soviet Ambassador to the United States from 1962 until 1986

Dodson, Christine, Staff Secretary, National Security Council

Dole, Robert, Senator (R–Kansas) from 1969 until 1996

Donovan, Hedley, Editor in Chief of Time, Incorporated.

Dulles, John Foster, Secretary of State from January 1953 until April 1959

Duncan, Charles W., Jr., Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1977 until 1979; Secretary of Energy from 1979 until 1981

Ecevit, Bulent, Prime Minister of Turkey from June 21, 1977 until July 21, 1977, and from January 5, 1978 until November 12, 1979

Erb, Guy F., member, National Security Council Staff for International Economics from 1977 until 1980

Ericson, Richard A., Jr., Deputy Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State

Ermarth, Fritz, member, National Security Council Staff for Defense Coordination from September 1978 until November 1980

Fairbank, John King, scholar of modern Chinese history who taught at Harvard University

Feldman, Harvey J., Country Director, Republic of China Office, Department of State from September 1977; Special Coordinator for Taiwan from January 1979

Fisher, Richard, Department of Treasury action officer for Blumenthal trip to China of February 1979

Ford, Gerald R., member, U.S. House of Representatives (R–Michigan) from 1963 until 1973; House Minority Leader from 1965 until 1973; Vice President from October 13, 1973 until August 8, 1974; President from August 8, 1974 until January 20, 1977

Freeman, Charles W., Jr., Director, Office of People’s Republic of China and Mongolia Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State from July 1979

Frenzel, William Eldridge, member, House of Representatives (R–Minnesota) from January 3, 1971 until January 3, 1991

Frey, James M., Assistant Director for Legislative Reference, Office of Management and Budget

Frosch, Robert A., NASA Administrator from 1977 until 1981

Fukuda, Takeo, Prime Minister of Japan from December 24, 1976 until December 7, 1978

Gandhi, Indira, Prime Minister of India from 1966 until 1977

Gardner, Richard N., advisor to Jimmy Carter during the 1976 presidential campaign; Ambassador to Italy from March 1977 until February 1981

Garn, Edwin J. (Jake), Senator (R–Utah) from December 21, 1974 until January 3, 1993

Gates, Robert M., Special Assistant to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from April 1979 until December 1979

Gates, Thomas S., Secretary of Defense from 1959 until 1960; Chief of the US Liaison Office in Peking with a personal rank as Ambassador from May 6, 1976 until May 8, 1977

Geng Biao, Vice Premier and Secretary General of the Military Commission (PRC)

Glenn, John H., first American to orbit the earth; Senator (D–Ohio) from 1974 until 1999

Gleysteen, William H, Jr., member, National Security Council Staff from August 1976 until January 1977; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from January 1977; U.S. Ambassador to Korea from July 1978 until June 1981

Goldwater, Barry, Senator (R–Arizona) from 1953 until 1986

Gromyko, Andrei A., Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union from 1957 until 1985

Gwertzman, Bernard, reporter for The New York Times

Habib, Philip C., Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from July 1, 1976 until April 1, 1978

Hallford, Scott S., head of the Economic division, Office of People’s Republic of China and Mongolia Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State; Department of State action officer for Blumenthal trip to China of February 1979

Hamrin, Carol L., analyst in the Office of Research and Analysis for East Asia and Pacific Affairs, Department of State

Handler, Philip, President of the National Academy of Sciences

Han Hsu, see Han Xu

Han Nianlung, Vice Foreign Minister (PRC)

Hansell, Herbert J., Legal Advisor of the Department of State from April 8, 1977 until September 20, 1979

Hanson, Carl Thor, Vice Admiral, Director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from June 22, 1979 until June 30, 1981

Han Xu (Han Hsu), Deputy Head of the PRC Liaison Office in the United States from 1973; Director of the American and Oceanian Affairs Department at the PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs from March 1979

Hao Dejing (Hao Te-ching), President of the Chinese People’s Institute of Foreign Affairs

Hart, Gary W., Senator (D–Colorado) from 1975 until 1987

Hartman, Arthur A., Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs from January 8, 1974 until June 8, 1977; Acting Secretary of State during February 1977

Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Kampuchea from 1979 until 1981

Henze, Paul B., member, National Security Council Staff for Intelligence Coordination from 1977 until 1980; headed the Nationality Working Group in the NSC from 1977 until 1980 and also covered NSC issues involving Cyprus/Turkey/Greece, the Horn of Africa, and international broadcasting

Holbrooke, Richard C., Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from March 1977 until January 1981

Holdridge, John H., co-deputy chief of mission in Beijing from 1973 until 1975; U.S. Ambassador to Singapore from August 1975 until June 1978; National Intelligence Officer for East Asia from 1979 until 1981: Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from 1981 until 1983

Hollings, Ernest F. (Fritz), Senator (D–South Carolina) from November 9, 1966 until January 3, 2005

Hormats, Robert D., member, National Security Council Staff for International Economics from 1969 until 1977; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs from 1977 until 1979; Deputy Trade Representative from 1979 until 1981

Hsu Shang-wei, see Xu Shangwei

Hua Guofeng (Hua Kuo-feng), Member of Politburo from 1973 until 1982; Premier of the State Council of PRC from 1976 until 1980; Chairman of Chinese Communist Party from 1976 until 1981

Huang Chen (Huang Zhen), Chief of the PRC Liaison Office in the United States from March 1973 until November 1977

Huang Hua, PRC Foreign Minister from 1976 until 1982

Huberman, Benjamin, member, National Security Council Staff

Hunter, Robert, member, National Security Council Staff for Western Europe from 1977 until 1979

Huntington, Samuel P., member, National Security Council Staff for National Security Planning from February 1977 until August 1978

Inderfurth, Karl Frederick (Rick), Special Assistant to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from January 1977 until April 1979

Inman, Bobby Ray, Director of the National Security Agency from 1977 until 1981

Jackson, Henry M. (Scoop), Senator (D–Washington) from 1952 until 1983

Javits, Jacob K., Senator (R–New York) from 1947 until 1980

Jaworski, Leon, Special Prosecutor during the Watergate investigation following the firing of Archibald Cox; House Ethics Committee’s Special Counsel into investigation of ROK influence buying

Jayne, Edward R., II, Associate Director for National Security and International Affairs, Office of Management and Budget

Jian Fu (Chien Fu) (Frederick F. Chien), Vice Minister of the Taiwanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek), President of the ROC from March 1, 1950 until April 5, 1975; Director-General, Kuomintang, from 1938 until 1975

Jiang Jieshi, Madame (Madame Chiang Kai-shek), wife of Jiang Jieshi; born Song Meiling (Soong Mayling)

Jiang Jingguo (Chiang Ching-kuo), son of Jiang Jieshi; Minister of Defense of the ROC from 1965 until 1969; Vice Premier of the Executive Yuan from 1969 until 1972; Premier from 1972 until 1978; President from 1978 until 1988

Ji Chaozhu, Deputy Director, Department of American and Oceanian Affairs, PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Johnson, Darryl N., Chief Political Officer, Office of the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State

Jones, General David C., Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from June 21, 1978 until June 18, 1982

Jordan, Hamilton, Assistant to the President from 1977 until July 1979; White House Chief of Staff from July 1979 until June 1980;

Kalicki, Jan H., member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State from 1974 until 1977

Kardelj, Edvard, Member of the Presidency of Yugoslavia

Katz, Julius L. Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs from September 1976 until November 1979

Kennedy, Edward M. (Ted), Senator (D–Massachusetts) from 1962 until 2009

Khrushchev, Nikita, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from September 14, 1953 until October 14, 1964

Kim Dong-jo, a former ROK ambassador to the United States who was accused of having bribed members of the U.S. Congress

Kim Il-sung (Kim Il Sung), Premier (Chairman of the Council of Ministers) of the DPRK from September 3, 1948 until December 28, 1972; President (Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People’s Assembly) of the DPRK from December 28, 1972 until July 8, 1994; and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers’ Party of Korea from September 3, 1948 until July 8, 1994

Kirbo, Charles, political confidant to Jimmy Carter when Carter was Governor of Georgia and President

Kissinger, Henry A., Secretary of State from September 21, 1973 until January 20, 1977

Klutznick, Philip M., Secretary of Commerce from 1979 until 1981

Komer, Robert W., Advisor to the Secretary of Defense of NATO Affairs until September 27, 1979; Under Secretary of Defense for Policy from October 24, 1979 until January 20, 1981

Kreps, Juanita M., Secretary of Commerce from 1977 until 1979

Kriangsak Chamanan, Prime Minister of Thailand from November 11, 1977 until March 3, 1980

Lake, W. Anthony, Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State from January 1977 until January 1981

Le Duan, General Secretary of the Vietnamese Workers’ Party (later the Vietnamese Communist Party) from 1960 until 1986

Levin, Burton, Director, Office of Republic of China Affairs, Department of State

Li Hsien-nien, see Li Xiannian

Lilley, James, National Intelligence Officer for China from 1975 until 1978

Lin Piao (Lin Biao), PRC Minister of Defense from 1959 until September 1971; Vice Chairman of the CCP Central Committee (Politburo) from August 1966 until September 1971

Lipshutz, Robert, White House Counsel from 1977 until 1980

Liu Hua-ching, see Liu Huaqing

Liu Huaqing (Liu Hua-ching), Deputy Chief of the PLA General Staff (PRC)

Li Xiannian (Li Hsien-nien), PRC Vice Premier until 1980

Long, Russell, Senator (D–Louisiana) from 1948 until 1987

Lord, Winston, Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State from October 1973 until January 1977

Lyne, Stephen R., Director, Office of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State

Machel, Samora Moises, President of Mozambique from 1975 until 1986

Mansfield, Michael, Senator (D–Montana) from 1952 until 1976; Majority Leader from 1961 until 1976

Mao Tse-tung, see Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), Chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party until September 9, 1976

Marcos, Ferdinand, President of Philippines from 1965 until 1986

Marcos, Imelda, First Lady of the Philippines from December 30, 1965 until February 25, 1986; Special Diplomatic Envoy from 1978 until 1986

Marks, Lee R., member, Office of the Legal Advisor

Marshall, Andrew W., Director, Office of Net Assessment, Department of Defense from 1973

Martin, Robert A., Director, Office of Political-Military Affairs and Theatre Forces, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State

Mathews, Jessica Tuchman, member, National Security Council Staff for Global Issues from January 1977 until June 1979; editorial board of The Washington Post from 1980 until 1982

McAuliffe, Eugene V., Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs from May 6, 1976 until April 1, 1977

McGiffert, David E., Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs from April 4, 1977 until January 20, 1981

McNamara, Robert S., President of the World Bank from 1968 until 1981

Miller, G. William, Secretary of the Treasury from August 6, 1979 until January 20, 1981

Mink, Patsy, Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs from March 28, 1977 until May 1, 1978

Moe, Richard, Chief of Staff for Vice President Mondale from 1977 until January 1981

Mondale, Walter, Vice President of the United States from January 20, 1977 until January 20, 1981

Moore, Frank B., Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison from 1977 until January 1981

Moynihan, Daniel P., Senator (D–New York) from 1977 until 2001

Murray, Russell, II, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Program Analysis and Evaluation from April 28, 1977 until January 20, 1981

Muskie, Edmund S., Senator (D–Maine) from January 3, 1959 until May 7, 1980; Secretary of State from May 8, 1980 until January 20, 1981

Negroponte, John D., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs

Newsom, David D., Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from April 19, 1978 until February 27, 1981

Nguyen Co, Thach Vice-Foreign Minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1960 until 1979

Nixon, Richard M., President of the United States from January 20, 1969 until August 9, 1974

Nunn, Samuel A., Senator (D–Georgia) from 1972 until 1997

Nye, Joseph, Deputy Under Secretary for Security Assistance, Science and Technology

Nyerere, Julius, President of Tanzania from 1964 until 1985

Oakley, Robert B., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific and Pacific Affairs

Odom, William E., Military Assistant to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from 1977 until 1981

O’Donohue, Daniel A., member, Office of the Under Secretary for Political Affairs

Ohira Masayoshi, Prime Minister of Japan from December 7, 1978 until June 12, 1980

Oksenberg, Michel, member, National Security Council Staff for East Asian and Chinese affairs from 1977 until 1980; Professor of Political Science at the University of Michigan

O’Neill, Thomas Phillip, Jr. (Tip), member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Massachusetts) from January 3, 1953 until January 3, 1987

Owen, Henry D., advisor to Jimmy Carter during the 1976 presidential campaign; member, National Security Council Staff for International Economics from 1977 until 1981

Park Chung Hee, President of the ROK (South Korea) from December 17, 1963 until October 26, 1979

Park Tongsun (Pak Dong-seon), was accused of bribing members of the U.S. Congress on behalf of the ROK government

Perry, William J., director of Defense Research and Engineering from April 11, 1977 until October 21, 1977; Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering from October, 21, 1977 until January 20, 1981

Pham Van Dong, Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 until 1976; Prime Minister of Vietnam from 1976 until 1987

Phan Hien, Vice Foreign Minister of Vietnam

Phillips, Christopher H., first president of the U.S.-China Business Council

Platt, Nicholas, political officer, United States Liaison Office from May 1973 until January 1974; stationed in Japan from July 1974 until 1977; member, National Security Council staff for East Asian and Chinese Affairs from 1978 until 1980; Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs from 1980 until 1981

Pol Pot (Saloth Sar), General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea from 1963 until 1981 and Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea from May 1976 until January 1979

Popple, Paul M., Deputy Chief of Mission to the Republic of China from October 1974 until September 1977

Pratt, Mark S., Chief of General Affairs at the Taipei Office of the American Institute in Taiwan

Press, Frank, Special Adviser to the President for Science and Technology; Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy from 1977

Qian Dayong (Tsien Ta-yung), Counselor of the PRC Liaison Office

Quandt, William B., member, National Security Council Staff for the Middle East from January 1977 until August 1979

Rathner, Herbert, Foreign Service Officer detailed to the International Communication Agency from August 1978

Reagan, Ronald, Republican candidate for President in 1976 and 1980; President of the United States from 1981 until 1989

Reinhardt, John E., Director of the International Communication Agency from March 23, 1977 until August 29, 1980

Renner, John C., Counselor and Special Envoy, Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiation

Resor, Stanley, Under Secretary of Defense for Policy from August 14, 1978 until April 1, 1979

Richardson, John, Jr., Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs from July 15, 1969 until March 7, 1977; Center for Strategic and International Studies

Richeson, Alfred K., Lieutenant Colonel, member, East Asia and Pacific Region, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs

Rockefeller, David, chief executive officer of Chase Manhattan Bank from 1969 until 1980; chairman of the Council of Foreign Relations from 1970 until 1985; initiated the creation of the Trilateral Commission

Rogers, Bernard W., General, Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army from 1976 until 1979

Rogers, William P., Secretary of State from January 21, 1969 until September 3, 1973

Romberg, Alan D., member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State

Roy, J. Stapleton, Deputy Director, Office of People’s Republic of China and Mongolia Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State from June 1978; Deputy Chief of Mission, United States Liaison Office from March 1979; Deputy Chief of Mission, Embassy in Beijing

Sadat, Anwar, President of Egypt from 1970 until 1981

Schecter, Jerrold, Press Officer and Associate Press Secretary, National Security Council from January 1977 until February 1980

Schlesinger, James R., Secretary of Energy from August 5, 1977 until July 20, 1979

Schmidt, Helmut, West German Chancellor from 1974 until 1982

Scranton, William, Representative of the United States to the United Nations from March 15, 1976 until January 19, 1977

Seignious, George M., Lieutenant General, Director of Arms Control and Disarmament Agency from December 4, 1978 until January 3, 1980

Seitz, Raymond G.H., Deputy Executive Secretary

Shen Ch’ang-huan, see Shen Changhuan

Shen Changhuan (Shen Ch’ang-huan), Foreign Minister of the ROC from May 29, 1972 until December 16, 1978

Shen, James C.H., see Shen Jianhong

Shen Jianhong (Shen, James C. H.), ROC Ambassador to the United States from May 18, 1971 until January 1, 1979

Shoesmith, Thomas P., Hong Kong Consulate General from October 1977

Shulman, Marshall D., Soviet specialist; Special Advisor to the Secretary of State

Sick, Gary, member, National Security Council Staff for the Middle East from January 1977 until January 1980

Sihanouk, Norodom, Prince, Head of State of Cambodia from 1960 until 1970, then leader of a government-in-exile in Peking from 1970 until 1975; Head of State from August 1975 until April 1976;

Singh, Charan, Prime Minister of India from July 28, 1979 until January 14, 1980

Smith, Ian, Prime Minister of Rhodesia until June 1, 1979

Smith, Michael B., chief negotiator for the US–PRC textile negotiation; Deputy Trade Representative, Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiation

Smith, William Y., Lieutenant General, USAF; Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from September 1975

Solarz, Stephen J., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–New York) from January 1975 until January 1993

Song Chuyu (James Soong), Private Secretary to Premier Chiang Ching-Kuo from 1974 until 1977 and to President Chiang from 1978 until 1981

Song Zhangzhi (Soong Chang-chih), Chief of the General Staff, Ministry of National Defense, from 1976 until 1981

Sonoda Sunao, Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1977 until 1979, and in 1981

Soong Chang-chih, see Song Zhangzhi

Soong, James, see Song Chuyu

Stevenson, Adlai E., III, Senator (D–Illinois) from 1970 until 1981

Stoddard, Philip H., Acting Deputy Director for Research and Analysis for Near East and South Asia from March 1978; Acting Director for Research from July 1979; Council on Foreign Relations from September 1979 until June 1980; Deputy Assistant Secretary for Current Analysis at the Bureau of Intelligence and Research from July 1980

Stone, Richard, Senator (D–Florida) from 1975 until 1980

Stratton, Samuel Studdiford, member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–New York) from 1959 until 1989

Strauss, Robert S., Special Representative for Trade Negotiations from 1977 until 1980

Suharto, Mohammed, Acting President of Indonesia from 1967 until 1968; President of Indonesia from 1968 until 1998

Sullivan, Roger W., Hong Kong International Relations Officer from August 1976; Taipei Deputy Chief of Mission Minister Counselor from August 1977; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from July 1978; member, National Security Council Staff for East Asian and Chinese affairs from February 1980 until January 1981

Sylvester, John, Jr., Acting Assistant Deputy Director for Research from November 1978; Assistant Deputy Director for Research from December 1978

Takeiri Yoshikatsu, Leader of the Komeito political party (Japan)

Talmadge, Herman E., Senator (D–Georgia) from 1957 until 1981

Tang, Nancy (Tang Wensheng), official in the PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs; frequently translated for Mao and Zhou during their meetings with U.S. officials in the 1970s

Tang Wensheng, see Nancy Tang

Taraki, Nur Muhammad, President of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan from April 30, 1978 until September 16, 1979; Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan from May 1, 1978 until March 27, 1979

Tarnoff, Peter R., Executive Secretary from April 4, 1977 until February 8, 1981

Teng Hsiao-p’ing, see Deng Xiaoping

Thayer, Harry E.T., Deputy Director, Office of People’s Republic of China and Mongolia Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State from August 1976

Thornton, Thomas, member, National Security Council Staff for South Asia and UN Matters from 1977 until 1981

Tito, Josip Broz, President of Yugoslavia from 1963 until 1980

Toon, Malcolm, U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union from January 1977 until October 1979

Tower, John, Senator (R–Texas) from 1961 until 1985

Trudeau, Pierre-Elliott, Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 until June 3, 1979 and from March 3, 1980 until June 30, 1984

Tsao Kuei-sheng, see Cao Guisheng

Tsien Ta-yung, see Qian Dayong

Tuchman, Jessica, see Jessica Tuchman Mathews

Turner, Stansfield, Admiral, Director of Central Intelligence Agency from 1977 until 1981

Ullman, Albert C., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Oregon) from January 3, 1957 until January 3, 1981

Unger, Leonard S., U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of China from May 25, 1974 until January 19, 1979

Vance, Cyrus, Secretary of State from January 23, 1977 until April 28, 1980

Vanik, Charles, member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Ohio) from January 1955 until January 1981

Verville, Elizabeth G., Assistant Legal Adviser for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State

Vessey, John W., Commanding General of the Eighth U.S. Army; Commander of U.S. Forces, Korea; Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Command

Waldheim, Kurt, Austrian Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1972 until 1982

Wang Hai-jung, see Wang Hairong

Wang Hairong (Wang Hai-jung), Vice Minister in the PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs from July 1974 until February 1979

Watson, Barbara M., Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs from August 13, 1977 until September 11, 1980

Watson, Jack, Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs, Secretary to the Cabinet, and White House Chief of Staff during the Carter Administration

Watson, Thomas, Jr., U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union from October 1979 until January 1981

Weicker, Lowell P., Jr., Senator (R–Connecticut) from January 3, 1971 until January 3, 1989

Weil, Frank A., Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Head of the International Trade Administration from February 1977 until October 1979

Weisner, Maurice F., Admiral, Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific Command from 1976 until 1979

Wexler, Anne, Special Assistant to President Carter for Public Outreach from April 1978 until January 1981

Wisner, Frank G., Deputy Executive Secretary of State from April 1977

Woerner, Manfred, member of the German parliament from 1965 until 1988

Wolff, Lester, member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–New York) from 1965 until 1980

Woodcock, Leonard, President of the United Auto Workers from 1970 until 1977; Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing from July 1977 until March 1979; U.S. Ambassador to the People’s Republic of China from March 1979 until February 1981

Xu Shangwei (Hsu Shang-wei), interpreter at the PRC Liaison Office

Yang Yuyung, interpreter for PRCLO

Yan Jiagan (Yen Chia-kan) (C.K. Yen), President of ROC from 1975 until 1978

Yeh Chien-ying, see Ye Jianying

Ye Jianying (Yeh Chien-ying), Head of State of the PRC from 1978 until 1983

Yen Chia-kan (C.K.), see Yan Jiagan

Young, Andrew J., Representative of the U.S. to the United Nations from January 30, 1977 until September 23, 1979

Zablocki, Clement J., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Wisconsin) from 1949 until 1982

Zhang Aiping, Chairman of the Chinese National Defense Science and Technology Commission

Zhang Wenjin (Chang Wen-chin), Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs (PRC)

Zhou Enlai (Chou En-lai), Premier of the PRC from September 21, 1949 until his death in January 8, 1976; member, Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party’s Political Bureau from 1956 until 1976

Zhou Wenzhong, interpreter for the PRC Embassy in Washington

Zhu Qizhen (Chu Chi-chen), Deputy Director of the American and Oceanian Affairs Department at the PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Zia-ul-Haq, Muhammad, President of Pakistan from September 16, 1978 until August 17, 1988

Zumwalt, Elmo R., Jr., Admiral, Chief of Naval Operations from 1970 until 1974.

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1977–1980, Volume XIII, China

Persons