Foreign Relations, 1969–1976, Volume XLII, Vietnam: The
Kissinger-Le Duc Tho Negotiations
Abbreviations and Terms
-
- ABC, American
Broadcasting Company
- AFP,
Agence France Presse, a French news
agency
- Avenue Kléber (also Ave.
Kléber or Kléber), address of the International
Conference Center at the Hotel Majestic in Paris, the site of the
(plenary) Paris Peace Talks; see also Paris
Peace Talks
-
- B-52
Stratofortress, a heavy bomber used for both
strategic and tactical bombing
- ban phong
tom, Vietnamese dish of shrimp flour
chips
-
- La Celle St. Cloud (also
St. Cloud), a suburb of Paris, the location of
the post-Accord meetings between the Republic of (South) Vietnam and
the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam to establish a National
Council of National Reconciliation and Concord, which began in March
1973
- cha gio,
minced pork buns, Vietnamese dish made of fried rice paper filled
with meat and vegetables
- Choisy-le-Roi (also
Choisy), a suburb of Paris, the location of one
of the residences of the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam at
11 Rue Darthé, used as a venue for the Kissinger-Le Duc Tho
negotiations
- CIA, Central
Intelligence Agency
- CJCS,
Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
-
- dikes, Red River
Delta, an intricate, centuries-old system of
dikes that controlled irrigation in the low-lying areas of the Red
River Delta of North Vietnam and protected those who lived and
worked there
- DMZ,
demilitarized zone; established roughly at Vietnam’s 17th parallel
to a width not more than five kilometers each side of the
demilitarized zone
- DMZL,
see DMZ
- don doc,
Vietnamese word that translates as “supervision” or “control”
- DRV (also
DRVN), Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam
-
- Eight Points,
peace plan presented by President Nixon in a May 14, 1969, speech to
the nation; peace plan presented by Kissinger on August 16, 1971, at
his meeting with Xuan Thuy; peace plan presented by the PRG
Delegation on September 17, 1970, at the (plenary) Paris Peace
Talks
-
- FANK,
Forces armées nationales khmères (Khmer
National Armed Forces)
- FARK,
Forces armées royales khmères (Royal Khmer
Armed Forces)
- La Fontaine au
Blanc, U.S.-owned villa in the Paris suburb of
St. Nom la Bretèche, used as a venue for the Kissinger-Le Duc Tho
negotiations
- FUNK,
Front uni national du kampuchéa (National
United Front of Kampuchea)
-
- Geneva Agreement (or
Accords) of 1954 on Indochina, agreement of July
1954 reached at a multilateral conference in Geneva that ended the
French role in Indochina. The agreement partitioned Vietnam at the
17th parallel, established a DMZ, and called for elections within 2
years; neither the United States nor South Vietnam signed the
Agreement. The Communists established a government in the North in
Hanoi under Ho Chi Minh, and the non-Communists, supported by the
United States, established a government in the South in Saigon (see
Foreign
Relations, 1952-1954, volume XVI, The Geneva
Conference).
- Geneva Agreement (or
Accords) of 1962 on Laos, agreement of July 1962
reached at a multilateral conference in Geneva, which established
Laotian neutrality. Fourteen states pledged to respect Laotian
neutrality and territorial integrity and refrain from interference
in Laotian internal affairs and from establishing military bases in
Laos. Since the North Vietnamese troops did not withdraw as
promised, the agreement effectively ceded eastern Laos to the
Communists (see Foreign Relations, 1961-1963, volume XXIV, Laos
Crisis).
- GI, government
issue, shorthand for a U.S. soldier
- Gif-sur-Yvette (also
Gif), a Paris suburb, the location of the
property at 108 Avénue du Général Leclerc used as a venue for the
Kissinger-Le Duc Tho negotiations
- GMT,
Greenwich Mean Time
- GNU,
Government of National Union (Laos)
- golf
course, shorthand for the venue at St. Nom la
Bretèche, the site of a famous golf course
- GRUNK,
Gouvernement royal d’union nationale du
kampuchéa (Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea,
Royal Khmer National Union Government)
- GVN,
Government of (South) Vietnam
-
- HAK, Henry A.
Kissinger
- Hakto (also
HAKTO), series indicator for messages sent from
Henry A. Kissinger while away from Washington
-
- ICC,
International Control Commission, established under the 1954 Geneva
Agreement on Indochina and incorporated into the 1962 Geneva
Agreement on Laos
- ICCS,
International Commission of Control and Supervision; organization
created by the 1973 Paris Peace Accords to supervise the
cease-fire
-
- JCS, Joint
Chiefs of Staff
- JEC, Joint
Economic Commission
- JMC, Joint
Military Commission
-
- Kléber,
see Avénue Kléber
- Kontum, a
province in South Vietnam’s Central Highlands opposite Laos
-
- Lam Son (also Lamson)
719, a February-March 1971 operation in Laos by
South Vietnamese forces to interdict the Ho Chi Minh Trail
- LPF, Laotian
Patriotic Front, political arm of the Pathet Lao
-
- MACV,
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam
- Majestic
Hotel,
see Avénue Kléber
- memcon,
memorandum of conversation
- MIA, missing
in action
- Moscow
Summit, U.S.-Soviet meeting at Moscow between
President Nixon and General Secretary Brezhnev May 22-29, 1972 (see
Foreign
Relations, 1969-1976, volume XIV, Soviet Union, October
1971-May 1972)
- MR, military
region
-
- NCNRC,National Council of National Reconciliation and
Concord
- nem, nem ran,
see cha gio
- Neuilly-sur-Seine (also
Neuilly), a Paris suburb, the location of the
property at 31 Boulevard de la Saussaye used as a venue for the
Kissinger-Le Duc Tho negotiations
- NFC, National
Front of Cambodia
- Nhan Dan,
Quan Doi Nhan Dan, DRV military
newspaper
- Nine
Points, peace plan presented by Xuan Thuy on June
26, 1971, at the Kissinger-Le Duc Tho negotiations
- Nixon Doctrine (also known
as the Guam Doctrine), U.S. policy enunciated by
President Nixon in 1969 whereby the United States would expect its
allies to assume the main role in their defense, although providing
assistance and support as requested and protection from a nuclear
power
- NLF, National
Liberation Front, Communist front organization in South Vietnam
acting as political government of the insurgency; later renamed
Provisional Revolutionary Government of Vietnam
- NLHX (NLHZ),
Neo Lao Hak Xat (Zat), the political arm of the Pathet Lao
- NSC, National
Security Council
- NVA, North
Vietnamese Army, term used by the United States for the People’s
Army of (North) Vietnam
- NVN, North
Vietnam
-
- P, President
Nixon
- pacification, the military, political,
economic, and social process of establishing or re-establishing
local government responsive to and involving the participation of
the people; it includes the provision of sustained, credible
territorial security, the destruction of the enemy’s underground
government (infrastructure), the assertion or re-assertion of
political control and involvement of the people in government, and
the initiation of economic and social activity capable of
self-sustainment and expansion
- Paris Peace
Talks, a loosely defined term that, depending on
context, could mean the secret meetings between Henry Kissinger for
the United States and Le Duc Tho for the Democratic Republic of
(North) Vietnam or the 174 meetings of the public talks held from
1968 to 1973 between the United States and the Republic of (South)
Vietnam on one side and the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam
and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of Vietnam on the
other; the latter were also known as Plenary or Avénue Kléber
talks
- PAVN,
People’s Army of (North) Vietnam
- PDJ, Plaine
des Jarres (Plain of Jars), strategically
important area of Laos
- Pentagon
Papers,multi-volume classified history, entitled
United States-Vietnam Relations,
1945-1967, that Secretary of Defense McNamara commissioned;
later leaked to The New York Times in June
1971
- Phoenix,
the Phoenix Program, known as Phuong Hoang in Vietnamese, was a
joint U.S. and Vietnamese intelligence program, which aimed at
identifying, locating, and destroying the Viet Cong infrastructure
in the villages and capturing its membership, particularly the
leaders
- PL, Pathet
Lao
- PLAF,
People’s Liberation Armed Forces, Communist forces in South Vietnam,
synonymous with Viet Cong
- PMDL,
Provisional Military Demarcation Line, see
DMZ
- Politburo, Political Bureau; the executive body of
the Central Committee of the Communist Party in many
Marxist-Leninist regimes including the Democratic Republic of
(North) Vietnam
- POW,
prisoner(s) of war
- PR, public
relations
- PRC, People’s
Republic of China
- PRG,
Provisional Revolutionary Government of Vietnam, political wing of
the South Vietnamese Communist movement, replaced the National
Liberation Front (NLF), but the terms are often used
interchangeably
-
- Quang
Tri, northernmost province of the Republic of
(South) Vietnam, located immediately south of the DMZ, and between
Laos to the west and the South China Sea to the east
-
- RLG, Royal
Lao Government
- Rue
Darthé, 11 Rue Darthé, the address of one of the
residences of the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam in the
Paris suburb of Choisy-le-Roi used as a venue for the Kissinger-Le
Duc Tho negotiations
- RVN, Republic
of (South) Vietnam
- RVNAF,
Republic of (South) Vietnam Armed Forces
-
- SALT,
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
- SEATO,
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
- Seven
Points, peace plan presented by Kissinger on May
31, 1971, at his meeting with Le Duc Tho; peace plan presented by
the NLF Delegation in July 1971 at the (plenary) Paris Peace
Talks
- sortie, a
single mission flown by a military aircraft; the total number of
uses of an individual aircraft
- St.
Cloud,
see La Celle St. Cloud
- strategic
hamlets, a South Vietnamese Government program
to counter Viet Cong control in the countryside. The government
relocated farmers into fortified hamlets to provide defense,
economic aid, and political assistance to residents. The hope was
that protection from Viet Cong raids and taxation would bind the
rural populace to the government and gain their loyalty. The program
started in 1962, but was fatally undermined by over expansion and
poor execution. By 1964 it had clearly failed.
- SV (also SVN),
South Vietnam
-
- Ten
Points, peace plan presented by NLF delegate Madame
Binh on May 8, 1969, at the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks; peace plan
presented by Le Duc Tho on August 1, 1972, at his meeting with
Kissinger; peace plan presented by Kissinger on August 14, 1972, at
his meeting with Le Duc Tho
- Tet,
Vietnamese New Year
- Thua
Thien, a province in South Vietnam’s Central
Highlands opposite Laos and the South China Sea
- Tohak
(also TOHAK), series indicator for messages
sent to Henry A. Kissinger while away from Washington
- Twelve
Points, peace plan presented by Kissinger on
August 1, 1972, at his meeting with Le Duc Tho
- Two-Point
Elaboration, elaboration of the Ten Point peace
plan presented by the DRV Delegation on February 2, 1972, at the
(plenary) Paris Peace Talks
-
- UPI, United
Press International
- USA, United
States Army
- USAF, United
States Air Force
- USN, United
States Navy
-
- Viet
Cong,see PLAF
- Vietnamization, U.S. policy during the Nixon
administration of transferring the management and fighting of the
war to the Republic of (South) Vietnam
- VNAF,
(South) Vietnamese Air Force