Index

• Acheson, Dean G., 158
• African countries, 6
• Agency for International Development (AID), 88, 421, 422, 479–480, 714–715
• Aiken, George D., 37n, 75
• Air strikes against DRV. See Bombing headings.
• Akalovsky, Alexander, 117
• Albert, Carl, 142, 259
• Algeria, 5
• Allen, George W., 628n
• Alsop, Joseph W., 10, 37, 708
• Ambassadorship in Saigon, 800–801, 850, 883–885
• Anderson, Clinton P., 193
• Arends, Leslie C., 126, 143, 255
• Anderson, Robert, 126
• Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), 475
  • Chaplainsʼ Corps, 400
  • Corruption problem, 410, 582, 584, 589–590
  • Day of national recognition for, 446
  • Factionalism among commanders, 941
  • “Improper organization” issue, 930–931
  • Improvement program, 610
  • NLF infiltration of, 386
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 475, 476, 536, 555, 571–573, 605–606, 610, 732, 785, 925, 951, 978–980
  • Reorganization of, 807
• Asian Development Task Force, 262, 265
• Asian Peace Offensive proposal, 461–463
• Australia, 5, 170–171, 190, 256, 788, 845
• Ayub Khan, Muhammad, 160–163, 259
• Baldwin, Hanson, 261
• Ball, George W. (see also Ball group), 8, 11, 21, 22n, 74, 95n, 141n, 150n, 238, 245, 255, 274, 280, 355, 372, 493n, 495n, 599n, 677n
  • Asian Peace Offensive proposal, 461
  • Bombing of DRV:
    • Chinese intervention scenario, 129–138
    • Escalation issue, 129–132
    • Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets, 412, 452
    • U.S. image abroad and, 110
  • Bombing pause, 97n, 99n
  • Bombing resumption, 100, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 155, 168, 182
  • Chinese intervention in Vietnam, possible, 110, 129–138
  • Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
    • Administration testimony to Congress re, 40
    • DRV initiative through Laotians, 89–91
    • U.S.-DRV contacts in Burma, 228–230
    • U.S.-DRV contacts in Moscow, 70–73, 91
    • XYZ initiative, 44–47
  • Honolulu Conference, 214
  • Manila Conference, 653, 655n
  • Marigold peace initiative, 467, 470–471, 481, 484–485
  • National reconciliation program, 660–661
  • NLF representation at negotiations, 73
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 63, 202, 660
  • Thrush operation, 657
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam and Congress, 43–44, 56–57
• Ball group, 355–357, 360–365
• Bates, William H., 126, 144
• Baumgardner, Ev, 888
• Be, Maj., 477
• Beech, Keyes, 535–536
• Bell, David E., 18, 44, 58n, 59, 254, 276, 390n, 846
  • Honolulu Conference, 215, 219
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 43, 389
    • Alliesʼ contributions, 88
    • Bellʼs report for Johnson, 83–88
    • Economic initiatives, 85–87
    • Management reorganization, 40—41, 63, 84–85
    • Port facilities, 42
    • Resource allocation, 41, 86–87
    • Technical visits, 14, 87
  • Refugee situation, 42, 87
  • Republic of Vietnam, 41–42, 87, 283
  • Senate hearings on Vietnam, 205
• Black, Eugene, 257, 726
• Blouin, Rear Adm. F. J., 216n
• Boggs, Hale, 144, 259
• Bohlen, Charles E., 44, 497n, 508–510, 540–542, 950n
• Bolton, Frances P., 8, 145
• Bombing of DRV:
  • Achievements of, 50, 177, 633–634
  • B–52 strikes, 311
  • Casualties, 430–431
  • Chinese intervention scenario, 82, 129–138
  • Civilian facilities, strikes against, 898, 951–952
  • Controlled armed reconnaissance program, 299–301
  • Defensive response by DRV, 300–301
  • DRV position re, 118–119
  • Effects of bombing, intelligence reports on, 428–432, 517–518, 614–616, 736–738, 801–804
  • Effects of bombing, JCS report on, 789–792
  • Escalation issue (see also Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets below; Rolling Thunder (RT) 52 program below), 129–132, 304–305, 412–413, 599n, 650–651
  • Ginsburghʼs position, 794–796
  • Ho Chi Minh Trail, focus on, 359
  • Interdiction capability, 114–115, 166, 167, 211–212
  • International reaction, 82, 441–442, 443, 804, 861–862
  • JCS recommendations, 80–83
  • Mansfieldʼs position, 417
  • Marigold peace initiative and, 900, 912–913, 917–919, 936–938, 953–955, 959–960
  • Militaryʼs unanimous support for, 734n
  • Mining of Haiphong harbor, 131
  • Morale situation in DRV and, 648
  • Overall U.S. strategy, relation to, 47–52
  • Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets, 378–379, 385, 411–412, 417–418
    • Administration discussions, 437–444, 449–452
    • Authorization for attacks, 452n, 458–460
    • Effects of bombing, 614–616
    • International reaction, 441–442, 443
    • Rostowʼs position, 331
    • Thieuʼs assessment of, 453, 455
    • U.K. position, 411–412, 426–428
  • Political dimension, 78
  • Reconstruction efforts by DRV, 431–432
  • Restriction on bombing around Hanoi, 733–734, 968–97, 971–973
  • Rolling Thunder (RT) 52 program, 599–600, 617–618, 742, 756n
    • Authorization of, 818n
    • W. Bundyʼs position, 813–815
    • JCS target recommendations, 809–812
    • Johnsonʼs preferences, 816–817
    • McNamara-Rusk position, 817–819
    • Rostowʼs position, 812–813
    • Sharpʼs position, 782
    • Strikes against DRV, 897–898
    • Withheld targets, 818n, 916
  • Sharpʼs position, 780–782
  • Sortie rate, 152
  • Stabilization of, 729–731, 740, 744, 758
  • Target selection, 125, 127–128, 152, 177, 300–301, 310–312, 359, 779
  • Termination option, 649, 733, 758–762
  • Thaiʼs assessment of, 583
  • U.S. domestic situation and, 378
  • U.S. image abroad and, 110
  • Westmorelandʼs position, 290–291, 777–779, 784–785
• Bombing pause (see also Peace offensive), 7
  • Campaign issue in U.S., 76
  • Extended pause option, 95–97, 99n
  • Harrimanʼs position, 34–35
  • Lodgeʼs assessment of, 195–197
  • McNamaraʼs assessment of, 74–76, 80
  • Results in Vietnam, 15–16
  • Resumption of, possible, 579, 634
  • U.S.-RVN discussions re, 24–26
  • U.S. strategy, 22–24
  • Vietnamese peopleʼs unawareness of, 226–227
• Bombing resumption, 21
  • Administration discussions, 8–11, 39, 98–100, 105–112, 126–128, 153–155, 164–170, 182–186
  • Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 141–145
  • Ayubʼs position, 160–163
  • Country positions, 106–107
  • Diplomatic and political factors affecting, 170–173
  • Enclave strategy and, 201
  • French position, 106, 213
  • Goldbergʼs position, 22–24
  • Implementation procedures, 103–104, 124–125
  • JCS position, 35–36, 39
  • Lodgeʼs position, 16–17
  • McNamaraʼs position, 108
  • Militaryʼs unanimous support, 108
  • Opposition to, 77–78, 164n
  • Resumption on January 31, 192
  • Sharpʼs position, 52
  • Summary paper on resumption complexities, 139–140
  • U.K. position, 154n
  • Wise Menʼs opinions, 158–159, 174, 181
• Bouteflika, Abdelaziz, 950n
• Bow, Frank T., 126, 144
• Bowles, Chester, 576–577, 846
• Bradley, Gen. Omar n., 261, 264
• Breakfield, Gen., 537
• Brezhnev, Leonid, 94
• Brown, George, 758n, 759, 812, 816, 821–824, 862, 865–866, 898, 974
• Brown, Winthrop G., 785
• Bruce, David K. E., 426n, 758n, 865
• Buddhist self-immolations, 511
• Buddhist Struggle Movement, 941
  • Administration discussion re, 323–325
  • Anti-American propaganda by Buddhists, 303–304, 312–313
  • Buddhist demands, 283–285, 292–293
  • Chaos in Vietnam, potential for, 362
  • Civilian government issue, 293–294
  • Communist influence, 295–296, 336n
  • Decline of Buddhist strength, 350–352
  • Demonstrations against government, 285–286, 292
  • Government assault on Buddhists, 293, 306–308, 318–319, 321, 334n, 386–388, 391–393, 396–397
  • Intelligence reports on, 292–295, 377–378, 380
  • Kyʼs inflammatory statements, 373
  • Negotiations between government and Buddhists, 325–327, 393–394
  • Onset following Thiʼs removal from command, 277–280, 282
  • Political impact, 296–297, 377–378
  • Post-crisis agenda of government, 352–354
  • Public attitude toward, 297
  • Reestablishment of government authority, 399, 409, 444–446
  • Taylorʼs analysis of U.S. options, 340–344
  • Thieuʼs assessment of, 453, 454
  • U.S. domestic situation and, 394–396, 397
  • U.S. forces, instructions for, 323n
  • U.S. intervention, proposed, 338–339
  • U.S. policy re, 286–287, 314–316, 317, 334–336
  • U.S. withdrawal and, 327–328
  • Valentiʼs analysis of U.S. options, 320–322
• Buffum, William, 552n
• Bui Diem, 86, 391–394, 532n, 545, 557n, 766, 770
  • Ruskʼs meeting with, 701–707
• Bundy, McGeorge, 9, 14n, 15n, 2In, 24n, 26, 34n, 38, 40, 55n, 57n, 58n, 74, 83n, 89n, 100n, 125, 141n, 150n, 171n, 189n, 192n, 193n, 192n, 211n, 216, 238, 239n, 245, 263, 274
  • Ambassadorship in Saigon, 883
  • Bombing resumption:
    • Administration discussions, 8–11, 39, 99, 108, 110, 111, 112, 126–128, 154, 155, 164–169, 183, 184, 185
    • Ayubʼs position, 160
    • French position, 213
    • Implementation procedures, 103–104, 124–125
    • Wise Menʼs opinions, 158–159, 174
  • Lodge, assessment of, 231–233
  • Military program in Vietnam, 150
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 43
    • “Civil czar” position, 234–235, 263
    • Management reorganization, 63–64
    • Organizational structure, 231–235
  • Peace offensive, 4–7
  • Prisoners of war, 156
  • Senate hearings on Vietnam, 261–262
  • U.S. withdrawal issue, 213
• Bundy, William P., 144, 244, 40, 444, 704, 103, 111, 170, 171, 214, 228, 287n, 288n, 334n, 338n, 355, 386n, 387n, 390n, 493n, 495n, 496n, 497n, 502n, 514n, 522n, 548n, 552n, 566, 621n, 650n, 753n, 758, 763n, 776, 843n, 885n, 897
  • ARVN corruption problem, 584
  • Ball group report, 361n
  • Bombing of DRV:
    • Overall U.S. strategy, relation to, 52n
    • Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets, 443, 452
    • Rolling Thunder (RT) 52 program, 599–600, 618, 813–815
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement, 323, 325–327, 392–393
  • Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
    • Japanese initiative, 586–587
    • Phase A-Phase B peace formula, 658
    • Ronning peace initiative, 448–449
  • Honolulu Conference, 246–255
  • Manila Conference, 652–657
  • Marigold peace initiative, 821
  • Military program in Vietnam, allies contributions to, 845–847
  • Negotiation issue:
    • “Blue chips” for negotiation, 371–372
    • GVN-VC/NLF talks option, 585–586
    • “Package deal” strategy, 964–965
    • Three-track approach, 577n, 586
  • RVN constitution, 825
  • Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam, 821, 822, 823–824
  • U.S. policy planning for 1967, 962–966
• Bunker, Ellsworth, 828, 883–884
• Burchett, Wilfred, 679n
• Burma, 846
• Burns, James McGregor, 193
• Byrnes, James F, 950
• Byroade, Henry A., 100–102, 171, 230n, 846
• Califano, Joseph A., Jr., 302n
• Cam Ranh Base, 551
• Cambodia, 490, 663
• Canada, 5, 106, 170, 171
• Cao Van Vien, Gen., 303n, 319, 386n, 501, 586, 701, 788
• Carver, George A., Jr., 203, 340n, 355, 562n, 677n
  • McNamaraʼs report on Vietnam visit, CIA response to, 742–746
  • Pacification program/civil operations:
    • CIA assessment of Komerʼs views, 486–488
    • Management reorganization, 668–672, 712–716
  • Thrush operation, 797
• Case, Clifford, 122, 124
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (see also Helms, Richard M.; National Intelligence Estimates; Raborn, William F, Jr.), 123
  • Bombing of DRV, 428–432, 517–518, 614–616, 736, 744, 801n
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement, 377–378, 380
  • Defection encouragement program, 637–638
  • DRV intentions and attitudes toward the war, 530–531
  • Infiltration interdiction system, 744
  • McNamaraʼs report on Vietnam visit, CIA response to, 742–746
  • National Liberation Front, penetration
  • of, 637–638
  • Negotiation issue, 745
  • Pacification program/civil operations:
    • CIA assessment of Komerʼs views, 486–488, 505–507
    • CIA involvement, 638n
    • Management reorganization, 668–672, 744–745
    • Political warfare, 202–203
  • Peace offensive, 92–94
  • Religious project in Vietnam, 380n
  • RVN elections, 369–370
  • Southeast Asia, Communist threat to, 382n
  • Thrush operation, 797
  • Troop deployments by U.S., 744
  • Vietnamese Communistsʼ will to persist, report on, 601–603
• Chadbourn, Philip, 233
• Chau, Col., 477, 507
• Chauvel, Jean Michel Henri, 158
• Chen Yi, 135
• Chieu. See Pham Xuan Chieu, Gen.
• Chieu Hoi program, 15, 31, 55, 62, 197, 224–225, 251, 308, 402, 416, 424, 448, 478, 537, 580, 611, 762, 926
• Chin, 950
• China, Peopleʼs Republic of, 364–365
  • Benefits of war in Vietnam, 510, 879
  • Democratic Republic of Vietnam:
    • Policy of support for, 54, 133, 432, 556, 875
    • Presence in, 290
  • Intervention possibility, 110, 116, 122–123, 723
    • Bombing of DRV and, 82, 129–138
    • Enclave strategy and, 200
  • Marigold peace initiative and, 528–529
  • Negotiations, role in, 148–150
  • Peace offensive and, 4, 93
  • Southeast Asia, threat to, 153
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 33
• China, Republic of. See Taiwan.
• Chon, Col., 41
• Christian, George, 452
• Chuan. See Nguyen Van Chuan, Gen.
• Church, Frank, 75, 221
• Civil program. See Pacification program/civil operations.
• Clark, Joseph S., 122
• Clifford, Clark M., 185, 241, 884
  • Bombing resumption, 159, 177, 180–181
  • Tonkin Gulf Resolution, administration policy re, 241–242, 246
• Co. See Nguyen Huu Co, Gen.
• Cohen,Richard, 756
• Colby, William E., 59n, 369n, 507, 587, 637–638, 677n
• Cold war, 17
• Collins, Brig. Gen. James, 59n
• Commercial Import Program, 398, 479–480
• Communist insurgency, 15, 55
  • Army divisions from DRV, 53–54, 196
  • Attrition strategy, 727
  • Force build-up, 113–114
  • Military strategy, 48–49, 151–152
  • Morale situation, 76–77
  • Supplying of, 114
  • Terror campaign, 298, 447–448, 511, 537, 573–574, 805–806, 807
  • Thieuʼs assessment of, 453–454
• Congress, U.S. (see also Senate, U.S.):
  • Administration strategy for dealing with, 238–239, 241–244
  • Bombing resumption, 141–145, 164n
  • Congressional candidatesʼ visits to Vietnam, 538
  • Consultative role re Vietnam, 123–124
  • Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation, administration testimony re, 39–40
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam, 43–44, 464–467
    • Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 37–38, 121–124, 245, 255–259
    • Administration testimony, 56–57
    • Congressional resolution on, 549
    • Funding of, 25
• Connally, John, 884
• Cooper, Chester L., 59, 83, 275–276, 584, 587n, 637–638, 640n, 726n, 776, 821, 822–823, 824, 825, 843n, 964n
• Cooper, J. S., 154
• Cooper, Richard, 59, 83
• Corcoran, Thomas, 326
• Couve de Murville, Maurice, 20, 702, 704, 821
• Dang Van Quang, Gen., 584, 589–590, 765–766, 944
• Dang Van Sung, 512, 533, 626
• Davidson, Daniel, 543, 586, 762n, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826
• De Besche, Hubert, 829, 856
• De Gaulle, Charles, 5, 7–8, 20, 213, 508, 586, 702, 821, 928n, 950
  • Phnom Penh speech, 627
• De Pugh, Ben, 41
• De Silva, Peer, 59n, 487
• Dean, Arthur, 158, 175, 176, 180, 265n
• Dean, Sir Patrick, 758–762
• Defection encouragement program (see also Chieu Hoi program; Elmtree operation; Thrush operation):
  • CIA activities, 637–638
  • General amnesty proposal, 587–588, 638
  • Jordenʼs proposal, 502–504
  • National reconciliation program, 640–641, 660–661, 698, 762–763, 825–826, 862–864, 895, 926,
  • 929–930, 951
  • Thaiʼs assessment of, 580–581
• Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 428, 614n, 789n
• Defoliation operations, 699–700
• Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; North Vietnam) (see also Bombing of DRV; Communist insurgency; Marigold peace initiative):
  • Asian Peace Offensive proposal, 461–463
  • China, relationship with, 54, 133, 432, 556, 875
  • Chinese presence in, 290
  • Civil defense and evacuation, 632–633
  • Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
    • DRV initiative through Laotians, 89–91, 111, 172–173
    • Ronning peace initiative, 288–290
    • Swedish initiative, 829–835, 856–859
    • U.S.-DRV contacts in Burma, 100–102, 171, 228–230
    • U.S.-DRV contacts in Moscow, 70–73, 91, 111, 117–121, 172
    • XYZ initiative, 12–14, 44–47
  • Economic cooperation issue, 726–727
  • Economic situation, 289, 631–633
  • Food supply problems, 581–582
  • Four Points, 4n, 13, 72
  • Future strategy, 904
  • Intentions and attitudes toward the war, 530–531, 721–723
  • Long-term plans for Vietnam, 508–509
  • Military potential for fighting in South Vietnam, 488–490
  • Morale situation, 631, 647–648
  • Negotiation issue:
    • DRV attitude toward negotiations, 146–150, 223
    • DRV intransigence, Johnsonʼs frustration re, 986–987
    • Soviet influence with DRV, 330, 691–692
  • NLF, relationship with, 209–210
  • Peace offensive, reaction to, 4–5, 92–93, 192
  • Political and psychological campaign in the Free World, 876
  • Political situation, 76, 271–272, 631
  • Prisoners of war, treatment of, 509
  • Salisburyʼs reporting from, 973–974
  • Soviet assistance, 133, 432
  • Soviet bloc, relations with, 875
  • Soviet military presence, 33
  • U.S.-RVN infiltration of, 513
  • Will to persist, U.S. report on, 601–603
• Denney, George C., Jr., 146–150, 721–723
• Diem. See Bui Diem.
• Dillon, C. Douglas, 884
• Dinh, Gen., 377, 389, 392, 396, 410, 445
• Dinh Trinh Chinh, 766
• Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation (see also Marigold peace initiative; Peace offensive; Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam):
  • Administration testimony to Congress re, 39–40
  • Asian initiative, Thanatʼs proposal for, 538–539, 587
  • DRV initiative through Laotians, 89–91, 111, 172–173
  • Harrimanʼs talks in Algeria and Paris, 950
  • ICRC initiative, 552–554, 566–568
  • Japanese initiative, 586–587
  • NLF representative in Algiers, U.S. contacts with, 584–585
  • Phase A-Phase B peace formula, 658
  • Ronning peace initiative, 287–290, 438, 448–449, 468
  • Rumanian initiative, 767–769
  • Saintenyʼs visit to Hanoi, 508–510
  • Swedish initiative, 829–835, 856–859
  • Thantʼs initiative, 482–483
  • U.S.-DRV contacts in Burma, 100–102,
  • 171, 228–230
  • U.S.-DRV contacts in Moscow, 70–73, 91, 111, 117–121, 172
  • U.S.-RVN consensus on, 247
  • XYZ initiative, 12–14, 44–47
• Dirksen, Everett M., 8, 37, 127, 142, 258
• Do. See Tran Van Do.
• Dobrynin, Anatoliy F, 111, 158, 180, 662, 716, 761, 906n, 981–982
• DʼOrlandi, Giovanni, 756, 821
  • Marigold peace initiative:
    • Chinese interference, 528–529
    • Clarification of issues of concern to U.S., 754–756
    • Proposal for negotiations by DRV, 468–470, 481–482
    • Reliability of, 472, 483
    • Tripartite talks in Saigon, 525–528, 619–620, 622n, 642–644, 839–841, 845n, 890–894, 900–901, 903n, 912n
    • Warsaw-Hanoi relationship, 529
  • RVN elections, 413–415
• Douglas, Paul, 169, 587
• Du Val, Clive, 538
• Dulles, Allen W., 176, 179, 180, 181
• Duong Van Minh, Gen., 316
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 17, 122, 126, 261, 264, 571
• Elmtree operation:
  • Five-phase program, 518–522
  • Khanhʼs initial proposal, 497–502
  • Paris meetings, 540–542
• Emrick, Lt. Gen. Paul S., 564n Enclave strategy, 123, 140, 143, 144, 198–201
• Engel, D. A., 349n
• Fall, Bernard B., 634n
• Fanfani, Amintore, 468, 471n, 527, 529, 620
• Faroche, Amb., 470
• Fedorenko, Nikolai, 662
• Fenoaltea, Sergio, 470–471, 767–769
• Fisk, Shirley, 756
• FitzGerald, Desmond, 369n
• Ford, Gerald R., 75, 126, 141, 258
• Fortas, Abe, 32–33, 183, 323
• Foster, John, 635n, 636, 686
• Foster, William C., 662
• Fowler, Henry H., 442–443, 452
• France, 702, 704
  • Bombing resumption, 106, 213
  • Peace offensive and, 5, 20
  • U.N. Security Council discussions of Vietnam issue, 190
  • U.S. withdrawal issue, 213
• Franco, Francisco, 950
• Freeman, Orville H., 14, 128, 193, 214, 215, 216, 219, 225, 245, 252, 421, 424, 480, 884
• Frei, Eduardo, 10
• Friedman, Alvin, 59n
• Front of All Religions, 523
• Fulbright, J. William, 8, 56, 122, 126, 127, 128, 140, 143, 144, 154, 221, 238n, 246, 261, 269, 384, 549, 601n, 716n
  • Brothel statement, 402
  • Harrimanʼs meeting with, 598–599
• Gallopin (ICRC), 566
• Gandhi, Indira, 492n, 539, 645
• Gardner, John W., 193, 214, 215, 245, 251, 252, 282, 424, 884
• Gates, Thomas, 884
• Gaud, William S., 245, 255, 260, 264, 609n, 660, 672n, 714, 836n, 885n
• Gavin, Lt. Gen. James M., 123, 140, 198–201, 205, 220, 236–237, 261, 265
• Germany, Federal Republic of, 79–80, 691–692
• Giap. See Vo Nguyen Giap.
• Gilpatric, Roswell, 883
• Ginsburgh, Col. Robert, 682–684, 736n, 792–796
• Gleysteen, Culver, 12n
• Goldberg, Arthur J., 10, 11, 21n, 52n, 74, 95, 239n, 255, 584, 586, 662, 719, 951
  • Ambassadorship in Saigon, 884
  • Bombing of POL targets in DRV, 441–442, 444, 451–452
  • Bombing pause, 22–24
  • Bombing resumption, 22–24
    • Administration discussions, 106–107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 168, 186
    • Country positions, 106–107
    • Wise Menʼs opinions, 176, 178, 181
  • DRV intransigence, Johnsonʼs frustration re, 986–987
  • ICRC diplomatic initiative, 552, 566
  • Marigold peace initiative, 471n
  • Peace offensive, 6, 20, 187
  • Phase A-Phase B peace formula, 658
  • U.N. Security Council discussions of Vietnam issue, 186, 189–190, 192n, 194
• Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 891, 893
• Gonard, Samuel, 553, 566–568
• Goodpaster, Lt. Gen. Andrew J., 216n, 264, 280, 282, 305n, 484n, 789n
• Gore, Albert, 222
• Gottlieb, Sanford, 156
• Goure, Leon, 76–77, 502n, 550n, 551
• Greece, 847, 950
• Greene, Gen. Wallace M., Jr., 188, 263, 451
• Greenhill, Denis A., 866
• Gromyko, Andrei A., 21, 95, 645, 759, 760
  • Brownʼs meetings with, 865, 866
  • Johnson-Gromyko meeting in Washington, 716–721
  • Rusk-Gromyko meeting in New York, 662–668
• Gronouski, John A., 91, 898
  • Marigold peace initiative:
    • Instructions for, 898, 905, 909, 914, 917, 952n, 968
    • Talks with Rapacki talks in Warsaw, 899n, 902–904, 905n, 912–913, 917–921, 933–938, 952–957, 958–961, 966–967, 971–973, 983–986
• Gullion, Edmund, 12n
• Ha Van Lao, 448n
• Habib, Philip C., 59n, 65, 233, 387n, 545, 547, 862, 888, 976
• Haiphong harbor, mining, 131
• Hammarskjold, Dag, 196
• Harkins, Gen. Paul D., 232
• Harriman, W. Averell, 5, 8, 9, 10, 38, 44, 67, 68–69, 88, 90, 98, 141n, 216, 243, 258, 484n, 522n, 552n, 557n, 558n, 577n, 621n, 678–679, 726–727, 776, 789, 843n
  • Ambassadorship in Saigon, 884
  • Army of the Republic of Vietnam, NLF infiltration of, 386
  • Bombing of DRV, 385, 861–862
  • Bombing pause, 34–35
  • Bombing resumption, 107, 168
  • Chieu Hoi program, 580
  • Defection encouragement program, 587–588, 637, 825
  • Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
    • Asian initiative, Thanatʼs proposal for, 587
    • Harrimanʼs talks in Algeria and Paris, 950
    • ICRC initiative, 566
    • NLF representative in Algiers, U.S. contacts with, 584–585
  • Fulbrightʼs meeting with, 598–599
  • Honolulu Conference, 215
  • Kissingerʼs meeting with, 543–548
  • Manila Conference, 820–821, 860
  • Marigold peace initiative, 821, 822
  • Negotiation issue, 548–549, 691–692
  • Peace offensive, 34–35
  • Post-Manila trip, report on, 860–862
  • Prisoners of war, 585
  • Republic of Vietnam:
    • Coalition government issue, 385
    • Constitution for, 824–825
  • Soviet-U.5. discussions on Vietnam:
    • Brownʼs intermediary effort, 821, 822, 823
    • Harrimanʼs trip to Moscow, 404–405
  • Thaiʼs meeting with, 580–583, 584
• Hart, Wilson, 887
• Hatfield, Mark, 185
• Hayden, Carl, 145
• Hbay Mon, 563
• Heintges, John A., 757
• Helble, John J., 325n, 403n
• Helms, Richard M., 37, 46, 108, 238, 245, 255, 260n, 338n, 377n, 387n, 443, 515, 530n, 548, 562n, 601n, 672n, 836n, 904
  • Bombing of DRV, 452
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement, 282
  • Ky-Thieu government cabinet crisis, 765
  • McNamaraʼs report on Vietnam visit, CIA response to, 742
  • National Liberation Front, 205–210
  • Pacification program/civil operations:
    • CIA assessment of Komerʼs views, 486, 505–507
    • Management reorganization, 660, 668, 671n, 712
  • Republic of Vietnam, 628–630
  • Thrush operation, 797
• Hertz, Gustav, 156, 309
• Hichens-Bergstrom, R., 830–831, 834, 856
• Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 8, 57, 122, 127, 144, 264
• Ho Chi Minh, 50, 76, 122, 187, 229, 290, 454, 503n, 508, 509, 581, 619n, 805, 926
• Ho Giac, 286
• Hoang Quynh, 523, 625
• Hoang Xuan Lam, Gen., 512, 545
• Holbrooke, Richard, 885–890
• Holt, Harold, 654, 656, 775, 788
• Holyoake, Keith, 5, 654, 775, 788
• Honey, P. J., 76
• Honolulu Conference:
  • Ally governments informed about, 214
  • Johnsonʼs assessment of, 218–219
  • Johnsonʼs decision to attend, 203–204
  • Johnsonʼs meeting with Ky and Thieu, 227–228 Johnsonʼs public statement on, 214n
  • Record of conclusions and decisions
  • for further actions, 246–255
  • Summary of proceedings, 215
  • Valentiʼs suggestion for, 193–194
  • Vietnamese publicʼs perception of, 223–224
• Hornig, Donald F, 193
• Hughes, Thomas L., 192, 292–295, 548n,
• 599n, 630–633, 644–646, 658, 820
• Humphrey, Hubert H., 5, 6n, 7n, 9, 21n, 111, 128, 144, 189, 696, 752, 916
  • Asian Development Task Force, 265
  • Asian trip, 215–216, 224, 255n, 256–257
  • Bombing of POL targets in DRV, 441, 442, 451
  • Bombing resumption, 177, 178, 179, 181
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement, 323, 324, 334n
  • Peace offensive, 19–20
  • Tonkin Gulf Resolution repeal effort, 265
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam, administration discussions with Congressional leaders re, 245, 256–259
• Hungary, 5
• Huynh Tan Phat, 202, 207, 501
• Huynh Van Tam, 156–157, 208
• India, 107, 256, 259, 846, 861
• Indonesia, 365, 382, 828
• Infiltration interdiction system, 729, 744, 878
  • Description of, 636–637
  • Installation of, 842
  • JCS position, 639–640, 740
  • McNamaraʼs order for, 635–636
  • McNamaraʼs rationale for, 932
  • RVN interest in, 695
  • Scientistsʼ recommendation, 455–457
  • Sharpʼs position, 639–640
  • Westmorelandʼs position, 785
• Information policy on Vietnam, 260, 270, 359–360, 383–384, 491–492
• Institute for Defense Analysisʼ “Summer Study Group,” 736–738
• International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 156–157, 552–554, 566–568
• International Monetary Fund (IMF), 283
• Iran, 846
• Isham, Heywood, 829, 843n
• Italy, 20, 106
• Jacobson, George, 888
• Janczewski, Zbigniew, 912, 917, 933, 936, 971
• Japan, 5, 19, 20, 34, 35, 171, 364, 53, 586–587, 845
• Javits, Jacob K., 395
• Jenkins, Walter E., Jr., 899, 973
• Jha, L. K., 861n
• Johnson, Gen. Harold K., 187–188, 439–440, 441, 443, 451, 585, 850n
• Johnson, Lyndon B., 13, 21n, 22n, 24n, 52n, 100n, 150n, 171n, 239n, 329, 350n, 357, 387n, 453n, 508n, 511n, 530n, 540n, 556n, 601n, 627n, 650n, 657n, 678, 682n, 711n, 726, 738n, 752, 860n, 890n, 931n, 948
  • ARVN corruption problem, 589
  • Asian Development Task Force, 262, 265
  • Asian trip, 753, 763n, 776
  • Bombing of DRV:
    • Achievements of, 177, 633
    • Chinese intervention scenario, 129
    • Effects of bombing in 1965, 428n
    • Escalation issue, 304, 305n
    • Interdiction capability, 166
    • Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets, 378, 412, 417–418, 426–428, 437–438, 440, 442, 443, 449–452, 458–460
    • Restriction on bombing around Hanoi, 968n
    • Rolling Thunder (RT) 52 program, 618, 756n, 812, 816–817, 818n, 916
    • Target selection, 127
    • Termination option, 649
    • Westmorelandʼs position, 290, 777
  • Bombing pause:
    • Campaign issue in U.S., 76
    • Harrimanʼs position, 34
    • McNamaraʼs assessment of, 74–76, 80
    • Resumption of, possible, 579
  • Bombing resumption:
    • Administration discussions, 8–11, 39, 98–100, 105–112, 126–128, 154–155, 164–170, 182–186
    • Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 141, 143, 144, 145
    • Ayubʼs position, 160
    • French position, 213
    • Implementation procedures, 103, 124
    • Opposition to, 77–78
    • Resumption on January 31, 192
    • Summary paper on complexities, 139
    • Wise Menʼs opinions, 158, 174–175, 176–181
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement:
    • Administration discussion re, 323–325
    • Anti-American propaganda by Buddhists, 303–304
    • Communist influence, 336n
    • Government assault on Buddhists, 396–397
    • Onset following Thiʼs removal from command, 279, 282
    • Taylorʼs analysis of U.S. options, 340
    • U.S. policy re, 287, 314, 317
    • Valentiʼs analysis of U.S. options, 320
  • Chieu Hoi program, 251
  • Chinese intervention in Vietnam, 129
  • Congress, administration strategy for dealing with, 238, 241–244
  • Defection encouragement program, 587, 660
  • Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 647, 904
  • Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
    • Administration testimony to Congress re, 39–40
    • Asian initiative, Thanatʼs proposal for, 539n
    • DRV initiative through Laotians, 89
    • ICRC initiative, 552n
    • Phase A-Phase B peace formula, 658
    • Ronning peace initiative, 287
  • Elmtree operation, 497, 499–500
  • Honolulu Conference, 203–204, 215, 218–219
    • Meeting with Ky and Thieu, 227–228 J
    • Public statement on, 214n
  • Infiltration interdiction system, 842, 932
  • Information policy on Vietnam, 383, 491
  • Kosygin, letter to, 906–908
  • Ky, attitude toward, 218–219
  • KY and Thieu, meetings with, 227–228, 770–775
  • Ky-Thieu government, 255, 531, 774:
  • Leonhartʼs Vietnam visits, reports on, 405, 609, 974
  • Lodgeʼs weekly reports. See under Lodge, Henry Cabot.
  • Manila Conference, 783, 787
    • Administration discussions re, 754
    • Initial scenario for, 653, 655n
    • Ky and Thieu, meeting with, 770–775
    • U.S. desired results, 690
  • Marigold peace initiative, 983
    • Instructions for Lodge, 484n
    • Johnsonʼs attitude toward, 973n
    • Proposal for negotiations by DRV, 467, 471, 473, 481
  • McNamara mission to Vietnam, 727
  • Military program in Vietnam:
    • Alliesʼ contributions, 79–80, 828
    • Casualties, 178
    • Costs of, 786
    • Kill counts, 272–273, 281
    • Lodgeʼs assessment of, 57
    • Naval gunfire against DRV, 686n
    • Outlook for military operations in 1966, 112, 150
    • Reserve call-up issue, 273–274
    • “Split up and keep off balance” strategy, 805 Westmorelandʼs assessment of, 773–774
    • Westmorelandʼs concept of military operations, 603, 607
    • Womenʼs involvement, 78–79
  • Negotiation issue:
    • “Blue chips” for negotiation, 366
    • “Cessation of hostilities” issue, 492
    • DRV illusions about, 223
    • DRV intransigence, frustration re, 986–987
    • Mansfieldʼs recommendations, 724
    • “Secret negotiation of a total deal” strategy, 853
    • Soviet influence with DRV, 691
    • U.S. planning for negotiations, 495
  • Negotiations Committee, 548n
  • Non-group on Vietnam, formation of, 677, 678n
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 389
    • Acceleration effort, 554n
    • Bellʼs report for Johnson, 83
    • “Civil czar” position, 260, 263, 274, 302–303
    • Economic initiatives, 398
    • Katzenbachʼs assessment of, 746
    • Komerʼs assessment and recommendations, 419
    • Komerʼs Vietnam visit, report on, 474
    • Management reorganization, 63, 64n, 613, 614n, 659, 710n, 712, 713, 756–75, 798n, 848–849
    • Medical program, 282
    • Military takeover in 1967, 849
    • Obstacles to, 374
    • Organizational structure, 231, 235n
    • Prioritization of programs, 344
    • Technical visits, 14
    • Valentiʼs suggestions, 193, 194
  • Peace offensive, 4, 7–8, 21–22, 34, 187
  • Republic of Vietnam:
    • Constitution for, 251
    • Economic situation, 283
    • Refugee situation, 250
    • “Showcase” for U.S. capabilities, 245–246
  • Senate hearings on Vietnam, 205, 220–222, 261, 264–265
  • Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam:
    • Harrimanʼs trip to Moscow, 404
    • Letter to Kosygin, 906–908
    • Meeting with Gromyko in Washfngton, 716–721
  • State of the Union message, 56n
  • Thrush operation, 617n, 797
  • Tonkin Gulf Resolution:
    • Administration policy re, 239n, 241–242, 257
    • Repeal effort in Senate, 184, 261, 267–268
  • Troop deployments by U.S., 273
    • Force ceilings, 649
    • 470,000 force deployment strategy, 850
    • Gen. Johnsonʼs recommendations, 188
  • U.N. Security Council discussions of Vietnam issue, 186, 189, 192n, 261
  • U.S. domestic situation:
    • “Hawks and doves” division in debate on Vietnam, 235
    • Public opinion re Vietnam, 410–411
  • U.S. Mission in Vietnam, problems with, 894, 897n
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam:
    • Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 37–38, 121, 255–259
    • Administration testimony to Congress, 56–57
    • Ambassadorial change in 1967, 800, 883
    • Ball groupʼs assessment of options, 355, 360
    • Congressional attitude toward, 44, 464
    • NSC discussion re, 381, 382–383
    • Planning for 1967, 707, 804–805, 873, 922n
    • Scale-down of personnel and facilities, 579
  • U.S. withdrawal issue, 32, 213, 322n
  • Vanceʼs Vietnam visit, report on, 336
  • Wilson, communications with, 426–428, 451n
• Johnson, U. Alexis, 24n, 40, 214n, 218, 274, 286n, 304, 312n, 338n, 372, 387n, 470n, 495n, 514n, 540n, 542n, 557n, 558n, 577n, 599n, 621n, 657n, 883
  • ARVN corruption problem, 584
  • Bombing of DRV, 618
  • Elmtree operation, 497–502, 518–522
  • GVN-VC/NLF talks option, 548–549
  • Honolulu Conference, 227
  • Marigold peace initiative, 484
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 202, 203, 680–682
  • Senate hearings on Vietnam, 220–222
• Johnson, W. Thomas, 579
• Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 8
  • Bombing of DRV:
    • Chinese intervention issue, 82
    • Controlled armed reconnaissance program, 299–300
    • Defensive response by DRV, 300–301
    • Effects of bombing, JCS report on, 789–792
    • International reaction, 82
    • JCS recommendations, 80–83
    • Overall U.S. strategy, relation to, 47
    • Restriction on bombing around
    • Hanoi, 968n
    • Rolling Thunder (RT) 52 program, 599n, 618, 742, 809–812
    • Sharpʼs position, 780
    • Stabilization of, 740
  • Target selection, 300–301
  • Bombing resumption, 8, 35–36, 39
  • Chinese intervention in Vietnam, possible, 82, 132, 200
  • Infiltration interdiction system, 639–640, 740
  • McNamaraʼs report of Vietnam visit, response to, 738–742
  • Military program in Vietnam:
    • Defoliation operations, 700
    • Enclave strategy, 198–201
    • “Indefinitely maintained military posture” proposal, 738–742
    • JCS assessment of, 738–739
    • Naval gunfire against DRV, 686, 687
    • Outlook for military operations in 1966, 117n
    • “Sharp knocks” strategy, 741–742
  • Negotiation issue, 740–741
  • Pacification program/civil operations:
    • Management reorganization, 660, 740
    • “Program for the Pacification and Long-Term Development of South Vietnam” (PROVN), 591–592
  • Peace offers, position re, 741
  • Troop deployments by U.S.:
    • Force requirements for 1966–1967, 564n
    • McNamaraʼs approved program, 827n
    • Stabilized force level, 739–740
  • U.S. withdrawal issue, 328n
• Jones, Boisfeullot, 87
• Jorden, William J., 387n, 389, 502–504,
• 532n, 550, 558n, 640n, 653
• Jorgensen, Gordon, 59n
• Just, Ward, 747
• Katzenbach, Nicholas deB., 484n, 548n, 618, 684n, 707n, 711n, 735, 753, 762n, 763n, 798n, 813n, 842n, 853n, 873n, 883, 885n, 898n, 916, 922n, 964n
  • Marigold peace initiative, 472n, 933n
    • Instructions for Gronouski, 905, 909–911, 914–916
    • Instructions for Lodge, 843–845
  • Non-group on Vietnam, formation of, 677–678
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 746–752
    • ARVNʼs involvement, 951
    • Romanian diplomatic initiative, 767–769
    • Soviet influence with DRV re negotiations, 692n
• Kaul, T. N., 861n
• Kemal Pasha, Mustafa, 163
• Kennan, George F, 205, 220, 236–237, 261–262
• Kennedy, Edward M., 77
• Kennedy, Robert F, 77, 169, 238, 240, 241, 243, 245, 269, 309
• Kent, Sherman, 765–767, 904
• Keppel, Francis, 87
• Kha (RVN), 701
• Khang. See Le Nguyen Khang, Gen.
• Khanh. See Nguyen Khanh, Gen.
• Kidd, Dr., 481
• Kintner, Robert, 916
• Kissinger, Henry, 147, 532n, 543–548,
• 557n, 559, 585–586, 686, 762n, 825
• Kistiakowsky, George B., 455–457, 635n, 636
• Kohler, Foy D., 70n, 91, 95, 111, 117–121, 172, 662, 906
• Komer, Robert W., 245, 255, 265, 304n, 377n, 387n, 390, 454, 515, 536n, 568n, 609n, 613n, 684n, 770n, 836n, 848n, 873n
  • Asian Development Task Force, 262n
  • Bombing of DRY, 650–651
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement, 279–280
  • Chieu Hoi program, 424, 478
  • Holbrookeʼs report on Vietnam visit, 885
  • Military program in Vietnam, assessment of, 346, 868
  • Negotiation issue, 650–652
  • Non-group on Vietnam, formation of, 678
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 389, 419–425
    • Agricultural program, 424
    • “Civil czar” position, 274, 302–303
    • Commercial Import Program, 398, 479–480
    • Coordination of civil and military efforts, 422, 478–479
    • Deputy Ambassadorʼs authority, 422, 423–424
    • Economic initiatives, 398, 420–421, 479–480
    • Forestry program, 424
    • 4-area priority pacification effort, 478
    • Funding for, 424–425
    • Land reform, 478
    • Management reorganization, 421–422, 660, 672–677, 713n, 714, 798
    • Medical program, 282
    • Military takeover in 1967, 849–850
    • Obstacles to, 374–375
    • Personnel issues, 346, 481
    • Police cadres, 423, 477–478
    • Port facilities, 479
    • Press relations, 481
    • Prioritization of programs, 344–346, 375–376
    • “Program for the Pacification and Long-Term Development of South Vietnam” (PROVN), 592n
    • Resource control and economic warfare, 424, 480
    • Revolutionary development effort, 421, 4, 3, 475–479
    • Rice collection, 480
    • Stagnation of, 554n
    • U.S. district-level advisory role, 423
  • RVN elections, 376
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam:
    • Ambassadorial change in 1967, 850, 883–885
    • “Disintegration of NLF” strategy, 651–652
    • NSC discussion re, 383
    • Planning for 1967, 707–711, 867–872, 884n, 922n
  • Vietnam visit, report on, 474–481
    • CIA assessment of, 486–488, 505–507
• Korea, Republic of, 19–20, 256, 257, 535, 845
  • Troops for Vietnam, 79, 785–786, 788
• Korean war, 3, 110, 136, 138, 162
• Koren, Henry L. T., 475, 894
• Kosygin, Alexei N., 24n, 70, 111, 161, 645, 865–866, 928
  • Johnsonʼs letter to, 906
• Kraft, Joseph, 103, 208, 243
• Krimer, William D., 662
• Krulak, Lt. Gen. Victor H., 476, 544, 592n
• Kuchel, Thomas H., 258
• Ky. See Nguyen Cao Ky, Air Vice Marshal.
• Ky-Thieu government (See also Buddhist Struggle Movement), 59
  • Cabinet crisis, 701, 763–767, 774
  • Civilian members, 409–410, 582–583
  • Constituent Assembly, relations with, 945–946Continuity of, 943
  • Demonstrations against, 225
  • First anniversary, 446
  • Internal stability, 26–27, 944
  • Kyʼs reelection bid in 1967, 531–532
  • Overthrow possibility, 197–198, 946
  • Public relations program, 254–255
• La Thanh Nghe, 533, 626
• La Van Liem, 563
• Lake, William, 640n
• Lam. See Hoang Xuan Lam, Gen.
• Lansdale, Edward G., 43, 59n, 271, 272, 534–535, 547, 873n, 886n
• Laos, 43, 256, 258–259, 666
  • U.S. bombing in, 165–166, 291
• Lathram, Wade, 887
• Latin American countries, 5–6, 20, 106
• Lausche,Frank, 122
• Le Chang, 117–121
• Le Duan, 76, 581
• Le Nguyen Khang, Gen., 766, 863, 944
• Le Van Hoach, 501
• Le Van Truong (“Mr. Out”), 498–500, 501, 518, 521, 540–542
• Lee, Philip, 87
• Leonard, James, 40n
• Leonhart, William K., 302, 419n, 507, 885n
  • Vietnam visits, reports on, 405—408, 609–613, 974–981
• Lewandowski, Januscz:
  • Marigold peace initiative:
    • Chinese interference, 528–529
    • Clarification of issues of concern to U.S., 754–756
    • Leaks re, 985n
    • Proposal for negotiations by DRV, 468–470, 482
    • Tripartite talks in Saigon, 525–528, 619–620, 622n, 642–644, 839–841, 845n, 890–894, 900–901, 903n, 912n
• Liao Cheng-chih, 135
• Lin Piao, Marshal, 594
• Lippmann, Walter, 37, 44, 140, 258, 458
• Loan. See Nguyen Ngoc Loan, Gen.
• Lodge, Henry Cabot, 58n, 67, 258, 345, 387n, 502n, 577n, 770n
  • Ambassadorship, handling of, 231–233, 800–801, 894–896
  • Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), 400, 584, 589–590, 807
  • Bell, attitude toward, 18
  • Bombing of DRV, 412–413, 453, 455
  • Bombing pause, 15–16, 22, 24, 195–197
  • Bombing resumption, 16–17, 22, 108, 184
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement, 335n
    • Anti-American propaganda by Buddhists, 312, 313n
    • Buddhist demands, 283–285
    • Communist influence, 295–296, 336n
    • Demonstrations against government, 285–286 Government assault on Buddhists, 318–319, 397
    • Government policy re, 306–308
    • Onset following Thiʼs removal from command, 277–280
    • Political impact, 296–297
    • Post-crisis agenda of government, 352–354 Reestablishment of government authority, 399, 409n, 444–446
    • Thieuʼs assessment of, 453, 454
    • U.S. forces, instructions for, 323n
    • U.S. policy re, 317n, 334
  • McG. Bundyʼs assessment of, 231–233
  • Chieu Hoi program, 55, 197, 224–225, 308, 402, 416, 448, 537
  • Communist insurgency, 55
    • Army divisions from DRV, 196
    • Terror campaign, 298, 447–448, 511, 537, 573–574, 805–806, 807
    • Thieuʼs assessment of, 453
  • Congressional candidatesʼ visits to Vietnam, 538
  • Defection encouragement program:
    • General amnesty proposal, 587
    • National reconciliation program, 641n, 661, 698, 762–763, 862–864, 929–930, 951
  • Departure from Vietnam, desire for, 884
  • DRV political situation, 271–272
  • Honolulu Conference, 215, 223–224
  • Infiltration interdiction system, 695
  • Information policy on Vietnam, 270
  • Ky-Thieu government:
    • Cabinet crisis, 701, 763, 764n
    • Coup threat, 197–198
    • Demonstrations against, 225
    • Kyʼs reelection bid in 1967, 531n
  • Marigold peace initiative:
    • Chinese interference, 528–529
    • Clarification of issues of concern to U.S., 754–756
    • DʼOrlandiʼs reliability, 472, 483
    • Instructions for Lodge, 484n, 621, 838, 843 Kyʼs involvement, 485n
    • Leaks re, 985n
    • Proposal for negotiations by DRV, 467–470, 471–472, 481–482
    • Tripartite talks in Saigon, 525–528, 619–620, 622n, 642–644, 839–841, 845n, 890–894, 900–901, 903n, 912n
    • Warsaw-Hanoi relationship, 529
  • Military program in Vietnam, 57–58, 226–227 Battles, 413
    • Beechʼs assessment of, 535–536
    • Casualties, 400, 447, 537, 573–574, 627–628
    • Civilian casualties, 298–299
    • Infiltration of DRV, 513
    • Kill counts, 413, 447, 627, 628
    • Outlook for military operations in 1966, 150
    • “Split up and keep off balance” strategy, 805–808
  • Negotiation issue:
    • “Blue chips” for negotiation, 433–437
    • GVN-VC/NLF talks option, 547, 557, 558n, 560n
    • NLF representation, 1–4
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 58, 226, 389
    • Acceleration effort, 554, 555n, 609
    • ARVNʼs involvement, 571–573, 951
    • Education program, 416
    • Long An Province effort, 626
    • Management reorganization, 41, 85, 714, 798, 799n, 836, 848
    • Obstacles to, 374
    • Political warfare, 203
    • Port facilities, 479
    • Revolutionary development effort, 270–271, 401, 515–516
    • Stagnation of, 536
    • Technical visits, 14, 87
    • Youth activities, 538
  • Press relations, 481
  • Republic of Vietnam:
    • Binh Thuan Province situation, 415–416
    • Coalition government issue, 269
    • Constitution for, 307–308, 326n
    • Economic situation, 18–19, 55, 225–226, 271, 297, 308, 402, 415, 513, 537, 576, 626–627 Elections, 346, 352, 370n, 400–401, 413–415, 446–447, 512, 522, 533–535, 574–576, 623–626
    • National Political Congress, 350–351
    • Paraplegic veterans, 415
    • Political situation, 699
    • PX/commissary outlets for civil service and military use, 576
  • Senate hearings on Vietnam, 239, 240n, 269–270
  • Thantʼs diplomatic initiative, 482–483
  • Thrush operation:
    • High-level officials, focus on, 561–563
    • Termination of State Department involvement, 796–797
    • Thoʼs possible defection, 562–563, 616–617
    • U.S. hopes re, 565, 588, 657
  • Troop deployments by U.S., 53–54
  • U.N. Security Council discussions of Vietnam issue, 196
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam (see also Weekly reports below):
    • NSC discussion, 382
    • “Satisfactory outcome” issue, 18, 692–698
    • Winning the war, scenarios for, 568–571
  • U.S. public opinion re Vietnam, 17–18, 401
  • Weekly reports, 15–19, 53–55, 195–198, 223–227, 269–272, 285–286, 295–299, 306–309, 399–402, 412–416, 444–448, 533–538, 568–577, 623–628, 701
  • Westmorelandʼs relationship with, 232
  • Year-end summary of Vietnam situation, 948–950
• Long, Russell B., 145, 259, 267n
• Lovett, Robert A., 158
• Lucet, Charles E., 213
• Lynd, Staughton, 40, 46
• MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 110, 138
• MacArthur, Douglas, II, 883
• MacDonald, Donald, 887
• Mahon, George H., 126, 144–145
• Mai Tho Truyen, 285, 523
• Mai Van Bo, 12, 13, 44–47, 521
• Malaysia, 705, 846
• Manaʼch, Etienne, 950
• Manescu, Corneliu, 768
• Manila Conference, 679, 726
  • Administration discussion re, 753–754
  • Country reactions, 820–821, 860
  • Initial scenario for, 652–657
  • Johnsonʼs meeting with Ky and Thieu, 770–775
  • McNaughtonʼs report, 782–786
  • Summary of proceedings, 775–776
  • U.S.ʼs desired results, 690
  • Westmorelandʼs report, 787–789
• Mann, Charles A., 41, 59n, 85, 233–234, 479
• Mansfield, Mike, 8, 37, 56, 75, 121, 126, 141–142, 154, 238n, 267–268, 417–418, 464, 601n, 724–725
• Mao Ze-dong, 879
• Marcos, Ferdinand, 19, 257, 654, 656, 769, 775
• Marigold peace initiative, 821–822
  • Bombing of DRV and, 900, 912–913, 917–919, 936–938, 953–955, 959–960
  • Bombing restrictions around Hanoi and, 968–969, 971–973
  • Chinese interference, 528–529
  • Clarification of issues of concern to U.S., 754–756
  • DʼOrlandiʼs reliability, 472, 483
  • Gronouski-Rapacki talks in Warsaw, 899n, 902–904, 905n, 912–913, 917–921, 933–938, 958–961, 966–967, 971–973, 983–986
  • Gronouskiʼs presentation in effort to salvage talks, 952–957
  • Instructions for Gronouski, 898–899, 905, 909–911, 914–916, 917, 952n, 968–969
  • Instructions for Lodge, 484–485, 621–622, 838–839, 843–845
  • Johnsonʼs attitude toward, 973n
  • Kyʼs involvement, 485n
  • Leaks re, 985n
  • NLF and, 901
  • Proposal for negotiations by DRV, 467–473, 481–482
  • Ruskʼs attitude-toward, 973n
  • Soviet assessment of, 982
  • Ten Point summary of U.S. policy, 891–892, 900, 905, 909–911
  • Termination of 936–938, 958–961, 983–986
  • Tripartite talks in Saigon, 525–528, 619–620, 622n, 642–644, 839–841, 845n, 890–894, 900–901, 903n, 912n
  • U.S.-DRV contacts in Warsaw, proposed, 893, 900, 905n, 909–911, 914–916
  • Warsaw-Hanoi relationship, 529
• Marks, Leonard H., 20, 196, 255, 260, 262, 263, 280, 281, 443, 452, 660, 672n, 836n
• Marlowe, Stanley, 59n
• Martin, Graham A., 150, 538–539, 846
• Martin, Paue 448n, 449, 971n
• Martin, William McChesney, 473
• Maynard, Len, 888
• McBride, Robert H., 12–14, 46, 521, 542n
• McCafferty, Arthur, 303n, 796
• McCarthy, Eugene J., 123, 188, 264
• McCloy, John J., 158, 175, 179, 180
• McConaughy, Walter P., 160–163
• McConnell, Gen. John P., 188, 189, 451
• McCormack, John W., 8, 141, 257
• McDonald, Adm. David L., 188, 451, 897
• McGhee, Gale, 267n
• McGovern, George 5., 75, 99, 140
• McKillop, David, 829
• McNamara, Robert S. (see also McNamara mission to Vietnam), 13, 21n, 37, 40, 58n, 83n, 150, 188, 189, 255, 261, 264, 340n, 377n, 386n, 387n, 426n, 492n, 554n, 579, 601n, 609n, 711n, 719, 752, 758n, 780n, 836n, 848n, 849n, 885n, 914n, 916, 917
  • Army of the Republic of Vietnam, NLF infiltration of, 386
  • Bombing of DRV:
    • Civilian facilities, strikes against, 951–952 Controlled armed reconnaissance program, 299 Interdiction capability, 114–115
    • JCS recommendations, 80
    • Militaryʼs unanimous support for, 734n
    • Petroleum, oil and lubricant (POL) targets, 385, 411, 412, 439, 440, 441, 442, 444, 449, 450, 451, 458–460 Political dimension, 78
    • Restriction on bombing around Hanoi, 733–374, 968n
    • Rolling Thunder (RT) 52 program, 599n, 618, 809, 817–819
    • Stabilization of, 729–731
    • Target selection, 127
    • Termination option, 649, 733
  • Bombing pause:
    • Campaign issue in U.S., 76
    • McNamaraʼs assessment for Johnson, 74–76, 80
    • Resumption of, proposed, 634n
  • Bombing resumption, 21
    • Administration discussions, 8–11, 39, 100, 105, 107, 108, 109, 126–128, 154–155, 165–170, 182, 183, 184, 185
    • Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 141, 143
    • JCS position, 35
    • McNamaraʼs position, 108
    • Opposition to, 77–78
    • Wise Menʼs opinions, 174–176
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement:
    • Administration discussion re, 324
    • Communist influence, 336n
    • Onset following Thiʼs removal from command, 282
    • U.S. intervention, proposed, 338
    • U.S. policy re, 317, 334n
  • Chinese intervention in Vietnam, possible, 116
  • Communist insurgency, 76–77, 113–114:
  • Congress, Administration strategy for dealing with, 238
  • Honolulu Conference, 215
  • Infiltration interdiction system, 729
    • Installation of, 842
    • JCS position, 639
    • McNamaraʼs order for, 635–636
    • McNamaraʼs rationale for, 932
    • Scientistsʼ recommendation, 455
  • Information policy on Vietnam, 492n
  • Ky-Thieu government cabinet crisis, 763–764
  • Laos, U.S. bombing in, 165
  • Manila Conference, 782
  • Marigold peace initiative, 484
  • Military program in Vietnam:
    • Alliesʼ contributions, 79–80, 828
    • Costs of, 786
    • Defoliation operations, 699–700
    • Enclave strategy, 198
    • Increased effectiveness of military operations, program for, 216–218
    • “Indefinitely maintained military posture” proposal, 728–738
    • Inflation in RVN and, 826—827
    • Kill counts, 272–273, 281
    • Naval gunfire against DRV, 686–689
    • Outlook for military operations in 1966, 112–117 Reserve call-up issue, 273–274
    • Scientistsʼ assessment of, 455
    • Shortages problem, 261n, 283n
    • Womenʼs involvement, 78–79
  • National Liberation Front (NLF), 205
  • Negotiation issue, 356, 495, 733–734
  • Pacification program/civil operations:
    • “Civil czar” position, 260
    • 4-area priority pacification effort, 115–116
    • Komerʼs assessment and recommendations, 419
    • Management reorganization, 63, 613–614, 659–660, 672, 682n, 710n, 731–733, 735, 798
    • “Program for the Pacification and Long-Term Development of South Vietnam” (PROVN), 591, 592n
    • Security issue, 731–732
  • Peace offensive, 6
  • RVN coalition government issue, 385
  • Resolution of Vietnam situation, views on, 243–244
  • Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam, 404–405
  • Thrush operation, 797
  • Tonkin Gulf Resolution, administration policy re, 246
  • Troop deployments by U.S., 273
    • Approved program, 826–827
    • Battalion strength increases in 1966, 115
    • Force ceilings, 649
    • Force requirements for 1966–1967, 564n
    • 470, 000 force deployment strategy, 850–852
    • Stabilized force level, 729
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam:
    • Ambassadorial change in 1967, 883
    • NSC discussion re, 381, 382
    • Planning for 1967, 804–805, 867, 922n
• McNamara mission to Vietnam:
  • Agenda for discussions, 684–686
  • Ky and Thieu, meeting with, 735
  • MeNamaraʼs report to Johnson, 727–746
  • McNamaraʼs report to NSC, 753
• McNaughton, John T., 338n, 355, 390n, 493n, 514n, 558n, 577n, 635n, 636, 659n, 684n, 883, 885n
  • Manila Conference, 782–786
  • Military program in Vietnam, 216–218
• McPherson, Harry, 383–384
• McPherson, Maj. Gen. John, 897
• Meeker, Leonard C., 95–97, 220
• Mendelevitch, Lev 1., 662
• Menon, Krishna, 3
• Menzies, Robert G., 5, 16
• Meyer, Armin H., 846
• Michalowski, Jerzy, 902, 912, 921, 933, 936, 971, 973, 986
• Military program in Vietnam (see also Bombing headings; Infiltration interdiction system; Troop deployments by U.S.), 226–227, 474
  • Alliesʼ contributions, 79–80, 785–786, 788–789, 828, 845–847, 949
  • Beechʼs assessment of, 535–536
  • Casualties, 178, 400, 447, 537, 573–574, 627–628
  • Christmas truce, proposed, 928
  • Civilian casualties, 298–299
  • Costs of, 786
  • Defoliation operations, 699–700
  • Division of U.S. opinion on priorities in conducting the war, 979–980
  • DMZ infiltration routes, focus on, 514
  • Enclave strategy, 123, 140, 143, 144, 198–201
  • Increased effectiveness of military operations, program for, 216–218
  • “Indefinitely maintained military posture” proposal, 728–746
  • Infiltration of DRV, 513
  • Inflation in RVN and, 826–827
  • JCS assessment of, 738–739
  • Kill counts, 272–273, 281, 413, 447, 627, 628
  • Kissingerʼs assessment of, 543–545
  • Komerʼs assessment of, 346, 868
  • Lodgeʼs assessment of, 57–58
  • Morale situation, 337
  • Naval gunfire against DRV, 686–689
  • Operation Irving, 753, 773
  • Operation Market Time, 949
  • Operation Masher, 187
  • Operation Starlite, 48
  • Outlook for military operations in 1966, 112–117, 150–153
  • Reserve call-up issue, 273–274
  • Scientistsʼ assessment of, 455–457
  • “Sharp knocks” strategy, 741–742
  • Shortages problem, 261n, 283n “Sit tight” option, 160–163
  • “Split up and keep off balance”
  • strategy, 805–808
  • U.S.-RVN consensus on, 247–248
  • Westmorelandʼs assessment of, 773–774 Westmorelandʼs concept of military operations, 603–608
  • Womenʼs involvement, 78–79
• Miller, Robert H., 349n, 373n, 391, 403n, 514n, 522n, 557n, 640n, 767
• Mr. Out. See Le Van Truong.
• Mohr, Charles, 747
• Monros, Juan, 415
• Montagnards, 31–32, 54, 62, 225, 251, 499, 608 Morell, William N., Jr., 428
• Morgan, Thomas E., 124n, 144
• Moro, Aldo, 106
• Morse, Wayne, 17, 37, 121, 184, 239n, 267–268
• Moyers, Bill D., 10, 37, 40, 46n, 54, 100, 150n, 153n, 164, 183, 184, 227–228, 238, 239n, 244, 246, 262, 266, 286n, 302n, 317, 329n, 338n, 383, 389, 397, 443–444, 502n, 530n, 550n, 554n, 609n, 613n, 677–678, 753, 754, 783n, 849n, 897n
• Mundt, Karl E., 57, 123
• Myrdal, Gunnar, 379
• Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 5, 69, 75
• Nathan, Robert, 260, 263, 276, 611, 612
• National Intelligence Estimates:
  • NIE 14.3–66, 488–490
  • NIE 53–66, 938–948
• National Liberation Front (NLF) (see also Communist insurgency; GVN-VC/NLF talks option under Negotiation issue), 122, 229
  • ARVN, infiltration of, 386
  • CIA penetration of, 637–638
  • Coalition government issue, 269
  • Covert political program against, 202–203 Defection efforts targeting. See Defection encouragement program.
  • Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
  • NLF representative in Algiers, U.S. cantacts with, 584–585
  • Swedish initiative, 829–835, 856–859 “Disintegration” strategy targeting, 651—652DRV, relationship with, 209–210
  • Elections in RVN, disruption
  • campaign against, 575–576, 580, 623, 629 Managing hierarchy, 205–210
  • Marigold peace initiative and, 901
  • Morale situation, 550, 610–611
  • Negotiation issue, 1–4, 73, 148
  • Peace offensive, reaction to, 93
  • Peace terms, 679
  • Political-program, 205–210
  • Prisoners of war, exchanges of, 156–157
  • Will to persist, U.S. report on, 601–603
• National Security Action Memorandum No. 343, 302–303
• National Security Council (NSC):
  • Meetings:
    • 555th, 19–22
    • 556th, 187–189
    • 557th, 381–383
    • 559th, 437–444
    • 565th, 752–754
    • June 22, 448–452
• Negotiation issue (see also Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation):
  • “Blue chips” for negotiation, 366–369, 371–372, 433–437
  • “Cessation of hostilities” issue, 492–494
  • Chinese role, 148–150
  • CIA position, 745
  • DRV attitude toward negotiations, 146–150, 223
  • DRV intransigence, Johnsonʼs frustration re, 986–987
  • “Forcing negotiations” strategy, 358–359, 650–652
  • Fulbrightʼs assessment of, 598
  • GVN-VC/NLF talks option (see also National reconciliation program under Defection encouragement program), 331–332, 348–349, 356, 357, 363, 545–547, 548–549, 557–561, 577–578, 585–586
  • JCS position, 740–741
  • Kissingerʼs assessment of, 545–547
  • Kyʼs position, 697–698
  • Mansfieldʼs recommendations, 724–725
  • McNamaraʼs recommendations, 733–734
  • Myrdalʼs recommendations, 379
  • 1967 prognosis, 881
  • NLF attitude toward negotiations, 148
  • NLF representation, 1–4, 73
  • “Package deal” strategy, 964–965
  • RVN political situation and, 946–947
  • “Secret negotiation of a total deal” strategy, 853–856
  • Soviet influence with DRV, 330, 691–692
  • Three-track approach, 577n, 586.
  • U.S. 14 points, 6
  • U.S. planning for negotiations, 495–496
• Negotiations Committee, 548–549, 583–587, 660–661, 678–679, 691–692, 726–727, 820–826
• Nehru, B. K., 218–219
• Nelson, Robert, 276
• Neustadt, Richard, 193
• New Zealand, 5, 190, 257, 788, 845
• Ngo Dinh Diem, 231
• Nguyen Bao Kim, 197–198
• Nguyen Bao Tri, Gen., 410, 762, 862–863, 895, 929
• Nguyen Cao Ky, Air Vice Marshal (see also Ky-Thieu government), 8, 65n, 109, 256, 702
  • ARVN corruption problem, 584, 589–590
  • Bombing pause, 15
  • Bombing resumption, 182
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement, 296, 325, 335n
    • Government assault on Buddhists, 318–319, 334n, 386, 387n, 393, 397
    • Government policy re, 306–307
    • Inflammatory statements ref 373
    • Negotiations between government and Buddhists, 326–327
    • Onset following-Thiʼs removal from command, 277–280
    • Reestablishment of government authority, 409, 445–446
    • Taylorʼs analysis of U.S. options, 340–341
  • Chieu Hoi program, 251, 926
  • Communist insurgency, 511
  • Defection encouragement program:
    • Jordenʼs proposal, 503–504
    • National reconciliation program, 661, 698, 762–763, 863, 926
  • De Gaulle, criticism of, 627
  • Doʼs criticism ot 532n
  • Honolulu Conference, 215, 218–219, 227–228
  • Infiltration interdiction system, 695
  • Johnsonʼs attitude toward, 218–219
  • Johnsonʼs meetings with, 227–228, 770–775
  • Manila Conference, 654, 770–775, 788
  • Marigold peace initiative, 485n
  • McNamaraʼs meeting “with, 735
  • Military program in Vietnam, 513, 928 Montagnards, 225
  • Negotiation issue, 558n, 697–698
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 555
    • ARVNʼs involvement, 925
    • 4-area priority pacification effort 115
    • Management reorganization, 735
    • Port facilities, 42, 479
    • Revolutionary development effort 271
  • Popularity with Vietnamese people, 835
  • Prisoners of war, exchanges of, 156
  • Republic of Vietnam:
    • Coalition government issue, 269
    • Constitution for, 69, 326, 927
    • Democracy Building Council, 198
    • Economic development need for, 612
    • Economic situation, 226, 402, 513, 576, 928
    • Elections 392, 512, 625
    • Interim government issue, 350
    • Popular Forces and Combat Youth, 925–926
    • U.S. presence, popular opinion on, 928
  • Ruskʼs meeting with, 925–928
  • Satisfactory outcome in Vietnam, views on, 692–698
  • Senate hearings on Vietnam, 240
  • Thrush operation, 657
• Nguyen Chanh Thi, Gen., 271, 272, 277–280, 315, 324, 343, 388, 392, 396, 399, 944
• Nguyen Chi Thanh, Gen., 148
• Nguyen Duc Thang, Gen., 215, 251, 271, 415, 475, 507, 513, 534, 536, 735, 788, 889
• Nguyen Duy Trinh, 448n, 829, 830–834, 857
• Nguyen Go Thach, 448n
• Nguyen Huu An, 562–563, 616, 617n, 657n, 796–797
• Nguyen Huu Co, Gen., 215, 386n, 584, 589–590, 765–766, 770
• Nguyen Huu Tho, 202, 206–207, 208, 498, 503, 562–563, 580, 616–617, 679, 796–797
• Nguyen Khanh, Gen., 4t 497–502, 518–522, 540–542
• Nguyen Ngoc Loan, Gen., 352n, 393, 395, 445, 765, 766, 767, 944
• Nguyen Tan Loc, 701
• Nguyen Van Can, 208
• Nguyen Van Chuan, Gen., 293, 325–326, 334 Nguyen Van Hai, 309
• Nguyen Van Hieu, 202, 207
• Nguyen Van Man, 325
• Nguyen Van Thieu, Gen. (see also Ky-Thieu government), 43, 256, 583, 586
  • Bombing of DRV, 453, 455
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement:
    • Government assault on Buddhists, 387n
    • Onset following Thiʼs removal from command, 278–279
    • Thieuʼs assessment ot 453, 454
  • Chieu Hoi program, 251, 926
  • Communist insurgency, 453–454
  • Honolulu Conference, 215, 218, 227–228
  • Infiltration interdiction system, 695
  • Johnsonʼs meetings with, 227–228, 770–775 Manila Conference, 770–775
  • McNamaraʼs meeting with, 735
  • National reconciliation program, 698, 762–763, 863
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 735, 925 Peace offensive, 65–66
  • Republic of Vietnam:
    • Constitution for, 326n, 927
    • Economic situation, 226
    • Elections, 349, 392
    • Planning for post-war period, 926–927
    • Unity of Vietnamese people, 68
    • U.S. presence, popular opinion on, 928
  • Ruskʼs meeting with, 65–69, 925–928
  • Satisfactory outcome in Vietnam, views on, 692–698
  • Senate hearings on Vietnam, 240
• Nguyen Van Tri, 563
• Nhuan. See Pharo Xuan Nhuan, Gen.
• Nilsson, Torsten, 829–835, 856
• Nitze, Paul, 276, 883
• Nkrumah, Kwame, 171
• Non-group on Vietnam, 677–678, 883
• Non-military programs in Vietnam. See Pacification program/civil operations.
• North Vietnam. See Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
• Oakley, Robert, 888
• Oberg, J. C. S., 829, 856
• OʼBrien, Larry E, 205, 255n
• Office of Civil Operations (OCO), 976–977 Operations. See under Military program in Vietnam.
• Owen, William M., 701
• Pacification program/civil operations, 43, 226, 388–389, 975
  • Acceleration effort, 348, 554–555, 609–610
  • Agricultural program, 225, 252, 424
  • Alliesʼ contributions, 88
  • ARVNʼs involvement, 475, 476, 536, 555, 571–573, 605–606, 610, 732, 785, 925, 951, 978–980
  • Bellʼs report for Johnson, 83–88
  • CIA involvement, 638n
  • “Civil czar” position, 234–235, 239, 260, 263, 274–276, 302–303
  • Commercial Import Program, 398, 479–480
  • Coordination of civil and military efforts, 422, 478–479
  • Deputy Ambassadorʼs authority, 422, 423–424
  • Economic initiatives, 85–87, 390, 398, 406, 420–421, 479–480, 611–612
  • Education program, 252, 416
  • Evaluations of, 85
  • Forestry program, 424
  • 4-area priority pacification effort 115–116, 333, 478
  • Funding for, 424–425
  • Joint operations with GVN, 408
  • Katzenbachʼs assessment of, 746–752
  • Komerʼs assessment and recommendations, 419–425
  • Komerʼs Vietnam visit, report on, 474–481, 486–488, 505–507
  • Land reform, 478
  • Leonhartʼs year-end assessment of, 976–981 Long An Province effort, 626
  • Management reorganization, 40–41, 63–64, 84–85, 421–422, 613–614
    • AID position, 714–715
    • CIA position, 668–672, 744–745
    • Decision on changes to be made, 798–799
    • Holbrookeʼs assessment of, 886–888
    • Implementation of changes, 836–837, 848–849
    • JCS position, 740
    • Johnsonʼs letter of encouragement to Lodge, 848–849
    • Johnsonʼs position, 710n, 756–757
    • Katzenbachʼs position, 749–752
    • Komerʼs position, 672–677
    • McNamaraʼs recommendations, 659–660, 731–733, 735
    • Military takeover, opposition to, 712–716
    • State Department position, 680–682
    • Year-end assessment of, 976–977
  • Medical program, 251–252, 282
  • Military takeover in 1967, 757, 849–850
  • 1965 results, 28–29
  • Obstacles to, 374–375
  • Organizational structure (see also Management reorganization above), 231–235, 239
  • Personnel issues, 346, 408, 481
  • Police cadres, 391, 407, 423, 477–478
  • Political warfare, 202-:203, 487,
  • 505–507
  • Port facilities, 42, 85, 406–407, 479, 611–612
  • Press relations, 408, 481
  • Prioritization of programs, 344–346, 375–376
  • “Program for the Pacification and Long-Term Development of South Vietnam” (PROVN), 591–597
  • Province team chiefs, 506
  • Resource control and economic warfare, 41, 86–87, 88, 424, 480
  • Revolutionary development effort, 270–271, 401, 421, 423, 475–479, 506, 515–516
  • Rice collection, 480
  • Security issue, 731–732, 747–748
  • Stagnation of, 536, 554n
  • Technical visits, 14–15, 87
  • Urban programs, 407–408
  • U.S. district-level advisory role, 423
  • U.S.-RVN consensus on, 248–250
  • U.S. troopsʼ involvement, 605, 607–608
  • Valentiʼs suggestions, 193–194
  • Warrenton meeting recommendations, 58–63
  • Washington-Saigon relations, 613
  • Youth activities, 538
• Pakistan, 171, 259, 846
• Palmer, Bruce, 757
• Pappas, Tom, 950
• Park, Chung Hee, 654, 775, 785–786, 788, 845 Paul VI, Pope, 10, 11, 20, 108, 184, 186, 187, 190, 776, 985n
• Peace offensive:
  • Communist reaction, 92–94
  • Country responses, 4–8, 19–21, 34–35
  • DRV position, 192
  • Hoʼs letter on, 187
  • Johnsonʼs assessment of, 21–22
  • Thieuʼs attitude toward, 65–66
• Pearson, Drew, 754
• Pearson, Lester, 289
• Peers, Maj. Gen. William, 59n
• Pell, Claiborne, 123, 140, 264
• Percy, Charles, 587
• Peter, Janos, 760
• Petri, Lennart, 829, 830–831, 835, 858
• Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets. See under Bombing of DRV.
• Pharo Anh, Lt. Col., 929
• Pharo Dang Lan, Gen., 537
• Pharo Huy Quat, 208
• Pharo Van Dong, 40n, 288, 289, 508, 509, 620, 679, 755, 893
• Pham Van Lieu, Col., 16
• Pham Xuan Chieu, Lt. Gen., 65, 225, 293, 410
• Pharo Xuan Nhuan, Gen., 410, 445
• Phan Khac Suu, 208, 512, 533, 626
• Phan Quang Dan, 208, 626
• Phan Thong, 512
• Phase A-Phase B peace formula (see also Marigold peace initiative), 658
• Philippines, 5, 19, 79, 256, 257, 788, 846
• Phillips, Rufus, 886n
• Phung Van Cung, 202, 207
• Pike, Douglas, 269
• Pitt, William, 197
• Planning for 1967. See under U.S. policy on Vietnam.
• Poats, Rutherford, 59, 83, 712, 714
• Podgorny, Nikolay, 94
• POL targets. See Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets under Bombing of DRV.
• Poland, 67, 171
  • Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation. See Marigold peace initiative.
• Political Development Working Group, 369n
• Porter, William J., 41, 63–64, 84–85, 126, 173, 233, 270, 344, 345, 346, 374, 375, 387n, 390, 401, 402, 419, 422, 423–424, 475, 480, 515–516, 536n, 547, 562, 609, 681, 686, 712, 713–714, 715, 757, 836, 837, 884, 887, 888, 894, 924n, 930n, 976–977, 985n
  • Warrenton meeting on Vietnam, 58–63
• Press coverage of Vietnam, 408, 481, 535
• Prisoners of war:
  • DRV treatment of, 509
  • Elmtree operation and, 499, 520, 541, 542n
  • Exchanges of, 96, 156–157
  • NLF-VC held in South, 585
• Quang. See Dang Van Quang, Gen. Quynh. See Hoang Quynh.
• Raborn, William E, Jr., 58n, 141n, 150n, 153, 187, 188, 211n, 245, 255, 280, 387n
  • Bombing of DRV, 443, 452
  • Bombing resumption, 106, 108
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement, 380
  • NLF, covert program against, 202–203
  • Senate hearings on Vietnam, 261, 264
• Rand Corporation, 76–77
• Rapacki, Adam, 2, 91, 620, 891, 893, 898, 900
  • Marigold peace initiative, talks with Gronouski in Warsaw, 899n, 902–904, 905n, 912–913, 917–921, 933–938, 958–961, 966–967, 971–973, 983–986
• Razak (Malaysia), 705
• Read, Benjamin H., 22n, 44n, 156–157, 239n, 426n, 495n, 548n, 554n, 587, 599n, 823, 909n, 968n
• Reedy, George E., 235–237
• Refugee situation, 30, 42, 87, 250
• Reischauer, Edwin 0., 34, 35, 262, 443, 539n
• Republic of Vietnam (RVN; South Vietnam) (see also Army of the Republic of Vietnam; Buddhist Struggle Movement; Ky-Thieu government; Pacification program/civil operations):
  • Anti-Communist attitudes, 943
  • Binh Thuan Province situation, 415–416
  • Bureaucracy and administrative apparatus, 942
  • Civilian-military rivalry, 941
  • Coalition government issue, 240, 241, 245, 269, 309, 385
  • Constituent Assembly (see also Elections below), 945–946
  • Constitution for, 69, 225, 250–251, 294, 307–308, 326, 348, 630, 824–825, 896–897, 927
  • Democracy-building program, 198, 225, 332–333, 347
  • Economic development, need for, 582, 612
  • Economic situation, 18–19, 27–28, 41–42, 55, 85–86, 225–226, 253–254, 271, 283, 297, 308, 402, 415, 513, 537, 576, 626–627, 826–827, 928, 942
  • Elections, 346, 349, 352, 392, 400–401, 533–534, 574–576, 598, 612, 943
    • “American presence” issue, 376
    • Catholicsʼ attitude toward, 413–415
    • CIAʼs role, 369–370
    • Disqualifications of candidates, 512
    • Fair elections, U.S. concerns re, 522–525
    • Laws re, 446–447
    • NLF disruption campaign, 575–576, 580, 623, 629
    • Public relations value, 534–535
    • Results of, 623–626, 628–630
    • U.S. policy re, 403–404
  • Interim government issue, 350
  • International support for, 248, 703
  • Land reform program, 29–30, 478
  • Military and para-military structure, 476
  • National awareness, lack of, 941–942
  • National Political Congress, 349–351
  • National reconciliation program. See under Defection encouragement program.
  • Paraplegic veterans, 415
  • Peace movement, 27
  • Planning for post-war period, 926–927
  • Political situation, 699, 875–876, 885–886
    • 1967 prognosis, 879–880, 938–948, 975–976
    • U.S. presence, impact of, 944, 965–966
  • Popular Forces and Combat Youth, 925–926
  • Public opinion on U.S. presence, 888–890, 928
  • PX/commissary outlets for civil service and military use, 576
  • Refugee situation, 30, 42, 87, 250
  • Regionalism problem, 940
  • Religious factiona1ism, 940–941
  • Revolutionary committee, 388–389
  • “Showcase” for U.s. capabilities, 245–246
  • Strategic importance of, 593–594
  • Unity of Vietnamese people, 68
• Reserve call-up issue, 273–274
• Reston, James, 10, 77–78
• Ribicoff, Abraham, 223
• Ridgway, Gen. Matthew B., 166, 261, 264 Ritchie,. A. Edgar, 658
• Rivers, L. Mendel, 9, 37, 126, 144
• Roberts, Juanita, 124n
• Roche, John P., 800–801, 825, 894–897, 931n
• Rockefeller, Nelson, 884
• Rodhain, Monsignor, 5
• Rolling Thunder. See Bombing headings.
• Romanian diplomatic initiative, 767–769
• Romney, George W., 963
• Ronning peace initiative, 287–290, 438, 448–449, 468
• Ropa, Donald W., 26–32, 369n
• Roschin, Alexei A., 662
• Rosenthal, Jacob, 842n
• Rostow, Eugene V., 692n, 821, 824, 825
• Rostow, Walt W., 193, 245, 255, 317, 334n, 340n, 350n, 352n, 369n, 372, 377n, 386n, 391n, 399n, 405n, 412n, 426n, 453n, 460, 492n, 493n, 508n, 511n, 552n, 554n, 556n, 558n, 577n, 601n, 607n, 609n, 623n, 627n, 657n, 686n, 716, 736n, 770n, 796, 798n, 849n, 867n, 883, 890n, 905n, 909n, 914n, 916, 950
  • Asian Development Task Force, 262, 265
  • Bombing of DRV:
    • Achievements of, 633–634
    • Effects of bombing in 1965, 428
    • Escalation issue, 650–651
    • Ho Chi Minh Trail, focus on, 359
    • Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL)targets, 331, 378–379, 412, 440, 441, 444, 451
    • Rolling Thunder (RT) 52 program, 618, 812–813, 818n
    • Target selection, 359
    • Westmorelandʼs position, 777
  • Bombing pause, proposed resumption of, 634
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement:
    • Administration discussion re, 323
    • Government assault on Buddhists, 387–388, 396–397
    • U.S. intervention, proposed, 338–339
  • Defection encouragement program, 502
  • Democratic Republic of Vietnam:
    • Future strategy, 904
    • Morale situation, 647–648
  • Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
    • Asian initiative, Thanatʼs proposal for, 539n
    • Phase A-Phase B peace formula, 658
  • Information policy on Vietnam, 359–360, 491–492
  • Kyʼs reelection bid in 1967, 531–532
  • Manila Conference, 653–654, 690
  • Marigold peace initiative, 484, 528n, 983
  • Military program in Vietnam, 603, 828
    • Alliesʼ contributions
    • Westmorelandʼs concept of military operations
  • National Liberation Front (NLF), 550
  • Negotiation issue:
    • “Blue chips” for negotiation, 366n, 433
    • “Forcing negotiations” strategy, 358–359, 650–652
    • GVN-VC/NLF talks option, 331–332, 348–349, 356
    • Myrdalʼs recommendations, 379
    • 1967 prognosis, 881
    • “Secret negotiation of a total deal” strategy, 853–856
    • Soviet influence with DRV, 330, 691n
    • U.S. planning for negotiations, 495–496
  • Non-group on Vietnam, formation of, 678
  • Pacification program/civil operations: Acceleration effort, 348 [Page 1013]
    • 4-area priority pacification effort, 333
    • Management reorganization, 613–614
  • Republic of Vietnam:
    • Constitution for, 348
    • Democracy-building program, 332–333, 347
  • Thrush operation, 617n, 797
  • Troop deployments by U.S., 355
  • U.S. domestic situation, 880–881
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam:
    • Ball groupʼs assessment of options, 355–357
    • “Disintegration of NLF“ strategy,651–652
    • Planning for 1967, 873–882, 922n
    • Post-war Vietnamese development plan, 551
    • Winning the war, scenarios for, 682, 792
• Rural construction program. See Pacification program/civil operations.
• Rusk, Dean, 21n, 22n, 58n, 129n, 150n, 171n, 228n, 238, 255, 259, 340n, 377n, 387n, 426n, 470n, 492n, 601n, 609n, 627n, 630, 672n, 678, 716, 726, 770n, 842n, 848n, 849n, 853n, 860n, 885n, 890n, 971n
  • ARVN corruption problem, 589
  • Asian Development Task Force, 262n
  • Bombing of DRV:
    • Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL)targets, 378, 412, 438–439, 440, 443, 444, 450–451
    • Restriction on bombing around Hanoi, 968–969
    • Rolling Thunder (RT) 52 program, 599, 618, 813, 817–819
    • Target selection, 128, 310
    • Termination option, 758–762
  • Bombing pause, 24–26, 34, 95, 97n
  • Bombing resumption:
    • Administration discussions, 8–11, 39, 99, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 126–128, 153–155, 164–169, 182–186
    • Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 141, 143, 144
    • French position, 213
    • Resumption on January 31, 192
    • Wise Menʼs opinions, 175, 176, 178, 179–180
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement:
    • Administration discussion re, 324
    • Anti-American propaganda by
    • Buddhists, 304, 312–313
    • Communist influence, 336n
    • Government assault on Buddhists, 386–387, 397
    • Intelligence reports on, 292
    • Kyʼs inflammatory statements, 373
    • Negotiations between government
    • and Buddhists, 325
    • U.S.intervention, proposed, 338
    • U.S.policy re, 286–287, 314–316,
    • 317n, 334–336
  • Bui Diemʼs meeting with, 701–707
  • Chieu Hoi program, 926
  • Chinese intervention in Vietnam, possible, 110, 122–123
  • Congress, Administration strategy for dealing with, 241–244
  • Defection encouragement program:
    • General amnesty proposal, 587
    • National reconciliation program, 640–641, 660, 926
  • Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
    • Administration testimony to Congress re, 40
    • Asian initiative, Thanatʼs proposal
    • for, 539n
    • ICRC initiative, 552–554, 566, 567n
    • Ronning peace initiative, 449
    • Swedish initiative, 829–835, 856–859
    • U.S.-DRV contacts in Burma, 100
    • XYZ initiative, 12
  • DRV intentions and attitudes towardthe war, 721
  • Gromykoʼs meeting with, 662–668
  • Honolulu Conference, 215
    • Johnsonʼs decision to attend, 203–204
    • Johnsonʼs meeting with Ky and Thieu, 228
    • Information policy on Vietnam, 492n
    • Ky, Thieu, and Do, meeting with, 925–928
    • Ky-Thieu government cabinet crisis, 763–764
    • Laos, U.S. bombing in, 166
  • Manila Conference:
    • Administration discussion re, 753, 754
    • Initial scenario for, 653, 655n
  • Marigold peace initiative, 528n, 912n, 933n, 973n
    • Instructions for Gronouski, 898–899, 968–969
    • Instructions for Lodge, 484, 621–622, 838–839
    • Proposal for negotiations by DRV, 467, 471, 472n, 481
  • Military program in Vietnam:
    • Alliesʼ contributions, 828, 845
    • Christmas truce, proposed, 928
    • Defoliation operations, 699, 700n
    • DMZ infiltration routes, focus on, 514
    • Kill counts, 281
    • Naval gunfire against DRV, 689
  • Negotiation issue:
    • “Blue chips” for negotiation, 366n, 371
    • DRV attitude toward negotiations, 146
    • GVN-VC/NLF talks option, 357, 557–561
    • NLF representation, 1, 4n
    • “Secret negotiation of. a total deal” strategy, 856n
    • Soviet influence with DRV, 691
    • U.S. planning for negotiations, 495
  • Pacification program/civil operations:
    • Acceleration effort, 554–555
    • ARVNʼs involvement, 925
    • “Civil czar” position, 302n
    • Economic initiatives, 390
    • Management reorganization, 680, 682n, 713, 798–799, 836–837
    • Police cadres, 391
    • Technical visits, 14–15
  • Peace offensive, 6, 7–8, 20–21, 34, 187
  • Republic of Vietnam:
    • Constitution for, 927
    • Elections, 349, 403–404, 522–525
    • Interim government issue, 350
    • Planning for post-war period, 927
    • Revolutionary committee, 388–389
    • Unity of Vietnamese people, 68
  • Senate hearings on Vietnam, 205, 222, 239–240
  • Soviet de marches on Vietnam, 644
  • Soviet-U.5. discussions on Vietnam, 702
    • Brownʼs intermediary effort, 865–866
    • Meeting with Gromyko in New York, 662–668
  • Thieuʼs meetings with, 65–69, 925–928
  • Thrush operation, 565, 588–589, 657n, 797
  • Tonkin Gulf Resolution, administration policy re, 246
  • U.N. Security Council discussions of Vietnam issue, 184, 185–186, 189–192, 260, 263
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam:
    • Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 38, 121–124
    • Ball groupʼs assessment of options, 360–361
    • Funding for, 25
    • NSC discussion re, 382
    • Ruskʼs explanation for Thieu, 66–67
  • U.S. withdrawal issue, 213
• Rusk, Howard, 415
• Russell, Bertrand, 987
• Russell, Richard B., 37, 142, 144, 168, 262, 265, 267, 410–411, 601n
• Sainteny, Jean, 508–510, 554, 567, 586, 950
• Salisbury, Harrison E., 973–974
• Saltonstall, Leverett, 142, 145
• Saragat, Giuseppe, 471n
• Sato, Eisaku, 539
• Scranton, William W., 884
• Senate, U.S. (see also Congress, U.S.):
  • Hearings on Vietnam, 204–205
    • Administration assessments of, 261–262, 264–265
    • Johnsonʼs assessment of, 220–222
    • Vietnamese interest in, 239–240, 269–270
  • Tonkin Gulf Resolution repeal effort, 184, 239n, 257–258, 261, 265, 267–268
• Sharp, Adm. Ulysses S. Grant, 128, 394n, 396n, 409n, 412, 756n, 930n
  • Bombing of DRV, 780–782
    • Overall U.S. strategy, relation to, 47–52
    • Restriction on bombing around Hanoi, 969–970
    • Westmorelandʼs recommendations, 290–291
  • Bombing resumption, 52
  • Infiltration interdiction system, 639–640
  • Military program in Vietnam:
    • Naval gunfire against DRV, 686
    • Outlook for 1966, 150
  • Troop deployments by U.S.:
    • Force requirements for 1966–67, 564
    • 470, 000 force deployment strategy, 852
    • Stabilized force level, 729n
• Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 24n, 70, 143
• Shelepin, Alexandr N., 8, 9, 21, 24, 38, 90, 94
• Shiina, Etsusaburo, 95, 539
• Sieverts, Frank, 585, 762n, 820
• Sihanouk, Prince Norodom, 468, 662, 705
• Singapore, 846
• Sisco, Joseph J., 22n, 97n, 168, 192n, 548n, 552n, 566, 820
• Slater, Mary, 818n
• Smathers, George A., 259
• Smith, Bromley K., 22, 189, 221n, 228n, 245, 255, 260n, 263n, 280n, 281n, 282n, 287, 290–291, 383, 444, 448n, 557n, 589–590, 754, 777n
• Smith, R.J., 601n
• Sorensen, Theodore, 197
• Southeast Asia, Communist threat to, 365, 382n
• Southeast Asia Coordination Meeting, 150–153
• South Vietnam. See Republic of Vietnam.
• Souvanna Phouma, 89, 111, 153, 154, 172–173, 256
• Soviet Union (see also Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam), 3, 364
  • Asian Peace Offensive proposal, 461–463
  • Bombing resumption, 170
  • China, relations with, 33
  • De marches on Vietnam, 644–646
  • Democratic Republic of Vietnam:
    • Military presence in, 33
    • Relations with, 133, 432, 875
  • Marigold peace initiative, assessment of, 982 Negotiations, influence with DRV re, 330, 691–692
  • Peace offensive, reaction to, 94
  • Settlement in Vietnam, interest in, 878–879
  • U.N. Security Council discussions of Vietnam issue, 190
• Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam, 678
  • Brownʼs intermediary effort, 821–824, 865–866
  • Harrimanʼs trip to Moscow, 404–405
  • Johnson-Gromyko meeting in Washington, 716–721
  • Johnson-Kosygin letters, 906–908, 981–982
  • Rusk-Gromyko meeting in New York, 662–668
  • Ruskʼs assessment of, 702
• Sparkman, John, 221
• Special National Intelligence Estimates:
  • SNIE 10–1–66, 211–212
  • SNIE 13–66, 556
• Springsteen, George S., Jr., 44n
• Starbird, Lt. Gen. Alfred D., 635, 686, 842n, 932
• Steadman, Richard, 820, 842n
• Stearns,Monteagle, 543, 583n, 820
• Stennis, John, 238
• Stevenson, Adlai, 473
• Stewart, Sir Michael 761
• Stilwell Gen. Richard G., 150
• Stoessel, Walter J., 463n
• Stull, Lee, 163
• Sturm, Paul (“George“), 498n, 500, 518,521
  • Elmtree operation, 540–542
  • XYZ initiative, 12–14, 44–47
• Sukhodrev, V. M., 662, 716
• Sullivan, William H., 89, 90, 150, 461–463
• Sutherland, Jack, 75
• Swedish diplomatic initiative, 829–835, 856–859
• Sylvester, Art, 686
• Symington, Stuart, 7, 8, 122–123, 264
• Taft, Robert, 538
• Taiwan, 5, 19, 43, 846
• Tam Chau, 54, 269, 285, 292, 335, 446, 941n
• Tam Giac, 393
• Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 141n, 188–189, 238, 245, 255, 329n, 377n, 387n, 405n, 495n, 577n, 609n
  • Bombing of DRV:
    • Escalation issue, 304–305
    • Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL)targets, 378, 450
    • Target selection, 128
  • Bombing resumption:
    • Administration discussions, 39, 107, 109, 110, 111, 126–128, 183, 184
    • Wise Menʼs opinions, 179
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement:
    • Administration discussion re, 324, 325
    • Onset following Thiʼs removal from command, 282
    • Taylorʼs analysis of U.S. options, 340–344
  • Military program in Vietnam:
    • Kill counts, 281
    • Westmorelandʼs concept of military operations, 607–608
  • Negotiation issue:
    • “Blue chips” for negotiation, 366–369
    • “Cessation of hostilities” issue, 492–494
  • Pacification program/civil operations:
    • Management reorganization, 660n
    • U.S. troopsʼ involvement, 607–608
  • Senate hearings on Vietnam, 205
• Taylor, Gen. Robert, 789n
• Thai. See Vu Van Thai.
• Thailand, 5, 20, 43, 106, 153, 256, 365, 846
• Thanat Khoman, Col., 538–539, 587
• Thang.See Nguyen Due Thang, Gen.
• Thanh (RVN), 479
• Thanom Kittikachorn, Field Marshal, 654, 775
• Thant U, 6, 20, 95, 101, 106, 107, 112, 168, 171, 173, 190, 702–703, 704
  • Marigold peace initiative, 471n
  • Moscow visit, 584
  • Negotiation initiative, 482–483
• Thi. See Nguyen Chanh Thi, Gen.
• Thien Minh, 318, 326, 393
• Thieu. See Nguyen Van Thieu, Gen.
• Tho. See Nguyen Huu Tho.
• Thomas, Maj. Gen. Jack E., 212n
• Thompson, Llewellyn E., Jr., 8, 70n, 463n, 557n, 558n, 657n, 662, 716–717, 761, 890n, 898n, 906n, 914n, 981–982
  • Bombing of DRV, 450, 618
  • Bombing resumption, 108, 109–110, 168, 182
  • GVN-VC/NLF talks option, 548–549, 577–578
  • Marigold peace initiative, 484
• Thomsen, Samuel B., 339
• Thomson, James C., Jr., 26–32
• Thrush operation:
  • High-level officials, focus on, 561–563
  • Termination of State Department involvement, 796–797
  • Thoʼs possible defection, 562–563, 616–617
  • U.S. hopes re, 565, 588–589, 657
• Tieng Vang (newspaper), 309
• Tien Minh, 313
• Tito, Marshal, 5, 68–69
• Tonkin Gulf Resolution:
  • Administration policy re, 239n, 241–242, 246, 257
  • Repeal effort in Senate, 184, 239n, 257–258, 261, 265, 267–268
• Tran Buu Khiem, 202, 207
• Tran Quoc Buu, 373n
• Tran Van Do, 65, 173, 215, 306, 311, 531n, 532n, 545, 586, 656, 692–698, 775
  • Ruskʼs meeting with, 925–928
• Tran Van Don, Gen., 279
• Tran Van Giau, 206
• Tran Van Tuyen, 557n
• Tran Van Van, 766
• Tri. See Nguyen Bao Tri, Gen.
• Tri Quang, 280, 285, 287, 293, 295, 313n, 317, 318, 326, 335, 338–339, 362, 388n, 409, 410, 445, 523, 835, 941
• Trieu (RVN), 296, 701
• Trinh. See Nguyen Duy Trinh.
• Trinh Dinh Thao, 208
• Troop deployments by U.S. (see also Military program in Vietnam), 105, 273
  • Battalion strength increases in 1966, 115
  • Force ceilings, 355, 649
  • Force requirements for 1966–1967, 564–565
  • 470, 000 force deployment strategy, 850–852
  • Impact on military situation, 53–54
  • Gen. Johnsonʼs recommendations, 188
  • McNamaraʼs approved program, 826–827
  • Stabilized force level, 729, 739–740, 744
  • Westmorelandʼs position, 784
• Truman, Harry S, 138, 950
• Truong (RVN), 701
• Truong Thai Ton, 215
• Tubby, Roger W., 566–568
• Turkey, 846–847
• Unger, Leonard S., 14n, 63, 216n, 286n, 340n, 349n, 355, 369n, 373n, 387n, 390n, 394, 403n, 433, 484n, 493n, 532n, 557n, 558n, 580, 599n, 621n, 637n, 640n, 657n, 680n, 836n, 838n, 843n, 856n, 914n
  • ARVN corruption problem, 584
  • Bombing of DRV, 31G–312, 617, 618
  • Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
    • NLF representative in Algiers, U.S. contacts with, 585
    • Swedish initiative, 833, 834, 835, 856–859
  • GVN-VC/NLF talks option, 548–549, 577
  • Marigold peace initiative, 821–822
  • National reconciliation program, 825
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 712, 713, 714, 715
  • Prisoners of war, 585
  • RVN constitution, 825
  • Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam, 824
  • Warrenton meeting on Vietnam, 58–63
• Unified Buddhist Church, 446
• United Kingdom, 364, 949
  • Bombing of DRV, 411–412, 426–428
  • Bombing resumption, 106, 154n, 170–171
  • Peace offensive and, 5, 8, 20
  • U.N. Security Council discussions of Vietnarnissue, 190
• United Nations:
  • Asian Peace Offensive proposal, 461–463
  • Peace offensive and, 6
  • Security Council discussions of Vietnam issue, 184, 185–186, 189–192, 194–195, 196, 260–261, 263
• U.S. domestic situation:
  • Ball groupʼs assessment of, 364
  • Bombing of DRV and, 378
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement and, 394–396, 397
  • Communistsʼ attention to, 602
  • “Hawks and doves” division in debate on Vietnam, 235–237
  • 1967 prognosis, 880–881
  • Public opinion re Vietnam, 17–18, 262, 266, 401, 410–411
• U.S. Intelligence Board, 137–138
• U.S. Mission in Vietnam, problems with, 886, 894–897
• U.S. policy on Vietnam (see also Military program in Vietnam; Pacification program/civil operations):
  • Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 37–38, 121–124, 245, 255–259
  • Administration testimony to Congress, 56–57
  • Ambassadorial change in 1967, 800–801, 850, 883–885
  • Ball groupʼs assessment of options, 355–357, 360–365
  • Colonialism issue, 889–890
  • Congressional attitude toward, 43–44, 464–467
  • Congressional resolution on, 549
  • “Disintegration of NLF” strategy, 651–652
  • Fulbrightʼs assessment of, 598–599
  • Funding of, 25
  • Information policy, 260, 270, 359–360, 383–384, 491–492
  • 1968 U.S. elections and, 963
  • NSC discussion re, 381–383
  • Peace offers, JC5 position re, 741
  • Personnel issues, 888
  • Planning for 1967, 804–805
    • W. Bundyʼs views, 962–966
    • Komerʼs views, 707–711, 867–872, 884n
    • Rostowʼs views, 873–882
    • Strategic Guidelines for 1967 in Vietnam, 922–924
  • Postwar Vietnamese development plan, 551
  • Ruskʼs explanation for Thieu, 66–67
  • “Satisfactory outcome” issue, 18, 692–698
  • Scale-down of personnel and facilities, 579
  • Winning the war, scenarios for, 568–571, 682–684, 792–796
• U.S. withdrawal issue:
  • Ball groupʼs assessment of, 356–357, 363
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement and, 327–328
  • Fortasʼ position, 32–33
  • French position, 213
  • JCS study re, 328nU.S. policy, 73, 228–229
  • Valentiʼs position, 322n
• Valenti, Jack, 7, 11, 21n, 37, 40, 74, 98, 105, 126, 141, 150n, 153, 164, 174, 182, 187n, 188n, 189n, 244, 259n, 260n, 263, 280, 317, 323, 329n, 338n
  • Bombing resumption, 139–140
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement, 320–322
  • Pacification program/civiloperations, 193–194
  • U.S. withdrawal issue, 322n
• Vance, Cyrus R., 74, 76, 216n, 245, 255, 261, 273, 338n, 345, 451, 460, 678, 752n, 873n, 883, 885n, 916
  • Vietnam visit, report on, 336–337
• Vatican, 5
• Vien. See Cao Van Vien, Gen.
• Viet Congo See National Liberation Front.
• Vietnam. See Democratic Republic of Vietnam; Republic of Vietnam.
• VietNam Coordinating Committee, 59
• Vietnam Planning Group, 331n, 493n
• Vinh Lac, Gen., 318
• Vo Long Trieu, 701
• Vo Nguyen Giap, 620, 631, 755
• Vo Van Sung, 12–14, 45
• Vu (DRV), 100–102, 230n
• Vu Van Thai, 226, 311, 391, 580–583, 584
• Walt, Lt. Gen. Lewis W., 263, 319n
• Warrenton meeting on Vietnam, 58–63
• Warsaw Pact, 662
• Wehrle, Leroy S., 43, 233–234, 888
• Werts, Leo, 481
• Westmoreland, Gen. William C., 75, 79, 126, 164, 176, 214, 256, 319n, 399, 544, 554n, 576, 949, 969n
  • Ambassadorship in Saigon, 883
  • Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN):
    • Corruption problem, 410
    • “Improper organization” issue, 930–931
  • Bombing of DRV:
    • Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets, 411, 412
    • Rolling Thunder (RT) 52 program, 916
    • Target selection, 779
    • Westmorelandʼs position, 290–291, 777–779, 784–785
  • Bombing pause, possible resumption of, 579
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement:
    • Anti-American propaganda by
    • Buddhists, 303–304
    • Reestablishment of government authority, 409
    • U.S. domestic situation and, 394, 396n
    • U.S. forces, instructions for, 323n
  • Communist insurgency, 113
  • Honolulu Conference, 215, 218
  • Importance to U.S. effort, 233
  • Infiltration interdiction system, 785, 932
  • Ky-Thieu government, 409–410, 763
  • Laos, U.S. bombing in, 291
  • Lodgeʼs relationship with, 232
  • Manila Conference, 656, 787–789
  • Military program in Vietnam, 474
    • Alliesʼ contributions, 788–789
    • Increased effectiveness of military
    • operations, program for, 216n
    • Naval gunfire against DRV, 686, 687
    • Outlook for military operations in 1966, 150
    • Westmorelandʼs assessment of, 773–774
    • Westmorelandʼs concept of military operations, 603–606
  • Pacification program/civil operations:
    • Acceleration effort, 555n, 609
    • ARVNʼs involvement, 572, 605–606, 785
    • Management reorganization, 41, 84–85, 756, 836, 837
    • Military takeover in 1967, 849, 850n
    • Police cadres, 407
    • Port facilities, 406–407, 479
    • U.S. troopsʼ involvement, 605
  • Prisoners of war, 585
  • Senate hearings on Vietnam, 239
  • Troop deployments by U.S., 105
    • Battalion strength increases in 1966, 115
    • Force requirements for 1966–1967, 564–565
    • 470, 000 troop deployment strategy, 852
    • Stabilized force level, 729n
    • Westmorelandʼs position, 784
• Weyand, Maj. Gen. Frederick C., 757, 849, 951
• Wheeler, Gen. Earle G. (see also Joint Chiefs of Staff), 38, 141n, 189, 238, 245, 255, 261, 264, 265, 564n, 601n, 684n, 752, 842n
  • ARVN “improper organization” issue, 930
  • Bombing of DRV:
    • Achievements of, 177
    • Escalation issue, 305n
    • Interdiction capability, 166, 167
    • Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets, 411, 449–450, 451
    • Restriction on bombing around Hanoi, 968n, 969
    • Rolling Thunder (RT) 52 program, 599n, 756n, 818n, 916
    • Stabilization of, 758
    • Target selection, 177
    • Westmorelandʼs position, 290, 777n
  • Bombing pause, possible resumption of, 579
  • Bombing resumption:
    • Administration discussions, 39, 164–167, 182, 183–184, 185
    • Wise Menʼs opinions, 176–179
  • Buddhist Struggle Movement, 282, 394–396, 409
  • Honolulu Conference, 215
  • Infiltration interdiction system, 932
  • Laos, U.S. bombing in, 165–166
  • Manila Conference, 787
  • Military program in Vietnam:
    • Casualties, 178
    • Inflation in RVN and, 826
    • Kill counts, 281
    • Operation Irving, 753
    • “Sit tight” option, 160n
  • Pacification program/civil operations, 660n, 756–757
  • Troop deployments by U.S., 826
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam, NSC discussion re, 381
• Whiting, Allen, 136n
• Whitlam, Gough, 577
• Wicker, Tom, 98
• Williams, G. Mennen, 6
• Williamson, Gen., 282
• Wilson, Harold, 8, 20, 122, 154n, 186, 411–412, 426, 451n, 539
• Wilson, Col. Jasper, 497
• Wilson, Samuel V., 41, 233, 308, 324, 415–416, 951
• Wise Men, 158–159, 174–181
• Women in military, 78–79
• XYZ initiative, 12–14, 44–47
• Y-Bham Enoul, 31
• Y Binh Aleo, 499
• Yugoslavia,S, 8, 21, 67, 107
• Zablocki, Clement, 124n
• Zinchuk, Alexander, 823–824
• Zorthian, Barry, 42, 59n, 196, 226, 408, 419n, 862, 863, 887, 894, 951, 976