Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume IV,
Vietnam, 1966
Index
- Acheson, Dean G., 158
- African countries, 6
- Agency for International Development (AID), 88, 421, 422, 479–480, 714–715
- Aiken, George D., 37n
,
75
- Air strikes against DRV. See Bombing headings.
-
Akalovsky, Alexander, 117
-
Albert, Carl, 142, 259
- Algeria, 5
- Allen, George W., 628n
-
Alsop, Joseph W., 10, 37, 708
- Ambassadorship in Saigon, 800–801, 850, 883–885
- Anderson, Clinton P., 193
-
Arends, Leslie C., 126, 143, 255
- Anderson, Robert, 126
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), 475
- Chaplainsʼ Corps, 400
- Corruption problem, 410, 582, 584,
589–590
- Day of national recognition for, 446
- Factionalism among commanders, 941
- “Improper organization” issue, 930–931
- Improvement program, 610
-
NLF infiltration of, 386
- Pacification program/civil operations, 475, 476, 536, 555,
571–573,
605–606,
610, 732, 785, 925, 951, 978–980
- Reorganization of, 807
- Asian Development Task Force, 262, 265
- Asian Peace Offensive proposal, 461–463
- Australia, 5, 170–171, 190, 256, 788, 845
- Ayub Khan, Muhammad, 160–163, 259
-
Baldwin, Hanson, 261
-
Ball, George W. (see also
Ball group), 8, 11, 21, 22n
, 74, 95n
, 141n
, 150n
, 238, 245, 255, 274, 280, 355, 372, 493n
, 495n
, 599n
,
677n
- Asian Peace Offensive proposal, 461
- Bombing of DRV:
- Chinese intervention scenario, 129–138
- Escalation issue, 129–132
- Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets, 412,
452
- U.S. image abroad and, 110
- Bombing pause, 97n
, 99n
- Bombing resumption, 100, 108, 109,
110, 111, 112, 155, 168, 182
- Chinese intervention in Vietnam, possible, 110, 129–138
- Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
- Administration testimony to Congress re, 40
-
DRV initiative through
Laotians, 89–91
- U.S.-DRV contacts in
Burma, 228–230
- U.S.-DRV contacts in
Moscow, 70–73, 91
-
XYZ initiative, 44–47
- Honolulu Conference, 214
- Manila Conference, 653, 655n
-
Marigold peace initiative,
467, 470–471, 481, 484–485
- National reconciliation program, 660–661
-
NLF representation at
negotiations, 73
- Pacification program/civil operations, 63, 202, 660
-
Thrush operation, 657
- U.S. policy on Vietnam and Congress, 43–44, 56–57
-
Ball group, 355–357, 360–365
-
Bates, William H., 126, 144
- Baumgardner, Ev, 888
- Be, Maj., 477
- Beech, Keyes, 535–536
-
Bell, David E., 18, 44, 58n
, 59, 254, 276, 390n
,
846
- Honolulu Conference, 215, 219
- Pacification program/civil operations, 43, 389
- Alliesʼ contributions, 88
-
Bellʼs report for
Johnson, 83–88
- Economic initiatives, 85–87
- Management reorganization, 40—41, 63, 84–85
- Port facilities, 42
- Resource allocation, 41, 86–87
- Technical visits, 14, 87
- Refugee situation, 42, 87
- Republic of Vietnam, 41–42, 87, 283
- Senate hearings on Vietnam, 205
-
Black, Eugene, 257, 726
-
Blouin, Rear Adm. F. J., 216n
-
Boggs, Hale, 144, 259
-
Bohlen, Charles E., 44, 497n
, 508–510, 540–542, 950n
-
Bolton, Frances P., 8, 145
- Bombing of DRV:
- Achievements of, 50, 177, 633–634
- B–52 strikes, 311
- Casualties, 430–431
- Chinese intervention scenario, 82, 129–138
- Civilian facilities, strikes against, 898, 951–952
- Controlled armed reconnaissance program, 299–301
- Defensive response by DRV, 300–301
-
DRV position re, 118–119
- Effects of bombing, intelligence reports on, 428–432, 517–518, 614–616, 736–738, 801–804
- Effects of bombing, JCS report on,
789–792
- Escalation issue (see also
Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets
below;
Rolling Thunder (RT) 52 program
below), 129–132, 304–305, 412–413, 599n
, 650–651
-
Ginsburghʼs position, 794–796
-
Ho Chi Minh Trail, focus
on, 359
- Interdiction capability, 114–115, 166,
167, 211–212
- International reaction, 82, 441–442, 443, 804,
861–862
-
JCS recommendations, 80–83
- Mansfieldʼs position, 417
-
Marigold peace initiative
and, 900, 912–913, 917–919, 936–938, 953–955, 959–960
- Militaryʼs unanimous support for, 734n
- Mining of Haiphong harbor, 131
- Morale situation in DRV and, 648
- Overall U.S. strategy, relation to, 47–52
- Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets, 378–379, 385, 411–412, 417–418
- Administration discussions, 437–444, 449–452
- Authorization for attacks, 452n
, 458–460
- Effects of bombing, 614–616
- International reaction, 441–442, 443
-
Rostowʼs position,
331
-
Thieuʼs
assessment of, 453, 455
- U.K. position, 411–412, 426–428
- Political dimension, 78
- Reconstruction efforts by DRV,
431–432
- Restriction on bombing around Hanoi, 733–734, 968–97, 971–973
-
Rolling
Thunder (RT) 52 program,
599–600,
617–618,
742, 756n
- Authorization of, 818n
-
W. Bundyʼs
position, 813–815
-
JCS target
recommendations, 809–812
-
Johnsonʼs preferences, 816–817
-
McNamara-Rusk position, 817–819
-
Rostowʼs position,
812–813
- Sharpʼs position, 782
- Strikes against DRV, 897–898
- Withheld targets, 818n
, 916
- Sharpʼs position, 780–782
- Sortie rate, 152
- Stabilization of, 729–731, 740,
744, 758
- Target selection, 125, 127–128, 152, 177,
300–301,
310–312,
359, 779
- Termination option, 649, 733, 758–762
-
Thaiʼs assessment of, 583
- U.S. domestic situation and, 378
- U.S. image abroad and, 110
-
Westmorelandʼs position,
290–291,
777–779,
784–785
- Bombing pause (see also
Peace offensive), 7
- Campaign issue in U.S., 76
- Extended pause option, 95–97, 99n
-
Harrimanʼs position, 34–35
-
Lodgeʼs assessment of, 195–197
-
McNamaraʼs assessment of,
74–76,
80
- Results in Vietnam, 15–16
- Resumption of, possible, 579, 634
- U.S.-RVN discussions re, 24–26
- U.S. strategy, 22–24
- Vietnamese peopleʼs unawareness of, 226–227
- Bombing resumption, 21
- Administration discussions, 8–11, 39, 98–100, 105–112, 126–128, 153–155, 164–170, 182–186
- Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 141–145
-
Ayubʼs position, 160–163
- Country positions, 106–107
- Diplomatic and political factors affecting, 170–173
- Enclave strategy and, 201
- French position, 106, 213
-
Goldbergʼs position, 22–24
- Implementation procedures, 103–104, 124–125
-
JCS position, 35–36, 39
-
Lodgeʼs position, 16–17
-
McNamaraʼs position, 108
- Militaryʼs unanimous support, 108
- Opposition to, 77–78, 164n
- Resumption on January 31, 192
- Sharpʼs position, 52
- Summary paper on resumption complexities, 139–140
- U.K. position, 154n
- Wise Menʼs opinions, 158–159, 174,
181
- Bouteflika, Abdelaziz, 950n
-
Bow, Frank T., 126, 144
-
Bowles, Chester, 576–577, 846
-
Bradley, Gen. Omar n., 261, 264
- Breakfield, Gen., 537
- Brezhnev, Leonid, 94
-
Brown, George, 758n
, 759,
812, 816, 821–824, 862, 865–866, 898, 974
- Brown, Winthrop G., 785
-
Bruce, David K. E., 426n
, 758n
, 865
- Buddhist self-immolations, 511
- Buddhist Struggle Movement, 941
- Administration discussion re, 323–325
- Anti-American propaganda by Buddhists, 303–304, 312–313
- Buddhist demands, 283–285, 292–293
- Chaos in Vietnam, potential for, 362
- Civilian government issue, 293–294
- Communist influence, 295–296, 336n
- Decline of Buddhist strength, 350–352
- Demonstrations against government, 285–286, 292
- Government assault on Buddhists, 293,
306–308,
318–319,
321, 334n
, 386–388, 391–393, 396–397
- Intelligence reports on, 292–295, 377–378, 380
-
Kyʼs inflammatory
statements, 373
- Negotiations between government and Buddhists, 325–327, 393–394
- Onset following Thiʼs removal from command, 277–280, 282
- Political impact, 296–297, 377–378
- Post-crisis agenda of government, 352–354
- Public attitude toward, 297
- Reestablishment of government authority, 399, 409, 444–446
-
Taylorʼs analysis of
U.S. options, 340–344
-
Thieuʼs assessment of,
453, 454
- U.S. domestic situation and, 394–396, 397
- U.S. forces, instructions for, 323n
- U.S. intervention, proposed, 338–339
- U.S. policy re, 286–287, 314–316, 317,
334–336
- U.S. withdrawal and, 327–328
- Valentiʼs analysis of U.S. options, 320–322
- Buffum, William, 552n
-
Bui Diem, 86, 391–394, 532n
, 545, 557n
, 766, 770
-
Bundy, McGeorge, 9, 14n
, 15n
,
2In, 24n
, 26, 34n
, 38, 40, 55n
, 57n
, 58n
, 74, 83n
, 89n
, 100n
, 125, 141n
, 150n
, 171n
, 189n
, 192n
, 193n
, 192n
, 211n
, 216, 238, 239n
, 245, 263, 274
- Ambassadorship in Saigon, 883
- Bombing resumption:
- Administration discussions, 8–11, 39, 99,
108, 110, 111, 112, 126–128, 154, 155, 164–169, 183, 184, 185
-
Ayubʼs position,
160
- French position, 213
- Implementation procedures, 103–104, 124–125
- Wise Menʼs opinions, 158–159, 174
-
Lodge, assessment of, 231–233
- Military program in Vietnam, 150
- Pacification program/civil operations, 43
- “Civil czar” position, 234–235, 263
- Management reorganization, 63–64
- Organizational structure, 231–235
- Peace offensive, 4–7
- Prisoners of war, 156
- Senate hearings on Vietnam, 261–262
- U.S. withdrawal issue, 213
-
Bundy, William P., 144, 244, 40, 444, 704, 103, 111, 170, 171, 214, 228, 287n
, 288n
, 334n
,
338n
, 355, 386n
, 387n
, 390n
,
493n
, 495n
, 496n
, 497n
, 502n
, 514n
, 522n
, 548n
, 552n
, 566, 621n
, 650n
, 753n
,
758, 763n
, 776, 843n
, 885n
, 897
-
ARVN corruption problem, 584
-
Ball group report, 361n
- Bombing of DRV:
- Overall U.S. strategy, relation to, 52n
- Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets, 443,
452
-
Rolling Thunder
(RT) 52 program, 599–600, 618, 813–815
- Buddhist Struggle Movement, 323, 325–327, 392–393
- Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
- Japanese initiative, 586–587
- Phase A-Phase B peace formula, 658
- Ronning peace initiative, 448–449
- Honolulu Conference, 246–255
- Manila Conference, 652–657
-
Marigold peace initiative,
821
- Military program in Vietnam, allies contributions to, 845–847
- Negotiation issue:
- “Blue chips” for negotiation, 371–372
-
GVN-VC/NLF talks
option, 585–586
- “Package deal” strategy, 964–965
- Three-track approach, 577n
, 586
-
RVN constitution, 825
- Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam, 821, 822, 823–824
- U.S. policy planning for 1967, 962–966
- Bunker, Ellsworth, 828, 883–884
- Burchett, Wilfred, 679n
- Burma, 846
- Burns, James McGregor, 193
-
Byrnes, James F, 950
-
Byroade, Henry A., 100–102, 171, 230n
, 846
-
Califano, Joseph A., Jr., 302n
- Cam Ranh Base, 551
- Cambodia, 490, 663
- Canada, 5, 106, 170, 171
-
Cao Van Vien, Gen.,
303n
, 319, 386n
, 501, 586, 701, 788
- Carver, George A., Jr., 203, 340n
, 355, 562n
, 677n
-
McNamaraʼs report on
Vietnam visit, CIA response to, 742–746
- Pacification program/civil operations:
-
Thrush operation, 797
- Case, Clifford, 122, 124
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (see also
Helms, Richard
M.
; National Intelligence
Estimates;
Raborn, William F, Jr.
), 123
- Bombing of DRV, 428–432, 517–518, 614–616, 736, 744,
801n
- Buddhist Struggle Movement, 377–378, 380
- Defection encouragement program, 637–638
-
DRV intentions and attitudes
toward the war, 530–531
- Infiltration interdiction system, 744
-
McNamaraʼs report on
Vietnam visit, CIA response to, 742–746
- National Liberation Front, penetration
- of, 637–638
- Negotiation issue, 745
- Pacification program/civil operations:
- Peace offensive, 92–94
- Religious project in Vietnam, 380n
-
RVN elections, 369–370
- Southeast Asia, Communist threat to, 382n
-
Thrush operation, 797
- Troop deployments by U.S., 744
- Vietnamese Communistsʼ will to persist, report on, 601–603
- Chadbourn, Philip, 233
- Chau, Col., 477, 507
- Chauvel, Jean Michel Henri, 158
- Chen Yi, 135
- Chieu. See
Pham Xuan Chieu, Gen
.
-
Chieu Hoi program, 15, 31, 55, 62, 197, 224–225, 251, 308, 402, 416, 424, 448, 478, 537, 580, 611, 762, 926
- Chin, 950
- China, Peopleʼs Republic of, 364–365
- Benefits of war in Vietnam, 510, 879
- Democratic Republic of Vietnam:
- Intervention possibility, 110, 116, 122–123, 723
- Bombing of DRV and, 82, 129–138
- Enclave strategy and, 200
-
Marigold peace initiative
and, 528–529
- Negotiations, role in, 148–150
- Peace offensive and, 4, 93
- Southeast Asia, threat to, 153
- Soviet Union, relations with, 33
- China, Republic of. See
Taiwan.
- Chon, Col., 41
-
Christian, George, 452
-
Chuan. See
Nguyen Van Chuan,
Gen
.
-
Church, Frank, 75, 221
- Civil program. See
Pacification program/civil operations.
- Clark, Joseph S., 122
-
Clifford, Clark M., 185, 241, 884
- Co. See
Nguyen Huu Co,
Gen
.
- Cohen,Richard, 756
-
Colby, William E., 59n
, 369n
, 507,
587, 637–638, 677n
- Cold war, 17
- Collins, Brig. Gen. James, 59n
- Commercial Import Program, 398, 479–480
- Communist insurgency, 15, 55
- Army divisions from DRV, 53–54, 196
- Attrition strategy, 727
- Force build-up, 113–114
- Military strategy, 48–49, 151–152
- Morale situation, 76–77
- Supplying of, 114
- Terror campaign, 298, 447–448, 511, 537,
573–574,
805–806,
807
-
Thieuʼs assessment of,
453–454
- Congress, U.S. (see also
Senate, U.S.):
- Administration strategy for dealing with, 238–239, 241–244
- Bombing resumption, 141–145, 164n
- Congressional candidatesʼ visits to Vietnam, 538
- Consultative role re Vietnam, 123–124
- Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation, administration testimony
re, 39–40
- U.S. policy on Vietnam, 43–44, 464–467
- Administration discussions with Congressional leaders,
37–38, 121–124, 245, 255–259
- Administration testimony, 56–57
- Congressional resolution on, 549
- Funding of, 25
- Connally, John, 884
- Cooper, Chester L., 59, 83, 275–276, 584, 587n
, 637–638, 640n
, 726n
, 776, 821, 822–823, 824, 825, 843n
, 964n
- Cooper, J. S., 154
- Cooper, Richard, 59, 83
- Corcoran, Thomas, 326
-
Couve de Murville, Maurice, 20, 702, 704, 821
-
Dang Van Quang, Gen.,
584, 589–590, 765–766, 944
- Dang Van Sung, 512, 533, 626
- Davidson, Daniel, 543, 586, 762n
,
822, 823, 824, 825, 826
- De Besche, Hubert, 829, 856
-
De Gaulle, Charles, 5, 7–8, 20, 213, 508, 586, 702, 821, 928n
, 950
- De Pugh, Ben, 41
- De Silva, Peer, 59n
,
487
-
Dean, Arthur, 158, 175, 176, 180, 265n
- Dean, Sir Patrick, 758–762
- Defection encouragement program (see
also
Chieu Hoi
program;
Elmtree operation;
Thrush operation):
-
CIA activities, 637–638
- General amnesty proposal, 587–588, 638
-
Jordenʼs proposal, 502–504
- National reconciliation program, 640–641, 660–661, 698, 762–763, 825–826, 862–864, 895,
926,
- 929–930, 951
-
Thaiʼs assessment of, 580–581
- Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 428, 614n
, 789n
- Defoliation operations, 699–700
- Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; North
Vietnam) (see also
Bombing of DRV
;
Communist insurgency;
Marigold peace
initiative):
- Asian Peace Offensive proposal, 461–463
- China, relationship with, 54, 133, 432,
556, 875
- Chinese presence in, 290
- Civil defense and evacuation, 632–633
- Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
-
DRV initiative through
Laotians, 89–91, 111, 172–173
- Ronning peace initiative, 288–290
- Swedish initiative, 829–835, 856–859
- U.S.-DRV contacts in
Burma, 100–102, 171, 228–230
- U.S.-DRV contacts in
Moscow, 70–73, 91, 111, 117–121, 172
-
XYZ initiative, 12–14,
44–47
- Economic cooperation issue, 726–727
- Economic situation, 289, 631–633
- Food supply problems, 581–582
- Four Points, 4n
,
13, 72
- Future strategy, 904
- Intentions and attitudes toward the war, 530–531, 721–723
- Long-term plans for Vietnam, 508–509
- Military potential for fighting in South Vietnam, 488–490
- Morale situation, 631, 647–648
- Negotiation issue:
-
DRV attitude toward
negotiations, 146–150, 223
-
DRV intransigence,
Johnsonʼs frustration re, 986–987
- Soviet influence with DRV,
330, 691–692
-
NLF, relationship with, 209–210
- Peace offensive, reaction to, 4–5, 92–93, 192
- Political and psychological campaign in the Free World, 876
- Political situation, 76, 271–272, 631
- Prisoners of war, treatment of, 509
- Salisburyʼs reporting from, 973–974
- Soviet assistance, 133, 432
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 875
- Soviet military presence, 33
- U.S.-RVN infiltration of, 513
- Will to persist, U.S. report on, 601–603
-
Denney, George C., Jr., 146–150, 721–723
-
Diem. See
Bui
Diem
.
- Dillon, C. Douglas, 884
- Dinh, Gen., 377, 389, 392, 396, 410, 445
- Dinh Trinh Chinh, 766
- Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation (see
also
Marigold peace
initiative; Peace offensive; Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam):
- Administration testimony to Congress re, 39–40
- Asian initiative, Thanatʼs
proposal for, 538–539, 587
-
DRV initiative through Laotians,
89–91,
111, 172–173
-
Harrimanʼs talks in Algeria
and Paris, 950
-
ICRC initiative, 552–554, 566–568
- Japanese initiative, 586–587
-
NLF representative in Algiers,
U.S. contacts with, 584–585
- Phase A-Phase B peace formula, 658
- Ronning peace initiative, 287–290, 438,
448–449,
468
- Rumanian initiative, 767–769
- Saintenyʼs visit to Hanoi, 508–510
- Swedish initiative, 829–835, 856–859
-
Thantʼs initiative, 482–483
- U.S.-DRV contacts in Burma, 100–102,
- 171, 228–230
- U.S.-DRV contacts in Moscow, 70–73, 91, 111, 117–121, 172
- U.S.-RVN consensus on, 247
-
XYZ initiative, 12–14, 44–47
-
Dirksen, Everett M., 8, 37, 127, 142, 258
-
Do. See
Tran Van
Do
.
- Dobrynin, Anatoliy F, 111, 158, 180, 662, 716, 761, 906n
, 981–982
-
DʼOrlandi, Giovanni, 756, 821
-
Marigold peace initiative:
- Chinese interference, 528–529
- Clarification of issues of concern to U.S., 754–756
- Proposal for negotiations by DRV, 468–470, 481–482
- Reliability of, 472, 483
- Tripartite talks in Saigon, 525–528, 619–620, 622n
, 642–644, 839–841, 845n
, 890–894, 900–901, 903n
, 912n
- Warsaw-Hanoi relationship, 529
-
RVN elections, 413–415
-
Douglas, Paul, 169, 587
- Du Val, Clive, 538
-
Dulles, Allen W., 176, 179, 180, 181
- Duong Van Minh, Gen., 316
- Eisenhower, Dwight D., 17, 122, 126, 261, 264, 571
-
Elmtree operation:
-
Emrick, Lt. Gen. Paul S., 564n
Enclave strategy,
123, 140, 143, 144, 198–201
- Engel, D. A., 349n
- Fall, Bernard B., 634n
-
Fanfani, Amintore, 468, 471n
, 527, 529, 620
- Faroche, Amb., 470
- Fedorenko, Nikolai, 662
-
Fenoaltea, Sergio, 470–471, 767–769
- Fisk, Shirley, 756
- FitzGerald, Desmond, 369n
-
Ford, Gerald R., 75, 126, 141, 258
-
Fortas, Abe, 32–33, 183, 323
- Foster, John, 635n
,
636, 686
- Foster, William C., 662
-
Fowler, Henry H., 442–443, 452
- France, 702, 704
- Bombing resumption, 106, 213
- Peace offensive and, 5, 20
-
U.N. Security Council discussions
of Vietnam issue, 190
- U.S. withdrawal issue, 213
- Franco, Francisco, 950
-
Freeman, Orville H., 14, 128, 193, 214, 215, 216, 219, 225, 245, 252, 421, 424, 480, 884
- Frei, Eduardo, 10
- Friedman, Alvin, 59n
- Front of All Religions, 523
-
Fulbright, J. William, 8, 56, 122, 126, 127, 128, 140, 143, 144, 154, 221, 238n
, 246, 261, 269, 384, 549, 601n
, 716n
- Brothel statement, 402
-
Harrimanʼs meeting with,
598–599
- Gallopin (ICRC), 566
-
Gandhi, Indira, 492n
, 539, 645
-
Gardner, John W., 193, 214, 215, 245, 251, 252, 282, 424, 884
- Gates, Thomas, 884
-
Gaud, William S., 245, 255, 260, 264, 609n
, 660, 672n
, 714, 836n
, 885n
-
Gavin, Lt. Gen. James M., 123, 140, 198–201, 205, 220, 236–237, 261, 265
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 79–80, 691–692
-
Giap. See
Vo Nguyen
Giap
.
- Gilpatric, Roswell, 883
-
Ginsburgh, Col. Robert, 682–684, 736n
, 792–796
-
Gleysteen, Culver, 12n
-
Goldberg, Arthur J., 10, 11, 21n
, 52n
, 74,
95, 239n
, 255, 584, 586, 662, 719, 951
- Ambassadorship in Saigon, 884
- Bombing of POL targets in DRV, 441–442, 444, 451–452
- Bombing pause, 22–24
- Bombing resumption, 22–24
- Administration discussions, 106–107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 168, 186
- Country positions, 106–107
- Wise Menʼs opinions, 176, 178, 181
-
DRV intransigence,
Johnsonʼs frustration re, 986–987
-
ICRC diplomatic initiative, 552, 566
-
Marigold peace initiative,
471n
- Peace offensive, 6, 20, 187
- Phase A-Phase B peace formula, 658
-
U.N. Security Council discussions
of Vietnam issue, 186, 189–190, 192n
, 194
- Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 891, 893
-
Gonard, Samuel, 553, 566–568
-
Goodpaster, Lt. Gen. Andrew J.,
216n
, 264, 280, 282, 305n
, 484n
, 789n
-
Gore, Albert, 222
- Gottlieb, Sanford, 156
- Goure, Leon, 76–77,
502n
, 550n
, 551
- Greece, 847, 950
-
Greene, Gen. Wallace M., Jr., 188, 263, 451
- Greenhill, Denis A., 866
-
Gromyko, Andrei A., 21, 95, 645, 759, 760
-
Brownʼs meetings with, 865, 866
-
Johnson-Gromyko meeting in Washington, 716–721
-
Rusk-Gromyko meeting in New York, 662–668
-
Gronouski, John A., 91, 898
-
Marigold peace initiative:
- Instructions for, 898, 905, 909, 914, 917, 952n
, 968
- Talks with Rapacki talks in Warsaw, 899n
, 902–904, 905n
, 912–913, 917–921, 933–938, 952–957, 958–961, 966–967, 971–973, 983–986
-
Gullion, Edmund, 12n
- Ha Van Lao, 448n
-
Habib, Philip C., 59n
, 65, 233, 387n
, 545, 547, 862, 888, 976
- Haiphong harbor, mining, 131
-
Hammarskjold, Dag, 196
-
Harkins, Gen. Paul D., 232
-
Harriman, W. Averell, 5, 8, 9, 10, 38,
44, 67, 68–69, 88, 90, 98, 141n
, 216, 243, 258, 484n
, 522n
, 552n
, 557n
, 558n
, 577n
, 621n
, 678–679, 726–727, 776, 789, 843n
- Ambassadorship in Saigon, 884
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam, NLF infiltration of, 386
- Bombing of DRV, 385, 861–862
- Bombing pause, 34–35
- Bombing resumption, 107, 168
-
Chieu Hoi program, 580
- Defection encouragement program, 587–588, 637, 825
- Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
- Asian initiative, Thanatʼs proposal for, 587
-
Harrimanʼs talks in
Algeria and Paris, 950
-
ICRC initiative, 566
-
NLF representative in
Algiers, U.S. contacts with, 584–585
-
Fulbrightʼs meeting with,
598–599
- Honolulu Conference, 215
-
Kissingerʼs meeting with,
543–548
- Manila Conference, 820–821, 860
-
Marigold peace initiative,
821, 822
- Negotiation issue, 548–549, 691–692
- Peace offensive, 34–35
- Post-Manila trip, report on, 860–862
- Prisoners of war, 585
- Republic of Vietnam:
- Coalition government issue, 385
- Constitution for, 824–825
- Soviet-U.5. discussions on Vietnam:
-
Brownʼs intermediary
effort, 821, 822, 823
-
Harrimanʼs trip to
Moscow, 404–405
-
Thaiʼs meeting with, 580–583, 584
- Hart, Wilson, 887
- Hatfield, Mark, 185
-
Hayden, Carl, 145
- Hbay Mon, 563
- Heintges, John A., 757
-
Helble, John J., 325n
, 403n
-
Helms, Richard M.,
37, 46, 108, 238, 245, 255, 260n
, 338n
, 377n
, 387n
, 443, 515, 530n
, 548, 562n
, 601n
, 672n
,
836n
, 904
- Bombing of DRV, 452
- Buddhist Struggle Movement, 282
-
Ky-Thieu government cabinet crisis,
765
-
McNamaraʼs report on
Vietnam visit, CIA response to, 742
- National Liberation Front, 205–210
- Pacification program/civil operations:
- Republic of Vietnam, 628–630
-
Thrush operation, 797
- Hertz, Gustav, 156, 309
- Hichens-Bergstrom, R., 830–831, 834, 856
-
Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 8, 57, 122, 127, 144, 264
-
Ho Chi Minh, 50, 76, 122, 187, 229, 290, 454, 503n
,
508, 509, 581, 619n
, 805, 926
-
Ho Giac, 286
- Hoang Quynh, 523, 625
-
Hoang Xuan Lam,
Gen., 512, 545
- Holbrooke, Richard, 885–890
-
Holt, Harold, 654, 656, 775, 788
-
Holyoake, Keith, 5, 654, 775, 788
- Honey, P. J., 76
- Honolulu Conference:
- Ally governments informed about, 214
-
Johnsonʼs assessment of, 218–219
-
Johnsonʼs decision to attend, 203–204
-
Johnsonʼs meeting with Ky and Thieu, 227–228
Johnsonʼs public statement on, 214n
- Record of conclusions and decisions
- for further actions, 246–255
- Summary of proceedings, 215
- Valentiʼs suggestion for, 193–194
- Vietnamese publicʼs perception of, 223–224
-
Hornig, Donald F, 193
-
Hughes, Thomas L., 192, 292–295, 548n
,
- 599n, 630–633, 644–646, 658, 820
-
Humphrey, Hubert H., 5, 6n
, 7n
, 9, 21n
, 111, 128, 144, 189, 696, 752, 916
- Asian Development Task Force, 265
- Asian trip, 215–216, 224, 255n
, 256–257
- Bombing of POL targets in DRV, 441,
442, 451
- Bombing resumption, 177, 178, 179,
181
- Buddhist Struggle Movement, 323, 324, 334n
- Peace offensive, 19–20
- Tonkin Gulf Resolution repeal effort, 265
- U.S. policy on Vietnam, administration discussions with
Congressional leaders re, 245, 256–259
- Hungary, 5
- Huynh Tan Phat, 202, 207, 501
- Huynh Van Tam, 156–157, 208
- India, 107, 256,
259, 846, 861
- Indonesia, 365, 382, 828
- Infiltration interdiction system, 729, 744, 878
- Description of, 636–637
- Installation of, 842
-
JCS position, 639–640, 740
-
McNamaraʼs order for, 635–636
-
McNamaraʼs rationale for,
932
-
RVN interest in, 695
- Scientistsʼ recommendation, 455–457
- Sharpʼs position, 639–640
-
Westmorelandʼs position,
785
- Information policy on Vietnam, 260, 270, 359–360, 383–384, 491–492
- Institute for Defense Analysisʼ “Summer Study Group,” 736–738
- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 156–157, 552–554, 566–568
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 283
- Iran, 846
- Isham, Heywood, 829, 843n
- Italy, 20, 106
- Jacobson, George, 888
-
Janczewski, Zbigniew, 912, 917, 933, 936, 971
- Japan, 5, 19, 20, 34, 35, 171, 364, 53, 586–587, 845
-
Javits, Jacob K., 395
-
Jenkins, Walter E., Jr., 899, 973
- Jha, L. K., 861n
-
Johnson, Gen. Harold
K., 187–188, 439–440, 441, 443, 451, 585, 850n
-
Johnson, Lyndon B., 13, 21n
, 22n
, 24n
, 52n
, 100n
, 150n
, 171n
, 239n
, 329, 350n
, 357, 387n
, 453n
, 508n
,
511n
, 530n
, 540n
, 556n
, 601n
, 627n
, 650n
, 657n
, 678, 682n
, 711n
, 726, 738n
, 752,
860n
, 890n
, 931n
, 948
-
ARVN corruption problem, 589
- Asian Development Task Force, 262,
265
- Asian trip, 753, 763n
, 776
- Bombing of DRV:
- Achievements of, 177, 633
- Chinese intervention scenario, 129
- Effects of bombing in 1965, 428n
- Escalation issue, 304, 305n
- Interdiction capability, 166
- Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets, 378,
412, 417–418, 426–428, 437–438, 440, 442, 443, 449–452, 458–460
- Restriction on bombing around Hanoi, 968n
-
Rolling Thunder
(RT) 52 program, 618, 756n
, 812, 816–817, 818n
, 916
- Target selection, 127
- Termination option, 649
-
Westmorelandʼs
position, 290, 777
- Bombing pause:
- Campaign issue in U.S., 76
-
Harrimanʼs
position, 34
-
McNamaraʼs
assessment of, 74–76, 80
- Resumption of, possible, 579
- Bombing resumption:
- Administration discussions, 8–11, 39, 98–100, 105–112, 126–128, 154–155, 164–170, 182–186
- Administration discussions with Congressional leaders,
141, 143, 144, 145
-
Ayubʼs position,
160
- French position, 213
- Implementation procedures, 103, 124
- Opposition to, 77–78
- Resumption on January 31, 192
- Summary paper on complexities, 139
- Wise Menʼs opinions, 158, 174–175, 176–181
- Buddhist Struggle Movement:
- Administration discussion re, 323–325
- Anti-American propaganda by Buddhists, 303–304
- Communist influence, 336n
- Government assault on Buddhists, 396–397
- Onset following Thiʼs removal from command, 279, 282
-
Taylorʼs
analysis of U.S. options, 340
- U.S. policy re, 287, 314, 317
- Valentiʼs analysis of U.S. options, 320
-
Chieu Hoi program, 251
- Chinese intervention in Vietnam, 129
- Congress, administration strategy for dealing with, 238, 241–244
- Defection encouragement program, 587,
660
- Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 647,
904
- Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
- Administration testimony to Congress re, 39–40
- Asian initiative, Thanatʼs proposal for, 539n
-
DRV initiative through
Laotians, 89
-
ICRC initiative, 552n
- Phase A-Phase B peace formula, 658
- Ronning peace initiative, 287
-
Elmtree operation, 497, 499–500
- Honolulu Conference, 203–204, 215,
218–219
- Meeting with Ky and
Thieu, 227–228 J
- Public statement on, 214n
- Infiltration interdiction system, 842,
932
- Information policy on Vietnam, 383,
491
-
Kosygin, letter to, 906–908
-
Ky, attitude toward, 218–219
-
KY and Thieu, meetings with, 227–228, 770–775
-
Ky-Thieu government, 255, 531,
774:
- Leonhartʼs Vietnam visits, reports on, 405, 609, 974
- Lodgeʼs weekly reports. See under
Lodge, Henry
Cabot
.
- Manila Conference, 783, 787
- Administration discussions re, 754
- Initial scenario for, 653,
655n
-
Ky and Thieu, meeting with, 770–775
- U.S. desired results, 690
-
Marigold peace initiative,
983
- Instructions for Lodge, 484n
-
Johnsonʼs attitude toward, 973n
- Proposal for negotiations by DRV, 467, 471, 473, 481
-
McNamara mission to
Vietnam, 727
- Military program in Vietnam:
- Alliesʼ contributions, 79–80, 828
- Casualties, 178
- Costs of, 786
- Kill counts, 272–273, 281
-
Lodgeʼs assessment
of, 57
- Naval gunfire against DRV,
686n
- Outlook for military operations in 1966, 112, 150
- Reserve call-up issue, 273–274
- “Split up and keep off balance” strategy, 805
Westmorelandʼs
assessment of, 773–774
-
Westmorelandʼs
concept of military operations, 603, 607
- Womenʼs involvement, 78–79
- Negotiation issue:
- “Blue chips” for negotiation, 366
- “Cessation of hostilities” issue, 492
-
DRV illusions about, 223
-
DRV intransigence,
frustration re, 986–987
- Mansfieldʼs recommendations, 724
- “Secret negotiation of a total deal” strategy, 853
- Soviet influence with DRV,
691
- U.S. planning for negotiations, 495
- Negotiations Committee, 548n
- Non-group on Vietnam, formation of, 677, 678n
- Pacification program/civil operations, 389
- Acceleration effort, 554n
-
Bellʼs report for
Johnson, 83
- “Civil czar” position, 260,
263, 274, 302–303
- Economic initiatives, 398
-
Katzenbachʼs
assessment of, 746
-
Komerʼs assessment
and recommendations, 419
-
Komerʼs Vietnam
visit, report on, 474
- Management reorganization, 63,
64n
,
613, 614n
, 659, 710n
, 712, 713, 756–75, 798n
, 848–849
- Medical program, 282
- Military takeover in 1967, 849
- Obstacles to, 374
- Organizational structure, 231,
235n
- Prioritization of programs, 344
- Technical visits, 14
- Valentiʼs suggestions, 193,
194
- Peace offensive, 4, 7–8, 21–22, 34, 187
- Republic of Vietnam:
- Constitution for, 251
- Economic situation, 283
- Refugee situation, 250
- “Showcase” for U.S. capabilities, 245–246
- Senate hearings on Vietnam, 205, 220–222, 261, 264–265
- Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam:
-
Harrimanʼs trip to
Moscow, 404
- Letter to Kosygin,
906–908
- Meeting with Gromyko in Washfngton, 716–721
- State of the Union message, 56n
-
Thrush operation, 617n
, 797
- Tonkin Gulf Resolution:
- Troop deployments by U.S., 273
- Force ceilings, 649
-
470,000 force deployment strategy,
850
-
Gen. Johnsonʼs recommendations, 188
-
U.N. Security Council discussions
of Vietnam issue, 186, 189, 192n
, 261
- U.S. domestic situation:
- “Hawks and doves” division in debate on Vietnam, 235
- Public opinion re Vietnam, 410–411
- U.S. Mission in Vietnam, problems with, 894, 897n
- U.S. policy on Vietnam:
- Administration discussions with Congressional leaders,
37–38, 121, 255–259
- Administration testimony to Congress, 56–57
- Ambassadorial change in 1967, 800, 883
-
Ball groupʼs
assessment of options, 355, 360
- Congressional attitude toward, 44, 464
-
NSC discussion re, 381, 382–383
- Planning for 1967, 707, 804–805, 873, 922n
- Scale-down of personnel and facilities, 579
- U.S. withdrawal issue, 32, 213, 322n
-
Vanceʼs Vietnam visit,
report on, 336
-
Wilson, communications with, 426–428, 451n
-
Johnson, U. Alexis, 24n
, 40, 214n
, 218, 274, 286n
, 304, 312n
, 338n
, 372, 387n
, 470n
, 495n
, 514n
, 540n
, 542n
, 557n
, 558n
, 577n
, 599n
, 621n
, 657n
, 883
-
ARVN corruption problem, 584
- Bombing of DRV, 618
-
Elmtree operation, 497–502, 518–522
-
GVN-VC/NLF talks option,
548–549
- Honolulu Conference, 227
-
Marigold peace initiative,
484
- Pacification program/civil operations, 202, 203, 680–682
- Senate hearings on Vietnam, 220–222
- Johnson, W. Thomas, 579
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS),
8
- Bombing of DRV:
- Chinese intervention issue, 82
- Controlled armed reconnaissance program, 299–300
- Defensive response by DRV,
300–301
- Effects of bombing, JCS
report on, 789–792
- International reaction, 82
-
JCS recommendations, 80–83
- Overall U.S. strategy, relation to, 47
- Restriction on bombing around
- Hanoi, 968n
-
Rolling Thunder
(RT) 52 program, 599n
, 618, 742, 809–812
- Sharpʼs position, 780
- Stabilization of, 740
- Target selection, 300–301
- Bombing resumption, 8, 35–36, 39
- Chinese intervention in Vietnam, possible, 82, 132, 200
- Infiltration interdiction system, 639–640, 740
-
McNamaraʼs report of
Vietnam visit, response to, 738–742
- Military program in Vietnam:
- Defoliation operations, 700
- Enclave strategy, 198–201
- “Indefinitely maintained military posture” proposal, 738–742
-
JCS assessment of, 738–739
- Naval gunfire against DRV,
686, 687
- Outlook for military operations in 1966, 117n
- “Sharp knocks” strategy, 741–742
- Negotiation issue, 740–741
- Pacification program/civil operations:
- Management reorganization, 660, 740
- “Program for the Pacification and Long-Term Development of
South Vietnam” (PROVN), 591–592
- Peace offers, position re, 741
- Troop deployments by U.S.:
- Force requirements for 1966–1967, 564n
-
McNamaraʼs
approved program, 827n
- Stabilized force level, 739–740
- U.S. withdrawal issue, 328n
- Jones, Boisfeullot, 87
-
Jorden, William J., 387n
, 389, 502–504,
- 532n, 550, 558n
, 640n
, 653
- Jorgensen, Gordon, 59n
- Just, Ward, 747
-
Katzenbach, Nicholas deB., 484n
, 548n
, 618, 684n
, 707n
, 711n
,
735, 753, 762n
, 763n
, 798n
, 813n
, 842n
, 853n
, 873n
, 883, 885n
, 898n
, 916, 922n
, 964n
-
Marigold peace initiative,
472n
, 933n
- Non-group on Vietnam, formation of, 677–678
- Pacification program/civil operations, 746–752
-
ARVNʼs involvement, 951
- Romanian diplomatic initiative, 767–769
- Soviet influence with DRV
re negotiations, 692n
- Kaul, T. N., 861n
- Kemal Pasha, Mustafa, 163
-
Kennan, George F, 205, 220, 236–237, 261–262
- Kennedy, Edward M., 77
-
Kennedy, Robert F, 77, 169, 238, 240, 241, 243, 245, 269, 309
- Kent, Sherman, 765–767, 904
-
Keppel, Francis, 87
- Kha (RVN), 701
- Khang. See
Le Nguyen Khang, Gen.
-
Khanh. See
Nguyen Khanh,
Gen
.
- Kidd, Dr., 481
- Kintner, Robert, 916
-
Kissinger, Henry, 147, 532n
, 543–548,
- 557n, 559, 585–586, 686, 762n
, 825
-
Kistiakowsky, George B., 455–457, 635n
, 636
-
Kohler, Foy D., 70n
, 91, 95, 111, 117–121, 172, 662, 906
-
Komer, Robert W., 245, 255, 265, 304n
, 377n
, 387n
,
390, 454, 515, 536n
, 568n
, 609n
,
613n
, 684n
, 770n
, 836n
, 848n
, 873n
- Asian Development Task Force, 262n
- Bombing of DRY, 650–651
- Buddhist Struggle Movement, 279–280
-
Chieu Hoi program, 424, 478
- Holbrookeʼs report on Vietnam visit, 885
- Military program in Vietnam, assessment of, 346, 868
- Negotiation issue, 650–652
- Non-group on Vietnam, formation of, 678
- Pacification program/civil operations, 389, 419–425
- Agricultural program, 424
- “Civil czar” position, 274,
302–303
- Commercial Import Program, 398, 479–480
- Coordination of civil and military efforts, 422, 478–479
- Deputy Ambassadorʼs authority, 422, 423–424
- Economic initiatives, 398,
420–421, 479–480
- Forestry program, 424
-
4-area priority pacification
effort, 478
- Funding for, 424–425
- Land reform, 478
- Management reorganization, 421–422, 660, 672–677, 713n
, 714, 798
- Medical program, 282
- Military takeover in 1967, 849–850
- Obstacles to, 374–375
- Personnel issues, 346, 481
- Police cadres, 423, 477–478
- Port facilities, 479
- Press relations, 481
- Prioritization of programs, 344–346, 375–376
- “Program for the Pacification and Long-Term Development of
South Vietnam” (PROVN), 592n
- Resource control and economic warfare, 424, 480
- Revolutionary development effort, 421, 4, 3, 475–479
- Rice collection, 480
- Stagnation of, 554n
- U.S. district-level advisory role, 423
-
RVN elections, 376
- U.S. policy on Vietnam:
- Vietnam visit, report on, 474–481
- Korea, Republic of, 19–20, 256, 257, 535, 845
- Korean war, 3, 110,
136, 138, 162
-
Koren, Henry L. T., 475, 894
-
Kosygin, Alexei N., 24n
, 70, 111, 161, 645, 865–866, 928
-
Kraft, Joseph, 103, 208, 243
- Krimer, William D., 662
-
Krulak, Lt. Gen. Victor H., 476, 544, 592n
-
Kuchel, Thomas H., 258
-
Ky. See
Nguyen Cao
Ky
, Air Vice Marshal.
-
Ky-Thieu government (See
also
Buddhist Struggle Movement), 59
- Cabinet crisis, 701, 763–767, 774
- Civilian members, 409–410, 582–583
- Constituent Assembly, relations with, 945–946Continuity of, 943
- Demonstrations against, 225
- First anniversary, 446
- Internal stability, 26–27, 944
-
Kyʼs reelection bid in 1967,
531–532
- Overthrow possibility, 197–198, 946
- Public relations program, 254–255
- La Thanh Nghe, 533, 626
- La Van Liem, 563
- Lake, William, 640n
-
Lam. See
Hoang Xuan Lam,
Gen
.
-
Lansdale, Edward G., 43, 59n
, 271, 272, 534–535, 547, 873n
, 886n
- Laos, 43, 256, 258–259, 666
- Lathram, Wade, 887
- Latin American countries, 5–6, 20, 106
- Lausche,Frank, 122
- Le Chang, 117–121
- Le Duan, 76, 581
- Le Nguyen Khang, Gen., 766, 863, 944
- Le Van Hoach, 501
-
Le Van Truong (“Mr.
Out”), 498–500, 501, 518, 521, 540–542
- Lee, Philip, 87
- Leonard, James, 40n
-
Leonhart, William K., 302, 419n
, 507, 885n
-
Lewandowski, Januscz:
-
Marigold peace initiative:
- Chinese interference, 528–529
- Clarification of issues of concern to U.S., 754–756
- Leaks re, 985n
- Proposal for negotiations by DRV, 468–470, 482
- Tripartite talks in Saigon, 525–528, 619–620, 622n
, 642–644, 839–841, 845n
, 890–894, 900–901, 903n
, 912n
- Liao Cheng-chih, 135
- Lin Piao, Marshal, 594
-
Lippmann, Walter, 37, 44, 140, 258, 458
-
Loan. See
Nguyen Ngoc Loan,
Gen
.
-
Lodge, Henry Cabot,
58n
, 67, 258, 345, 387n
, 502n
, 577n
,
770n
- Ambassadorship, handling of, 231–233, 800–801, 894–896
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), 400, 584, 589–590, 807
-
Bell, attitude toward, 18
- Bombing of DRV, 412–413, 453, 455
- Bombing pause, 15–16, 22, 24, 195–197
- Bombing resumption, 16–17, 22, 108, 184
- Buddhist Struggle Movement, 335n
- Anti-American propaganda by Buddhists, 312, 313n
- Buddhist demands, 283–285
- Communist influence, 295–296, 336n
- Demonstrations against government, 285–286 Government
assault on Buddhists, 318–319, 397
- Government policy re, 306–308
- Onset following Thiʼs removal from command, 277–280
- Political impact, 296–297
- Post-crisis agenda of government, 352–354
Reestablishment of government authority, 399, 409n
, 444–446
-
Thieuʼs
assessment of, 453, 454
- U.S. forces, instructions for, 323n
- U.S. policy re, 317n
, 334
-
McG. Bundyʼs assessment of,
231–233
-
Chieu Hoi program, 55, 197, 224–225, 308, 402,
416, 448, 537
- Communist insurgency, 55
- Congressional candidatesʼ visits to Vietnam, 538
- Defection encouragement program:
- Departure from Vietnam, desire for, 884
-
DRV political situation, 271–272
- Honolulu Conference, 215, 223–224
- Infiltration interdiction system, 695
- Information policy on Vietnam, 270
-
Ky-Thieu government:
-
Marigold peace initiative:
- Chinese interference, 528–529
- Clarification of issues of concern to U.S., 754–756
-
DʼOrlandiʼs
reliability, 472, 483
- Instructions for Lodge, 484n
, 621, 838, 843 Kyʼs involvement, 485n
- Leaks re, 985n
- Proposal for negotiations by DRV, 467–470, 471–472, 481–482
- Tripartite talks in Saigon, 525–528, 619–620, 622n
, 642–644, 839–841, 845n
, 890–894, 900–901, 903n
, 912n
- Warsaw-Hanoi relationship, 529
- Military program in Vietnam, 57–58, 226–227 Battles, 413
- Beechʼs assessment of, 535–536
- Casualties, 400, 447, 537, 573–574, 627–628
- Civilian casualties, 298–299
- Infiltration of DRV, 513
- Kill counts, 413, 447, 627, 628
- Outlook for military operations in 1966, 150
- “Split up and keep off balance” strategy, 805–808
- Negotiation issue:
- Pacification program/civil operations, 58, 226, 389
- Acceleration effort, 554, 555n
, 609
-
ARVNʼs involvement, 571–573, 951
- Education program, 416
- Long An Province effort, 626
- Management reorganization, 41,
85, 714, 798, 799n
, 836, 848
- Obstacles to, 374
- Political warfare, 203
- Port facilities, 479
- Revolutionary development effort, 270–271, 401, 515–516
- Stagnation of, 536
- Technical visits, 14, 87
- Youth activities, 538
- Press relations, 481
- Republic of Vietnam:
- Binh Thuan Province situation, 415–416
- Coalition government issue, 269
- Constitution for, 307–308, 326n
- Economic situation, 18–19, 55,
225–226, 271, 297, 308, 402, 415, 513, 537, 576, 626–627 Elections,
346, 352, 370n
, 400–401, 413–415, 446–447, 512, 522, 533–535, 574–576, 623–626
- National Political Congress, 350–351
- Paraplegic veterans, 415
- Political situation, 699
-
PX/commissary outlets for
civil service and military use, 576
- Senate hearings on Vietnam, 239, 240n
, 269–270
-
Thantʼs diplomatic
initiative, 482–483
-
Thrush operation:
- Troop deployments by U.S., 53–54
-
U.N. Security Council discussions
of Vietnam issue, 196
- U.S. policy on Vietnam (see also
Weekly reports
below):
-
NSC discussion, 382
- “Satisfactory outcome” issue, 18, 692–698
- Winning the war, scenarios for, 568–571
- U.S. public opinion re Vietnam, 17–18, 401
- Weekly reports, 15–19, 53–55, 195–198, 223–227, 269–272, 285–286, 295–299, 306–309, 399–402, 412–416, 444–448, 533–538, 568–577, 623–628, 701
-
Westmorelandʼs
relationship with, 232
- Year-end summary of Vietnam situation, 948–950
-
Long, Russell B., 145, 259, 267n
-
Lovett, Robert A., 158
-
Lucet, Charles E., 213
-
Lynd, Staughton, 40, 46
- MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 110, 138
- MacArthur, Douglas, II, 883
- MacDonald, Donald, 887
-
Mahon, George H., 126, 144–145
- Mai Tho Truyen, 285, 523
-
Mai Van Bo, 12, 13, 44–47, 521
- Malaysia, 705, 846
- Manaʼch, Etienne, 950
- Manescu, Corneliu, 768
- Manila Conference, 679, 726
- Administration discussion re, 753–754
- Country reactions, 820–821, 860
- Initial scenario for, 652–657
-
Johnsonʼs meeting with Ky and Thieu, 770–775
-
McNaughtonʼs report, 782–786
- Summary of proceedings, 775–776
- U.S.ʼs desired results, 690
-
Westmorelandʼs report,
787–789
-
Mann, Charles A., 41, 59n
, 85, 233–234, 479
- Mansfield, Mike, 8, 37, 56, 75,
121, 126, 141–142, 154, 238n
, 267–268, 417–418, 464, 601n
, 724–725
- Mao Ze-dong, 879
-
Marcos, Ferdinand, 19, 257, 654, 656, 769, 775
-
Marigold peace
initiative, 821–822
- Bombing of DRV and, 900, 912–913, 917–919, 936–938, 953–955, 959–960
- Bombing restrictions around Hanoi and, 968–969, 971–973
- Chinese interference, 528–529
- Clarification of issues of concern to U.S., 754–756
-
DʼOrlandiʼs reliability,
472, 483
-
Gronouski-Rapacki talks in Warsaw, 899n
, 902–904, 905n
, 912–913, 917–921, 933–938, 958–961, 966–967, 971–973, 983–986
-
Gronouskiʼs presentation in
effort to salvage talks, 952–957
- Instructions for Gronouski, 898–899, 905,
909–911,
914–916,
917, 952n
, 968–969
- Instructions for Lodge,
484–485,
621–622,
838–839,
843–845
-
Johnsonʼs attitude toward, 973n
-
Kyʼs involvement, 485n
- Leaks re, 985n
-
NLF and, 901
- Proposal for negotiations by DRV,
467–473,
481–482
-
Ruskʼs attitude-toward, 973n
- Soviet assessment of, 982
- Ten Point summary of U.S. policy, 891–892, 900, 905,
909–911
- Termination of 936–938, 958–961, 983–986
- Tripartite talks in Saigon, 525–528, 619–620, 622n
, 642–644, 839–841, 845n
, 890–894, 900–901, 903n
, 912n
- U.S.-DRV contacts in Warsaw,
proposed, 893, 900, 905n
, 909–911, 914–916
- Warsaw-Hanoi relationship, 529
-
Marks, Leonard H., 20, 196, 255, 260, 262, 263, 280, 281, 443, 452, 660, 672n
, 836n
- Marlowe, Stanley, 59n
-
Martin, Graham A., 150, 538–539, 846
- Martin, Paue 448n, 449,
971n
- Martin, William McChesney, 473
- Maynard, Len, 888
-
McBride, Robert H., 12–14, 46, 521, 542n
-
McCafferty, Arthur, 303n
, 796
-
McCarthy, Eugene J., 123, 188, 264
-
McCloy, John J., 158, 175, 179, 180
-
McConaughy, Walter P., 160–163
-
McConnell, Gen. John P., 188, 189, 451
-
McCormack, John W., 8, 141, 257
-
McDonald, Adm. David L., 188, 451, 897
- McGhee, Gale, 267n
-
McGovern, George 5., 75, 99, 140
- McKillop, David, 829
-
McNamara, Robert S. (see also
McNamara mission
to Vietnam), 13, 21n
, 37,
40, 58n
, 83n
, 150, 188, 189, 255, 261, 264, 340n
,
377n
, 386n
, 387n
, 426n
, 492n
, 554n
, 579, 601n
, 609n
, 711n
,
719, 752, 758n
, 780n
, 836n
, 848n
, 849n
, 885n
, 914n
, 916, 917
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam, NLF infiltration of, 386
- Bombing of DRV:
- Civilian facilities, strikes against, 951–952 Controlled armed reconnaissance program, 299 Interdiction capability, 114–115
-
JCS recommendations, 80
- Militaryʼs unanimous support for, 734n
- Petroleum, oil and lubricant (POL) targets, 385,
411, 412, 439, 440, 441, 442, 444, 449, 450, 451, 458–460 Political
dimension, 78
- Restriction on bombing around Hanoi, 733–374, 968n
-
Rolling Thunder
(RT) 52 program, 599n
, 618, 809, 817–819
- Stabilization of, 729–731
- Target selection, 127
- Termination option, 649, 733
- Bombing pause:
- Campaign issue in U.S., 76
-
McNamaraʼs
assessment for Johnson, 74–76,
80
- Resumption of, proposed, 634n
- Bombing resumption, 21
- Administration discussions, 8–11, 39, 100, 105, 107, 108, 109, 126–128, 154–155, 165–170, 182, 183, 184, 185
- Administration discussions with Congressional leaders,
141, 143
-
JCS position, 35
-
McNamaraʼs
position, 108
- Opposition to, 77–78
- Wise Menʼs opinions, 174–176
- Buddhist Struggle Movement:
- Administration discussion re, 324
- Communist influence, 336n
- Onset following Thiʼs removal from command, 282
- U.S. intervention, proposed, 338
- U.S. policy re, 317, 334n
- Chinese intervention in Vietnam, possible, 116
- Communist insurgency, 76–77, 113–114:
- Congress, Administration strategy for dealing with, 238
- Honolulu Conference, 215
- Infiltration interdiction system, 729
- Installation of, 842
-
JCS position, 639
-
McNamaraʼs order
for, 635–636
-
McNamaraʼs
rationale for, 932
- Scientistsʼ recommendation, 455
- Information policy on Vietnam, 492n
-
Ky-Thieu government cabinet crisis,
763–764
- Laos, U.S. bombing in, 165
- Manila Conference, 782
-
Marigold peace initiative,
484
- Military program in Vietnam:
- Alliesʼ contributions, 79–80, 828
- Costs of, 786
- Defoliation operations, 699–700
- Enclave strategy, 198
- Increased effectiveness of military operations, program
for, 216–218
- “Indefinitely maintained military posture” proposal, 728–738
- Inflation in RVN and, 826—827
- Kill counts, 272–273, 281
- Naval gunfire against DRV,
686–689
- Outlook for military operations in 1966, 112–117 Reserve call-up issue, 273–274
- Scientistsʼ assessment of, 455
- Shortages problem, 261n
, 283n
- Womenʼs involvement, 78–79
- National Liberation Front (NLF),
205
- Negotiation issue, 356, 495, 733–734
- Pacification program/civil operations:
- “Civil czar” position, 260
-
4-area priority pacification
effort, 115–116
-
Komerʼs assessment
and recommendations, 419
- Management reorganization, 63,
613–614, 659–660, 672, 682n
, 710n
, 731–733, 735, 798
- “Program for the Pacification and Long-Term Development of
South Vietnam” (PROVN), 591,
592n
- Security issue, 731–732
- Peace offensive, 6
-
RVN coalition government issue,
385
- Resolution of Vietnam situation, views on, 243–244
- Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam, 404–405
-
Thrush operation, 797
- Tonkin Gulf Resolution, administration policy re, 246
- Troop deployments by U.S., 273
- Approved program, 826–827
- Battalion strength increases in 1966, 115
- Force ceilings, 649
- Force requirements for 1966–1967,
564n
-
470, 000 force deployment strategy,
850–852
- Stabilized force level, 729
- U.S. policy on Vietnam:
-
McNamara mission to
Vietnam:
- Agenda for discussions, 684–686
-
Ky and Thieu, meeting with, 735
- MeNamaraʼs report to Johnson, 727–746
-
McNamaraʼs report to
NSC, 753
-
McNaughton, John T., 338n
, 355, 390n
, 493n
, 514n
,
558n
, 577n
, 635n
, 636, 659n
, 684n
, 883, 885n
- Manila Conference, 782–786
- Military program in Vietnam, 216–218
-
McPherson, Harry, 383–384
- McPherson, Maj. Gen. John, 897
-
Meeker, Leonard C., 95–97, 220
- Mendelevitch, Lev 1., 662
- Menon, Krishna, 3
-
Menzies, Robert G., 5, 16
- Meyer, Armin H., 846
-
Michalowski, Jerzy, 902, 912, 921, 933, 936, 971, 973, 986
- Military program in Vietnam (see also
Bombing headings; Infiltration interdiction
system; Troop deployments by U.S.), 226–227, 474
- Alliesʼ contributions, 79–80, 785–786, 788–789, 828,
845–847,
949
- Beechʼs assessment of, 535–536
- Casualties, 178, 400, 447, 537, 573–574, 627–628
- Christmas truce, proposed, 928
- Civilian casualties, 298–299
- Costs of, 786
- Defoliation operations, 699–700
- Division of U.S. opinion on priorities in conducting the war, 979–980
-
DMZ infiltration routes, focus on,
514
- Enclave strategy, 123, 140, 143,
144, 198–201
- Increased effectiveness of military operations, program for, 216–218
- “Indefinitely maintained military posture” proposal, 728–746
- Infiltration of DRV, 513
- Inflation in RVN and, 826–827
-
JCS assessment of, 738–739
- Kill counts, 272–273, 281, 413, 447,
627, 628
-
Kissingerʼs assessment of,
543–545
-
Komerʼs assessment of, 346, 868
-
Lodgeʼs assessment of, 57–58
- Morale situation, 337
- Naval gunfire against DRV, 686–689
- Operation Irving, 753, 773
- Operation Market Time, 949
- Operation Masher, 187
- Operation Starlite, 48
- Outlook for military operations in 1966,
112–117,
150–153
- Reserve call-up issue, 273–274
- Scientistsʼ assessment of, 455–457
- “Sharp knocks” strategy, 741–742
- Shortages problem, 261n
, 283n
“Sit tight” option, 160–163
- “Split up and keep off balance”
- strategy, 805–808
- U.S.-RVN consensus on, 247–248
-
Westmorelandʼs assessment
of, 773–774
Westmorelandʼs concept of
military operations, 603–608
- Womenʼs involvement, 78–79
-
Miller, Robert H., 349n
, 373n
, 391, 403n
, 514n
, 522n
,
557n
, 640n
, 767
-
Mr. Out. See
Le Van
Truong
.
- Mohr, Charles, 747
- Monros, Juan, 415
- Montagnards, 31–32,
54, 62, 225, 251, 499, 608 Morell,
William N., Jr., 428
-
Morgan, Thomas E., 124n
, 144
- Moro, Aldo, 106
-
Morse, Wayne, 17, 37, 121, 184, 239n
, 267–268
-
Moyers, Bill D., 10, 37, 40, 46n, 54, 100, 150n
, 153n
, 164, 183, 184, 227–228, 238, 239n
, 244, 246, 262, 266, 286n
, 302n
, 317, 329n
, 338n
, 383, 389, 397, 443–444, 502n
, 530n
, 550n
, 554n
, 609n
, 613n
, 677–678, 753, 754, 783n
, 849n
, 897n
-
Mundt, Karl E., 57, 123
- Myrdal, Gunnar, 379
-
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 5, 69, 75
- Nathan, Robert, 260, 263, 276, 611, 612
- National Intelligence Estimates:
- National Liberation Front (NLF) (see also
Communist insurgency;
GVN-VC/NLF talks option
under
Negotiation issue), 122, 229
-
ARVN, infiltration of, 386
-
CIA penetration of, 637–638
- Coalition government issue, 269
- Covert political program against, 202–203 Defection efforts
targeting. See
Defection encouragement program.
- Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
-
NLF representative in Algiers,
U.S. cantacts with, 584–585
- Swedish initiative, 829–835, 856–859 “Disintegration” strategy targeting,
651—652
DRV, relationship
with, 209–210
- Elections in RVN,
disruption
- campaign against, 575–576, 580,
623, 629
Managing hierarchy, 205–210
-
Marigold peace initiative
and, 901
- Morale situation, 550, 610–611
- Negotiation issue, 1–4, 73, 148
- Peace offensive, reaction to, 93
- Peace terms, 679
- Political-program, 205–210
- Prisoners of war, exchanges of, 156–157
- Will to persist, U.S. report on, 601–603
- National Security Action Memorandum No. 343, 302–303
- National Security Council (NSC):
- Negotiation issue (see also
Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation):
- “Blue chips” for negotiation, 366–369, 371–372, 433–437
- “Cessation of hostilities” issue, 492–494
- Chinese role, 148–150
-
CIA position, 745
-
DRV attitude toward negotiations,
146–150,
223
-
DRV intransigence,
Johnsonʼs frustration re, 986–987
- “Forcing negotiations” strategy, 358–359, 650–652
-
Fulbrightʼs assessment of,
598
-
GVN-VC/NLF
talks option (see also
National reconciliation program
under
Defection encouragement program), 331–332, 348–349, 356, 357,
363, 545–547, 548–549, 557–561, 577–578, 585–586
-
JCS position, 740–741
-
Kissingerʼs assessment of,
545–547
-
Kyʼs position, 697–698
- Mansfieldʼs recommendations, 724–725
-
McNamaraʼs
recommendations, 733–734
- Myrdalʼs recommendations, 379
- 1967 prognosis, 881
-
NLF attitude toward negotiations,
148
-
NLF representation, 1–4, 73
- “Package deal” strategy, 964–965
-
RVN political situation and, 946–947
- “Secret negotiation of a total deal” strategy, 853–856
- Soviet influence with DRV, 330, 691–692
- Three-track approach, 577n
, 586.
- U.S. 14 points, 6
- U.S. planning for negotiations, 495–496
- Negotiations Committee, 548–549, 583–587, 660–661, 678–679, 691–692, 726–727, 820–826
-
Nehru, B. K., 218–219
- Nelson, Robert, 276
- Neustadt, Richard, 193
- New Zealand, 5, 190,
257, 788, 845
- Ngo Dinh Diem, 231
- Nguyen Bao Kim, 197–198
- Nguyen Bao Tri, Gen., 410, 762, 862–863, 895, 929
-
Nguyen Cao Ky, Air
Vice Marshal (see also
Ky-Thieu government), 8, 65n
, 109, 256, 702
-
ARVN corruption problem, 584, 589–590
- Bombing pause, 15
- Bombing resumption, 182
- Buddhist Struggle Movement, 296, 325, 335n
- Government assault on Buddhists, 318–319, 334n
, 386, 387n
, 393, 397
- Government policy re, 306–307
- Inflammatory statements ref 373
- Negotiations between government and Buddhists, 326–327
- Onset following-Thiʼs removal from command, 277–280
- Reestablishment of government authority, 409, 445–446
-
Taylorʼs
analysis of U.S. options, 340–341
-
Chieu Hoi program, 251, 926
- Communist insurgency, 511
- Defection encouragement program:
-
De Gaulle, criticism of,
627
- Doʼs criticism ot 532n
- Honolulu Conference, 215, 218–219, 227–228
- Infiltration interdiction system, 695
-
Johnsonʼs attitude toward, 218–219
-
Johnsonʼs meetings with, 227–228, 770–775
- Manila Conference, 654, 770–775, 788
-
Marigold peace initiative,
485n
-
McNamaraʼs meeting “with,
735
- Military program in Vietnam, 513, 928 Montagnards, 225
- Negotiation issue, 558n
, 697–698
- Pacification program/civil operations, 555
-
ARVNʼs involvement, 925
-
4-area priority pacification effort
115
- Management reorganization, 735
- Port facilities, 42, 479
- Revolutionary development effort 271
- Popularity with Vietnamese people, 835
- Prisoners of war, exchanges of, 156
- Republic of Vietnam:
- Coalition government issue, 269
- Constitution for, 69, 326, 927
- Democracy Building Council, 198
- Economic development need for, 612
- Economic situation, 226, 402, 513, 576, 928
- Elections 392, 512, 625
- Interim government issue, 350
- Popular Forces and Combat Youth, 925–926
- U.S. presence, popular opinion on, 928
-
Ruskʼs meeting with, 925–928
- Satisfactory outcome in Vietnam, views on, 692–698
- Senate hearings on Vietnam, 240
-
Thrush operation, 657
-
Nguyen Chanh Thi,
Gen., 271, 272, 277–280, 315, 324, 343, 388, 392, 396, 399, 944
-
Nguyen Chi Thanh, Gen., 148
-
Nguyen Duc Thang, Gen., 215, 251, 271, 415, 475, 507, 513, 534, 536, 735, 788, 889
- Nguyen Duy Trinh, 448n
, 829, 830–834, 857
- Nguyen Go Thach, 448n
-
Nguyen Huu An, 562–563, 616, 617n
, 657n, 796–797
-
Nguyen Huu Co, Gen.,
215, 386n
, 584, 589–590, 765–766, 770
-
Nguyen Huu Tho, 202, 206–207, 208, 498, 503, 562–563, 580, 616–617, 679, 796–797
-
Nguyen Khanh, Gen.,
4t 497–502, 518–522, 540–542
-
Nguyen Ngoc Loan,
Gen., 352n
,
393, 395, 445, 765, 766, 767, 944
- Nguyen Tan Loc, 701
- Nguyen Van Can, 208
-
Nguyen Van Chuan,
Gen., 293, 325–326, 334 Nguyen Van Hai, 309
- Nguyen Van Hieu, 202, 207
- Nguyen Van Man, 325
-
Nguyen Van Thieu,
Gen. (see also
Ky-Thieu government), 43, 256, 583, 586
- Bombing of DRV, 453, 455
- Buddhist Struggle Movement:
- Government assault on Buddhists, 387n
- Onset following Thiʼs removal from command, 278–279
-
Thieuʼs
assessment ot 453, 454
-
Chieu Hoi program, 251, 926
- Communist insurgency, 453–454
- Honolulu Conference, 215, 218, 227–228
- Infiltration interdiction system, 695
-
Johnsonʼs meetings with, 227–228, 770–775
Manila Conference, 770–775
-
McNamaraʼs meeting with,
735
- National reconciliation program, 698,
762–763,
863
- Pacification program/civil operations, 735, 925 Peace offensive,
65–66
- Republic of Vietnam:
- Constitution for, 326n
, 927
- Economic situation, 226
- Elections, 349, 392
- Planning for post-war period, 926–927
- Unity of Vietnamese people, 68
- U.S. presence, popular opinion on, 928
-
Ruskʼs meeting with, 65–69, 925–928
- Satisfactory outcome in Vietnam, views on, 692–698
- Senate hearings on Vietnam, 240
- Nguyen Van Tri, 563
-
Nhuan. See
Pharo Xuan Nhuan,
Gen.
-
Nilsson, Torsten, 829–835, 856
- Nitze, Paul, 276, 883
-
Nkrumah, Kwame, 171
- Non-group on Vietnam, 677–678, 883
- Non-military programs in Vietnam. See
Pacification program/civil operations.
- North Vietnam. See
Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
- Oakley, Robert, 888
- Oberg, J. C. S., 829, 856
- OʼBrien, Larry E, 205, 255n
- Office of Civil Operations (OCO), 976–977 Operations.
See under
Military program in Vietnam.
- Owen, William M., 701
- Pacification program/civil operations, 43, 226, 388–389, 975
- Acceleration effort, 348, 554–555, 609–610
- Agricultural program, 225, 252, 424
- Alliesʼ contributions, 88
-
ARVNʼs involvement, 475, 476,
536, 555, 571–573, 605–606, 610,
732, 785, 925, 951, 978–980
-
Bellʼs report for
Johnson, 83–88
-
CIA involvement, 638n
- “Civil czar” position, 234–235, 239,
260, 263, 274–276, 302–303
- Commercial Import Program, 398, 479–480
- Coordination of civil and military efforts, 422, 478–479
- Deputy Ambassadorʼs authority, 422,
423–424
- Economic initiatives, 85–87, 390, 398, 406,
420–421,
479–480,
611–612
- Education program, 252, 416
- Evaluations of, 85
- Forestry program, 424
-
4-area priority pacification effort
115–116, 333, 478
- Funding for, 424–425
- Joint operations with GVN, 408
-
Katzenbachʼs assessment of,
746–752
-
Komerʼs assessment and
recommendations, 419–425
-
Komerʼs Vietnam visit,
report on, 474–481, 486–488, 505–507
- Land reform, 478
-
Leonhartʼs year-end
assessment of, 976–981 Long An Province effort, 626
- Management reorganization, 40–41, 63–64, 84–85, 421–422, 613–614
-
AID position, 714–715
-
CIA position, 668–672, 744–745
- Decision on changes to be made, 798–799
- Holbrookeʼs assessment of, 886–888
- Implementation of changes, 836–837, 848–849
-
JCS position, 740
-
Johnsonʼs letter of encouragement to
Lodge, 848–849
-
Johnsonʼs position, 710n
, 756–757
-
Katzenbachʼs
position, 749–752
-
Komerʼs position,
672–677
-
McNamaraʼs
recommendations, 659–660, 731–733, 735
- Military takeover, opposition to, 712–716
- State Department position, 680–682
- Year-end assessment of, 976–977
- Medical program, 251–252, 282
- Military takeover in 1967, 757, 849–850
-
1965 results, 28–29
- Obstacles to, 374–375
- Organizational structure (see also
Management reorganization
above), 231–235, 239
- Personnel issues, 346, 408, 481
- Police cadres, 391, 407, 423,
477–478
- Political warfare, 202-:203, 487,
- 505–507
- Port facilities, 42, 85, 406–407, 479,
611–612
- Press relations, 408, 481
- Prioritization of programs, 344–346, 375–376
- “Program for the Pacification and Long-Term Development of South
Vietnam” (PROVN), 591–597
- Province team chiefs, 506
- Resource control and economic warfare, 41, 86–87, 88, 424, 480
- Revolutionary development effort, 270–271, 401, 421,
423, 475–479, 506, 515–516
- Rice collection, 480
- Security issue, 731–732, 747–748
- Stagnation of, 536, 554n
- Technical visits, 14–15, 87
- Urban programs, 407–408
- U.S. district-level advisory role, 423
- U.S.-RVN consensus on, 248–250
- U.S. troopsʼ involvement, 605, 607–608
- Valentiʼs suggestions, 193–194
- Warrenton meeting recommendations, 58–63
- Washington-Saigon relations, 613
- Youth activities, 538
- Pakistan, 171, 259, 846
- Palmer, Bruce, 757
- Pappas, Tom, 950
-
Park, Chung Hee, 654, 775, 785–786, 788, 845
Paul VI, Pope, 10, 11, 20, 108, 184, 186, 187, 190, 776, 985n
- Peace offensive:
- Communist reaction, 92–94
- Country responses, 4–8, 19–21, 34–35
-
DRV position, 192
-
Hoʼs letter on, 187
-
Johnsonʼs assessment of, 21–22
-
Thieuʼs attitude toward,
65–66
- Pearson, Drew, 754
-
Pearson, Lester, 289
- Peers, Maj. Gen. William, 59n
-
Pell, Claiborne, 123, 140, 264
- Percy, Charles, 587
- Peter, Janos, 760
- Petri, Lennart, 829, 830–831, 835, 858
- Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL)
targets. See under
Bombing of DRV
.
- Pharo Anh, Lt. Col., 929
- Pharo Dang Lan, Gen., 537
-
Pharo Huy Quat, 208
- Pharo Van Dong, 40n
,
288, 289, 508, 509, 620, 679, 755, 893
- Pham Van Lieu, Col., 16
-
Pham Xuan Chieu, Lt. Gen., 65, 225, 293, 410
-
Pharo Xuan Nhuan,
Gen., 410, 445
- Phan Khac Suu, 208, 512, 533, 626
- Phan Quang Dan, 208, 626
- Phan Thong, 512
- Phase A-Phase B peace formula (see also
Marigold peace
initiative), 658
- Philippines, 5, 19,
79, 256, 257, 788, 846
- Phillips, Rufus, 886n
- Phung Van Cung, 202, 207
-
Pike, Douglas, 269
- Pitt, William, 197
- Planning for 1967. See under
U.S. policy on Vietnam.
-
Poats, Rutherford, 59, 83, 712, 714
- Podgorny, Nikolay, 94
-
POL targets. See
Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets
under
Bombing of DRV
.
- Poland, 67, 171
- Political Development Working Group, 369n
-
Porter, William J., 41, 63–64, 84–85, 126, 173, 233, 270, 344, 345, 346, 374, 375, 387n
, 390, 401, 402, 419, 422, 423–424, 475, 480, 515–516, 536n
, 547, 562, 609, 681, 686, 712, 713–714, 715, 757, 836, 837, 884, 887, 888, 894, 924n
, 930n
, 976–977, 985n
- Warrenton meeting on Vietnam, 58–63
- Press coverage of Vietnam, 408, 481, 535
- Prisoners of war:
-
Quang. See
Dang Van Quang, Gen.
Quynh
. See
Hoang Quynh.
-
Raborn, William E,
Jr., 58n
,
141n
, 150n
, 153, 187, 188, 211n
, 245, 255, 280, 387n
- Bombing of DRV, 443, 452
- Bombing resumption, 106, 108
- Buddhist Struggle Movement, 380
-
NLF, covert program against, 202–203
- Senate hearings on Vietnam, 261, 264
- Rand Corporation, 76–77
- Rapacki, Adam, 2, 91,
620, 891, 893, 898, 900
-
Marigold peace initiative,
talks with Gronouski in Warsaw, 899n
, 902–904, 905n
, 912–913, 917–921, 933–938, 958–961, 966–967, 971–973, 983–986
- Razak (Malaysia), 705
-
Read, Benjamin H., 22n
, 44n
, 156–157, 239n
, 426n
, 495n
, 548n
, 554n
, 587, 599n
, 823, 909n
, 968n
-
Reedy, George E., 235–237
- Refugee situation, 30, 42, 87, 250
-
Reischauer, Edwin 0., 34, 35, 262, 443, 539n
- Republic of Vietnam (RVN;
South Vietnam) (see also
Army of the Republic of Vietnam; Buddhist Struggle Movement;
Ky-Thieu government; Pacification program/civil operations):
- Anti-Communist attitudes, 943
- Binh Thuan Province situation, 415–416
- Bureaucracy and administrative apparatus, 942
- Civilian-military rivalry, 941
- Coalition government issue, 240, 241, 245,
269, 309, 385
- Constituent Assembly (see also
Elections
below), 945–946
- Constitution for, 69, 225, 250–251, 294,
307–308,
326, 348, 630, 824–825, 896–897, 927
- Democracy-building program, 198, 225, 332–333, 347
- Economic development, need for, 582,
612
- Economic situation, 18–19, 27–28, 41–42, 55, 85–86, 225–226, 253–254, 271, 283,
297, 308, 402, 415, 513, 537, 576,
626–627,
826–827,
928, 942
- Elections, 346, 349, 352,
392, 400–401, 533–534, 574–576, 598, 612,
943
- “American presence” issue, 376
- Catholicsʼ attitude toward, 413–415
-
CIAʼs role, 369–370
- Disqualifications of candidates, 512
- Fair elections, U.S. concerns re, 522–525
- Laws re, 446–447
-
NLF disruption campaign,
575–576, 580, 623, 629
- Public relations value, 534–535
- Results of, 623–626, 628–630
- U.S. policy re, 403–404
- Interim government issue, 350
- International support for, 248, 703
- Land reform program, 29–30, 478
- Military and para-military structure, 476
- National awareness, lack of, 941–942
- National Political Congress, 349–351
- National reconciliation program. See under
Defection encouragement program.
- Paraplegic veterans, 415
- Peace movement, 27
- Planning for post-war period, 926–927
- Political situation, 699, 875–876, 885–886
- Popular Forces and Combat Youth, 925–926
- Public opinion on U.S. presence, 888–890, 928
-
PX/commissary outlets for civil
service and military use, 576
- Refugee situation, 30, 42, 87, 250
- Regionalism problem, 940
- Religious factiona1ism, 940–941
- Revolutionary committee, 388–389
- “Showcase” for U.s. capabilities, 245–246
- Strategic importance of, 593–594
- Unity of Vietnamese people, 68
- Reserve call-up issue, 273–274
-
Reston, James, 10, 77–78
- Ribicoff, Abraham, 223
-
Ridgway, Gen. Matthew B., 166, 261, 264 Ritchie,. A. Edgar, 658
-
Rivers, L. Mendel, 9, 37, 126, 144
- Roberts, Juanita, 124n
-
Roche, John P., 800–801, 825, 894–897, 931n
- Rockefeller, Nelson, 884
- Rodhain, Monsignor, 5
-
Rolling Thunder. See Bombing headings.
- Romanian diplomatic initiative, 767–769
- Romney, George W., 963
- Ronning peace initiative, 287–290, 438, 448–449, 468
-
Ropa, Donald W., 26–32, 369n
- Roschin, Alexei A., 662
- Rosenthal, Jacob, 842n
-
Rostow, Eugene V., 692n
, 821, 824, 825
- Rostow, Walt W., 193, 245, 255, 317, 334n
,
340n
, 350n
, 352n
, 369n
, 372, 377n
, 386n
, 391n
,
399n
, 405n
, 412n
, 426n
, 453n
, 460, 492n
, 493n
, 508n
,
511n
, 552n
, 554n
, 556n
, 558n
, 577n
, 601n
, 607n
, 609n
, 623n
, 627n
, 657n
, 686n
, 716, 736n
, 770n
, 796, 798n
, 849n
, 867n
, 883, 890n
, 905n
, 909n
, 914n
, 916, 950
- Asian Development Task Force, 262,
265
- Bombing of DRV:
- Achievements of, 633–634
- Effects of bombing in 1965, 428
- Escalation issue, 650–651
-
Ho Chi Minh Trail,
focus on, 359
- Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL)targets, 331,
378–379, 412, 440, 441, 444, 451
-
Rolling Thunder
(RT) 52 program, 618, 812–813, 818n
- Target selection, 359
-
Westmorelandʼs
position, 777
- Bombing pause, proposed resumption of, 634
- Buddhist Struggle Movement:
- Administration discussion re, 323
- Government assault on Buddhists, 387–388, 396–397
- U.S. intervention, proposed, 338–339
- Defection encouragement program, 502
- Democratic Republic of Vietnam:
- Future strategy, 904
- Morale situation, 647–648
- Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
- Asian initiative, Thanatʼs proposal for, 539n
- Phase A-Phase B peace formula, 658
- Information policy on Vietnam, 359–360, 491–492
-
Kyʼs reelection bid in 1967,
531–532
- Manila Conference, 653–654, 690
-
Marigold peace initiative,
484, 528n
, 983
- Military program in Vietnam, 603, 828
- Alliesʼ contributions
-
Westmorelandʼs
concept of military operations
- National Liberation Front (NLF),
550
- Negotiation issue:
- “Blue chips” for negotiation, 366n
, 433
- “Forcing negotiations” strategy, 358–359, 650–652
-
GVN-VC/NLF talks
option, 331–332, 348–349, 356
- Myrdalʼs recommendations, 379
-
1967 prognosis, 881
- “Secret negotiation of a total deal” strategy, 853–856
- Soviet influence with DRV,
330, 691n
- U.S. planning for negotiations, 495–496
- Non-group on Vietnam, formation of, 678
- Pacification program/civil operations: Acceleration effort, 348
[Page 1013]
-
4-area priority pacification
effort, 333
- Management reorganization, 613–614
- Republic of Vietnam:
- Constitution for, 348
- Democracy-building program, 332–333, 347
-
Thrush operation, 617n, 797
- Troop deployments by U.S., 355
- U.S. domestic situation, 880–881
- U.S. policy on Vietnam:
- Ball groupʼs assessment of options, 355–357
- “Disintegration of NLF“
strategy,651–652
- Planning for 1967, 873–882, 922n
- Post-war Vietnamese development plan, 551
- Winning the war, scenarios for, 682, 792
- Rural construction program. See
Pacification program/civil operations.
-
Rusk, Dean, 21n
, 22n
, 58n
, 129n
, 150n
,
171n
, 228n
, 238, 255, 259, 340n
, 377n
, 387n
,
426n
, 470n
, 492n
, 601n
, 609n
, 627n
, 630, 672n
, 678, 716, 726, 770n
, 842n
, 848n
, 849n
, 853n
, 860n
, 885n
, 890n
, 971n
-
ARVN corruption problem, 589
- Asian Development Task Force, 262n
- Bombing of DRV:
- Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL)targets, 378,
412, 438–439, 440, 443, 444, 450–451
- Restriction on bombing around Hanoi, 968–969
-
Rolling Thunder
(RT) 52 program, 599, 618, 813, 817–819
- Target selection, 128, 310
- Termination option, 758–762
- Bombing pause, 24–26, 34, 95, 97n
- Bombing resumption:
- Administration discussions, 8–11, 39, 99,
106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 126–128, 153–155, 164–169, 182–186
- Administration discussions with Congressional leaders,
141, 143, 144
- French position, 213
- Resumption on January 31, 192
- Wise Menʼs opinions, 175, 176, 178, 179–180
- Buddhist Struggle Movement:
- Administration discussion re, 324
- Anti-American propaganda by
- Buddhists, 304, 312–313
- Communist influence, 336n
- Government assault on Buddhists, 386–387, 397
- Intelligence reports on, 292
-
Kyʼs inflammatory
statements, 373
- Negotiations between government
- and Buddhists, 325
- U.S.intervention, proposed, 338
- U.S.policy re, 286–287, 314–316,
- 317n, 334–336
-
Bui Diemʼs meeting with,
701–707
-
Chieu Hoi program, 926
- Chinese intervention in Vietnam, possible, 110, 122–123
- Congress, Administration strategy for dealing with, 241–244
- Defection encouragement program:
- General amnesty proposal, 587
- National reconciliation program, 640–641, 660, 926
- Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
- Administration testimony to Congress re, 40
- Asian initiative, Thanatʼs proposal
- for, 539n
-
ICRC initiative, 552–554, 566, 567n
- Ronning peace initiative, 449
- Swedish initiative, 829–835, 856–859
- U.S.-DRV contacts in
Burma, 100
-
XYZ initiative, 12
-
DRV intentions and attitudes
towardthe war, 721
-
Gromykoʼs meeting with,
662–668
- Honolulu Conference, 215
-
Johnsonʼs decision to attend, 203–204
-
Johnsonʼs meeting with Ky and Thieu, 228
- Information policy on Vietnam, 492n
- Ky, Thieu, and Do, meeting with, 925–928
-
Ky-Thieu government cabinet
crisis, 763–764
- Laos, U.S. bombing in, 166
- Manila Conference:
- Administration discussion re, 753, 754
- Initial scenario for, 653,
655n
-
Marigold peace initiative,
528n
, 912n
, 933n
, 973n
- Military program in Vietnam:
- Alliesʼ contributions, 828,
845
- Christmas truce, proposed, 928
- Defoliation operations, 699,
700n
-
DMZ infiltration routes,
focus on, 514
- Kill counts, 281
- Naval gunfire against DRV,
689
- Negotiation issue:
- “Blue chips” for negotiation, 366n
, 371
-
DRV attitude toward
negotiations, 146
-
GVN-VC/NLF talks
option, 357, 557–561
-
NLF representation, 1, 4n
- “Secret negotiation of. a total deal” strategy, 856n
- Soviet influence with DRV,
691
- U.S. planning for negotiations, 495
- Pacification program/civil operations:
- Acceleration effort, 554–555
-
ARVNʼs involvement, 925
- “Civil czar” position, 302n
- Economic initiatives, 390
- Management reorganization, 680, 682n
, 713, 798–799, 836–837
- Police cadres, 391
- Technical visits, 14–15
- Peace offensive, 6, 7–8, 20–21, 34, 187
- Republic of Vietnam:
- Constitution for, 927
- Elections, 349, 403–404, 522–525
- Interim government issue, 350
- Planning for post-war period, 927
- Revolutionary committee, 388–389
- Unity of Vietnamese people, 68
- Senate hearings on Vietnam, 205, 222, 239–240
- Soviet de marches on Vietnam, 644
- Soviet-U.5. discussions on Vietnam, 702
-
Brownʼs intermediary
effort, 865–866
- Meeting with Gromyko in New York, 662–668
-
Thieuʼs meetings with,
65–69,
925–928
-
Thrush operation, 565, 588–589, 657n
, 797
- Tonkin Gulf Resolution, administration policy re, 246
-
U.N. Security Council discussions
of Vietnam issue, 184, 185–186, 189–192, 260, 263
- U.S. policy on Vietnam:
- Administration discussions with Congressional leaders,
38, 121–124
-
Ball groupʼs
assessment of options, 360–361
- Funding for, 25
-
NSC discussion re, 382
-
Ruskʼs explanation
for Thieu, 66–67
- U.S. withdrawal issue, 213
- Rusk, Howard, 415
- Russell, Bertrand, 987
-
Russell, Richard B., 37, 142, 144, 168, 262, 265, 267, 410–411, 601n
-
Sainteny, Jean, 508–510, 554, 567, 586, 950
- Salisbury, Harrison E., 973–974
-
Saltonstall, Leverett, 142, 145
- Saragat, Giuseppe, 471n
-
Sato, Eisaku, 539
- Scranton, William W., 884
- Senate, U.S. (see also
Congress, U.S.):
-
Sharp, Adm. Ulysses S. Grant,
128, 394n
, 396n
, 409n
, 412, 756n
, 930n
- Bombing of DRV, 780–782
- Overall U.S. strategy, relation to, 47–52
- Restriction on bombing around Hanoi, 969–970
-
Westmorelandʼs
recommendations, 290–291
- Bombing resumption, 52
- Infiltration interdiction system, 639–640
- Military program in Vietnam:
- Naval gunfire against DRV,
686
- Outlook for 1966, 150
- Troop deployments by U.S.:
- Force requirements for 1966–67,
564
-
470, 000 force deployment strategy,
852
- Stabilized force level, 729n
-
Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 24n
, 70, 143
-
Shelepin, Alexandr N., 8, 9, 21, 24, 38, 90, 94
-
Shiina, Etsusaburo, 95, 539
-
Sieverts, Frank, 585, 762n
, 820
- Sihanouk, Prince Norodom, 468, 662, 705
- Singapore, 846
- Sisco, Joseph J., 22n
,
97n
, 168, 192n
, 548n
, 552n
,
566, 820
- Slater, Mary, 818n
-
Smathers, George A., 259
-
Smith, Bromley K., 22, 189, 221n
, 228n
, 245, 255, 260n
, 263n
, 280n
, 281n
, 282n
, 287, 290–291, 383, 444, 448n
, 557n
, 589–590, 754, 777n
- Smith, R.J., 601n
-
Sorensen, Theodore, 197
- Southeast Asia, Communist threat to, 365, 382n
- Southeast Asia Coordination Meeting, 150–153
- South Vietnam. See
Republic of Vietnam.
-
Souvanna Phouma, 89, 111, 153, 154, 172–173, 256
- Soviet Union (see also
Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam), 3, 364
- Asian Peace Offensive proposal, 461–463
- Bombing resumption, 170
- China, relations with, 33
- De marches on Vietnam, 644–646
- Democratic Republic of Vietnam:
-
Marigold peace initiative,
assessment of, 982 Negotiations,
influence with DRV re, 330, 691–692
- Peace offensive, reaction to, 94
- Settlement in Vietnam, interest in, 878–879
-
U.N. Security Council discussions
of Vietnam issue, 190
- Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam, 678
-
Brownʼs intermediary effort,
821–824,
865–866
-
Harrimanʼs trip to Moscow,
404–405
-
Johnson-Gromyko meeting in Washington, 716–721
-
Johnson-Kosygin letters, 906–908, 981–982
-
Rusk-Gromyko meeting in New York, 662–668
-
Ruskʼs assessment of, 702
-
Sparkman, John, 221
- Special National Intelligence Estimates:
-
Springsteen, George S., Jr., 44n
-
Starbird, Lt. Gen. Alfred D.,
635, 686, 842n
, 932
- Steadman, Richard, 820, 842n
-
Stearns,Monteagle, 543, 583n
, 820
- Stennis, John, 238
- Stevenson, Adlai, 473
-
Stewart, Sir Michael 761
- Stilwell Gen. Richard G., 150
- Stoessel, Walter J., 463n
- Stull, Lee, 163
-
Sturm, Paul (“George“), 498n
, 500, 518,521
- Sukhodrev, V. M., 662, 716
-
Sullivan, William H., 89, 90, 150, 461–463
- Sutherland, Jack, 75
- Swedish diplomatic initiative, 829–835, 856–859
- Sylvester, Art, 686
-
Symington, Stuart, 7, 8, 122–123, 264
- Taft, Robert, 538
- Taiwan, 5, 19, 43, 846
-
Tam Chau, 54, 269, 285, 292, 335, 446, 941n
-
Tam Giac, 393
-
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 141n
, 188–189, 238, 245, 255, 329n, 377n
, 387n
, 405n
, 495n
, 577n
, 609n
- Bombing of DRV:
- Escalation issue, 304–305
- Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL)targets, 378,
450
- Target selection, 128
- Bombing resumption:
- Buddhist Struggle Movement:
- Administration discussion re, 324, 325
- Onset following Thiʼs removal from command, 282
-
Taylorʼs
analysis of U.S. options, 340–344
- Military program in Vietnam:
- Kill counts, 281
-
Westmorelandʼs
concept of military operations, 607–608
- Negotiation issue:
- “Blue chips” for negotiation, 366–369
- “Cessation of hostilities” issue, 492–494
- Pacification program/civil operations:
- Management reorganization, 660n
- U.S. troopsʼ involvement, 607–608
- Senate hearings on Vietnam, 205
- Taylor, Gen. Robert, 789n
-
Thai. See
Vu Van
Thai
.
- Thailand, 5, 20, 43, 106, 153, 256, 365, 846
-
Thanat Khoman, Col., 538–539, 587
-
Thang.See
Nguyen Due Thang, Gen.
-
Thanh (RVN), 479
-
Thanom Kittikachorn, Field Marshal,
654, 775
-
Thant U, 6, 20, 95, 101, 106, 107, 112, 168, 171, 173, 190, 702–703, 704
-
Marigold peace initiative,
471n
- Moscow visit, 584
- Negotiation initiative, 482–483
-
Thi. See
Nguyen Chanh Thi,
Gen
.
-
Thien Minh, 318, 326, 393
-
Thieu. See
Nguyen Van Thieu,
Gen
.
-
Tho. See
Nguyen Huu
Tho
.
- Thomas, Maj. Gen. Jack E., 212n
-
Thompson, Llewellyn E., Jr., 8, 70n
, 463n
,
557n
, 558n
, 657n
, 662, 716–717, 761, 890n
, 898n
, 906n
, 914n
, 981–982
-
Thomsen, Samuel B., 339
-
Thomson, James C., Jr., 26–32
-
Thrush operation:
-
Tieng Vang (newspaper), 309
- Tien Minh, 313
- Tito, Marshal, 5, 68–69
- Tonkin Gulf Resolution:
- Administration policy re, 239n
, 241–242, 246, 257
- Repeal effort in Senate, 184, 239n
, 257–258, 261, 265,
267–268
- Tran Buu Khiem, 202, 207
-
Tran Quoc Buu, 373n
-
Tran Van Do, 65, 173, 215, 306, 311, 531n
, 532n
, 545, 586, 656, 692–698, 775
-
Tran Van Don, Gen., 279
- Tran Van Giau, 206
- Tran Van Tuyen, 557n
- Tran Van Van, 766
-
Tri. See
Nguyen Bao Tri, Gen.
-
Tri Quang, 280, 285, 287, 293, 295, 313n
,
317, 318, 326, 335, 338–339, 362, 388n
, 409, 410, 445, 523, 835, 941
- Trieu (RVN), 296, 701
- Trinh. See
Nguyen Duy Trinh.
- Trinh Dinh Thao, 208
- Troop deployments by U.S. (see also
Military program in Vietnam), 105, 273
- Battalion strength increases in 1966, 115
- Force ceilings, 355, 649
- Force requirements for 1966–1967, 564–565
-
470, 000 force deployment strategy, 850–852
- Impact on military situation, 53–54
-
Gen. Johnsonʼs recommendations, 188
-
McNamaraʼs approved
program, 826–827
- Stabilized force level, 729, 739–740, 744
-
Westmorelandʼs position,
784
- Truman, Harry S, 138, 950
-
Truong (RVN), 701
- Truong Thai Ton, 215
-
Tubby, Roger W., 566–568
- Turkey, 846–847
-
Unger, Leonard S., 14n
, 63, 216n
, 286n
, 340n
, 349n
, 355, 369n
, 373n
, 387n
,
390n
, 394, 403n
, 433, 484n
, 493n
, 532n
, 557n
, 558n
, 580, 599n
, 621n
, 637n
,
640n
, 657n
, 680n
, 836n
, 838n
, 843n
, 856n
, 914n
-
ARVN corruption problem, 584
- Bombing of DRV, 31G–312, 617, 618
- Diplomatic efforts toward negotiation:
-
NLF representative in
Algiers, U.S. contacts with, 585
- Swedish initiative, 833, 834, 835, 856–859
-
GVN-VC/NLF talks option,
548–549,
577
-
Marigold peace initiative,
821–822
- National reconciliation program, 825
- Pacification program/civil operations, 712, 713, 714, 715
- Prisoners of war, 585
-
RVN constitution, 825
- Soviet-U.S. discussions on Vietnam, 824
- Warrenton meeting on Vietnam, 58–63
- Unified Buddhist Church, 446
- United Kingdom, 364, 949
- United Nations:
- U.S. domestic situation:
-
Ball groupʼs assessment of,
364
- Bombing of DRV and, 378
- Buddhist Struggle Movement and, 394–396, 397
- Communistsʼ attention to, 602
- “Hawks and doves” division in debate on Vietnam, 235–237
-
1967 prognosis, 880–881
- Public opinion re Vietnam, 17–18, 262, 266, 401,
410–411
- U.S. Intelligence Board, 137–138
- U.S. Mission in Vietnam, problems with, 886,
894–897
- U.S. policy on Vietnam (see also
Military program in Vietnam; Pacification program/civil operations):
- Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 37–38, 121–124, 245, 255–259
- Administration testimony to Congress, 56–57
- Ambassadorial change in 1967, 800–801, 850,
883–885
-
Ball groupʼs assessment of
options, 355–357, 360–365
- Colonialism issue, 889–890
- Congressional attitude toward, 43–44, 464–467
- Congressional resolution on, 549
- “Disintegration of NLF” strategy,
651–652
-
Fulbrightʼs assessment of,
598–599
- Funding of, 25
- Information policy, 260, 270, 359–360, 383–384, 491–492
-
1968 U.S. elections and, 963
-
NSC discussion re, 381–383
- Peace offers, JC5 position re, 741
- Personnel issues, 888
- Planning for 1967, 804–805
- Postwar Vietnamese development plan, 551
-
Ruskʼs explanation for
Thieu, 66–67
- “Satisfactory outcome” issue, 18, 692–698
- Scale-down of personnel and facilities, 579
- Winning the war, scenarios for, 568–571, 682–684, 792–796
- U.S. withdrawal issue:
-
Ball groupʼs assessment of,
356–357,
363
- Buddhist Struggle Movement and, 327–328
- Fortasʼ position, 32–33
- French position, 213
-
JCS study re, 328n
U.S. policy,
73, 228–229
- Valentiʼs position, 322n
-
Valenti, Jack, 7, 11, 21n
, 37, 40, 74, 98, 105, 126, 141, 150n
, 153, 164, 174, 182, 187n
, 188n
, 189n
, 244, 259n
, 260n
, 263, 280, 317, 323, 329n
,
338n
- Bombing resumption, 139–140
- Buddhist Struggle Movement, 320–322
- Pacification program/civiloperations, 193–194
- U.S. withdrawal issue, 322n
-
Vance, Cyrus R., 74, 76, 216n
, 245, 255, 261, 273, 338n
, 345, 451, 460, 678, 752n
, 873n
, 883, 885n
, 916
- Vietnam visit, report on, 336–337
- Vatican, 5
-
Vien. See
Cao Van Vien,
Gen
.
- Viet Congo See
National Liberation Front.
- Vietnam. See
Democratic Republic of Vietnam; Republic of Vietnam.
- VietNam Coordinating Committee, 59
- Vietnam Planning Group, 331n
, 493n
- Vinh Lac, Gen., 318
- Vo Long Trieu, 701
-
Vo Nguyen Giap, 620, 631, 755
-
Vo Van Sung, 12–14, 45
-
Vu (DRV), 100–102, 230n
-
Vu Van Thai, 226, 311, 391, 580–583, 584
-
Walt, Lt. Gen. Lewis W., 263, 319n
- Warrenton meeting on Vietnam, 58–63
- Warsaw Pact, 662
-
Wehrle, Leroy S., 43, 233–234, 888
- Werts, Leo, 481
-
Westmoreland, Gen. William C.,
75, 79, 126, 164, 176, 214, 256, 319n
, 399, 544, 554n
, 576, 949, 969n
- Ambassadorship in Saigon, 883
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN):
- Corruption problem, 410
- “Improper organization” issue, 930–931
- Bombing of DRV:
- Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets, 411,
412
-
Rolling Thunder
(RT) 52 program, 916
- Target selection, 779
-
Westmorelandʼs
position, 290–291, 777–779, 784–785
- Bombing pause, possible resumption of, 579
- Buddhist Struggle Movement:
- Anti-American propaganda by
- Buddhists, 303–304
- Reestablishment of government authority, 409
- U.S. domestic situation and, 394, 396n
- U.S. forces, instructions for, 323n
- Communist insurgency, 113
- Honolulu Conference, 215, 218
- Importance to U.S. effort, 233
- Infiltration interdiction system, 785,
932
-
Ky-Thieu government, 409–410, 763
- Laos, U.S. bombing in, 291
- Lodgeʼs relationship with, 232
- Manila Conference, 656, 787–789
- Military program in Vietnam, 474
- Alliesʼ contributions, 788–789
- Increased effectiveness of military
- operations, program for, 216n
- Naval gunfire against DRV,
686, 687
- Outlook for military operations in 1966, 150
-
Westmorelandʼs
assessment of, 773–774
-
Westmorelandʼs
concept of military operations, 603–606
- Pacification program/civil operations:
- Acceleration effort, 555n
, 609
-
ARVNʼs involvement, 572, 605–606, 785
- Management reorganization, 41,
84–85, 756, 836, 837
- Military takeover in 1967, 849, 850n
- Police cadres, 407
- Port facilities, 406–407, 479
- U.S. troopsʼ involvement, 605
- Prisoners of war, 585
- Senate hearings on Vietnam, 239
- Troop deployments by U.S., 105
- Battalion strength increases in 1966, 115
- Force requirements for 1966–1967, 564–565
-
470, 000 troop deployment strategy,
852
- Stabilized force level, 729n
-
Westmorelandʼs
position, 784
- Weyand, Maj. Gen. Frederick C., 757, 849, 951
-
Wheeler, Gen. Earle G. (see also
Joint Chiefs of Staff), 38, 141n
, 189, 238, 245, 255, 261, 264, 265, 564n
, 601n
, 684n
,
752, 842n
-
ARVN “improper organization”
issue, 930
- Bombing of DRV:
- Achievements of, 177
- Escalation issue, 305n
- Interdiction capability, 166,
167
- Petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) targets, 411,
449–450, 451
- Restriction on bombing around Hanoi, 968n
, 969
-
Rolling Thunder
(RT) 52 program, 599n
, 756n
, 818n
, 916
- Stabilization of, 758
- Target selection, 177
-
Westmorelandʼs
position, 290, 777n
- Bombing pause, possible resumption of, 579
- Bombing resumption:
- Buddhist Struggle Movement, 282, 394–396, 409
- Honolulu Conference, 215
- Infiltration interdiction system, 932
- Laos, U.S. bombing in, 165–166
- Manila Conference, 787
- Military program in Vietnam:
- Casualties, 178
- Inflation in RVN and, 826
- Kill counts, 281
- Operation Irving, 753
- “Sit tight” option, 160n
- Pacification program/civil operations, 660n
, 756–757
- Troop deployments by U.S., 826
- U.S. policy on Vietnam, NSC
discussion re, 381
- Whiting, Allen, 136n
- Whitlam, Gough, 577
- Wicker, Tom, 98
-
Williams, G. Mennen, 6
- Williamson, Gen., 282
-
Wilson, Harold, 8, 20, 122, 154n
, 186, 411–412, 426, 451n
, 539
- Wilson, Col. Jasper, 497
-
Wilson, Samuel V., 41, 233, 308, 324, 415–416, 951
- Wise Men, 158–159,
174–181
- Women in military, 78–79
-
XYZ initiative, 12–14, 44–47
- Y-Bham Enoul, 31
- Y Binh Aleo, 499
- Yugoslavia,S, 8, 21,
67, 107
- Zablocki, Clement, 124n
- Zinchuk, Alexander, 823–824
-
Zorthian, Barry, 42, 59n
, 196, 226, 408, 419n
, 862, 863, 887, 894, 951, 976