Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume
XXIV, Laos Crisis
Index
-
Abramov, Aleksandr N., 543, 563, 603, 671, 673–675, 986, 1002, 1044, 1052
-
Achilles, Theodore C., 88,
144
-
Addis, William J., 45,
120, 613n
, 675, 781n
, 1002
- Souvanna cabinet selection, 421, 450, 516,
614–616,
622, 643n
- talks with Souvanna, 415–416, 434,
509, 516, 521, 634n
- Three Princes meetings, 299, 433, 670,
824
- Africa, 772
- Agency for International Development (AID), 838, 872, 878, 928, 931, 996
- Agreement for Mutual Defense Assistance in Indochina, Dec. 1950, 73
- Air America, 913, 921–924, 929, 936n
,
995, 1016, 1052
- Air Force, U.S., 800
-
Akalovsky, Alexander, 225, 231, 454
-
Alexander, Henry C., 840
-
Alphand, Hervé, 75, 101–103, 142, 538
-
Alsop, Stewart, 705
-
Amkha Soukhavong, Gen., 646, 1057
-
Anderson, Daniel V., 85n
, 86n
, 89n
, 91n
, 176n
, 241n
,
253n
, 256n
, 263n
, 273n
, 337n
, 456n
, 483n
, 507n
, 520n
, 523n
, 524n
, 531n
, 534n
- U.S. economic and military aid to Laos, 540–542
- U.S. policy for Laos, 88, 150
-
Anderson, Adm. George W., 965
-
Anderson, Robert B., 5,
19n
-
Anderson, William O., 241n
-
Arends, Leslie C., 631,
773
- Arms limitation agreements, 697
- Asia, neutralism in, 177–178
- Assassinations, 934, 936n
, 951,
953–955, 966–967, 1000n
, 1001–1002, 1050, 1055
- Assistance Development Authority, 180
- Australia (see also Australia and Australian subheadings
under other subjects), 34
- Austria, 53, 81,
114
- Austrian State Treaty, 234
-
Bagley, Lt. Commander Worth H.,
430n
, 443n
, 564, 790n
, 842n
, 844n
,
862
- military situation in Laos, 561–563, 723,
921–923,
1008n
- political situation in Laos, 556, 560–561, 677–680, 716–717, 916–917
- U.S. military contingency planning, 381–382, 618–620, 864
-
Bailey, Maj. L.B., 110,
671, 887
-
Ball, George, 144, 322, 377n
, 465n
, 501n
,
531n
, 595–596, 655–656, 665n
, 990n
- Geneva Accords, 1962, 902
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 489
- Laos, 985
- military situation, 718–722, 729, 734, 964
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 662, 666n
, 711, 1043, 1048
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 358, 801
- talks:
-
Sarit and Phoumi,
Nong Khai, Mar. 1962, 663, 664n
- Three Princes meeting, Geneva, Jan. 1962, 539n
- Thailand, 740–741
-
Ballenger, Sgt., 671,
887n
- Bangkok Resolution, 104, 108, 152
- Baraduc, Pierre, 345
-
Barbis, George M., 1042n
-
Barrington, James, 867,
869–870
-
Battle, Lucius D., 129n
, 136n
, 137n
, 328n
, 335–336, 379–380, 493n
, 704–705
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 407–408, 416, 435,
450–451,
463–464
- military situation in Laos, 489–491, 494–496, 524–525
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 477–478, 480–481
- Souvanna government, 433–434, 463,
476–479
-
Belk, Sam, 112n
-
Bell, David E., 144, 722n
, 842, 1048
-
Bergesen, Alf E., 1010n
- Berlin crisis, 274, 285, 318–319, 394, 401, 418, 465, 772
- Ministerial Consultations on, Paris, Aug. 1961, 345–350, 456–457
- Soviet position, 168, 294, 396–397, 408,
412, 900
- Soviet-U.S. talks, 402, 473, 626,
998
- Bhumibol Adulyadej, King, 9, 220
- Bird and Sons, 995
-
Bissell, Richard M., Jr.,
5, 12, 17–18, 26n
, 48, 72, 79,
88, 94n
, 95n
, 358, 465n
-
Blough, Roger M., 840
-
Boggs, Marion W., 6n
-
Bohlen, Charles E., 88, 93n
, 94n
, 95n
, 116, 124n
, 231, 538, 984
- Laos:
- military situation, 48, 163, 734
- neutralization of, 49, 55
- Soviet policy, 12, 15–16,
106
- U.S. policy, 150, 153
- U.S. troop deployment to Thailand, 740, 742, 745, 747, 758
- Bouasy, 825
- Bouavong, 532, 651–652
-
Boun Oum, 12, 113, 156n
, 237, 243–244, 250n
, 543, 620–621, 648, 765–766
- character sketch of, 47, 80
- King of Champassak role for, 153
- military situation in Laos, 190, 242
- Souvanna cabinet selection, 546–549, 552,
554–555,
591n
, 605–608
- talks:
-
Harriman, Luang
Prabang, Apr. 1961, 158
-
Harriman,
Vientiane, Sept. 1961, 421
-
Harriman,
Vientiane, Mar. 1962, 668
- Thailand, 700, 708
- Three Princes meetings, 483–484, 492,
532, 534, 569, 601, 605, 824, 837
- Geneva, Jan. 1962, 388–390, 554n
, 555–556, 557n
, 566, 569–575, 576n
, 584, 611–612
- Phnom Penh, July 1961, 336, 338
- Plaines des Jarres, proposed, 501, 503, 507, 512–513
- Vientiane, Dec. 1961, 520, 546n
- U.S. military advisers in combat roles, 130
- U.S. military aid to Laos, 35
- Viet Minh, 165
-
Boun Oum-Phoumi government, 157
- British position, 1–2, 50
- broadening of, 49, 88–90, 155–156
- constitutional legality of, 204–205
- French position, 1–2, 63, 75
- Indian position, 7
- recognition of, 1–2, 5, 7
- resignation of, 477, 479, 545
- sanctions against, 553–560, 565–567, 569–570, 575,
580–582
- Soviet position, 3, 17, 64–66, 81, 584n
- U.S. position, 52–53, 65, 85, 271, 455
- Bounleut, Sayocie, 548n
, 667
-
Bounpone, Gen. Mathepraharak, 552, 653, 763
- Bounthan Songvilay, 643n
, 837n
,
849
- Bounthieng, Gen., 651–653
- Bouthong Voravong, 837n
, 850
-
Bowles, Chester E., 94n
, 95n
, 97n
, 129n
, 140–142, 143n
, 144, 145n
, 193n
, 195n
, 253n
, 306n
, 501n
, 531n
- China, People’s Republic of, inevitablilty of war with, 154, 163,
170
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 185n
, 187, 485,
489
- International Control Commission, 109
- Meos, 263
- partition of Laos, 236–239
-
SEATO/U.S. military intervention
in Laos, 146–148, 183, 842
- Souvanna government, 561
- United Nations, 104n
- U.S. policy on Laos, 140–142, 143n
-
Boyle, Brig. Gen. Andrew J., 75, 142, 291, 297, 305n
, 380,
668
- military situation in Laos, 131, 136, 502,
525, 716, 770
- Phoumi-U.S. split, 554n
, 559, 561–562, 604n
- Plaines des Jarres recapture strategy, 72, 74, 77–79, 84–85, 121n
- replacement of, 675n
, 676n
, 679
- Viet Minh, 305, 599n
-
Bradley, Gen. Omar D., 572
-
Breitweiser, Maj. Gen. Robert A., 59–60, 157
-
Brezhnev, Leonid, 937
- Bridges, Styles, 147
-
Bridle, Gen., 931
-
Brook, Norman, 116, 707
-
Brown, Harold, 722n
-
Brown, L. Dean, 538
-
Brown, Mervyn, 887
-
Brown, Winthrop G., 96, 156n
, 159, 172n
, 185n
, 208n
, 222, 260n
, 265n
, 286n
,
380, 557n
, 583n
, 608n
, 651n
-
Boun Oum-Phoumi government,
85
- British-U.S. relations, 275
- cease-fire, 129, 159, 171, 438, 565,
617n
- coalition government, 120, 199–200, 403, 406
- covert activities, 715–716
- France, 275, 365–366
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 197
- government of councils proposal, 634–637
-
Harriman mission to Laos,
165
- Laotian-U.S. relations, 698–699
- military situation in Laos, 10, 38, 45, 87, 404, 439, 479,
559n
, 592, 611n
- neutralization of Laos, 49, 50n
, 91, 284, 286
- partition of Laos, 236–239, 254–256
- Phoumi, U.S. withdrawal of support from, 535–537, 554–555, 569, 597n
, 604n
, 63
- recall of, possible, 676–677, 679
- Souvanna government, 483, 501, 577,
840n
- cabinet selection, 392, 420, 463, 514–516, 543, 546–553, 622, 707n
- U.S. support of, 614, 640–642
- Souvanna view of, 288
- talks:
- King Savang, 593n
, 607n
- Phoumi, 421, 423, 661–662
- Souvanna, 76, 407, 415, 509, 534, 545, 584n
, 634n
- Thailand, 735, 759
- Three Princes meetings, 431–432, 434,
482, 500, 503, 507n
, 512–513
- United Nations, 104
- U.S. economic aid to Laos, 541–542, 858
- U.S. military advisers in combat roles, 130–131
- U.S. military aid to Laos, 71, 575, 663,
680
- U.S. policy on Laos, 83, 142
-
Brubeck, William H., 851–854, 908n
-
Bruce, David K.E., 116,
119, 129, 142, 706
-
Bruns, William H., 524n
, 540n
, 542n
, 1043n
-
Bubnov, Igor D., 63, 923
-
Bulganin, Nikolai A., 234
-
Bundy, McGeorge, 68n
, 94n
, 95n
, 105n
, 129n
, 189n
, 210n
, 211n
, 328n
, 375n
, 387n
, 388n
, 465n
, 493n
, 525n
, 620n
, 640n
, 644n
, 657n
, 661n
, 670n
, 698n
, 711n
, 767n
, 781n
, 785n
, 789n
, 851n
, 855n
, 908n
, 935n
, 980n
, 1006n
- British-U.S. talks, 116, 704, 706,
708
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 335, 376,
379, 407, 450, 563–564, 852
-
Harriman mission to Moscow,
990
- International Control Commission, 1008
- Laos, 144, 774, 853, 985
- political situation, 112–113
-
SEATO/U.S. military
intervention in, 742n
, 775
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 840n
, 862, 885n
, 1049
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 72, 1014n
, 1019n
, 1033n
,
1041
- State-Defense discussions on, 799, 813n
, 827, 837, 846
- Meos, 398, 489
- military situation in Laos, 88, 489, 524,
623–625,
770, 928n
, 1057
- Nam Tha battle, 718–719, 721–722, 729, 734, 745
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 970n
, 972, 974–975, 979, 994n
- Phoumi, sanctions against, 560n
, 565,
681, 695–696, 714
- Souphannouvong visit to the United States, 925n
, 928n
- Southeast Asia, 26–27, 322, 440
- Souvanna government, 433, 474, 476,
478, 544–545, 571, 576,
642, 655–656, 840n
- U.S. policy on Laos, 142, 150–151, 586
- U.S. troop deployment to Thailand, 758
- Viet Minh, 906, 917n
-
Bundy, William P., 390, 571, 669n
, 779n
, 806n
, 865, 902, 911, 922
-
Burdett, William C., 119,
706
-
Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 42–44, 94n
, 95n
, 109,
142, 144, 147, 150–153, 170, 183, 321
- Burma, 76, 97, 160, 179, 228, 232, 238, 282, 428
- Assistance Development Authority, 180
- China, People’s Republic of-U.S. war, 163
- Kuomintang irregulars in, 63n
, 201, 437, 869
- neutral nations commission proposal, 34, 37, 51, 53, 57, 67
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of-U.S. talks, 867–870
-
Burris, Col. Howard L., 162n
, 171, 274
-
Butler, Michael, 345
-
Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 88, 358
-
Caccia, Harold A., 2n
, 11n
, 116, 119, 132–133, 145, 212
- Cambodia (see also Cambodia and Cambodian
subheadings under other subjects), 76,
114–115, 160, 179, 238, 339, 442, 468, 778
- Assistance Development Authority, 180
- communist threat to, 581, 834, 839,
1053
- French role in, 216
- military situation, 442, 468, 800,
818, 846
- neutral nations commission proposal, 51, 53, 57, 67
- neutrality of, 228, 232, 262,
774, 869
- Preah Vihear temple, 861
- Sihanouk Commission, 34, 37
- Viet Minh forces in, 418, 428
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 180, 405
- Canada (see also Canada and Canadian subheadings under
other subjects), 76, 162, 179
- China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 253
- India, relations with, 307n
, 311
-
Carter, Lt. Gen. Marshall S.,
734, 745, 809, 842, 971–972
-
Castro, Fidel, 987
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 318n
, 475–476, 564, 572, 695, 716, 730, 769, 796, 855, 994n
, 1054–1057
- Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), 30
- Council meeting, Ankara, Apr. 1961, 158
-
Chadbourn, Philip H., 668
-
Chakira, Gen., 114
-
Chalermchai, Gen., 699
- Champassak, Kingdom of, 153
-
Chang Han-fu, 303, 410
-
Chao Souk, 825
-
Chapman, Christian G., 12, 62n
, 69n
, 85n
, 89n
, 91n
, 96n
, 241n
, 256n
, 263n
, 304n
, 306n
, 309n
, 337n
- International Control Commission, 313
- neutralization of Laos, 56, 63, 283
- Souvanna government, 483
-
Chauvel, Jean, 206, 251
-
Chayes, Abram, 852n
, 853n
, 854n
-
Chen Yi, 193, 245, 253, 254n
-
Chiang Kai-shek, 145,
153, 226–227, 611
-
Chiari, Roberto, 842n
- China, People’s Republic of (see also China, People’s
Republic of subheadings under other subjects), 58, 76, 104n
, 228, 374, 380, 448
- bombing attacks by, possible, 163
- Canada, relations with, 253
- China, Republic of, attack on Hainan, 153
- food shortages, 288
- France, relations with, 253
- India, relations with, 891
- Korea, attack in, 812
- Laos as buffer zone, 404, 729–730, 732, 876
- Laotian view of, 703
- military situation, 21, 39, 77n
, 183
- Soviet Union, relations with, 220,
269, 318, 409n
,
679, 941, 943–944, 983, 1006
- U–2 flights over, 993, 999
-
U.N. membership for, 630
- United States, relations with, 180,
254n
, 289, 303,
306, 437, 543
- U.S. expulsion from Laos, demand for, 141, 143
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, relations with, 219–220
- war with the United States, inevitability of, 154, 163,
170
- China, Republic of (see also China,
Republic of subheadings under other subjects), 149, 153, 229, 234
- Chinese, prejudice against, 410
- Chinese civil war, 226–227
- Chinese offshore islands, 149
- Chou En-lai, 876, 941
-
Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 888, 893, 911, 1030–1031
-
Cleveland, Harlan, 88, 142, 143n
, 263n
, 304n
, 309n
, 456n
, 483n
, 501n
, 520n
, 523n
, 524n
, 531n
, 557n
, 559n
, 568n
, 573n
, 575n
, 593n
, 596n
, 597n
, 604n
, 609n
, 612n
, 615n
, 616n
, 748
-
Cleveland, Robert, 571
-
Clifford, Clark, 19, 20n
, 24n
-
Clifton, Maj. Gen. Chester V.,
42, 69, 72, 84–85, 95n
, 144, 157, 623, 730n
-
Cline, Ray, 911
-
Colby, William E., 972,
973n
, 974–975, 976n
, 985–988, 994n
, 1030–1031, 1032n
, 1034, 1041
-
Collins, Gen. James F., 658
- Colonial wars, 16
- Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) Congress, 1961, 461, 470, 478
- Congo, Republic of the (Leopoldville), 58, 556, 567, 582, 678n
- Congress, U.S. (see also
House of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S.), 144, 147, 176
- Acts of: P.L.
480, 1009
- Phoumi, sanctions against, 678n
, 688,
694, 698
- Thailand, 147, 388
- U.S economic and military aid to Laos, 529, 1047
- U.S. military intervention in Laos, 163, 666, 730n
, 750, 770–774, 803
- White House briefings on Southeast Asia, 144, 625–633
-
Connally, John B., Jr., 144
-
Cooper, Chester L., 775, 842, 846, 925n
-
Corcoran, Thomas J., 127–129, 176n
-
Cottrell, Sterling J., 258–260, 322, 362, 413, 465n
, 501n
-
Couve de Murville, Maurice, 104, 190, 193, 202, 288, 538–539, 978, 984
- Covert operations (see also
Unconventional warfare), 448, 571, 640, 715–716, 960, 995, 1032–1034
-
Craig, Brig. Gen. William H., 363n
, 414,
417–418, 426–429
-
Creel, Robert C., 129, 203–205, 482n
, 668, 670n
- Croizat, Col. (France), 648
-
Cross, Charles T., 456n
, 483n
, 507n
, 520n
, 523n
, 531n
, 534n
, 540n
, 542n
, 548n
, 557n
, 559n
, 568n
, 573n
, 575n
, 593n
, 596n
, 597n
, 604n
, 609n
, 612n
, 615n
, 616n
, 657n
, 661n
, 670n
, 696n
, 698n
, 781n
, 787n
, 833n
, 848n
, 856n
, 908n
, 914n
, 915n
, 944, 954n
, 968n
, 1010n
, 1014n
- Cuba, 5, 10, 227, 772, 917, 923–924, 965n
, 973
-
Cumming, Hugh S., Jr., 12
-
Cushman, Maj. Gen., 659
-
Cutler, Walter L, 456n
, 688
- Czechoslovakia, 114
-
Czyzak, John J., 176n
-
Daoud Khan, Mohammad, 111
-
de Beaumarchais, Jacques, 538
-
de Gaulle, Charles, 1–2, 4, 22, 69,
115, 214–217, 236n
-
de Lattre de Tassigny, Gen. Jean, 3
-
Decker, Gen. George H., 42, 44, 150–153, 164, 169, 658, 722, 729, 734–735, 744
- Declaration on the Neutrality of Laos, 854,
856, 861, 863, 871, 907, 1007
- Defense, U.S. Department of, 3n
, 327, 475, 680, 838, 855
- Defense Intelligence Agency, U.S., 578–579
-
Desai, Moraji, 434, 494
-
Deuane, Col. Sunnalath, 948, 951, 967–968, 1055
-
Diefenbaker, John, 307
-
Diem, Ngo Dinh. See
Ngo Dinh
Diem
.
-
Dien Bien Phu, 721, 810
-
Dillon, C. Douglas, 144,
840n
, 1049n
-
Dirksen, Everett M., 629,
631, 772–773
- Disarmament, 235, 679, 979, 1006
-
Dixon, Pierson, 345, 538
-
Dobrynin, Anatoliy F., 110, 231, 741, 748, 768, 774, 1010, 1012, 1045n
-
Dollison, Robert B., 699
- Domino theory, 19–21, 168, 760,
994n
-
Douglas, James H., Jr., 1–5, 12
-
Douglas-Home, Alec. See
Home,
Lord.
-
Drozniak, Edward, 1009–1010
-
Drummond, Roscoe, 19
-
Duke, Angier Biddle, 940,
1052
-
Dulles, Allen W., 1, 48, 68n
, 69n
, 94n
, 95n
, 144, 163, 398, 465n
-
Dulles, John Foster, 216
-
Dungan, Ralph A., 136n
, 137n
, 909n
-
Durbrow, Elbridge, 158
- East-West conflict, 226–227, 232–233, 277
-
Easum, Donald B., 336n
- Egypt, 2
-
Eisenhower, Dwight D.,
1–8, 11, 19–22, 24n
, 25n
, 41–42,
143n
, 216, 741–742, 760–761
-
Eisenhower, Col. John S.D., 9–10
-
Eksakdi, Gen., 699
-
Erickson, Elden B., 67n
-
Evans, Harold, 304n
, 707
-
Ewell, Col. Julian, 377,
430n
, 560n
, 885n
-
Falaize, Pierre-Louis, 345, 365–366, 380
- Souvanna government, 407, 592, 614–616, 622,
643n
, 916
- talks with Souvanna, 390–391, 393,
616, 634n
-
Felt, Adm. Harry D., 10, 69–71, 75, 83, 104, 120–121, 384, 396, 977
- military situation in Laos, 561n
, 599–601, 658–661, 1031, 1033,
1034
- Plaines des Jarres recapture strategy, 72–74, 77–79, 87, 121n
- Thailand, U.S. troop deployment to, 735, 754–755, 986
- U.S. military aid to Laos, 662, 932–933
- U.S. military contingency planning for Laos, 163, 212, 268, 826–827, 988–989
- Finland, 411, 418,
422
-
FitzGerald, Desmond, 94n
, 95n
, 358,
711n
-
Fontana, Brig. Gen. Paul J., 88, 129n
, 142, 358, 366, 775, 809, 842
- Formosa Resolution, 750
- Formosa (see also
China, Republic of), 149
-
Forrestal, Michael V., 668, 677n
,
678n
, 696n
, 698n
, 755n
, 779n
, 789n
, 851n
, 914n
, 915n
, 970n
, 980n
, 1010n
- Agency for International Development, 931
- China, People’s Republic of, 940
- Geneva Accords, 1962, 860, 902–903, 906
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 882
-
Harriman mission to Moscow,
990, 1000, 1006
- International Control Commission, 930–931
- Laos, 781n
,
908, 936, 985, 1036
- political situation, 883, 911–913, 927, 931–932
- U.S. economic aid to, 855–856, 872–874, 909n
, 1046–1049
- Souvanna government, 885–886
- U.S. military aid to Kong Le forces, 928–929, 932–933, 1007–1008, 1016–1018
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 685, 775, 1014n
, 1019–1023
- State-Defense discussions on, 799–800, 809, 810n
, 812n
, 813n
, 815–817, 827–828, 830–832, 837–842, 845–846
-
Meos, 929–930
- military situation in Laos, 770, 787–788
- Nam Tha battle, 721–722, 725, 730n
, 734, 745–746
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 971–972, 974, 1018, 1035
- Pathet Lao-Kong Le conflict, 935–936
- nuclear weapons, 741n
- Phoumi, U.S. disagreements with, 681,
688n
, 694–695, 711–714, 783–785
-
Souphanouvong visit to
Washington, proposed, 925–926, 928n
- Souvanna government, 651, 653–654, 662, 667,
837–838,
885–886,
916–917
- Souvanna visit to Washington, July 1962,
874
- Thailand, 712–714, 758, 767–769, 882–883, 911
- visits:
- Southeast Asia, 796
- Vietnam, Republic of, 927n
- Fourteen-nation conference proposal, 76, 81, 90n
, 95, 98
-
Fowler, James R., 886,
888, 893, 911
- France (see also France and French subheadings under
other subjects), 76, 110, 164
- China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 253
- India, relations with, 220
- Thailand, relations with, 75
- United States, relations with, 34, 40, 43, 45–46, 313
- U.S. view of, 2–3, 17
- Franco, Generalissimo Francisco, 227
- Froment-Meurice (France), 538
-
Fromer, Julian P., 483
-
Fulbright, J. William, 632
-
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 307, 312, 489n
-
Gates, Thomas S., Jr., 5,
12–13, 15, 18, 19n
, 20, 22, 25
-
Gavin, James M., 69, 97n
, 129, 261n
, 275, 345, 538, 592n
, 594
- Geneva Accords, 1962 (see
also
International Control Commission), 859–860, 862, 943, 978–979, 995–997, 1014n
- Article 6, 1007
- compliance with, 875–876, 880,
902–903,
996–997,
1034, 1037
- Soviet position, 949
- U.S. position, 913, 945n
, 958, 1025–1027
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, position, 870
- Geneva Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Laos, July 20, 1954, 23, 135, 213, 262, 311, 328–329, 334, 471
- China, People’s Republic of, role in, 303
- French position, 220, 247
- Laotian position, 288, 937
- Soviet position, 225n
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962 (see also
International Control Commission):
- Asian neutral nations, role in, 177–178
- British position, 194–196, 206–212, 249,
464, 486, 854, 907
- Canadian position, 194, 196, 198,
201, 208, 486, 907
- cease-fire supervision, 201–202, 206–212, 240,
249, 251–252, 315, 327–335
- Cambodian position, 249
- Laotian proposals, 335
- Vietnam, Republic of, position, 212, 249
- cease-fire violations, 188–190, 224–225, 228–230, 379
- China, People’s Republic of, position, 410, 416, 451, 511,
517–518
- China, People’s Republic of-Soviet split at, 486, 489
- civilian technicians, 854
- co-chairman role, 411, 458, 472,
478
- failure of, responsibility for, 612–613
- five-power meeting proposal, 303, 306
- French position, 194, 198, 206–210, 249,
486, 854, 907
- French role in Laos, 213–214, 221,
408–409
- Indian position, 194, 196, 198,
208, 249, 309
- International Control Commission, 480,
488, 493–498
- Cambodian draft proposal, 328–329
- drafting committee, membership of, 380
- French draft proposal, 327–335
- Indian draft proposal, 327–335
- Soviet proposals, 335
- Laotian position, 280, 685n
- makeup of Laotian government during, 156
- military buildup to improve U.S. position at, 178, 182
- neutralization of Laos, 179, 312, 315
- partitioning of Laos, 259–260
- Pathet Lao role in, 190–194, 197–198, 201
- private armies, 852, 855
- resumption of, 838–839
- seating of Laotian delegations, 190–198, 199n
, 201–202, 267
- Australian position, 198
- Burmese position, 194, 198
- Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 198
- Philippine position, 194
- Vietnam, Republic of, position, 194
-
SEATO defense of Laos, 180, 312–313, 853,
855
- Soviet negotiation tactics, 376–379
- Soviet position, 116, 124–125, 201, 206–212, 240,
251–252,
402, 410–412, 414, 416,
436
- stalemate in, 272, 486, 510–511, 517–518
- talks:
- British-French-U.S., 856–857
- British-U.S., 179
- China, People’s Republic of-U.S., 253–254
- French-U.S., 179
- Thai position, 194, 212, 249,
713n
- Thai role in, 198
- U.S. briefing papers, FNL 0–1/1, 176–183
- U.S. minimum objectives for, 321–327, 453
- U.S. negotiating strategies for, 176–190, 303, 306,
485–489
- U.S. position, 178–179, 203,
248–249,
270–271,
315, 327–335, 486, 854
- U.S public opinion, 176
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 318
- Germany, 230, 235,
401–402, 998, 1006
-
Gilpatric, Roswell L., 144, 268, 363n
, 443, 465n
, 789n
- Geneva Accords, 1962, 902
- Laos:
- Nam Tha battle, 722, 745
- Phoumi, sanctions against, 711
- Southeast Asia, military contingency planning for, 383, 390
- U.S. troop deployment to Thailand, 758
-
Gleeck, Lewis E., Jr., 72
-
Glenn, Edmund S., 214,
283, 923, 936n
-
Gold, Ruth S., 705–706
-
Goodpaster, Gen. Andrew J., 1, 5, 9n
, 11,
42
-
Gray, Gordon, 5
- Greece, 629
-
Green, Howard C., 201–202, 497, 893n
-
Greenfield, Taylor H., 775
-
Greenhill, Denis, 245
-
Gromyko, Andrei A., 67, 145–146, 231, 402, 443, 452, 454–455, 539, 626, 902
- cease-fire proposals, 105–107, 124,
135, 137–138, 234–236
-
Gromyko, Andrei
A.—Continued
- cease-fire violations, 269, 678n
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 93–94, 190–194, 197, 201–202, 234–236, 241,
862
- International Control Commission, 23,
252, 1009
- neutralization of Laos, 82, 188, 247
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 957, 962, 976, 978, 984, 986,
990, 997, 1000, 1003–1005
-
Guetta, A., 1048
- Gulf of Siam, 730, 733, 735, 745–746
- Gulf of Tonkin, 340, 384, 973n
,
975, 986
-
Gullion, Edmund A., 556
-
Guthrie, John C., 575n
, 833n
-
Haffner, Col., 659–660
-
Hagerty, James C., 1
-
Hall, Brig. Gen. Linscott A., 578n
-
Halleck, Charles A., 632
- Hammarskjold, Dag, SEATO role in Laos,
3
-
Hansen, Kenneth R., 390, 909n
, 1049
-
Harkins, Lt. Gen. Paul D., 658, 797, 834–836
-
Harriman, Marie, 254n
-
Harriman, W. Averell, 210n
, 221n
, 236n
, 264n
, 273n
, 282n
, 507n
, 531n
, 534n
, 548n
, 557n
, 559n
, 565n
, 573n
, 593n
, 597n
, 604n
, 612n
, 615n
, 616n
, 620n
, 696n
, 698n
, 731n
, 755n
, 779n
, 781n
, 794n
, 848n
, 852n
, 853n
, 854n
, 855n
, 914n
, 915n
- British-U.S. relations, 708
- Central Intelligence Agency, 796
- consultations in Washington, 353, 366, 380,
489
- covert activities, 715
- Geneva Accords, 1962, 860, 862, 884, 902,
933–934
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 191, 203,
206–210,
303, 306, 374, 440, 443, 907
- cease-fire violations, 224–225, 241, 379
- China, People’s Republic of, position, 451
- China, People’s Republic of-U.S. talks, 253–254
- Indian position, 309
- International Control Commission, China, People’s Republic
of, position, 526–527
- Soviet position, 435–437, 568
- stalemate in, 510, 517–518
- government of councils proposal, 634
- International Control Commission, 251–252, 275, 285,
295–296,
363–364,
478, 488, 493–498, 1003, 1008–1010
- Laos, 241, 883, 936
- British economic aid to, 888,
895
- French economic aid to, 888,
895
- French role in, 213–214
- neutralization of, 243–244, 283
- political situation, 446, 911
- U.S. economic aid to, 541–542, 851, 858, 1048–1049
- U.S. military aid to, 540,
665–666, 1016–1017
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 864, 866, 1014n
, 1021,
1030–1034, 1041
- withdrawal of foreign troops, 896–897, 905, 933–934
- Meos, 398, 893–894
- military situation in Laos:
- Pathet Lao, 355n
, 456, 576–577
- Pathet Lao-Kong Le conflict,
935
- Phoumi, U.S. disagreements with, 535–536, 543, 657,
665–666,
675, 679–680, 688, 694–695, 711–712, 714
- prisoners of war, 670–671, 1052
-
SEATO/U.S. military intervention
in Laos, 172, 681, 776
- settlement of Laos crisis, 595–596
- Souphannouvong visit to the United States, 925n
, 926
- Southeast Asia, 777
- Souvanna government, 250–251, 261–263, 541–542, 544,
545n
, 576–577, 640–642, 916–917
- cabinet selection, 422, 522–523, 571–572, 613–614, 617, 622, 837–838
- Defense and Interior posts, dispute over, 590–591, 603, 667, 671, 677–680
- Phoumi role in, 655, 692, 783–785
- Soviet aircraft, downing of, 438–439
- talks:
- Phoumi, 653, 655, 661–664, 682
- Luang Prabang, Apr. 1961,
156n
- Vientiane, Sept. 1961, 421–425
- Vientiane, Mar. 1962, 668–669
-
Sarit, 653, 655–656, 663–664
-
Sarit and Phoumi,
Nong Khai, Mar. 1962, 664, 667–668, 677
- Souvanna Phouma, 302, 397, 403, 406
- Geneva, June 1961, 243, 261–263
- Geneva, Jan. 1962, 584–585
- New Delhi, 1961, 97n
- Paris, July 1961, 286–288
- Phnom Penh, 1961, 174
- Rangoon, Sept. 1961, 403, 406–407, 411n
, 413, 415–416, 419–423, 622
- Washington, July 1962, 874, 879, 881
- Thailand, 911
- Three Princes meetings, 258,
432, 609, 665
- tripartite talks on Laos, 345–347, 349
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 867–870
- Vietnam, Republic of, 448,
626, 628, 863n
, 869–870, 882
- visits:
- London, Paris, 978–979, 984, 988–989, 991
- Moscow, Apr. 1963, 971–972, 974, 978, 984–991, 993, 997–998, 1000–1006
- Paris, 986, 988–989, 991
- Southeast Asia, Apr.–May 1961, 140, 142, 143n
, 158, 165
-
Hasey, John F., 47, 198, 604n
, 655n
, 677
-
Heeney, A.D.P., 11n
-
Heintges, Brig. Gen. John A., 13, 73, 75,
79
-
Heinz, Adm. Luther C., 556, 696n
,
775, 806n
-
Helms, Richard, 644n
-
Henry, David H., 696n
-
Herter, Christian A., 1–8, 11–16, 18–25, 26n
, 41
-
Heuan Mongkhonvilay, Gen., 391n
, 837n
, 849
-
Hillenbrand, Martin J., 538
-
Hilsman, Roger, 88, 94n
, 501n
, 654, 731n
, 832n
, 968n
,
980n
, 990n
, 1010n
, 1014n
- Agency for International Development, 931
- Geneva Accords, 1962, 902
- International Control Commission, 895–896, 930–931
- Laos:
- political situation, 927, 931–932, 953, 985
-
SEATO/U.S. military
intervention in, 775
- U.S. economic aid to, 888,
1051
- U.S. military aid to, 688–691, 711, 928–929, 1016–1017
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 801, 816–817, 1014n
,
1021, 1030–1031, 1032, 1041–1042
- Meos, 929–930
- military situation in Laos, 729, 734, 1052
- Nam Tha battle, 742n
, 745, 747–748
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 887, 970–972, 973n
, 974–975, 976n
, 992, 994
- U.S. troop deployment to Thailand, SEATO role in, 758
- Viet Minh, 893–894, 897–901
- Vietnam, Republic of, 834, 917, 927n
- H’mong. See
Meos.
- Ho Chi Minh, 219, 445, 867, 993
- Ho Chi Minh Trail, 236, 255, 314, 404, 873
- Hoang Nguyen, 867
-
Hollingsworth, R.E., 722n
-
Home, Lord, 5, 119–121, 137n
, 142, 188, 247, 538–539, 738, 997n
, 1004
- British-U.S. talks, 116–118
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 190, 193,
197, 202
- International Control Commission, 23,
135, 245–246
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 957, 962, 976, 987, 990
-
SEATO/US military intervention
in Laos, 132–133
- tripartite talks, 345, 347–351, 365, 368,
378
-
Hood, Viscount, 119, 142
-
Hoover, J. Edgar, 144
-
Houane, 548n
-
Hounpanh Bounthieng, 763
- House of Representatives, U.S., Foreign Relations Committee,
681
-
Hoyer Millar, Frederick, 116, 119
-
Hughes, Thomas L., 748, 953–954, 976n
-
Hull, Gen., 212
-
Humphrey, Hubert H., 226, 633, 773
-
Imhof, Johannes V., 1010n
- India (see also India and Indian subheadings under other
subjects), 76, 179–180, 216, 238, 470, 1026
- Canada, relations with, 307n
, 311
- China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 891
- China, People’s Republic of-U.S. war, 163
- France, relations with, 220
- Pakistan, relations with, 628
- United States, relations with, 162
- Indochina (see also
Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam, Republic of; Vietnam,
Democratic Republic of), 216, 937
- Indonesia, 16, 160,
760
- Inigaki (Japanese journalist), 209
- Inpeng, 508, 651–652
- Intelligence capabilities, 123, 1026
- International Conference on the Settlement of the Laotian Question. See Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962.
- International Control Commission (ICC):
- British position, 4–5, 10–11, 68, 70, 135, 245–246, 268, 295n
, 369,
496, 989, 991
- British-U.S. talks, 954
- Cambodia, 267, 328–329, 334, 411
- Canadian position, 11, 16, 269, 295n
, 307, 324,
369, 496–497, 906, 930–931
- Canadian role in, 857–858, 893,
1057
- cease-fire supervision, 245–246, 248–249, 268–269, 275,
316
- China, People’s Republic of, position, 245, 269, 416, 480,
526–527
- costs of operation, 333–334
- foreign troops, withdrawal of, 864–865, 905
- French position, 257, 267, 287,
295n
, 327–335, 369
- Geneva Accords, 1962, 943, 906
- helicopters, use of, 888, 895–896
- Ho Chi Minh Trail, policing of, 873
- Indian position, 245, 267, 307–312, 316,
327–335,
369, 494, 496, 906, 930–931
- Indian role in, 16, 138, 218,
470, 859–860, 1057
- Laotian control of, 262, 287, 352,
936n
- Laotian position, 313
- MacDonald compromise, 295
- military situation in Laos:
- Air America plane, downing of, 922
- Nam Tha battle, 724, 743, 780
- Padong battle, 239–241
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 955–956, 960, 962–963, 965
- Pathet Lao, 172n
, 934
- Plaines des Jarres operations, 997n
, 1002–1003, 1009, 1057
- Polish role in, 16, 262, 463,
1044, 1045n
, 1057
- powers of, 113, 285, 287, 289, 311,
314, 363–364
- Burmese position, 369
- Thai position, 369
- Vietnam, Republic of, position, 369
- private armies, 852
- reactivation of, 4–5, 17, 51, 64–66, 70, 98, 138
- British-Canadian-U.S. talks on, 11, 16, 18, 23,
27, 34
- Cambodian position, 11
- Indian position, 9–10, 23,
64
- Thai position, 10, 16
- reports by, 480, 488, 493–498
- Souvanna government, 875, 881
- Soviet position, 16, 64–66, 228–230, 235–236, 295, 462,
488
- Soviet proposals, 135, 267, 295–296, 335,
411, 488
- Soviet role in, 859–860, 989,
991
- Thai role in Laos, 199
-
U.N. role in, 343, 803–804
- unanimity rule, 187, 201, 206–212, 217–219, 224–225, 332,
436, 462, 471, 480, 488, 942–943
- U.S. position, 5–6, 16–17, 51, 98, 295n
, 369, 462, 942–943
- Viet Minh failure to withdraw, 906,
930–931
- Vietnam, 334, 343
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 172n
- withdrawal from Laos, 1957, 23
- International Cooperation Administration (ICA), 70, 368, 388, 475–476, 838
- International Court of Justice, 861
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 1047
- International Red Cross, 110, 671
- Iran, 110, 168,
216
-
Irwin, John N. II, 12
- Isle of Pines, 979
-
Janow, Seymour J., 878, 888–889, 893, 911, 1048
- Japan, 44, 149,
216–217, 751
-
Jenkins, Alfred leS., 245, 253n
, 337n
, 355n
-
Johnson, Charles, 704n
, 722n
-
Johnson, Gerald, 722n
-
Johnson, Lyndon B., 68n
, 72, 95n
, 144, 162n
, 171, 630–631, 961n
, 963n
, 985
-
Johnson, Robert H., 258n
, 259–260, 354n
, 355n
, 359, 390n
, 417n
, 426n
,
469n
, 565–567
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 312–315, 327, 377–379
- International Control Commission, 327,
498
- military contingency planning, 376–377, 399, 413–415
- Southeast Asia, 317–320
- Souvanna government, 474–476, 528–530, 545n
-
Johnson, U. Alexis, 144, 146n
, 159n
, 171n
,
185n
, 195n
, 208n
, 210n
, 253n
, 266n
, 273n
, 282n
, 286n
, 306n
, 309n
, 309, 354n
, 402n
, 408n
,
418n
, 430n
, 456n
, 466n
, 483n
, 493n
, 501n
, 507n
, 512n
, 524n
, 559n
, 657n
, 661n
, 665n
, 670n
, 797n
, 806n
, 933n
, 990n
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 489
-
Kong Le forces, 922
- Laos, 985
- political situation, 69, 446
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 308, 337–340, 358, 866
- State-Defense discussions on, 801, 809, 812, 831n
, 842
- U.S. policy, 142, 150, 153
- Laotian military strength, 525
- Nam Tha attack, 718
- reassignment to Washington, 76
-
SEATO fact-finding commission
proposal, 52
-
SEATO/U.S. military intervention
in Laos, 183, 276, 413–414
- Southeast Asia, 322–325, 440
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, 1n
, 407
- Southeast Asian Task Force, 400
- Souvanna government, 323, 571, 613,
642–644,
655–656
- Soviet aircraft, downing of, 438
- Three Princes meetings, 256–259, 539n
- Viet Minh, 324, 896
- Johnson Plan, 382–383
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 13–14, 35, 109–110, 579–583, 627, 680
- documents:
- CM 85–61, 77
- J2DM 63–61, 59
- JCSM 232–61, 121–123
- JCSM 460–61, 292–294
- JCSM 704–61, 449
- JCSM 12–62, 580–583
- JCSM 13–62, 13
- JCSM 376–62, 742–744
- JCSM 431–62, 829–830
- JCSM 330–63, 999–1000
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 292–294
- Laos:
- military situation, 1, 121–122, 292–293, 564, 599, 600n
, 624, 742–744, 973, 999–1000
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 72n
, 1014n
,
1019–1020, 1029–1030
- Laotian panhandle, securing of, 360, 362
- State-Defense discussions on, 799, 801, 811, 826, 829–830, 843, 845
- role in cold war, 579n
-
SEATO/U.S. military
intervention, 94n
,
123, 164, 169–170, 447, 449n
, 666
- Southeast Asia, military contingency planning for, 366–368, 370
- Thailand, 9, 123, 292, 754–755, 986–987
-
Jorden, William, 444
- Kachins, 282
- Kamoune Boupha. See
Khamoune Boupha.
- Kampheuane, 837n
- Karins, 282
- Kashmir, 628
- Katanga, 567, 678n
-
Kaysen, Carl, 596n
, 722n
, 730n
, 758, 840n
, 885n
, 886, 893, 904, 909n
, 1034n
- Kaysone, 543, 925,
1053
-
Kennan, George F., 400, 402, 403n
, 408, 409n
, 412n
-
Kennedy, John F., 68n
, 127n
, 145n
, 172n
, 176n
, 195n
, 388n
, 421n
, 512n
, 620n
, 644n
, 665n
, 852n
, 853n
, 854n
, 856n
- Air America plane, downing of, 923
- Berlin crisis, 473
- British-U.S. talks, 116–118, 162n
, 706–708
- Cambodian neutrality, 774
- China, People’s Republic of, 940–941
- Cuba, 973, 975, 987
- domino theory, 994n
- Geneva Accords, 1962, 860, 884, 902
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 105–107, 185, 187,
189, 307, 315, 353, 368n
, 489
-
Harriman mission to Moscow,
987, 990, 1000–1002
- International Control Commission, 470,
493–497,
937
-
Khrushchev, correspondence
with, 473–474, 506, 1000–1001
- Kuomintang irregulars, 63n
- Laos, 595–596, 608, 712–714
- army capabilities, 290, 292, 296, 623
- British economic aid to, 886,
908
- congressional briefing on, 626–628, 630–633
- French role in, 213n
, 214n
, 886, 908
- neutrality of, 100, 283–286
- partition of, 324, 337
- Phoumi, U.S. disagreements with, 482–483, 500, 501n
, 565, 598, 657, 662, 665–666, 694, 698, 711–712, 783, 785n
- political situation, 112, 446, 781n
, 911
-
SEATO role in,
French-U.S. differences over, 101–103
- Soviet influence in, 1031
- United States, relations with, 685–687
- U.S. economic aid to, 851,
855, 862, 885, 1046, 1048–1049, 1051
- dollar drain, 872, 885
- U.S. military aid to, 662,
665–666, 787, 862, 914–915, 939, 1016–1017, 1041–1042
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 358, 413, 789–790, 802, 813, 815–816, 839, 845–848, 1019, 1021–1023, 1036–1037
- U.S. military intervention in, 772
- U.S. policy, 142, 166, 412, 579
- Meos, 398
- military situation in Laos, 45, 62, 71, 426, 1052
- Nam Tha battle, 719–723, 729, 734–735, 740–742, 745–748
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 935, 957–958, 960, 962, 965, 968–975, 971–973, 991–995, 1018
- Plaines des Jarres recapture strategy, 72–74,
77–79, 84
- neutral nations commission proposal, 48–50
- policy differences with Eisenhower administration, 215, 228,
233–234,
874
- presidential transition meetings, 19–22, 24–25, 41–42
-
SEATO/U.S. military
intervention:
- Souphanouvong visit to Washington, proposed, 925, 928n
- Southeast Asia, 26–27, 440, 443
- military contingency planning for, 321–325, 341, 366, 370–371, 376, 387, 390–394, 397–399, 4
- Soviet-U.S. talks, 452, 454–455
- Souvanna government, 545n
, 571–573, 607n
, 941–942
- Souvanna visits, 91–92, 1052–1054
- Soviet-U.S. relations, 80, 452, 454–455, 923–924
- Soviet view of, 30
- talks:
-
Khrushchev, Vienna,
June 1961, 210–212, 224–236, 401, 782n
, 860, 924, 1001n
, 1004–1005, 1044
-
Sarit and Phoumi,
Nong Khai, Mar. 1962, 663, 664n
- Souvanna, July 1962, 872n
, 874–877
- Thailand, 607n
,
788, 791, 911
- U.S. military advisers in combat roles, 130
- Viet Minh, 417, 937
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 319n
, 354
- Vietnam, Republic of, 417, 869–870, 1053
- visits, Paris, May-June 1961, 214–220
-
Kennedy, Robert F., 144, 150–151, 153, 183, 371n
, 726, 758, 782n
, 985
- military situation in Laos, 745, 973–974
- Southeast Asia, military contingency planning for, 390, 395–396, 399
-
Keo Viprakone, 204, 508, 825, 837n
, 850
-
Ketsana, Col. Vongnarath, 934, 936n
,
951, 966, 1002
- Kham Ouane. See
Khamouane Boupha, Gen.
- Khamking, Prince, 607
- Khamouane Boupha, Gen., 243,
457, 623n
, 858, 920, 1054–1055
-
Khampan, Prince, 685–687, 783, 936, 944, 1051
- Khampham Boupa, 391n
,
837n
, 849
- Khamphan Panya, 3n
, 174, 508, 548, 558n
, 606, 651–652, 668
- Khamsing, 391n
, 548
- Khamsouk Keola, cabinet role for, 287, 391n
, 643n
, 675, 837n
, 849
- Khas, 282, 582, 744, 802, 873, 996, 1057
- Khoun One Vorang, 837n
,
849
- Khoun One Voravong, 643n
-
Khrushchev, Nikita S., 48, 110–111, 116, 145n
, 926, 1000–1005
- Berlin, 294, 318
- China, People’s Republic of-Soviet relations, 943
- communism, 243
- Geneva Accords, 1962, 860, 884, 906, 933,
939
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 235–236, 241, 308,
342, 459–460, 627
- Harriman mission to Moscow, 997–998
- health of, 862, 1006
- International Control Commission, 1003, 1009
-
Kennedy, correspondence
with, 473–474, 506, 1000–1001
- Laos, 136, 772, 905
- cease-fire in, 105, 125, 240–241, 707
- neutralization of, 75, 80–82,
86, 148, 188, 418
- Soviet-U.S. talks, 459–461, 471–472, 1043–1045
- support for accords in, 782n
, 937, 1045, 1053
- military situation in Laos:
- Nam Tha battle, 726, 740, 747
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 957–958, 960, 962, 965, 970, 972, 974–979
- Pathet Lao, 17
- Southeast Asia, 318–319, 374,
452
- Souvanna cabinet selection, 506, 522
- Soviet political situation, 984, 987
- talks with Kennedy:
- Vienna, June 1961, 210–212, 224–236, 401, 782n
, 860, 924, 1001n
, 1004–1005, 1044
-
1963 proposal, 900
- untrustworthiness of, 287
- Viet Minh, 896, 906, 933, 939
- Vietnam conflict, 445
-
Klein, David S., 925n
-
Kohler, Foy D., 93, 101, 116, 119, 124n
, 231, 245, 454, 538
-
Komer, Robert W., 1036–1037, 1041
-
Kong Le, 74, 181, 265, 392, 463, 525n
,
554n
, 650, 674, 879
- coup, Aug. 1960, 8, 74, 76
- French support of, 38, 912, 964,
1011, 1033
- instability of, 980–981
- Meos, 508, 951, 981–982
- military situation in Laos, 1n
, 157, 583, 722,
727
- Pathet Lao, 355
- attacks on, 954–957, 959, 961, 971–972
- split with, 268, 346, 348, 398, 629, 895, 912, 928, 935–937, 950–952, 1056
- political leanings of, 243
-
Quinim assassination, 953n
, 954
- Souvanna government, 643n
, 847, 850, 916n
, 918n
, 927–929
- U.S. military aid to forces of, see under
Laos
- U.S. view of, 469, 475n
, 919–920
- visit to Paris, 1962, 708, 725
- Korea, 2, 149, 168, 319, 686
- Korea, Republic of, 216, 773, 812
- Status of Forces Agreement with the United States, 848
- Korean war, 14, 44,
761, 810n
, 944
-
Koren, Henry L.T., 545n
, 548n
, 657n
, 661n
, 665n
, 670n
, 696n
, 698n
, 740n
, 781n
, 852n
, 853n
, 854n
, 856n
, 886n
, 888, 908n
, 914n
, 915n
,
933n
, 954n
, 968n
, 1010n
, 1014n
, 1042n
- Laos, 775, 874, 893, 911, 944,
1041, 1048
- Thailand, 894, 911, 922
- Kot, 552
-
Kouprasith Abhay, Gen., 502, 651–652, 763
-
Kriebel, P. Wesley, 775
-
Kuchel, Thomas, 773
- Kuomintang irregulars, 60–61, 63, 145
-
Kushnir, N., 923
-
Kuznetzov, Vasiliy V., 15,
110, 209, 603n
-
Lall, Arthur, 494, 518, 907
-
Laloy, Jean, 538
-
Lansdale, Gen. Edward G., 445, 711, 980n
- Laos:
-
see also
-
Boun Oum-Phoumi
government
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962
- International Control Commission
- Meos
- Military situation in Laos
- Neo Lao Hak Xat
- Pathet Lao
- Souvanna government
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization/U.S. military
intervention
- Three Princes meetings
- Laos and Laotian subheadings under other subjects
- absolute monarchy in, 701
- anti-government forces, numbers of, 623
- areas of government control, 254–255
- arms reduction agreements, 16
- army demobilization, 479, 912, 1026
- assassinations in, 934, 936n
, 951, 953–955, 966–967, 1050,
1055
- Australian economic aid to, 852, 1050
- Australian military intervention in, 43
- Auto-Defense Corps, 263
- Ban Na Mon meeting, 159, 174, 190,
195, 203–205, 281–282, 301–302, 335–336, 416, 424
- British economic aid to, 852, 873, 886,
908–910,
913, 1048, 1050, 1052–1053
- buffer state role for, 404, 729–730, 732, 876
- cease-fire in, 188–190, 438,
789–790
- British proposals, 100, 104–107, 109, 124–125, 160
- Canadian position, 201
- French position, 675
- Indian position, 675
-
Kong Le proposal,
159, 174, 190
- Pathet Lao call for, 171–172
- Polish position, 679
- Soviet delay of, 115–116, 124–127, 129
- Soviet position, 145–146, 678n
, 679
- Soviet proposal, 135, 137–139
- U.S. response to violations of, 778–781, 797–799
- China, People’s Republic of, military intervention in, 36, 344–345, 430–431, 720,
727
- air bases in, 752
- Soviet control over, 619
- “volunteers”, 40, 60–61
- China, People’s Republic of, road building in, 701, 941,
950
-
CIA covert support of, 715–716
- coalition government (see also
Souvanna government), 281, 406
- Committee for the Defense of National Interests (CDNI), 668
- communist subversion techniques, 470
- communist takeover of, 104n
, 164, 515, 627
- conference in Cambodia on, 11n
, 24,
33
- congressional briefing on, 625–633
- Danish role in, 222
- defense of, 259–260
- diplomacy vs. military action, 258–259, 270
- disarmament of military forces in, 179, 184–185, 199n
- economic situation, cost reduction, 910
- failure to act in, results of, 28, 30–31, 166–168, 217, 822,
983
- federalism, 945–948
- food shortages, 288
- foreign troops, withdrawal of, 333,
380, 408–409, 905
- fourteen-power conference proposal, 76,
81, 90n
, 95,
98
- French economic aid to, 813, 852, 857,
873, 879, 886, 908–910, 913–914, 1036, 1048,
1050, 1052–1053
- French military aid to, 858–859, 865,
912
- French role in, 115, 247, 365,
480–481
- China, People’s Republic of, position, 480–481
- Laotian position, 12, 262, 353, 366
- military intervention, 74, 218–219
- military mission, withdrawal of, 12–13
- military training, 213, 221–222, 347–348, 365
- Soviet position, 408–409, 480–481
- Thai position, 405
- U.S. position, 12–13, 213–214, 221–222
- Germany, Federal Republic of, position, 19
- government of councils proposal, 622n
, 634n
, 635–636, 644, 647,
649–650
- government of national unity, see
Souvanna government
- government of technicians proposal, 81–82, 324
- Indian role in, 222
- integration of military forces, 348–349, 377–379, 638
- Japanese economic aid to, 852, 873
- Kuomintang irregulars in, 60–61, 63, 145
- Meos:
- U.S. military aid to, 18, 62–63,
272, 705–706, 958, 961, 964–965, 981–982, 1008
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 263–264, 802
- military action as foundation for negotiations, 71, 95–96
- Military Assistance Advisory Group, 186, 773
- military situation, see
Military situation in Laos
- multilateral aid to, 199n
- Neutralist Party (LPK), 872–873, 875
- Congress, Phongsavan, Oct. 1961,
463
- neutralization of, 71, 113–114, 283–286, 312, 315
- Pakistani military intervention in, 43
- palatine of, 112, 114
- partition of, 254–256, 342–343
- Australian position, 339
- Cambodian position, 153
- east and west zones, 428, 947, 949
- Laotian position, 703–704
- military contingency planning for, 323, 1020
- New Zealand position, 339
- north and south sectors, 186,
761
- Philippine position, 339
- Thai position, 339, 776
- Thailand, effect on, 621
- three-way split proposal, 223,
236–239, 255–256, 761
- unity, comparison with, 354–358, 425–426
- U.S. position, 567, 1028
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, position, 949
- Vietnam, Republic of, effect on, 258–259, 621
- Philippine military aid to, 297, 854–857, 868
- police reorganization, 469
- police training:
- French role in, 540–541
- Indonesian role in, 529
- Malayan role in, 529
- U.S. role in, 540–541
- political situation, 440–442, 466–467, 556,
560–561,
911–913
- coalition government:
- elections, 32, 180, 246, 271, 516, 592, 771, 873
- political parties, non-communist, 528–529
- Souvanna resignation threat, 918–921
- Soviet position, 1012
- pre-coalition interim government, 747,
762, 765–766
- private armies in, 852, 855
- Santiphab, 966
-
SEATO role in, 19–20, 22, 41, 107–108, 477, 480
- British position, 21, 79
- China, People’s Republic of, position, 471
- communist position, 312–313
- French position, 21, 79, 101–103
- Indian proposal, 478
-
JCS position, 14
- Laotian renunciation of, 853,
855
- Soviet position, 471–472
-
U.N. position, 3
- Seno base, 12, 50, 74, 163, 223, 288, 348–349, 354n
, 527
- Soviet economic aid to, 873
- Soviet influence in, 1031, 1035, 1045–1046
- Soviet military aid to, 124, 1032
- Soviet policy, U.S. position, 15
- Statement on the Neutrality of Laos, 907
- Swedish role in, 222
- Swiss role in, 222
- talks on:
- British-Soviet, 463–464
- British-U.S., 116–121, 162n
, 245–247, 704–708
- French-U.S., 214, 220
- Soviet-U.S., 93–94, 355, 1044–1046
- tripartite, 345–351, 365, 368, 378, 456–457
- Thai economic aid to, 710
- Thai military aid to, 1043
- Thai military intervention in, 258–260, 272, 367,
384, 390, 399, 413–415, 428, 750–752, 1019
- Thai tribals in, 582
- Thailand, traditional enmity with
- tribal people (see also
Meos; Khas;
Yaos), 876–877, 887
- tripartite working group report, 345–347, 350–353, 365
-
U.N. economic aid to, 470
-
U.N. role in, 115
- United States, relations with, 198–199
- U.S. economic aid to, 54, 469–470, 914, 1046–1049, 1051
- cash grants, 888, 895, 910
- corruption and waste in, 878
- U.S. economic aid to—Continued
- dollar drain, 872, 885–886, 1049
- Meo relief, 604, 913, 995–996, 1007
- monthly payments, 705–706
- Neutralist Party newspaper subsidies, 879–880
- non-project program, 909–910, 913
- Pathet Lao position, 263
- political objectives in, 182
- project program, 910, 913
- refugee relief, 995–996
- restoration of, 772
- road construction, 877, 910, 913, 932n
- rural development, 996
- U.S. intelligence needs, 86
- U.S. military aid to (see also
Military Assistance Advisory Group above),
297, 996–997, 1048
- aircraft, 1042–1043
- airlift of supplies and troops, 35–36
- artillery, 1016–1017, 1038
- Australian position, 1038
- British position, 1038
- force level increase, funding for, 123, 129
- French position, 1038
-
JCS-State Department
disagreement over, 7–8
-
Kong Le forces,
supply of, 914–915, 922, 928–929, 932–933, 939, 958, 963–965, 981, 1007–1008, 1014–1018
- military intelligence training course, 296
- neutralization, 54
- Plaines des Jarres forces, support of, 958, 963–965
- police training and salaries, 70–71
- Soviet position, 234–235
- troop bonuses, 9
- troop training, 35, 49, 275
- White Star teams, 678n
, 718
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 337–340, 358–359, 413–415, 795–796, 821, 1019–1030
- airfields, 354n
- Annamite cordillera, 817n
, 834–835
- Australian position, 316, 1036
- British position, 316, 1031, 1036
- China, People’s Republic of, reaction to, 805–806, 808, 836
- forces needed for intervention, 804, 810, 813–816, 819, 827
- French position, 1034, 1037
- guerrilla pacification, 811
- immediate actions, recommendations for, 823
- Laotian army role, 805, 829
- Laotian panhandle, securing of, 339, 342, 359–362
- Thai role in, 359
- Vietnam, Republic of, role in, 359
- Mekong Valley, occupation of, 801–802, 811–815, 817–821, 823, 827–829, 833–837, 842–843, 845, 847
- partition, 323, 1020
- Pathet Lao reaction to, 805
- Plaines des Jarres recapture strategy, 72–74,
77–79, 84–85
- post-Geneva Accords era, 793–794, 864
- Soviet reaction to, 805
- State-Defense discussions on, 799–802, 809–817, 826–836, 838–848, 1028–1030
- Thai occupation of Sayabouri, 802, 807–808, 810, 818–819
- U.S. deployment in Thailand, effect on, 792
- Vientiane, fall of, 174
- U.S. military intervention in, see
Laos
under
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization/U.S. military
intervention
- U.S. policy, 28–40, 83, 140–144, 161, 579–583, 586–588
- U.S. political debate on, 741–742, 760–761
- U.S. political objectives in, 166
- Veterans Association, 638
- Viet Minh military intervention in, 14,
334, 362, 430–431, 820–821
- Laotian position, 165, 173
- Soviet position, 229
- Viet Minh withdrawal from, 864, 875–876, 880, 896–901, 937
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, relations with, 288
- Vietnam, Republic of, military aid to, 14
- Vietnam, Republic of, military intervention in, 258–260, 272, 371–375
- Vietnam conflict, effect of, 937–938, 943
- Laotian Declaration of Neutrality, 854, 856, 861, 863, 871
-
Lapin, S.G., 1000
-
Lath, Tiao, 262
- League of Red Cross Societies, 264
- Lebanon, 761
- Lebanon-Jordan crisis, 63
- Lebel, Claude, 11n
, 75, 214
-
Ledward, R.T.D., 70n
, 245, 504
-
Ledwidge, W.B.J., 538
-
Legere, Col. Laurence, 909n
, 925n
, 1006n
, 1014n
-
LeMay, Gen. Curtis E., 150–151, 153–154, 800, 995
-
Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 68n
, 110, 254n
,
418n
, 465n
, 571, 789n
- cease-fire violations, 292–294
- Geneva Accords, 1962, 902
- Laos:
- U.S. military aid to, 16–17, 48–49, 275, 694, 904
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 77, 324, 337, 358, 360, 398
- Defense-State discussions on, 809, 811, 812n
, 829–830, 842, 846
- Plaines des Jarres recapture strategy, 72, 74, 78, 121n
- military situation in Laos, 5–6, 12–14, 290–292, 296–297, 626–628, 658,
660–661
-
SEATO/U.S. military intervention
in Laos, 1–3,
169–170,
172, 681
- Southeast Asia, 27
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, 42–44, 758
- Thailand, 4, 735, 758, 767, 773
- Viet Minh, 417, 771
- Vietnam, Republic of, 158, 417, 760
-
Leuam Insisiengmay, 222n
, 548, 558n
, 643n
, 645, 651–652, 668, 837n
,
850, 919
- Leuam Rajasombath, 508, 606, 825
-
Leurs, William H., 456n
-
Levchenko, Nikifor, 56
-
Lincoln, Evelyn, 19n
, 20n
-
Lippmann, Walter, 226
-
Little, E.S., 852n
, 853n
, 854n
- Luce, Adm. (UK), 268, 384
-
Lucet, Charles, 345, 538, 991n
-
Lyon, Cecil B., 538, 717n
-
MacDonald, Malcolm, 251,
345–346, 348, 464, 539, 575n
, 585n
, 588n
,
693, 707
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 295, 303,
410, 416, 435, 510–511, 517–518, 606–607, 861
- International Control Commission, 206–207, 209, 412,
526–527
- Nam Tha battle, 719–720, 724,
748
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, 472, 543–544
-
Macmillan, Harold, 1n
, 105, 210–212
-
Magathan, Col. Wallace G., 775, 779n
- Malaya, 34, 37, 57, 67, 180, 216, 426, 631
-
Malenkov, Georgi M., 234
- Manac’h (France), 538
-
Manfull, Melvin S., 380n
, 408n
, 451n
, 464n
, 481n
, 493n
- Manila Pact. See
Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty.
- Mann, Charles, 886
-
Mansfield, Mike, 147, 629–632
- Mao Tse-tung, 226–227, 374, 417, 876
-
Marshall, Gen. George C., 21
-
Martin, Edwin W., 253n
, 648
- Maung Maung Gyi, 867
-
Mayrand (UK), 512, 738
-
McCloy, John J., 245
-
McConaughy, Walter P., 155n
, 208n
, 211n
, 241n
, 253n
, 266n
, 273n
, 304n
, 309n
, 337n
, 456n
, 483n
, 499n
, 501n
, 507n
, 520n
, 523n
, 531n
- International Control Commission, 245
-
McConaughy, Walter
P.—Continued
- Laos, 150, 258–259, 263–264, 283
- Southeast Asia, 322
-
McCone, John A., 571–572, 711, 734n
, 773, 789n
, 796, 838n
, 872–873, 904, 985
- Cuba, 979, 995
- military situation in Laos, 762, 770, 964,
972n
, 974, 976,
991–992
- Thailand, 758, 767
- U–2 flights, 993
- U.S. military contingency planning, 741, 760–761, 795–796, 1021–1022, 1030–1034,
1041
-
McCormack, John, 632–633, 773
-
McCormick, William T., 486–488
-
McCrea, Col. W.S., 110n
, 613n
, 775, 980n
, 1042n
-
McGarr, Lt. Gen. Lionel C., 428
-
McGhee, George C., 68–69, 72, 76, 116, 119, 245, 531n
, 613, 801, 878
-
McKee, Gen. William F., 1021, 1030–1032
-
McKenzie, Col., 715
-
McNamara, Robert S., 19n
, 20n
, 68n
, 94n
, 95n
, 129n
, 144, 162n
, 167n
, 363n
,
429n
, 447n
, 449n
, 465n
, 578n
, 755n
, 789n
, 1031n
, 1049n
- Geneva Accords, 1962, 902
- Gulf of Tonkin, 993
- jet transport aircraft, 44
- Laos, 985
-
JCS position, 109
- Military Assistance Advisory Group, withdrawal of, 695, 904
- military capabilities, 773
- political situation, 273, 571, 911
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 86–87,
358, 1021, 1030–1034, 1041–1042
- Plaines des Jarres recapture strategy, 72, 78–79, 121
- State-Defense discussions on, 799, 802, 809–817, 819, 826–827, 831, 833–834, 842–848
- U.S. policy, 142, 150–154, 166–169, 580
- military situation in Laos, 110, 292, 658–661, 734–735, 878
- neutral nations commission proposal, 48
- presidential transition meetings, 19,
20n
, 41
-
SEATO/U.S. military
intervention:
- Southeast Asia:
- Thailand, 725, 743n
, 791, 883, 911
- Vietnam, Republic of, 144, 626, 628,
631–633,
760
-
Meeker, Leonard S., 306n
-
Menon, Krishna, 202, 238, 244, 269, 307, 309–310, 871
-
Menshikov, Mikhail A., 15, 56, 63–67, 145, 147, 231, 436n
, 454
-
Menzies, Robert G., 1
- Meos, 237, 282, 420, 561n
, 744,
844, 858, 873, 929–930, 1015, 1057
- increased troop strength, 388–390, 397–398, 582
-
Kong Le forces, cooperation
with, 951, 981–982
- logistics for support of, 873, 880, 894
- U.S. economic aid to, 604, 913, 995–996, 1007
- U.S. military aid to, 18, 62–63, 272, 705–706, 958,
961, 964–965, 981–982, 1008
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 263–264, 802
-
Merchant, Livingston T., 1–5, 11n
, 12,
17
-
Metcalf, Lee E., 309n
- Miaos. See
Meos.
- Micunovic, Veljko, 994
-
Mikoyan, Anastas I., 923–924, 933
- Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), 18, 157, 719
- British position, 137
- covert activities, 715–716
- Military situation in Laos, 441,
467, 658–661
- aerial reconnaissance, 398–399
- Air America plane, downing of, 921–924, 936n
, 1052
- Australian position, 140, 958, 1011–1012
- B–26 planes, bombing by, 109, 139–140, 143n
, 153
- battles:
- Ban Houei Sai, 730, 736
- Khang Khay, 961, 967, 994
- Mahaxay, 600–601, 603
- Muong Kassy, 127, 133
- Muong Sai, 139–140
- Muong Sing, 716, 718, 720–722, 724, 727, 740n
, 743
- Nam Bac, capture by Pathet Lao, 9
- Nam Beng Valley, 600
- Nam Tha, 600–601, 603, 614–616, 621–622, 717–721, 723–724, 729, 732, 741, 745, 1011
- cease-fire, effect on, 764, 771
- China, People’s Republic of, role in, 720, 773
- Laotian army, effect of defeat on, 726–728, 742–743, 755–756, 762–763, 769–770, 775–779
- Pathet Lao withdrawal from, 780, 783n
, 824n
, 825
- Soviet position, 611–612
- U.S. contingency planning after, 734–739, 748–754
- Padong, 200–201, 209, 224, 228, 239–241, 241n
, 242n
, 245, 252n
, 268–269, 293–294, 335
- Phou Khoun road junction, 48
- Plaines des Jarres, Feb.–Mar. 1961,
48, 62, 68
- Tha Thom, 562
- Thakhek, 127, 133, 136, 562
- Vang Vieng, 12
- Xieng Khouang, 994
- British position, 130–131, 137,
140, 957–958, 960, 1011–1012, 1016
- cease-fire, military operations during, 427–428
- China, People’s Republic of, military intervention, U.S.
retaliation for, 167
- French position, 130–131, 140,
958, 972, 1011, 1015
- Laotian army capabilities, 290–292, 296–297, 404,
524–525,
587, 599–601, 610, 763–764
- Laotian army leadership, deficiencies in, 84–85, 426–427, 429
- Laotian army morale, 38, 45, 173, 743, 1015
- Military Assistance Advisory Group, 705–706
- military balance of power in Laos, 951
- military representatives meeting, Ban Hin Heup, 621
- monsoon, effect of, 114–115, 318
- Pathet Lao attacks on government enclaves, 251–252, 257, 268
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 954–960, 966–967, 972–974, 1
- casualty figures for, 994n
-
Kong Le forces,
regrouping of, 990–994, 1007n
, 1008, 1010–1012, 1015–1016
- New Zealand position, 958
- Pakistani position, 958
- Philippine position, 958
- Soviet position, 976–979, 1000–1006
- Thai position, 958
- U.S. military response to, 971–980, 1035
- U.S. position, 961–965, 968–970, 1017n
- Pathet Lao dry season offensives, 337–338
- Philippine military advisers, 122,
128
- rightist coup, possible, 619
- Soviet aircraft, downing of, 438–439
- Soviet airlift, 53, 74, 124, 133, 441
- strengthening of military forces, 777–778
- Thai forces in Laos:
- troop levels of combatants, 157
- U.S. military advisers:
- China, People’s Republic of, position, 147n
- combat roles for, 130–131
- Soviet position, 145–146
- U.S. military airlift, 62
- Viet Minh military intervention, 167,
305
-
Molotov, V.M., 234
- Montagnards, 835
-
Moore, Charles R., 89,
90n
- Morris (UK), 299, 634n
-
Murrow, Edward R., 88, 144, 390, 399, 985
- National Security Council (NSC), 475, 959–960
- action memoranda:
- actions:
- meetings:
-
473d, Jan. 5, 1961, 6–8
-
479th, Apr. 27, 1961, 144, 146
-
480th, Apr. 29, 1961, 148n
, 154–155
-
481st, May 1, 1961, 162–164
-
482d, May 2, 1961, 164n
, 171, 173n
-
486th, June 29, 1961, 274, 341
-
511th, Apr. 10, 1963, 964–965
-
512th, Apr. 20, 1963, 976–980
-
513th, Apr. 22, 1963, 991–995
- Ne Win, 881
-
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 17, 82, 96–97, 121, 143, 158, 217, 220, 434
-
Neo Lao Hak Xat (NLHX) (see also
Pathet Lao), 92, 190, 243–244, 422, 592, 878, 1052
- Neutral nations commission proposal, 48–50
- Australian position, 55n
- British position, 55n
- Canadian position, 55n
- failure of, 70
- French position, 55n
- Laotian position, 91–92
- Pakistani position, 55n
- Philippine position, 55n
- Soviet position, 80–82
- Soviet-U.S. talks on, 55–58
- Thai position, 55n
- U.S. position, 49n
, 50n
, 51–55, 97
- New Zealand, 34
-
Ngo Dinh Diem, 158, 293, 407, 415, 417
- Laos, 164, 342–343, 367, 371–375, 428,
434
- military contingency planning, 403,
413n
, 414
- Soviet view of, 506
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, military intervention in, 876
- Vietnam, Republic of, 443–444, 863n
, 869
- political situation, 411, 441, 882, 1054
- security treaty with the United States, 448
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, military intervention in,
308, 316, 325, 428
-
Ngo Dinh Nhu, 863n
- Ngon Sananikone, 91, 174, 532, 548, 606, 668, 906, 919, 944, 1052
-
Nguyen Dinh Thuan, 863
- Nhouy Abhay, 508, 532, 651–652, 668
-
Niblock, Thomas C., 1048
-
Nitze, Paul H., 12, 48, 50n
, 88, 94n
, 95n
, 273n
, 273,
888, 893, 985
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 972, 974
-
SEATO/U.S. military intervention
in, 183
- Southeast Asia, defense of, 26
- U.S. military contingency planning for Laos, 72, 809, 842, 846
- U.S. policy on Laos, 142, 586–588
-
Nolting, Frederick E., Jr.,
144, 403, 405–406, 759, 863
-
Norodom Sihanouk, Prince. See
Sihanouk, Prince
Norodom
.
- North Atlantic Council, 979
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 30,
465
- Nou Ing Ratanavong, 648
- Nouhak Phoumsavan, 119, 543, 674, 925, 1052
- Nouphat Daoheuang, 652, 825
-
Nu, U, 881
- Nuclear war, 40, 152–153, 163, 294, 345, 753
- Nuclear weapons, 94n
,
741n
- nonproliferation, 965n
, 998
- testing, 202, 230, 235, 408, 965n
, 974,
998, 1006
-
O’Donnell, Gen. Emmett, Jr., 658–661
- Okinawa, 20, 39,
149, 993
- Operation Farmgate, 1041
- Operation Millpond, 96, 104n
-
Ormsby Gore, David, 504–505, 707–708
-
Ouane Ratrikoun, Brig. Gen., 273n
, 283, 762–763
- Oudom Souvannavong, 507, 532, 643n
,
651–652, 825
- Oudon Sananikone, 763
- Oun Heuan, 508, 532
- Pakistan, 39, 120–121, 168, 216, 776
- India, relations with, 628
-
Parker, Gen., 366
-
Parsons, J. Graham, 12, 26n
, 27n
, 28n
, 67n
, 85n
, 89n
, 93n
, 94n
, 95n
, 96n
, 98n
-
Pasouk, Gen., 927
- Pathet Lao (see also
Military situation in Laos;
Neo Lao Hak Xat (NLHX)), 15, 38, 237, 355, 683, 743, 787, 892–893, 938–939, 949–950
- Air America plane, downing of, 921–924, 936n
- arrest of members of, 938
- assassinations by, 934, 951
- attacks on government enclaves, 251–252, 257, 268
- bisection of Laos, 127, 133, 136,
140
-
Boun Oum-Phoumi government,
1n
, 554n
- British position, 46, 132n
- cease-fire, 171–172, 675
- China, People’s Republic of, military aid to, 624
- coalition government, 117
- consolidation of power by, 297–298, 355
- demobilization of, 181, 377–378, 422
- China, People’s Republic of, position, 456
- Soviet position, 456
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, position, 456
- diversion of U.S. weapons to, 583
- dry season offensives, 337–338, 381–382, 427–428
- elections, 516, 771
- force levels of, 133, 157, 348
- French role in Laos, 420
- Geneva Conference, role in, 190–194, 197–198, 201
- information ministry, control of, 837–838, 849
- International Control Commission, 172n
, 224
-
Kong Le, split with, 268, 346,
348, 398, 895, 912, 928, 935–937, 950–952
- life in area controlled by, 674
- military capabilities of, 103, 524–525, 578–589, 763–764, 771, 976
- neutralist-rightist cooperation against, 948–949, 951
- Padong battle, 239–241, 242n
- Phoumi, sanctions against, 683
- Plaines des Jarres, control of, 38
- prisoners of war, 110, 872, 874n
, 887
- Southern Laos, takeover of, 586–587
- Souvanna government, 268, 508, 520–521, 585,
889–891
- Soviet influence on, 411, 570, 576–577, 605,
1006, 1012, 1031
- Soviet military aid to, 15, 624, 743
- territory, retention of, 32, 100, 890–891
- tribal fighters in, 887
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, military aid to, 4, 172n
, 624,
972
- Patterson, Col., 658
- Peace Preservation Commission, 179, 185
-
Peck, Edward, 345
-
Persons, Gen. Wilton B., 20n
-
Peterson, Avery F., 256–257, 540n
, 541, 542n
, 573n
- Pezzulo, Lawrence, 478n
- Phagna Bouasy, 508
- Pham Van Dong, 876, 880
- Phangna Pholithat, 643n
- Pheng Norindr, 204–205, 651–652
- Pheng Phongsavan, 205, 463, 671–672, 674–675, 919
- Philippines (see also Philippines and Philippine
subentries under other subjects), 18,
39, 216–217, 776, 874n
, 887n
- Phouangphet Phanareth, 651–652, 715, 837n
, 850
-
Phoui Sananikone, 109, 113, 205, 238, 261, 503, 558n
, 651–652, 759
- cabinet role for, 450, 463
- British position, 539
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 480, 492,
574
- government of, 1958, 938
- Pathet Lao, 508, 516, 687
- political party, formation of, 475n
, 523,
528
- prime minister role for, 120, 433, 919
- role in interim government, 747, 762, 765–766
-
Phoumi Nosavan, Gen. (see also
Boun Oum-Phoumi
government; Three Princes meetings),
16, 87, 121n
, 250n
, 273, 620–621, 906, 983
- Air America, 929
- army reorganization, 298, 479, 912
- arrest of Kong Le officers,
912–913
- arrest of Souvanna aides,
938
- British view of, 613
- cabinet role for, 837n
, 849–850
- carrot-and-stick approach to, 604,
633–634,
637–641,
643–650,
683
- cease-fire, 159, 171, 174, 190, 299–302
- coalition government, 120, 261, 273,
298–302,
351, 368–369, 406
- elections, 875
- federalism, 945–946
- firing of aggressive commanders, 84–85
- fourteen-nation conference proposal, 91–92
- French view of, 2
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 280, 380,
847
- government of councils proposal, 622n
, 634n
, 635–636, 644, 647,
649–650
-
Harriman-Souvanna talks,
415
- International Control Commission, reactivation of, 17
-
Kong Le, support for, 939, 991–994, 1011
- Laotian army support for, 651–652
- Laotian-U.S. relations, 198–199, 282
- Military Assistance Advisory Group, 756–758, 900–901
- military intelligence training, 296
- military situation in Laos, 133, 136, 1013
- neutral nations commission proposal, 55, 91–92
- neutrality of Laos, 243–244, 283–286
- partition of Laos, 238, 256, 342–343, 428,
945n
- Pathet Lao, 949, 981
- political party formation, 879–880
- prime minister role for, 920
- removal from political role, 747, 749–750, 752, 756–759, 762–764, 784–785
- replacement of, 750
- role in interim government, 113, 765–766
- sanctions against, 612–616, 618–619, 657,
681, 688–691, 694–695, 705, 711–714
- British position, 693, 697
- French position, 693, 697
- Thai position, 699–701
- U.S. military aid, 662–663, 665–666, 675–677, 682–684, 838, 840
-
SEATO/U.S. military intervention
in Laos, 96, 99, 367, 413–414, 416
- settlement of Laos crisis, 595–597, 605–609
- Souvanna government, 463, 477, 840–841, 914–915, 919
- cabinet role in, 261, 548, 617, 1054
- Defense and Interior posts, dispute over, 514–516, 518–524, 549–552, 566–567, 572, 590–595, 597, 605–608, 637–640, 650, 677–678, 707n
- Thai-Laotian agreement on, 707–713, 716–717
- three administrative centers proposal, 577, 587
- Vice Premier role in, 533,
549n
,
567, 643
- Soviet view of, 611
- talks:
- Felt, 437–438
-
Harriman, Luang
Prabang, Apr. 1961, 158
-
Harriman,
Vientiane, Mar. 1962, 668
-
Harriman,
Vientiane, Sept. 1961, 421–425
- Souvanna, Phnom Penh, 1961, 69n
, 75–76,
82, 98
- Thailand, U.S. troop deployment to, 741, 744–746, 756,
819
- Three Princes meetings, 264–266, 313,
315–316,
492–493
- Geneva, Jan. 1962, 554n
, 555, 557n
, 566, 569–570, 573–574
- hardening of attitude for, 323–324, 338, 438
- Khang Khay, 783n
, 791, 824–825, 837–838
- Luang Prabang, 604, 608n
- Luang Prabang, Feb. 1962, 597n
, 598
- Phnom Penh, July 1961, 336, 364–365
- Plaines des Jarres, proposed, 501, 507, 512–513
- stalling tactics, 424, 431–434, 482–484, 494, 500–501, 531–533, 568–569, 601–603
- Soviet position, 584n
- Vientiane, Dec. 1961, 538
- U.S. break with, 532–533, 535–537, 543,
545, 597–598, 604–605, 609–610, 640
- U.S. military aid to Laos:
- advisers in combat roles, 130
- police training and salaries, 70–71
- tactical advisers, 35
- troop training, 35
- U.S. support of, 275, 528
- U.S. view of, 47, 304–305, 371–3
- Viet Minh, 165, 906
- Vietnam, Republic of, 394
- visits:
- Burma, 781
- China, Republic of, 780–781
- Hanoi, 933
- Manila, 782, 791
- Moscow, Dec. 1962, 926, 1004
- Thailand, Apr. 1962, 700
- Washington, 1961, 266
-
Phoumi Vongvichit,
119, 243, 411, 480, 643n
, 674, 944, 950, 1051, 1054
- Phoumi-Boun Oum revolt, 8
- Phoun Sipraseuth, Gen., 643n
-
Poats, Rutherford M., 1049
- Poland, 76, 229,
418
- Preah Vihear temple, 861
- Prisoners of war:
- Cuba, 979, 987, 995
- Korea, 44
- Laos, 110, 334, 380, 435, 487,
670–671,
674n
, 872, 874n
, 887,
1053
- Psychological warfare, 122–123, 178, 389
- Public opinion, 176, 194, 285, 354, 361, 363n
, 611–612, 753, 990
-
Peurifoy, John E.
426, 429
-
Pushkin, Georgi M., 56n
, 124n
, 140,
239–241, 539, 611–613, 860, 861–862, 882
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 191–192, 410–412, 414, 416,
435–437,
489, 510–511, 517–518, 568, 607
- International Control Commission, 206–207, 241, 295,
436, 478, 480, 488, 494, 496, 526–527
- Pathet Lao, 570, 575
- Southeast Asia, Soviet-U.S. talks, 452–455, 458–462, 470–472
- Three Princes meetings, 522, 554n
, 576, 583–584, 602
- Viet Minh, 868, 896n
-
Queneau, Francoise G., 507n
, 520n
, 523n
, 524n
, 548n
, 593n
, 596n
, 597n
, 604, 685, 848n
-
Quinim Pholsena, 15, 244, 480, 584n
, 674–675, 824, 871, 902, 912, 950
- assassination of, 953–955, 966–967, 1000n
, 1001–1002, 1050, 1055
- cabinet role for, 287, 391n
, 548, 592,
643n
, 837n
, 838, 849
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 861
- International Control Commission, 936n
- Pathet Lao, 948, 1055
- political leanings of, 237, 424, 635
- prime minister role for, 919
- visits, Washington, July 1962, 874, 878
- Rama IX, King, 9, 220
-
Ramsbotham, Peter E., 116, 119
- Rand Corporation, 834–835
-
Rapacki, Adam, 1010
-
Ratnam, Amb., 416
-
Reynolds, G. Edward, 150
-
Rhee, Syngman, 436
-
Rice, Edward E., 575n
, 593n
, 596n
, 597n
, 604n
, 609n
, 612n
, 615n
, 616n
, 655, 657n
, 661n
, 665n
,
781n
, 908n
, 968n
- British-U.S. talks on Laos, 704
- Plaines des Jarres battles, 970
-
Richardson, Maj. Gen., 659
-
Richer, M., 345
-
Riley, Vice Adm. Herbert D., 923
-
Rinden, Robert W., 306n
-
Robb, M.A.M., 707
-
Roberts, Col. Francis J., 268
-
Roberts, Frank, 56n
, 67, 111n
, 116, 124n
, 135, 137n
, 209, 957, 976
-
Rogers, J.T., 851n
-
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 867
-
Rostow, Walt W., 26, 68n
, 94n
, 95n
, 112n
, 144, 273n
, 430n
, 436n
,
440n
, 531n
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 307–308, 312, 327,
353, 435
- International Control Commission, 498
- Laos, 55, 62–63, 71, 136–137, 258, 476, 528,
544, 878
- partition of, 354, 425–426
- U.S. military aid to, 48, 137
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 72, 109, 126, 259, 308–309, 359, 413
- U.S. policy, 83, 142
- Southeast Asia, 317, 322, 443–445
- Thailand, 94–95
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 319n
, 354
- Vietnam, Republic of, 417–418, 917
-
Roux, Jacques, 345, 412, 472, 991n
-
Rumbold, Sir Anthony, 538
-
Rusk, Dean, 19n
, 50n
, 69n
, 85n
, 97n
, 98n
, 124n
, 129n
, 145n
, 155n
, 176n
, 211n
, 231, 236n
, 252n
, 266n
, 306n
, 309, 377n
, 400n
, 408n
,
421n
, 465n
, 501n
, 507n
, 531n
, 545n
, 548n
, 553n
- Berlin, 626
- British cease-fire proposal, 105–107
- British-U.S. talks, 116–118, 706–708
- diplomacy vs. military action, 258
- France, 844
- French role in Laos, 213–214, 221
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 184, 907
- cease-fire supervision, 202,
208–209, 235, 249n
, 678n
- China, People’s Republic of-U.S. talks, 253–254
- instructions for U.S. delegation, 185, 187–189
- seating of Laotian delegations, 190–198, 200–202
- government of technicians proposal, 324
- intelligence needs, 86, 88
- International Control Commission, 893,
936n
, 1009
- Kuomintang irregulars, 63n
- Laos, 89–90,
269, 584n
- British economic aid to, 895
- French economic aid to, 895
- Military Assistance Advisory Group, 137, 695–697, 904
- neutralization of, 82, 188, 245–247, 280–282, 774
- partition of, 241–242
- political situation, 119–121, 770–771
- tripartite talks on, 96, 345–351, 365, 368, 378, 456–457
-
U.N. role in, 147n
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 146, 1050
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 212, 1021, 1030–1031, 1041–1042
- U.S. policy, 150–154, 580
- Meos, 397
- military action as a foundation for negotiations, 95–96
- military situation in Laos, 12, 17, 626, 629–630
- Nam Tha battle, 719–720, 724, 734–735, 741, 745–746
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 954–959, 976–979, 984–986, 991–994, 1012
- Plaine des Jarres attack by Phoumi, 68
- neutral nations commission proposal, 48–50, 63–66, 90n
- Pathet Lao, 171–172, 887
- Philippines, 18
- Phoumi, sanctions against, 694–697, 759
-
SEATO/U.S. military
intervention:
- financial costs of, 325–326
- Laos, 27, 126, 148–149, 276–280
- Southeast Asia, 26–27
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, 163, 758–759
- Souvanna cabinet selection, 322–323, 402–403, 504–505, 571–573
- Souvanna visits, 91–92
- Soviet cease-fire proposals, 137n
- Soviet-U.S. relations, 93–94, 923
- Thailand, 633
- Three Princes meetings, 500, 512–513, 538–539, 539n
- United Nations, 104–105
- U.S. military advisers, 146
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, air strikes on, 814
- Vietnam, Republic of, 631, 708, 773
-
Russell, John W., 116,
345
-
Russell, Richard, 629–630, 632, 771, 773
-
Ryan, Jack, 540–541
-
Ryan Plan, 540–541
-
Salans, Carl F., 309n
-
Salinger, Pierre, 706
-
Saltonstall, Leverett, 626–627, 630–631, 773–774
-
Samuel, A.C.I., 119, 538
- Santiphab, 966
-
Sarit Thanarat, Field Marshal, 407, 415, 985–988
- Laos:
- partition of, 342–343
- Thai military intervention in, 5, 131, 134, 367, 371–374, 376, 428
- Thailand, relations with, 427
- United States, relations with, 413n
, 414, 707n
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 164, 403, 1031, 1033–1034
- Phoumi, U.S. disagreements with, 523,
572n
, 605n
, 657, 662–663, 699–701, 784,
792
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, 5,
863
- Souvanna government, 434, 607n
, 646–647, 668, 846,
848, 850, 872, 877, 881, 914
- cabinet selection, 593–595, 597, 605, 607–608, 838
- Thai-Laotian agreement on, 707–712, 714n
, 716–717
- troika proposal, 667, 709
- U.S. support of, 728n
- talks with Harriman,
Bangkok, May 1962, 158
- Thailand, 388–389, 405, 411, 427
-
Savang Vatthana, 1, 76, 158, 165, 278n
, 302n
, 421–424, 450, 608n
- abdication of, 421n
, 433
- coalition government, 117–118, 180,
200, 203
- appointment of provisional government, 261, 5
- government of councils proposal, 622n
, 634n
, 635–636
- government of technicians proposal, 81–82
- Laos:
- Laotian-U.S. relations, 199, 664, 685–687, 698–699
- Luang Prabang as Royal seat, 96, 175, 198,
339
- neutral nations commission proposal, 49, 55n
,
56–58,
67, 97–98
- Pathet Lao, 667n
, 957, 964
- Phoumi, U.S. disagreements with, 557n
, 563,
597–598
- political role for, 265, 280, 282,
336, 352, 558n
,
938–940
-
SEATO/U.S. military intervention
in Laos, 99, 276, 730n
- Sihanouk Commission, 34, 37
- Souvanna government, 607, 614, 639,
669, 679, 941–942
- Souvanna view of, 707
- Soviet view of, 66
- Three Princes meetings, Geneva, proposed, 584n
- U.S. military advisers in combat roles, 130
- U.S. support for, 142, 155, 177
- Viet Minh, 165, 937
- visits:
- China, People’s Republic of, Mar. 1963, 936n
, 940–941
- Moscow, Feb. 1963, 936–937, 1004
- Poland, Mar. 1963, 936n
- United States, Feb. 1963, 926
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, Mar. 1963, 936n
- Washington, Feb. 1963, 936–944
-
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., 94n
, 170, 678n
- Scorucov (USSR), 634n
, 636
-
Scott, Joseph W., 263,
654
- Seaborg, Glenn, 722n
-
SEATO Plan 5. See
U.S. military contingency planning
under
Southeast Asia.
- Secretary of Defense’s Conference, Fourth, Mar. 1962, 658n
-
Semenov, Nikolai N., 454
-
Sen, A.K., 224, 433, 502
- Senate, U.S., 630, 768
- Seno base, 12, 50,
74, 163, 223, 288, 348–349, 354n
, 527
- Serbia, 944
- Shepard, Capt. Tazewell T., Jr., 932
-
Sheppard, William J., 26n
-
Shoup, Gen. David M., 42, 150, 153, 170
-
Shuckburgh, Evelyn, 245,
538, 707
- Sides, Adm., 658
-
Sihanouk, Prince
Norodom, 34, 67, 81, 153, 222, 257, 572n
,
695, 779, 881
- communism, 82, 834
- French view of, 218, 220
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 197, 329n
- Geneva-type conference proposals, 11n
, 24,
33, 97
-
Harriman talks, 158, 174
-
Sihanouk Commission, 34, 37
-
Siho, Col. Lamphouthacoul, 139, 652, 781, 920
-
Sing Rathanamay, Gen., 204
-
Singh, Avtar, 780, 931
-
Sinkapo, Gen., 671–672, 674, 981
-
Sirikit, Queen, 9
- Sisouk Na Champassak, 205, 246, 273, 283, 508, 606, 651–652, 668, 710, 784
-
Sisoumang, Tiao, 391n
, 635, 671, 837n
, 849
- Sissamang Sisalemqak, 287, 391n
-
Sithone Kommandom, 887
-
Slater, Warren, 704n
-
Smart, Col., 668
-
Smathers, George, 629
-
Smirnovsky, Mikhail N., 435, 436n
,
584, 601–603
-
Smith, Bromley, 493n
, 670n
, 704n
, 965, 980, 995, 1019n
-
Smith, Horace H., 73
- Somsanith, 265, 287–288, 507–508, 651–652
- Sopsaisana, 421–422, 480
-
Sorensen, Theodore C., 94n
, 95n
, 170
-
Souk Vongsak, 532, 837n
- Soukhan Vilaysarn, 463, 548, 638, 879
-
Soulivanh Singhavara, Col, 980
-
Souphanouvong, Prince (see also
Three Princes meetings), 146, 250n
,
278n
, 508, 534, 582, 670, 678–679, 900–901, 1050
- Air America, 922–923, 929
- coup threat, 847
- Geneva Accords, 1962, 906
- Indian view of, 434
- Laos:
- French role in, 420
- partition of, 945n
- political situation, 113, 120, 338, 432n
, 635–636, 644
- elections, 516, 872–873
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 263, 672–673
- Meos, 873, 929–930
- military situation in Laos, 318, 896n
- political leanings of, 47, 109, 243,
878, 941–942, 1052
- prime minister role for, 263
- Souvanna government, 549n
, 577, 587, 639,
643, 918
- cabinet role in, 288, 392, 548, 837n
, 838, 1054
- cabinet selection, 463, 477, 591, 634n
, 636–637
- Defense and Interior posts, conflict over, 520, 546, 687
- Three Princes meetings, 264–266, 483–484, 492–493, 509
- Khang Khay, June 1962, 791, 824, 837–838
- Luang Prabang, Feb. 1962, 598, 602, 604, 606
- Phnom Penh, July 1961, 336, 338, 365
- Vientiane, Dec. 1961, 522, 534n
, 538, 550
- visit to the United States, proposed, 925–926, 928n
- South China Sea, 384
- Southeast Asia:
- British position, 26–28, 373–374, 381
- China, People’s Republic of, role in, 219–220
- communist infiltration into, 426
- Craig mission, 417–418, 426–429
- defense of, 26–28
- domino theory, 19–21, 151–152, 168, 760, 994n
- French position, 26–28, 75, 219–220
- Koreans, use in aid programs in, 773
- military contingency planning for, 162, 308–309, 341–345, 366–368, 370,
381–390,
388–390,
393–400,
429–431,
465–470
- Australian role in, 373–374
- British-U.S. talks, 171, 343
- Laotian role in, 374
- New Zealand role in, 373–374
- Pakistani role in, 373
- Philippine role in, 373–374
- Soviet position, 308
- Thai role in, 374
- Vietnam, Republic of, role in, 374
- military situation, 440–442
- military vs. political alternatives for, 446–449
- political situation, 440–442
-
SEATO role in, 216–217
- Soviet-U.S. talks, 452–462, 470–472
- U.S. military capabilities in, 7
- U.S. policy, 71, 314, 316, 318–322
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, objectives toward, 1023
- war in, possible size of, 431
- Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty and Protocol, Sept.
1954, 23, 106n
, 767–768
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) (see also
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization and SEATO subheadings under other subjects), 3–4, 10, 52, 54,
120–121, 203, 543, 1026
- Australian position, 28, 52, 79, 107
- Commonwealth role in, 818–819
- Council meetings, 389
- Bangkok, Mar. 1961, 101, 103, 105n
, 107–108, 152n
- Bangkok, Sept. 1961, 434
- special, Jan. 2, 1961, 1–2
- Eighth Ministerial Meeting, Paris, Apr. 1963, 954n
- French role in, 221
- inaction, consequences of, 28, 30–31
- intelligence gathering by, 36
- Laos, role in, 19–22, 41, 79, 107–108
- British position, 21, 79
- China, People’s Republic of, position, 471
- communist position, 312–313
- French position, 21, 79, 101–103
- Indian proposal, 478
-
JCS position, 14
- Laotian renunciation of, 853,
855
- Soviet position, 471–472
-
U.N. position, 3
- Mekong River Patrol, 389, 397
- military contingency planning, 182,
407, 468, 803
- military exercises as cover for troop buildup, 884–886, 976
- Nam Tha battle, 733, 744
- New Zealand position, 28, 79
- Pakistani position, 25, 107
- Philippine position, 25, 107–108, 818
- Plan 5, see
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization/U.S. military
intervention
- Thai position, 25, 107–108, 221, 268
- Thailand, 37, 853
- Vietnam, Republic of, position, 268
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization/U.S. military
intervention, 167, 172
- China, People’s Republic of, position, 163
- financial costs of, 325–326, 386
- Gulf of Tonkin, 977–978, 986,
993–995
- Laos, 2, 31–32, 59–61, 785–787, 807, 809–810
- Australian role in, 388, 393, 804
- bombing missions, 4, 87, 126
- British position, 132–133, 323
- British role in, 126, 804
- China, People’s Republic of, response to, 500, 502, 812
- French position, 5
- ground forces, 751–752
- helicopters, use of, 122
- Laotian request for, 99, 160
- logistics for, 430–431, 562, 826
- Malayan role in, 154
- napalm, use of, 47
- New Zealand role in, 154, 388
- Pakistani role in, 154, 388, 804
- Philippine role in, 126, 388
- postponement of, 413–414, 416
- Thai role in, 126, 388
- unilateral U.S. action in, 25n
, 27
- U.S. position, 276–280
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, response to, 388, 805–806, 808, 836, 869-870
- Pakistani role in, 164, 628
- Southeast Asia:
- China, People’s Republic of, response to, 531
- financial costs of, 325–326
- time-scale of involvement in, 163, 168
- State Department role in, 148–149
- Thailand, see
U.S. troop deployment to
under
Thailand
- U.S. domestic political concerns, 741–742, 750
- U.S. opposition to, 685–687
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 340,
342, 869–870
- air attacks on, 318, 342, 396, 800, 814, 817, 820–822, 830, 1000, 1020–1022, 1030–1032
- China, People’s Republic of, response to, 319, 814, 830
- naval blockade of, 342
- seizure of major cities in, possible, 319–321
- Soviet position, 61
- Vietnam, Republic of, 163, 481–482, 869–870, 976–977, 984, 986
- Southeast Asian Task Force, 309, 321, 337, 371, 400, 475
- Soutou (France), 538
- Souvanna government, 311–312, 848, 875, 1046
- arrest of Kong Le officers,
912, 913
- Australian position, 269, 637
- British position, 268–269, 450,
504–505,
637, 917n
- cabinet selection, 313, 391n
, 400–403, 416, 450,
455, 474, 476–479, 504–506, 591–592, 679
- agreement on, 837–838, 848–849
- Defense and Interior posts, dispute over, 514–516, 518–524, 546–553, 566–568, 582, 585, 589–595, 597–598, 603, 637–640
- Laotian position, 707n
-
NLHX posts, 592, 593n
- troika proposal, 667, 671, 677–680, 693, 697, 709–710, 712n
, 717
- U.S. position, 323, 338, 420, 422, 454–455, 520–522, 571–573, 577, 637, 668–669
- China, People’s Republic of, position, 690–691
- French position, 268–269, 274,
637, 844
- French support of, 679, 978, 984,
986, 989
- instability of, 916–917, 990–991
- neutralist composition of, U.S. proposal for, 223, 237
- New Zealand position, 269
- overthrow of, 941–942
- Pathet Lao position, 268, 889–891, 927
- Pathet Lao role in, 585, 686–687
- Phoumi role in, 308, 514, 633–634, 637n
, 653–656, 914–915
- power balance within, 318
- Royal mandate for, revoking of, 692–693, 696–697, 699–703
- Soviet position, 411, 455, 474,
506, 690–691, 916–917
- Soviet-U.S. talks, 997–998
- strengthening of, 474–476, 498–499, 528–530
- Defense-State differences on, 544–545
- Thai-Laotian agreement on, 707–714, 716–717
- three administrative centers proposal, 577
- U.S. economic aid to, 840–841, 851,
858, 888, 895
- U.S. military aid to, 851–852, 865–866
- U.S. support of, 271, 584–585, 639, 640–642, 1024–1027
- Burmese position, 679
- China, Republic of, position, 679
- Japanese position, 679
- Korea, Republic of, position, 679
- Vietnam, Republic of, position, 679
- Vice Prime Minister appointments in, 642–644
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, position, 690–691
- Souvanna government (Khang Khay):
- French position, 38
- Indian position, 6
- Soviet position, 64, 232
- Soviet recognition of, 15, 23
- U.S. liaison with, 483–484, 501
- U.S. position, 52n
, 180
- Souvanna Phouma (see also
Three Princes meetings), 47, 68, 278n
, 348–349, 450, 508, 537, 670, 701
- Air America, 922, 924, 929
- arrest of aides of, 938
- British view of, 46, 285
- cabinet role for, 187, 837n
- cabinet selection, agreement on, 837–838
- Cambodian support for, 257
- cease-fire, 146, 159, 190, 575n
, 677, 683,
693, 697
- Central Intelligence Agency, 879
- coalition government, role in, 88–90, 113, 117–118, 120, 155n
, 156
- Soviet position, 458
- Thai position, 397
- U.S. position, 384, 432–433
- Vietnam, Republic of, position, 397
- communism, 81
- direct U.S. negotiations with, 614–617, 620–621
- elections, 246, 352
- federalism, 945–946
- fourteen-nation conference proposal, 90n
, 91–93
- French role in Laos, 247, 262, 420
- French support for, 46, 216, 219–220, 285,
477, 521, 978
- Geneva Accords, 1962:
- compliance with, 902
- Viet Minh withdrawal under, Soviet-U.S. cooperation, 933–934, 939
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 190–193, 197, 199n
, 210,
871
- government of councils proposal, 635–636, 644
- illnesses of, 313, 717
- Indian view of, 434
- International Control Commission, 352,
900, 1003
-
Kong Le troops, 991–994, 1012
- Laos:
- neutrality of, 243–244, 284–286
- U.S. economic aid to, 851,
913
- U.S. military aid to, Kong
Le forces, supply of, 915, 928–929, 932–933, 939, 1016–1017
- Laotian Declaration of Neutrality, 854, 856, 861, 863
- Meo troops, 420, 929–930
- military situation in Laos:
- Nam Tha battle, 718, 720, 722, 724, 727, 732–733, 737, 740, 743
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 955, 957, 959–960, 962, 966–967, 972
- neutral nations commission proposal, 90n
- neutralist party, 463, 528
- overthrow by Phoumi, 8
- Pathet Lao, 222, 238, 419, 634, 646,
675–676,
764, 887, 892–893, 935–936
- Phoumi, sanctions against, 582, 683
- police training, 540–541
- political base of, 927–929
- political leanings of, 627, 649n
, 849
- prime minister role for, 261, 268, 287–288, 298–299
- resignation of, 752, 918–921, 1056
- Royal audience, 463, 477–479, 605
- Soviet Union, 244, 250–251
- talks:
-
Harriman, 302, 397, 403, 406
- Bangkok, May 1961, 158
- New Delhi, 1961, 97n
- Phnom Penh, 1961, 174
- Rangoon, Sept. 1961, 403, 406–407, 411n
, 413, 415–416, 419–422
- Phoumi, Phnom Penh, 1961,
69n
, 75–76, 82, 98
- Thai view of, 112
- Thailand, U.S. troop deployment to, 872
- Three Princes meetings, 141, 264–266, 483–484, 492, 501,
507, 513, 534, 604, 819
- Geneva, Jan. 1962, 590n
, 591
-
Khang Khay, June 1962, 791, 824–825, 837–839
- Luang Prabang, Feb. 1962, 593, 598
- Phnom Penh, July 1961, 336, 338, 365–366
- Vientiane, Dec. 1961, 512n
, 513, 522–523, 538–539
- tribal Laotians, 876–877
- U.S. intelligence briefings for, 881,
895–896
- U.S. support for, 983–986, 989,
1032, 1043n
- U.S. view of, 175–176, 215–217, 250
- Viet Cong, 349–350
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 867–868
- Vietnam, Republic of, 112, 497
- visits:
- Czechoslovakia, 111
- Moscow, 111, 1004
- New Delhi, 1961, 92–93,
96–97
- Paris, Apr.–June 1962, 678–679, 717, 847
- Paris and London, 1961, 77, 92–93, 111
- Poland, Mar. 1963, 936n
- United Kingdom, 707
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, Mar. 1963, 936n
- Washington, 1961, proposed, 91–93,
118, 131
- Washington, July 1962, 670, 674–675, 678, 872n
, 874–881, 884
- Washington, Feb. 1963, 936–939, 944
- Washington, Sept. 1963, 1051–1054
- Yugoslavia, 111
- Xieng Khouang as residence of, 398
- Soviet Union, 76, 93–94, 697, 971, 987–988
- China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 220, 269, 318, 409n
, 679,
941, 943–944, 983, 1006
- iron ore reserves in, 231
- Korea, Republic of, 812
- military capabilities of, 39
- Nam Tha battle, 717–718, 720–730, 726,
732–734,
736–739
- United Kingdom, relations with, 1002
- United States, relations with, 93n
, 1003
- Spain, 227
- Special National Intelligence Estimates:
-
SNIE
68–2-60, 13
-
SNIE
13–3-61, 531
-
SNIE
53–3-61, 536
-
SNIE
58–61, 59–61
-
SNIE
58–2-61, 317,
319
-
SNIE
58–3–61, 728n
-
SNIE
58–62, 578–579, 610
-
SNIE
58–1-62, 610,
623
-
SNIE
58–3-62, 726–729
-
SNIE
58–4-62, 769
-
SNIE
58–5-62, 785–787, 800,
805, 808, 817, 828, 835
-
SNIE
58–6-62, 902
-
SNIE
58–63, 1022,
1033
-
Stahr, Elvis J., Jr., 144, 170
- Staley Report, 308, 316, 326
- Stalin, Joseph, 1004
-
Steeves, John M., 50n
, 67n
, 85n
, 88, 91n
, 124n
, 129n
, 132n
, 176n
, 304n
, 306n
, 309n
, 337n
, 456n
, 512n
, 520n
, 531n
, 534n
, 540n
- British-U.S. talks, 116–118
- China, People’s Republic of-U.S. relations, 253–254
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 289n
, 312–315, 485–486
- International Control Commission, 324
- Laos, 72, 75
- military situation in Laos:
- Southeast Asia:
- military contingency planning for, 308, 322–323, 366, 368, 377, 390–392, 397–399
- U.S. policy, 314, 316, 318–322
- tripartite talks, 345, 348–349
- Steeves Plan, 376–377, 382
-
Stevenson, Adlai E., 143, 164
-
Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 9n
- Subic Bay, 977–979, 987–989
- Sukhodrev, Viktor, 225, 231, 454, 1000
-
Sullivan, William H., 345, 543–544, 651, 668, 696n
, 709, 755n
, 779n
, 781n
, 787n
, 794n
, 832n
, 1010n
- Laos, 670–675, 677, 775, 886,
911
- Pathet Lao, 576, 1000
- Phoumi, U.S disagreements with, 663,
675–677,
688
- prisoners of war, 670–671, 674n
- Souvanna government, 653–654, 662,
667, 692–693
- Thailand, 911
- Three Princes meetings, 554n
, 576n
, 584n
, 602
- Viet Minh, 896n
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 867
- Swank, Emory, 779n
- Sweden, 470
- Sweeney, Joseph, 706
-
Swezey, Anthony C., 584n
, 717n
-
Swihart, James W., 119
-
Sylvester, Arthur, 658
- Szulc, Tad, 993
- Taiwan Strait, 319, 891
-
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 144, 329n
, 370n
, 418n
,
443n
, 481n
, 563–564, 711n
, 911n
- Cambodia, 778
- Geneva Accords, 1962, 862, 902
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 353
- Laos, 560, 571, 677, 716, 1041
- partition of, 324, 337, 354, 425
- strengthening of army of, 777–778, 788
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 324, 337, 358–360, 790–791
- Meos, 1008n
- military situation in Laos, 426, 525, 770,
921, 971
-
SEATO/U.S. military
intervention:
- Southeast Asia, 308, 316–317, 322
- military contingency planning for, 320–321, 363, 366–368, 375–376, 381–386, 387n
, 394, 429–431, 465–466, 468
- war in, possible size of, 431
- Thailand:
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 354
- Vietnam, Republic of, military missions to, 317, 326, 445, 485
- Thailand (see also Thailand and Thai
subheadings under other subjects), 9,
39, 71, 76, 95, 110, 179, 437, 467, 475n
- China, People’s Republic of, policy, 950
- communist threat to, 405, 581, 631,
633, 732, 753–754, 834, 839
- defense of, 107, 152–153, 259, 651n
, 788,
791, 800, 811–812, 818
- France, relations with, 75, 219
- Laos:
- communist victory in, effect of, 216, 760
- partition of, three-way split proposal, 238
- Phoumi, replacement of, 750
- relations with, 262
- Thai paratroops in, 4–5, 13,
28
- traditional enmity with, 877–879, 881
- U.S. planning for fall of, 164, 168
- political situation, 442, 467, 911
- Preah Vihear temple, 861
- security treaty with the United States, 448
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, 5,
161, 386, 388–390
- troop strength of, 31
- United States, relations with, 308,
597n
- U.S. economic aid to, 141–142, 326,
733
- U.S. military aid to, 115, 141–142, 388–389, 448, 773,
883, 894
- U.S. military contingency planning for, 316, 425–426, 798
- U.S. policy, 339
- U.S. troop deployment to, 31, 46–47, 730, 733, 744,
747, 750, 754–755, 901, 903–904, 993
- air units, 973n
, 975, 977–979, 999
- Australian position, 766
- British position, 95, 766, 768, 772
- French position, 766, 768, 772
- logistics, 845–847
- missions for U.S. forces, 777
- naval units, 49, 730, 733, 735, 745–746
- Pakistani position, 772
-
SEATO role in, 758–759, 767n
, 771–772, 775
- Thai approval for, 34, 759
- Viet Minh, 713n
-
Thanat Khoman, 152–153, 657n
, 694, 699–701, 767, 882, 961, 978
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 198, 405,
713n
, 717
- Souvanna government, 667, 838n
, 848n
, 850, 958
-
Thant, U, 768
-
Thee, Marek, 1053
- Thiep, 967, 969
-
Thompson, Llewellyn E., 15, 42, 231, 241n
, 242n
, 412n
,
603n
, 833n
, 990n
, 997n
, 1001n
- Berlin, 626
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 110–111, 124, 252
- Germany, 402
- Malaya, 426
- Nam Tha battle, 611–612, 720,
724, 734, 748
- neutralization of Laos, 55, 75, 80–82, 86
- Pathet Lao attacks on neutralists, 973, 975, 977–979, 1012–1013
- Soviet Union, political situation, 985, 987
- Soviet-U.S. relations, 455, 923
- U.S. policy on Laos, 145–146
- Vietnam, Republic of, 708
-
Thomson, John, 119
- Thongsing Phabmixay, 651–652
- Three Princes Communiqu[, 256–257, 267
- Three Princes meetings, 195,
205, 313, 483–484, 489–493, 496, 787
- Ban Hin Heup, Oct. 1961, 424, 441,
450, 452, 454, 463, 466, 547, 550
- British position, 502–505, 670n
, 782
- Delhi, proposed, 539n
- French position, 782
- Geneva, Jan. 1962, 539, 554n
, 555–557, 560–561, 566,
569–575,
576n
, 584, 588–592, 611–612
-
Khang Khay, June 1962,
783n
, 791, 824–825, 837–839
- Luang Prabang, Feb. 1962, 593, 597n
, 598,
601–602,
604, 608n
, 621,
670n
- Phnom Penh, July 1961, 336, 338,
364–365
- Phoumi attitude toward, 238, 323–324, 338, 424,
431–434,
482–484,
502–505
- Plaines des Jarres, proposed, 501–505, 507,
509, 512–513
- Rangoon, proposed, 539n
- U.S. position, 315–316, 389,
482–484,
514–516,
665
- Vientiane, Dec. 1961, 513n
, 520, 522–524, 534,
546–549,
563
- Zurich, June 1961, 250, 256–258, 264–268, 274,
282, 300, 550
- Tianethone Chantharasy, 283, 685
-
Tiao Somsanith. See
Somsanith, Tiao
.
-
Tobler, John H., 299
- Tonkin, Gulf of, 977–978, 986
- Touby Lyfoung, 651–652, 880
-
Toumayan, Alex G., 940,
1052
- Trapnell, Lt. Gen. T.J.H., 102, 104, 121–123
- Treasury, U.S. Department of, 368
-
Trevelyan, Sir Humphrey, 962
-
Trimble, William C., 76, 288
-
Truman, Harry S, 489n
-
Tucker, Gen. Reuben H., 679, 763, 770, 783–784, 792, 797, 813n
,
832, 873
- Turkey, 216
-
Tyler, William R., 706,
745, 1009
- U–2 flights:
-
Ulbricht, Walter, 411,
443, 445
- Unconventional warfare (see also
Covert operations), 122–123, 428
- Ung Van Kiem, 867–870
-
Unger, Leonard S., 129, 131n
, 185n
, 883, 902, 923, 926, 943, 1002
- China, People’s Republic of, 940
- Laos, 936, 945n
, 1014n
, 1032
- Pathet Lao, 957, 1035
- Souvanna government, 648–650, 914–915, 916n
, 922,
984, 986, 989
- United Kingdom (see also United Kingdom and British
subheadings under other subjects), 76,
110, 160, 164, 325
- United Nations (see also United Nations and U.N. subheadings under other subjects),
3, 141
- General Assembly, 160, 804, 823
- Security Council, 147n
, 156, 160, 164,
803–804,
823
- Vietnam conflict, 325, 444
- U.S. Army Intelligence School, 291
- U.S. Information Agency (USIA), 368
-
Usher, Richard E., 70n
, 85n
, 91n
, 98n
, 176n
, 208n
,
211n
, 241n
, 304n
, 306n
, 309n
, 337n
, 540n
, 542n
, 568n
, 575n
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 327–328, 377, 379
- Three Princes meetings, 313
- tripartite talks on Laos, 345
-
Van Fleet, Gen. James A., 426, 429
-
Vang Pao, Col., 239, 508, 558n
, 980, 981
- Viet Cong, 323, 349–350, 405, 441–442, 448, 515, 628, 835
- Viet Minh (see also Viet Minh subheadings
under other subjects; Vietnam, Democratic Republic of), 599, 625, 1050
- force levels of, 600, 610
-
Kong Le forces fear of, 980
- Laotian army view of, 599, 625
- Phoumi, sanctions against, 683
- troop levels, 610, 623–626
- withdrawal from Laos, 864, 875–876, 880, 896–901, 937
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (see
also
Viet Minh; Vietnam, Democratic
Republic of subheadings under other subjects), 76, 172n
, 288, 976–977
- China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 219–220, 752
- covert activities against, 448, 1020
- France, relations with, 220
- Lao Dong party, 310
- Laos, relations with, 288, 863
- military capabilities of, 31, 39, 183
- Soviet influence on, 411, 1006
- U–2 flights over, 993, 999
- U.S. military intervention in, 796,
811, 822, 844
- China, People’s Republic of, response to, 822
- U.S. talks with, 867–870
- Vietnam, Republic of, conflict with, 180, 437
- Vietnam, Republic of, 71, 76, 999
- Australian military intervention in, 631
- border control, 404–405, 444,
447–448
- British-U.S. talks, 708
- Cambodia, relations with, 180, 405
- communist threat to, 834–835, 839
- congressional briefing on, 625–626, 628–633
- counterinsurgency effort in, 116, 632–633
- defense of, 259, 443, 800, 811–812, 846
- France, relations with, 216, 219–220
- Geneva Conference, 1954, 225n
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 179
- international conference on, 695
- Laos:
- communist victory in, effect of, 216, 760–761
- neutralization of, 115
- partition of, 238
- Phoumi, U.S. sanctions against, 572n
, 582
- relations with, 394
- Souvanna government, 475n
- U.S. planning for fall of, 164, 168
- Malayan guerrilla war experts in, 631
- Military Assistance Advisory Group, 317, 773
- military capabilities of, 39, 525
- military contingency planning for, 316, 425–426
- military situation, 441–444
- National Front movement, 882
- political situation, 217, 441
- security treaty with the United States, 448
- Soviet policy, 216
- U.S. counterinsurgency forces in, 632–633
- U.S. economic aid to, 141–142, 733,
931
- U.S. military aid to, 115, 141–142, 216, 448,
686, 818, 869
- U.S. military intervention in, 481–482, 631–632, 796
- Viet Minh infiltration via Laos, 417–418, 436, 439,
444, 457, 473–474, 950
- Laotian position, 497
- Soviet position, 471, 497
- U.S. position, 619
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, conflict with, 180, 320,
325, 437
-
Vinogradov, Yuriy N., 923
-
Vongvichit. See
Phoumi
Vongvichit
.
-
Vu Van Mau, 293
-
Wallop, Gen., 605n
, 657n
, 664, 667, 701, 710
-
Wang Ping-Nan, 254, 289, 303
- Warner (UK), 120, 585n
-
Wattay airfield, 354n
-
Wehrle, Roy, 886
-
Wheeler, Lt. Gen. Earle G., 273n
-
White, John P., 119, 176n
-
White, Lincoln, 956
-
White, Gen. Thomas D., 42–44, 167n
, 169–170
-
Wiesner, Jerome, 722n
-
Wiggin, Charles, 119
-
Wiley, Alexander, 771–772
-
Williams, Haydn, 109–110, 429n
, 446–449
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 486
-
Wilson, Donald M., 465n
, 905, 994
-
Wood, Col., 72, 74, 84–85, 430n
, 715
- World Court. See
International Court of Justice.
-
Wright, John, 245
-
Wright, William M., 848n
- Yao tribe, 1058
-
Young, Kenneth T., 155n
, 176n
, 239n
, 301, 403–406, 725
- Geneva Conference on Laos, 1961–1962, 713n
- Laos:
- French role in, 221n
- partition of, 425
- political situation, 914
- Thai military advisers in, 428
- United States, relations with, 698–699
- U.S. policy, 150
- military contingency planning, 308,
790–791
- Phoumi, U.S. disagreements with, 605n
, 606,
663, 675n
, 699–701, 714, 784
- Souvanna government, 593n
, 667, 838
- Laotian-Thai agreement on, 712, 716–717
- Thailand, 326, 597n
, 735, 759, 882
- Yugoslavia, 227
-
Zinchuk, Alexander, 1012
-
Zuckert, Eugene M., 144, 170
- Zulueta, Philip F. de, 116, 707