Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume II,
Vietnam, 1962
Index
- Action Plan for Vietnam:
- Adenauer, Konrad, 697
- Agency for International Development (AID), 377
- Advisers at provincial level, 618
- Civic action program, 115–116, 138,
282, 320–322, 488
- Emergency Medical Program for Vietnam, 417
- Strategic hamlet program, 551, 691, 695
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 136, 295, 437n, 464, 555–556
- Agreement for Mutual Defense Assistance in Indochina, 1950, 222, 223
- Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (P.L. 480), 1954, 494n, 700n
- Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 590
- Ainsworth, Tom, 581
- Air Force, U.S., involvement in counterinsurgency operations, 141–142, 206–207, 246–247, 262–263, 493, 689, 793–797
- Air Force, Vietnamese, 107, 688–689, 777
- Alexander, Roy, 176
- Alsop, Joseph, 462, 676
- Anderson, Adm. George w., 15, 115, 116, 459–460, 552
- Anderson, Richard S., 634
- Anspacher, John M., 6n, 33, 34, 98,
341, 347–349, 371
- Anthis, Brig. Gen. Roland H.,
162, 262–263, 549, 688, 689, 690–691
- ANZUS Council, 378, 588
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) (see also
Ranger companies):
- Aggressiveness in battle, 363, 630–632
- Amnesty plan, 13
- Battalion sizes, 263
- Border control, 86, 93, 261
- Command structure, 313, 496
- Crimes and misbehavior, 649, 701
- Dedication of troops, 315
- Defensive positions, 75
- Defoliant operations, 674
- Delta Pacification Plan, 241, 242
- Force level increases, 486–487, 488–489
- Guerrilla tactics, adoption of, 85–86
- Leadership problems, 525–526, 530–531
- McNamaraʼs visit, 383–384
- Medical facilities, 357
- Replacement units, need for, 385
- Stahrʼs assessment of,
338–339
- Training for, 186–187
- Vulnerability of, 338
- Associated Press (AP), 723
- Australia, 230, 495
- Bagley, Worth H., 157–158, 281–282, 343–345, 377–378
- Counterinsurgency operations, 335
- Information programs, 341,
347–349
- Media coverage of field operations, 156
- SEATO Plan 7, 172–174
- Crop destruction program, 331n, 334,
345–346.
- Defoliant operations, 407–409
- Delta Pacification Plan, 307–308
- Honolulu Conference (March 1962), 261–263
- International conference on Vietnam, 329n
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 373–374
- Operation Sunrise, 212–214, 303–304
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 317–318
- RVNAF force levels,
recommendations for, 216–219
- Southeast Asia Task Force, 451–453
- Strategic hamlet program, 727–729
- Vietnam, RepUblic of, political reforms, 333–334, 556–560
- Ball, George w., 466, 481n, 489
- Counterinsurgency operations, 255,
274, 276
.
- International conference on Vietnam, 611–612
- International Control Commission, 253–254, 274–275
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 156, 672–673Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 374–375
- Noltingʼs offer to resign,
70
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 467–468
- Bao Dai, 410
- Barbour, Robert E., 698n, 738n
- Barnard, Robert J., 117n, 613n
- Barrington, James, 544
- Barwick, Sir Garfield, 378, 436, 588
- Battle, Lucius D., 46n, 171n
- Baumgartner, Herbert, 370, 405
- Beach, Keyes, 130, 131
- Ben Tuong hamlet, 358,
359, 362, 380
- Bigart, Homer, 130, 279, 280, 281, 305–306, 316, 404, 430, 653, 723
- Binh Hoa operation(January 1962), 57–58, 69, 80–82, 99–101, 359
- Bloomfield, Lincoln, 676
- Bogardus, George E, 155,
265n
- Boggs, Marion w., 750,
753
- Bosco, Father, 624
- Bowles, Chester A.:
- Southeast Asia mission, proposed 516-519, 565–566, 591–595
- U.S. Far East policies, assessment of, 299–303
- U.S. political objectives in Southeast Asia, 448–451
- Brent, Joseph L., 691, 740
- Bridgham, Philip, 101–102
- Brown, Harold, 566n
- Browne, Malcolm, 154–155, 425, 723
- Brubeck, William H., 459n, 466
- Buchanan, Col., 551
- Bui Van Luong, 429, 435, 473
- Bunce, William K., 722
- Bundy, McGeorge, 139n, 148n, 183n, 206n, 221, 283, 299n, 366, 417, 430, 481n, 484n, 580n,
583, 586–587, 590, 675n, 679n, 734n, 797n
- Bundy, William P., 57, 59, 186, 187, 193, 403, 481n, 524n, 548, 556, 564n, 567n, 616n
- RVNAF force levels,
recommendations for, 233–234
- Burke, Robert T., 698n
- Burma, 300, 302,
351, 392, 517, 594, 786
- Burris, Col. Howard L., 237–238, 284–285, 330–331, 601–603
- Buu Hoan, 651
- Bymside, Capt., 553–554
- Ca Mau operation, 381, 634
- Cambodia, 174, 300, 397, 594
- Attacks on Vietnamese civilians, 369,
419
- Border control, 60S, 654, 656
- Mansfieldʼs assessment of,
784–785
- Neutrality for, 615, 761
- Nhuʼs assessment of, 712, 713,
752
- United States, relations with, 756,
784–785
- U.S. regional military command, response to, 392
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 101, 197, 485, 541–542, 654,
659, 669, 678, 741–742, 743, 759
- Vietnamese (RVN) attacks into,
678
- Can Lao Party, 702
- Canada (see also International
Control Commission), 230, 486
- Cao, Col., 191, 631, 776–777
- Cao, Gen., 140, 192, 266, 268, 319, 435
- Carroll, Lt. Gen. Joseph H, 506n
- Carson, Rachel, 590
- Carter, Marshall S., 515
- Catholic Youth Program, 624, 661
- Celebrezze, Anthony J., 417
- Central Intelligence Agency, U.S. (CIA),
445n, 515
- Presidential palace attack, report on, 181
- Central Intelligence Organization, Vietnamese (CIO), 27, 63, 92–93, 288, 289, 684
- “Charter for a Free and Independent Southeast Asia,” proposed, 517, 518–519, 565–566, 594
- Chayes, Abram J., 117n, 199, 221n, 456n
- Chen Yi, 615
- Child, Frank C., 153n
- China, Peopleʼs Republic of, 339, 615
- “Food for peace” deal, possible, 395
- Internal situation, 395
- International conference on Vietnam, 388, 543
- Intervention in Vietnam, possible, 127, 164, 388, 301
- Southeast Asia policy, 388
- Spread of Communism, approach to, 387
- U.S. regional military command, response to, 390–391
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of:
- Relations with, 101–102
- U.S. attacks, possible response to, 446–447
- China, Republic of, 230, 339, 351, 486, 796–797
- Chuong, Madame, 285n
- Cinnamon crop, 271
- Citizensʼ Irregular Defense Groups. See
Civilian Irregular Defense Groups.
- Civic action program (see also Strategic hamlet program):
- Administration by Vietnamese, 138,
293
- Civic action teams, 68, 86–87, 119, 257–258, 293–294
- Civilian program, 68, 137–138, 140, 202–203
- Community, impact on, 133, 204
- Country Team, required actions by, 201
- Definition and purpose of, 55
- Governmental structure, establishment of, 257
- Human rights concepts and, 277
- Integrated program, need for, 115–116, 201,
321–322
- Lansdaleʼs assessments of,
256–257,
277–278
- Military used for civil projects, 22,
55, 68,
137, 141, 142, 202, 258–259, 501,
528–529,
605
- Organizations and cadres, 203
- Personnel and materiel requirements, 88, 204–205
- Popular support, methods to achieve, 256–257
- Propaganda activities, 204
- Provincial rehabilitation activities, 322–323
- Provincial surveys and, 209
- Rural development approach, 320–321, 488
- Special Group (CI) papers on, 200–206, 258–260
- Strategy for Vietnam and, 200–201, 205–206, 282
- Task Force on Vietnamʼs assessment of, 485, 487
- Taylorʼs recommendationʼ
for, 78
- Third country assistance, 142
- Thompsonʼs assessment of,
314
- Time phasing plan, 304–305
- U.S. involvement at village level, 245
- Vietnamese attitude toward, 68, 283, 388
- Village-government ties promoted through, 114
- Civil Guard, 29, 42, 53
- Arms for, 385, 423
- Crimes and misbehavior, 649, 701
- Defended villages, 85
- Delta Pacification Plan, 104, 105, 106,
240, 242
- Force level increases, 75, 487, 490,
684
- Defense Department position, 233–234
- Hilsmanʼs position,
88–89, 294
- JCS position, 216–219
- Taylor Report
recommendation, 76
- Military effectiveness, 169, 295
- Relief duties, 385
- Strategic hamlet program, 84, 382
- Thompsonʼs assessment of,
312
- Training for, 76, 262, 494, 502, 525,
548–549,
623
- U.S. support and advice, 604
- Vietnamese complaints re U.S. support, 215–216, 220, 252–253
- Civilian Irregular Defense Groups (CIDG), 549, 551, 661, 689, 775–776
- Clark, Bill, 6
- Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 655
- Cleveland, Robert G., 497n
- Clifton, Brig. Gen. Chester v.,
283
- Cline, Ray, 366
- Coffin, Frank M., 200n, 372, 405
- Collins, Gen. J. Lawton, 61
- “Colonization” charge against U.S., 649, 701–702
- Communist defectors:
- Amnesty for, 13, 94, 289, 497, 500,
658, 670, 714, 715
- Laos situation and, 710
- Propaganda uses, 503
- Strategic hamlet program and, 471
- Communist insurgency (see also Communist subversion issue
under
International Control Commission):
- Administration of controlled areas, 74
- Air drops, 254–255, 273
- Casualties, 314, 477, 649–650
- Communist aggression, evidence of, 420, 436, 489
- Developments (October 1961-October 1962), 679–681, 686
- Economic impact,.271
- Escalation of, 149, 230–232, 284, 583
- Feltʼs assessment of, 167–170
- Food and medical shortages, 612–613
- Future developments, 686–687, 783
- Guerrilla tactics, 169
- Heavnerʼs assessment of,
764, 775
- Hilsmanʼs assessment of,
73–75
- Infiltration increases, 775
- Infiltration routes, 113–114, 146,
338, 521–523
- Intelligence Estimate on, 164
- Interagency Intelligence Committee assessment of, 210–212
- Kidnappings, 681
- Laos, activities in, 211;708-710
- Leadership training, 533
- Local resources, reliance on, 74
- Military strategy, 73–74, 210–211, 212,
642
- Military strength, 73, 167–168, 170, 624
- Mine warfare, 29
- Nationalism and, 311, 315
- Political and propaganda activities, 168–169, 211, 237
- Popular attitude toward Communists, 781
- Radio station, 158
- Recruits for, 75, 596
- Saigon activities, 629–630
- “Secret papers” of, 27–28, 29
- Southeast Asia Task Forceʼs assessment of, 479
- Soviet support, 232
- Strategic hamlet program, impact of, 272, 642–643
- Strategic hamlets, attacks on, 244,
360, 727–729, 736–738
- Taylorʼs assessment of,
660
- Underground operations, possible, 624,
627
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, link to, 285–287, 533
- Village-level strategy, 27, 681
- Communist sympathizers, rehabilitation for, 774
- COMUSMACV. See
Military Assistance Command, U.S.
- Congress, U.S.:
- Acts and resolutions of:
- Agreement for Mutual Defense
- Assistance in Indochina, 1950, 222, 223
- Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (P.L.
480), 1954, 494n, 700n
- Foreign Assistance Act, 1961, 222, 226
- Formosa Resolution, 1955, 224
- Middle East Resolution, 1957, 224
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 32,
221
- Noltingʼs testimony, 32
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, inquiriesre, 144;222-232
- U.S. military policy in Vietnam, involvement in, 224–225
- Visits to Vietnam by Congressmen, 762
- Corcoran, Thomas J., 45
- Cottrell, Sterling J., 32, 35, 50n, 52, 117n, 129n, 194n, 221n, 256, 287–291, , 311, 332, 373, 387, 396n, 430, 497n, 616n 648-649, 698, 763n
- Action Plan for Vietnam, 499
- Civic action program, 55n, 119, 137–138, 140n, 142, 258–260, 282,
304n
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 141–142, 161
- Organizational and administrative problems, 377–378
- Third country involvement, 296, 306
- Crop destruction program, 121, 281–282, 331n, 344, 364n, 570
- Delta Pacification Plan, 120
- Diem, U.S. support for,
146–147
- Geneva Accords, U.S. policy re, 144–145 International Control
Commission, 253n,
264, 456n
- Laotian-Vietnamese relations, 663–664
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 158n, 305n, 323n, 672n
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 95n, 145
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 350–352, 368, 369,
374n
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 325
- Provincial surveys, 138, 143, 157,
209n
- Reunification of Vietnam, 365
- Southeast Asia Task Force, 451–452, 466,
655, 656
- Strategic hamlet program, 273n, 520n, 644
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 134n, 147,
467n, 481n
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 124–126, 139
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 144
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, possible U.S. military operations
against, 365–366
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Governmental advisers, U.S., 343–344
- Strategic importance to U.S., 145–146
- Counterinsurgency operations (see also Civic action program; Crop
destruction program; Defoliant
operations; Delta Pacification Plan; Strategic hamlet program; U.S.
military assistance to Vietnam; U.S. military
involvement in Vietnam):
- Air power used in
- Air support, need for, 794–796
- B-26 units, 688–689
- Binh Hoa operation, 57–58, 69,
80–82, 99–100
- Chinese Nationalist pilots for, 796–797
- Civilians, impact on, 57, 161–162, 648, 698–699
- Farmgate operation, 206–207, 246–247, 493, 689
- Guidelines for, 141–142
- Helicopters, 261, 383–384, 532, 547, 690–691, 694, 739
- Interdiction role, 246–247
- LeMayʼs assessment of, 344–345
- Restrictions on, 96–97, 234–235
- Target selection, 162–163
- Thompsonʼs
assessment of, 312–313
- U.S. direct involvement, 141–142, 206–207, 246–247, 262–263, 493, 689, 793–797
- Anti-aircraft operations, 254–255, 264–265, 273,
274, 276, 541
- Battalion-sized operations, 526–527, 688
- Border control, 11–12, 30, 86, 93, 261, 282, 485, 487,
502, 605, 654, 656
- Ca Mau operation, 381, 634
- Campaign Plan, 24, 29, 30
- Clear-and-hold operations (see also
Operation Hai Yen II; Operation Sunrise), 26–27, 54, 205, 418–419, 634,
682
- Communication equipment, capture of, 533–534
- Coordination of U.S. and Vietnamese personnel, 8, 12, 373, 528, 685
- “Cutting the forest” operations (ambushes), 531–533
- Defended villages, 85, 103–104
- Deterioration of anti-Communist effort, 596–598
- Developments (October 1961-October 1962), 679–686
- Diemʼs position, 23–24, 52–53
- Economic situation in Vietnam and, 270–272
- Explosion Plan, 690, 714–715
- Communist response, 627–628, 633
- Harkinsʼs
presentation to Diem,
624–633
- Harrimanʼs
assessment of, 694–695
- Noltingʼs
assessment of, 739, 788–789
- Planning for, 627, 730–731
- Strategic hamlet program and, 628–629, 630
- Taylorʼs assessment
of, 661
- Failure of operations, impact on U.S., 301, 687
- Field commands, elimination of, 536
- Frontier posts, 28
- Future developments, 686–687
- Geographical phasing, 20–21
- Goals of, 18
- Governmental organization in Vietnam and, 265–266, 272
- Guerrilla tactics, adoption of, 79–82, 114, 295, 636–637
- Heavnerʼs
assessment of, 765, 776
- Heavy artillery for, 535
- Helicopters used in, 261, 383–384, 532, 547, 690–691, 694, 739
- High-tension lines, protection of, 535–536
- Hilsmanʼs
assessment of, 790
- Increase in number of, 169
- Informants, treatment of, 142
- Information programs, 20, 269, 315, 335, 341, 405–407
- Intelligence operations, 78,
385, 476–477, 494, 502
- Leadership training, 534–535
- McNamaraʼs
assessment of, 383–384
- Maritime operations, 384, 493–494, 547
- Media coverage of field operations, 98, 124–126, 129–132, 139, 156, 158
- Media coverage of U.S. participation, 206–207, 305–306, 316, 323–324
- Napalm used in, 760, 777–778
- Outcome possibilities, 300–301
- Personnel and materiel requirements, 88–90
- Piaster funding for, 431, 437–442, 443–445, 454–455, 460–461, 463–468, 480, 481
- Plan for, 17–21, 291–295, 377–378
- Police force involvement, 156,
160–161
- Political activities, 19
- Popular participation in war effort, 12, 93–94, 266–268
- Progress report (Bureau of Intelligence and Research),
463
- Radar installations, 486
- Research and experimentation program, 404
- SEATO Plan 7, 172–174
- Spoiling attacks, 683
- Strategic Concept for South Vietnam, 73–90, 113–116
- Successes of, 649–650, 652, 655–656
- Third country involvement, 296, 306–307Time phasing, 20, 313–314
- Truce option, 237–238
- Trueheartʼs
assessment of, 265–273
- U.S. public interest in, 634–635
- U.S. sense of urgency re, 602–603
- Vietnamese casualties, 146
- Vietnamese responsibility for, 287, 530–531
- Village radios and, 294–295
- Village-level activities, 30,
43, 50–51, 284–285
- War-weariness and, 589
- “Winning or losing” issue, 386, 602
- “X-factor” questions for U.S. military, 506–511
- Zone “D” operation, 1–3, 4,
24–26, 54
- Couve de Murville, Maurice, 542
- Crawford, Kenneth, 672–673, 723, 753, 756, 757
- Crop destruction program, 261,
367, 369–370, 404
- Civilians, impact on, 91, 123
- Communists, impact on, 621
- Cottrellʼs assessment of,
344
- Forrestalʼs assessment of,
345–346
- Harrimanʼs opposition to,
163, 505n, 570,
580, 586n, 621
- Johnsonʼs assessment of,
761–762
- Kennedyʼs approval of, 675n
- Montagnards, impact on, 652–653
- Murrowʼs attitude toward,
590–591
- Political repercussions, 364, 367, 561,
585–586,
590–591,
607, 608, 674
- Precedent for, 585, 608
- Resettlement and food distribution programs, 122, 123
- State Department position, 606–609
- Strategic goals, 561–562, 608–609, 610
- Strategic hamlet program and, 609
- Superstitions of peasants and, 563
- Target selection, 332, 334, 345–346, 505
[Page 805]
- Test operations, 364–365, 386,
408, 505, 562–564, 584–586, 673–674, 689–690
- Thompsonʼs assessment of,
314
- Timing of, 621
- U.S. authority over, 281–282, 331–332, 334,
674, 690
- U.S. Embassy position, 91–92, 121–124, 504–505, 612–613, 673–675
- Vietnamese support for, 90–92, 122–123, 331
- Cutler, Robert, 396n
- Cuu, Lt., 189, 190, 191, 195, 196, 197, 207
- Czyzak, John T., 117n, 274n, 456n
- Dang Due Khoi, 13, 413, 724, 743
- Decker, Gen. George H., 15, 116, 261, 264, 366, 373, 535
- Defense, U.S. Department of (see also
Joint Chiefs of Staff; McNamara, Robert S.;
Military Assistance Command, U.S.):
- Amnesty plan for Communist defectors, 94
- Civic action program, 282
- Counterinsurgency operations, piaster funding for, 464
- Defoliant operations, 566–567
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 324–327
- Provincial surveys, 157
- RVNAF force levels,
recommendations for, 233–234
- Defoliant operations (see also Crop destruction program), 310, 689
- Defense Department recommendation for, 566–567
- Effectiveness of, 732–734
- Kennedyʼs approval of, 586–587
- Objectives and scope of, 2
- Public relations aspects, 2–3
- Safety of chemicals, 674
- Target selection, 72
- Test operations, 1–3, 4, 53, 71–72, 369, 370n, 386, 404,
407–409
- U.S. authority over, 727, 733–734
- Zone “D” operation, 1–3, 4, 26
- Delmore, Brig. Gen. Fred J., 364, 407, 690
- Delta Pacification Plan (see also
Operation Sunrise), 17n, 205–206, 385, 486, 791
- Command structure, 266, 318–319
- Communist reaction, 108
- Concurrent operations, 328
- Control of population, 104–105, 241
- Country Team concurrence, 209n
- Defensive measures, 240–241
- Diemʼs decree on, 238–244
- Distribution of duties, 242–243
- Geographical phasing, 102–103, 239–240Goals of, 103, 238–239
- Implementing instructions, 120–121, 313,
319
- Operational plans for, 418, 426, 429
- Plaine des Jones defense line, 429
- Popular support, efforts to obtain, 105, 241
- Provincial surveys and, 209, 235–236, 319–320
- Responsibility for implementation, 108
- Roles of civil and military personnel, 105–107
- Security framework, 103–104,
- Strategic hamlet program, incorporation into, 414–415, 427, 428–430, 434–435
- Task Force on Vietnam agreement on, 109
Thompsonʼs analysis of, 307–308
- Thompsonʼs proposal for,
102–109
- U.S. Missions’ agreement on, 292
- Vietnamese support for, 120–121, 251–252, 291–292
- Den, Dr., 94
- Denson, J. B., 102n
- Desai, M. J., 613–614
- Diefenbach, D. A., 634n
- Diehl, William, 481n, 655
- Diem. See
Ngo Dinh
Diem.
- Dong, Maj., 702n
- Donnell-Hickey Report, 248, 249, 250
- Due Loi, Madame, 693
- Dulles, John Foster, 534,
710–711
- Dung, Lt. Col., 532
- Duong Van Minh, Gen., 9,
25, 259, 536, 598–599 Dutton, Frederick G., 221, 634–635
- Eggleston, Brig. Gen. Howard, 187, 192
- Eisenhower, Dwight O., 223–224
- Elegant, Robert, 34, 281
- Ellis, William A., 655
- Emergency Medical Program for Vietnam, 417
- Evans, Allan, 246n
- Explosion Plan. See under
Counterinsurgency operations.
- Fall, Bernard, 653, 757
- Far East, Bowles’ assessment of U.S. policies in, 299–303
- Felt, Adm. Harry D. (CINCPAC), 24,
162
- ANZUS, 378
- Civic action program, 202
- Communist defectors, amnesty for, 715
- Communist insurgency, assessment of, 167–170
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Crop destruction program, 90
- Defoliant operations, 72, 733
- Delta Pacification Plan, 328
- Honolulu Conferences:
- January 1962, 40, 54
- February 1962, 155
- March 1962, 260, 261, 262
- July 1962, 546n, 547, 548, 549, 551, 552, 554
- Laos:
- Communist activities in, 708,
709
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 713
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 14,
109, 111–112
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 378, 419n
- Neutrality for Vietnam, 714
- Operation Sunrise, 214
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Desertions, 715
- Force level increases, 217,
218
- Training for, 549
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Dependent housing, 715
- Information campaign re, 551
- Thailand, 262
- Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, FY 1963 program, 554–555
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 794
- Vietnam, Republic of, political situation, 168
- Fippin, William H., 155, 265n, 470, 551; 553, 656–657
- Fishel, Wesley R., 45–46, 56, 148–152
- Fitzgerald, Desmond, 366, 580, 655
- Food-denial operations. See
Crop destruction program.
- Force Populaire, 574, 624, 661, 704–705, 772–773, 775
- Foreign Assistance Act, 1961, 222, 226
- Formosa Resolution, 1955, 224
- Forrestal, Michael v., 297n, 299n, 310, 324n, 366, 369–370, 399n, 408, 443n, 467n, 580–581, 583–584, 649–650, 651, 667n, 675n, 676, 728, 743n, 793
- Crop destruction program, 345–346
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 463–466
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 430–431
- Fowler, James, 443n, 481n
- Fox, Guy, 148n, 152–155
- Fraley, Bert, 257
- France, 41, 230,
301, 352, 449, 486, 588, 658, 742–743, 761
- Fulbright, J. William, 221, 518
- Furst, Walter, 443n, 467n
- Galbraith, John Kenneth, 186n, 375–376, 613
- International conference on Vietnam, 336
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 297–298, 309, 317,
324n, 325
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. contacts with, 379, 399
- Gardiner, Arthur Z., 41–44, 155, 157, 179, 265n
- Geneva Accords (see also International Control Commission):
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 230, 697
- Gilpatric, Roswell L., 3–4, 15, 69, 176n, 179, 276, 367, 372, 403, 524n, 567n, 727
- Binh Hoa operation, 99–101
- Civic action program, 256
- Crop destruction program, 620–621
- RVNAF force level increases,
59
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 4–5
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 794–797
- Grant, James P., 183,
184
- Greece, 338
- Green, Marshall, 387n
- Greenfield, James L., 396n
- Gromyko, Andrei, 615
- Gundevia, Yezdezard D., 126–127, 415, 613
- Halberstam, David, 745–746, 758
- Hamilton, Fowler, 41, 282, 372, 403, 441n, 466, 657
- Hamlett, Lt. Gen. Barksdale, 552n
- Hannah, John A., 148
- Harkins, Gen. Paul
D., 110, 186, 244, 254n, 339,
344, 469, 473n, 475n, 602, 673, 674
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam:
- Civic action program:
- Military used for civil projects, 528–529
- U.S. involvement at village level, 245
- Civil Guard, 525
- Communist insurgency:
- Leadership training, 533
- Underground operations, possible, 624, 627
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 234–235, 528
- Battalion-sized operations, 526–527
- Border control, 261, 282.
- Coordination, lack of, 528
- “Cutting the forest” operations (ambushes), 531, 532–533
- Explosion Plan, 624–633, 690, 730, 739, 789
- Field commands, elimination of, 536
- Heavy artillery for, 535
- Helicopters used in, 547
- High-tension lines, protection of, 536
- Leadership training, 534–535
- Maritime operations, 547
- Napalm used in, 760n, 778
- Research and experimentation program, 404
- Vietnamese responsibility for, 530–531
- Crop destruction program, 261, 331, 563,
613n
- Defoliant operations, 727, 732
- Delta Pacification Plan, 328
- Diem, meetings with, 524–539, 622–633
- Honolulu Conferences:
- Laos situation, 511n
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 744, 747
- Expulsions of reporters, 279
- Field operations, 158, 159n, 160
- U.S. participation in combat, 207
- U.S. policy statement re, 158,
159n,
160
- Military Assistance Command, U.S.:
- Operation Sunrise, 214, 246, 303
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Military capabilities, improvements in, 622–624
- Relations with, 659
- Training for, 262, 548–549
- Women, military training for, 623–624
- Strategic hamlet program, 527–528, 550
- Taylor-Nhu meeting, 636
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 524–525, 623
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
- Air Force, increased role for, 795
- Rotation for personnel, 662
- U.S. regional military command, 390,
391, 399, 662
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Morale of people, 628
- Political reforms, 333
- Harriman, W. Averell, 50n, 117n, 129n, 144, 194n, 206, 215n, 220n, 221, 254n, 279n, 287, 305, 311, 364n, 375, 387, 441n, 616n, 703, 738, 754, 760n, 789
- Bowles mission to Southeast
Asia, proposed, 565–566
- Cambodia:
- Neutrality for, 615
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 654, 659
- Chen, meeting with, 615
- Civic action program, 119, 137n
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 161–163
- Explosion Plan, 694–695
- Helicopters used in, 694
- Napalm used in, 760n
- Plan for, 291
- Progress report, 463
- Crop destruction program, 561, 620–621, 675n
- Defoliant operations, 3n, 71n
- Diem, U.S. support for,
309
- Honolulu Conference (February 1962), 141, 155, 161–163
- International conference on Vietnam, 329n
- International Control Commission:
- Citations of violations, 456n
- U.S. introduction of forces issue, 614
- Kennedy-Diem communications, 396
- Laos:
- Communist activities in, 542
- Conference on, 511n, 543, 592
- Troop withdrawals, 615
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 658–659, 663n, 707, 716, 717–718
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Expulsions of reporters, 725n, 734, 735
- Field operations, 124n, 139, 156
- Newsweek ban, 672n
- U.S. participation in combat, 305
- U.S. policy statement re, 158n
- Vietnamese Government, reporters’ relations with, 653
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 31n, 35–36n,
171n, 175n
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 296, 306–307, 350,
368, 374n
- Nehru, meeting with, 613–615
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 309–310, 317–318, 325, 367
- Presidential palace attack, 182–183
- Provincial surveys, 157, 209n,
- Southeast Asia Task Force, 466
- Strategic hamlet program, 694, 728
- Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 652–655, 657–659
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 793
- U.S. over-optimism re Vietnam, 693–696
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of:
- Meeting with officials of, 543–546
- United States, contacts with, 379, 399
- Yalta Agreements, 711–712
- Harris, Russell L., 6
- Heavner, Theodore J. C., 137n, 140n, 144n, 209, 319–320, 396n, 414n, 456n,
497n, 499n, 581, 644n, 647, 651, 672n, 679n, 788n,
789n
- Heble, John, 703, 704, 705, 706
- Heeney, A. D. P., 197–198
- Heho-Lawksawk-Taunggyi Operation (Burma), 79–80
- Heinz, Rear Adm. Luther C., 157, 282, 194n, 209n, 253n, 274n, 304n, 467n, 554, 655
- Hendry, James B., 148n, 152
- Herbicide operations. See
Defoliant operations.
- Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 676
- Hickey-Donnell Report, 248, 249, 250
- Hieu. See
Ngo Trong Hieu.
- Hilsman, Roger, Jr., 69, 99n, 102n, 120n,
218, 244–245, 366–367
- Assessment of Vietnam situation, 789–792
- Communist insurgency, 73–75, 521–523
- Counterinsurgency operations, 790
- Air power used in, 246–247
- Progress reports, 463
- Systematic plan, 291–295
- Crop destruction program, 367, 561–562, 586n, 675n
- Operation Sunrise, 245–246
- Strategic Concept for Vietnam, 73–90, 113–116
- Strategic hamlet program, 791–792
- Vietnam, Republic of, political situation, 757
- Ho Chi Minh, 42, 395, 410, 458n, 671, 775
- Hoa, Father, 624, 661
- Hoai, Col., 775
- Hoang Khac Thanh, 41, 155
- Hoang Nguyen, 543
- Hoang Van Lac, Lt. Col., 238n, 251, 318–319, 414, 418, 426–427, 428, 429, 434
- Hohler, Henry A.E, 414,
429
- Holyoake, K. J., 378
- Hong Kong, 658
- Honolulu Conferences:
- January 1962, 40, 52–54
- February 1962, 141–143, 155,
157–158,
161–163
- March 1962, 260, 261–263
- July 1962, 546–556
- October 1962, 688–691
- Hooten, 117n, 186
- Horgan, Rogers B., 183,
456n
- Hubbard, Wharton D., 197,
253n, 456n
- Hue, Archbishop of. See
Ngo Dinh Thuc.
- Hughes, Thomas L., 246n
- Humphrey, Hubert H., 518
- Hunt, George, 176
- Huyen, Col., 535
- Huynh Huu Nghia, 56
- India (see also
International Control Commission), 230, 302, 351
- U.S. regional military command, response to, 392
- Vietnam situation, policy on, 230
- Indonesia, 300, 302, 351, 786
- Information service, Vietnamese, 13–14, 33–34, 289, 424, 489, 635, 685
- International conference on Vietnam, proposed:
- Chinese Peopleʼs Republic position, 388, 543
- Communist bloc support, U.S. response to, 388–389, 611–612
- Parthasarathiʼs position, 376
- Sihanoukʼs position, 329
- Soviet position, 388, 401
- U.K. position, 401
- U.S. position:
- Galbraithʼs
attitude toward, 336
- Noltingʼs attitude
toward, 329–330
- Vietnamese Democratic Republic support, 342–343, 388–389
- International Control Commission (ICC), 436, 589
- Canadian strategy, 254
- Citations of violations, 456–457
- Communist activities, increased monitoring of, 275
- Communist attacks on monitors, 284
- Communist subversion issue:
- Canadian position, 198
- Evidencere, 420, 436
- Indian position, 126–127, 184
- Ruling on, 298, 375, 419
- U.S. position, 118, 184–185
- Hanoi visit, 658
- International law and, 252–253
- Laos troop withdrawals, monitoring of, 615 ,
- Report on Vietnam, 298, 375, 419–420, 480–481, 492
- U.S. introduction of forces issue:
- Canadian position, 198–199
- Indian position, 126–127, 415–416, 613–614
- Ruling on, 298, 375, 419–420
- U.S.-Indian talks re, 183–184
- U.S. position, 117–119, 185–186, 263–264, 274–275, 340, 400–403,, 415–416, 614
- Vietnamese Democratic Republic propaganda against, 420
- International Monetary Fund, 651
- Jabloski, Gen., 247
- Jaffe, Adrian, 153n
- James, Wayne, 304n
- Janow, Seymour J., 119n, 143, 551
- Japan, 230, 351,
392, 486
- Johnson, Lyndon B., 3, 15, 164, 237, 284, 330, 364n, 601, 677
- Johnson, Robert H., 557, 616, 763n
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 368–369
- RVNAF command structure, 22–23
- Strategic hamlet program, 644–648
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 21–22, 132–133
- Vietnam, Republic of, situation in central areas, 703–706
- Johnson, U. Alexis, 46n, 48n, 70n, 160n, 255n, 258n, 274n, 276n, 305n, 372, 396n, 403, 688
- Civic action program, 119, 137, 200n
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 57–58
- Anti-aircraft operations, 264–265
- Village-level activities, 50–51
- Crop destruction program, 580, 586n, 610, 761–762
- Defoliant operations, 71n, 727
- Diem, assessment of, 762
- Diemʼs replacement,
consideration of, 459–460
- Hilsman-JCS meeting, 113, 115–116
- Honolulu Conference (july 1962), 549
- International Control Commission, 263–264
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 129, 139, 156,
158n
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 128n, 171n, 175n
- RVNAF force level increases,
59, 233
- Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 652
- Vietnam visit, 760–762
- Joint Action Program, 490–492
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 3–4, 167
- Counterinsurgency operations, napalm used in, 760n
- Crop destruction program, 562–564, 610
- Defoliant operations, 566, 733
- Delta Pacification Plan, 328
- Diemʼs replacement,
consideration of, 459–460
- Hilsmanʼs meeting with,
113–116
- International Control Commission, 264
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 47n
- RVNAF force level increases,
39–40,
216–219
- Southeast Asia, strategic importance of, 40
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 794, 796
- Air Force, increased role for, 794, 796
- Jorden, William J., 581
- Jorden Report, 6
- Karnow, Stanley, 176
- Kaysen, Carl, 481n, 651,
676
- Kennedy, John E, 16, 113n, 148n, 244n,
299, 637, 649, 750n, 763n, 793
- Cambodian-Vietnamese relations, 669
- Civic action program, 55, 137n, 283
- Communist defectors, amnesty for, 670
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Anti-aircraft operations, 276
- Binh Hoa operation, 99n
- Piaster funding for, 463, 481
- Police force involvement, 156
- Third country involvement, 296, 307
- “Winning or losing” issue, 179
- Crop destruction program, 367
- Approval of, 675n
- State Department position, 606
- Target selection, 669–670
- Test operations, 584
- Defoliant operations, 310, 727, 732,
734n
- Diem:
- Emergency Medical Program for Vietnam, 417
- Far East, U.S. policies in, 299
- International conference on Vietnam, 329n, 611
- International Control Commission, 264
- Laos, 511–513, 668–669, 671,
696–697,
717–718
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 156
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 14–16, 31n, 35–36n,
38, 129
- Nolting, meeting with,
31
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 297n, 309–310, 317, 367,
370n
- Southeast Asia, U.S. political objectives in, 448, 511–513
- Special Group (Counterinsurgency), 48–50
- Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 667–672
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 224, 225
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. contacts with, 399
- Kennedy, Robert E, 230n, 247, 372, 404, 651
- Kent, Col. J. R., 4n, 325n, 569
- Diem, assessment of, 60–65, 66
- Kessner, Joe, 176
- Khanh. See
Nguyen Khanh Brig. Gen.
Khien, Col., 527
- Khrushchev, Nikita S, 512, 712, 775
- “Kien Hoa“ papers, 27–28, 29
- Knox, Newton B., 155
- Koh Rokar incident, 678
- Korea, Republic of, 351, 397
- Korean war, 223, 449
- Koren, Henry L. T., 41, 451, 466, 655
- Krulak, Maj. Gen. Victor H., 276–279, 372, 564–565, 567n, 728
- Lac. See
Hoang Van Lac, Lt. Col., 238n, 251, 318–319, 414, 418, 426–427, 428, 429, 434
- Lalouette, Roger, 588
- Langen, Odin, 634
- Lansdale, Brig. Gen. Edward G.,
60n, 616n
- Laos, 174
- Communist activities in, 211, 542, 708–710
- Communist infiltration to Vietnam through, 338, 521–523
- Communist reactions to U.S. courses of action, 445–446
- Conference on, 497–498, 511–513, 514–515, 542–543, 592–593
- French policy toward, 742–743
- Mansfieldʼs assessment of,
783–784
- Military situation, 384
- Neutrality issue, U.S.-Vietnamese discussions re, 458, 629,
710–712,
754
- Soviet policy toward, 512, 542, 592–593, 664
- Troop withdrawals, 615
- U.K. policy toward, 664
- U.S. combat forces for, 432–433
- U.S. policy toward, 302, 394, 497–498, 511–513, 593
- U.S. regional military command, response to, 391–392
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 514, 658–659, 663–664, 668–669, 671,
677–679,
696–697,
707, 713–714, 716–718, 719–720
- Le Than, 191
- Le Van Kim, Gen., 599
- Le Van Ty, Gen., 94, 235, 289, 497, 525, 745
- Lebanon, U.S. deployment of forces (1958), 223–224
- LeMay, Gen. Curtis, 142,
263–264, 343, 344–345
- Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman, 4, 7n, 16, 48n, 50n, 53, 179, 372, 379n, 466,
524n
- Crop destruction program, 562–564, 610,
620n
- Hilsman-JCS meeting, 113, 115,
116
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 14–16, 109–110
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 324n
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:Command structure, 51
- Force levelincreases, 39–40
- Thailand, 262
- Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 677
- Vietnam visit, 404
- Levitt, Scott, 178
- Levy, Col. Robert M., 7–10
- Life magazine, 131, 176–180
- Little, Edward. S., 364n, 399n, 481n
- Loftus, Becker, 374n
- Long An hamlet, 363
- Luong. See
Bui Van Luong.
- Luong Son hamlet, 382
- Macapagal, Diosadado, 516, 592
- McConaughy, Walter P., 182, 459n
- McCone, John A., 372, 404, 466
- MacDonald, Malcolm, 537
- McGarr, Lt. Gen. Lionel
C., 11, 14, 19n, 58, 81, 116, 179
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Airpower used in, 96
- Clear-and-hold operations, 26–27
- Diemʼs position,
52
- Zone “D” operation, 1, 24–26
- Crop destruction program, 90–92
- Defoliant operations, 72
- Diem, meeting with, 23–30
- Honolulu Conference (January 1962), 40,
52
- Johnson, Lyndon B., letter to, 164–166
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 111, 165
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 54
- RVNAF training, 28–29, 165–167
- Strategic hamlet program, 165
- McNamara, Robert S.,
7, 15, 176, 441n, 466, 515, 524n
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 69n, 162, 262–263, 689
- Binh Hoa operation, 99n
- Diemʼs position,
52–53
- Explosion Plan, 627, 730
- Helicopters used in, 261, 547
- Piaster funding for, 464
- U.S. sense of urgency re, 602–603
- Visit to front, 383–384
- “Winning or losing” issue, 179
- “X-factor” questions for U.S. military, 506
- Crop destruction program, 261, 562, 675n
- Defoliant operations:
- Defense Department recommendation for, 566–567
- Effectiveness of, 732–733
- Increase in, 733–734
- Kennedyʼs approval
of, 586
- Test operations, 1–3, 53,
71–72, 409
- U.S. authority over, 727, 733–734
- Honolulu Conferences:
- January 1962, 40, 52–54
- February 1962; 155, 162
- March 1962, 260, 261–263
- July 1962, 546n, 547, 548–549, 551, 552, 553, 554, 556
- October 1962, 689–691
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 54, 158n
- Military Assistance Command, U.S.:
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 54
- Montagnards, military training for, 564
- Operation Sunrise, 380–381
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 297n, 309,
324–325
- Prisoners of war, 567
- Provincial surveys, 53–54
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Command structure, 51
- Force level increases, 39
- Training for, 53, 548–549
- Self Defense Corps, arms for, 53, 262
- Southeast Asia, strategic importance of, 40
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Assessment of, 380–383
- Communist attacks, ability to withstand, 736
- Funding for, 551
- Information campaign re, 551
- Paramilitary forces, 549, 551, 564
- Priority constructions, 551
- Thailand, 262
- Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 677
- U.S.economic assistance to Vietnam, 556
- U.S.military assistance, FY 1963 program, 554–555
- U.S.military involvement in Vietnam, contingency
plan for, 283
- Vietnam, Republic of, economic situation, 553
- Vietnam visit, 379–387
- Maechling, Charles, 55n, 160n
- Magathan, Wallace C., Jr., 119n, 209n
- Malaya, 230, 313,
315, 351, 392, 486, 495, 728, 786
- Malaysian Federation, 592, 786–787
- Malraux, Andre, 410
- Manell, Abram E., 323n, 396n
- Manfull, Melvin R, 70n, 582n, 698n, 738n
- Manning, Robert, 129n,
139, 158n, 412
- Mansfield, Mike, 448, 457–459, 518, 594, 676
- Mao Tse Tung, 709
- Marcy, Carl, 676
- Marshall, Gen. George C., 535
- Martin, Edwin w., 52–54, 161–163, 332–333, 365, 707
- Martin, Harold H., 758
- Mau. See
Vu Van
Mau.
- Maung Maung Gyi, 544
- Mayer, Charles, 743
- Mecklin, John, 370–372, 405–407, 409–414, 425, 691, 721n, 722–725, 743–749
- Media coverage of Vietnam (see also U.S.
information policies and programs in Vietnam):
- Caliber of U.S. reporters, 752–753
- Classified information, access to, 33,
54, 747
- Diem, criticism of, 44, 54, 412–414, 721–722, 724
- Expulsion of reporters, 279–281, 665,
721–722,
723–725,
744
- U.S. response, 725–726, 734–736, 746
- Field operations, U.S. policy re coverage of, 98, 124–126, 129–132, 139,
156, 158
- “naccuraciesl” in, 194–195
- Indoctrination briefing for reporters, 758–759
- Lansdaleʼs interview, 176–180
- Military press briefings, 723, 743–744, 747, 749
- Newsweek ban, 34, 672–673, 723, 735
- Nhuʼs control of government
policy, 744–745
- Non-American correspondents, U.S. policy toward, 6–7, 35
- Positive publicity, U.S. efforts re, 124–126, 131, 159–160, 650,
661–662,
757–759
- Presidential palace attack:
- Coverage of, 196
- Responsibility for, 252
- Restrictions on reporters, 723, 745–749
- U.S. liaison with media, 139
- U.S. Mission, media relations with, 34–35, 656
- U.S. participation in combat, 206–207, 305–306, 316,
323–324
- U.S. policy statement re, 158–160
- Vietnamese Government, reporters’relations with, 425, 653,
665, 755
- Washington news leaks, 33, 54
- Meloy, Francis E., 750, 797
- Mendenhall, Joseph A., 17n, 45–46, 56,
265n, 318, 353n, 473–478, 596–601
- Menon, V. K. Krishna, 615
- Meyer, Carl, 676
- Michigan State University Group in Vietnam, 148–149, 152–155
- Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG)
(see also
McGarr, Lt. Gen. Lionel
C.), 68, 164–166, 363
- Civic action program, 258–259
- Delta Pacification Plan, 120
- “Paper-mill” charge against, 179–180
- Personnel increase, 487, 604
- Self Defense Corps and, 604
- Military Assistance Command, U.S. (MACV) (see also
Harkins, Gen. Paul
D.; U.S. military assistance to
Vietnam), 351, 494, 740
- Communist insurgency:
- Food and medical shortages, 612–613
- Infiltration routes, 522
- Diem informed of, 59–60, 65–66, 95
- Establishment of, decision re, 4, 8, 9, 14–16
- Harkins named commander,
4, 15, 179
- Harkinsʼ arrival in
Saigon, 110
- McGarrʼs attitude
toward, 165
- Media coverage of Vietnam and, 745–746, 747, 749
- Mission and tasks, 112, 145
- Press announcement re, 95
- Terms of reference, 15–16, 31n, 35–36, 37, 38, 46–48, 58, 70, 109, 111, 128–129, 171, 175–176
- Military Assistance Command (Thailand), U.S., 390–393, 399, 622
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country (see
also U.S. military assistance to Vietnam):
- Australia, 54, 351, 378, 419, 436,
479, 486, 588n,
605
- Korea, 54, 373–375, 419, 486
- New Zealand, 378
- United Kingdom, 605
- U.S. policy, 296, 306–307, 350–352, 368–369
- Military command, U.S. See
Military Assistance Command, U.S.
- Military operations, Communist. See
Communist insurgency.
- Military operations, U.S.-Vietnamese. See
Counterinsurgency operations.
- Moffatt, Hugh, 176
- Monroe, Bill, 734n
- Montagnards, 11, 12,
22, 88, 138, 404
- Crop destruction program and, 610,
652–653,
673–674
- Flight from highlands, 419, 435, 478,
686
- Military training for, 564–565, 618,
643, 661, 771–772
- Resettlement of, 469, 480, 534,
582–583,
618, 705, 761
- Strategic importance to Vietnam, 314,
780
- Vietnamese attitudes toward, 314, 656
- Montgomery, James, M., 572
- Moore, Daniel E., 655, 664, 743n
- Morse, Wayne, 144, 221–232
- Mundt, Carl, 676
- Murphy, Charlie, 176
- Murrow, Edward R., 34, 129n, 139n, 466, 590–591, 650, 656, 743n
- National Academy for Strategic Hamlets, 381
- National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 724, 734
- National Security Action Memoranda (NSAM):
- 111 (Nov. 22, 1961), 7
- 124 (Jan. 18, 1962), 48–50 131, 221
- 132 (Feb. 19, 1962), 156
- 178 (Aug. 9, 1962), 586–587
- Navy, Vietnamese, 107, 312
- Nehru, Braj Kumar, 183–184, 613–615
- Neilson, N. Paul, 6–7,
33–35
- Neubert, Joseph w., 390n
- Neustadt, Richard, 449
- Neutrality for Vietnam, 474–475, 497–498, 629, 710–712, 714
- The New York Times, 130, 143, 305, 420, 676, 735
- New Yorker magazine, 642
- New Zealand, 230, 351, 378, 486
- Newhouse, John, 676
- Newsweek magazine, 34,
252, 279, 281, 602, 672–673, 676, 723, 735, 757
- Ngo Dinh Can, 268, 702, 704, 705, 728, 765, 772
- Ngo Dinh Diem:
- Agricultural situation, 643
- Alternatives, U.S. consideration of, 64, 232, 459–460, 598–600
- Anti-Communist convictions, 41–42
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 530–531, 630–632
- Cambodia, neutrality for, 761 ]
- Casualties, reaction to, 776
- Central Vietnam situation, 705
- Civic action program, 204, 528–529
- Civil Guard:
- Training for, 525
- Vietnamese complaints re U.S. support, 253
- Commercial development, 43–44
- Communist insurgency:
- General plan of conquest, 642
- Morale problems, 741
- Saigon activities, 629–630
- “Secret papers” of, 27–28, 29
- Training for leaders, 533
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, link to, 285–287
- Counterinsurgency operations, 23–24
- Air power used in, 234–235
- Battalion-sized operations, 526–527
- Border control, 30, 261
- Clear-and-hold operations, 26–27
- “Cutting the forest” operations (ambushes), 531–533
- Explosion Plan, 624–633, 789
- Failure of military effort, responsibility for, 597–598
- Field commands, elimination of, 536
- Frontier posts, 28
- Heavy artillery for, 535
- Helicopters used in, 532
- High-tension lines, protection of, 535–536
- Leadership training, 534–535
- Organizational and administrative problems, 377
- Vietnamese responsibility for, 530–531
- Village-level activities, 30,
43
- Zone “D” operation, 25, 26
- Coup against, possible, 9, 77, 354–355
- Crop destruction program, 91, 261, 331–332
- Delta Pacification Plan, 205, 319
- “Evil influences” on, 150–151, 152
- Fishelʼs assessment of, 46
- Government officials, assessment of, 536–539
- Harkins, meetings with,
524–539,
622–633
- Johnsonʼs assessment of,
762
- Kennedy, communications
with, 285–287, 396–398, 511–513, 514–515, 718–719, 731–732
- Lansdaleʼs assessments of,
66–67,
176–178
- Laos:
- McGarr, meeting with,
23–30
- Mansfieldʼs assessment of,
781, 797
- Mecklin, meeting with, 409–414
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Michigan State University Group, 148–149, 153–154
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., informed of, 58–60, 65–66, 95
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 419n
- Montagnards:
- Military training for, 643
- Resettlement of, 534
- Morale of the people, 628
- National Assembly speech, 695n
- Neutrality for Vietnam, 629
- Northerners and Catholics, favoritism toward, 702
- Operation Sunrise, 246
- Pathasarathiʼs assessment
of, 376
- People,contacts with, 13, 269, 410–411
- Political corruption, campaign against, 228
- Political prisoners, 94
- Political reforms, 62–64, 315, 333–334
- Political support, loss of, 45, 150–151, 152, 468–469
- Presidential palace attack, 182, 187–192, 193, 197
- Provincial surveys, 138
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Command structure, 22–23
- Force level increases, 23–24, 75
- Relations with, 9, 62
- Training for, 24, 28, 29
- Women, military training for, 623–624
- Road program, 42–43
- Stahrʼs assessment of,
337–338
- Strategic hamlet program, 205, 546
- Communist insurgency, impact on, 642–643
- Delta Pacification Plan incorporated into, 428
- Priority constructions, 527–528
- Relocations for, 192
- Taylor, meeting with, 642–643
- Thompsonʼs assessment of,
310–311
- Thuanʼs resignation, rumors
about, 692
- U.S. assessment of, 60–65, 66–67
- U.S. influence with, methods to improve, 64–65, 66–67
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 44, 430–431
- U.S. military representative for, 64–65
- U.S. regional military command, response to, 392, 399
- U.S. support for, 146–147, 309,
354–355
- U.S.-Vietnamese relations, 414
- Yuenʼs assessment of, 474
- Ngo Dinh Luyen, 600
- Ngo Dinh Nhu, 245, 414, 598
- Americans, attitude toward, 744
- Cambodia, perspective on, 712, 713, 752
- Cambodian policy toward U.S., 756
- Central Vietnam situation, 704, 705
- Communist defectors, 710, 715
- Coup against Diem, possible
response to, 477–478
- Crop destruction program, 608
- Explosion Plan, 714–715
- Fishelʼs assessment of, 150
- Land reform, 752
- Laos:
- Mansfield, meeting with,
750–757
- Mansfieldʼs assessment of,
781
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Caliber of U.S. reporters, 752–753
- Control of government policy re, 744–745
- Expulsion of reporters, 724,
725, 744
- Military press briefings, 743
- Vietnamese Government, reporters’ relations with, 755
- Michigan State University Group, 148,
149
- Neutrality for Vietnam, 710–712, 714
- Province rehabilitation program, 762
- RVNAF desertions, 715
- Southeast Asia, social revolutions needed in, 712–713
- Strategic hamlet program, 571, 598, 682
- Arms for villagers, 739
- Assessment of, 470–472
- Construction program, acceleration of, 245, 261, 268, 311–312
- Delta Pacification Plan incorporated into, 415, 427, 434
- Democratic values and, 638–640
- Dependent housing, 715–716
- Guerrilla operations against Communists and, 636–637, 638
- Long-term plan for, 639–640, 750–752
- Priority constructions, 427,
637–638
- Strategy against Communism, 640
- “Will to fight” developed by, 754
- Taylor, meeting with, 636–641
- Thuanʼs resignation, rumors
about, 692
- U.S. military personnel in Vietnam, 641
- U.S. visit, proposed, 462–463
- Ngo Dinh Nhu, Madame, 150–151, 182, 188, 215–216, 220, 252–253, 413, 724, 725, 744, 745
- Ngo Dinh Thuc (Archbishop of Hue), 188, 600
- Ngo Trong Hieu, 140, 260, 406, 424, 425, 692–693, 723
- Nguyen Dinh Thuan,
23n, 25, 101, 255, 339, 409, 412, 497, 525, 532, 536, 600, 650
- Cambodian-Vietnamese relations, 654,
659, 669, 741–742, 743
- Catholicism, conversion to, 46, 56
- Central Vietnam situation, 705
- Civic action program, 258
- Civil Guard, Vietnamese complaints re
- U.S. support, 220, 252–253
- Communist defectors, amnesty for, 289,
670
- Communist insurgency:
- Escalation off possible, 583
- Morale problems, 741
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 234
- Anti-aircraft operations, 255
- Coordination of U.S. and Vietnamese personnel, 12
- Successes of, 652
- Crop destruction program, 90, 122, 613n, 652–653, 669–670
- Delta Pacification Plan, 120, 121n, 251, 318,
319
- Laos:
- Long-term perspective on Vietnam, 588–589
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Expulsion of reporters, 279,
280
- Vietnamese Government, reporters’ relations with, 653, 665
- Military press briefings, 743
- Michigan State University Group, 148,
149, 153
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 58–60, 65–66
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 350
- Montagnards, resettlement of, 582–583
- Personality of, 151
- Political reforms, 315
- Provincial surveys, 235–236
- Resignation, rumors about, 692–693
- Reunification of Vietnam, 588–589
- RVNAF command structure, 11
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Delta Pacification Plan incorporated into, 414, 428–430
- Socioeconomic programs, 740
- Television for Vietnam, 665–666
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 657–658, 671
- U.S. visit, 651
- Kennedy, meeting
with, 667–672
- Rostow, meeting with, 675–676
- Rusk and Harriman, meetings with,
652–655, 657–659
- Summaries off 666-667, 675–677
- Wilson, meeting
with, 664–666
- Nguyen Khanh, Brig.
Gen., 10, 30, 186, 189, 235, 436, 527, 533–534, 743, 748
- Nguyen Luong, 692
- Nguyen Ngoc Tho, 269, 459, 460, 474, 475–478, 598, 750
- Nguyen Thai, 151
- Nguyen Thi Truyen, 196
- Nguyen Thien Ke, 354
- Nguyen Van Luong, 692
- Nguyen Van Vinh, Maj. Gen., 286, 342
- Nhu. See
Ngo Dinh Nhu
.
- Nitze, Paul H., 264, 265, 567
- Nolting, Frederick E., Jr., 11–13, 17n, 23n, 50n, 92–94, 116, 215n, 220n, 254n, 305, 339, 409, 435–437, 461, 468–469, 473n, 475n, 482, 580, 616, 648, 675, 693, 763n
- Action Plan for Vietnam, 499
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 186–187, 701
- Cambodian policy toward U.S., 756
- Cambodian-Vietnamese relations, 678,
741–742,
743
- Civic action program, 68, 202
- Provincial rehabilitation activities, 322–323
- U.S. involvement at village level, 245
- Civil Guard, Vietnamese complaints re U.S. support, 252–253
- “Colonization” charge against U.S., 701–702
- Communist defectors, amnesty for, 715
- Communist insurgency:
- Escalation of, 583
- Food and medical shortages, 612–613
- Morale problems, 741
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 162, 234n, 263, 698–699
- Explosion Plan, 739, 788–789
- Helicopters used in, 739
- Napalm used in, 777–778
- Piaster funding for, 437–442, 454–455, 480
- Crop destruction program, 563, 621
- Defoliant operations, 2
- Delta Pacification Plan, 121n
- Command structure, 318–319
- Operational plans for, 426
- Provincial surveys and, 319–320
- Vietnamese support for, 251–252
- Heavnerʼs report, 353
- Honolulu Conferences:
- January 1962, 40, 54
- February 1962, 155, 157, 162
- March 1962, 260, 261–263
- July 1962, 547–548, 550, 552–553, 554–555, 556
- October 1962, 688
- International conference on Vietnam, 329–330, 401
- International Control Commission, 117n
- Laos:
- Communist activities in, 708,
709
- Conference on, 497n, 511n, 514–515
- French policy toward, 743
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 664n, 677–679, 696–697, 707, 713, 716–717, 719–720
- Long-term perspective on Vietnam, 588–589
- Mansfieldʼs visit, 750, 753
- Media coverage of Vietnam (see also U.S. information programs and
policies in Vietnam
below, 743, 753
- Expulsion of reporters, 279–281, 721–722, 724, 725–726, 734
- Field operations, 98, 124, 125–126, 132, 158
- Newsweek ban, 673n
- Non-American correspondents, U.S. policy toward, 6–7
- Positive publicity, U.S. efforts ref 757
- U.S. participation in combat, 206–207, 305, 316
- U.S. policy statement re, 160
- Vietnamese government, reporters’ relations with, 755
- Michigan State University Group, 154
- Military Assistance Command, U.S.:
- Diem informed of,
58–60, 65–66, 95
- Press announcement re, 95
- Terms of reference, 31n, 35–36,
37, 38, 46–48, 58,
70, 109, 111, 128–129, 171, 175–176
- Montagnards, resettlement of, 582–583
- Neutrality for Vietnam, 710–712, 714
- Operation Sunrise, 246
- Presidential palace attack, 181–182, 187,
189, 190, 192, 193, 195–197
- Provincial surveys, 157
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Command structure, 11, 12
- Relations with, 659
- Resignation, offer of 48, 70
- Senate testimony, 32
- Southeast Asia, need for social revolutions, 712–713
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Delta Pacification Plan incorporated into, 427, 434–435
- Elections, 699–700
- Guerrilla operations against Communists and, 637, 638
- Nhuʼs program of
accelerated construction, 261
- Paramilitary forces, 699, 738–739
- Poorest inhabitants, unpaid work by, 648, 700
- Priority constructions, 539–540, 550
- Relocations for, 700–701
- Retaken villages and, 739–740
- Socio-economic programs, 740
- Strategy against Communism, 640
- Taylor-Diem meeting, 642–643
- Taylor-Nhu meeting, 636, 637, 638, 640
- Thuanʼs resignation, rumors
about, 692–693
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 555, 576–579
- U.S. information programs and policies , in Vietnam (see also Media coverage
of Vietnam
above), 33–35
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 554
- U.S. over-optimism in Vietnam, 738,
740–741
- U.S. regional military command, 399
- U.S. visit (January 1962), 7n, 31, 32, 33
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Economic situation, 437–442, 454–455, 552–553
- Government officials, training for, 553
- Land reforms, 701
- Northerners and Catholics, favoritism toward, 702
- Political reforms, 143, 333
- Political situation, 700
- OʼDaniel, Gen. John w., 67
- OʼDonnell; Adm. Edward J., 53
- Operation Binh Minh. See
Operation Sunrise.
- Operation Hai Yen II, 418–419, 435, 479, 562, 584–585, 682
- Operation Sunrise, 251, 259, 682
- Media reports on, 305–306
- Name for, 316
- Phases of, 292
- Plan for, 212–214
- Progress reports, 418, 435
- Resettlement problems, 369
- Southeast Asia Task Forceʼs assessment of, 479
- Successes of, 380–381
- Thompsonʼs assessment of,
312
- U.S. concerns about, 245–246, 303–304
- Owen, Henry D., 703n
- Pakistan, 302, 351
- Parrott, Raymond C., 403–405
- Parthasarathi, G., 126, 127, 375–376, 379
- Peace Corps, U.S., 414
- Pell, Claiborne, 750,
752
- Personalism philosophy, 151
- Peters, Richard B., 55n
- Peterson, Avery E, 55n, 460n, 467n, 481n
- Pezzullo,Lawrence, 274n, 276n
- Phan Phu Quoc, Lt., 190, 191–192, 195–196, 252
- Phan Van Tao, 424, 425n, 724
- Philippines, 302, 351, 397, 486, 517, 786
- Phillips, Rufus, 470–472, 553, 616, 695, 740
- Phoumi Nosavan, Gen., 391, 392, 708, 742
- Plakies, John, 143
- Political settlement in Vietnam (see
also International conference on Vietnam), 370n
- Defense Department position, 324–327
- Galbraithʼs proposal, 297–298
- Kennedyʼs decision against,
367
- U.S. consideration of, 309–310, 317–318
- Presidential palace, attack on, 659
- Aftermath, 196–197
- Casualties, 195
- Communist reaction, 197
- Diemʼs account, 187–192
- Goals of, 181
- Initial report on, 181
- Military response, 181–182
- Officers’ explanations for, 188–189
- Precipitating events, 189–192, 195–196, 252
- U.S. Contingency Plan and, 182–183
- Prisoners of war, 313
- Provincial surveys, 11, 93, 143, 168, 283, 288, 495
- Broadened scope of, 208–209
- Civic action program and, 209
- Defense Department criticisms, 157
- Delta Pacification Plan and, 209, 235–236, 319–320
- Political data, failure to collect, 53–54, 120, 138
- Public Health Service, U.S., 417
- Pushkin, Georgi M., 614
- Quan, Capt, 356
- Quoc, Lt. See
Phan Phu Quoc, Lt.
- Ramsey, Henry C., 703n
- Ranger companies, 11–12, 30, 86, 93, 288, 363, 496, 532–533
- Delta Pacification Plan, 107, 242
- Force level increases, proposed, 89
- Thompsonʼs assessment of,
314
- Raymond, Jack, 130
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF)
(see also
Air Force, Vietnamese; Army of
the Republic of Vietnam; Civil Guard;
Navy, Vietnamese; Ranger
companies; Self Defense Corps):
- Casualties, 776–777
- Catholicism issue, 45–46, 56
- Civilian Irregular Defense Groups, 549, 551, 661, 689, 775–776
- Command structure, 11, 92, 288, 501, 776–777
- Communications system, 622–623
- Coordination within, 93
- Crop destruction program, 505
- Delta Pacification Plan, 107
- Desertions, 284, 386, 715
- Developments (October 1961-October 1962), 683–684
- Diemʼs relations with, 62
- Force level increases, 75
- Defense Department position, 233–234
- Diemʼs position,
23–24, 75
- JCS position, 39–40, 216–219
- Progress in implementing, 490,
604–605
- 200,000 level, U.S. agreement to,
59
- Force Populaire, 574, 624, 661,
704–705,
772–773,
775
- Harkinsʼ relations with,
659
- Increase in operations, 385
- Intelligence program. See
Central Intelligence Organization.
- Military capabilities, improvements in, 622–624
- Officer training, 658
- Paramilitary forces, proliferation of, 661
- Performance of, 211–212, 468
- Province chiefs, 63
- Training for, 24, 28–29, 53, 114–115, 165–167, 548–549
- Special Forces for, 487, 502
- Women, military training for, 623–624
- Republican Youth Program, 661
- Reston, James, 130
- Rettie, E. R., 197, 253–254, 275
- Reunification of Vietnam, 575,
588–589
- Rice, Edward E., 55n, 117n, 197–199, 221n, 274n, 276n, 323n, 364n, 374n, 396n, 561, 566, 570, 596, 606n, 616n648, 698, 703, 706, 707n
- Rice crop, 271, 421, 571–572, 650, 769–770
- Richardson, John, 473n,
475n, 582
- Richardson, Lt. Gen., 390
- Riley, Vice Adm. Herbert D., 264, 364n, 547
- Robinson, James, 721–722, 724–725, 726
- Roosevelt, Franklin D., 410–411, 544
- Rostow, Walt W., 21, 50n, 299n, 473n, 557, 566n, 571, 581n, 616–618, 763n,
770
- Laos situation, 432–433
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third counny, 296, 306,
350, 368
- Montagnards, 618
- Strategic hamlet program, 617, 644
- Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 675–676
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 132
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, proposed U.S. military operations
against, 393–395
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Central Vietnam, situation in, 703
- Government officials, training for, 617
- Rowan, Carl T., 124, 129–132, 139, 156, 158n
- Rowen, Harry S., 610
- Rowny, Maj. Gen. Edward L., 691, 694
- Rubber production, 271
- Rusk, Dean:
- ANZUS, 378
- Bowles mission to Southeast
Asia,proposed, 516, 517n, 565, 591
- Cambodian-Vietnamese relations, 654
- Civic action program:
- Civilian program, 140
- Definition and purpose of, 55
- Military used for civil projects, 141
- Time phasing plan, 304–305
- Communist infiltration routes, 521
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Crop destruction program:
- Montagnards, impact on, 652–653
- State Department position, 606–609
- Test operations, 364–365
- Defoliant operations, 3n, 71n, 586
- Geneva Accords, U.S. policy on, 194
- International conference on Vietnam, 543, 611
- International Control Commission:
- Kennedy-Diem communications, 396, 511–513
- Laos:
- Communist activities in, 542
- U.S. combat forces for, 432
- U.S. policy toward, 497–498, 511–513
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 707
- Mau, meeting with, 541–543
- Media coverage of Vietnam (see also U.S.
information policies and programs in Vietnam below), 139n
- “Inaccuracies” in, 194–195
- U.S. participation in combat, 305–306, 323–324
- U.S. policy statement re, 158–160
- Vietnamese government, reporters’ relations with, 653
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 46n, 59n
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 378, 588n
- Nehru-Harriman meeting, 613–615
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 327
- Provincial surveys, 209–210
- Southeast Asia Task Force, 466
- Special Group (Counterinsurgency), 48n
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Delta Pacification Plan incorporated into, 414–415
- Priority constructions, 520
- Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 652–655, 666–667
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 443–445, 460–461
- U.S. information programsand policies in Vietnam (see also Media coverage
of Vietnam
above), 158–160
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of:
- U.S. contacts with, 399
- U.S. military operations against, proposed, 393
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Political situation, 757
- Strategic importance to U.S., 167
- Saigon:
- Communist activities in, 629–630
- Sister city in U.S., 504
- Trade fair, 490
- Salans, Carl H, 253n
- Salinger, Pierre, 139n, 158n, 206n
- Sarris, Louis G., 221n
- Saturday Evening Post, 757–758
- Saund, D.S., 296
- Scott, Joseph W., 246n
- Seelye, Talcott W., 152,
153, 154–155
- Self Defense Corps, 28, 29
- Arms for, 53, 262, 385, 423
- Civic action training, 774
- Crimes and misbehavior, 649, 701
- Defended villages, 85
- Delta Pacification Plan, 104, 105–106, 240, 242
- Force level increases, 75, 490, 684
- Defense Department position, 233–234
- Hilsmanʼs position,
88–89, 294
- JCS position, 216–219
- Taylor Report
recommendations, 76
- MAAG support, 487
- Military effectiveness, 169, 170, 244n, 295
- Pay and benefits, 356–357
- Reduction in, pOssible, 772, 773
- Relief duties, 385
- Strategic hamlet program, 84, 355–358, 382
- Thompsonʼs assessment of,
312
- Training for, 76, 262, 494, 502, 547,
548–549,
623
- U.S. support and advice, 604, 773–774
- Shaw, Dr., 408
- Sheehan, Neil, 745
- Shoup, Gen. David M., 15, 344–345
- Sihanouk, Prince Norodom, 197, 329, 516, 542, 608, 615, 654, 659, 669, 713, 742, 756, 761, 784
- Silver, Warren A., 134–136, 141n, 144n, 467n
- Simpson, Howie, 412
- Smith, Bromley, 71n, 283n, 331n
- Smith, Gordon, 468–469, 482
- Smith, Margaret Chase, 750, 756
- Smith, Walter Bedell, 225, 322
- Sochurek, Howard, 80–81, 98, 130, 131, 178
- Sorensen, Thomas C., 590n
- Souphanovong, Prince, 615, 784
- Southeast Asia:
- Attitudes toward U.S., 593
- Buffer area approach, 594–595
- Chinese Peopleʼs Republic policy toward, 388
- Communist plan of conquest, 458
- Mansfieldʼs report on, 783–787
- Nhuʼs perspective on, 712–713
- Strategic importance, 40
- U.S. political objectives, 302–303, 448–451, 511–513, 593–595, 783,
787
- U.S. regional military command, 390–393, 399, 662
- Southeast Asia Task Force (see also Action Plan for Vietnam), 655–657
- Directorʼs responsibilities, 453
- Establishment of, 466
- Functions of, 466
- Members of, 466
- Organization of, 451–453
- Status report on Vietnam, 478–481
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO):
- Council meeting, 708
- Counterinsurgency plan for Vietnam, 172–174
- Dissolution of, proposed, 299–300, 302–303
- Economic and military assistance to Vietnam, 227
- Southern Liberation Front, 168
- Souvanna Phouma, 211, 542, 543, 593, 615, 708, 742, 756, 784
- Soviet Union
- International conference on Vietnam, 388, 401
- Laos, policy toward, 512, 542, 592–593, 664
- Spread of Communism, approach to, 387
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of:
- Vietnam policy, 174–175, 232
- Spain, 658
- Special Group (Counterinsurgency), 69, 157n, 461–462, 743n, 763n, 789n
- Special National Intelligence Estimates (SNIE):
- 10-62 (Feb. 21, 1961), 164
- 58-5/1-62 (June 12, 1962), 445–447
- Spurgin, C. Richard, 443n, 603n
- Stahr, Elvis J., Jr., 337–339
- Staley, Eugene, 605
- Staley/Thuc Report, 42
- Stalin, Joseph, 711–712
- Stoneman, Walter G., 247n, 282, 304n, 320–322, 377–378, 443n,
460n
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Agriculture and, 248–249, 571–572, 769–770
- Border hamlets, proposed, 88
- Central Vietnam hamlets, 704
- Chiefs, training for, 768–769
- CIA assessment of, 515
- Communications systems, 335, 382–383, 404, 422,
480
- Communist attacks, 244, 360, 727–729, 736–738
- Communist defectors and, 471
- Communist insurgency, impact on, 272,
642–643
- Congress of hamlets, proposed, 573,
619–620,
769
- Control of population, 422, 480
- Crop destruction program and, 609
- Defenses of, 83–84, 85
- Delta Pacification Plan, strategic framework for;103-104, 240
- Delta Pacification Plan incorporated into, 414–415, 427, 428–430, 434–435
- Democratic values and, 638–640
- Dependent housing, 715–716
- District advisers for, 770
- Education, 424, 574, 619
- Elections, 470–471, 598, 617, 648,
699–700,
706, 767
- Establishment of hamlets, cadres for, 362–363
- Explosion Plan and, 628–629, 630
- Fences issue, 765–766
- Funding for, 520, 551, 691
- Government officials’ involvement in, 573, 620
- Guerrilla operations against Communists and, 636–637, 638
- “Hamlet kit” for, 682, 691, 728,
729
- Heavnerʼs assessment of,
764, 765–770
- Hilsmanʼs assessment of,
791–792
- Information campaign re, 551, 657
- Intelligence aspects, 78, 84
- Key to military victory, 273n
- Land reform, 572–573
- Local administration, effect of, 766,
768
- Loyalties of inhabitants, exposure of, 766
- McNamaraʼs assessment of,
380–383
- Mansfieldʼs assessment of,
780–782
- Military authority over, 471
- National policy, designation as, 96
- Nhuʼs assessment of, 470–472
- Nhuʼs program of
accelerated construction, 245, 261, 268,
311–312
- Operation Sunrise and, 245–246, 380–381
- Organizational problem, 476
- Paramilitary forces, 84, 115, 338,
549, 551, 773
- Plan for, 639–640, 750–752
- Popular attitudes toward, 248–250, 648,
700
- Priority constructions, 427, 429–430, 476, 520,
527–528,
539–540,
550–551,
597–598,
637–638
- Progress reports, 292–293, 419,
546, 680, 681–682
- Proposal for, 83–84
- Protection for villagers through, 268
- Provincial concepts of, 360–361
- Relocations for, 26, 192, 205,
648, 700–701
- Retaken villages and, 739–740
- Salary problems, 361–362, 475–476
- Shortage problems, 358–359, 381
- Socioeconomic programs, 268–269, 473–474, 598,
695, 740, 769–770
- Strategic concept of, 78–79
- Strategic Hamlet Committee, 205, 427, 495,
496
- Strategy against Communism, 640
- Successes of, 293, 381, 656
- Time requirements, 165
- Trend of events, means of measuring, 644–648
- Two-thirds concept, 639, 640
- Types of hamlets, 248–249
- U.S. advisers in provinces, 353–355, 359–360
- U.S. economic assistance for, 359–360, 462
- Volunteers for, 471
- “Will to fight” developed by, 754
- Sukarno, Achmed, 516
- Sullivan, William H., 541, 543
- Sully, Francois, 279, 280, 281, 412, 602n, 653, 665, 723
- Swezey, Anthony Clinton, 541
- Sylvester, Arthur, 110, 139, 158n, 194n, 379n, 551
- Tam An Village, 293
- Tan Phu hamlet, 293
- Task Force on Vietnam, 47, 157–158, 281–282, 334–335, 343–345, 377–378
- Civic action program, 321, 322–323, 485, 487
- Counterinsurgency operations, outline plan for, 17–21
- Delta Pacification Plan, 109n
- Economic assistance to Vietnam, 134–136, 143
- Final Report, 484–497
- Information programs and policies, 13–14
- Southeast Asia Task Force and, 453
- Thompson, meeting with,
307–308
- Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 3, 11n, 15, 31, 69, 113n, 157, 244, 281, 334, 343, 373, 377, 405, 441n, 466, 473n
- Civic action program, 78, 200n
- Communist insurgency, assessment of, 660
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 57n
- Binh Hoa operation, 99
- Explosion Plan, 661, 690, 730–731
- Information programs, 341,
347
- SEATO Plan 7, 172
- Village-level activities, 50
- “Winning or losing” issue, 662–663
- Crop destruction program, 367, 345, 675n
- Defoliant operations, 71n, 409
- Delta Pacification Plan, 307
- Hilsman report, 73n
- Honolulu Conferences:
- March 1962, 261
- October 1962, 690
- International conference on Vietnam, 329n
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Field operations, 156
- Positive publicity, U.S. efforts re, 661–662
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 31n, 35–36n,
37, 38
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 373
- Montagnards, military training for, 643
- Operation Sunrise, 212, 303
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 317
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Force level increases, 216
- Paramilitary forces, proliferation of, 661
- Southeast Asia Task Force, 451
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Communist attacks, ability to withstand, 727, 736–738
- Democratic values and, 638–639
- Guerrilla operations against Communists and, 636–637, 638
- Long-term plan for, 639
- Priority constructions, 637–638
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 462
- U.S. regional military command, 662
- Vietnam, Republic of, political reforms, 333, 556
- Vietnam visit:
- World tour, 633
- Taylor, Milton C., 153n
- Thailand, 164, 174, 302–303,
351, 605
- Subversion, capability to resist, 262
- U.S. policy toward, 785–786
- U.S. troop deployments in, 390–393, 399
- Village-level organizing, need for, 712
- Thanh, Col., 533
- Thao, Col., 248–249, 250, 354, 355, 357, 361, 462–463
- Thieu, 190–191
- Tho. See
Nguyen Ngoc
Tho.
- Thompson, Llewellyn, 174–175
- Thompson, R. G. K., 50, 82n, 218, 284, 371, 486, 540
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 313,
315
- Civic action program, 314
- Civil Guard, 312
- Communist insurgency, 311, 314
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 312–313
- Information programs, 315
- Time phasing, 313–314
- Villages, importance of, 311
- Crop destruction program, 314
- Delta Pacification Plan, 102–109, 120,
205, 206, 307–308, 313
- Diem, assessment of, 310–311
- Operation Sunrise, 312
- Prisoners of war, 313
- Ranger companies, 314
- Self Defense Corps, 312
- Strategic hamlet program, 311–312
- Vietnam, Republic of, political reforms, 315, 333
- Thong, Col., 532
- Thuan. See
Nguyen Dinh
Thuan.
- Thuc, Dean, 155, 421
- Time magazine, 252,
723
- Timmes, Maj. Gen. Charles J., 259, 482–483, 554, 689
- Timmons, Benson E.l., 126–127, 415–416
- Trach, Col., 332
- Tran Quoc Buu, 599
- Tran Van Chuong, 457–459
- Tran Van Don, Maj. Gen., 630
- Tran Van Tho, 424
- Tranh, Col., 531
- Truce in Vietnam,possible, 237–238
- Trueheart, William C., 41, 205n, 318, 353n, 473n, 475n, 622, 644n, 698n, 705, 721
- Civil Guard, Vietnamese complaints re U.S. support, 215–216, 220
- Communist insurgency, 210–212
- Counterinsurgency operations, 265–273
- Crop destruction program, 121–122
- Delta Pacification Plan, 109n, 120–121, 235–236
- International conference on Vietnam, 342–343
- International Control Commission, 340
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 206–207
- Province rehabilitation program, 762
- Provincial surveys, 208–209, 235–236
- Southeast Asia Task Force, 655–656
- Status report, 418–426
- Strategic hamlet program, 428–430
- Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 652
- Truong Buu Khanh, 41, 409, 410, 750
- Truong Vinh Le, 750
- Tunku, Abdul Rahman, 516
- Tuyen, Dr., 196, 600, 692–693
- Ty, Gen. See
Le Van Ty,
Gen.
- Ung Van Kiem, 543, 544
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See, Soviet Union.
- United Kingdom, 230, 352, 397, 486, 588
- International conference on Vietnam, 401
- Laos policy toward, 664
- Military assistance to Vietnam, 605
- U.S. information program, cooperation with, 33–34
- United Nations, 223
- Vietnam situation, consideration of, 226–227, 492
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 494, 635
- Administration of, 136
- “Buy American” restrictions, waiver of, 463, 464, 466, 467–468, 481,
606, 657–658, 671
- Cash grants to support international convertibility of local
currency, 431, 437–441, 443–445, 454–455, 460–461, 463–468, 480, 481
- General guidelines, 22
- Import financing, 466, 467–468, 481, 490
- Joint U.S.-Vietnamese communique, 6
- Prioritization of projects, 143, 147, 157,
295
- Road program, 22, 42–43
- Strategic hamlet program and, 359–360, 462
- Third country assistance, 230, 444, 486
- U.S. FY 1962 program, 132–136
- U.S. FY 1963 program, 132–136, 555–556, 576–579
- U.S. Information Agency (USIA) (see also
U.S. information programs and policies in
Vietnam), 13, 481, 664–666, 691, 722
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam (see also Media coverage of
Vietnam):
- Action Plan, 503–504
- Communists, new name for, 371
- Counterinsurgency information activities, 20, 268–270, 315, 335, 341,
347–349,
405–407
- Defoliant operations, 2–3
- Diemʼs image, work on, 410–412
- Magnitude of, 634–635
- Mecklinʼs assignment to,
370–372
- Media contacts with USIS, 372
- Military assistance, public relations aspects of, 4–5
- Movies used in, 691
- Positive media coverage, methods to obtain, 124–126, 131, 159–160, 650,
661–662,
757–759
- Psychological warfare, 13, 14, 20
- U.K. cooperation, 33–34
- Vietnamʼs information service, advisers for, 13–14, 33–34
- U.S. Information Service (USIS) (see also
U.S. information programs and policies in
Vietnam), 341, 370–372, 407, 411, 424, 425, 489, 665–666, 740
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam (see also Military Assistance Command,
U.S.; Military assistance to Vietnam, third
country; U.S. introduction of forces
issue
under
International Control Commission; U.S. military involvement in Vietnam), 494–495
- Developments (October 1961-October 1962), 683–684
- Increase, need for, 462
- Joint U.S.-Vietnamese communique on, 6
- Materiel, 462, 524–525, 623
- Public relations aspects, 4–5
- Training problem, 44
- U.S.direct allocation of resources, 430–431
- U.S. program for FY 1963, 553–555
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam (see
also
U.S. introduction of forces issue
under
International Control Commission):
- Advisers:
- Air operations, 141–142, 206–207, 246–247, 262–263, 493,
689, 793–797
- Appropriations for, 226
- Casualties, 145, 683
- Commitment, possible, 782–783
- Congressional participation in decisionmaking, 224–225
- Constitutional questions, 222–223
- Contingency plan for, 283, 488
- Geneva Accords and, 225–226
- Information for troops about Vietnam, 641
- Kennedyʼs position, 4, 141–142, 144
- Korea and Lebanon, comparisons with, 223–224
- Media coverage of, 206–207, 305–306, 316,
323–324
- Non-combat purpose of, 225
- Rotation for personnel, 641, 662
- Senate inquiries re, 144, 222–232
- U.S. public opinion on, 581, 583–584
- U.S.News and World Report, 125, 130
- Usher, Richard E., 323n
- Valeo, Frank, 457–459, 676
- Vien, Lt. Col., 631–632
- Viet Congo See Communist insurgency.
- Vietnam. See:
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (DRY):
- Air strikes against, 671
- Chinese Peopleʼs Republic assistance,attitude toward, 375, 388
- Communist bloc, relations with, 101–102, 175, 286
- Communist bloc reactions to possible U.S. operations against, 446–447
- Communist insurgency, link to, 285–287, 533
- Economic development in Republic of Vietnam, response to, 753–754
- Government opposition in, 709
- Harrimanʼs meeting with
officials, 543–546
- Internal problems, 388
- International conference on Vietnam,support for, 342–343, 388–389
- International Control Commission:
- Propaganda against, 420
- Visit by, 658
- Prisoners of war, treatment of, 420
- Propaganda activities, 420–421, 436–437
- United States, contacts with, 379,
399, 543–546
- U.S.military intervention, protests against, 544–546
- U.S. military operations against, possible, 332–333, 365–366, 375, 393–395, 446–447
- U.S.regional military command, response to, 390–391
- Withdrawal from combat, possible.See
Political settlement in Vietnam.
- Vietnam, Republic of (RVN):
- See also:
- Administrative subdivisions, 699
- Agricultural situation, 271, 421, 424,
489, 571–572, 643, 650,
686, 769–770
- Amnesty program for Communist defectors, 13, 94, 289, 497, 500, 658,
670, 714, 715
- Bilateral treaty with U.S., proposed, 485
- Cambodia, relations with, 101, 197, 485,
541–542,
654, 659, 669, 678, 741–742, 743,
759
- Censorship of U.S. scholars, 154
- Central Vietnam, situation in, 703–706
- Commercial development, 43–44, 676
- Communist sympathizers, rehabilitation program for, 774
- Constitutional changes, 659
- Constitutional Court, 267
- Developments (October 1961-October 1962), 680, 684–686
- Economic reforms, 93, 491, 685–686
- Economic situation, 12, 149, 290,
344, 373, 421–422, 552–553
- Counterinsurgency operations and, 270–272
- Deficits and piaster shortages, 431, 437–442, 443–445, , 454–455, 460–461, 463–468, 480, 555
- Foreign exchange reserves, 439
- Long-range development programs, 488, 491–492, 503, 606
- U.S. advisers for, 605–606
- Educated class, 267–268
- Education, 423–424, 574, 619
- Flood relief operations, 494–495
- Government officials, training for, 536–539, 553, 573–574, 617,
685, 706
- Information service, 13–14, 33–34, 289, 424, 489,
635, 685
- Intelligence service. See
Central Intelligence Organization.
- Land reform, 572–573, 619, 701, 752
- Laos, relations with, 514, 658–659, 663–664, 668–669, 671, 677–679, 696–697, 707,
713–714,
716–718,
719–720
- Lottery scandal, 692–693
- Medical assistance, 335, 417, 554
- Morale of people, 364, 628, 771
- National Economic Council, 93, 267
- National Internal Security Council, 11,
63, 92,
287–288,
495, 496
- Northerners and Catholics, favoritism toward, 649, 702
- Police service, 294, 422
- Political prisoners, 94, 289, 497
- Political refonns, 229, 315
- Political situation, 12, 76–78, 289–290
- Conuption, 46, 228, 648, 700
Diemʼs loss of
support, 45, 150-151, 152, 468–469
- Governmental organization, 265–266, 272
- Opposition, legal, 574–575
- Provinces, 168
- U.S. assessments of, 76–78, 757
- U.S. governmental advisers, 288, 343–344
- U.S. support for government, 227–229
- Province rehabilitation program, 762
- Provincial Councils, 363
- Psychological shock, need for, 151–152
- Public health, 422, 423, 686
- Public works, 423
- Road program, 22, 42–43, 423
- Rural police
- Social Purification Law, 94, 150–151, 435–436
- Strategic importance to U.S., 145–146, 167
- Television for, 665–666
- Underdevelopment in, 751
- U.S. agricultural assistance, 248,
249
- U.S. Congressional delegations (see also
Mansfield,
Mike), 762
- U.S. Economic Counselor, assignment of, 143
- Women, military training for, 623–624
- Vietnamese Peopleʼs Revolutionary Party, 168,
211, 285
- Vietnamese Special Financial Group, 134
- Vinh, Col., 10, 533
- Vo Nguyen Giap, 42, 783
- Voice of America, 34
- Vu Van Mau, 197, 514, 541–543, 644n, 673n, 677–679, 692, 693
- Vu Van Thai, 151
- Walton, Frank E., 344
- Washington Post, 131,
676
- Weede, Maj. Gen. Richard, 187, 255, 344, 473n,
475n
- Weinthal, Ted, 676
- White, John P., 32
- Williams, Hayden, 60n, 324–325, 364n
- Wilson, Donald M., 7, 33, 139n, 158n, 412, 651, 664–666
- Withdrawal of troops proposal. See
Political settlement in Vietnam.
- Wood, Chalmers B., 11n, 95n, 141,
144n, 221n, 247, 253n, 274n, 320, 321, 334–335, 387–389, 406, 443n, 456n, 460, 461–463, 466, 481n, 497n, 499, 520n, 570,
571, 580–582, 602, 603n, 606n, 611n, 616n, 644, 652, 664, 666n, 667n, 675–677, 679n,
688–691, 693n, 725, 734–736, 757–759, 760n, 763n
- Y, Col., 266
- Yalta Agreements, 711–712
- Yarmolinsky, Adam, 567n
- Young, Kenneth, 262
- Youth Corps, 382
- Yu Quoc Thuc, 651
- Yuen Tse Kien, 473–475
- Zablocki, Clement, 676
- Zone “D” operation, 1–3, 4, 24–26, 54