Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume II,
Vietnam, 1962
Index
- Action Plan for Vietnam:
- Adenauer, Konrad, 697
- Agency for International Development (AID), 377
- Advisers at provincial level, 618
- Civic action program, 115–116, 138,
282, 320–322, 488
- Emergency Medical Program for Vietnam, 417
- Strategic hamlet program, 551, 691, 695
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 136, 295, 437n
, 464, 555–556
- Agreement for Mutual Defense Assistance in Indochina, 1950, 222, 223
- Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (P.L. 480), 1954, 494n
, 700n
- Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 590
- Ainsworth, Tom, 581
- Air Force, U.S., involvement in counterinsurgency operations, 141–142, 206–207, 246–247, 262–263, 493, 689, 793–797
- Air Force, Vietnamese, 107, 688–689, 777
-
Alexander, Roy, 176
-
Alsop, Joseph, 462, 676
-
Anderson, Adm. George w., 15, 115, 116, 459–460, 552
-
Anderson, Richard S., 634
-
Anspacher, John M., 6n
, 33, 34, 98,
341, 347–349, 371
-
Anthis, Brig. Gen. Roland H.,
162, 262–263, 549, 688, 689, 690–691
- ANZUS Council, 378, 588
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) (see also
Ranger companies):
- Aggressiveness in battle, 363, 630–632
- Amnesty plan, 13
- Battalion sizes, 263
- Border control, 86, 93, 261
- Command structure, 313, 496
- Crimes and misbehavior, 649, 701
- Dedication of troops, 315
- Defensive positions, 75
- Defoliant operations, 674
- Delta Pacification Plan, 241, 242
- Force level increases, 486–487, 488–489
- Guerrilla tactics, adoption of, 85–86
- Leadership problems, 525–526, 530–531
-
McNamaraʼs visit, 383–384
- Medical facilities, 357
- Replacement units, need for, 385
-
Stahrʼs assessment of,
338–339
- Training for, 186–187
- Vulnerability of, 338
- Associated Press (AP), 723
- Australia, 230, 495
-
Bagley, Worth H., 157–158, 281–282, 343–345, 377–378
- Counterinsurgency operations, 335
- Information programs, 341,
347–349
- Media coverage of field operations, 156
-
SEATO Plan 7, 172–174
- Crop destruction program, 331n
, 334,
345–346.
- Defoliant operations, 407–409
- Delta Pacification Plan, 307–308
- Honolulu Conference (March 1962), 261–263
- International conference on Vietnam, 329n
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 373–374
- Operation Sunrise, 212–214, 303–304
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 317–318
-
RVNAF force levels,
recommendations for, 216–219
- Southeast Asia Task Force, 451–453
- Strategic hamlet program, 727–729
- Vietnam, RepUblic of, political reforms, 333–334, 556–560
-
Ball, George w., 466, 481n
, 489
- Counterinsurgency operations, 255,
274, 276
.
- International conference on Vietnam, 611–612
- International Control Commission, 253–254, 274–275
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 156, 672–673Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 374–375
-
Noltingʼs offer to resign,
70
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 467–468
-
Bao Dai, 410
-
Barbour, Robert E., 698n
, 738n
-
Barnard, Robert J., 117n
, 613n
-
Barrington, James, 544
-
Barwick, Sir Garfield, 378, 436, 588
-
Battle, Lucius D., 46n, 171n
-
Baumgartner, Herbert, 370, 405
-
Beach, Keyes, 130, 131
-
Ben Tuong hamlet, 358,
359, 362, 380
-
Bigart, Homer, 130, 279, 280, 281, 305–306, 316, 404, 430, 653, 723
-
Binh Hoa operation(January 1962), 57–58, 69, 80–82, 99–101, 359
-
Bloomfield, Lincoln, 676
-
Bogardus, George E, 155,
265n
-
Boggs, Marion w., 750,
753
-
Bosco, Father, 624
-
Bowles, Chester A.:
- Southeast Asia mission, proposed 516-519, 565–566, 591–595
- U.S. Far East policies, assessment of, 299–303
- U.S. political objectives in Southeast Asia, 448–451
-
Brent, Joseph L., 691, 740
-
Bridgham, Philip, 101–102
-
Brown, Harold, 566n
-
Browne, Malcolm, 154–155, 425, 723
-
Brubeck, William H., 459n
, 466
-
Buchanan, Col., 551
-
Bui Van Luong, 429, 435, 473
-
Bunce, William K., 722
-
Bundy, McGeorge, 139n
, 148n
, 183n
, 206n
, 221, 283, 299n
, 366, 417, 430, 481n
, 484n
, 580n
,
583, 586–587, 590, 675n
, 679n
, 734n
, 797n
-
Bundy, William P., 57, 59, 186, 187, 193, 403, 481n
, 524n
, 548, 556, 564n
, 567n
, 616n
-
RVNAF force levels,
recommendations for, 233–234
-
Burke, Robert T., 698n
- Burma, 300, 302,
351, 392, 517, 594, 786
-
Burris, Col. Howard L., 237–238, 284–285, 330–331, 601–603
-
Buu Hoan, 651
- Bymside, Capt., 553–554
- Ca Mau operation, 381, 634
- Cambodia, 174, 300, 397, 594
- Attacks on Vietnamese civilians, 369,
419
- Border control, 60S, 654, 656
-
Mansfieldʼs assessment of,
784–785
- Neutrality for, 615, 761
-
Nhuʼs assessment of, 712, 713,
752
- United States, relations with, 756,
784–785
- U.S. regional military command, response to, 392
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 101, 197, 485, 541–542, 654,
659, 669, 678, 741–742, 743, 759
- Vietnamese (RVN) attacks into,
678
- Can Lao Party, 702
- Canada (see also International
Control Commission), 230, 486
- Cao, Col., 191, 631, 776–777
-
Cao, Gen., 140, 192, 266, 268, 319, 435
-
Carroll, Lt. Gen. Joseph H, 506n
-
Carson, Rachel, 590
-
Carter, Marshall S., 515
- Catholic Youth Program, 624, 661
-
Celebrezze, Anthony J., 417
- Central Intelligence Agency, U.S. (CIA),
445n
, 515
- Presidential palace attack, report on, 181
- Central Intelligence Organization, Vietnamese (CIO), 27, 63, 92–93, 288, 289, 684
- “Charter for a Free and Independent Southeast Asia,” proposed, 517, 518–519, 565–566, 594
-
Chayes, Abram J., 117n
, 199, 221n
, 456n
-
Chen Yi, 615
-
Child, Frank C., 153n
- China, Peopleʼs Republic of, 339, 615
- “Food for peace” deal, possible, 395
- Internal situation, 395
- International conference on Vietnam, 388, 543
- Intervention in Vietnam, possible, 127, 164, 388, 301
- Southeast Asia policy, 388
- Spread of Communism, approach to, 387
- U.S. regional military command, response to, 390–391
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of:
- Relations with, 101–102
- U.S. attacks, possible response to, 446–447
- China, Republic of, 230, 339, 351, 486, 796–797
-
Chuong, Madame, 285n
- Cinnamon crop, 271
- Citizensʼ Irregular Defense Groups. See
Civilian Irregular Defense Groups.
- Civic action program (see also Strategic hamlet program):
- Administration by Vietnamese, 138,
293
- Civic action teams, 68, 86–87, 119, 257–258, 293–294
- Civilian program, 68, 137–138, 140, 202–203
- Community, impact on, 133, 204
- Country Team, required actions by, 201
- Definition and purpose of, 55
- Governmental structure, establishment of, 257
- Human rights concepts and, 277
- Integrated program, need for, 115–116, 201,
321–322
-
Lansdaleʼs assessments of,
256–257,
277–278
- Military used for civil projects, 22,
55, 68,
137, 141, 142, 202, 258–259, 501,
528–529,
605
- Organizations and cadres, 203
- Personnel and materiel requirements, 88, 204–205
- Popular support, methods to achieve, 256–257
- Propaganda activities, 204
- Provincial rehabilitation activities, 322–323
- Provincial surveys and, 209
- Rural development approach, 320–321, 488
- Special Group (CI) papers on, 200–206, 258–260
- Strategy for Vietnam and, 200–201, 205–206, 282
- Task Force on Vietnamʼs assessment of, 485, 487
-
Taylorʼs recommendationʼ
for, 78
- Third country assistance, 142
-
Thompsonʼs assessment of,
314
- Time phasing plan, 304–305
- U.S. involvement at village level, 245
- Vietnamese attitude toward, 68, 283, 388
- Village-government ties promoted through, 114
- Civil Guard, 29, 42, 53
- Arms for, 385, 423
- Crimes and misbehavior, 649, 701
- Defended villages, 85
- Delta Pacification Plan, 104, 105, 106,
240, 242
- Force level increases, 75, 487, 490,
684
- Defense Department position, 233–234
-
Hilsmanʼs position,
88–89, 294
- JCS position, 216–219
-
Taylor Report
recommendation, 76
- Military effectiveness, 169, 295
- Relief duties, 385
- Strategic hamlet program, 84, 382
-
Thompsonʼs assessment of,
312
- Training for, 76, 262, 494, 502, 525,
548–549,
623
- U.S. support and advice, 604
- Vietnamese complaints re U.S. support, 215–216, 220, 252–253
- Civilian Irregular Defense Groups (CIDG), 549, 551, 661, 689, 775–776
-
Clark, Bill, 6
-
Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 655
-
Cleveland, Robert G., 497n
-
Clifton, Brig. Gen. Chester v.,
283
-
Cline, Ray, 366
-
Coffin, Frank M., 200n
, 372, 405
-
Collins, Gen. J. Lawton, 61
- “Colonization” charge against U.S., 649, 701–702
- Communist defectors:
- Amnesty for, 13, 94, 289, 497, 500,
658, 670, 714, 715
- Laos situation and, 710
- Propaganda uses, 503
- Strategic hamlet program and, 471
- Communist insurgency (see also Communist subversion issue
under
International Control Commission):
- Administration of controlled areas, 74
- Air drops, 254–255, 273
- Casualties, 314, 477, 649–650
- Communist aggression, evidence of, 420, 436, 489
- Developments (October 1961-October 1962), 679–681, 686
- Economic impact,.271
- Escalation of, 149, 230–232, 284, 583
-
Feltʼs assessment of, 167–170
- Food and medical shortages, 612–613
- Future developments, 686–687, 783
- Guerrilla tactics, 169
-
Heavnerʼs assessment of,
764, 775
-
Hilsmanʼs assessment of,
73–75
- Infiltration increases, 775
- Infiltration routes, 113–114, 146,
338, 521–523
- Intelligence Estimate on, 164
- Interagency Intelligence Committee assessment of, 210–212
- Kidnappings, 681
- Laos, activities in, 211;708-710
- Leadership training, 533
- Local resources, reliance on, 74
- Military strategy, 73–74, 210–211, 212,
642
- Military strength, 73, 167–168, 170, 624
- Mine warfare, 29
- Nationalism and, 311, 315
- Political and propaganda activities, 168–169, 211, 237
- Popular attitude toward Communists, 781
- Radio station, 158
- Recruits for, 75, 596
- Saigon activities, 629–630
- “Secret papers” of, 27–28, 29
- Southeast Asia Task Forceʼs assessment of, 479
- Soviet support, 232
- Strategic hamlet program, impact of, 272, 642–643
- Strategic hamlets, attacks on, 244,
360, 727–729, 736–738
-
Taylorʼs assessment of,
660
- Underground operations, possible, 624,
627
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, link to, 285–287, 533
- Village-level strategy, 27, 681
- Communist sympathizers, rehabilitation for, 774
-
COMUSMACV. See
Military Assistance Command, U.S.
- Congress, U.S.:
- Acts and resolutions of:
- Agreement for Mutual Defense
- Assistance in Indochina, 1950, 222, 223
- Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (P.L.
480), 1954, 494n
, 700n
- Foreign Assistance Act, 1961, 222, 226
- Formosa Resolution, 1955, 224
- Middle East Resolution, 1957, 224
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 32,
221
-
Noltingʼs testimony, 32
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, inquiriesre, 144;222-232
- U.S. military policy in Vietnam, involvement in, 224–225
- Visits to Vietnam by Congressmen, 762
-
Corcoran, Thomas J., 45
-
Cottrell, Sterling J., 32, 35, 50n
, 52, 117n
, 129n
, 194n
, 221n
, 256, 287–291, , 311, 332, 373, 387, 396n, 430, 497n
, 616n
648-649, 698, 763n
- Action Plan for Vietnam, 499
- Civic action program, 55n
, 119, 137–138, 140n
, 142, 258–260, 282,
304n
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 141–142, 161
- Organizational and administrative problems, 377–378
- Third country involvement, 296, 306
- Crop destruction program, 121, 281–282, 331n
, 344, 364n
, 570
- Delta Pacification Plan, 120
-
Diem, U.S. support for,
146–147
- Geneva Accords, U.S. policy re, 144–145 International Control
Commission, 253n
,
264, 456n
- Laotian-Vietnamese relations, 663–664
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 158n
, 305n
, 323n
, 672n
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 95n
, 145
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 350–352, 368, 369,
374n
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 325
- Provincial surveys, 138, 143, 157,
209n
- Reunification of Vietnam, 365
- Southeast Asia Task Force, 451–452, 466,
655, 656
- Strategic hamlet program, 273n
, 520n
, 644
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 134n
, 147,
467n
, 481n
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 124–126, 139
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 144
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, possible U.S. military operations
against, 365–366
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Governmental advisers, U.S., 343–344
- Strategic importance to U.S., 145–146
- Counterinsurgency operations (see also Civic action program; Crop
destruction program; Defoliant
operations; Delta Pacification Plan; Strategic hamlet program; U.S.
military assistance to Vietnam; U.S. military
involvement in Vietnam):
- Air power used in
- Air support, need for, 794–796
- B-26 units, 688–689
- Binh Hoa operation, 57–58, 69,
80–82, 99–100
- Chinese Nationalist pilots for, 796–797
- Civilians, impact on, 57, 161–162, 648, 698–699
- Farmgate operation, 206–207, 246–247, 493, 689
- Guidelines for, 141–142
- Helicopters, 261, 383–384, 532, 547, 690–691, 694, 739
- Interdiction role, 246–247
-
LeMayʼs assessment of, 344–345
- Restrictions on, 96–97, 234–235
- Target selection, 162–163
-
Thompsonʼs
assessment of, 312–313
- U.S. direct involvement, 141–142, 206–207, 246–247, 262–263, 493, 689, 793–797
- Anti-aircraft operations, 254–255, 264–265, 273,
274, 276, 541
- Battalion-sized operations, 526–527, 688
- Border control, 11–12, 30, 86, 93, 261, 282, 485, 487,
502, 605, 654, 656
- Ca Mau operation, 381, 634
- Campaign Plan, 24, 29, 30
- Clear-and-hold operations (see also
Operation Hai Yen II; Operation Sunrise), 26–27, 54, 205, 418–419, 634,
682
- Communication equipment, capture of, 533–534
- Coordination of U.S. and Vietnamese personnel, 8, 12, 373, 528, 685
- “Cutting the forest” operations (ambushes), 531–533
- Defended villages, 85, 103–104
- Deterioration of anti-Communist effort, 596–598
- Developments (October 1961-October 1962), 679–686
-
Diemʼs position, 23–24, 52–53
- Economic situation in Vietnam and, 270–272
- Explosion Plan, 690, 714–715
- Communist response, 627–628, 633
-
Harkinsʼs
presentation to Diem,
624–633
-
Harrimanʼs
assessment of, 694–695
-
Noltingʼs
assessment of, 739, 788–789
- Planning for, 627, 730–731
- Strategic hamlet program and, 628–629, 630
-
Taylorʼs assessment
of, 661
- Failure of operations, impact on U.S., 301, 687
- Field commands, elimination of, 536
- Frontier posts, 28
- Future developments, 686–687
- Geographical phasing, 20–21
- Goals of, 18
- Governmental organization in Vietnam and, 265–266, 272
- Guerrilla tactics, adoption of, 79–82, 114, 295, 636–637
-
Heavnerʼs
assessment of, 765, 776
- Heavy artillery for, 535
- Helicopters used in, 261, 383–384, 532, 547, 690–691, 694, 739
- High-tension lines, protection of, 535–536
-
Hilsmanʼs
assessment of, 790
- Increase in number of, 169
- Informants, treatment of, 142
- Information programs, 20, 269, 315, 335, 341, 405–407
- Intelligence operations, 78,
385, 476–477, 494, 502
- Leadership training, 534–535
-
McNamaraʼs
assessment of, 383–384
- Maritime operations, 384, 493–494, 547
- Media coverage of field operations, 98, 124–126, 129–132, 139, 156, 158
- Media coverage of U.S. participation, 206–207, 305–306, 316, 323–324
- Napalm used in, 760, 777–778
- Outcome possibilities, 300–301
- Personnel and materiel requirements, 88–90
- Piaster funding for, 431, 437–442, 443–445, 454–455, 460–461, 463–468, 480, 481
- Plan for, 17–21, 291–295, 377–378
- Police force involvement, 156,
160–161
- Political activities, 19
- Popular participation in war effort, 12, 93–94, 266–268
- Progress report (Bureau of Intelligence and Research),
463
- Radar installations, 486
- Research and experimentation program, 404
-
SEATO Plan 7, 172–174
- Spoiling attacks, 683
- Strategic Concept for South Vietnam, 73–90, 113–116
- Successes of, 649–650, 652, 655–656
- Third country involvement, 296, 306–307Time phasing, 20, 313–314
- Truce option, 237–238
-
Trueheartʼs
assessment of, 265–273
- U.S. public interest in, 634–635
- U.S. sense of urgency re, 602–603
- Vietnamese casualties, 146
- Vietnamese responsibility for, 287, 530–531
- Village radios and, 294–295
- Village-level activities, 30,
43, 50–51, 284–285
- War-weariness and, 589
- “Winning or losing” issue, 386, 602
- “X-factor” questions for U.S. military, 506–511
- Zone “D” operation, 1–3, 4,
24–26, 54
-
Couve de Murville, Maurice, 542
-
Crawford, Kenneth, 672–673, 723, 753, 756, 757
- Crop destruction program, 261,
367, 369–370, 404
- Civilians, impact on, 91, 123
- Communists, impact on, 621
-
Cottrellʼs assessment of,
344
-
Forrestalʼs assessment of,
345–346
-
Harrimanʼs opposition to,
163, 505n
, 570,
580, 586n
, 621
-
Johnsonʼs assessment of,
761–762
-
Kennedyʼs approval of, 675n
- Montagnards, impact on, 652–653
-
Murrowʼs attitude toward,
590–591
- Political repercussions, 364, 367, 561,
585–586,
590–591,
607, 608, 674
- Precedent for, 585, 608
- Resettlement and food distribution programs, 122, 123
- State Department position, 606–609
- Strategic goals, 561–562, 608–609, 610
- Strategic hamlet program and, 609
- Superstitions of peasants and, 563
- Target selection, 332, 334, 345–346, 505
[Page 805]
- Test operations, 364–365, 386,
408, 505, 562–564, 584–586, 673–674, 689–690
-
Thompsonʼs assessment of,
314
- Timing of, 621
- U.S. authority over, 281–282, 331–332, 334,
674, 690
- U.S. Embassy position, 91–92, 121–124, 504–505, 612–613, 673–675
- Vietnamese support for, 90–92, 122–123, 331
-
Cutler, Robert, 396n
-
Cuu, Lt., 189, 190, 191, 195, 196, 197, 207
-
Czyzak, John T., 117n
, 274n
, 456n
-
Dang Due Khoi, 13, 413, 724, 743
-
Decker, Gen. George H., 15, 116, 261, 264, 366, 373, 535
- Defense, U.S. Department of (see also
Joint Chiefs of Staff;
McNamara, Robert S.
;
Military Assistance Command, U.S.):
- Amnesty plan for Communist defectors, 94
- Civic action program, 282
- Counterinsurgency operations, piaster funding for, 464
- Defoliant operations, 566–567
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 324–327
- Provincial surveys, 157
-
RVNAF force levels,
recommendations for, 233–234
- Defoliant operations (see also Crop destruction program), 310, 689
- Defense Department recommendation for, 566–567
- Effectiveness of, 732–734
-
Kennedyʼs approval of, 586–587
- Objectives and scope of, 2
- Public relations aspects, 2–3
- Safety of chemicals, 674
- Target selection, 72
- Test operations, 1–3, 4, 53, 71–72, 369, 370n
, 386, 404,
407–409
- U.S. authority over, 727, 733–734
- Zone “D” operation, 1–3, 4, 26
-
Delmore, Brig. Gen. Fred J., 364, 407, 690
- Delta Pacification Plan (see also
Operation Sunrise), 17n
, 205–206, 385, 486, 791
- Command structure, 266, 318–319
- Communist reaction, 108
- Concurrent operations, 328
- Control of population, 104–105, 241
- Country Team concurrence, 209n
- Defensive measures, 240–241
-
Diemʼs decree on, 238–244
- Distribution of duties, 242–243
- Geographical phasing, 102–103, 239–240Goals of, 103, 238–239
- Implementing instructions, 120–121, 313,
319
- Operational plans for, 418, 426, 429
- Plaine des Jones defense line, 429
- Popular support, efforts to obtain, 105, 241
- Provincial surveys and, 209, 235–236, 319–320
- Responsibility for implementation, 108
- Roles of civil and military personnel, 105–107
- Security framework, 103–104,
- Strategic hamlet program, incorporation into, 414–415, 427, 428–430, 434–435
- Task Force on Vietnam agreement on, 109
Thompsonʼs analysis of, 307–308
-
Thompsonʼs proposal for,
102–109
- U.S. Missions’ agreement on, 292
- Vietnamese support for, 120–121, 251–252, 291–292
-
Den, Dr., 94
-
Denson, J. B., 102n
-
Desai, M. J., 613–614
-
Diefenbach, D. A., 634n
-
Diehl, William, 481n
, 655
-
Diem. See
Ngo Dinh
Diem
.
-
Dong, Maj., 702n
-
Donnell-Hickey Report, 248, 249, 250
-
Due Loi, Madame, 693
-
Dulles, John Foster, 534,
710–711
-
Dung, Lt. Col., 532
-
Duong Van Minh, Gen., 9,
25, 259, 536, 598–599 Dutton, Frederick G., 221, 634–635
-
Eggleston, Brig. Gen. Howard, 187, 192
-
Eisenhower, Dwight O., 223–224
-
Elegant, Robert, 34, 281
-
Ellis, William A., 655
- Emergency Medical Program for Vietnam, 417
-
Evans, Allan, 246n
- Explosion Plan. See under
Counterinsurgency operations.
-
Fall, Bernard, 653, 757
- Far East, Bowles’ assessment of U.S. policies in, 299–303
-
Felt, Adm. Harry D. (CINCPAC), 24,
162
- ANZUS, 378
- Civic action program, 202
- Communist defectors, amnesty for, 715
- Communist insurgency, assessment of, 167–170
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Crop destruction program, 90
- Defoliant operations, 72, 733
- Delta Pacification Plan, 328
- Honolulu Conferences:
- January 1962, 40, 54
- February 1962, 155
- March 1962, 260, 261, 262
- July 1962, 546n
, 547, 548, 549, 551, 552, 554
- Laos:
- Communist activities in, 708,
709
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 713
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 14,
109, 111–112
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 378, 419n
- Neutrality for Vietnam, 714
- Operation Sunrise, 214
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Desertions, 715
- Force level increases, 217,
218
- Training for, 549
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Dependent housing, 715
- Information campaign re, 551
- Thailand, 262
-
Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, FY 1963 program, 554–555
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 794
- Vietnam, Republic of, political situation, 168
-
Fippin, William H., 155, 265n
, 470, 551; 553, 656–657
-
Fishel, Wesley R., 45–46, 56, 148–152
-
Fitzgerald, Desmond, 366, 580, 655
- Food-denial operations. See
Crop destruction program.
- Force Populaire, 574, 624, 661, 704–705, 772–773, 775
- Foreign Assistance Act, 1961, 222, 226
- Formosa Resolution, 1955, 224
-
Forrestal, Michael v., 297n
, 299n
, 310, 324n
, 366, 369–370, 399n
, 408, 443n
, 467n
, 580–581, 583–584, 649–650, 651, 667n
, 675n
, 676, 728, 743n
, 793
- Crop destruction program, 345–346
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 463–466
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 430–431
-
Fowler, James, 443n
, 481n
-
Fox, Guy, 148n
, 152–155
-
Fraley, Bert, 257
- France, 41, 230,
301, 352, 449, 486, 588, 658, 742–743, 761
-
Fulbright, J. William, 221, 518
-
Furst, Walter, 443n, 467n
-
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 186n
, 375–376, 613
- International conference on Vietnam, 336
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 297–298, 309, 317,
324n
, 325
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. contacts with, 379, 399
-
Gardiner, Arthur Z., 41–44, 155, 157, 179, 265n
- Geneva Accords (see also International Control Commission):
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 230, 697
-
Gilpatric, Roswell L., 3–4, 15, 69, 176n
, 179, 276, 367, 372, 403, 524n
, 567n
, 727
- Binh Hoa operation, 99–101
- Civic action program, 256
- Crop destruction program, 620–621
-
RVNAF force level increases,
59
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 4–5
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 794–797
-
Grant, James P., 183,
184
- Greece, 338
-
Green, Marshall, 387n
-
Greenfield, James L., 396n
-
Gromyko, Andrei, 615
-
Gundevia, Yezdezard D., 126–127, 415, 613
- Halberstam, David, 745–746, 758
-
Hamilton, Fowler, 41, 282, 372, 403, 441n
, 466, 657
-
Hamlett, Lt. Gen. Barksdale, 552n
-
Hannah, John A., 148
-
Harkins, Gen. Paul
D., 110, 186, 244, 254n
, 339,
344, 469, 473n
, 475n
, 602, 673, 674
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam:
- Civic action program:
- Military used for civil projects, 528–529
- U.S. involvement at village level, 245
- Civil Guard, 525
- Communist insurgency:
- Leadership training, 533
- Underground operations, possible, 624, 627
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 234–235, 528
- Battalion-sized operations, 526–527
- Border control, 261, 282.
- Coordination, lack of, 528
- “Cutting the forest” operations (ambushes), 531, 532–533
- Explosion Plan, 624–633, 690, 730, 739, 789
- Field commands, elimination of, 536
- Heavy artillery for, 535
- Helicopters used in, 547
- High-tension lines, protection of, 536
- Leadership training, 534–535
- Maritime operations, 547
- Napalm used in, 760n
, 778
- Research and experimentation program, 404
- Vietnamese responsibility for, 530–531
- Crop destruction program, 261, 331, 563,
613n
- Defoliant operations, 727, 732
- Delta Pacification Plan, 328
-
Diem, meetings with, 524–539, 622–633
- Honolulu Conferences:
- Laos situation, 511n
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 744, 747
- Expulsions of reporters, 279
- Field operations, 158, 159n
, 160
- U.S. participation in combat, 207
- U.S. policy statement re, 158,
159n
,
160
- Military Assistance Command, U.S.:
- Operation Sunrise, 214, 246, 303
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Military capabilities, improvements in, 622–624
- Relations with, 659
- Training for, 262, 548–549
- Women, military training for, 623–624
- Strategic hamlet program, 527–528, 550
-
Taylor-Nhu meeting, 636
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 524–525, 623
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
- Air Force, increased role for, 795
- Rotation for personnel, 662
- U.S. regional military command, 390,
391, 399, 662
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Morale of people, 628
- Political reforms, 333
-
Harriman, W. Averell, 50n
, 117n
, 129n
, 144, 194n
, 206, 215n
, 220n
, 221, 254n
, 279n
, 287, 305, 311, 364n
, 375, 387, 441n
, 616n
, 703, 738, 754, 760n
, 789
-
Bowles mission to Southeast
Asia, proposed, 565–566
- Cambodia:
- Neutrality for, 615
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 654, 659
- Chen, meeting with, 615
- Civic action program, 119, 137n
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 161–163
- Explosion Plan, 694–695
- Helicopters used in, 694
- Napalm used in, 760n
- Plan for, 291
- Progress report, 463
- Crop destruction program, 561, 620–621, 675n
- Defoliant operations, 3n
, 71n
-
Diem, U.S. support for,
309
- Honolulu Conference (February 1962), 141, 155, 161–163
- International conference on Vietnam, 329n
- International Control Commission:
- Citations of violations, 456n
- U.S. introduction of forces issue, 614
-
Kennedy-Diem communications, 396
- Laos:
- Communist activities in, 542
- Conference on, 511n
, 543, 592
- Troop withdrawals, 615
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 658–659, 663n
, 707, 716, 717–718
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Expulsions of reporters, 725n
, 734, 735
- Field operations, 124n
, 139, 156
-
Newsweek ban, 672n
- U.S. participation in combat, 305
- U.S. policy statement re, 158n
- Vietnamese Government, reporters’ relations with, 653
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 31n
, 35–36n
,
171n
, 175n
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 296, 306–307, 350,
368, 374n
-
Nehru, meeting with, 613–615
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 309–310, 317–318, 325, 367
- Presidential palace attack, 182–183
- Provincial surveys, 157, 209n
,
- Southeast Asia Task Force, 466
- Strategic hamlet program, 694, 728
-
Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 652–655, 657–659
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 793
- U.S. over-optimism re Vietnam, 693–696
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of:
- Meeting with officials of, 543–546
- United States, contacts with, 379, 399
- Yalta Agreements, 711–712
-
Harris, Russell L., 6
-
Heavner, Theodore J. C., 137n
, 140n
, 144n
, 209, 319–320, 396n
, 414n
, 456n
,
497n
, 499n
, 581, 644n
, 647, 651, 672n
, 679n
, 788n
,
789n
-
Heble, John, 703, 704, 705, 706
-
Heeney, A. D. P., 197–198
-
Heho-Lawksawk-Taunggyi Operation (Burma), 79–80
-
Heinz, Rear Adm. Luther C., 157, 282, 194n
, 209n
, 253n
, 274n
, 304n
, 467n
, 554, 655
-
Hendry, James B., 148n
, 152
- Herbicide operations. See
Defoliant operations.
-
Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 676
-
Hickey-Donnell Report, 248, 249, 250
-
Hieu. See
Ngo Trong Hieu.
-
Hilsman, Roger, Jr., 69, 99n
, 102n
, 120n
,
218, 244–245, 366–367
- Assessment of Vietnam situation, 789–792
- Communist insurgency, 73–75, 521–523
- Counterinsurgency operations, 790
- Air power used in, 246–247
- Progress reports, 463
- Systematic plan, 291–295
- Crop destruction program, 367, 561–562, 586n
, 675n
- Operation Sunrise, 245–246
- Strategic Concept for Vietnam, 73–90, 113–116
- Strategic hamlet program, 791–792
- Vietnam, Republic of, political situation, 757
-
Ho Chi Minh, 42, 395, 410, 458n
, 671, 775
-
Hoa, Father, 624, 661
-
Hoai, Col., 775
-
Hoang Khac Thanh, 41, 155
-
Hoang Nguyen, 543
-
Hoang Van Lac, Lt. Col., 238n
, 251, 318–319, 414, 418, 426–427, 428, 429, 434
-
Hohler, Henry A.E, 414,
429
-
Holyoake, K. J., 378
- Hong Kong, 658
- Honolulu Conferences:
- January 1962, 40, 52–54
- February 1962, 141–143, 155,
157–158,
161–163
- March 1962, 260, 261–263
- July 1962, 546–556
- October 1962, 688–691
-
Hooten, 117n
, 186
-
Horgan, Rogers B., 183,
456n
-
Hubbard, Wharton D., 197,
253n
, 456n
-
Hue, Archbishop of. See
Ngo Dinh Thuc.
-
Hughes, Thomas L., 246n
-
Humphrey, Hubert H., 518
-
Hunt, George, 176
-
Huyen, Col., 535
-
Huynh Huu Nghia, 56
- India (see also
International Control Commission), 230, 302, 351
- U.S. regional military command, response to, 392
- Vietnam situation, policy on, 230
- Indonesia, 300, 302, 351, 786
- Information service, Vietnamese, 13–14, 33–34, 289, 424, 489, 635, 685
- International conference on Vietnam, proposed:
- Chinese Peopleʼs Republic position, 388, 543
- Communist bloc support, U.S. response to, 388–389, 611–612
- Parthasarathiʼs position, 376
-
Sihanoukʼs position, 329
- Soviet position, 388, 401
- U.K. position, 401
- U.S. position:
-
Galbraithʼs
attitude toward, 336
-
Noltingʼs attitude
toward, 329–330
- Vietnamese Democratic Republic support, 342–343, 388–389
- International Control Commission (ICC), 436, 589
- Canadian strategy, 254
- Citations of violations, 456–457
- Communist activities, increased monitoring of, 275
- Communist attacks on monitors, 284
- Communist subversion issue:
- Canadian position, 198
- Evidencere, 420, 436
- Indian position, 126–127, 184
- Ruling on, 298, 375, 419
- U.S. position, 118, 184–185
- Hanoi visit, 658
- International law and, 252–253
- Laos troop withdrawals, monitoring of, 615 ,
- Report on Vietnam, 298, 375, 419–420, 480–481, 492
- U.S. introduction of forces issue:
- Canadian position, 198–199
- Indian position, 126–127, 415–416, 613–614
- Ruling on, 298, 375, 419–420
- U.S.-Indian talks re, 183–184
- U.S. position, 117–119, 185–186, 263–264, 274–275, 340, 400–403,, 415–416, 614
- Vietnamese Democratic Republic propaganda against, 420
- International Monetary Fund, 651
-
Jabloski, Gen., 247
-
Jaffe, Adrian, 153n
-
James, Wayne, 304n
-
Janow, Seymour J., 119n
, 143, 551
- Japan, 230, 351,
392, 486
-
Johnson, Lyndon B., 3, 15, 164, 237, 284, 330, 364n
, 601, 677
-
Johnson, Robert H., 557, 616, 763n
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 368–369
-
RVNAF command structure, 22–23
- Strategic hamlet program, 644–648
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 21–22, 132–133
- Vietnam, Republic of, situation in central areas, 703–706
-
Johnson, U. Alexis, 46n
, 48n
, 70n
, 160n
, 255n
, 258n
, 274n
, 276n
, 305n
, 372, 396n
, 403, 688
- Civic action program, 119, 137, 200n
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 57–58
- Anti-aircraft operations, 264–265
- Village-level activities, 50–51
- Crop destruction program, 580, 586n
, 610, 761–762
- Defoliant operations, 71n
, 727
-
Diem, assessment of, 762
-
Diemʼs replacement,
consideration of, 459–460
-
Hilsman-JCS meeting, 113, 115–116
- Honolulu Conference (july 1962), 549
- International Control Commission, 263–264
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 129, 139, 156,
158n
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 128n
, 171n
, 175n
-
RVNAF force level increases,
59, 233
-
Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 652
- Vietnam visit, 760–762
- Joint Action Program, 490–492
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 3–4, 167
- Counterinsurgency operations, napalm used in, 760n
- Crop destruction program, 562–564, 610
- Defoliant operations, 566, 733
- Delta Pacification Plan, 328
-
Diemʼs replacement,
consideration of, 459–460
-
Hilsmanʼs meeting with,
113–116
- International Control Commission, 264
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 47n
-
RVNAF force level increases,
39–40,
216–219
- Southeast Asia, strategic importance of, 40
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 794, 796
- Air Force, increased role for, 794, 796
-
Jorden, William J., 581
- Jorden Report, 6
-
Karnow, Stanley, 176
-
Kaysen, Carl, 481n
, 651,
676
-
Kennedy, John E, 16, 113n
, 148n
, 244n
,
299, 637, 649, 750n
, 763n
, 793
- Cambodian-Vietnamese relations, 669
- Civic action program, 55, 137n
, 283
- Communist defectors, amnesty for, 670
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Anti-aircraft operations, 276
- Binh Hoa operation, 99n
- Piaster funding for, 463, 481
- Police force involvement, 156
- Third country involvement, 296, 307
- “Winning or losing” issue, 179
- Crop destruction program, 367
- Approval of, 675n
- State Department position, 606
- Target selection, 669–670
- Test operations, 584
- Defoliant operations, 310, 727, 732,
734n
-
Diem:
- Emergency Medical Program for Vietnam, 417
- Far East, U.S. policies in, 299
- International conference on Vietnam, 329n
, 611
- International Control Commission, 264
- Laos, 511–513, 668–669, 671,
696–697,
717–718
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 156
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 14–16, 31n
, 35–36n
,
38, 129
-
Nolting, meeting with,
31
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 297n
, 309–310, 317, 367,
370n
- Southeast Asia, U.S. political objectives in, 448, 511–513
- Special Group (Counterinsurgency), 48–50
-
Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 667–672
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 224, 225
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. contacts with, 399
-
Kennedy, Robert E, 230n
, 247, 372, 404, 651
-
Kent, Col. J. R., 4n
, 325n
, 569
-
Diem, assessment of, 60–65, 66
-
Kessner, Joe, 176
-
Khanh. See
Nguyen Khanh Brig. Gen.
Khien, Col.
, 527
-
Khrushchev, Nikita S, 512, 712, 775
-
“Kien Hoa“ papers, 27–28, 29
-
Knox, Newton B., 155
-
Koh Rokar incident, 678
- Korea, Republic of, 351, 397
- Korean war, 223, 449
-
Koren, Henry L. T., 41, 451, 466, 655
-
Krulak, Maj. Gen. Victor H., 276–279, 372, 564–565, 567n
, 728
- Lac. See
Hoang Van Lac, Lt. Col.
, 238n
, 251, 318–319, 414, 418, 426–427, 428, 429, 434
-
Lalouette, Roger, 588
-
Langen, Odin, 634
-
Lansdale, Brig. Gen. Edward G.,
60n
, 616n
- Laos, 174
- Communist activities in, 211, 542, 708–710
- Communist infiltration to Vietnam through, 338, 521–523
- Communist reactions to U.S. courses of action, 445–446
- Conference on, 497–498, 511–513, 514–515, 542–543, 592–593
- French policy toward, 742–743
-
Mansfieldʼs assessment of,
783–784
- Military situation, 384
- Neutrality issue, U.S.-Vietnamese discussions re, 458, 629,
710–712,
754
- Soviet policy toward, 512, 542, 592–593, 664
- Troop withdrawals, 615
- U.K. policy toward, 664
- U.S. combat forces for, 432–433
- U.S. policy toward, 302, 394, 497–498, 511–513, 593
- U.S. regional military command, response to, 391–392
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 514, 658–659, 663–664, 668–669, 671,
677–679,
696–697,
707, 713–714, 716–718, 719–720
-
Le Than, 191
-
Le Van Kim, Gen., 599
-
Le Van Ty, Gen., 94, 235, 289, 497, 525, 745
- Lebanon, U.S. deployment of forces (1958), 223–224
-
LeMay, Gen. Curtis, 142,
263–264, 343, 344–345
-
Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman, 4, 7n, 16, 48n
, 50n
, 53, 179, 372, 379n
, 466,
524n
- Crop destruction program, 562–564, 610,
620n
-
Hilsman-JCS meeting, 113, 115,
116
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 14–16, 109–110
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 324n
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:Command structure, 51
- Force levelincreases, 39–40
- Thailand, 262
-
Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 677
- Vietnam visit, 404
-
Levitt, Scott, 178
-
Levy, Col. Robert M., 7–10
- Life magazine, 131, 176–180
-
Little, Edward. S., 364n
, 399n
, 481n
-
Loftus, Becker, 374n
- Long An hamlet, 363
-
Luong. See
Bui Van Luong
.
-
Luong Son hamlet, 382
-
Macapagal, Diosadado, 516, 592
-
McConaughy, Walter P., 182, 459n
-
McCone, John A., 372, 404, 466
- MacDonald, Malcolm, 537
-
McGarr, Lt. Gen. Lionel
C., 11, 14, 19n
, 58, 81, 116, 179
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Airpower used in, 96
- Clear-and-hold operations, 26–27
-
Diemʼs position,
52
- Zone “D” operation, 1, 24–26
- Crop destruction program, 90–92
- Defoliant operations, 72
-
Diem, meeting with, 23–30
- Honolulu Conference (January 1962), 40,
52
-
Johnson, Lyndon B., letter to, 164–166
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 111, 165
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 54
-
RVNAF training, 28–29, 165–167
- Strategic hamlet program, 165
-
McNamara, Robert S.,
7, 15, 176, 441n
, 466, 515, 524n
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 69n
, 162, 262–263, 689
- Binh Hoa operation, 99n
-
Diemʼs position,
52–53
- Explosion Plan, 627, 730
- Helicopters used in, 261, 547
- Piaster funding for, 464
- U.S. sense of urgency re, 602–603
- Visit to front, 383–384
- “Winning or losing” issue, 179
- “X-factor” questions for U.S. military, 506
- Crop destruction program, 261, 562, 675n
- Defoliant operations:
- Defense Department recommendation for, 566–567
- Effectiveness of, 732–733
- Increase in, 733–734
-
Kennedyʼs approval
of, 586
- Test operations, 1–3, 53,
71–72, 409
- U.S. authority over, 727, 733–734
- Honolulu Conferences:
- January 1962, 40, 52–54
- February 1962; 155, 162
- March 1962, 260, 261–263
- July 1962, 546n
, 547, 548–549, 551, 552, 553, 554, 556
- October 1962, 689–691
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 54, 158n
- Military Assistance Command, U.S.:
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 54
- Montagnards, military training for, 564
- Operation Sunrise, 380–381
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 297n
, 309,
324–325
- Prisoners of war, 567
- Provincial surveys, 53–54
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Command structure, 51
- Force level increases, 39
- Training for, 53, 548–549
- Self Defense Corps, arms for, 53, 262
- Southeast Asia, strategic importance of, 40
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Assessment of, 380–383
- Communist attacks, ability to withstand, 736
- Funding for, 551
- Information campaign re, 551
- Paramilitary forces, 549, 551, 564
- Priority constructions, 551
- Thailand, 262
-
Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 677
- U.S.economic assistance to Vietnam, 556
- U.S.military assistance, FY 1963 program, 554–555
- U.S.military involvement in Vietnam, contingency
plan for, 283
- Vietnam, Republic of, economic situation, 553
- Vietnam visit, 379–387
-
Maechling, Charles, 55n
, 160n
-
Magathan, Wallace C., Jr., 119n
, 209n
- Malaya, 230, 313,
315, 351, 392, 486, 495, 728, 786
- Malaysian Federation, 592, 786–787
-
Malraux, Andre, 410
-
Manell, Abram E., 323n
, 396n
-
Manfull, Melvin R, 70n
, 582n
, 698n
, 738n
- Manning, Robert, 129n
,
139, 158n
, 412
-
Mansfield, Mike, 448, 457–459, 518, 594, 676
-
Mao Tse Tung, 709
-
Marcy, Carl, 676
-
Marshall, Gen. George C., 535
-
Martin, Edwin w., 52–54, 161–163, 332–333, 365, 707
-
Martin, Harold H., 758
-
Mau. See
Vu Van
Mau
.
-
Maung Maung Gyi, 544
-
Mayer, Charles, 743
-
Mecklin, John, 370–372, 405–407, 409–414, 425, 691, 721n
, 722–725, 743–749
- Media coverage of Vietnam (see also U.S.
information policies and programs in Vietnam):
- Caliber of U.S. reporters, 752–753
- Classified information, access to, 33,
54, 747
-
Diem, criticism of, 44, 54, 412–414, 721–722, 724
- Expulsion of reporters, 279–281, 665,
721–722,
723–725,
744
- U.S. response, 725–726, 734–736, 746
- Field operations, U.S. policy re coverage of, 98, 124–126, 129–132, 139,
156, 158
- “naccuraciesl” in, 194–195
- Indoctrination briefing for reporters, 758–759
-
Lansdaleʼs interview, 176–180
- Military press briefings, 723, 743–744, 747, 749
-
Newsweek ban, 34, 672–673, 723, 735
-
Nhuʼs control of government
policy, 744–745
- Non-American correspondents, U.S. policy toward, 6–7, 35
- Positive publicity, U.S. efforts re, 124–126, 131, 159–160, 650,
661–662,
757–759
- Presidential palace attack:
- Coverage of, 196
- Responsibility for, 252
- Restrictions on reporters, 723, 745–749
- U.S. liaison with media, 139
- U.S. Mission, media relations with, 34–35, 656
- U.S. participation in combat, 206–207, 305–306, 316,
323–324
- U.S. policy statement re, 158–160
- Vietnamese Government, reporters’relations with, 425, 653,
665, 755
- Washington news leaks, 33, 54
-
Meloy, Francis E., 750, 797
-
Mendenhall, Joseph A., 17n
, 45–46, 56,
265n
, 318, 353n
, 473–478, 596–601
-
Menon, V. K. Krishna, 615
-
Meyer, Carl, 676
- Michigan State University Group in Vietnam, 148–149, 152–155
- Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG)
(see also
McGarr, Lt. Gen. Lionel
C.
), 68, 164–166, 363
- Civic action program, 258–259
- Delta Pacification Plan, 120
- “Paper-mill” charge against, 179–180
- Personnel increase, 487, 604
- Self Defense Corps and, 604
- Military Assistance Command, U.S. (MACV) (see also
Harkins, Gen. Paul
D.
; U.S. military assistance to
Vietnam), 351, 494, 740
- Communist insurgency:
- Food and medical shortages, 612–613
- Infiltration routes, 522
-
Diem informed of, 59–60, 65–66, 95
- Establishment of, decision re, 4, 8, 9, 14–16
-
Harkins named commander,
4, 15, 179
-
Harkinsʼ arrival in
Saigon, 110
-
McGarrʼs attitude
toward, 165
- Media coverage of Vietnam and, 745–746, 747, 749
- Mission and tasks, 112, 145
- Press announcement re, 95
- Terms of reference, 15–16, 31n
, 35–36, 37, 38, 46–48, 58, 70, 109, 111, 128–129, 171, 175–176
- Military Assistance Command (Thailand), U.S., 390–393, 399, 622
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country (see
also U.S. military assistance to Vietnam):
- Australia, 54, 351, 378, 419, 436,
479, 486, 588n
,
605
- Korea, 54, 373–375, 419, 486
- New Zealand, 378
- United Kingdom, 605
- U.S. policy, 296, 306–307, 350–352, 368–369
- Military command, U.S. See
Military Assistance Command, U.S.
- Military operations, Communist. See
Communist insurgency.
- Military operations, U.S.-Vietnamese. See
Counterinsurgency operations.
-
Moffatt, Hugh, 176
-
Monroe, Bill, 734n
- Montagnards, 11, 12,
22, 88, 138, 404
- Crop destruction program and, 610,
652–653,
673–674
- Flight from highlands, 419, 435, 478,
686
- Military training for, 564–565, 618,
643, 661, 771–772
- Resettlement of, 469, 480, 534,
582–583,
618, 705, 761
- Strategic importance to Vietnam, 314,
780
- Vietnamese attitudes toward, 314, 656
-
Montgomery, James, M., 572
-
Moore, Daniel E., 655, 664, 743n
-
Morse, Wayne, 144, 221–232
-
Mundt, Carl, 676
-
Murphy, Charlie, 176
-
Murrow, Edward R., 34, 129n
, 139n
, 466, 590–591, 650, 656, 743n
- National Academy for Strategic Hamlets, 381
- National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 724, 734
- National Security Action Memoranda (NSAM):
-
111 (Nov. 22, 1961), 7
-
124 (Jan. 18, 1962), 48–50 131, 221
-
132 (Feb. 19, 1962), 156
-
178 (Aug. 9, 1962), 586–587
- Navy, Vietnamese, 107, 312
-
Nehru, Braj Kumar, 183–184, 613–615
- Neilson, N. Paul, 6–7,
33–35
- Neubert, Joseph w., 390n
- Neustadt, Richard, 449
- Neutrality for Vietnam, 474–475, 497–498, 629, 710–712, 714
-
The New York Times, 130, 143, 305, 420, 676, 735
- New Yorker magazine, 642
- New Zealand, 230, 351, 378, 486
-
Newhouse, John, 676
-
Newsweek magazine, 34,
252, 279, 281, 602, 672–673, 676, 723, 735, 757
-
Ngo Dinh Can, 268, 702, 704, 705, 728, 765, 772
-
Ngo Dinh Diem:
- Agricultural situation, 643
- Alternatives, U.S. consideration of, 64, 232, 459–460, 598–600
- Anti-Communist convictions, 41–42
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 530–531, 630–632
- Cambodia, neutrality for, 761 ]
- Casualties, reaction to, 776
- Central Vietnam situation, 705
- Civic action program, 204, 528–529
- Civil Guard:
- Training for, 525
- Vietnamese complaints re U.S. support, 253
- Commercial development, 43–44
- Communist insurgency:
- General plan of conquest, 642
- Morale problems, 741
- Saigon activities, 629–630
- “Secret papers” of, 27–28, 29
- Training for leaders, 533
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, link to, 285–287
- Counterinsurgency operations, 23–24
- Air power used in, 234–235
- Battalion-sized operations, 526–527
- Border control, 30, 261
- Clear-and-hold operations, 26–27
- “Cutting the forest” operations (ambushes), 531–533
- Explosion Plan, 624–633, 789
- Failure of military effort, responsibility for, 597–598
- Field commands, elimination of, 536
- Frontier posts, 28
- Heavy artillery for, 535
- Helicopters used in, 532
- High-tension lines, protection of, 535–536
- Leadership training, 534–535
- Organizational and administrative problems, 377
- Vietnamese responsibility for, 530–531
- Village-level activities, 30,
43
- Zone “D” operation, 25, 26
- Coup against, possible, 9, 77, 354–355
- Crop destruction program, 91, 261, 331–332
- Delta Pacification Plan, 205, 319
- “Evil influences” on, 150–151, 152
- Fishelʼs assessment of, 46
- Government officials, assessment of, 536–539
-
Harkins, meetings with,
524–539,
622–633
-
Johnsonʼs assessment of,
762
-
Kennedy, communications
with, 285–287, 396–398, 511–513, 514–515, 718–719, 731–732
-
Lansdaleʼs assessments of,
66–67,
176–178
- Laos:
-
McGarr, meeting with,
23–30
-
Mansfieldʼs assessment of,
781, 797
-
Mecklin, meeting with, 409–414
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Michigan State University Group, 148–149, 153–154
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., informed of, 58–60, 65–66, 95
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 419n
- Montagnards:
- Military training for, 643
- Resettlement of, 534
- Morale of the people, 628
- National Assembly speech, 695n
- Neutrality for Vietnam, 629
- Northerners and Catholics, favoritism toward, 702
- Operation Sunrise, 246
-
Pathasarathiʼs assessment
of, 376
- People,contacts with, 13, 269, 410–411
- Political corruption, campaign against, 228
- Political prisoners, 94
- Political reforms, 62–64, 315, 333–334
- Political support, loss of, 45, 150–151, 152, 468–469
- Presidential palace attack, 182, 187–192, 193, 197
- Provincial surveys, 138
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Command structure, 22–23
- Force level increases, 23–24, 75
- Relations with, 9, 62
- Training for, 24, 28, 29
- Women, military training for, 623–624
- Road program, 42–43
-
Stahrʼs assessment of,
337–338
- Strategic hamlet program, 205, 546
- Communist insurgency, impact on, 642–643
- Delta Pacification Plan incorporated into, 428
- Priority constructions, 527–528
- Relocations for, 192
-
Taylor, meeting with, 642–643
-
Thompsonʼs assessment of,
310–311
-
Thuanʼs resignation, rumors
about, 692
- U.S. assessment of, 60–65, 66–67
- U.S. influence with, methods to improve, 64–65, 66–67
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 44, 430–431
- U.S. military representative for, 64–65
- U.S. regional military command, response to, 392, 399
- U.S. support for, 146–147, 309,
354–355
- U.S.-Vietnamese relations, 414
- Yuenʼs assessment of, 474
- Ngo Dinh Luyen, 600
-
Ngo Dinh Nhu, 245, 414, 598
- Americans, attitude toward, 744
- Cambodia, perspective on, 712, 713, 752
- Cambodian policy toward U.S., 756
- Central Vietnam situation, 704, 705
- Communist defectors, 710, 715
- Coup against Diem, possible
response to, 477–478
- Crop destruction program, 608
- Explosion Plan, 714–715
-
Fishelʼs assessment of, 150
- Land reform, 752
- Laos:
-
Mansfield, meeting with,
750–757
-
Mansfieldʼs assessment of,
781
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Caliber of U.S. reporters, 752–753
- Control of government policy re, 744–745
- Expulsion of reporters, 724,
725, 744
- Military press briefings, 743
- Vietnamese Government, reporters’ relations with, 755
- Michigan State University Group, 148,
149
- Neutrality for Vietnam, 710–712, 714
- Province rehabilitation program, 762
-
RVNAF desertions, 715
- Southeast Asia, social revolutions needed in, 712–713
- Strategic hamlet program, 571, 598, 682
- Arms for villagers, 739
- Assessment of, 470–472
- Construction program, acceleration of, 245, 261, 268, 311–312
- Delta Pacification Plan incorporated into, 415, 427, 434
- Democratic values and, 638–640
- Dependent housing, 715–716
- Guerrilla operations against Communists and, 636–637, 638
- Long-term plan for, 639–640, 750–752
- Priority constructions, 427,
637–638
- Strategy against Communism, 640
- “Will to fight” developed by, 754
-
Taylor, meeting with, 636–641
-
Thuanʼs resignation, rumors
about, 692
- U.S. military personnel in Vietnam, 641
- U.S. visit, proposed, 462–463
-
Ngo Dinh Nhu, Madame, 150–151, 182, 188, 215–216, 220, 252–253, 413, 724, 725, 744, 745
- Ngo Dinh Thuc (Archbishop of Hue), 188, 600
- Ngo Trong Hieu, 140, 260, 406, 424, 425, 692–693, 723
-
Nguyen Dinh Thuan,
23n
, 25, 101, 255, 339, 409, 412, 497, 525, 532, 536, 600, 650
- Cambodian-Vietnamese relations, 654,
659, 669, 741–742, 743
- Catholicism, conversion to, 46, 56
- Central Vietnam situation, 705
- Civic action program, 258
- Civil Guard, Vietnamese complaints re
- U.S. support, 220, 252–253
- Communist defectors, amnesty for, 289,
670
- Communist insurgency:
- Escalation off possible, 583
- Morale problems, 741
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 234
- Anti-aircraft operations, 255
- Coordination of U.S. and Vietnamese personnel, 12
- Successes of, 652
- Crop destruction program, 90, 122, 613n
, 652–653, 669–670
- Delta Pacification Plan, 120, 121n
, 251, 318,
319
- Laos:
- Long-term perspective on Vietnam, 588–589
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Expulsion of reporters, 279,
280
- Vietnamese Government, reporters’ relations with, 653, 665
- Military press briefings, 743
- Michigan State University Group, 148,
149, 153
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 58–60, 65–66
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 350
- Montagnards, resettlement of, 582–583
- Personality of, 151
- Political reforms, 315
- Provincial surveys, 235–236
- Resignation, rumors about, 692–693
- Reunification of Vietnam, 588–589
-
RVNAF command structure, 11
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Delta Pacification Plan incorporated into, 414, 428–430
- Socioeconomic programs, 740
- Television for Vietnam, 665–666
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 657–658, 671
- U.S. visit, 651
-
Kennedy, meeting
with, 667–672
-
Rostow, meeting with, 675–676
-
Rusk and Harriman, meetings with,
652–655, 657–659
- Summaries off 666-667, 675–677
-
Wilson, meeting
with, 664–666
-
Nguyen Khanh, Brig.
Gen., 10, 30, 186, 189, 235, 436, 527, 533–534, 743, 748
-
Nguyen Luong, 692
-
Nguyen Ngoc Tho, 269, 459, 460, 474, 475–478, 598, 750
-
Nguyen Thai, 151
-
Nguyen Thi Truyen, 196
-
Nguyen Thien Ke, 354
-
Nguyen Van Luong, 692
-
Nguyen Van Vinh, Maj. Gen., 286, 342
-
Nhu. See
Ngo Dinh Nhu
.
-
Nitze, Paul H., 264, 265, 567
-
Nolting, Frederick E., Jr., 11–13, 17n
, 23n
, 50n
, 92–94, 116, 215n
, 220n
, 254n
, 305, 339, 409, 435–437, 461, 468–469, 473n
, 475n
, 482, 580, 616, 648, 675, 693, 763n
- Action Plan for Vietnam, 499
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 186–187, 701
- Cambodian policy toward U.S., 756
- Cambodian-Vietnamese relations, 678,
741–742,
743
- Civic action program, 68, 202
- Provincial rehabilitation activities, 322–323
- U.S. involvement at village level, 245
- Civil Guard, Vietnamese complaints re U.S. support, 252–253
- “Colonization” charge against U.S., 701–702
- Communist defectors, amnesty for, 715
- Communist insurgency:
- Escalation of, 583
- Food and medical shortages, 612–613
- Morale problems, 741
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 162, 234n
, 263, 698–699
- Explosion Plan, 739, 788–789
- Helicopters used in, 739
- Napalm used in, 777–778
- Piaster funding for, 437–442, 454–455, 480
- Crop destruction program, 563, 621
- Defoliant operations, 2
- Delta Pacification Plan, 121n
- Command structure, 318–319
- Operational plans for, 426
- Provincial surveys and, 319–320
- Vietnamese support for, 251–252
-
Heavnerʼs report, 353
- Honolulu Conferences:
- January 1962, 40, 54
- February 1962, 155, 157, 162
- March 1962, 260, 261–263
- July 1962, 547–548, 550, 552–553, 554–555, 556
- October 1962, 688
- International conference on Vietnam, 329–330, 401
- International Control Commission, 117n
- Laos:
- Communist activities in, 708,
709
- Conference on, 497n
, 511n
, 514–515
- French policy toward, 743
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 664n
, 677–679, 696–697, 707, 713, 716–717, 719–720
- Long-term perspective on Vietnam, 588–589
-
Mansfieldʼs visit, 750, 753
- Media coverage of Vietnam (see also U.S. information programs and
policies in Vietnam
below, 743, 753
- Expulsion of reporters, 279–281, 721–722, 724, 725–726, 734
- Field operations, 98, 124, 125–126, 132, 158
-
Newsweek ban, 673n
- Non-American correspondents, U.S. policy toward, 6–7
- Positive publicity, U.S. efforts ref 757
- U.S. participation in combat, 206–207, 305, 316
- U.S. policy statement re, 160
- Vietnamese government, reporters’ relations with, 755
- Michigan State University Group, 154
- Military Assistance Command, U.S.:
-
Diem informed of,
58–60, 65–66, 95
- Press announcement re, 95
- Terms of reference, 31n, 35–36,
37, 38, 46–48, 58,
70, 109, 111, 128–129, 171, 175–176
- Montagnards, resettlement of, 582–583
- Neutrality for Vietnam, 710–712, 714
- Operation Sunrise, 246
- Presidential palace attack, 181–182, 187,
189, 190, 192, 193, 195–197
- Provincial surveys, 157
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Command structure, 11, 12
- Relations with, 659
- Resignation, offer of 48, 70
- Senate testimony, 32
- Southeast Asia, need for social revolutions, 712–713
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Delta Pacification Plan incorporated into, 427, 434–435
- Elections, 699–700
- Guerrilla operations against Communists and, 637, 638
-
Nhuʼs program of
accelerated construction, 261
- Paramilitary forces, 699, 738–739
- Poorest inhabitants, unpaid work by, 648, 700
- Priority constructions, 539–540, 550
- Relocations for, 700–701
- Retaken villages and, 739–740
- Socio-economic programs, 740
- Strategy against Communism, 640
-
Taylor-Diem meeting, 642–643
-
Taylor-Nhu meeting, 636, 637, 638, 640
-
Thuanʼs resignation, rumors
about, 692–693
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 555, 576–579
- U.S. information programs and policies , in Vietnam (see also Media coverage
of Vietnam
above), 33–35
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 554
- U.S. over-optimism in Vietnam, 738,
740–741
- U.S. regional military command, 399
- U.S. visit (January 1962), 7n
, 31, 32, 33
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Economic situation, 437–442, 454–455, 552–553
- Government officials, training for, 553
- Land reforms, 701
- Northerners and Catholics, favoritism toward, 702
- Political reforms, 143, 333
- Political situation, 700
-
OʼDaniel, Gen. John w., 67
-
OʼDonnell; Adm. Edward J., 53
- Operation Binh Minh. See
Operation Sunrise.
- Operation Hai Yen II, 418–419, 435, 479, 562, 584–585, 682
- Operation Sunrise, 251, 259, 682
- Media reports on, 305–306
- Name for, 316
- Phases of, 292
- Plan for, 212–214
- Progress reports, 418, 435
- Resettlement problems, 369
- Southeast Asia Task Forceʼs assessment of, 479
- Successes of, 380–381
-
Thompsonʼs assessment of,
312
- U.S. concerns about, 245–246, 303–304
-
Owen, Henry D., 703n
- Pakistan, 302, 351
- Parrott, Raymond C., 403–405
-
Parthasarathi, G., 126, 127, 375–376, 379
- Peace Corps, U.S., 414
-
Pell, Claiborne, 750,
752
- Personalism philosophy, 151
-
Peters, Richard B., 55n
-
Peterson, Avery E, 55n
, 460n
, 467n
, 481n
-
Pezzullo,Lawrence, 274n
, 276n
- Phan Phu Quoc, Lt., 190, 191–192, 195–196, 252
- Phan Van Tao, 424, 425n
, 724
- Philippines, 302, 351, 397, 486, 517, 786
-
Phillips, Rufus, 470–472, 553, 616, 695, 740
-
Phoumi Nosavan, Gen., 391, 392, 708, 742
-
Plakies, John, 143
- Political settlement in Vietnam (see
also International conference on Vietnam), 370n
- Defense Department position, 324–327
-
Galbraithʼs proposal, 297–298
-
Kennedyʼs decision against,
367
- U.S. consideration of, 309–310, 317–318
- Presidential palace, attack on, 659
- Aftermath, 196–197
- Casualties, 195
- Communist reaction, 197
-
Diemʼs account, 187–192
- Goals of, 181
- Initial report on, 181
- Military response, 181–182
- Officers’ explanations for, 188–189
- Precipitating events, 189–192, 195–196, 252
- U.S. Contingency Plan and, 182–183
- Prisoners of war, 313
- Provincial surveys, 11, 93, 143, 168, 283, 288, 495
- Broadened scope of, 208–209
- Civic action program and, 209
- Defense Department criticisms, 157
- Delta Pacification Plan and, 209, 235–236, 319–320
- Political data, failure to collect, 53–54, 120, 138
- Public Health Service, U.S., 417
-
Pushkin, Georgi M., 614
-
Quan, Capt, 356
-
Quoc, Lt. See
Phan Phu Quoc, Lt.
-
Ramsey, Henry C., 703n
- Ranger companies, 11–12, 30, 86, 93, 288, 363, 496, 532–533
- Delta Pacification Plan, 107, 242
- Force level increases, proposed, 89
-
Thompsonʼs assessment of,
314
-
Raymond, Jack, 130
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF)
(see also
Air Force, Vietnamese; Army of
the Republic of Vietnam; Civil Guard;
Navy, Vietnamese; Ranger
companies; Self Defense Corps):
- Casualties, 776–777
- Catholicism issue, 45–46, 56
- Civilian Irregular Defense Groups, 549, 551, 661, 689, 775–776
- Command structure, 11, 92, 288, 501, 776–777
- Communications system, 622–623
- Coordination within, 93
- Crop destruction program, 505
- Delta Pacification Plan, 107
- Desertions, 284, 386, 715
- Developments (October 1961-October 1962), 683–684
-
Diemʼs relations with, 62
- Force level increases, 75
- Defense Department position, 233–234
-
Diemʼs position,
23–24, 75
- JCS position, 39–40, 216–219
- Progress in implementing, 490,
604–605
-
200,000 level, U.S. agreement to,
59
- Force Populaire, 574, 624, 661,
704–705,
772–773,
775
-
Harkinsʼ relations with,
659
- Increase in operations, 385
- Intelligence program. See
Central Intelligence Organization.
- Military capabilities, improvements in, 622–624
- Officer training, 658
- Paramilitary forces, proliferation of, 661
- Performance of, 211–212, 468
- Province chiefs, 63
- Training for, 24, 28–29, 53, 114–115, 165–167, 548–549
- Special Forces for, 487, 502
- Women, military training for, 623–624
- Republican Youth Program, 661
-
Reston, James, 130
-
Rettie, E. R., 197, 253–254, 275
- Reunification of Vietnam, 575,
588–589
-
Rice, Edward E., 55n
, 117n
, 197–199, 221n
, 274n
, 276n
, 323n
, 364n
, 374n
, 396n
, 561, 566, 570, 596, 606n
, 616n
648, 698, 703, 706, 707n
- Rice crop, 271, 421, 571–572, 650, 769–770
- Richardson, John, 473n
,
475n
, 582
-
Richardson, Lt. Gen., 390
-
Riley, Vice Adm. Herbert D., 264, 364n
, 547
-
Robinson, James, 721–722, 724–725, 726
-
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 410–411, 544
-
Rostow, Walt W., 21, 50n
, 299n
, 473n
, 557, 566n
, 571, 581n
, 616–618, 763n
,
770
- Laos situation, 432–433
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third counny, 296, 306,
350, 368
- Montagnards, 618
- Strategic hamlet program, 617, 644
-
Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 675–676
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 132
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, proposed U.S. military operations
against, 393–395
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Central Vietnam, situation in, 703
- Government officials, training for, 617
-
Rowan, Carl T., 124, 129–132, 139, 156, 158n
-
Rowen, Harry S., 610
-
Rowny, Maj. Gen. Edward L., 691, 694
- Rubber production, 271
-
Rusk, Dean:
- ANZUS, 378
-
Bowles mission to Southeast
Asia,proposed, 516, 517n
, 565, 591
- Cambodian-Vietnamese relations, 654
- Civic action program:
- Civilian program, 140
- Definition and purpose of, 55
- Military used for civil projects, 141
- Time phasing plan, 304–305
- Communist infiltration routes, 521
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Crop destruction program:
- Montagnards, impact on, 652–653
- State Department position, 606–609
- Test operations, 364–365
- Defoliant operations, 3n
, 71n
, 586
- Geneva Accords, U.S. policy on, 194
- International conference on Vietnam, 543, 611
- International Control Commission:
-
Kennedy-Diem communications, 396, 511–513
- Laos:
- Communist activities in, 542
- U.S. combat forces for, 432
- U.S. policy toward, 497–498, 511–513
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 707
-
Mau, meeting with, 541–543
- Media coverage of Vietnam (see also U.S.
information policies and programs in Vietnam below), 139n
- “Inaccuracies” in, 194–195
- U.S. participation in combat, 305–306, 323–324
- U.S. policy statement re, 158–160
- Vietnamese government, reporters’ relations with, 653
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 46n
, 59n
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 378, 588n
-
Nehru-Harriman meeting, 613–615
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 327
- Provincial surveys, 209–210
- Southeast Asia Task Force, 466
- Special Group (Counterinsurgency), 48n
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Delta Pacification Plan incorporated into, 414–415
- Priority constructions, 520
-
Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 652–655, 666–667
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 443–445, 460–461
- U.S. information programsand policies in Vietnam (see also Media coverage
of Vietnam
above), 158–160
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of:
- U.S. contacts with, 399
- U.S. military operations against, proposed, 393
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Political situation, 757
- Strategic importance to U.S., 167
- Saigon:
- Communist activities in, 629–630
- Sister city in U.S., 504
- Trade fair, 490
-
Salans, Carl H, 253n
-
Salinger, Pierre, 139n
, 158n
, 206n
-
Sarris, Louis G., 221n
- Saturday Evening Post, 757–758
-
Saund, D.S., 296
-
Scott, Joseph W., 246n
-
Seelye, Talcott W., 152,
153, 154–155
- Self Defense Corps, 28, 29
- Arms for, 53, 262, 385, 423
- Civic action training, 774
- Crimes and misbehavior, 649, 701
- Defended villages, 85
- Delta Pacification Plan, 104, 105–106, 240, 242
- Force level increases, 75, 490, 684
- Defense Department position, 233–234
-
Hilsmanʼs position,
88–89, 294
- JCS position, 216–219
-
Taylor Report
recommendations, 76
-
MAAG support, 487
- Military effectiveness, 169, 170, 244n
, 295
- Pay and benefits, 356–357
- Reduction in, pOssible, 772, 773
- Relief duties, 385
- Strategic hamlet program, 84, 355–358, 382
-
Thompsonʼs assessment of,
312
- Training for, 76, 262, 494, 502, 547,
548–549,
623
- U.S. support and advice, 604, 773–774
-
Shaw, Dr., 408
-
Sheehan, Neil, 745
-
Shoup, Gen. David M., 15, 344–345
-
Sihanouk, Prince Norodom, 197, 329, 516, 542, 608, 615, 654, 659, 669, 713, 742, 756, 761, 784
-
Silver, Warren A., 134–136, 141n
, 144n
, 467n
-
Simpson, Howie, 412
-
Smith, Bromley, 71n
, 283n
, 331n
-
Smith, Gordon, 468–469, 482
-
Smith, Margaret Chase, 750, 756
-
Smith, Walter Bedell, 225, 322
-
Sochurek, Howard, 80–81, 98, 130, 131, 178
-
Sorensen, Thomas C., 590n
-
Souphanovong, Prince, 615, 784
- Southeast Asia:
- Attitudes toward U.S., 593
- Buffer area approach, 594–595
- Chinese Peopleʼs Republic policy toward, 388
- Communist plan of conquest, 458
-
Mansfieldʼs report on, 783–787
-
Nhuʼs perspective on, 712–713
- Strategic importance, 40
- U.S. political objectives, 302–303, 448–451, 511–513, 593–595, 783,
787
- U.S. regional military command, 390–393, 399, 662
- Southeast Asia Task Force (see also Action Plan for Vietnam), 655–657
- Directorʼs responsibilities, 453
- Establishment of, 466
- Functions of, 466
- Members of, 466
- Organization of, 451–453
- Status report on Vietnam, 478–481
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO):
- Council meeting, 708
- Counterinsurgency plan for Vietnam, 172–174
- Dissolution of, proposed, 299–300, 302–303
- Economic and military assistance to Vietnam, 227
- Southern Liberation Front, 168
- Souvanna Phouma, 211, 542, 543, 593, 615, 708, 742, 756, 784
- Soviet Union
- International conference on Vietnam, 388, 401
- Laos, policy toward, 512, 542, 592–593, 664
- Spread of Communism, approach to, 387
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of:
- Vietnam policy, 174–175, 232
- Spain, 658
- Special Group (Counterinsurgency), 69, 157n
, 461–462, 743n
, 763n
, 789n
- Special National Intelligence Estimates (SNIE):
-
10-62 (Feb. 21, 1961), 164
-
58-5/1-62 (June 12, 1962), 445–447
- Spurgin, C. Richard, 443n
, 603n
-
Stahr, Elvis J., Jr., 337–339
-
Staley, Eugene, 605
-
Staley/Thuc Report, 42
- Stalin, Joseph, 711–712
-
Stoneman, Walter G., 247n
, 282, 304n
, 320–322, 377–378, 443n
,
460n
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Agriculture and, 248–249, 571–572, 769–770
- Border hamlets, proposed, 88
- Central Vietnam hamlets, 704
- Chiefs, training for, 768–769
-
CIA assessment of, 515
- Communications systems, 335, 382–383, 404, 422,
480
- Communist attacks, 244, 360, 727–729, 736–738
- Communist defectors and, 471
- Communist insurgency, impact on, 272,
642–643
- Congress of hamlets, proposed, 573,
619–620,
769
- Control of population, 422, 480
- Crop destruction program and, 609
- Defenses of, 83–84, 85
- Delta Pacification Plan, strategic framework for;103-104, 240
- Delta Pacification Plan incorporated into, 414–415, 427, 428–430, 434–435
- Democratic values and, 638–640
- Dependent housing, 715–716
- District advisers for, 770
- Education, 424, 574, 619
- Elections, 470–471, 598, 617, 648,
699–700,
706, 767
- Establishment of hamlets, cadres for, 362–363
- Explosion Plan and, 628–629, 630
- Fences issue, 765–766
- Funding for, 520, 551, 691
- Government officials’ involvement in, 573, 620
- Guerrilla operations against Communists and, 636–637, 638
- “Hamlet kit” for, 682, 691, 728,
729
-
Heavnerʼs assessment of,
764, 765–770
-
Hilsmanʼs assessment of,
791–792
- Information campaign re, 551, 657
- Intelligence aspects, 78, 84
- Key to military victory, 273n
- Land reform, 572–573
- Local administration, effect of, 766,
768
- Loyalties of inhabitants, exposure of, 766
-
McNamaraʼs assessment of,
380–383
-
Mansfieldʼs assessment of,
780–782
- Military authority over, 471
- National policy, designation as, 96
-
Nhuʼs assessment of, 470–472
-
Nhuʼs program of
accelerated construction, 245, 261, 268,
311–312
- Operation Sunrise and, 245–246, 380–381
- Organizational problem, 476
- Paramilitary forces, 84, 115, 338,
549, 551, 773
- Plan for, 639–640, 750–752
- Popular attitudes toward, 248–250, 648,
700
- Priority constructions, 427, 429–430, 476, 520,
527–528,
539–540,
550–551,
597–598,
637–638
- Progress reports, 292–293, 419,
546, 680, 681–682
- Proposal for, 83–84
- Protection for villagers through, 268
- Provincial concepts of, 360–361
- Relocations for, 26, 192, 205,
648, 700–701
- Retaken villages and, 739–740
- Salary problems, 361–362, 475–476
- Shortage problems, 358–359, 381
- Socioeconomic programs, 268–269, 473–474, 598,
695, 740, 769–770
- Strategic concept of, 78–79
- Strategic Hamlet Committee, 205, 427, 495,
496
- Strategy against Communism, 640
- Successes of, 293, 381, 656
- Time requirements, 165
- Trend of events, means of measuring, 644–648
- Two-thirds concept, 639, 640
- Types of hamlets, 248–249
- U.S. advisers in provinces, 353–355, 359–360
- U.S. economic assistance for, 359–360, 462
- Volunteers for, 471
- “Will to fight” developed by, 754
-
Sukarno, Achmed, 516
-
Sullivan, William H., 541, 543
-
Sully, Francois, 279, 280, 281, 412, 602n
, 653, 665, 723
-
Swezey, Anthony Clinton, 541
-
Sylvester, Arthur, 110, 139, 158n
, 194n
, 379n
, 551
- Tam An Village, 293
-
Tan Phu hamlet, 293
- Task Force on Vietnam, 47, 157–158, 281–282, 334–335, 343–345, 377–378
- Civic action program, 321, 322–323, 485, 487
- Counterinsurgency operations, outline plan for, 17–21
- Delta Pacification Plan, 109n
- Economic assistance to Vietnam, 134–136, 143
- Final Report, 484–497
- Information programs and policies, 13–14
- Southeast Asia Task Force and, 453
-
Thompson, meeting with,
307–308
-
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 3, 11n
, 15, 31, 69, 113n
, 157, 244, 281, 334, 343, 373, 377, 405, 441n
, 466, 473n
- Civic action program, 78, 200n
- Communist insurgency, assessment of, 660
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 57n
- Binh Hoa operation, 99
- Explosion Plan, 661, 690, 730–731
- Information programs, 341,
347
-
SEATO Plan 7, 172
- Village-level activities, 50
- “Winning or losing” issue, 662–663
- Crop destruction program, 367, 345, 675n
- Defoliant operations, 71n
, 409
- Delta Pacification Plan, 307
-
Hilsman report, 73n
- Honolulu Conferences:
- March 1962, 261
- October 1962, 690
- International conference on Vietnam, 329n
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Field operations, 156
- Positive publicity, U.S. efforts re, 661–662
- Military Assistance Command, U.S., 31n
, 35–36n
,
37, 38
- Military assistance to Vietnam, third country, 373
- Montagnards, military training for, 643
- Operation Sunrise, 212, 303
- Political settlement in Vietnam, 317
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Force level increases, 216
- Paramilitary forces, proliferation of, 661
- Southeast Asia Task Force, 451
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Communist attacks, ability to withstand, 727, 736–738
- Democratic values and, 638–639
- Guerrilla operations against Communists and, 636–637, 638
- Long-term plan for, 639
- Priority constructions, 637–638
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam, 462
- U.S. regional military command, 662
- Vietnam, Republic of, political reforms, 333, 556
- Vietnam visit:
- World tour, 633
-
Taylor, Milton C., 153n
- Thailand, 164, 174, 302–303,
351, 605
- Subversion, capability to resist, 262
- U.S. policy toward, 785–786
- U.S. troop deployments in, 390–393, 399
- Village-level organizing, need for, 712
- Thanh, Col., 533
- Thao, Col., 248–249, 250, 354, 355, 357, 361, 462–463
- Thieu, 190–191
-
Tho. See
Nguyen Ngoc
Tho
.
-
Thompson, Llewellyn, 174–175
-
Thompson, R. G. K., 50, 82n
, 218, 284, 371, 486, 540
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 313,
315
- Civic action program, 314
- Civil Guard, 312
- Communist insurgency, 311, 314
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Air power used in, 312–313
- Information programs, 315
- Time phasing, 313–314
- Villages, importance of, 311
- Crop destruction program, 314
- Delta Pacification Plan, 102–109, 120,
205, 206, 307–308, 313
-
Diem, assessment of, 310–311
- Operation Sunrise, 312
- Prisoners of war, 313
- Ranger companies, 314
- Self Defense Corps, 312
- Strategic hamlet program, 311–312
- Vietnam, Republic of, political reforms, 315, 333
-
Thong, Col., 532
-
Thuan. See
Nguyen Dinh
Thuan
.
-
Thuc, Dean, 155, 421
-
Time magazine, 252,
723
-
Timmes, Maj. Gen. Charles J., 259, 482–483, 554, 689
-
Timmons, Benson E.l., 126–127, 415–416
-
Trach, Col., 332
-
Tran Quoc Buu, 599
-
Tran Van Chuong, 457–459
-
Tran Van Don, Maj. Gen., 630
-
Tran Van Tho, 424
-
Tranh, Col., 531
- Truce in Vietnam,possible, 237–238
-
Trueheart, William C., 41, 205n
, 318, 353n
, 473n
, 475n
, 622, 644n
, 698n
, 705, 721
- Civil Guard, Vietnamese complaints re U.S. support, 215–216, 220
- Communist insurgency, 210–212
- Counterinsurgency operations, 265–273
- Crop destruction program, 121–122
- Delta Pacification Plan, 109n
, 120–121, 235–236
- International conference on Vietnam, 342–343
- International Control Commission, 340
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 206–207
- Province rehabilitation program, 762
- Provincial surveys, 208–209, 235–236
- Southeast Asia Task Force, 655–656
- Status report, 418–426
- Strategic hamlet program, 428–430
-
Thuanʼs U.S. visit, 651, 652
-
Truong Buu Khanh, 41, 409, 410, 750
-
Truong Vinh Le, 750
-
Tunku, Abdul Rahman, 516
-
Tuyen, Dr., 196, 600, 692–693
-
Ty, Gen. See
Le Van Ty
,
Gen.
-
Ung Van Kiem, 543, 544
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See, Soviet Union.
- United Kingdom, 230, 352, 397, 486, 588
- International conference on Vietnam, 401
- Laos policy toward, 664
- Military assistance to Vietnam, 605
- U.S. information program, cooperation with, 33–34
- United Nations, 223
- Vietnam situation, consideration of, 226–227, 492
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 494, 635
- Administration of, 136
- “Buy American” restrictions, waiver of, 463, 464, 466, 467–468, 481,
606, 657–658, 671
- Cash grants to support international convertibility of local
currency, 431, 437–441, 443–445, 454–455, 460–461, 463–468, 480, 481
- General guidelines, 22
- Import financing, 466, 467–468, 481, 490
- Joint U.S.-Vietnamese communique, 6
- Prioritization of projects, 143, 147, 157,
295
- Road program, 22, 42–43
- Strategic hamlet program and, 359–360, 462
- Third country assistance, 230, 444, 486
- U.S. FY 1962 program, 132–136
- U.S. FY 1963 program, 132–136, 555–556, 576–579
- U.S. Information Agency (USIA) (see also
U.S. information programs and policies in
Vietnam), 13, 481, 664–666, 691, 722
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam (see also Media coverage of
Vietnam):
- Action Plan, 503–504
- Communists, new name for, 371
- Counterinsurgency information activities, 20, 268–270, 315, 335, 341,
347–349,
405–407
- Defoliant operations, 2–3
-
Diemʼs image, work on, 410–412
- Magnitude of, 634–635
-
Mecklinʼs assignment to,
370–372
- Media contacts with USIS, 372
- Military assistance, public relations aspects of, 4–5
- Movies used in, 691
- Positive media coverage, methods to obtain, 124–126, 131, 159–160, 650,
661–662,
757–759
- Psychological warfare, 13, 14, 20
- U.K. cooperation, 33–34
- Vietnamʼs information service, advisers for, 13–14, 33–34
- U.S. Information Service (USIS) (see also
U.S. information programs and policies in
Vietnam), 341, 370–372, 407, 411, 424, 425, 489, 665–666, 740
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam (see also Military Assistance Command,
U.S.; Military assistance to Vietnam, third
country; U.S. introduction of forces
issue
under
International Control Commission; U.S. military involvement in Vietnam), 494–495
- Developments (October 1961-October 1962), 683–684
- Increase, need for, 462
- Joint U.S.-Vietnamese communique on, 6
- Materiel, 462, 524–525, 623
- Public relations aspects, 4–5
- Training problem, 44
- U.S.direct allocation of resources, 430–431
- U.S. program for FY 1963, 553–555
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam (see
also
U.S. introduction of forces issue
under
International Control Commission):
- Advisers:
- Air operations, 141–142, 206–207, 246–247, 262–263, 493,
689, 793–797
- Appropriations for, 226
- Casualties, 145, 683
- Commitment, possible, 782–783
- Congressional participation in decisionmaking, 224–225
- Constitutional questions, 222–223
- Contingency plan for, 283, 488
- Geneva Accords and, 225–226
- Information for troops about Vietnam, 641
-
Kennedyʼs position, 4, 141–142, 144
- Korea and Lebanon, comparisons with, 223–224
- Media coverage of, 206–207, 305–306, 316,
323–324
- Non-combat purpose of, 225
- Rotation for personnel, 641, 662
- Senate inquiries re, 144, 222–232
- U.S. public opinion on, 581, 583–584
-
U.S.News and World Report, 125, 130
- Usher, Richard E., 323n
-
Valeo, Frank, 457–459, 676
- Vien, Lt. Col., 631–632
- Viet Congo See Communist insurgency.
- Vietnam. See:
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (DRY):
- Air strikes against, 671
- Chinese Peopleʼs Republic assistance,attitude toward, 375, 388
- Communist bloc, relations with, 101–102, 175, 286
- Communist bloc reactions to possible U.S. operations against, 446–447
- Communist insurgency, link to, 285–287, 533
- Economic development in Republic of Vietnam, response to, 753–754
- Government opposition in, 709
-
Harrimanʼs meeting with
officials, 543–546
- Internal problems, 388
- International conference on Vietnam,support for, 342–343, 388–389
- International Control Commission:
- Propaganda against, 420
- Visit by, 658
- Prisoners of war, treatment of, 420
- Propaganda activities, 420–421, 436–437
- United States, contacts with, 379,
399, 543–546
- U.S.military intervention, protests against, 544–546
- U.S. military operations against, possible, 332–333, 365–366, 375, 393–395, 446–447
- U.S.regional military command, response to, 390–391
- Withdrawal from combat, possible.See
Political settlement in Vietnam.
- Vietnam, Republic of (RVN):
-
See also:
- Administrative subdivisions, 699
- Agricultural situation, 271, 421, 424,
489, 571–572, 643, 650,
686, 769–770
- Amnesty program for Communist defectors, 13, 94, 289, 497, 500, 658,
670, 714, 715
- Bilateral treaty with U.S., proposed, 485
- Cambodia, relations with, 101, 197, 485,
541–542,
654, 659, 669, 678, 741–742, 743,
759
- Censorship of U.S. scholars, 154
- Central Vietnam, situation in, 703–706
- Commercial development, 43–44, 676
- Communist sympathizers, rehabilitation program for, 774
- Constitutional changes, 659
- Constitutional Court, 267
- Developments (October 1961-October 1962), 680, 684–686
- Economic reforms, 93, 491, 685–686
- Economic situation, 12, 149, 290,
344, 373, 421–422, 552–553
- Counterinsurgency operations and, 270–272
- Deficits and piaster shortages, 431, 437–442, 443–445, , 454–455, 460–461, 463–468, 480, 555
- Foreign exchange reserves, 439
- Long-range development programs, 488, 491–492, 503, 606
- U.S. advisers for, 605–606
- Educated class, 267–268
- Education, 423–424, 574, 619
- Flood relief operations, 494–495
- Government officials, training for, 536–539, 553, 573–574, 617,
685, 706
- Information service, 13–14, 33–34, 289, 424, 489,
635, 685
- Intelligence service. See
Central Intelligence Organization.
- Land reform, 572–573, 619, 701, 752
- Laos, relations with, 514, 658–659, 663–664, 668–669, 671, 677–679, 696–697, 707,
713–714,
716–718,
719–720
- Lottery scandal, 692–693
- Medical assistance, 335, 417, 554
- Morale of people, 364, 628, 771
- National Economic Council, 93, 267
- National Internal Security Council, 11,
63, 92,
287–288,
495, 496
- Northerners and Catholics, favoritism toward, 649, 702
- Police service, 294, 422
- Political prisoners, 94, 289, 497
- Political refonns, 229, 315
- Political situation, 12, 76–78, 289–290
- Conuption, 46, 228, 648, 700
Diemʼs loss of
support, 45, 150-151, 152, 468–469
- Governmental organization, 265–266, 272
- Opposition, legal, 574–575
- Provinces, 168
- U.S. assessments of, 76–78, 757
- U.S. governmental advisers, 288, 343–344
- U.S. support for government, 227–229
- Province rehabilitation program, 762
- Provincial Councils, 363
- Psychological shock, need for, 151–152
- Public health, 422, 423, 686
- Public works, 423
- Road program, 22, 42–43, 423
- Rural police
- Social Purification Law, 94, 150–151, 435–436
- Strategic importance to U.S., 145–146, 167
- Television for, 665–666
- Underdevelopment in, 751
- U.S. agricultural assistance, 248,
249
- U.S. Congressional delegations (see also
Mansfield,
Mike
), 762
- U.S. Economic Counselor, assignment of, 143
- Women, military training for, 623–624
- Vietnamese Peopleʼs Revolutionary Party, 168,
211, 285
- Vietnamese Special Financial Group, 134
-
Vinh, Col., 10, 533
-
Vo Nguyen Giap, 42, 783
- Voice of America, 34
-
Vu Van Mau, 197, 514, 541–543, 644n
, 673n
, 677–679, 692, 693
-
Vu Van Thai, 151
-
Walton, Frank E., 344
-
Washington Post, 131,
676
-
Weede, Maj. Gen. Richard, 187, 255, 344, 473n
,
475n
-
Weinthal, Ted, 676
-
White, John P., 32
-
Williams, Hayden, 60n
, 324–325, 364n
-
Wilson, Donald M., 7, 33, 139n
, 158n
, 412, 651, 664–666
- Withdrawal of troops proposal. See
Political settlement in Vietnam.
-
Wood, Chalmers B., 11n
, 95n
, 141,
144n
, 221n
, 247, 253n
, 274n
, 320, 321, 334–335, 387–389, 406, 443n
, 456n
, 460, 461–463, 466, 481n
, 497n
, 499, 520n
, 570,
571, 580–582, 602, 603n
, 606n
, 611n
, 616n
, 644, 652, 664, 666n
, 667n
, 675–677, 679n
,
688–691, 693n
, 725, 734–736, 757–759, 760n
, 763n
-
Y, Col., 266
- Yalta Agreements, 711–712
-
Yarmolinsky, Adam, 567n
-
Young, Kenneth, 262
- Youth Corps, 382
-
Yu Quoc Thuc, 651
-
Yuen Tse Kien, 473–475
-
Zablocki, Clement, 676
- Zone “D” operation, 1–3, 4, 24–26, 54