Index

• Abdul Rahman, Tunku, 698
• Acheson, Dean, 565n
• Adenauer, Konrad, 676
• Aiken, Frank, 785, 787–788, 789
• Akalovsky, Alexander, 595n
• Albania, 730
• Allen, George V., 18, 142n, 162, 602, 670, 689, 752
• Allendorfer, Cmdr., 245
• Allison, John M., 7n
• Alphand, Hervé, 518
• Ambassadorial talks. See Warsaw talks.
• Anderson, Robert B., 54, 691, 710
• Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, 488
• Arneson, R. Gordon, 371n, 375n
• Asbjornson, Mildred, 247
• Atomic weapons. See Nuclear weapons.
• Aurand, Capt. E. P., 130, 196
• Australia, 140, 180, 391–396
• Aylward, Robert A., 491n
• Bacon, Ruth E., 754n, 765n, 792n
• Ballantyne, R. J., 646n, 647n
• Barbour, Walworth, 646, 647, 648
• Barco, James W., 275–278, 339
• Bartlett, Frederic P., 806n
• Beakley, Vice Adm. Wallace M., 188, 224
• Beale, Howard, 391, 396
• Beam, Jacob D.:
  • Warsaw talks:
    • appointment to, 7n, 31–32
    • informal meetings, proposed, 542
    • instructions from State Department, 186, 187, 198–199, 200, 229–230, 267–269, 291–296, 324–326, 354–356, 397–398, 405–406, 433–437, 479–482, 491–493, 511n, 567n, 576n, 621–622, 625n, 638n, 650n, 652n, 715n, 733n
    • negotiating sessions, 193–195, 209–216, 257, 258–264, 270–271, 305–306, 312–314, 328, 373, 406–407, 453, 482–483, 495, 500–501, 511–512, 531–532, 553–554, 566, 567, 576–577, 585–586, 625–626, 638–639, 650–651, 652–655, 665–666, 694–695, 715–716, 728–729, 733–734
    • personnel changes, 409n
    • PRC objectives, 190–191
    • preliminary arrangements, 35n, 61, 184–185
    • reports on, 195–196, 218, 270–271, 734–736
    • U.S. criticism of PRC record, 305–306
    • U.S. long-term strategy, 323
    • U.S. opening statement, 191–192
• Becker, Loftus E., 68, 157, 158, 200n, 293n, 324n, 350, 352, 354n, 397n, 399n, 405n, 433n, 491n
• Beeley, Howard S., 216
• Belgium, 360
• Bell, John O., 633n
• Bennett, Josiah W., 35n, 219n, 229n, 479n, 509n, 515n, 545n, 591n, 627n, 633n, 792n, 806n
• Berding, Andrew H., 200n, 609n
• Bernau, Phyllis D., 166n, 185n, 200n, 316n, 335n, 412, 413n
• Bevan, Aneurin, 21
• Bissell, Richard M., Jr., 256, 639–640, 656–662
• Blackburn, Rear Adm. P. P., 189
• Boas, Frank, 433n
• Boggs, Marion W., 43, 87, 508, 538, 589, 602, 639, 672, 691, 711, 742, 762, 773, 784
• Bonesteel, Brig. Gen. Charles H., III, 426
• Booker, Malcolm R., 391
• Bork, Gen., 348
• Bowen, Maj. Gen. John W., 14
• Bowie, Robert R., 462n
• Bowles, Chester B., 699, 705, 706
• Brewster, Robert C., 692n
• Brown, Winthrop G., 777–781, 783n
• Brucker, Wilber M., 108, 109–111, 260
• Bunker, Ellsworth, 327, 490, 792n, 804–805, 806, 814
• Bureau of the Budget, U.S., 667–668
• Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 68, 188, 224, 427n
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • U.S. naval patrols, PRC protests re, 571–572
    • U.S.–ROC overflights of, 494
  • China, Republic of, amphibious equipment for, 367
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area:
    • ROC troop reductions, 364, 367, 369, 370
    • smaller islands, U.S. policy re, 574–576
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 73, 75, 121
    • cease-fire (Oct. 6–20), 369–370
    • commercial shipping, impact on, 371
    • invasion of islands, possible, 117
    • nuclear actions by U.S., possible, 120
    • PRC intentions, 242, 243
    • PRC military build-up, 116
    • regional significance, 119
    • resupply of islands, 116–117
    • Soviet position, 244
    • Tan Islands, defense of, 282, 370
    • U.S. arms supplies for ROC, 97
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 90–91, 92–93, 94, 95, 98–99, 119, 145, 244–245, 329, 330, 336, 412, 477
    • U.S. intelligence on, 116, 117
    • U.S. military strategy, 92, 118
    • U.S. naval patrols, 342
    • U.S. non-provocation policy, 483–484
• Byers, Lt. Gen. Clovis E., 47, 116
• Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 67, 142, 559, 561, 689, 768, 808
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • nuclear capability, 691
    • U.S.–ROC overflights of, 256–257
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 690, 691, 731
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • Hong Kong, impact on, 269
    • interdiction of islands, 208–209
    • PRC intentions, 242
    • regional significance, 245
    • retaliation by ROC, 270
    • Soviet position, 243, 244
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 93, 94, 95
• Caccia, Sir Harold, 164n, 168–171, 175n, 249, 279, 316–317, 357, 358, 408–409, 449n, 518
• Calhoun, John A., 89n, 399n, 583n
• Cambodia, 201–203
• Campbell, Gen., 585
• Canada, 30–31, 140, 360, 361–362
• Carpenter, William T., Jr., 496n
• Carson, James, 247
• Casey, Richard G., 180n, 391–396
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). See Cabell, Gen. Charles P.; Dulles, Allen W.; National Intelligence Estimates; Special National Intelligence Estimates.
• Ceylon, 139
• Chamberlain, William Henry, 388
• Chang Chien-Yuh, 650
• Chang Chun, 8, 77, 319, 421, 424
• Chatterjee, D. N., 628
• Chen Cheng, 8, 226, 265, 500, 564
  • China, Republic of:
    • economic development program, 644, 645, 648–649, 702
    • military reductions, 552
    • “use of force” policy, 545
  • Dulles visit to ROC (Oct. 1958), 422, 424, 437
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area, proposed ROC withdrawal from, 696
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • cease-fire proposal (Sept. 28–Oct. 3), 300
    • interdiction of islands, 78
    • resupply of islands, 300
    • retaliation by ROC, 71, 224–225, 239–240, 299–300
    • ROC withdrawal from islands, proposed, 319, 321
    • U.S. warnings to PRC, 78
  • Warsaw talks, 300
• Chen Yi, 201n, 202, 397n, 653
• Chiang Ching-kuo, Lt. Gen., 331, 524, 635, 656, 659, 661, 724, 725, 736
• Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo:
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • commune system, 617–618
    • downfall of Communist government, plan for, 683–685, 686–687, 748
    • uprisings against Communist government, 555, 556, 620
  • China, Republic of:
    • economic development program, 648–649
    • economic situation, 529–530
    • “free China” image, 424–426, 515
    • military reductions, 529, 685–686
    • political situation, 725–726
    • U.S. economic assistance, 530, 748
    • U.S. military assistance, 748
    • “use of force” policy, 526, 562–563
  • Dillon, meeting with, 613–621
  • Dulles, assessment of, 562
  • Dulles, assessment of, 169–170
  • Dulles visit to ROC (Mar. 1958), 8–15
  • Dulles visit to ROC (Oct. 1958), 379, 388, 467–468
    • communiqué on, 441
    • meetings with Dulles, 418–419, 421–426, 430–433, 438–440
  • Eisenhower, correspondence with, 83–86, 115n, 446, 486–487, 747–749
  • Eisenhower, meetings with, 675–687
  • Indonesia, 9
  • infiltration of PRC by ROC forces, 748
    • failures of early 1950s, 19–20
    • paramilitary activities, proposed, 562, 564, 658, 660, 662
    • position on, 12–14, 603–604, 618–620
    • training for troops, 4–5
    • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 651–652
  • inflexibility and stubborness of, 169–170
  • Japan, 9–10, 678–679, 682
  • Korea, 9
  • McElroy, meeting with, 379–381, 389–390
  • military confrontations between Chinas, 39–40, 41, 570
  • Mountbatten and, 410–411
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area:
    • artillery for, 433, 484–485
    • fate of ROC and, 439
    • ROC troop reductions, 389–390, 439–440, 454, 485–486, 551
    • ROC withdrawal, proposed, 706–707
    • Tan Islands, proposed evacuation of, 519, 533–535, 537
    • retreat on positions, 410–411
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 562, 614–616, 676–679
  • Soviet attitude toward, 596–597
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • “attack on islands as attack on ROC” issue, 71
    • cease-fire (Oct. 6–20), 331, 332
    • Dulles–Chiang discussions re, 422, 430–433
    • interdiction of islands, 77–78, 83–84
    • nuclear actions by U.S., possible, 431–432
    • political concerns, 112, 144
    • resupply of islands, 114, 178, 284
    • retaliation by ROC, 71, 84–86, 109–110, 111–113, 179, 182, 183, 226, 240, 265–266
    • ROC withdrawal from islands, proposed, 319–321
    • Tan Islands, defense of, 291
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 179, 331, 333
    • U.S. military strategy, 107–108
    • U.S.–ROC cooperation, 160
  • Tibet problem, 562, 751, 754
  • Warsaw talks, 154, 389
• Chiang Kai-shek, Madame, 8, 614, 683
• China, People’s Republic of (PRC) (see also Infiltration of PRC by ROC forces; Sino-Soviet relations; Taiwan Strait crisis; Tibet problem; U.N. membership for PRC; Warsaw talks):
  • Afro-Asian world and, 26–27, 408, 586–588
  • anti-intellectual movement, 592
  • atomic capabilities, see nuclear subheadings below
  • birth control policy, 592
  • Canada, relations with, 30–31
  • commune system, 472, 508, 556, 557, 593
    • Chiang’s assessment of, 617–618
    • Sino-Soviet relations and, 722
    • U.S. assessments of, 521, 522–523, 578–579
  • Communist leaders’ meeting (Dec. 1960), 742–743
  • Communist regime’s secure position, 740
  • “crazy trend” in, 593
  • disarmament and, 741
  • “division of U.S.–ROC alliance” strategy, 391–392
  • downfall of Communist government, Chiang’s plan for, 683–685, 686–687, 748
  • economic situation, 24–25, 578, 739
  • foreign diplomats, treatment of, 592
  • foreign policy, 25–26, 521–522, 580, 741
  • France, relations with, 30
  • future prospects, U.S. assessment of, 739–741
  • Great Leap Forward, 472, 520–523, 593
  • Harriman’s proposed visit, 565
  • Hong Kong and, 674
  • India, relations with, 587
    • border dispute, 628–629, 664, 757, 784, 798
    • U.S. intelligence report on, 664–665
  • Indochina policy, 202
  • Japan, relations with, 26
  • kidnapping of U.S. diplomat, 638–639, 650, 653
  • Korean war, perspective on, 309–310
  • military confrontations with ROC (see also Infiltration of PRC by ROC forces; Taiwan Strait crisis), 33, 39–42, 154, 570
  • military forces, 25, 740
  • newsmen exchanges with U.S., 565n, 653–654, 655, 666, 695, 716, 728, 735–736
  • nuclear energy program, 744–747
  • nuclear-free zone proposal, 729, 733–734
  • nuclear weapons capability, 579–580, 691, 740, 746
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area:
    • intentions and courses of action, 548–550
    • military build-up in 1960, 663, 672, 688–689
  • Outer Mongolia, relations with, 677–678
  • paratrooper capabilities, 547–548
  • political situation, 7–8, 23–24, 508, 521, 579, 762
  • Soviet diplomats in, 592
  • territorial waters claim, 131n
  • “two Chinas” option, 528, 539
  • uprising against Communist government, 513, 518, 554–557, 583–585, 589–590, 620
  • uranium resources, 745
  • U.S. change of administration and, 749–750
  • U.S. military assistance to ROC, protests re, 311–312, 313
  • U.S. naval patrols, protests re, 571–572, 576, 581, 585
  • U.S. nuclear attack on, possible, 569
  • U.S. policy review, proposed, 462–463
  • U.S. policy statement on, proposed, 512–513, 516–518
  • U.S. prisoners in, 6, 28, 491–493, 495, 501, 512, 531, 554, 585–586, 626, 650
  • U.S. recognition issue, 49, 605
  • U.S.–ROC overflights of, 162–163, 256–257, 280, 475, 494, 572–574
  • U.S.–Soviet war, impact of, 544, 546–547
  • “use of force” issue:
    • PRC position, 495, 625–626, 639
    • U.S. proposal re, 479–482, 491, 621–622
    • U.S.–Soviet exchanges re, 595–598, 600–601, 606–609
  • war/co-existence policy, 663
  • warfare, political use of, 541–542
• China, Republic of (ROC) (see also Infiltration of PRC by ROC forces; Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area; Taiwan Strait crisis):
  • anti-American sentiments, 392
  • arrangement with PRC, U.S. concerns re, 378
  • coordination of U.S. programs, 2–3
  • Dulles visit (Mar. 1958), 8–15
  • Dulles visit (Oct. 1958), see visit to ROC (Oct 1958) under Dulles, John Foster
  • economic development program:
    • Chiang’s concurrence, 648–649
    • program development, 643–646
    • progress report on, 702–703
    • U.S.–ROC exchange of letters, 649n
  • economic situation, 17–18, 529–530, 632, 689
    • U.S. economic assistance, relation to, 535–536
  • Eisenhower visit (June, 1960), 665, 675–687
  • foreign policy, 688
  • “free China” image:
    • Dulles’ assessment of, 515–516
    • Eisenhower’s position, 446
    • ROC position, 428–429, 461–462, 475–476
    • U.S. diplomatic efforts re, 451–452
    • U.S. position, 415–417, 440
    • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 359–362, 385, 424–426
    • U.S.–ROC joint statement on, 443–444
  • future prospects, U.S. assessments of, 527–528, 632–633
  • military confrontations with PRC (see also Infiltration of PRC by ROC forces; Taiwan Strait crisis), 33, 39–42, 154, 570
  • military exercises with U.S. troops, 447
  • military modernization, 496–497
  • military reductions, 528–529, 552, 685–686, 687
  • neutral government proposal, 251
  • New Zealand’s policy toward, 304
  • nuclear weapons issue, 509–510
  • OCB meeting on, 558
  • offensive action against Communist territory, U.S. policy re, 589, 590
  • overseas Chinese and, 17, 463–464, 465, 498–499, 688, 712
  • paratroop units, 367–368, 619–621, 634, 635, 641–642
  • plebiscite, possible, 392–393
  • political reporting by U.S. personnel, 3–4
  • political situation, 689, 725–727, 736–738
  • population growth, 529
  • “Republic of China” name, origin of, 438
  • retaliation for Communist attack, U.S. policy re, 589
  • Rhee’s downfall, reaction to, 724–725
  • Special Forces, 20n, 22–23, 634, 635, 636, 656
  • successor to Chiang, 689
  • Taiwanese influence in, 377
  • Taiwanese-mainlander relations, 220, 298, 396, 471–472, 737–738
  • Tibet problem:
    • “independence for Tibet” option, 757–758, 760–761, 802–803
    • ROC exploitation efforts, 562, 751, 754
    • Tibetan–ROC discussions re, 802–803
    • U.N. actions, 776
    • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 800–803
  • “two Chinas” option, 395–396, 528
  • U.S. covert operations in, 3
  • U.S. economic assistance (see also economic development program above), 530, 748
    • economic situation, relation to, 535–536
    • ROC requests, 465–466, 552
  • “use of force” policy:
    • Chiang’s position, 562–563
    • criticisms of, 463–464, 465, 499
    • Dulles’ assessment of, 468–469
    • Eisenhower’s letter to Chiang re, 486–487
    • infiltration of PRC and, 642
    • international support for ROC and, 563
    • ROC deviation from, possible, 545–546
    • ROC interpretation of, 526
    • U.S. diplomatic efforts re, 452
    • U.S. position, 399–401, 406, 414, 423, 476
    • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 462, 463–465, 467, 498–500
    • U.S.–ROC joint statement on, 444
    • U.S.–U.K. correspondence re, 490
  • U.S. long-range interest in, 409
  • U.S. military assistance (see also under Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area; under Taiwan Strait crisis), 40, 45, 748
    • aircraft, 33–34
    • amphibious ships, 196–197, 296–297, 346–347, 366, 367–368, 401, 489
    • funding for, 571
    • missiles, 509–510
    • PRC protests re, 311–312, 313
  • U.S. military forces in, 390, 732–733
• Chou Chih-jou, 570
• Chou En-lai, 142–143, 144, 149, 201n, 202, 317, 318, 322, 617, 630, 653, 714, 729n
• Chow, S. K., 239, 461
• Churchill, Sir Winston S., 103, 140
• Chu Teh, 617
• CINCPAC. See Felt, Adm. Harry D.
• Clough, Ralph N., 6n, 17, 18, 27–28, 35, 581n, 734 Congress, U.S., 378
• Cook, Charles D., 275n, 339–341
• Couve de Murville, Maurice, 30, 785, 786
• Cumming, Hugh S., Jr., 172, 173, 375n, 593–594, 611–613
• Cutler, Gen. Robert, 17, 21
• Dalai Lama, 556, 751, 812–813
  • asylum for, 772, 773–774
  • Eisenhower, proposed meeting with, 804–805
  • financial situation, 803
  • Tibet problem:
    • government in exile, proposed, 797
    • “independence for Tibet” option, 760–761, 763, 765n, 770, 771–772, 775, 779, 806, 809–810
    • Indian support for rebels, 752–753
    • PRC suzerainty issue, 759
    • U.N. actions, 774–775, 777–780, 782–783, 789–790, 810
    • U.S. military assistance for rebels, 755–756, 768
• Dalton, Peter, 647
• Davis, Richard H., 145n
• Dean, Brig. Gen. Fred Murray, 33, 572, 573, 662
• De Gaulle, Charles, 30
• De la Mare, A. J., 322, 571n, 591
• Delgado, Francisco, 776–777
• Deming, Olcott H., 564
• Dennison, Adm. Robert L., 172, 173, 174, 175
• Devlin, Michael H., 782n
• Dexter, John B., 27, 32, 34–35
• Diefenbaker, John G., 30–31, 166, 362, 463
• Dillon, C. Douglas:
  • Afro-Asian world, PRC and, 586–588
  • Chiang, meeting with, 613–621
  • Hong Kong, 668, 669, 670, 671
  • infiltration of PRC by ROC forces, 619, 633, 636n
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 730, 743
  • Tan Islands, proposed evacuation of, 519–520
  • Tibet problem:
    • asylum for Dalai Lama, 772, 773
    • “independence for Tibet” option, 763–765, 771–772
    • U.N. actions, 782–784, 785
• Disarmament (see also Nuclear weapons), 601, 608–609, 729, 733–734, 741
• Dixon, Sir Pierson, 786, 788–789, 796
• Doan, Maj. Gen. L. L., 22n, 382, 533, 573, 603
  • Dulles visit to ROC (Oct. 1958), 426–427
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area:
    • artillery for, 484, 485
    • ROC troop reductions, 426–427, 454, 552n
• Douglas, James H., 669, 808
• Doyle, Vice Adm. A. K., 2, 14, 22n, 33, 38n
• Draper, William H., Jr., 528–529
• Drumright, Everett F., 8, 86, 447, 563, 675n, 683n
  • Chiang–McElroy meeting, 379–381, 389–390
  • China, People’s Republic of, 572–574, 557
  • China, Republic of:
    • economic development program, 702–703
    • economic situation, 529–530, 535–536
    • “free China” image, 428, 461–462
    • military modernization, 496–497
    • military reductions, 528–529
    • paratroop units for, 619–620
    • political situation, 725–727, 736
    • Rhee’s downfall, reaction to, 724–725
    • Special Forces, 22–23
    • U.S. economic assistance, 535–536
    • U.S. military assistance, 33–34, 571
    • U.S. military forces in, 390
    • “use of force” policy, 462
  • Dulles visit to ROC (Mar. 1958), 12–15
  • Dulles visit to ROC (Oct. 1958), 421, 424, 426, 430, 437
  • infiltration of PRC by ROC forces, 19
    • Chiang’s position, 12–14, 603–604, 619–620
    • paramilitary activities, proposed, 523–526, 656, 659, 662
    • training for troops, 20n
    • U.S. policy re, 14–15
    • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 651–652
  • military confrontations between Chinas, 40–42, 154, 570
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area:
    • artillery for, 484–486
    • ROC troop reductions, 389–390, 454, 485–486
    • Tan Islands, proposed evacuation of, 519n, 533–535
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 617
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • “attack on islands as attack on ROC” issue, 46, 71
    • cease-fire (Oct. 6–20), 330–331, 332–334, 338, 339n
    • cease-fire, suggestion re, 106–107
    • Chiang’s political concerns, 112
    • demilitarization option, 226–227
    • interdiction of islands, 77–78
    • international opinion on, 285
    • PRC intentions, 41, 110
    • PRC military build-up, 34, 41
    • resupply of islands, 178–179, 284, 285, 478
    • retaliation by ROC, 70–71, 109–110, 111–113, 226, 227, 228, 239–240, 265–266, 299–300
    • ROC restraint in patrolling operations, 374
    • ROC withdrawal from islands, proposed, 227, 315, 319–321
    • Tan Islands, defense of, 371–372
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 331, 333–334, 337
    • U.S. military strategy, 107–108
    • U.S. prestige issue, 228
    • U.S.–ROC cooperation, 159–160
    • U.S. warnings to PRC, 72, 78
  • Tibet problem, 754n
  • Warsaw talks, 154, 183n, 226, 389
• Dulles, Allen W., 17, 18, 208, 279, 543, 582, 758n, 771n
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • commune system, 472, 508
    • India, border dispute with, 784
    • paratrooper capabilities, 548
    • political situation, 508
    • uprisings against Communist government, U.S. policy re, 554–555, 556
  • Hong Kong, 670, 671
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area, PRC military build-up in 1960, 663, 672
  • Sino-Soviet relations:
    • ideological debates, 662–663
    • Khrushchev’s visit to Peiping, 43
    • rift in relationship, 602, 709–711, 719–720, 729–730, 742–743
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 51, 73, 75, 366
    • cease-fire (Oct. 6–20), 370, 371
    • commercial shipping, impact on, 371
    • PRC–Indian discussions re, 318
    • PRC military build-up, 42–43, 66, 86–87
    • resupply of islands, 318, 396
    • shelling of islands, 69, 86
    • U.N. actions, 396
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 330
    • U.S. military strategy, 54, 55
  • Tibet problem:
    • asylum for Dalai Lama, 773–774
    • fighting in Tibet, 751, 762
    • “independence for Tibet” option, 770
    • Indian support for rebels, 752–753
    • PRC attitude toward, 785
    • U.N. actions, 784
    • U.S. military assistance for rebels, 755–756, 768, 808, 809
• Dulles, John Foster, 81n, 144n, 169, 200n, 229n, 243, 296n, 402n, 484n, 486n
  • Chiang, assessment of, 169–170
  • Chiang’s assessment of, 562
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • Afro-Asian world, influence in, 408
    • commune system, 472
    • “division of U.S.–ROC alliance” strategy, 391–392
    • France, relations with, 30
    • uprisings against Communist government, 518n
    • U.S. policy review, proposed, 462–463
    • U.S. policy statement on, proposed, 516n
    • U.S. recognition issue, 49
    • U.S.–ROC overflights of, 162–163, 256–257, 280, 475
    • “use of force” issue, 479–482
  • China, Republic of (see also visit to ROC below), 346–347
    • arrangement with PRC, U.S. concerns re, 378
    • “free China” image, 359–362, 385, 415–417, 424–426, 440, 451–452, 475–476, 515–516
    • paratroop units, 367
    • plebiscite, possible, 392–393
    • Taiwanese influence in, 377
    • Taiwanese-mainlander relations, 298, 396, 471–472
    • “two Chinas” option, 395–396
    • U.S. long-range interest in, 409
    • U.S. military assistance, 196–197, 346, 366, 367, 401
    • “use of force” policy, 399–401, 406, 414, 423, 468–469, 476, 490
  • death of, 614
  • Indonesia, 9
  • infiltration of PRC by ROC forces, 12
  • Japan, 11
  • Khrushchev, assessment of, 302–303
  • Khrushchev’s letter to Eisenhower, rejection of, 247–248
  • Korea, 9
  • Mountbatten, meeting with, 410–411
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area:
    • artillery for, 427, 433
    • Communist rule, islanders’ rejection of, 395
    • constructive suggestions from PRC, U.S. request for, 397–398
    • fate of ROC and, 439
    • political warfare by PRC, 383–384
    • ROC troop reductions, 365, 366–369, 370, 384, 402, 416–417, 425, 427, 439–440, 444, 471, 707
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • allies’ position, 162, 180–181
    • “attack on islands as attack on ROC” issue, 50
    • cease-fire (Oct. 6–20), 335n, 349–350, 354–355, 375, 382–383, 411–412, 420
    • chemical weapons, alleged ROC use of, 480
    • Chiang–Dulles discussions re, 422, 430–433
    • commercial shipping, impact on, 304, 371
    • Congressional interest in, 378
    • demilitarization option, 141n, 157–158, 216–217
    • general war, danger of, 57, 273
    • Hammarskjöld–Dulles discussions re, 286–287
    • international opinion on, 245, 267
    • invasion of islands, possible, 126, 366
    • Japanese position, 376
    • nuclear actions by U.S., possible, 118, 120, 122, 130, 138, 431–432, 487
    • Philippine position, 377
    • “policing of vacated islands” option, 352
    • PRC–Indian discussions re, 316, 318
    • PRC intentions, 242–243, 375–376, 449–450
    • PRC military build-up, 38–39, 44, 116
    • propaganda war, 134–135
    • provocative actions, PRC views on, 353, 355, 356
    • regional significance, 119, 137, 170–171, 245, 279
    • resupply of islands, 172, 173–175, 182, 266–267, 272
    • retaliation by ROC, 88, 117, 183
    • ROC concentration of forces, 181–182, 267, 356
    • “ROC initiation of hostilities” rumor, 280
    • ROC political use of islands, 69–70, 157, 162
    • ROC restraint in patrolling operations, 374n
    • ROC withdrawal from islands, proposed, 197, 290, 301, 315–316, 319, 351–352, 353, 393
    • shelling of islands, 451, 480
    • Soviet position, 163, 166n, 244
    • Tan Islands, defense of, 350, 353
    • territorial waters issue, 131, 482
    • third-party approaches to PRC, 127, 170, 177, 275, 280–281, 357–358, 490
    • U.K. position, 164
    • U.N. actions, 173, 180, 217, 246, 247, 273, 280, 287, 297–299, 397
    • U.S. arms supplies for ROC, 68
    • U.S.–Australia discussion re, 391–396
    • U.S. defense of islands under all circumstances, 62
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 119, 121–122, 163, 282, 355, 420, 427, 473–474
    • U.S. intelligence on, 113
    • U.S. military strategy, 47
    • U.S.–New Zealand discussion re, 302–304
    • U.S. prestige issue, 303
    • U.S. public statements on, 130, 134–136, 161–162, 273n, 301, 393
    • U.S.–ROC cooperation, 253–254
    • U.S. summary report on, 131–134
    • U.S.–U.K. correspondence re, 136–142, 175–177
    • U.S.–U.K. discussions re, 168–171, 216–217, 272–273, 278–281
    • U.S. warnings to PRC, 56, 88–89
    • U.S. withdrawal/PRC takeover option, 268, 397–398
  • U.N. membership for PRC, 21, 281, 360, 438
  • visit to ROC (Mar. 1958), 8–15
  • visit to ROC (Oct. 1958), 361, 379, 383, 385, 387, 388, 467–468
    • Chiang, meetings with, 418–419, 421–426, 430–433, 438–440
    • communiqué on, 430, 433n, 440–444
    • Dulles’ reports, 420–421, 427, 444, 445, 450–451, 468–469, 470–472
    • Eisenhower’s attitude toward, 404–405
    • Eisenhower’s letter to Chiang re, 446
    • Taiwan Strait crisis and, 411–412
    • talking paper for Dulles, 399–401, 413–417
    • U.N. membership issue, 437–438
    • U.S. military, meeting with, 426–427
    • U.S.–U.K. discussions re, 408
  • Warsaw talks, 291n, 293n, 323n
    • Beam’s appointment to, 31–32
    • instructions for Beam, 186, 187, 267–269, 354–356, 397–398, 405–406, 479–482
    • PRC assent to, 143
    • preliminary arrangements, 1, 6, 29, 34–35, 155–156, 185n
    • provocative actions issue, 159
    • ROC attitude toward, 395
    • ROC rights issue, 170
    • U.S. assessments of, 268–269, 368–369, 394, 409–410
    • U.S. expectations for, 169, 173, 273
    • U.S. intentions, 156, 241–242, 246
    • U.S.–ROC consultations re, 183
  • Western Pacific, U.S. policy re, 514–515
• Dutt, Subimal, 780–781, 804–805, 814
• Earman, J. S., 752n, 758n
• Eaton, Cyrus, 163
• Eden, Sir Anthony, 102, 272n
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 136n, 324n, 412, 699n, 721n
  • Chiang, correspondence with, 83–86, 115n, 446, 486–487, 747–749
  • Chiang, meetings with, 675–687
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • Canada, relations with, 30–31
    • downfall of Communist government, Chiang’s plan for, 683, 686, 687n, 748n
    • India, border dispute with, 628–629
    • uprisings against Communist government, U.S. policy re, 555, 556, 589
    • U.S. nuclear attack on, possible, 569
    • U.S.–ROC overflights of, 475, 494n
    • use of force against ROC, U.S.–Soviet exchanges re, 595–598, 600–601, 606
  • China, Republic of:
    • “free China” image, 446
    • military reductions, 687
    • neutral government proposal, 251
    • U.S. military assistance, 196–197, 296–297, 346–347
    • visit to (June 1960), 665, 675–687
  • Dalai Lama, proposed meeting with, 804–805
  • Dulles visit to ROC (Oct. 1958), 404–405, 420, 444, 445, 446
  • free world, views on, 680–681
  • Hong Kong, 668–670, 671, 673n
  • infiltration of PRC by ROC forces, 5
  • Japan, Communist threat to, 682–683
  • Khrushchev, correspondence with, 145–153, 166–168, 231–238, 247–248, 600–601, 606–609
  • Khrushchev, meeting with, 595–598
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area:
    • artillery for, 497
    • ROC troop reductions, 381–382, 497, 553
    • ROC withdrawal, proposed, 698
  • Paris Summit Conference (1960), 677–678, 679–680
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 479, 679–680, 711
  • Soviet Union, U.S. war planning re, 544, 546–547
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • “attack on islands as attack on ROC” issue, 50–51
    • cease-fire (Oct. 6–20), 335
    • Chiang’s political concerns, 144
    • five-power conference, proposed, 251
    • international opinion on, 267
    • nuclear actions by U.S., possible, 74, 130, 252
    • PRC military build-up, 43
    • propaganda war, 99
    • resupply of islands, 266–267
    • retaliation by ROC, 97
    • ROC concentration of forces, 181–182, 267
    • ROC withdrawal from islands, proposed, 161, 197, 290, 296–297
    • Soviet position, 145–153, 163, 166–168, 231, 250
    • territorial waters issue, 131
    • U.S. arms supplies for ROC, 97
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 98–99, 163, 455, 473–474
    • U.S. forces sent to Strait, 73–74
    • U.S. intelligence on, 113
    • U.S. military strategy, 48, 53–54, 55, 97, 143
    • U.S. public statements on, 74–75, 130, 161–162
    • U.S.–U.K. correspondence re, 144
    • U.S.–U.K. discussions re, 249–252, 552–553
  • Tibet problem, 771, 773n, 798
    • “independence for Tibet” option, 763
    • Indian support for rebels, 752
    • regional significance, 762
    • U.N. actions, 785, 789–790
    • U.S. military assistance for rebels, 768, 770, 808, 809
  • U.N. membership for PRC, 22, 723–724
  • Warsaw talks, 143, 144
• Eisenhower, Maj. John S. D., 142, 455, 474, 475, 494n, 497, 723, 753, 763n, 765n
• Elbrick, C. Burke, 102, 136n, 247
• Ellis, William A., 643
• Engen, Hans, 340–341
• Ethiopia, 588
• Evans, Allan, 713n
• Farley, Philip J, 115
• Felt, Adm. Harry D., 159, 188, 265, 330, 348, 478, 603n
  • China, People’s Republic of, U.S.–ROC overflights of, 494
  • infiltration of PRC by ROC forces, 657–658
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • nuclear actions by U.S., 80
    • resupply of islands, 114, 172, 255, 318
    • retaliation by ROC, 224, 254–256
    • Smoot’s summary report on, 502
    • Tan Islands, defense of, 282, 288
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 108–109, 145, 240, 241n, 336, 448, 473–474, 477
    • U.S. military strategy, 75, 79–80, 100
    • U.S. non-provocation policy, 483
  • Tan Islands, proposed evacuation of, 533–535
• FitzGerald, Desmond, 89, 656n, 657n, 660, 808
• Foster, William C., 479
• France, 30, 360, 786
• Freers, Edward L., 514
• Fujiyama, Aiichiro, 255
• Fulbright, J. William, 465
• Fuller, Leon W., 49
• Furnas, Howard E., 462n, 532–533
• Garcia, Carlos P., 377
• Gates, Thomas S., 667n, 689, 690, 691, 711, 770
• Geneva talks, U.S.–PRC, 310, 325, 492, 493
• Germany, Federal Republic of, 361
• Ghana, 139
• Gleason, S. Everett, 21, 51, 66, 208, 269, 318, 472, 543, 546, 559, 569, 662, 751, 755, 768, 770
• Gleysteen, Culver, 609n
• Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J., 48, 50, 73, 96n, 115, 125, 130n, 142n, 161, 296n, 381n, 494n, 552, 556, 583n, 752n, 758n, 771n, 773n
• Gray, Gordon, 47, 48, 52, 479, 687n, 689
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • uprisings against Communist government, U.S. policy re, 554, 555–556, 583, 589–590
    • U.S. policy statement on, proposed, 512–513, 516
  • Hong Kong, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 602
  • Soviet Union, U.S. war planning re, 547
  • Tibet problem, 768, 770, 808–809
• Green, Marshall, 35n, 59–60, 115n, 159, 172n, 186n, 198n, 229n, 241n, 272n, 274n, 326n, 329n, 337n, 349n, 397n, 413n, 426n, 479n, 489, 491n, 518n, 519n, 532-533, 561, 571–572, 581n, 583, 591–593, 609n, 792n
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 221–224
• Green, Theodore Francis, 324n, 374–378
• Greene, Joseph N., Jr., 1, 115n, 130, 161n, 197–198, 266n, 278n, 286n, 323n, 346n, 430n, 433n, 437n, 440–442
• Gromyko, Andrei, 217, 277, 279, 595
• Gross, Ernest A., 789n, 790, 791, 792, 798, 799
• Gruenther, Gen. Alfred M., 756, 762
• Gubanov (USSR), 341
• Gundersen (Norway), 347
• Gyalo Thondup, 763, 771, 789n, 793, 806
  • Tibet problem:
    • ROC–Tibetan discussions re, 802–803
    • U.N. actions, 790–792, 812–813
    • U.S.–Tibetan discussions re, 797–800
• Hager, Eric H., 621n
• Hagerty, James C., 143, 252, 653n
• Halla, P. J., 667n
• Hammarskjöld, Dag276, 280, 286–287, 341, 783n, 799
• Hansen, Krogh, 340–341
• Haraldson, Wesley C., 643, 644, 645, 648, 649
• Harlow, Bryce N., 142n
• Harr, Karl G., Jr., 17, 18, 558, 688–689
• Harriman, W. Averell, 565, 568
• Hart, Parker T., 754n, 806n
• Hayward, Vice Adm. John T., 197–198, 282–283
• Henderson, Loy, 113n
• Herter, Christian A., 17, 18, 57n, 89–90, 121, 221n, 282, 399n, 600n, 609n, 713n, 723
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • downfall of Communist government, Chiang’s plan for, 748n
    • Harriman’s proposed visit, 565
    • India, border dispute with, 628
    • nuclear capability, 691
    • paratrooper capabilities, 547–548
    • uprisings against Communist government, U.S. policy re, 518, 555
    • U.S. policy statement on, proposed, 512, 516–518
    • U.S. prisoners in, 491–493
    • U.S. recognition issue, 605
    • U.S.–ROC overflights of, 494n
    • “use of force” issue, 491, 596, 598, 621–622
  • China, Republic of, 22, 367–368, 545–546, 689
  • Dulles visit to ROC (Oct. 1958), 412
  • infiltration of PRC by ROC forces, 4–5
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area, 695, 699–701, 705
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 593, 720, 730, 743
    • ideological debates, 690
    • “partial responsibility” doctrine re Soviet Union, 604–605, 609, 622, 629, 637
    • U.S.–Soviet discussions re, 35
  • Soviet Union, U.S. war planning re, 544, 547
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 87
    • “attack on islands as attack on ROC” issue, 55
    • cease-fire (Oct. 6–20), 335, 338–339, 433–436
    • cease-fire proposal (Sept. 16–22), 200, 207–208, 229
    • cease-fire proposal (Sept. 28–Oct. 3), 293–296, 323–325
    • invasion of islands, possible, 117, 323
    • PRC intentions, 105
    • PRC military build-up, 43
    • propaganda war, 93, 99, 105
    • retaliation by ROC, 274–275
    • ROC withdrawal from islands, proposed, 353
    • Tan Islands, defense of, 350
    • territorial waters issue, 434–436
    • third-party approaches to PRC, 104, 326–327
    • U.N. actions, 105, 275
    • U.S. arms supplies for ROC, 92
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 90, 91, 95, 98, 119, 329, 330, 337, 370–371, 413
    • U.S. forces sent to Strait, 73–74
    • U.S. military strategy, 47, 53, 54
    • U.S. public statements on, 74–75
    • U.S.–U.K. discussions re, 102–105, 553
    • U.S. warnings to PRC, 56–57, 88–89
    • U.S. withdrawal/PRC takeover option, 229–230, 325–326
  • Tibet problem, 765, 772–773
    • “independence for Tibet” option, 792, 795n, 806–807, 809–810, 811, 813
    • media coverage in U.S., 756
    • ROC exploitation efforts, 754
    • U.N. actions, 754, 774, 782, 785–787, 789–790, 791n, 796, 810–811, 812–813
    • U.S. military assistance for rebels, 756, 808
  • U.N. membership for PRC, 605
  • Warsaw talks:
    • instructions for Beam, 198–199, 200, 229–230, 291–296, 324–326, 433–437, 491–493, 621–622
    • preliminary arrangements, 61
    • U.S. criticism of PRC record, 292
    • U.S. intentions, 274
    • U.S. long-term strategy, 323–324
    • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 207–208
• Herter Doctrine. See “partial responsibility” doctrine re Soviet Union under Sino-Soviet relations.
• Ho Chi Minh, 714
• Holdridge, John H., 792n
• Holmes (Canada), 339
• Home, Lord, 723
• Hong Kong, 269, 667–675
• Hood, Viscount, 103, 104–105, 139n, 141n, 144n, 357, 408, 781–782
• Ho-tung, Sir Robert, 464
• Howe, Fisher, 46n, 67n, 247
• Hsu Shao-chang, 291, 498, 732
• Huang Hua, 409, 532
• Huang Shao-ku, 70, 154n, 239, 319, 331, 461, 464, 563, 570, 754n
  • China, People’s Republic of, U.S.–ROC overflights of, 573
  • China, Republic of, 428–429, 571
  • Dulles visit to ROC (Oct. 1958), 421, 424, 437
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area, ROC troop reductions in, 454
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 570–571
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 106n, 160, 284, 285, 332–334, 339n
  • Warsaw talks, 183n
  • Wong’s demotion, 570
• Hu Lien, Gen., 112, 182, 289, 348
• Hull, Gen. John E., 529
• Hunsberger, Warren A., 643
• India, 710
  • China, People’s Republic of, relations with and border dispute, 587, 628–629, 664–665, 757, 784, 798
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 139, 276, 278–279, 316–317, 318, 322, 326–327, 490
  • Tibet problem, 751
    • asylum for Dalai Lama, 773–774
    • Eisenhower–Dalai Lama meeting, proposed, 804–805
    • government in exile, proposed, 797
    • “independence for Tibet” option, 764
    • Indian support for rebels, 752–753
    • PRC suzerainty issue, 759
    • refugee situation, 753, 761
    • regional significance, 762
    • U.N. actions, 775–776, 779, 780–781, 783
    • U.S. military assistance for rebels, 814
• Indonesia, 9
• Infiltration of PRC by ROC forces, 748
  • Chiang’s position, 12–14, 603–604, 618–620
  • failures of early 1950s, 19–20
  • paramilitary activities, proposed, 523–526, 562, 564, 656–662
  • PRC response, 41
  • ROC “use of force” policy and, 642
  • study of options, 15, 20
  • training for troops, 4–5, 20n
  • U.S. policy re, 14–15, 633–636, 642
  • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 11–12, 641–642, 651–652
  • U.S.–ROC Mutual Defense Treaty and, 5, 13
• Intelligence Advisory Committee (IAC), 66
• International Commission of Jurists, 776
• Iraq, 307, 552
• Ireland, 787–788
• Irwin, John N., II, 92, 282–283, 599, 732, 808
• Jackson, C. D., 50
• Japan, 9–10, 11, 217
  • Communist threat to, 678–679, 682–683
  • PRC, relations with, 26
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 106, 120, 376, 540
• Jenkins, Alfred leS., 750n
• Johnson, Robert H., 582, 709, 719, 729, 731
• Johnson, U. Alexis, 1, 184, 185, 192, 492, 493
• Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS):
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area:
    • artillery for, 497–498
    • ROC troop reductions, 497–498
    • smaller islands, U.S. policy re, 559–561, 574–576, 599
    • Tan Islands, proposed evacuation of, 520n
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 402n
    • blockade of PRC, proposed, 284
    • nuclear actions by U.S., possible, 118, 120
    • retaliation by ROC, 254–256
    • ROC withdrawal from islands, proposed, 161
    • U.S. arms supplies for ROC, 68
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 108, 241n, 282–284
    • U.S. military strategy, 59–60, 75–76, 79, 100–102, 125–126, 143
    • U.S. warnings to PRC, 56–57
  • Tibet problem, 561, 769
• Jones, Howard P., 7n
• Kahmann, William M., 447n, 509n, 599n, 627n, 633n
• Kennedy, John F., 706
• Kerrigan, William, 297
• Khamba tribesmen, 556
• Khrushchev, Nikita S., 220, 370, 582, 681
  • China, People’s Republic of (see also Sino-Soviet relations below):
    • use of force against ROC, U.S.–Soviet exchanges re, 595–598, 600, 606–609
    • visit to, 39, 43
  • Dulles’ assessment of, 302–303
  • Eisenhower, correspondence with, 145–153, 166–168, 231–238, 247–248, 600–601, 606–609
  • Eisenhower, meetings with, 595–598
  • Korea, 150
  • Mao and, 616, 617
  • Paris Summit Conference (1960), 677–678, 679–680
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 36–37, 568, 602, 604, 614–615, 616–617, 640, 676, 690–691, 713–714, 719, 721, 729–730, 731, 742–743
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 145–153, 166, 231–238, 385
  • U.N. membership for PRC, 146, 152
  • Warsaw talks, 237–238
• Kirk, Roger, 692n
• Kishi, Nobusuke, 376
• Kissinger, Henry A., 538
• Kivette, Adm., 319, 402
• Knight, Robert H., 574n
• Kohler, Foy D., 156, 565, 568, 595n, 609–610, 723
• Koht, Paul, 297, 298
• Koirala, B.P., 588
• Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, 9, 514
• Korea, Republic of, 150, 514, 589, 724–725
• Korean war, 309–310, 325
• Krebs, Max V., 197–198
• Kuh, Fred, 339
• Kuter, Gen. Laurence S., 296
• Kuznetsov, Vasili Vasilievich, 145n, 248, 788–789
• Lai Ming-tang, Gen., 635
• Lai Ya-li, 16, 184
• Lange, Halvard, 276–277, 297–299, 339, 348
• Lansdale, Col. Edward G., 656, 657, 659, 660 Laos, 202, 585
• Laskey, Denis, 216
• Lay, James S., Jr., 52n, 396, 590, 673n, 711
• Lei Chen, 724n, 725, 736
• LeMay, Gen. Curtis E., 154
• Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 559, 560–561, 769
• Li, K. T., 648
• Li Fu-ch’un, 715
• Li Teh-chuan, Madam, 492
• Liang, Adm., 178, 182
• Lincoln, Katherine F., 621n
• Lin Piao, 617
• Liu Chieh, 744
• Liu Ho-tu, Rear Adm., 288
• Liu Shao-chi, 562, 579, 617, 762
• Lloyd, Selwyn, 255, 316, 449
  • China, Republic of, 251, 490
  • Offshore islands/Taiwan Strait area, ROC troop reductions in, 402
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • five-power conference, proposed, 251
    • nuclear actions by U.S., possible, 252
    • regional significance, 279
    • Soviet position, 250, 279
    • third-party approaches to PRC, 280–281, 490
    • U.K. position, 164–166
    • U.S.–U.K. discussions re, 216–217, 249–252, 278–281, 553
  • Tibet problem, 782, 785–786
  • U.N. membership for PRC, 281, 646–648
• Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 270, 291, 305, 324n, 328, 354n, 468n, 479n, 482, 491n, 621n, 776
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 275, 276, 326, 347–348
  • Tibet problem, 790–792, 796
  • U.N. membership for PRC, 273n
• Lutkins, LaRue R., 6n, 27n, 31n, 34n, 35n, 38n, 44n, 61n, 87n, 89n, 102n, 115n, 155n, 168n, 198n, 267n, 274n, 324n, 397n, 408n, 410n, 433n, 491n, 550n, 558, 572, 581n, 732, 754n, 756n, 765n
• MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 676
• MacArthur, Douglas, II, 106, 120, 222
• MacDermot, D. F., 647
• MacDonald, Malcolm, 317, 490
• Macmillan, Harold, 127n, 166
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 136–142, 144, 175, 552–553
• Macomber, William B., 57, 68, 155, 374n, 399n
• Malaya, 139
• Malinovsky, Marshal Rodion, 677–678
• Mao Tse-tung (see also Sino-Soviet relations), 6, 37, 43, 201n, 202, 220, 466, 508, 521, 541, 579, 616, 617, 618, 630, 679, 710–711, 713–714, 721, 785
• Marcy, Carl, 374, 376, 377, 378
• Martin, Edwin W., 1, 16, 31, 32n, 179n, 186n, 198n, 207n, 229n, 253n, 267n, 274n, 291n, 322, 324n, 326n, 337n, 338n, 343n, 354n, 359n, 363n, 382n, 397n, 405n, 413n, 433n, 451n, 463n, 475n, 479n, 489, 491n, 498, 509n, 518n, 519n, 533n, 537n, 542–543, 545n, 574n, 591, 621n, 641n, 732, 734, 737, 750n, 760n, 765n, 769, 782n, 797n, 799, 800n, 801–802, 812n
• Martin, Graham, 614
• Massey, Cmdr., 174
• Mathews, Elbert G., 60
• McCann, Robert, 586
• McCaul, Gen., 768
• McCloy, John J., 290
• McCone, John A., 669, 730
• McElroy, Neil H., 55, 142, 260, 283n, 494n, 509n, 547, 574
  • Chiang, meeting with, 379–381, 389–390
  • China, People’s Republic of, 163, 569
  • infiltration of PRC by ROC forces, 603–604
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 221
    • invasion of islands, possible, 126
    • resupply of islands, 173, 174, 175
    • ROC restraint in patrolling operations, 374n
    • ROC withdrawal from islands, proposed, 161
    • third-party approaches to PRC, 127
    • U.S. military strategy, 125–126
    • U.S. public statements on, 149
  • Tibet problem, 756
• McIntosh, A. D., 302
• Meeker, Leonard C., 750n
• Mein, J. Gordon, 302n, 391n
• Mendès-France, Pierre, 568
• Menon, Krishna, 277, 279, 326–327, 781
• Menzies, R. Gordon, 180
• Merchant, Livingston T., 595n, 609n, 621n, 622n, 624n, 629n, 806n, 808
• Mikoyan, Anastas I., 514–515, 565
• Molotov, Vyacheslav, 678
• Morgan, George A., 591, 629n, 699n
• Morgan, Thomas E., 68n
• Mountbatten, Adm. Lord Louis, 410–411
• Mueller, Frederick H., 602, 667n
• Munro, Sir Leslie, 302n
• Murphy, Robert D., 56, 197, 351, 352, 367, 368, 369, 399n, 518, 558, 565n, 574n, 583n, 609n, 627n, 765n, 782n, 792n, 795n
  • China, People’s Republic of, U.S. naval patrols and, 581
  • Khrushchev’s letter to Eisenhower, rejection of, 247
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area, 560, 599
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 611
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 218–220
  • Tibet problem, 773n
    • “independence for Tibet” option, 806–807
    • refugee situation, 769
    • U.N. actions, 781–782
    • U.S.–Tibetan discussions re, 797–800
  • Warsaw talks, 7n
• Nash, Walter, 180, 302–304, 362
• National Intelligence Estimates (see also Special National Intelligence Estimates), 7
  • NIE10–58, 7–8
  • NIE13–2–59, 520–523
  • NIE13–2–60, 744–747
  • NIE13–58, 23–27
  • NIE13–59, 577–581
  • NIE13–60, 739–741
  • NIE43–59, 632–633
  • NIE100–2–60, 664–665
  • NIE100–3–60, 703–705
  • political opinions and, 3–4
• National Security Council (NSC):
  • documents:
    • NSC166/1, 517
    • NSC5412/2, 555n, 809n
    • NSC5429/5, 517
    • NSC5723, 590, 711–712
    • NSC5733, 688–690
    • NSC5810, 21–22
    • NSC5904/1, 543–544, 546–547
    • NSC5906, 569
    • NSC5913/1, 588–590
    • NSC6007/1, 673–675
  • meetings, 18n
    • 364th, May 2, 1958, 21–22
    • 375th, Aug. 7, 1958, 42–43
    • 376th, Aug. 14, 1958, 51–55
    • 377th, Aug. 21, 1958, 66
    • 378th, Aug. 27, 1958, 86–87
    • 379th, Sept. 18, 1958, 208–209
    • 380th, Sept. 25, 1958, 269–270
    • 381st, Oct. 2, 1958, 318
    • 382d, Oct. 13, 1958, 396
    • 384th, Oct. 30, 1959, 470–472
    • 391st, Dec. 18, 1958, 508
    • 392d, Dec. 23, 1958, 508
    • 398th, Mar. 5, 1959, 543–544
    • 399th, Mar. 12, 1959, 546–548
    • 400th, Mar. 26, 1959, 751–752
    • 403d, Apr. 23, 1959, 755–756
    • 404th, Apr. 30, 1959, 762
    • 409th, June 4, 1959, 770
    • 412th, July 9, 1959, 569
    • 415th, July 30, 1959, 773–774
    • 417th, Aug. 18, 1959, 582
    • 418th, Sept. 10, 1959, 784–785
    • 419th, Sept. 17, 1959, 588–590
    • 420th, Oct. 1, 1959, 602
    • 428th, Dec. 10, 1959, 639–640
    • 442d, Apr. 28, 1960, 662–663
    • 447th, June 8, 1960, 667–672
    • 448th, June 22, 1960, 688–691
    • 456th, Aug. 18, 1960, 709–711
    • 458th, Sept. 7, 1960, 719–720
    • 464th, Oct. 20, 1960, 729–730
    • 466th, Nov. 7, 1960, 731
    • 469th, Dec. 8, 1960, 742–743
• Nehru, Pandit Jawaharlal, 6, 280, 630
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 327, 490
  • Tibet problem, 751, 762, 804–805
    • asylum for Dalai Lama, 773–774
    • “independence for Tibet” option, 771–772
    • U.N. actions, 779, 783, 786
• Nepal, 588
• Netherlands, 361
• Newlin, Michael H., 810n
• New Zealand, 140, 180, 302–304, 360, 362
• Ni, Vice Adm., 255
• Nielsen, Sievert Andreas, 275–278, 297, 339–341, 347–348
• Nixon, Richard M., 53, 55, 568, 640, 670–671, 689, 690, 691, 695n, 756
• Nong Kimny, 201
• Norodom Sihanouk, 201–203
• Norway, 275–278, 297–299, 339–341, 347–348
• Nuclear-free zone proposal (see also Disarmament), 729, 733–734
• Nuclear weapons (see also under Taiwan Strait crisis):
  • PRC’s nuclear capability, 579–580, 691, 740, 746
  • Sino-Soviet relationship and, 36, 579–580, 691
  • U.N. membership for PRC and, 723–724
  • U.S. placement of weapons in ROC, 509–510
  • U.S. use against PRC, possible, 569
• O’Connor, Jeremiah J., 558
• Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area (see also Taiwan Strait crisis):
  • artillery for, 427, 433, 454–455, 484–486, 497–498, 560–561
  • Communist rule, islanders’ rejection of, 395
  • constructive suggestions from PRC, U.S. request for, 397–398
  • defensive orientation for, 403–404
  • neutralization under U.N. auspices, proposed, 275–278
  • political warfare by PRC, 383–384
  • PRC attacks on islands, U.S. planning re, 709n, 717–718
  • PRC intentions and courses of action, 548–550
  • PRC military build-up in 1960, 663, 672, 688–689
  • ROC loss of islands, possible consequences of, 439, 717–718
  • ROC troop reductions, 471, 561, 707–708
    • Dulles’ expectations, 445
    • failures re, 550–552
    • “free China” image of ROC and, 416–417, 425
    • plans for, 426–427
    • ROC position, 389–390
    • Smoot’s position, 403
    • U.K. position, 402
    • U.S. discussions, 363–371, 381–382
    • U.S. policy, 497–498
    • U.S.–ROC discussions, 384, 385–388, 439–440, 454–455, 485–486
    • U.S.–U.K. discussions, 553
  • ROC withdrawal, proposed, 692–694, 695–698, 706–707
  • smaller islands, U.S. policy re, 559–561, 574–576, 599
  • Soviet policy, 717
  • Tan Islands (see also smaller islands above), 519–520, 524, 533–535, 537–538
  • U.K. policy, 408–409
  • U.S. commitment to defense of islands, 699–701, 705–709
  • U.S. naval patrols, 627–628
  • U.S. policy review, 532–533
• Operations Coordinating Board (OCB), 17–18, 557–558, 688–689, 711
• Osborn, David L., 496–497, 527–528, 613n
• O’Sullivan, James L., 201
• Outer Mongolia, 677–678
• Overseas Chinese, 17, 463–464, 465, 498–499, 688, 712
• Pakistan, 139, 762
• Panchen Lama, 758, 798
• Paris Summit Conference (1960), 677–678, 679–680
• Parker, Rear Adm. Edward N., 488
• Parrott, Thomas J., 555–556
• Parsons, J. Graham, 59, 73n, 96n, 115, 125, 155n, 198n, 200n, 207n, 208n, 221n, 229n, 253n, 323n, 324n, 329, 337n, 338n, 354n, 357n, 397n, 405n, 413n, 433n, 447, 475n, 479n, 515n, 519n, 532n, 533n, 586n, 599n, 609n, 621n, 627n, 629n, 747n, 782n, 806n
  • China, People’s Republic of, 571, 583–585, 687n
  • China, Republic of:
    • paratroop units, 641–642
    • political situation, 736–738
    • U.S. military assistance, 489
    • U.S. military forces in, 732
    • visit to (May 1959), 561–564
  • infiltration of PRC by ROC forces, 633–636, 641–642, 658
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area, 695–698, 705–709
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 622–624, 637–638
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 87–88, 92, 94–96
  • Tibet problem:
    • “independence for Tibet” option, 792–795, 800–801
    • U.N. actions, 774–777
    • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 800–803
  • U.N. membership for PRC, 646–648, 749–750
• Parthasarathi, 317
• Pate, Gen. Randolph McC., 319
• Peng Meng-chi, 570
• Peng Te-huai, 329n, 451n, 466
• People’s Republic of China (PRC). See China, People’s Republic of.
• Philippines, 377, 776–777
• Phleger, Herman V., 200n
• Picher, Maj. Gen. OliverS., 488
• Plimsoll, J., 391
• Porter, Dwight J., 559n
• PRC. See China, People’s Republic of.
• Proctor, Carolyn J., 196
• Quarles, Donald, 47, 54, 368, 494n, 555
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 74, 75
    • cease-fire (Oct. 6–20), 369
    • invasion of islands, possible, 126, 366
    • propaganda war, 93
    • retaliation by ROC, 95–96
    • Tan Islands, defense of, 369
    • U.S. arms supplies for ROC, 92
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95
    • U.S. military strategy, 93, 95, 96–97
• Quemoy and Matsu crisis. See Taiwan Strait crisis.
• Radford, Adm. Arthur, 20, 534, 537–538, 706
• Rankin, Karl L., 2–4, 20
• Red Cross, 492, 493, 495, 756
• Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 8, 163n, 200n, 216n, 324n, 354n, 399n, 402n, 433n, 487
• Republic of China (ROC). See China, Republic of.
• Rhee, Syngman, 150, 724–725
• Rice, Edward E., 629n, 695n, 698n
• Richards, Arthur L., 17–18
• Rinchen Sadutshang, 812
• Riley, Vice Adm. Herbert D., 188, 224
• Robertson, Walter S., 31n, 34n, 38n, 56, 61n, 125, 136n, 178, 179n, 186n, 198n, 200n, 207n, 229n, 239, 243, 267n, 274n, 291n, 293n, 302, 315n, 323n, 326n, 338n, 346n, 354n, 362, 384, 399n, 405n, 408, 412, 449n, 451n, 467n, 475n, 479n, 484n, 490n, 491n, 509n, 516n, 561, 562n, 563, 706, 732, 754n
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • “division of U.S.–ROC alliance” strategy, 392
    • uprising against Communist government, U.S. policy re, 518n
    • U.S. prisoners in, 6
  • China, Republic of:
    • coordination of U.S. programs, 2
    • OCB meeting on, 558
    • Taiwanese-mainlander relations, 396
    • U.S. economic assistance, 465–466
    • U.S. military assistance, 45, 368
    • “use of force” policy, 463–465, 467, 498–500, 545
  • Dulles visit to ROC (Oct. 1958), 388, 421, 424, 426, 430, 437
  • infiltration of PRC by ROC forces, 19–20
  • Japan, 10
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area:
    • Communist rule, islanders’ rejection of, 395
    • ROC troop reductions, 369, 386–388, 550–551
    • smaller islands, U.S. policy on, 559, 560
    • Tan Islands, proposed evacuation of, 519, 537–538
    • U.S. policy review, 532
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 35–37
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • “attack on islands as attack on ROC” issue, 45–46, 65
    • cease-fire (Oct. 6–20), 343–345
    • demilitarization option, 157
    • nuclear actions by U.S., 64
    • PRC military build-up, 44–45
    • resupply of islands, 173, 174
    • retaliation by ROC, 182, 183
    • ROC concentration of forces issue, 181
    • ROC political use of islands, 69
    • ROC withdrawal from islands, proposed, 351, 352, 353, 393
    • Tan Islands, defense of, 291, 350
    • third-party approaches to PRC, 201–203
    • U.S. defense of islands under all circumstances, 62–65
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 244, 337, 343–344, 345
    • U.S.–ROC cooperation, 253–254
    • U.S. warnings to PRC, 62, 65
  • Tibet problem:
    • “independence for Tibet” option, 757–758, 760–761, 765–767, 769
    • India–PRC border dispute and, 757
    • refugee situation, 761
    • U.N. actions, 766, 767
  • U.N. membership for PRC, 605
  • Warsaw talks, 180, 190, 191, 209, 394
    • Beam’s reports, 218
    • informal meetings, proposed, 542–543
    • preliminary arrangements, 1, 6–7, 155–156, 185n
    • provocative actions issue, 159
• ROC. See China, Republic of.
• Rosen, Arthur H., 586n, 736n
• Rountree, William M., 216, 765n
• Rusk, Dean, 749
• Russell, Adm. James S., 559, 768
• Ryerson, Edward, 163
• Saccio, Leonard J., 643
• Scott, Joseph W., 687n, 765n
• Scott, Sir Robert, 279, 490n
• Scribner, Fred C., Jr., 18, 670
• Service, Richard M., 621n
• Shao-Chang Hsu, 343
• Shao-Hwa Tan, 179
• Sharp, Rear Adm. U.S.G., 483n
• Shelton, Dr. Otis N., 488
• Shen, James, 8, 321n, 332, 379n
• Sino-Soviet relations:
  • Chiang’s assessment of, 562, 676–679
  • economic assistance for PRC, 722
  • Eisenhower’s assessment of, 679–680
  • ideological debates, 662–663, 690–691
  • intelligence reports on, 25, 580, 703–705, 713–715, 740–741
  • interdependence in, 37
  • Khrushchev’s visit to Peiping (1958), 39, 43
  • missiles for PRC, 568, 570–571, 579–580
  • nuclear power assistance for PRC, 747
  • nuclear weapons issue, 36, 579–580, 691
  • Outer Mongolia and, 677–678
  • “partial responsibility” doctrine re Soviet Union:
    • Chiang’s assessment of, 614–615
    • Herter’s comments on, 604–605
    • Parsons’ assessment of, 622–624, 637–638
    • Sino-Soviet attitude toward, 612–613
    • Smith’s assessment of, 629–631
    • two-edged nature of, 631
    • U.S. policy re, 609–610
  • rift in relationship:
    • assassination of Mao, possible, 710–711
    • causes of tension, 593–594, 704, 719, 721–723
    • Chiang’s assessment of, 615–616
    • diplomatic issues, 602
    • evidence of, 640, 709–710, 713–715, 719–720, 723, 729–730
    • PRC military response, possible, 711
    • resolution of dispute, attempts at, 720, 731, 742–743
    • Thompson’s assessment of, 35–37, 721–723
    • U.S. exploitation of, 513, 611–613, 743
  • U.N. membership for PRC and, 730
  • uprisings in PRC and, 584
  • U.S.–Soviet discussions re, 35–37, 479, 568
  • war/peaceful coexistence issue, 663, 714, 722
  • Wilson’s assessment of, 591–592
• Sisco, Joseph J., 326n, 774n
• Smirnovsky, Mikhail N., 606n
• Smith, Gerard C., 18, 49, 56, 399n, 695n, 698n
  • China, People’s Republic of, 462–463
  • Sino-Soviet relations, 629–631
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • cease-fire (Oct. 6–20), 349–350
    • general war, danger of, 57–59
    • nuclear actions by U.S., possible, 122–123, 487–488
    • PRC intentions, 124
    • ROC withdrawal from islands, proposed, 352, 353
    • U.S. military strategy, 124
• Smith, Sidney, 31
• Smoot, Vice Adm. Roland N., 38n, 265, 319, 533, 662
  • China, People’s Republic of, U.S.–ROC overflights of, 572–573
  • China, Republic of:
    • military exercises with U.S. troops, 447n
    • modernization of armed forces, 496–497
    • Special Forces, 22n
    • U.S. military assistance, 40
  • Dulles visit to ROC (Oct. 1958), 426
  • military confrontations between Chinas, 39–40, 154
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area:
    • artillery for, 484
    • defensive orientation for, 403–404
    • ROC troop reductions, 454
    • Tan Islands, 520n, 524
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 70, 71–72
    • “attack on islands as attack on ROC” issue, 46
    • interdiction of islands, 77, 78
    • nuclear actions by U.S., 448–449
    • PRC military build-up, 47n
    • propaganda war, 188–189
    • resupply of islands, 114–115, 178, 189, 285, 300, 342, 348–349, 402–403, 478
    • retaliation by ROC, 128–129, 224–225, 227
    • ROC restraint in patrolling operations, 374
    • summary report on, 502–507
    • Tan Islands, defense of, 282, 288–289, 353, 370n, 371
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 240–241, 330, 331, 336n, 339n, 412, 427, 448
    • U.S. intelligence on, 189–190
    • U.S. military strategy, 107–108
    • U.S. naval patrols, 342
    • U.S. prestige issue, 225
    • U.S. public statements on, 149
    • U.S.–ROC cooperation, 507
  • Warsaw talks, 188
• Snow, Edgar, 695
• Sobolev, Arkady A., 297
• Soldatov, Aleksandr, 595
• Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B., 410–411
• South Africa, 140
• Soviet Union (see also Khrushchev, Nikita S.):
  • China, People’s Republic of (see also Sino-Soviet relations):
    • India, border dispute with, 784
    • use of force against ROC, U.S.–Soviet exchanges re, 595–598, 600–601, 606–609
  • Communist leaders’ meeting (Dec. 1960), 742–743
  • Korea policy, 150, 514
  • Offshore islands/Taiwan Strait area, policy re, 717
  • Paris Summit Conference (1960), 677–678, 679–680
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 145–153, 163, 166–168, 231–238, 243–244, 250, 270, 279, 385, 457
    • third-party approaches to PRC, 277
    • U.N. actions, 341
    • U.S. estimates of Soviet intentions, 205–206
  • Tibet problem, 779, 781, 788–789
  • U.N. membership for PRC, 146, 152, 730
  • U.S. war planning re, 544, 546–547
  • Warsaw talks, 237–238
  • Western Pacific, U.S. policy re, 514–515
• Spaak, Paul-Henri, 362
• Special National Intelligence Estimates (see also National Intelligence Estimates), 7
  • SNIE43–60, 717–718
  • SNIE100–4–59, 548–550
  • SNIE100–7–58, 32
  • SNIE100–9–58, 81–82
  • SNIE100–11–58, 203–207
  • SNIE100–12–58, 456–461
• Sprague, Mansfield B., 174, 245, 246, 509n
• Steeves, John M., 159, 478, 621n, 627n, 724, 806n
• Stilwell, Lt. Gen. Joseph W., 410–411
• Strong, Anna Louise, 541
• Stump, Adm. Felix B., 8, 39
• Sullivan, William H., 750n
• Sun, Patrick Pichi, 498n
• Suslov, Mikhail A., 713
• Swank, Emory C., 747n
• Taiwan Strait crisis:
  • allies’ position, 127, 162, 180–181
  • “attack on islands as attack on ROC” issue, 45–46, 50–51, 54, 55, 65, 71
  • blockade of PRC, proposed, 197–198, 284
  • casualties, 116, 181, 219
  • cease-fire (Oct. 6–20):
    • announcement of, 329n
    • Drumright’s position, 331, 333–334
    • extension of, 354–355, 375, 382–383, 466
    • foreshadowings of, 331
    • PRC position, 347, 373, 466
    • ROC position, 330–331, 332–334
    • termination of, 369–371, 411–412, 420, 433–436
    • U.S. position, 335, 338–339, 349–350
    • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 343–345
  • cease-fire, Drumright’s suggestion re, 106–107
  • cease-fire proposal (Sept. 16–22), 200, 207–208, 209–216, 223, 229, 258–264
  • cease-fire proposal (Sept. 28–Oct. 3), 293–296, 300, 306–307, 311, 312, 313–314, 323–325, 328, 407
  • chemical weapons, alleged ROC use of, 480, 482
  • Chiang’s political concerns, 112, 144
  • civilian disappearances, 501, 512, 653
  • commercial shipping, impact on, 303–304, 371
  • Congressional interest in, 378
  • demilitarization option, 141, 157–158, 216–217, 226–227
  • Dulles–Chiang discussions re, 422, 430–433
  • Dulles–Hammarskjöld discussion re, 286–287
  • Eisenhower–Chiang correspondence re, 115n
  • five-power conference, proposed, 251
  • general war, danger of, 57–59, 273, 322
  • Hong Kong, impact on, 269
  • interdiction of islands, 77–78, 83–84, 208–209
  • international opinion on, 245, 267, 285
  • invasion of islands, possible, 117–118, 126, 323, 366
  • islands under attack, 73
  • Japanese position, 376, 540
  • lessons from crisis, U.S. report on, 538–542
  • negotiations re, see Warsaw talks
  • nuclear actions by U.S., possible, 32, 47, 56, 58, 74, 130, 138
    • estimates on effects and casualties, 487–488
    • Felt’s position, 80
    • international response, 120, 122–123, 133, 222
    • JCS position, 118, 120
    • military consequences, 123
    • Robertson’s position, 64
    • ROC position, 431–432
    • Soviet position, 149, 235–236
    • U.K. position, 252
    • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 448–449
  • Philippine position, 377
  • “policing of vacated islands” option, 352
  • PRC expenditures on, 365–366
  • PRC–Indian discussions re, 316–317, 318, 322
  • PRC intentions, 41, 105, 110, 124, 131–132, 203–207, 219–220, 242–243, 375–376, 449–450, 456–459, 521, 539–540
  • PRC military build-up, 34, 38–39, 41, 42–43, 44–45, 47n, 66, 86–87, 116
  • propaganda war, 93, 99, 101n, 105, 134–135, 188–189
  • provocative actions, PRC views on, 353, 355, 356, 373
  • psychological importance of islands, 57–58, 219
  • regional significance, 119–120, 133, 137, 170–171, 245, 279, 540
  • resumption of hostilities, possible, 580–581, 699
  • resupply of islands (see also U.S. escorts for supply convoys below), 114–115, 116–117, 220, 255, 300, 342, 478
    • airdrops, 284
    • military outcome, relation to, 266–267
    • needs of island troops, 272
    • ROC panic re, 402–403
    • ROC performance, 172–175, 178, 182, 285
    • status reports, 189, 318, 348–349, 382, 396
    • U.S. direct participation, proposed, 178–179, 284–285
  • retaliation by ROC, 113, 228
    • “hot pursuit” issue, 97, 129
    • JCS position, 254–256
    • likelihood of actions, U.S. assessment of, 270
    • PRC Air Force as target of, 128–129
    • ROC position, 84–86, 88, 95–96, 109–110, 111–113, 179, 182–183, 224–225, 226, 227, 239–240, 265–266, 299–300
    • U.S. position, 117, 183, 244, 274–275
    • U.S.–ROC consultations re, 70–71, 109–111, 128–129, 299–300
  • ROC concentration of forces, 181–182, 219, 267, 356
  • “ROC initiation of hostilities” rumor, 280
  • ROC political use of islands, 69–70, 157, 162, 169
  • ROC position and courses of action, 459–461
  • ROC restraint in patrolling operations, 374
  • ROC withdrawal from islands, proposed, 180, 290
    • Dulles’ statements on, 301, 315–316, 393
    • ROC position, 227, 319–321
    • U.K. position, 165
    • U.S. discussions re, 161, 197, 296–297, 350–353
  • shelling of islands, 69, 71, 72, 83, 86, 155, 411–412
    • every-other-day shellings, 448n, 451, 480, 511
    • Smoot’s summary report on, 502–507
    • Soviet position, 145–153, 163, 205–206, 231–238, 270, 279, 385, 457
    • U.S. attitude toward, 166–168, 243–244
    • U.S.–U.K. discussion re, 250
  • Tan Islands, defense of, 282, 288–289, 291, 350, 353, 369–370, 371–372
  • territorial waters issue, 131, 140, 434–436, 437n, 453, 482
  • third-party approaches to PRC:
    • Cambodia’s mediation offer, 201–203
    • Dulles’ attitude toward, 127, 170, 357–358
    • India’s possible role, 279, 316–317, 326–327
    • Norway’s efforts, 275–278, 339–341, 347–348
    • U.K.’s possible role, 177
    • U.S.–U.K. communications re, 104, 278–279, 280–281, 490
  • U.K. position, 102–103, 127n, 139–142, 164–166
  • U.N. actions, 165, 173, 180, 217
    • Dulles–Hammarskjöld discussion re, 287
    • Green’s attitude toward, 223–224
    • Japanese proposals, 106n
    • PRC position, 396, 397
    • Soviet position, 341
    • U.K. position, 140–141
    • U.S.–Norway discussion re, 297–299
    • U.S. position, 246–247, 273, 275, 280
    • U.S.–U.K. discussion re, 105
  • U.N. Charter issue, 308–309
  • U.S. arms supplies for ROC, 68, 76, 92, 97, 100–101
  • U.S.–Australia discussion re, 391–396
  • U.S. defense of islands under all circumstances, 62–65
  • U.S. escorts for supply convoys:
    • attacks on ships, U.S. response to, 116, 119, 240–241
    • emergency situations, plan for, 455
    • Felt’s position, 108–109
    • increased U.S. participation, possible, 282–284
    • instructions for Felt, 76, 473–474, 477
    • instructions for Smoot, 121–122
    • PRC protests, 163
    • provocative actions, avoidance of, 145
    • resumption of, 420, 427, 448
    • ROC assessment of, 179
    • suspension of, 329–330, 331, 333–334, 336, 337, 339n, 343–344, 345, 355, 370–371, 412, 413
    • U.S. discussions re, 75, 90–93, 94–95, 98–99, 244–245
  • U.S. expenditures on, 245
  • U.S. forces sent to Strait, 73–74, 76
  • U.S. intelligence on, 81–82, 113, 116, 117, 189–190, 203–207, 375, 456–461
  • U.S. military strategy (see also nuclear actions by U.S. above):
    • contingency planning, 47, 48, 52–55, 59–60, 67–68, 92, 93, 94–95, 96–97, 118
    • conventional forces, focus on, 119, 124
    • emergency powers for JCS, 143
    • Felt’s position, 79–80
    • instructions for Felt, 75–76, 100–102
    • JCS position, 125–126
    • ROC attitude toward, 107–108
  • U.S. naval patrols, 342
  • U.S.–New Zealand discussion re, 302–304
  • U.S. non-provocation policy, 483–484
  • U.S. prestige issue, 225, 228, 303
  • U.S. public statements on, 74–75, 130, 134–136, 149, 161–162, 273n, 301, 393
  • U.S.–ROC cooperation, 159–160, 253–254, 507
  • U.S. summary report on, 131–134
  • U.S.–U.K. correspondence re, 136–142, 144, 164–166, 175–177
  • U.S.–U.K. discussions re, 102–105, 168–171, 216–217, 249–252, 272–273, 278–281, 552–553
  • U.S. warnings to PRC, 56–57, 62, 65, 72, 78, 88–89
  • U.S. withdrawal/PRC takeover option:
    • negotiations on, 193–196, 209–216, 262–264, 500
    • PRC proposal, 190–191, 257, 511
    • Soviet position, 238
    • U.S. position, 229–230, 268, 325–326, 397–398, 436–437
• Tan, S. Y., 219
• Taylor, Henry N., 706
• Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 115–116, 117, 118, 119, 120–121, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 426n, 427
• Teng Hsiao-ping, 617
• Thompson, Llewellyn S., 35–37, 513, 595, 721–723, 743
• Thondup. See Gyalo Thondup.
• Tibet problem, 7
  • asylum for Dalai Lama, 772, 773–774
  • Eisenhower–Dalai Lama meeting, proposed, 804–805
  • fighting in Tibet, 751, 762, 803
  • government in exile, proposed, 797
  • “independence for Tibet” option:
    • Dalai Lama’s four-point proposal, 771–772
    • Dalai Lama’s position, 770, 779
    • ROC position, 760–761, 802–803
    • Tibetan request for recognition, 763
    • U.S. position, 763–767, 769, 775, 792–795, 800–801, 802, 806–807, 811, 813
    • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 757–758
    • U.S.–Tibetan exchange of letters, 809–810
  • India–PRC border dispute and, 757, 798
  • Indian support for rebels, 752–753
  • legal opinions on, 776
  • media coverage in U.S., 756
  • military government in Tibet, 798–799
  • PRC attitude toward, 785
  • PRC suzerainty issue, 758–759
  • PRC’s foreign relations, impact on, 587–588
  • refugee situation, 753, 761, 769, 799
  • regional significance, 762
  • ROC exploitation efforts, 562, 751, 754
  • ROC–Tibetan discussions re, 802–803
  • Soviet response, 779, 781
  • U.N. actions:
    • allies’ discussions re, 785–787
    • French policy, 786
    • human rights focus, 778, 791
    • Indian policy, 775–776, 779, 780–781, 783
    • resolution on Tibet, 787–788, 796
    • ROC policy, 776
    • Soviet policy, 788–789
    • Tibetan assessment of, 798–799
    • U.K. policy, 782, 786, 788–789, 796
    • U.S. policy, 754, 766, 767, 772–773, 774–777, 781–782, 783–785, 789–790, 810–811
    • U.S.–Tibetan discussions re, 777–780, 782–784, 790–792, 812–813
  • U.N. membership for PRC and, 779–780
  • U.S. military assistance for rebels, 561, 755–756, 768, 770, 801–802, 808–809, 814
  • U.S. public position, 752
  • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 800–803
  • U.S.–Tibetan discussions re, 797–800
• Troyanovsky, Aleksandr A., 595
• Truman, Harry S, 308, 325
• Tsao Chu-jen, 331
• Tsepon Shakapa, 779
• Tsiang, T. F., 754, 801
• Tunisia, 588
• Twining, Gen. Nathan F., 67, 248, 283n, 368, 405n, 509n
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • paratrooper capabilities, 548
    • uprisings against Communist government, U.S. policy re, 589
    • U.S.–ROC overflights of, 163, 475, 494n
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area:
    • ROC troop reductions, 363–364, 367, 369, 381–382, 561
    • smaller islands, U.S. policy on, 560, 561
  • Soviet Union, U.S. war planning re, 544
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 74
    • invasion of islands, possible, 126
    • nuclear actions by U.S., possible, 118, 120
    • PRC intentions, 242, 243
    • resupply of islands, 172–173, 174, 175, 318, 382
    • retaliation by ROC, 244
    • ROC withdrawal from islands, proposed, 296–297
    • U.N. actions, 246
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 98, 119, 121–122, 455, 473–474
    • U.S. military strategy, 48, 52, 53, 54, 125, 143
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union.
• United Kingdom (see also Hong Kong):
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area, 402, 408–409
  • Taiwan Strait crisis, 102–105, 127n, 136–142, 144, 164–166, 175–177, 216–217, 249–252, 278–279, 280–281, 490, 552–553
  • Tibet problem:
    • PRC suzerainty issue, 759
    • U.N. actions, 782, 786, 788–789, 796
    • U.N. membership for PRC, 21, 165, 281, 646–648, 723–724
  • Warsaw talks, 165–166
• United Nations (see also U.N. membership for PRC; U.N. subheadings under Taiwan Strait crisis and under Tibet problem):
  • G.A. Resolution 1353 (XIV) on Tibet, 796n
  • G.A. Resolution 1493 (XV) on Chinese representation, 749n
• U.N. membership for PRC:
  • admission of PRC, U.S. proposal re, 750n
  • international support for PRC, 360
  • “new member” approach, 437–438
  • nuclear inspection issue, 723–724
  • Soviet position, 146, 152, 730
  • Tibet problem and, 779–780
  • U.K. position, 165
  • U.N. debate on, 273n
  • U.S. change of administration and, 749–750
  • U.S. policy, 21–22, 281, 605, 724
  • U.S.–U.K. discussions re, 281, 646–648, 723–724
• Vietnam, Republic of, 137
• Wadsworth, James J., 275n, 788–789
• Wagner, Father, 492–493
• Walmsley, Walter N., 754n, 765n, 774–777
• Walsh, James Edward, 493, 501, 512, 532, 554, 566, 577, 639, 651, 653, 654, 666
• Wang Ping-nan:
  • Geneva talks, 492, 493
  • Warsaw talks:
    • Beam’s appointment to, 32n
    • informal meetings, proposed, 542n
    • negotiating sessions, 193–195, 209–216, 257, 258–264, 270–271, 306–314, 328, 373, 406–407, 453, 482–483, 495, 500–501, 511–512, 531–532, 553–554, 566, 567, 576–577, 585–586, 625–626, 638–639, 650–651, 652–655, 665–666, 694–695, 715–716, 728–729, 733–734
    • personnel changes, 409n
    • PRC objectives, 190–191
    • preliminary arrangements, 1, 184–185
• Wang Shu-ming, Gen. (“Tiger” Wang), 8, 22n, 70, 342
  • demotion of, 570
  • military confrontations between Chinas, 154
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area, 454, 520n, 524, 552n
  • Smoot’s assessment of, 507
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • resupply of islands, 178, 478
    • retaliation by ROC, 128, 255–256
    • Tan Islands, defense of, 288–289
• Warsaw talks:
  • Beam’s appointment to, 7n, 31–32
  • Beam’s reports, 195–196, 218, 270–271, 734–736
  • higher level conference, proposed, 292–293
  • informal meetings, proposed, 542–543
  • instructions for Beam, 186, 187, 198–199, 200, 229–230, 267–269, 291–296, 324–326, 354–356, 397–398, 405–406, 433–437, 479–482, 491–493, 511n, 567n, 576n, 621–622, 625n, 638n, 650n, 652n, 715n, 733n
  • negotiating sessions, 193–195, 209–216, 257, 258–264, 270–271, 305–314, 328, 373, 406–407, 453, 482–483, 495, 500–501, 511–512, 531–532, 553–554, 566, 567, 576–577, 585–586, 625–626, 638–639, 650–651, 652–655, 665–666, 694–695, 715–716, 728–729, 733–734
  • personnel changes, 409n
  • PRC assent to, 142–143, 144
  • PRC attitude toward, 317
  • PRC objectives, 190–191
  • PRC ultimatum re, 29
  • preliminary arrangements, 1, 6–7, 16, 27–28, 29, 31–32, 34–35, 61, 155–156, 180, 184–185, 190n
  • propaganda, use as, 735–736
  • prospects, U.S. estimate on, 206–207
  • provocative actions issue, 159
  • ROC attitude toward, 154, 188, 226, 300, 389, 395
  • ROC rights issue, 170
  • Soviet attitude toward, 237–238
  • U.K. attitude toward, 165–166
  • U.S. assessments of, 268–269, 368–369, 394, 409–410
  • U.S. criticism of PRC record, 292, 305–306
  • U.S. expectations for, 169, 173, 273
  • U.S. intentions, 156, 241–242, 246, 274
  • U.S. long-term strategy, 323–324
  • U.S. opening statement, 191–192
  • U.S.–ROC consultations re, 183, 207–208
• Western Pacific, U.S. policy re, 514–515
• Whisenand, Brig. Gen. James F., 241
• White, Gen. Isaac D., 426
• White, Lincoln, 29, 653n, 733n
• White, Lloyd, 302
• White, Gen. Thomas D., 42, 43, 120, 121, 364–365, 366, 369, 561, 603, 768
• Whitney, John Hay, 272n, 723–724
• Wilcox, Francis O., 326n, 782n, 796
• Wilson, Duncan, 591–593
• Wilson, James, 614
• Wong, Martin, 536
• Wu Ching-fu, 499
• Yager, Joseph A., 646
• Yao Kuang, 532
• Yeh, George K. C., 8, 54, 170, 285, 329, 535n, 724, 747n
  • China, Republic of:
    • “free China” image, 359–362
    • military reductions, 552
    • overseas Chinese and, 463–464, 465
    • Special Forces, 23n
    • Taiwanese-mainlander relations, 220
    • U.S. economic assistance, 465–466, 552
    • “use of force” policy, 463–465, 467, 498–500, 545
    • U.S. military forces in, 732–733
  • Dulles visit to ROC (Oct. 1958), 383, 385, 387, 388, 418, 421, 424, 430, 438
  • infiltration of PRC by ROC forces, 641–642
  • military confrontations between Chinas, 570
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area:
    • ROC troop reductions, 384, 386–388, 454, 550–552
    • Tan Islands, proposed evacuation of, 519, 537–538
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • “attack on islands as attack on ROC” issue, 46
    • cease-fire (Oct. 6–20), 343–345, 383, 466
    • cease-fire proposal (Sept. 16–22), 207–208
    • PRC intentions, 219–220
    • psychological importance of islands, 219
    • resupply of islands, 182, 220
    • retaliation by ROC, 182, 183
    • ROC concentration of forces, 219
    • Soviet position, 385
    • Tan Islands, defense of, 291, 350
    • U.S. escorts for supply convoys, 179
    • U.S.–ROC cooperation, 160, 253–254
  • Tibet problem:
    • “independence for Tibet” option, 757–758, 760–761
    • India–PRC border dispute and, 757
    • refugee situation, 761
    • Tibetan–ROC discussions re, 802–803
    • U.S.–ROC discussions re, 800–803
  • U.N. membership for PRC, 438
  • Warsaw talks, 180, 207–208
• Yen, C. K., 648
• Yin, K. Y, 643, 648, 649
• Yui, O. K., 8
• Yu Ta-wei, 38n, 78, 265, 342, 368, 380, 570, 573, 603
  • China, Republic of:
    • modernization of armed forces, 496–497
    • Special Forces, 22n
    • U.S. military assistance, 33
  • Offshore Islands/Taiwan Strait area, 454
  • Taiwan Strait crisis:
    • “attack on islands as attack on ROC” issue, 45–46, 71
    • PRC military build-up, 47n
    • resupply of islands, 178, 478
    • Tan Islands, defense of, 288
  • Warsaw talks, 188