Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Central
and Southeastern Europe, Volume XXVI
Index
-
Achilles, Theodore C.,
39
-
Adams, Sherman, 146–147, 152
-
Adenauer, Konrad:
- assets of Germans in U.S., 120, 229–230, 242, 245,
254–255,
258, 281, 303
- Berlin:
- Brentano, opinion of, 279–280
- disarmament, 270–279, 281–283, 285–286, 295,
301
-
Dulles and, 57–60, 63–66, 106–126, 127, 129–130, 132,
139–143,
145, 153, 167–168, 186–187, 231,
279–281,
342–343
- economic policy, domestic, 97, 134
-
Eisenhower and, 63, 65–66, 69, 106, 123–124, 125,
180, 187, 217, 245–246, 256–259, 345–347
- political consultation with U.S., 174–177, 296
- European integration, 102, 240–241, 248, 254,
264–265
- France, 232–233
- Geneva Conferences of Foreign Ministers, 58, 59, 74
- German unification, 57, 63, 86, 109, 114–115, 122–123, 134–135, 200,
250–252,
256, 257–258, 301, 568
- Four-Power Working Group, 259–261
- health of, 90, 135, 218
- Italy, 232–233
- Middle East, policy on, 172–175, 178,
179, 233–235
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 69,
107–120,
146, 155–163, 167–170, 172–174, 200, 220–221, 223,
225, 227–229, 248–249, 250, 252–254, 256–257, 315–316, 326–327, 343–344
- nuclear energy, 291–295
- nuclear weapons, 158–159, 231–232, 235–236, 237,
241–242,
243–244,
248, 249–250, 251, 252,
256–258,
291–292,
340–341
- politics, German internal, 79, 80–86, 105, 125,
133–138,
147, 150, 184, 192, 193, 197–198, 200, 231,
244, 245–249, 257–258, 274, 301–303, 307–309, 315–316, 347,
401–402,
404
-
Riddleberger, opinion of,
107
- Saar problem, 108, 120
- Soviet Union, 58–59, 63–66, 70, 72–75, 110–114, 145–146, 180, 186–187, 200,
256, 285–286
- Berlin blockade, 364
- civil defense, 289
- disarmament, 272–273
-
Khrushchev and,
73, 111, 112–113, 129–130, 145, 159, 272–273, 673
- Mediterranean, 233
- nuclear threat, 160, 231
- Suez crisis, 156
- Switzerland, 126
- United Kingdom:
- international decline of, 280–281
- relations with, 232
- U.S. forces in FRG, 162, 175, 193,
284–285
- U.S. military assistance to FRG, 67
- U.S. political consultation with FRG, 174–177, 296
- U.S. visit, Brentano on, 217–218
- Afghanistan, 64
- Albania, 28, 29
- Algeria, 172
-
Allen, Edgar P., 19, 73n
-
Allen, George V., 637
-
Amory, Robert, Jr., 127
-
Anderson, Robert B.,
309, 310–311
- Aniline, Gen., 304, 305
- Arab-Israeli conflict, 64, 71, 138, 176–177, 203–207, 234, 687–691, 700–701, 707, 756
-
Armour, Norman, Jr.,
670
-
Arnold, Lt. Gen.
William H., 16, 20–21
- Atomic energy. See
Nuclear power; Nuclear
weapons.
- Atomic Energy Commission, 291, 292
- Australia, 203
- Austria, 1–56
- agricultural products, 24, 27
- balance of payments, 26
- China, People’s Republic of, 28
- coal resources, 24
-
COCOM, 10, 27
- Communist party, 27, 28, 29, 35, 36
- Council of Europe, 30
- defense of, 1–21, 25, 26, 27, 35, 36, 44
-
Dulles on, 31,
38, 50–53
- East-West trade, 10, 27, 54
- economy, general, 25–26
-
Eisenhower on, 47
- European integration, 30, 54
- Export-Import Bank, 24, 26, 27
- Four Powers and, 26, 37–38
- France, 24, 27, 38, 44, 145
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, recognition of, 54
- Germany, Federal Republic of:
- assets of Germans in, 9–10, 24,
27, 30
- redeployment of U.S. troops from, 3–4, 16–17
- Hungary, 42–43, 44–45, 47, 49, 53, 54
- refugees, 46–47, 48
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 27, 32, 37
- Italy:
- military personnel of, 2, 7, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17, 35
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization and, 3–5, 13, 16, 54
- Nazi party, 11, 24, 50, 52
- Nazis, Jewish claims against, 11, 24, 52
- neutrality of, 23, 26, 28, 29, 34–35, 36, 39, 42–45, 48, 54, 646
- nuclear power, 24
- nuclear weapons, 54
- occupation forces of U.S., 3–11, 21–24, 25–26
- Organization for European Economic Cooperation, 36, 52–53
- petroleum, 9, 26, 30, 47–48, 51
- Poland, aid to, 52–53
- property rights issues, post-war, 9–10, 24, 27–28, 37, 50–51
- refugees, 27, 35, 37
- Socialist parties, 10, 11, 29, 30, 31–32, 35
- Soviet Union, 22, 30, 31, 54, 377
- German unification patterned on, 377–378
- loans, 22, 28, 31–32
- military aid, 18, 19–22,
24, 27
- military threat, 42–49, 145
- neutrality vis-à-vis, 34–35, 42–45, 48, 54
- petroleum trade, 47–48
- war reparations from Austrians, 34, 53
- State Treaty, 5, 6, 23, 26, 27, 32, 34, 35, 47, 49
- territorial integrity issues, 26–27, 32–33, 36, 37–38
- United Kingdom and, 27, 38
- tourism, 26
- United Nations, 9–10, 36, 37–38, 43, 46
- South Tyrol question, 41, 55
- U.S. economic aid, 13–14, 22, 35, 52
- Mutual Security Program, 1, 2, 37
- U.S. Information Agency, 26
- U.S. weapons provision to, 1–2, 7, 9, 12, 14–15, 17, 20–21, 23–24, 39–40, 35, 44
- Yugoslavia, 4–5, 625, 642
- Baghdad Pact, 234, 688, 700, 715
- Balkan Alliance, 623–625, 627, 633, 637, 643, 650, 661,
- Greek role, 624, 627, 633, 661, 694–695
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 633, 660, 671
-
Tito on, 643, 663–664, 693–694
- Turkish role, 624, 627, 633,
636, 661, 694–695
- Balken, Richard, 285
-
Barbour, Walworth, 38, 636n
-
Beam, Jacob D.,
47, 681n
-
Bebler, Ales, 615, 620–621, 637, 639
-
Bech, Joseph, 346
- Belgium, 92
-
Ben Gurion, David, 204
-
Berding, Andrew H., 259
-
Beria, Lavrentiy P.,
656
- Berlin (see also
Interzonal trade, German), 61, 72n
, 88, 122–123, 195, 349–532
- access to (see also
Autobahn
below), 440–443, 445–450, 463–464, 466–495, 500–509, 511–512, 516–519, 521–522, 525–532, 541–542
- by air, 422, 508–509, 516–517, 518, 529–530
- airlift, 379, 392, 407, 416, 425, 427, 436, 497, 519, 522
-
CIA report, 512
-
NSC on, 427–428, 436, 437–438, 457–458, 497, 498, 499, 521–523, 529n
- personal documentation, 374,
396–397, 398, 410–411, 438, 448–453, 457, 467–469, 469–495, 500–507, 516–518
- rail, 405–406, 421–422, 431–434, 438, 439–440, 451–452, 488, 504–505, 508–509, 516, 518, 525–526, 527
- stockpile against blockade, 392, 425–426, 438, 461, 497, 522, 523, 524
- waterway, 397, 422, 438
- arrest of Soviet soldiers in British sector, 407–409
- Autobahn, 376–383, 396,
421, 430–432, 439, 516,
517, 518, 526
- Bolz–Zorin letters, 431, 451, 531,
537, 541
-
COCOM, 405–406
- Communist party in, 122, 373, 393
-
Dulles on:
- economic conditions in, 88, 390–391, 416, 520–521, 539,
556–557,
598–599
- employment conditions, 374,
391, 435
-
NSC discussion of, 77–78
-
NSC reports, 395, 425, 426, 435–436, 496, 568
-
Eisenhower on:
- European Defense Community, 393
- exhibitions and fairs, 373, 375, 392,
438, 459, 462, 499, 577
- Four-Power Working Group, 419–421, 451,
623–624
- French policy (see also
Tripartite planning
below):
- German unification and, 541–542
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 61,
88, 427,
556, 568
- access to, 525, 527–532, 541–542
- attack by, planning, 443–445, 466
- civil revolt in GDR, 591–592
- economic retaliation for Soviet/GDR measures, 379,
383–384, 428–429, 436, 437, 497, 528, 539–540, 550–551
-
NIE on, 414–423
-
NSC reports, 423–429, 436–437, 591–592
- recognition of, 377, 405, 550
- Germany, Federal Republic of, aid, 425, 497–498
- internal politics, 429, 498–499, 520–521
- intracity movement, 422–423, 499,
509–511,
512, 514–515
-
JCS position, 381–383, 399, 511–512
- limited military force, 382–385, 394,
407, 465
- Lysikov incident, 355–356, 359
- Nazi party in, 373
-
NIE on, 319, 414–423, 496n
-
Nixon visit to, 287
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 61,
524, 528
-
NSC discussions, 77–78, 182, 399–400, 443–445
-
NSC reports, 299, 334, 338, 341,
382n
, 384–385, 390–396, 423–430, 435–438, 454–466, 496–499, 521–525, 591–592
- nuclear research reactor, 437, 458–459, 499
-
OCB Outline Plan of Operations,
454–467
- political parties, various, 362, 373, 380,
437
- propaganda efforts by U.S., 393, 426, 460,
461–462,
508n
, 515, 554,-555, 568, 598–599
- refugees from Soviet zone, 413, 418, 530n
- Soviet Union and, 397–398, 407–409, 430–434
- access to, 431–434, 439, 445–454, 467–495, 497, 498, 500–509, 511–519, 521–522, 525–532
- arrest of Soviet soldiers in British sector, 407–409
- attack on, planning for, 443–445, 456, 466, 522–523, 530
- Autobahn, 357, 360, 362, 366–368, 430–431, 439
- economic retaliation for Soviet/GDR measures, 379,
383–384, 428–429, 436, 437, 497, 528, 539–540, 550–551
- intracity movement, 422–423, 499, 509–511, 512, 514–515, 546–549
-
NIE on, 414–423
-
NSC reports, 423–424, 427–429, 463–464, 521–525
- refugees from Soviet zone, 413, 418, 530n
- tunnel from U.S. to Soviet sector, 551
- U.S. aid to Soviet zone, 391–392, 436, 496–497, 523, 554–555
- Spring Plan, 392
- tripartite planning, 513–514, 519, 523
- access issues, 393–394, 462, 464, 469–472, 477–480, 483–485, 491, 493, 494, 501–503, 506, 522, 526, 528–529, 531
- intracity movements, 510, 515
- intrazonal movements, 516
- U.S. aid, 425, 429, 436, 455, 460–461, 463,
497
-
Bevan, Aneurin, 346
-
Bishop, Max W., 291, 294
-
Blank, Theodor, 169, 170, 195
-
Blankenhorn, Herbert A.H., 111, 174, 175, 386
-
Bohlen, Charles E.,
731–733
- Bolz, Lothar, 431, 451, 530, 537, 541
-
Bowie, Robert R.:
- Austria, 38
- German unification, 212, 259
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 107,
202, 208, 215, 281
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 444,
538
- Yugoslavia, 680n
- Brandt, Willy, 510, 528
- Brentano, Heinrich von, 66, 69, 92, 150, 178
-
Adenauer and, 279–280
-
Adenauer visit to U.S., 217–218
- disarmament, 266, 272, 275,
277, 285
- Eastern Europe, 208–212, 219
- European integration, 65–66, 102, 215–217, 239–241, 263–264
- German unification, 60–61, 91, 212–214, 549–550
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 538–540
- Middle East, 189–190, 202–207
-
Nixon visit to Berlin, 287
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 93,
94, 167–168, 188, 216–217, 218
- nuclear power, 291
- nuclear weapons, 232, 238, 288
- politics, German internal, 82
- Soviet Union:
- U.S. forces in FRG, 62, 143–144, 188, 241–242, 255,
284
- Bressier, 486, 487
- Bridges, Styles, 285
-
Brkic, Hasan, 715–717
- Bruce, David K.E., 224–227, 230–243, 259, 266, 281, 287, 291, 315, 454, 478, 480–482, 483–485, 504, 525n
, 526–529
- Brundage, Percival, 306
- Brussels Treaty, 132, 277, 683
- Bukharin, Nikolai, 661
-
Bulganin, Nikolai A.:
-
Dulles on, 115,
117, 122, 140, 189, 343
- German unification, 213, 685
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 97, 122, 129–130, 199–200
-
Adenauer on, 58, 74,
112–113, 117, 122, 129–130, 159, 199–200
- Brentano on, 69–70, 72,
189
- defense of, 289
- disarmament, 272–273
- nuclear power, 140
- Soviet satellites, 695
- Yugoslavia, 619, 650, 656, 698, 716,
747
- Bulgaria, 637
- Buraimi, 234
- Burgess, W. Randolph, 342–344
- Burma, 63–64, 648
-
Burns, Maj. Gen. E.L.M., 669–670
-
Cabell, Lt. Gen.
Charles P., 144–149, 747
-
Caccia, Sir Harold, 787
- Canada, 268
-
Carney, Adm. Robert B.,
636–637
-
Cassady, Adm. John, 623n
, 631
- Catholic Church, 700, 760, 761–763
- Central Intelligence Agency:
- Chamov, Gen., 430
- Chapin, Selden, 55
-
Chervenkov, Vulko, 717
- Chiang Kai-shek, 693–694
- China, People’s Republic of:
- Austria, 28
- disarmament, 115, 271, 272
- economy of, 70–71
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 87
- Soviet Union, 73, 111, 119, 145, 691–693, 730
- United States, 620, 693
- U.S. citizens held in, 359
- Yugoslavia, 616, 620, 621, 657, 691–694, 699,
717, 730
- Churchill, Winston, 419
-
Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 153, 407
-
Cleveland, Harlan, 95–98
-
COCOM (see also
East-West trade), 211
- Austria and, 10, 27
- Berlin and, 405–406
- Germany, Federal Republic of, and, 104
-
Collins, Gen. J. Lawton, 661
- Communist parties:
- Austria, 27, 28, 29, 35, 36
- Berlin, 122, 373, 393
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 324–325, 334, 595–596
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 64, 84, 85, 101, 125,
136, 185, 193, 194, 230, 307
-
NATO member countries, 115–116, 117
- Poland, 769
- Soviet bloc countries, 115, 732–733, 769
- Soviet Union, 112
- Yugoslavia, 655, 718, 772
-
Compton, Arthur A.,
28n
- Conant, James B.:
- Berlin, 404–407, 413, 496n
-
Dulles on, 280
- German unification, 402–403
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 542–543, 560–561
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 67–69, 73, 90, 401–407
- Constantinople Convention of 1888, 205
-
Cook, Gen. Orval R., 378
-
Creel, Robert C., 95, 202, 215, 208, 215, 490n
, 525n
, 530n
- Cutler, Robert, 443–444
- Cyprus, 41, 64, 110, 116, 695
- Czechoslovakia, 587, 589, 604, 685
- Egyptian arms purchases from, 688,
689, 690, 701
- European security pact, 682
-
Dale, William N.,
787
- Danube Convention, 28, 54
- Danube Shipping Company, 24
-
Dapcević, Peko, 641
-
Dasher, Gen., 547–548
-
Davis, Adm. Arthur C., 538, 611–612
-
De Gasperi, Alcide, 34
-
Dean, Jonathan, 285
-
Dedijer, Vladimir, 615–616, 617–620
- Defense, U.S. Department of (see also
Joint Chiefs of Staff):
- Austria, weapons provisions to, 1–2, 7, 14, 20–21, 35, 37, 44
- Berlin, 490n
,
503
- Mutual Security Program:
- Austria, 1, 2, 37
- Berlin, 390
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 117–118
- Yugoslavia, 612, 634, 667n
, 668, 737–739, 740–741, 748–751, 758, 769, 770–771, 789, 791, 794–796, 798–801
- Dibrova, Gen., 547, 548
-
Dillon, C. Douglas, 259, 303, 304, 309, 781, 786, 790–791, 794–799
- Disarmament, 140–143, 156, 173, 246, 266–279
- Canada, 267
- China, People’s Republic of, 115, 271, 272
-
Dulles on, 237–238, 266–279, 281–283
-
Eisenhower on, 282–283
- European integration and, 276, 278
- French-U.K. proposal, 91
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 156,
189, 195–196, 236, 250–251
-
Adenauer on, 270–279, 281–283, 285–286, 295, 301
-
Adenauer-Khrushchev talks, 159, 272–273
- Brentano on, 266, 272, 275, 276–278, 285
-
Bulganin, 272–273
- German unification and, 97, 247–248, 250–252, 256–258, 259–260, 283–284
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 160, 232, 273–275, 278, 282,
283
- Pineau on, 232
- Soviet Union, 115, 189, 266–279, 282,
283
- United Nations, 295
- Yugoslavia, 657, 719
-
Djilas, Milovan, 615–616, 617–620, 770
- Dollar Bond Treaty, 46
- Dollinger, Werner, 149–153
-
Dowling, Walter S., 76–77, 367
-
Dulles, Allen:
-
Dulles, Eleanor, 95–98, 165, 372, 483n
, 490n
, 525n
, 530n
, 680n
, 774
-
Dulles, John Foster, 203n
- Austria, 31, 38, 50–53
- Balkan Alliance, 694–695
- Berlin:
-
Bulganin, opinion of, 115, 117,
122, 140, 189, 343
- Bruce, David, opinion of, 280
- China, People’s Republic of, 621, 691–694
- Conant, opinion of, 280
- disarmament, 237–238, 266–279, 281–283
- European integration, 215–217, 240,
263–264
- European security pact, 682–683
- Four-Power Working Group, 190–192
- Geneva Conferences of Foreign Ministers, 63, 64, 682–687
- German unification, 57, 60–61, 63, 66, 93, 114–115, 122–123, 165–166, 212–214, 250–252, 256–258, 568,
683–685
- Four-Power Working Group, 259–261
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 538–540
- economic retaliation against, 551
- resistance movements, 560–561
- sovereignty of, 542–543
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 61, 71–73, 90–93, 128–129, 133–139, 218
-
Adenauer on, 57–60,
63–66, 106–126, 127, 129–130, 132, 139–143, 145, 153, 167–168, 186–187, 231, 279–281, 342–343
- assets of Germans in U.S., 120, 124, 229–230, 242, 245
- Communist party control of, 125
- East Germany vis-à-vis, 57,
188
- Erhard visit to U.S., 309–311
- Middle East, 202–207, 233–235
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 115–120, 128–129, 149–152, 164–165, 169–170, 255, 257–258, 343–344
-
Nixon visit to
Berlin, 287
- nuclear weapons, 139–143, 231–232, 237, 241–242, 341–342, 216–217, 221–227
- neutrality of, 57
- Poland, 239
- rearmament, 150–152, 188–189, 225–227
- Saar problem, 114, 684
- Soviet threat, 57–60, 63–66, 115, 117–118, 186–187, 253–253, 263
- U.K. troops in, 236–237, 277
- United Kingdom, 188, 240, 243, 254–255, 284, 303–304, 306–307
- U.S. military in, 143–144, 241–242
-
Khrushchev, opinion of,
115
- Middle East, 671–672, 687–691
- Soviet bloc, 208–212, 263
- Soviet Union, Middle East involvement, 688–690:
- Suez crisis, 138–139
- Yugoslavia, 660–661, 668n
, 670–672, 733–736, 799–801
- aid to, 652–653, 678–679, 734–736, 738–739, 748–749, 781–786, 794–795, 798n
, 799–801
- China, People’s Republic of, and, 621, 691–694
- German Democratic Republic recognition by, 787–790, 800
- Soviet Union and, 650–651, 652–653, 679, 739, 748–749
-
Tito meeting with,
680–701, 703–704, 706, 804
-
Tito visit to
U.S., 759–762
- Dunham, Charles, L., 291
- Eastern Europe (see also
Soviet bloc):
- East-West trade (see also
Interzonal trade, Germany):
- Austria and, 10, 27, 54
-
COCOM, 211
- Austria, 10, 27
- Berlin, 405–406
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 104
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 195,
200, 209–211
-
Khrushchev on, 656
- Poland–U.S., 210–211
- Eban, Abba, 203n
- Eckhardt, von, 93, 107, 163, 259
- Economic and Social Council, U.N.(ECOSOC), 100
-
Eden, Sir Anthony, 66, 71, 72n
, 157, 250–251, 412
- Egypt (see also
Suez crisis), 172–174, 203–207
- Czech arms sold to, 688, 689, 690,
701
- French policy, 172, 178
- German Democratic Republic policy, 61–62, 551
- German Federal Republic policy, 62,
74, 118,
138, 179
- oil pipelines through, 116
- Soviet Union:
-
Tito on, 687, 707
- Eisenbud, Merrill, 291
-
Eisenhower, Dwight D.:
- Austria, 47
- Berlin:
- disarmament, 282–283
- European integration, 218
- German unification, 72n
, 124, 256–258, 371, 374
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 69–70, 78, 97, 132, 217–219
-
Adenauer and, 63, 65–66, 69, 106, 123–124, 125, 180, 187, 217, 245–246, 256–259, 345–347
- assets of Germans in U.S., 124, 284, 306–307
- exchange programs, 152–153
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 218, 220–221, 223–229, 257–258, 344–347
- nuclear weapons in, 243–244
- political consultation with, 174–177, 296
- Saar, 218–219
- Soviet threat to, 72–73, 74,
112, 180, 187
- U.K. military support of, 243
- U.S. forces in, 284–285
- Middle East, 174–177
- nuclear power, 139, 140–141
- Suez crisis, 218
- Yugoslavia, 613, 660–661, 678–679
- Chinese People’s Republic-U.S. relations, 621
-
Tito:
- correspondence with, 667, 668, 669–670, 676–678, 679–680, 698–699, 706–707, 746, 754–757, 804
- German Democratic Republic recognition by
Yugoslavia, 803, 805
- visit by, 759–765, 772
- U.S. aid to, 638–639, 748–752, 768–769, 774–775, 798–799, 801, 804
-
Elbrick, C. Burke:
- Austria, 47–48, 51
- Berlin, Autobahn, GDR tolls, 369, 529n
- German unification, NATO, and
European integration, 201, 212
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 95, 107, 208,
215, 217, 230, 249, 281, 345
- Yugoslavia, 787, 788–790
- Erhard, Ludwig, 134, 206–207
- Berlin, Autobahn, GDR toll, 367
- visit to U.S., 309–311
- Erler, Fritz K.G., 131, 309
-
EURATOM (see also
European integration):
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 578
- Germany, Federal Republic of, and, 59,
62, 71,
95, 102,
116, 121, 122, 168, 171, 194, 254,
264–265
- Rome Treaty, 239
- Three Wise Men, 176, 188, 291
- United Kingdom, 240
- European Defense Community, 265
- European integration (see also
EURATOM
):
- Austria, 30, 55
- disarmament, 276, 278
-
Dulles on, 215–217, 240, 263–264
-
Eisenhower on, 218
- French policy, 239–241, 263–264
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 265
- German unification, 201, 212
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 578,
608
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 59, 62, 65–66, 86–87, 116, 171, 178,
215–217,
263–264,
302, 326
-
Adenauer on, 102, 240–241, 248, 254, 264–265
- Brentano on, 65–66, 102, 215–217, 239–241, 263–264
- neutrality of, 201–202
-
NSC reports on, 100, 102, 104, 185, 331–332, 337, 338
- Italy, 263
- Netherlands, 264, 265
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 201, 212, 215–217, 337
- United Kingdom, 71, 215–216, 239–241, 265, 276
- Yugoslavia, 624, 625
- European Transport Union, 625
- Evans, Robert, 475–478
- Export-Import Bank:
- Austria, 24, 26, 27
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 337
- Yugoslavia, 644n
, 667, 668, 676,
739, 744
- Fanfani, Amintore, 232
-
Fawzi, Mahmoud, 205, 672
-
Fechteler, Adm. William M.,
611, 637
- Federal Bureau of Investigation, 307
- Federer, Georg, 386
-
Figl, Leopold, 38, 41, 43,
46, 47, 50, 698
- civil defense of Austria, 14, 15, 19
- South Tyrol question, 55–56
-
Flemming, Arthur S., 400
-
Foster, Paul F., 291
- Four-Power Working Group:
- Austrian territorial integrity, 26,
37–38
- Berlin, 419–421, 451, 623–624
-
Dulles on, 190–192, 259–261
- French position, 190–192
- German unification, 191, 213–215, 219, 251–252, 257–261, 555
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 541,
545
- Germany, Federal Republic of, position on, 69, 103, 190–192, 250, 251,
259
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 191
-
Tito on, 667, 680
- France:
- Austria:
- military aid to, 24
- Soviet military threat to, 44,
145
- territorial integrity of, 27,
38
- Berlin:
- Autobahn, GDR blockade,
382, 393–394, 431–432
- military planning, 412, 425, 427, 429–430
- tripartite planning, 513–514, 510, 523
- access issues, 393–394, 462, 464, 469–472, 477–480, 483–485, 491, 493, 494, 501–503, 506, 522, 526, 528–529, 531
- intracity movements, 510, 515
- intrazonal movements, 516
- Communist party in, 115
- disarmament proposal, 91
- Egypt, 172, 178
- European integration, 239–241, 263–264
- German unification, 574
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 538
- civil unrest, response, 535,
591
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 91, 92, 112, 117, 118,
125, 232
- Middle East, 139, 189–190, 203, 205
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 108, 145, 155
- nuclear weapons, 232
- Socialist party, 157
- Soviet Union, 44, 73, 74, 115, 145
- Spain, cooperation with, 700
- Suez crisis, 139, 172, 189–190
- Yugoslavia, tripartite policy, 618,
619, 648–649, 658, 660,
667
- Franco y Bahamonde, Generalissimo Francisco, 700
-
Freers, Edward L.,
786
- Freshman, Arnold, 478
-
Freund, Richard B.,
21, 28n
, 32n
, 37
- Gaza Strip, 204
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 103,
265
- Geneva Conferences of Foreign Ministers, 26
-
George, Walter F.,
8, 156, 161, 168, 202, 208, 212, 215, 288
-
Gerhart, Gen. John K., 382–383
- German rearmament. See
rearmament
under
Germany, Federal Republic of.
- German unification, 57–61, 63, 72,
77–78, 87–88, 103, 192
- Berlin and, 541–542
- Brussels Treaty and, 683
- disarmament and, 97, 247–248, 250–252, 256–258, 259–260, 283–284
-
Dulles on, 57,
60–61,
63, 66,
93, 114–115, 122–123, 165–166, 212–214, 250–252, 256–258, 568, 683–685
- Four-Power Working Group, 259–261
-
Eisenhower on, 72n
, 124,
256–258,
371, 374
- European integration and, 201, 212
- European security pact, 682, 683–687
- Four-Power Working Group, 191, 213–215, 219, 251–252, 257–261, 555
- French policy, 574
- German Democratic Republic policy, 534, 541, 600–601, 607–609
- German Federal Republic policy, 95–96, 93–97, 109, 123, 184,
194–195,
212–214
-
Adenauer on, 57, 63,
86, 109, 114–115, 122–123, 134–135, 200, 250–252, 256, 257–261, 301, 568
- Brentano on, 60–61, 91,
212–214, 549–550
-
NIE on, 79–80,
83–84, 87–88
-
NSC reports, 329–331, 338, 340
- Geneva Conferences, 103, 609
- Italian policy, 214
-
NATO involvement, 60, 79–80, 94–95, 97, 100, 109,
114–115,
120, 122, 135, 170, 182, 184, 201,
549–551,
564, 578, 607, 673, 683
- neutrality of unified Germany, 88, 201, 330–331, 346,
646
-
NSC reports, 100, 103, 105, 181,
298, 300, 328, 329–331, 334, 338,
340, 534, 536, 552, 553, 555–556, 559, 564–568, 570,
572–573,
607–608
- propaganda efforts, 578–581, 607–609
- Soviet policy, 57–61, 63, 89, 92, 93–97, 100, 103–104, 109,
122, 123, 135, 154–155, 194, 200,
201, 213, 251, 260, 319, 549–550, 683–686
- Austrian pattern for unification, 377–378
-
Bulganin on, 213, 685
- German Democratic Republic control by, and, 563–564, 684
-
NIE on, 79–80,
83, 87–88, 89, 322–325
-
NSC discussion of, 77–78
-
NSC reports, 329, 330, 334, 552, 553, 555–556, 559, 564–568, 572–573
- satellites, 122
-
Tito on, 643, 685–687
- U.K. policy, 574
- U.N. efforts, 165–166, 574,
608
- Yugoslav policy, 639n
, 642, 685–687
- Germany, Democratic Republic of (see also
Berlin; Interzonal trade,
Germany), 71, 88, 130, 533–609
- Austria, 54
- Berlin, 61, 88, 427, 556, 568
- access to, 525, 527–532, 541–542
- Autobahn, tolls and upkeep, 349–372, 373, 377, 379, 381–383, 386–390, 437–438, 550
- attack by, planning, 443–445, 466
- civil revolt in GDR, 591–592
- economic retaliation for Soviet/GDR measures, 379,
383–384, 428–429, 436, 437, 497, 528, 539–540, 550–551
- incorporation into GDR,
512, 513–514
- intracity movement, 422–423, 499, 509–511, 512, 514–515, 546–549
-
NIE on, 414–423
-
NSC reports, 423–429, 436–437, 591–592
- recognition of GDR, 377, 405, 550
- church programs, 570, 576, 602–603
- coal, 61, 76, 77
- Communist party, 324–325, 334,
595–596
-
Dulles on, 538–540
- economic retaliation against, 551
- resistance movements, 560–561
- sovereignty, 542–543
- Yugoslav recognition of GDR, 787–790, 800
- economic conditions, 533, 536–537, 539, 553,
557–558,
602
- civil unrest, response, 535,
591
- Egypt, 61–62, 551
-
EURATOM and, 578
- European integration and, 578, 608
- Four-Power Working Group, 541, 545
- French policy, 538, 593
- Geneva Conferences of Foreign Ministers, 63, 64, 682–687
- German unification, 378, 534, 541,
600–601,
607–609
-
NSC report, aid measures,
536
- Soviet control over GDR
and, 563–564, 684
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 544–545 aid, 603
- Hungary, 569, 571, 572, 583, 584–585, 599–602, 603–604
-
JCS on, 562
- military forces of, 552–553, 557,
573, 586–587, 599
-
NIE on, 319
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 582, 589
-
NSC meeting, 560–562, 568–569
-
NSC reports, 101–102, 298, 338,
341, 552–560, 563–603, 606–609
- nuclear power, 578
-
OCB Outline Plan of Operations,
572–582
- Poland, 571, 599, 602–604, 685
- propaganda efforts, 393, 460, 461–462, 508n
, 515,
554–555,
568, 569, 573, 574–581, 589, 598–600, 608–609
- property issues, 413
- recognition as nation, 414
- Austrian, 54
- Berlin and, 377, 405, 550
- German Federal Republic, 83,
88, 206
-
NSC reports, 536, 553–554, 559–560, 566, 570, 581, 600, 601, 609
- Polish, 211
- Soviet, 537–538, 539, 540–543, 552, 556, 604
-
UNESCO admission, 61, 100, 551
- Yugoslav, 313–314, 316, 332, 551, 673, 769, 781, 786–793, 800, 803–805
- resistance movements, 558, 560–561, 563–566, 575,
579, 603, 606–607, 608
- civil revolt, 533–537, 556–557, 561–562, 564–567, 569, 572, 575, 576–577, 583–597, 599–601, 607
- satellite status of GDR,
324–325, 334, 595–596
-
SACEUR, 683
- Socialist party, 325
- Soviet Union and (see also
resistance movements
above), 54, 61–62, 66, 70, 75, 77–78, 80, 87, 145, 195, 209,
592, 603–605
- aid from, 571
- economic advantages, 323, 569, 576, 599
-
Khrushchev on, 603–605, 685, 788
- military forces in, 571, 587
-
NIE on, 322–325, 414–423
-
NSC reports, 338, 341, 533–537, 556–557, 563–603, 606–609
- recognition of GDR, 537–538, 539, 540–543, 552, 556, 604
- refugees from Soviet zone, 84,
325, 459, 557, 558, 568, 585, 599
- U.K. policy, 538, 544–545, 787–788
- civil unrest, response, 535,
591
- U.N. efforts, 583, 589, 593,
596–597
-
UNESCO admission, 61, 100, 551
- U.S. aid, 535–536, 570, 576, 600
- youth travel restrictions, 602
- Yugoslavia:
- economic relations, 739, 743–744
- recognition by, 313–314, 316, 332, 551, 673, 769, 781, 786–793, 800, 803–805
- Germany, Federal Republic of (see
also
Berlin; Interzonal trade,
German), 57–347
- assets of Germans in U.S., 120, 229–230, 242, 245,
254–255,
258, 284, 303–307
- Austria:
- assets of Germans in, 9–10, 24,
27, 30
- redeployment of U.S. troops from, 3–4, 16–17
- Brussels Treaty, 132, 277
- China, People’s Republic of, 87, 184–185
-
CIA on, 78n
, 127,
144–149
- coal, 61, 76, 77
-
COCOM, 104
- Communist party, 64, 84, 85, 101, 125,
136, 185, 193, 194, 230, 307
- developing countries, aid to, 101,
105, 337–338, 340, 344
- disarmament, 156, 189, 195–196, 236,
250–251
-
Adenauer on, 270–279, 281–283, 285–286, 295, 301
- Brentano on, 266, 272, 275, 276–278, 285
-
Bulganin on, 272–273
- German unification and, 97,
247–248, 250–252, 256–258, 259–260, 283–284
-
Dulles on, 61,
71–73,
90–93,
128–129,
133–139,
218
-
Adenauer and, 57–60,
63–66, 106–126, 127, 129–130, 132, 139–143, 145, 153, 167–168, 186–187, 231, 279–281, 342–343
- assets of Germans in U.S., 120, 124, 229–230, 242, 245
- Communist party control of, 125
- Erhard visit to U.S., 309–311
- German rearmament, 150–152, 188–189, 225–227
- Middle East, 202–207, 233–235
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 115–120, 128–129, 149–152, 164–165, 169–170, 255, 257–258, 343–344
-
Nixon visit to
Berlin, 287
- nuclear weapons, 139–143, 231–232, 237, 241–242, 341–342, 216–217, 221–227
- neutrality of, 57
- Poland, 239
- Saar problem, 114, 684
- Soviet threat, 57–60, 63–66, 115, 117–118, 186–187, 253–253, 263
- U.K. troops in, 236–237, 277
- United Kingdom and, 188, 240, 243, 254–255, 284, 303–304, 306–307
- U.S. military in, 143–144, 241–242
- Eastern Europe, 208–212, 311–312, 219
- East-West trade, 195, 200, 209–211
- economic situation, 61, 62, 68, 70–71, 76, 86, 91–93, 97, 106, 147–148, 192, 196–197, 404,
557
- dependence on East Germany, 61
- Erhard visit to U.S., 309–311
- military spending, 68, 86, 108, 114
-
NIE on, 78–79,
318–319, 320–322
-
NSC reports, 101, 103–104, 106, 182, 298–299, 328–329
- Soviet Union and, 72, 119
- U.K. forces in, costs, 199
- Egypt, 62, 74, 118, 138, 179
-
Eisenhower on, 69–70, 78, 97, 132, 217–219
-
Adenauer and, 63, 65–66, 69, 106, 123–124, 125, 180, 187, 217, 245–246, 256–259, 345–347
- assets of Germans in U.S., 124, 284, 306–307
- exchange programs, 152–153
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 218, 220–221, 223–229, 257–258, 344–347
- nuclear weapons in, 243–244
- political consultation with, 174–177, 296
- Saar, 218–219
- Soviet threat to, 72–73, 74,
112, 180, 187
- U.K. military support of, 243
- U.S. forces in, 284–285
-
EURATOM (see
also
nuclear power
below), 59, 62, 71, 95, 102, 116, 121,
122, 168, 171, 194, 254, 264–265
- European Defense Community, 98, 102, 108,
194, 335
- European integration, 59, 62, 65–66, 86–87, 116, 171, 178,
215–217,
263–264,
302, 326
-
Adenauer on, 102, 240–241, 248, 254, 264–265
- Brentano on, 65–66, 102, 215–217, 239–241, 263–264
- neutrality and, 201–202
-
NSC reports on, 100, 102, 104, 185, 331–332, 337, 338
- Export-Import Bank, 337
- foreign trade, 87, 184–185, 238
- Four-Power Working Group, 69, 103, 190–192, 250,
251, 259
- France, 91, 92, 112, 117, 118,
125, 232
- frontier protection, 59
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 103
- German unification, 95–96, 93–97, 109, 123, 184,
194–195,
212–214
-
Adenauer on, 57, 63,
86, 109, 114–115, 122–123, 134–135, 200, 250–252, 256, 257–258, 301, 568
- Brentano on, 60–61, 91,
212–214, 549–550
- Four-Power Working Group, 259–261
-
NIE on, 79–80,
83–84, 87–88
-
NSC reports, 329–331, 338, 340
- Germany, Democratic Republic of (see also
Berlin), 544–545
- Hungary, 173, 179, 190, 209, 210,
249–250
- industrial policy, 76, 77, 134
- Israel, 206
- recognition by, 316
- war indemnification, 76, 316
- Italy, 232–233
- loans by, 75, 321, 337–338, 340
- Middle East, 62, 64, 71, 74, 75, 76–77, 87, 93, 101, 321
-
Adenauer on, 172–175, 178, 179, 233–235
- Brentano on, 189–190, 202–207
-
Dulles on, 202–207, 233–235
- economic, 77, 78, 87,
101, 175, 177, 179, 234–235
-
Eisenhower on, 174–177
- petroleum resources, 76, 77, 93,
116
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 69,
94–95,
98–99,
107–123
(passim), 125, 132, 136–138, 146, 148,
155–163,
167–168,
194, 200, 220–221, 223, 225, 227–229, 248,
251, 252–254, 256–257, 315–316, 326–327, 343–344
-
Adenauer on, 69, 107–120, 146, 155–163, 167–170, 172–174, 200, 220–221, 223, 225, 227–229, 248, 251, 252–254, 256–257, 261–263, 315–316, 326–327, 343–344
- Brentano on, 93, 94, 167–168, 188, 216–217, 218
- Conant on, 107–123, 153–161, 167–168
- conscription/recruitment by, 68, 84, 85, 92,
94, 95, 98, 108, 131–133, 134, 137, 151, 157, 160–161, 162, 167–171, 177, 179, 182, 183, 189, 195–196, 253–254, 216–217, 312, 335
- contributions by, 58–59, 86,
114, 164–165, 167, 220–229, 241–242, 248, 253–254, 255, 257, 296, 312, 335–336, 339, 343–345
-
Dulles on, 115–120, 128–129, 149–152, 164–165, 169–170, 255, 257–258, 343–344
-
Eisenhower on, 218, 220–221, 223–229, 257–258, 344–347
- Krekeler on, 164–165, 221–222, 223–224, 312
-
NIE on, 318–319, 322
-
NSC reports, 99–100, 102–103, 104, 127–129, 182–184, 297–298, 299–300, 331, 332, 334–337, 339–340
- participation in, general, 64,
79, 83, 87, 92–93,
200, 299–300, 331
- reduction of forces, 145–146
- Socialist parties and, 252,
262, 263, 307
- U.K. forces in, 198–199, 236–237, 238, 261–263, 277, 344–345
- U.S. aid in relation to, 66–67, 336
- Nazi party, 83, 84
-
NIE on, 78–89, 318–325
-
NSC reports on, 99–106, 126–129, 181–185, 297–302, 328–341
- nuclear power, 140, 291–295
-
EURATOM, 59, 62,
71, 95, 102, 116, 121, 122, 168, 171, 194, 254, 264–265
-
NIE on, 86–87
-
NSC report, 332, 437, 458–459, 499
- research reactor, 437, 458–459, 499
- nuclear weapons, 69, 132, 137,
139–143,
158–159,
183, 231–232, 243
-
Adenauer on, 158–159, 231–232, 235–236, 237, 241–242, 243–244, 248, 249–250, 251, 252, 256–258, 291–292, 340–341
- Brentano on, 232, 238, 288
- defense, 288–290
- disarmament, 270–279, 281–283, 285–286, 295, 301
-
Dulles on, 139–143, 231–232, 237, 241–242, 341–342, 216–217, 221–227
-
Eisenhower on, 243–244
- missile production by Germany, 326–327, 339
- Organization for European Economic Cooperation, 71, 265
- Poland, 209–212, 254, 311
- political parties, 92, 97–98, 125, 134,
135–136,
137
- political situation, 79, 80–86, 105, 125,
133–138,
147, 150, 184, 192, 193, 197–198, 200, 231,
244, 245–249, 257–258, 274, 301–303, 307–309, 315–316, 347,
401–402,
404
- propaganda, 536–537
- property rights in U.S. of FRG citizens, 120, 229–230, 242,
245, 258, 284, 303–305
- rearmament, 67–68, 79, 83, 85–86, 88, 95, 98, 102–103, 104, 127,
131, 148, 150, 182–184, 189, 193–195, 201,
225–227
-
SACEUR, 98, 199, 253, 267,
326, 337, 683
- Socialist parties, 74, 79, 81–83, 85, 97–98, 105, 122,
125–126,
131, 134, 136, 137, 184, 193, 197,
248, 252, 262, 263, 307–309
- Soviet bloc, 254, 311–312, 316–317, 329
- Soviet Union, 57–60, 63–66, 69–70, 72–75, 84, 86, 89, 92, 97, 109–114, 117, 118–119, 129–130, 145–146, 180,
186–187,
192, 253, 298
-
Adenauer on, 58–59,
63–66, 70, 72–75,
110–114, 145–146, 180, 186–187, 200, 256, 285–286
- Brentano on, 72n
, 171–172
-
Dulles on, 57–60, 63–66,
115, 117–118, 186–187, 253–253, 263
-
Eisenhower on, 72–73, 74, 112, 180, 187
-
NSC reports, 100, 101, 103–104, 298
- repatriation of Germans from, 254, 325
- Soviet bloc, 254, 311–312, 316–317, 329
- trade with, 184–185, 238, 254, 302
- Suez crisis, 138–139, 142–143, 147,
203n
, 138, 147,
156, 189–190, 205–207
- tax policy, 76
- Turkey, 317
- United Kingdom, 91–92, 118, 136–138, 346
-
Adenauer on, 232, 280–281
-
Dulles on, 188, 240, 243
- economic relations, 188, 302
- U.K. forces in, 198–199, 236–237, 238, 261–263, 277, 344–345
- United Nations, 70
- U.S. aid, Mutual Security Program, 117–118
- U.S. forces in, 162, 175, 193–194, 220–227, 238,
241–242,
284–285,
296, 300
- U.S. military installations in, 106,
131–133,
143–144,
159, 161–163
- war reparations, 103, 134, 206,
315
- weapons, conventional, 62, 67–68, 146, 147
- Yugoslavia, 313–314, 316, 332, 788–791, 800
-
Gleason, S. Everett, 443–445, 560–562
- Globke, Hans, 145, 148
- Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 211, 254, 587
-
Goodpaster, Andrew J.,
174–176, 224–227, 760
-
Gosnjak, Gen. Ivan, 674, 723, 757
- Government and Relief in Occupied Areas (GARIOA), 306
-
Gray, Gordon, 40, 68, 94,
444, 538
- Greece:
-
Green, Theodore F., 172–174, 179, 285
- Grewe, Wilhelm, 202, 208, 215, 291
-
Gromyko, Andrei A.,
650, 805
- Gronchi, Giovanni, 232
- Grotewohl, Otto, 537
-
Gruber, Karl, 19–22, 33,
46, 50, 55–56
-
Gruenther, Lt. Gen.
Alfred M., 8, 125, 174–176, 180
- Gschnitzer, Franz, 56
-
Gufler, Bernard A., 439–440, 453, 472n
,
475–477, 480n
, 485–489
- Hains, Peter C, III, 649n
- Hallstein, Walter, 60, 61, 93, 95,
107, 121–123, 188, 229, 230, 241–242, 344, 345, 380, 407, 538, 551
-
Hammarskjöld, Dag, 205
- Hamlett, Gen. Barksdale, 510
- Harkort, 202, 208,
212, 215
- Harriman, Averell, 402
- Heasty, Col., 259
- Heine, Fritz, 201–202
- Helmer, Oskar, 29, 49
- Hensel, Struve, 1–3
-
Herter, Christian A.,
520–521, 525–526, 786
- Hertz, Paul, 372, 374, 520–521
-
Heusinger, Lt. Gen. Adolf E., 145, 147, 237
- Heuss, Theodor, 122–123, 178, 218
-
Hillenbrand, Martin J., 453, 467–472, 477
- Hitler, Adolph, 233, 286, 684
-
Hodes, Gen. Henry I., 445, 448, 473–474
- Honnen, Gen., 353
-
Hood, Viscount Samuel, 787
-
Hoover, Herbert, Jr.:
- Austria, 46
- Berlin, 77–78, 399, 413, 554
- Germany, Republic of, 72n
, 73–78, 107, 178
- Yugoslavia, 638, 748
- Hoover, J. Edgar, 307
- Hoyer Millar, Frederick, 451, 472
-
Humo, Avdo, 781–786, 789, 795, 804
-
Humphrey, George M.,
129, 280, 306, 747
- Hungary:
- Austria and, 42–43, 44–45, 47, 49, 53, 54
- Germany, Democratic Republic of and, 569, 571, 572, 583,
584–585,
599–602,
603–604
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 173,
179, 190, 209, 210, 249–250
- refugees, 46–47, 48, 771
- Soviet intervention, 42–43, 44–49, 54, 173, 179,
190, 755–756, 799–800
- United Nations, 770, 771, 800
- Yugoslavia, 673–674, 755–756, 759,
769, 770, 771, 773, 799–800
- India, 63, 153,
551
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 27, 32, 37, 667
- Interzonal trade, German, 515–516
- Iran, 234, 700
- Iraq, 700–701
-
Irwin, John N., II, 259,
266
- Ismay, Lord, 125
- Israel, 64, 71, 138, 203, 203–207
- Arab-Israeli conflict, 64, 71, 138, 176–177, 203–207, 234, 687–691, 700–701, 707,
756
- Germany, Federal Republic of:
- recognition by, 316
- war indemnification, 76, 316
- Italy, 64
- Austria and:
- Communist party in, 115
- European integration, 263
- German unification and, 214
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 232–233
- Yugoslavia:
- military cooperation with, 611–612, 637, 702, 711
- Trieste settlement, 624, 627, 632–633, 634–635, 636, 678
-
Ivekovic, Mladen, 776
-
Jackson, William H.,
560–561
- Jaenicke, 212, 215
-
Jandrey, Fred W., 55, 309, 790
- Japan, 128
- Jebb, Sir Gladwyn, 241
- Jews:
- Austrian Nazis, claims against, 11,
24, 52
- German war indemnifications, 76, 316
-
Johnson, Lyndon B., 285,
286
-
Johnston, Olin D., 120,
693
- Joint Chiefs of Staff, 127, 159–160
- Berlin, 381–383, 399, 511–512
- disarmament talks, 267
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 562
- State Department, meetings with, 381–383, 511–512, 636–638, 801
- Yugoslavia, 613–615, 636–638, 646,
701–703,
801
-
Jones, John Wesley, 37–39
- Jordan, 234
- Kádár, János, 54
- Kaiser, Jacob, 413
- Kamitz, Reinhard, 31, 50
-
Karamanlis, Constantine, 671n
-
Kardelj, Edvard, 615, 617–619, 620, 621, 626, 650, 680, 715–717, 734, 773
-
Kellermann, Henry J., 123n
-
Kennan, George F., 346
-
Kerry, Richard J., 161
- Kessel, Albrecht von, 90, 107, 149, 202, 208, 212, 215, 279, 530
-
Khrushchev, Nikita S.,
97, 695
-
Adenauer on, 73, 111, 112–113, 129–130, 145
-
Dulles on, 115
- Eastern Europe, 209
- East-West trade, 656
- Four-Power Working Group, 655–656
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 603–605, 685, 788
- Stalin, speech on, 715–718
- Yugoslavia, 314, 619, 620, 650, 654–656, 698,
715–718,
802
-
Kidd, Coburn B.,
538
-
Killen, James S.,
674, 722
- Kirk, Richard, 291
-
Knight, Ridgway B.,
650–651, 656–660, 715, 722, 724
-
Knowland, William F., 285
- Korea, 142, 143,
151
- Kotsiuba, Col.:
- Kreisky, Bruno, 30, 43, 44, 698
-
Krekeler, Heinz L., 90–93, 95–98, 107–123, 131–133, 138–139, 178–179, 217–219, 230–243, 279, 281, 291
- Berlin, 386
- defense, 288, 290
- disarmament, 266, 285
- Eastern Europe, 208–212, 311–312
- European integration and NATO,
215–217
- Four-Power Working Group, 190–192, 259
- German unification, 154–155, 165–166, 213–214, 259,
374
- Middle East, 202–207 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 164–165, 221–222, 223–224, 312
- political consultation process, 175
- U.K. forces in Germany, 198–199
- United States, German property in, 242, 245, 303–305
- Yugoslavia, 313–315
- Krone, Heinrich, 149–153, 248
-
Laskey, Denis, 787
-
Lay, James S., Jr.,
39–40
-
Lederer, Lajos, 733
-
Leishman, Frederick J.,
544–545
- Lemberger, Ernst, 19
- Lemmer, Ernst, 414, 509
-
Leverich, Henry P.,
774, 781
- Liebitzky, Gen., 19
- Lilienfeld, Georg von, 69, 73, 202, 208, 212, 215, 259, 538
- Limbourg, 202, 208, 215, 259, 538
-
Lisle, Raymond E., 303,
483n
, 489n
, 525n
-
Lloyd, Selwyn, 94, 265, 280–281, 478, 787–788
- Lodge, Henry Cabot, 718–719
-
Loper, Gen. Herbert B., 291, 294
- Luce, Clare Boothe, 126
- Luxembourg, 346
-
Lyon, Cecil B.,
386
- Lysikov incident, 355–356, 359
-
MacArthur, Douglas, II, 178, 538, 680,
- 681n
-
Macmillan, Harold, 240, 243, 261, 262, 264, 265, 280–281, 293, 311–312, 346, 388, 401
-
Maffitt, Edward P.,
659–660
-
Malenkov, Georgiy M.,
119, 619, 620, 629
- Malta, 64
-
Mao Tse-tung, 692–693, 717
-
Margolies, Daniel F., 95–98
-
Mark, David E.,
774n
- Martino, Gaetano, 232
-
Mates, Leo, 313, 644, 653, 670, 727, 733, 760, 762, 781, 786, 790, 794, 807
- Matthews, H. Freeman, 52
-
McCarthy, Joseph R.,
656
-
McCardle, Carl, 681n
-
McKiernan, Thomas D., 467, 525n
- McNeil, W.J., 224–227
-
Menderes, Adnan, 647–649
-
Merchant, Livingston T.:
- Austria, 19, 21
- Berlin, 401–407
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 538
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 67–68, 73n
, 90,
92, 94,
401–407
- Yugoslavia, 652n
-
Micunović, Veljko, 650, 764
- Middle East (see also
Suez crisis), 71, 74, 75
- Arab-Israeli conflict, 64, 71, 138, 176–177, 203–207, 234, 687–691, 700–701, 707,
756
- Baghdad Pact, 234, 688, 700,
715
-
Dulles on, 671–672, 687–691
- economic improvement, 175, 177, 179,
234–235,
688
-
Eisenhower on, 174–177
- French policy, 139, 189–190, 203, 205
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 62, 64, 71, 74, 75, 76–77, 87, 93, 101, 321
-
Adenauer on, 172–175, 178, 179, 233–235
- Brentano on, 189–190, 202–207
-
Dulles on, 202–207, 233–235
- economic situation, 77, 78, 87,
101, 175, 177, 179, 234–235
-
Eisenhower on, 174–177
- petroleum, 76, 77, 93,
116
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 74,
203
- Soviet policy, 71, 75, 116, 233–234, 701
- Suez crisis, 116, 138–139, 142–143, 147, 156,
172, 174, 203n
,
204
- U.N. efforts, 175, 177, 203,
204, 205, 671–672, 756, 770, 792
- United Kingdom, 71, 74, 75, 118, 139,
189–190,
203, 205, 234–235, 243
- Yugoslavia, 756, 770, 781, 792
-
Mikoyan, Anastas I., 42, 47–48, 112, 605, 650, 695, 747
- Mollet, Guy, 112, 115, 118, 143, 145, 157
-
Molotov, Vyacheslav M.,
103, 388, 619, 651, 657, 685, 689, 701
-
Mooney, Edward Cardinal, 760
-
Murphy, Robert D.:
- Berlin, 372–375, 526–529
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 73n
, 107–123, 131–133, 164, 202,
208, 212, 216, 224, 259, 281, 790–791
- Yugoslavia, 616, 636n
, 661, 674–676, 786
- aid to, 727–728, 774n
, 790, 799–801, 807–808
- military ties with, 611–612, 774n
, 790, 799–801, 807–808
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 637
-
NSC report on, 705
-
Tito talks with,
664–670, 672–674, 676, 677, 721, 722
-
Tito visit to
U.S., cancelled, 759–762
- Nash commitment, 182
-
Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 118, 139, 146, 172, 687–689, 691, 698, 707, 715
- National Academy of Sciences, 292
- National Intelligence Estimates:
-
NIE
11–3–56, 414–423, 454,
496n
-
NIE
12–56, 572
-
NIE
23–56, 78–89
-
NIE
23–57, 318–325
-
NIE
31–1–55, 707
-
NIE
31–1–57, 802–803
-
NIE
31–2–55, 662–664, 702,
705, 707
-
NIE
31–56, 736–737
-
NIE
31–57, 777–778
- National Security Council:
- documents:
-
NSC
160/1, OCB Progress Reports, 99–106, 126–129, 181–185, 297–302
-
NSC
160/1, Supplement, 563–567
-
NSC
164/1, OCB Progress Report, 23–28
-
NSC
174/1, OCB Progress Report, 23–28, 101, 126, 129, 533, 552–560, 567
-
NSC
5404/1, 103, 126, 129, 369, 382n
n
, 384–385, 390–396, 399–400,
-
NSC
5406/1, OCB Progress Reports, 630n
, 632–635, 646, 704–706, 707–708, 768–773
-
NSC
5526, OCB Progress Report, 708
-
NSC
5601, 707–714,
-
NSC
5602/1, OCB Progress Report, 181, 741
-
NSC
5603, 34.-37, 39
-
NSC
5608/1, OCB Progress Report, 560, 562
-
NSC
5612/2, OCB Progress Report, 583–598, 768, 801
-
NSC
5616/1, OCB paper, 583–598
-
NSC
5727, 328–341, 529n
-
NSC
5727, Supplement I, 521–525
-
NSC
5727, Supplement III, 606–609
-
NSC
5805, 801
- meetings:
-
247th, May 5, 1955, 645–647
-
265th, Nov. 10, 1955, 399–400
-
267th, Nov 21, 1955, 703–704
-
273d, Jan. 18, 1956, 30–31,
714–715
-
280th, Mar. 22, 1956, 77–78
-
281st, Apr. 5, 1956, 39–40
-
286th, 560–563
-
288th, June 15, 1956, 126–129
-
296th, Sept. 6, 1956, 560–562
-
298th, Sept. 27, 1956, 747–748
-
311th, Jan. 31, 1957, 443–445
-
Dec. 24, 1957, 801
- Netherlands, 264, 265
- Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 237, 238, 252, 262
- North Africa, 115
- North Atlantic Council, 211,
214, 215, 218
- European Defense Community endorsement, 335
- French policy, 108, 145, 155
- German reunification, 549–551
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 582,
589
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (see also
North Atlantic Council):
- Austria and, 3–5, 13, 16, 54
- Berlin, 61, 524, 528
-
COCOM, 211
- Austria and, 10, 27
- Berlin and, 405–406
- Germany, Federal Republic of and, 104
- Communist parties in member countries, 115–116, 117
- disarmament, 160, 232, 273–275, 278,
282, 283
- European integration and, 201, 212, 215–217, 337
- Four-Power Working Group and, 191
- France and, 108, 145, 155
- German unification, 60, 79–80, 94–95, 97, 100, 109, 114–115, 120,
122, 135, 170, 182, 184, 201, 549–551, 578,
607, 673, 683
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 582
- Germany Federal Republic of, 69, 94–95, 98–99, 107–123 (passim), 125,
132, 136–138, 146, 148,
155–163,
167–168,
194, 200, 220–221, 223, 225, 227–229, 248,
251, 252–254, 256–257, 315–316, 326–327, 343–344
-
Adenauer on, 69, 107–120, 146, 155–163, 167–170, 172–174, 200, 220–221, 223, 225, 227–229, 248, 251, 252–254, 256–257, 261–263, 315–316, 326–327, 343–344
- Brentano on, 93, 94, 167–168, 188, 216–217, 218
- Conant on, 107–123, 153–161, 167–168
- conscription/recruitment by, 68, 84, 85, 92,
94, 95, 98, 108, 131–133, 134, 137, 151, 157, 160–161, 162, 167–171, 177, 179, 182, 183, 189, 195–196, 253–254, 216–217, 312, 335
- contributions by, 58–59, 86,
114, 164–165, 167, 220–229, 241–242, 248, 253–254, 255, 257, 296, 312, 335–336, 339, 343–345
-
Dulles on, 115–120, 128–129, 149–152, 164–165, 169–170, 255, 257–258, 343–344
-
Eisenhower on, 218, 220–221, 223–229, 257–258, 344–347
- Krekeler on, 164–165, 221–222, 223–224, 312
-
NIE on, 318–319, 322
-
NSC reports, 99–100, 102–103, 104, 127–129, 182–184, 297–298, 299–300, 331, 332, 334–337, 339–340
- participation in, general, 64,
79, 83, 87, 92–93,
200, 299–300, 331
- reduction of forces, 145–146
- Socialist parties and, 252,
262, 263, 307
- U.K. forces in, 198–199, 236–237, 238, 261–263, 277, 344–345
- U.S. aid in relation to, 66–67, 336
- Greece, 5, 702
- Middle East, 74, 203
- non-military cooperation under, 70
- nuclear weapons, 232
- political consultation among members, 174–177
- Soviet view of, 64–65, 111–112
- Turkey, defense of, 5
- United Kingdom, 71, 91, 108, 137–138, 155, 215–216, 220–221, 232,
261–263
- Yugoslavia, 612–614, 616–617, 624,
627, 629, 631, 637–640, 642, 683,
702, 709, 711, 713
- Nazi parties:
-
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 707n
-
New York Times, 159
-
Nixon, Richard M.,
47, 126, 287
-
Nolting, Frederick E., 1–2
-
Nu, U, 648
- Nuclear power (see also
EURATOM
):
- Austrian exhibits, 24
- Berlin research reactor, 437, 458–459, 499
-
Eisenhower on, 139, 140–141
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 578
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 140,
291–295
- Soviet Union, 118–119, 140,
145, 146
- United Kingdom, 119, 240, 293,
294
- United Nations, 140
- Yugoslavia, 657, 668, 713
- Nuclear weapons (see also
Disarmament):
- Austria and, 54
- France, 232
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 69, 132, 137,
139–143,
158–159,
183, 231–232, 243
-
Adenauer on, 158–159, 231–232, 235–236, 237, 241–242, 243–244, 248, 249–250, 251, 252, 256–258, 291–292, 340–341
-
Adenauer–Khrushchev talks, 118–119, 159, 272–273
- Brentano on, 232, 238, 288
- civil defense, 288–290
- disarmament, 159, 270–279, 281–283, 285–286, 295, 301
-
Dulles on, 139–143, 216–217, 221–227, 231–232, 237, 241–242, 341–342
- Soviet threat, 160, 231
-
Eisenhower on, 243–244
- missile production by FRG, 326–327, 339
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 232
- Soviet Union, 118–119, 140–143, 159,
160, 237, 243, 272–273
- testing of, 290, 292, 293–294
- United Kingdom, 119, 151, 238,
293
- U.S. weapons, 158, 160–161, 173–174
- Nuschke, Otto, 364–365
- Ollenhauer, Erich, 201–202, 214, 263
- Operations Coordinating Board. See
OCB
subheadings under other subjects.
- Organization for European Economic Cooperation, 36, 52–53,
71, 265, 578, 625
- Organization of American States, 115–116
- O’Shaughnessy, Elim, 148, 161–163, 295
-
Ostertag, Harold C., 546–548
- Pakistan, 63, 64,
688
- Papagos, Marshal Alexandros, 671
- Parker, Jameson, 202, 208, 212, 215
- Parkman, Henry, 349
-
Pauls, Rolf F., 131, 154
-
Pearson, Lester B., 114
- Pella, Giuseppe, 56
-
Penfield, James K., 11–12, 16,
32
-
Perkins, George W.,
156, 163
- Peterson, Val, 288–290
-
Pijade, Mosa, 715–717
-
Pinay, Antoine, 118, 401
- Pineau, Christian, 112, 117, 118, 119, 125
- disarmament, 232
- European integration, 239, 240
- Four-Power Working Group, 190–192
- Pleasants, Henry, 148–149
- Poland, 42, 43, 188, 208, 209
- Austrian aid to, 52–53
- Communist party, 769
- East-West trade, U.S., 210–211
- European security pact, 682
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 571,
599, 603–604, 685
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 209–212, 254,
311
- recognition of, 211–212
- Soviet influence, “Lubin solution,” 686
- Yugoslav influence, 741–742, 769,
770, 773
- Political parties (see also
Communist parties; Nazi
parties; Socialist parties):
- Berlin, 373, 380, 437
- Autobahn, GDR toll for
non-GDR vehicles, 362
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 92, 97–98, 125, 134,
135–136,
137, 150, 152, 184, 193, 197–198, 201, 231,
301–302,
307–309,
404
-
Popović, Koca, 615, 621, 645, 648–651, 659, 670, 680, 700, 722, 724, 757, 761, 763
- Popović, Nedad, 674, 700, 715, 757, 764, 808–809
- Portugal, 63
-
Prica, Srdja, 659–660, 674, 715–718, 719–720, 722–723, 652–754, 764, 779–781
-
Primozic, Franz, 751
- Puhan, Alfred, 16
- Pushkin, Georgiy M.:
- Berlin:
- access to, 405–406, 439–440, 442–443, 447, 448, 450–453, 469, 472, 475–477, 481, 485
- Autobahn, 376, 377, 378, 380, 382, 384
- intracity movements, 549
-
Quarles, Donald A., 155–161, 285
-
Raab, Julius, 28, 29–30,
53, 698
- civil defense of Austria, 11–12, 13, 14–18, 19, 44
- Soviet Union:
- loans to Austria, 32
- military threat to Austria, 43,
44, 45, 49
- petroleum from Austria, 48–49
-
Radford, Adm. Arthur W.:
- Austria, 3–5,
40
- Berlin, 382, 383, 399, 400
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 127–129, 131–133
- Yugoslavia, 636, 637–638, 646
-
Rakosi, Matyas, 717
- Rankovic, Aleksandr, 650
- Refugees:
- Austrian, 27, 35, 37
- Arab, 688–689
- Berlin, from Soviet zone, 413, 418, 530n
-
GARIOA, 306
- Gaza Strip, 204
- German, from Soviet zone, 84, 325, 459,
557, 558, 568, 585, 769
- Hungarian, 46–47, 48, 771
-
Reinstein, Jacques J.:
- Berlin, 490n
,
525n
, 526–529, 530n
- disarmament, 266
- Four-Power Working Group, 190, 259
- German unification, 190, 212, 259
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 538,
544–545
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 67–68, 107, 131, 149,
154, 202, 208, 215, 281, 291, 309
- Yugoslavia, 638
-
Riddleberger, James W.,
280
-
Adenauer on, 107
- Yugoslavia, 781, 808–809
- Austria and, 625
- Balkan Alliance, 623–624
- China, People’s Republic of, 621
-
Dedijer–Djilas affair, 615–616, 617–620
- economic policy, 628, 629, 674, 806
- European integration, 624,
625, 626, 628
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, recognition of, 803–805
- Italy, 611
- normalization of relations, 625–626, 628
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 616–617, 624, 627, 629, 630–631, 765
- Soviet Union, 619–620, 622, 624–626, 628–630, 719, 734, 752–753, 758–759, 779–781, 800, 805–806
-
Tito talks, 636, 644–645, 647–649, 652n
, 680, 681n
, 734, 757, 800–801, 803–807
-
Tito visit to
U.S., cancelled, 763–765
- U.S. aid, 644–645, 719–720, 722–726, 752–754, 757–758, 765, 776–777, 804, 806, 809–810
- U.S.-Yugoslav joint military planning, 630, 638n
, 659–660, 719–720, 766–767, 776–777
-
Ridgway, Gen. Matthew B., 382, 383
-
Roberts, Sir Frank, 638–640, 648–649
-
Roberts, George G., 67n
-
Robertson, Reuben B., 73n
, 224–227
-
Rockefeller, Nelson, 3, 407–409
-
Rogers, William P., 305,
306
- Saar settlement, 100, 108, 114, 120, 185, 218–219
-
SACEUR, 5,
98, 168, 199, 253, 267, 326, 337, 613, 614, 683
-
Sailer, William J., 76–77, 413
- Sandys, Duncan, 198–199
- Saragat, Giuseppe, 233
- Saudi Arabia, 71, 689
- Schaeffer, Fritz, 76
- German internal politics, 82, 86, 134
- U.S. forces in FRG, 62
- Schaerf, Adolf, 11–12, 13, 16–18, 49
- Schaetzel, J. Robert, 95–98
- Schiller, Eduard, 21
- Schoener, Josef, 33n
,
46, 50
- Schweitzer, Albert, 290, 292–293, 295
- Segni, Antonio, 232
- Sharett, Moshe, 689
-
Shepilov, Dmitri T.,
46, 650
-
Smith, Gerard C., 291
- Socialist parties:
- Austrian, 10, 11, 29, 30, 31–32, 35
- French, 157
- German Democratic Republic, 325
- German Federal Republic, 74, 79, 81–83, 85, 97–98, 105, 122,
125–126,
131, 134, 136, 137, 184, 193, 197,
248, 307–309
- Yugoslav, 778–780
- Socony-Vacuum, 9
- Southeast Asia, 693
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, 203
- Southard, Frank, 309–310
- South Tyrol question, 32–33, 40–41,
55–56
- Soviet bloc, 208–212, 219
- Communist parties in, 115, 732–733, 769
-
Dulles on, 208–212, 263
- economic integration, 119
- German unification, 122
- Germany, Democratic Republic of as, 324–325, 334, 595–596
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 254,
311–312,
316–317,
329
- rebellions in, 130, 188, 195
- incidents in GDR, 533–537, 556–557, 561–562, 564–567, 569, 572, 575, 576–577, 583–597, 599–601, 607
- Yugoslav influence on, 624–625, 656–657, 660–661, 667,
673, 735–736, 741–742, 747, 754,-755, 759, 769–770, 778, 802
- Soviet Union (see also
Soviet bloc), 63–64
- Austria, 22, 30, 31, 54, 377
- loans to, 22, 28, 31–32
- military aid to, 18, 19–22,
24, 27
- military threat to, 42–49, 145
- neutrality of, 34–35, 42–45, 48, 54
- petroleum trade, 47–48
- war reparations from, 34, 53
- Berlin, 397–398, 407–409, 430–434
- access to (see also
Autobahn
below), 431–434, 439, 445–454, 467–495, 497, 498, 500–509, 511–519, 521–522, 525–532
- arrest of Soviet soldiers in British zone, 407–409
- attack on, planning for, 443–445, 456, 466, 522–523, 530
- Autobahn, 357, 360, 362, 366–368, 430–431, 439
- economic retaliation for Soviet/GDR measures, 379,
383–384, 428–429, 436, 437, 497, 528, 539–540, 550–551
- intracity movement, 422–423, 499, 509–511, 512, 514–515, 546–549
-
NIE on, 414–423
-
NSC reports, 423–424, 427–429, 463–464, 521–525
- refugees from Soviet zone, 413, 418, 530n
- tunnel from U.S. to Soviet zone, 551
- U.S. aid to Soviet zone, 391–392, 436, 496–497, 523, 554–555
- war memorial in U.K. zone, 408–409
- China, People’s Republic of, 73, 111, 119,
145, 691–693, 730
- disarmament, 115, 189, 266–279, 282,
283
- economy, general, 119, 266
- Egypt, 148, 173
- French policy, 44, 73, 74, 115, 145
- German unification, 57–61, 63, 89, 92, 93–97, 100, 103–104, 109,
122, 123, 135, 154–155, 194, 200,
201, 213, 251, 260, 319, 549–550, 683–686
- Austrian pattern for unification, 377–378
-
Bulganin on, 213, 685
- German Democratic Republic control by, and, 563–564, 684
-
NIE on, 79–80,
83, 87–88, 89, 322–325
-
NSC discussion of, 77–78
-
NSC reports, 329, 330, 334, 552, 553, 555–556, 559, 564–568, 572–573
- satellites of Soviets, 122
-
Tito on, 643, 685–687
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 54,
61–62,
66, 70,
75, 77–78, 80, 87, 145, 195, 209, 603–605
- aid from, 571
- economic advantages, 323, 569, 576, 599
-
Khrushchev on, 603–605, 685, 788
- military forces in, 571, 587
-
NIE on, 322–325, 414–423
-
NSC reports, 338, 341, 533–537, 556–557, 563–603, 606–609
- recognition of, 537–538, 539, 540–543, 552, 556, 604
- refugees from Soviet zone, 84,
325, 459, 557, 558, 568, 585, 599
- resistance movements, 324–325, 334, 533–537, 556–557, 558, 560–567, 572, 575–577, 579, 583–597, 599–601, 603, 606–607, 608
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 57–60, 63–66, 69–70, 72–75, 84, 86, 89, 92, 97, 109–114, 117, 118–119, 129–130, 145–146, 180,
186–187,
192, 253, 298
-
Adenauer on, 58–59,
63–66, 70, 72–75,
110–114, 145–146, 180, 186–187, 200, 256, 285–286
- Brentano on, 72n
, 171–172
-
Dulles on, 57–60, 63–66,
115, 117–118, 186–187, 253–253, 263
-
Eisenhower on, 72–73, 74, 112, 180, 187
-
NSC reports, 100, 101, 103–104, 298
- repatriation of Germans from, 254, 325
- Soviet bloc and, 254, 311–312, 316–317, 329
- trade with, 184–185, 238, 254, 302
- Hungarian intervention, 42–43, 44–49, 54, 173, 179,
190, 755–756, 799–800
- hydropower, 119
- Middle East, 71, 75, 116, 233–234, 701
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, view of, 64–65, 111–112
- nuclear power, 118–119, 140,
145, 146
- nuclear weapons, 118–119, 140–143, 159,
160, 237, 243, 272–273
- Poland, “Lubin solution,” 686
- Stalin and Stalinism, 112, 113, 419,
434, 577
- Yugoslavia, 624, 625, 628, 658, 692–693, 696, 698, 715–718, 732, 785–786, 788, 802
-
Suez crisis, 138, 156
- terrorism by, 130
- Turkey, 673
- Twentieth Party Congress, 209, 210
- United Kingdom, 115
- war memorial in U.K. zone of Berlin, 408–409
- U.S. defense position, general, 158–159
- Yugoslavia, 618–619, 620–622, 625,
629, 635, 650–658, 660–661, 672–673, 700,
708, 709–712, 715–718, 725, 735,
747–749,
769, 777–780, 782–786, 790, 791,
794, 796–797, 799–800, 802–803, 805
- Balkans and, 624–625, 627, 673
-
Bulganin on, 619, 650, 656, 673, 698, 716, 747
-
Dulles on, 650–651, 652–653, 679, 739, 748–749
- economic cooperation, 626–627, 629, 657, 665–666, 675, 715, 739, 742, 743–744, 752, 753, 764, 769, 773, 802
-
Khrushchev on, 314, 619, 620, 650, 654–656, 698, 715–718, 802
- military relations, 729, 802
-
NIE on, 662–663, 736–738, 802–803
-
NSC reports on, 741–742, 772–773
- party ties, 665
-
Riddleberger on,
619–620, 622, 624–626, 628–630, 719, 734, 752–753, 758–759, 779–781, 800, 805–806
-
Tito
talks, 636, 644–645, 647–649, 652n
, 680, 734, 757, 800–801, 803–807
-
Tito visit
to U.S., cancelled, 763–765
- Soviet bloc, 624–625, 656–657, 660–661, 667, 673, 735–736, 741–742, 747, 754–755, 759, 769–770, 778, 802
- Stalin and Stalinism, 624,
625, 628, 658, 692–693, 696, 698, 715–718, 732, 785–786, 788, 802
-
Tito on, 625, 650, 652–653, 658, 672–673, 702, 737, 748, 779, 800, 802–803, 805–806
- Spaak, Paul-Henri, 311–312
- Spain, 700
- Special National Intelligence Estimate, SNIE 31–1–57, 802–803
-
Sprague, Mansfield D.,
774n
- Stalin and Stalinism, 112, 113, 419, 434, 577
- Yugoslavia, 624, 625, 628, 658, 692–693, 696,
698, 715–718, 732, 785–786, 788,
802
- Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, 9
-
Starbird, Gen. Alfred D., 291
-
Stassen, Harold E.,
31, 193, 246, 247–248, 278, 280, 295, 646–647, 747–748
- State Department–Joint Chiefs of Staff meetings,
381–383, 511–512, 636–638, 801
- Status of Forces Conferences, 300
- Stepanic, Aloysius Cardinal, 700, 760, 761
-
Stevenson, Adlai E., 231
- Strauss, Franz Josef, 95–98, 169, 170, 175, 179, 183, 195, 244, 48
-
Bulganin and, 200
- Soviet threat to Austria, 238
-
Strauss, Adm. Lewis, 122, 230–243, 291–295
- Strauss, Richard, 372
- Suez crisis, 138–139, 142–143, 147, 150, 156, 172, 177, 203n
, 204–207, 218
-
Dulles on, 138–139
-
Eisenhower on, 218
- French policy, 139, 172, 189–190
- Germany, Federal Republic of, policy, 138–139, 142–143, 147, 203n
, 138,
147, 156, 189–190, 205–207
- oil pipelines, 116
- Soviet policy, 138, 156
- U.K. actions, 139, 189, 243
-
Sullivan, Charles, 107, 202, 208, 212, 215
- Suhr, Otto, 372–375, 437
- Switzerland, 126, 304, 305
- Syria, 116
- Taiwan, 693–694
-
Taylor, Gen Maxwell D., .511
- Teuber, Oscar, 50–51
-
Thompson, David R., 230
-
Thompson, Llewelyn E., Jr., 793
- Timmons, Benson E.L., 95–98, 121–123, 202, 208, 215,
- German unification, 212, 259
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 215, 224
-
Tito, Marshal Josip, 313, 586, 615, 630, 644, 647–649
- Austria, 642
- Baghdad Pact, 688, 700, 715
- Balkan Alliance, 643, 663–664, 693–694
- China, People’s Republic of, 691–694
-
CIA brief, 646
-
Dulles, meeting with, 680–701, 703–704, 706, 804
- Egypt, 687, 707
-
Eisenhower and:
- correspondence with, 667, 668, 669–670, 676–678, 679–680, 698–699, 706–707, 746, 754–757, 804
- German Democratic Republic recognition by Yugoslavia, 803, 805 visit by, 759–765, 772
- European integration, 626, 628
- European security pact, 682–683, 686–687
- Four-Power Working Group, 667, 680
- Geneva Conferences, 706
- German unification:
- Hungary, 673–674
- international aspirations, 660–661, 666,
696, 735–736
- Middle East, 687–691, 707, 764
-
Murphy, talks with, 664–670, 672–674, 676, 677,
721, 722
-
Nasser and, 687–689, 691, 698,
707, 715
- neutrality/normalization of Yugoslavia, 636, 641–643, 646,
652–653,
658, 672, 677
-
NIE on, 662–664, 737, 778
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 631–632, 637, 638–640
-
NSC discussion of, 645–647
-
NSC report, 710, 713, 714
-
Riddleberger on, 636, 644–645, 647–649, 652n
, 680,
734, 757, 800–801, 803–807
-
Tito talks, 636, 644–645, 647–649, 652n
, 680, 734, 757, 800–801, 803–807
-
Tito visit to
U.S., cancelled, 763–765
- Soviet Union and, 625, 650, 652–653, 658,
672–673,
702, 737, 748, 779, 800, 802–803, 805–806
- German unification, 643, 685–687
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, recognition of, 803–805
-
Khrushchev, 728–730, 747, 759, 764, 779–780
- Soviet bloc, 695–697, 703–704, 730
- visit to USSR, 728–734, 742, 744, 764
- U.S. aid, 648, 728, 737, 803–806
- U.S. military ties with Yugoslavia, 622, 623, 628, 641–644, 748,
757, 804–805
- visit to U.S., 759–765, 772
- Torbert, H. G., 16
- Trieste settlement, 624, 627, 632–633, 634–635, 636, 678
-
Trimble, William C., 161–163, 450–453, 469, 472, 477–483
-
Truman, Harry S., 419,
434
- Turkey:
- Baghdad Pact, 688
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 317
-
NATO defense of, 5
- Soviet Union, 673
- Yugoslavia, 624, 626, 627, 633, 636,
640, 648, 658, 661, 671
-
Twining, Gen. Nathan F.,
115, 613–615
-
Tyler, William R.,
47–48
- Ulbricht, Walter, 537, 604
- U.N. Economic and Social Council, 61, 100, 551
- United Kingdom:
- Austria, territorial integrity of, 27,
38
- Berlin:
- arrest of Soviet soldiers in U.K. zone, 407–409
- Autobahn, 382, 393–394
- military planning, 411–412, 425, 427, 429–430
- Soviet war memorial in U.K. zone, 408–409
- tripartite planning, 513–514, 519, 523
- access issues, 393–394, 432–433, 462, 464, 469–472, 477–480, 483–485, 491, 493, 494, 501–503, 506, 512–519, 522, 526, 528–529, 531
- intracity movements, 510, 515
- intrazonal movements, 516
- Cyprus, 64
- disarmament, 91
- economic situation, general, 91, 137, 310
- Egypt, 173, 174, 178
-
Eisenhower on policy of, 412
-
EURATOM, 240
- European integration, 71, 215–216, 239–241, 265, 276
- German unification, 574
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 538,
544–545,
787–788
- civil unrest, response, 535,
591
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 91–92, 118, 136–138, 346
-
Adenauer on, 232, 280–281
-
Dulles on, 188, 240, 243
- economic relations, 188, 302
- U.K. forces in, 198–199, 236–237, 238, 261–263, 277, 344–345
- international decline, 280–281
- Middle East and, 71, 74, 75, 118, 139,
189–190,
203, 205, 234–235, 243
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 71,
91, 108,
137–138,
155, 215–216, 220–221, 232, 261–263
- nuclear power, 119, 240, 293,
294
- nuclear weapons, 91, 119, 151,
238, 293
- Saar, 120
- Soviet Union and, 115
- Berlin, U.K. zone:
- arrest of Soviet soldiers in, 407–409
- war memorial in, 408–409
- Suez crisis, 139, 189, 243
- Yugoslavia, 618, 764
- United Nations:
- Austria, 9–10, 36, 37–38, 43, 46
- South Tyrol question, 41, 55
- Berlin, 524
- German unification, 165–166, 574,
608
- Germany, Democratic Republic of:
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 70
- Hungary, 770, 771, 800
- nuclear disarmament, 295
- nuclear power, 140
- Suez crisis, 175, 177, 203,
204, 205, 671–672, 756, 770, 792
- Yugoslavia, 626, 628, 671–672, 713,
718–719,
735, 755–756, 770, 771,
792, 800
- Uruguay, 553
- U.S. Information Agency, 26
- Van Zeeland, Paul, 37
- Venezuela, 204
- Versailles Treaty, 684
- Vietnam, 143, 151
-
Vilfan, Joze, 615, 617, 647, 649, 680, 686, 761, 803
- Von Brentano. See Brentano, Heinrich von.
- Vukmanovic-Tempo, Svetozr N.,
650, 674, 674–676, 720, 722, 723, 752
-
Wallner, Woodruff, 638, 650, 656, 715, 722, 724
-
Walmsley, Walter N., Jr.,
259
-
Walters, Vernon A., 345,
723
- War reparations:
- Austria:
- Nazis, Jewish claims against, 11, 24, 52
- Soviet claims against, 34, 53
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 103,
134, 206
-
Waters, Gen. John K.,
758, 776–777
- Weapons (see also
Germany, Federal Republic of: rearmament; Nuclear weapons):
- Austria:
- phase-out of deployment in, 3–7
- supply to, 1–2, 7, 9, 12,
14–15, 17, 18, 19–20, 23–24,
35, 36, 39–40, 44
- disarmament, conventional weapons, 269–270, 271
- Egypt, Soviet arms sales to, 671, 688, 689,
690, 701
- Weeks, Sinclair, 52, 368
- Welcke, Baron von, 69, 202, 208, 212, 215
- Western European Union. See
European integration.
- Westrick, Paul, 76–77
- White, Lincoln, 43
- Wiley, Alexander, 285
-
Wilson, Charles E.,
3–5, 9, 39–40,
400, 613–615, 701–703
- World Federation of Trade Unions, 49
- World Peace Council, 48, 49
-
Wyszynski, Stefan Cardinal, 762
- Yugoslavia, 611–810
- Austria and, 4–5, 625, 642
- Balkan Alliance, 623–625, 627,
633, 637, 643, 650, 661, 671, 673,
694–695,
702, 710, 711, 714
- Catholic Church, 700, 760, 761–763
- China, People’s Republic of, 616, 620, 621,
657, 691–694, 699, 717,
730
-
CIA on, 646, 715, 747, 786
- Communist party, 655, 718, 772
-
Dedijer–Djilas affair, 615–616, 617–620, 770
- disarmament, 657, 719
-
Dulles and, 660–661, 668n
, 670–672, 733–736, 799–801
- China, People’s Republic of, 621, 691–694
- German Democratic Republic recognition by, 787–790, 800
- Soviet Union, 650–651, 652–653, 679, 739, 748–749
-
Tito meeting with,
680–701, 703–704, 706, 804
-
Tito visit to
U.S., 759–762
- U.S. aid to, 652–653, 678–679, 734–736, 738–739, 748–749, 781–786, 794–795, 798n
, 799–801
- economic conditions, general, 629,
674–676
-
Eisenhower on, 613, 660–661, 678–679
- Chinese People’s Republic-U.S. relations, 621
-
Tito:
- correspondence with, 667, 668, 669–670, 676–678, 679–680, 698–699, 706–707, 746, 754–757, 804
- German Democratic Republic recognition by, 803, 805
- visit by, 759–765, 772
- U.S. aid to, 638–639, 748–752, 768–769, 774–775, 798–799, 801, 804
- European Defense Community, 624, 626
- European integration, 624, 625, 626,
628
- European security pact, 682–683
- Export-Import Bank, 644n
, 667, 668, 676,
739, 744
- France, tripartite policy, 618, 619, 648–649, 658,
660, 667
- German unification, 639n
, 642, 685–687
- Germany, Democratic Republic of:
- economic relations, 739, 743–744
- recognition of, 313–314, 316, 332, 551, 673, 769, 781, 786–793, 800, 803–805
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 100,
313–315,
316, 332, 788–791, 800
- Greece, 626, 636, 640, 658, 671
- Hungary, 673–674, 755–756, 759,
769, 770, 771, 773, 799–800
- India, 62, 625
- Italy:
-
JCS position, 613–615, 636–638, 646, 701–703, 801
- Middle East, 756, 770, 781,
792
- military forces of, 624, 631, 766–767
- neutrality and normalization, 625–626, 628,
630, 635, 636n
,
639–642,
652–654,
656–658,
672, 677, 709–710, 742, 796–797
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 612–614, 616–617, 624, 627,
629, 631, 637–640, 642, 683, 702,
709, 711, 713
-
NIE on, 662–664, 736–737
-
NSC discussions of, 645–647, 703–704, 747–748
-
NSC reports on, 630n
, 632–635, 704–706, 707–714, 740–746, 768–773, 801
- nuclear energy, nonmilitary, 657, 668, 713
- Organization for European Economic Cooperation, 625
- Poland, 741–742, 769, 770, 773
- propaganda efforts of U.S., 705
-
SACEUR, 613, 614, 683
- Socialist party, 778–780
- Soviet bloc, 624–625, 656–657, 660–661, 667,
673, 735–736, 741–742, 747, 754–755, 759,
769–770,
778, 802
- Soviet Union, 620–622, 625,
629, 635, 650–658, 660–661, 672–673, 700,
708, 709–712, 715–718, 725, 735,
747–749,
769, 777–780, 782–786, 790, 791,
794, 796–797, 799–800, 802–803, 805
- Balkans, 624–625, 627, 673
-
Bulganin on, 619, 650, 656, 673, 698, 716, 747
-
Dulles on, 650–651, 652–653, 679, 739, 748–749
- economic cooperation, 626–627, 629, 657, 665–666, 675, 715, 739, 742, 743–744, 752, 753, 764, 769, 773, 802
-
Khrushchev, 314, 619, 620, 650, 654–656, 698, 715–718, 802
- military relations, 729, 802
-
NSC reports on, 741–742, 772–773
- party ties, 665
-
Riddleberger on,
619–620, 622, 624–626, 628–630, 719, 734, 752–753, 758–759, 779–781, 800, 805–806
-
Tito
talks, 636, 644–645, 647–649, 652n
, 680, 734, 757, 800–801, 803–807
-
Tito visit
to U.S., cancelled, 763–765
- Stalin and Stalinism, 624,
625, 628, 658, 692–693, 696, 698, 715–718, 732, 785–786, 788, 802
-
Tito on, 625, 650, 652–653, 658, 672–673, 702, 737, 748, 779, 800, 802–803, 805–806
- tripartite policy, 618, 619, 648–649, 658,
660, 667
- Turkey, 624, 626, 627, 633, 636,
640, 648, 658, 661, 671
- United Nations, 626, 628, 671–672, 713,
718–719,
735, 755–756, 770, 771,
792, 800
- U.S. aid, 633–634, 636–639, 644–645, 664,
666–668,
675–676,
678–679,
705, 708–709, 711–714, 721, 722,
727–728,
734–741,
743, 745–746, 752–753, 770–772, 775, 778,
789–790,
793–801,
803, 806
-
Dulles on, 652–653, 678–679, 734–736, 738–739, 748–749, 781–786, 794–795, 798n
, 799–801
-
Eisenhower on, 638–639, 748–752, 768–769, 774–775, 798–799, 801, 804
- Mutual Security Program, 612,
634, 667n
, 668, 737–739, 740–741, 748–751, 758, 769, 770–771, 789, 791, 794–796, 798–801
- U.S. educational programs, 635
- U.S. military aid, 627, 633, 636–637, 644–645, 649,
659–660,
664, 666–667, 676, 705,
708–709,
711–713,
719–726,
739, 744–745, 753, 757–759, 765–768, 768–772, 774–777, 789–792, 799,
800, 804–805, 807–808, 809–810
- U.S. military ties, 611–615, 622,
623, 631, 633, 636–638, 641–645, 659–660, 678–679, 701–703, 808–809
-
Zellerbach, James D., 56
-
Zhukov, Marshal Georgi K.:
-
Zorin, Valerian A., 60,
431, 451, 530, 537, 541, 550