Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957,
Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1957, Volume XVII
Index
-
Abdul, Hassan, 397
-
Abdullah, King of Jordan, 843
-
Abramov, Alexander N., 91
-
Adams, Sherman, 215
-
Adib, Mamdouh, 102
- Afghanistan, 600
-
Albert, Carl, 214
- Algeria, 142, 860
-
Allen, Leo E., 214
-
Alphand, Hervé, 21, 249–251, 285, 289n
, 296,
305, 339, 350, 359, 415n
, 528n
, 572n
, 587, 622–623, 624
-
Amer, Gen. Abdul Hakim, 786, 828
-
Amin, Moustafa, 26
-
Anderson, Robert B., 40, 738, 739–740
-
Anis, Abrahim, 332
- Aqaba, Gulf of. See
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits.
- Arab boycott of Israel, 702, 703, 704
- Arab investment bank, proposed, 858, 861
- Arab-Israeli dispute (see also
Arab-Israeli settlement). See:
- Arab boycott of Israel
- Arms shipments to Arab countries under
Israel
- Banat Yacub incident
- Fedayeen
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of
- Gaza administration issue
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits
- Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute
- Syria, possible conflict with under
Israel
- Arab-Israeli settlement (see also
Arab-Israeli dispute). See:
- Boundaries issues
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to
- Palestinian refugees
- Arab Summit Conference (Cairo, February 1957), 310, 323n
-
Arends, Leslie C., 214
-
Argaman, Zev, 225n
-
Armstrong, W. Park, Jr., 209n
, 590–591, 594n
-
Asbjornson, Mildred J., 29n
, 187n
, 239n
, 244n
, 245n
, 345n
, 347n
, 369n
-
Asha, Rafik, 620n
-
al-Assali, Sabri, 459n
-
Aswan Dam (see
also
Congress, U.S.: Review of
Middle East policy):
- Funding for, 778
- U.S. decision re:
-
Dulles’ defense of,
499
- Egyptian reaction, 175, 588
-
Hoover’s views,
653–654
- State Department memorandum on, 626–631
- Australia, 67, 540,
579–580, 725
- Azkoul, 86, 89
-
Azzam Pasha, Abdul Rahman, 605–608, 636–641, 648, 656–657, 659, 660, 685–687, 691n
,
722, 744
- Baghdad Pact, 16, 588, 696n
,
729, 733, 801
-
Bailey, Ronald, 492, 595n
-
Balkhair, Abdullah, 323
- Banat Yacub incident, 849
- Bank of International Settlements, 478, 487, 521n
-
Baraduc, Pierre, 296
-
Barawy, Achid, 802
-
Barbour, Walworth, 245
-
Barco, James W., 56, 97, 144, 245, 427, 526n
-
Barnes, Robert G., 29, 745n
-
Barnes, Roswell, 239–240
-
Baxter, William O., 779,
780
-
Beal, John Robinson, 499
-
Beam, Jacob D., 511
-
de Beaumarchais, J.D.C., 601
-
Becker, Loftus E., 656n
, 679–680, 681, 688, 691n
, 694, 722, 765n
-
Beeley, Harold, 452, 584n
-
Beliard, Jean, 21, 285
-
Bell, James O., 851–852
-
Bender, Albert F., Jr., 33–34
-
Ben Gurion, David:
- Border settlements, defense of, 384
- Economic situation, 384
- Egyptian troops, attacks on, 7, 13
-
Eisenhower, communications
with, 79–80,
82–84,
89–90,
109–112,
225–227,
235, 308–309, 312–313, 345–350, 379–380, 410–411, 428–430
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
-
Eisenhower,
communications with, 410–411, 428–430
- Israeli return in response, 351, 352, 383–384, 385
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 5–6, 13, 274, 278
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 13–14, 46, 406, 429
- Gaza administration issue:
- Israeli civil administration, 171–172
- U.N. commission to deal with, proposed, 200, 204
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
-
Hammarskjöld, attitude
toward, 6–7
- Israeli troop withdrawals:
- Declaration of withdrawal, 300–301, 304, 308–309, 337, 345, 347–350
-
Eisenhower,
communications with, 79–80, 82–84, 89–90,
109–112, 225–227, 235, 308–309, 312–313, 345–350, 379–380
- Israeli Government meetings on, 91n
, 228, 229, 237–238
- Israeli reluctance, reasons for, 379, 384
- Israeli revised position, 235,
237–238
- Non-belligerency issue, 148–149
- Process of withdrawal, 359
-
UNGA debate
re, 73n
- U.S. aide-mémoire on, 170–172, 188, 189
- Jordanian-Israeli relations, 772, 857
- Palestinian refugees, 172
-
Richards Mission, 598, 601
- Soviet influence in Middle East, 727,
728
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 111,
123, 148, 200, 203–204
- U.S. security guarantee for Israel, 793n
-
Bennike, Gen. Vagn, 849n
-
Bennsky, George M., 649,
662n
-
Berding, Andrew H., 511, 546n
-
Bergus, Donald C., 10n
, 43n
, 44n
, 61, 73n
, 82n
, 112,
145, 225n
, 226n
, 270n
, 386, 394n
, 412n
, 433, 489, 492n
, 504, 552n
, 603, 620n
, 634, 637n
, 643, 645, 652n
, 655, 661n
, 701, 708n
, 712n
, 727, 747, 772n
,
788n
, 792n
, 793, 821, 828, 831
- Bermuda Conference (March 1957):
-
Bernau, Phyllis D., 112n
, 115n
, 126n
, 137n
, 138n
, 147n
, 151, 156n
, 196n
, 198n
,
199n
, 201n
, 206n
, 212n
, 213n
, 227n
, 228n
, 229n
, 271n
, 272n
, 273n
, 274n
, 275n
, 279n
, 283n
, 284n
, 290n
, 304n
, 317n
, 330n
, 337n
, 338n
, 357n
, 361n
, 377n
, 442n
, 467n
, 512n
, 564n
, 569n
, 619n
, 656n
, 660n
, 744n
, 859n
-
Berry, James Lampton, 701, 706, 710n
, 765n
-
Bishop, F.A., 452
-
Bizri, Gen. Afif, 801–802
-
Black, Eugene, 653, 739, 775–778, 838–840
-
Blackiston, Slator C., 14n
-
Blake, Eugene C., 240
-
Boggs, Marion W., 695
- Boundaries issue:
- Military enforcement of boundaries, 837–838, 852–856
- U.N. partition resolution of 1947-48 as
basis for settlement, 842–844, 847–850
-
Bourgès-Maunoury, Maurice, 414n
, 415n
-
Bowie, Robert, 29, 209n
- Brook, Sir Norman, 452, 774
- Brown, Elizabeth A., 779
-
Bulganin, Nikolai A., 17
-
Bunche, Ralph J., 46, 122, 123, 143, 150, 276, 277, 398, 399, 405, 417, 444, 447n
, 474n
, 500
- Bunker, Ellsworth, 556n
-
Burdett, William C., Jr., 636n
, 642n
, 645n
-
Burgess, W. Randolph, 179, 738
-
Burke, Adm. Arleigh T., 558, 853–856
-
Burns, Maj. Gen. E.L.M., 6, 27n
, 28, 333, 351, 359, 361, 372, 396, 404, 405, 423, 442, 444, 474–475, 476–477
- Byrd, Harry F., 69
-
Byroade, Henry A., 413
-
Caccia, Sir Harold, 452, 762, 766, 774
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 319
- Suez Canal, 63–64
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 492–494, 547n
- Negotiations on reopening, proposed, 42, 64
- U.K. resumption of use, 616–617
-
UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 515n
, 528n
, 539n
, 550, 561n
, 564, 572, 581n
, 584
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 240–243
- Canada, 121, 633,
725
- Cannon, Clarence, 214, 619n
-
Cargo, William I., 697n
- Caruthers, Osgood, 839
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 209–211, 590–595, 604, 619
-
Chamoun, Camille, 609
- China, People’s Republic of, 175
-
Chiperfield, Robert B., 214
-
Clapp, Gordon R., 662n
- Clapp mission, 662
-
Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 143, 147, 150, 207
-
Comay, Michael S., 350, 793n
- Congress, U.S.:
- Acts of:
- Mutual Security Act of 1954, 8, 745
- Mutual Security Act of 1957, 745
- Aswan Dam (see
Review of Middle East policy
below)
-
Eisenhower Middle East
policy, consideration of, 69–70, 122
- Israeli troop withdrawals, resolution on, 218–219, 221–222, 250
- Legislative leaders meeting with Eisenhower, 214–224, 231–232
- Palestinian refugees, 743
- Review of Middle East policy (see
also
Suez crisis
below), 69–70, 122, 626
- Suez crisis, intelligence on, 590, 592, 619
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, opposition to, 139–140, 142–143, 144, 147,
196, 215–224, 231–232
-
Cook, Charles D., 860
-
Corbett, Jack C., 362n
-
Cordier, Andrew W., 93–94, 99, 106, 122, 123, 153n
, 247, 277, 278, 324, 361–362, 367, 399, 570n
, 741n
-
Coulson, Sir John, 318, 564, 572n
, 586n
, 623
-
Crosthwaite, Ponsonby M., 373
-
Cumming, Hugh S., Jr., 696n
-
Cunningham, Joseph H., 679
-
Cutler, Robert, 100, 695
-
Dale, William N., 762
-
Daridan, Jean, 285, 296
-
Dayan, Maj. Gen. Moshe, 359
-
De Palma, Samuel, 27n
, 31n
, 44n
, 58n
, 75, 142n
, 306,
311n
, 473n
, 511, 515–517, 550n
, 553n
, 575n
,
585, 586n
-
Dean, Arthur H., 138, 201–203, 206–207, 212, 227–228, 233–234, 253, 279
-
Dean, P.H., 452
- Denmark, 580, 725
-
Dillon, C. Douglas, 286, 295, 381, 468, 504, 511, 738, 739, 776, 788n
, 846
- Egypt, U.S. sanctions against, 693,
778, 840
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 422n
- Israel, U.S. economic assistance for, 650–651, 652, 653n
- Suez Canal, 550n
, 584, 585, 616n
, 617,
774
- Clearance costs, repayment of, 694, 765n
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 431n
, 432n
, 485n
, 494n
, 496n
, 509n
, 529n
, 553n
,
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 421n
- Negotiations, responsibility for, 362
-
UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 511, 526n
, 528n
, 539n
, 546, 547n
, 572, 583n
, 621n
, 622
- Suez Canal Users Association, 575n
, 576n
-
al-Din, Zakarya Muhi-, 594
-
Dirksen, Everett S., 219,
221
-
Dixon, Sir Pierson, 27n
, 57, 140n
, 365–366, 373, 544, 550, 581n
, 585, 586
-
Dorman, John, 762, 766
-
Drain, Richard D., 619n
-
Dulles, Allen W., 47–48, 51, 74, 99, 116n
, 209n
, 151, 510, 565n
,
566, 694–695, 744, 840
- Suez crisis, U.S. intelligence re, 590–595, 619
-
Dulles, John Foster, 1–3
- Arab attitudes toward, 744
- Arab-Israeli dispute, intractability of, 29
- Arms shipments to Arab countries, 703,
733
- Aswan Dam decision, 499, 626, 627n
- Baghdad Pact, 733
- Bermuda Conference, 448n
, 450–451, 454–461, 463n
- Boundaries issue, 837n
, 842–844, 847–850
-
Eban, meetings with, 158–170, 180–187, 189–194, 254–267, 291–295, 299–303, 311–317, 325–326, 340–347, 351–355, 356–357, 433–441, 701–705, 727–733, 747–749, 779–785, 828–830, 831–832
- Egypt:
- Cotton sales to U.S., 451
- Funds frozen in U.S., 41–42, 450–451, 738, 753
- Jews in, 12
- Jordan, relations with, 795–796
- Positive neutrality policy, 753–754
- Soviet Union, relations with, 776–777
- United Kingdom, financial relations with, 764, 826–827
- United States, relations with, 11–12, 645–648, 721n
, 752–755, 776–777, 788n
, 795, 796, 805–806
- U.S. economic assistance, 468
- U.S.-U.K. policy toward, 763–764
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Complete takeover by Egypt, 438–439, 442, 444, 456
-
Hammarskjöld,
communications with, 442–444
- Israeli concerns, U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 433–441
- Israeli return in response, 352–357, 359, 368–370, 375–376, 377, 418n
-
Nasser,
communications with, 445–447
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 2–3, 10, 263–265, 271–275, 279, 287–289, 291–294, 296–298, 312, 325–326
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 361
- French position, 350
- Israeli side, stationing on, 440
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 2–3, 10, 115, 152, 202n
, 268, 293, 330
- U.N. report on, 244–245
- Gaza-Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits settlements, link between, 191, 202,
263
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Free navigation issue, 11, 31, 104–105, 151–152, 155, 190–191, 242, 250, 260–262, 659, 680–688, 694
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 455, 466n
, 660–661
- Israeli military activity, possible, 684–685
- Israeli protection of its own ships, 261
- Israeli warships in, 614, 616n
, 625, 643–645, 656, 659n
, 683, 704
- Pilgrims’ passage issue, 684,
687
- UNEF for, 261, 455
- U.S. assurances to Israel, 116, 120, 129, 201n
, 286
- U.S. ships in Gulf following Israeli withdrawal, 253, 260, 454–455, 557–558
-
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, 442–444, 467–469
- Israel:
- Collective security arrangement, Israeli interest in, 828–830
-
Eisenhower Doctrine
as security guarantee, 732, 733
- Export-Import Bank loan, 845n
, 846n
- Fedayeen raids against, 14–15
- Immigration to, 655–656, 775
- Jordan, relations with, 772–773
- Soviet Union, relations with, 748
- Syria, possible conflict with, 620–621, 695, 704, 731–732, 733
- U.N. sanctions against:
- Arab-Asian resolution, 15, 28, 44, 53n
, 147, 197, 198–199
- Congress, U.S., opposition of, 139, 142–143, 144, 147, 188, 196, 216–218, 220, 221, 223, 231–232
-
Eisenhower-Macmillan communications re, 252n
- Israeli declaration to withdraw and, 334
- Israeli position, 294
- Schedule for debate, 181–182, 187, 192, 194, 266, 301
- Security Council as forum for, 143–144
- U.S. position, 102–103, 121–122, 136–137, 301–302
- U.S. resolution, 196,
230, 232–233, 236, 241, 243, 280, 284–285, 290, 304
- U.S. economic assistance, 40–41, 505n
, 552–553, 655–656, 705
- U.S. military assistance, 106,
713n
- U.S. security guarantee, 195,
780–785, 792–793
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 38n
, 79–80, 82n
- Declaration of withdrawal, 298–306, 309–310, 311–313, 317–320, 325–326, 330–331, 332–336, 338, 341–347
-
Eban, private
conversations with, 206–207, 212, 227–228
-
Eisenhower-Ben
Gurion communications, 225n
, 226n
- Israeli aide-mémoire on, 160–165, 178–179
- Israeli revised position, 229,
260–267, 268–270, 291–294
- Process of withdrawal, 333,
335, 346, 347, 355
- U.N. attitudes, Israeli hope to change, 193–194
-
UNGA debate on, 58, 72–73, 179–180
- U.S. aide-mémoire on, 118–121, 125–132, 147n
, 156–158, 163, 187–188, 190–191
- U.S.-Arab discussions re, 154–155
- U.S.-French discussions re, 249–251
- U.S.-Israeli bilateral negotiations, proposed, 162, 178
- U.S. policy to apply pressure, 94
- U.S. position, 24–25, 27–28, 179, 183–186
- U.S. religious groups’ position, 239–240
- Jordan, 732–733
- Loss of Middle East, fears re, 188
-
Meir, meetings with, 299–303, 377–378, 433–441
- Middle East, Eisenhower
policy on, 30, 69, 122
-
Nasser:
- U.S. approach for dealing with, 445–448, 450–451
- U.S. recognition as Arab leader, 737, 777
-
NATO, 748–749, 828–830, 841
- Oil supplies for Europe, 236–237, 242–243, 251,
267
- Operation Stockpile, 106
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to:
- Palestinian refugees, 661, 674, 704–705, 743n
, 747n
, 797n
, 807,
816, 859
- Israeli acceptance of repatriation and compensation, 706–707
- “Third party” involvement in arranging settlement, 707, 821–825
-
Richards Mission, 552–553, 565, 566
- Saud, meeting with, 77
- Saudia Arabia, U.S. military assistance to, 644
- Soviet influence in Middle East, concerns about, 732, 752–755, 782–783
- Suez Canal:
- Alternatives, need for, 602–603
- Clearance costs, repayment of, 765–766
- Clearing operations, 1–2, 3–4
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 431n
, 432, 449–450, 473–474, 482–484, 485n
, 488, 492–494, 496–497, 509–515, 519, 527–530, 550–551, 553–556, 569–570, 601–602
-
Eisenhower-Macmillan communications re, 574n
-
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, 442–444, 467–469
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 117–118, 140, 152–154, 205–206, 251, 400, 403, 457–458, 460–461, 467–469
- Israeli access issue, 100–101, 121–122, 468, 514–515
- Negotiations on reopening, proposed, 22–23, 40, 52–53, 63–64,
65–66
- U.K. resumption of use, 616–617
-
UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration (first round), 511–512, 515n
, 525–526, 550–551, 561n
, 562–565, 569n
, 571–572, 573
-
UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration (second round), 582–583, 584–586, 595–596, 621, 624
- U.S. information activities re, 531–532
- U.S. working group on Canal issues, 362
- Suez Canal Company, settlement with Egypt, 738, 753, 775–776
- Suez Canal Users Association, 575–577
- Suez crisis:
- Syria, 25, 734n
- U.N. debate (see
UNGA debate
re
under
Israeli troop withdrawals
above)
- U.N. sanctions against Israel (see under
Israel
above)
- UNEF funding, 770–771, 820
-
UNRWA funding, 747n
, 797n
-
Eban, Abba, 43, 73, 492n
, 654, 759
- Arms shipments to Arab countries, concerns about, 701–702, 729–730
- Collective security arrangement, Israeli interest in, 794, 828–830
-
Dulles, meetings with, 158–170, 180–187, 189–194, 254–267, 291–295, 299–303, 311–317, 325–326, 340–347, 351–355, 356–357, 433–441, 701–705, 727–733, 747–749, 779–785, 828–830, 831–832
- Egypt, nationalism in, 754
-
Eisenhower Doctrine as
security guarantee for Israel, 183, 730
- Export-Import Bank loan, 845, 846n
- Fedayeen raids against Israel, 14, 15
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Complete takeover by Egypt, 438
- Israeli acceptance of token Egyptian presence, 425–426
- Israeli concerns, U.S.-Israeli discussion re, 438, 439, 441
- Israeli return in response, 351–355, 356–358, 364, 375, 441
-
Nasser’s purpose,
Israeli position on, 409–410
- Non-belligerency issue, 409
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 189–190, 264–265, 272–274, 275–278, 279, 291–295, 309, 312, 325–326
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 371
- Gaza administration issue:
- Israeli civil administration, 62–63, 127, 190, 193, 201–202, 259
- Local administration, 145
- U.N. commission to deal with, proposed, 183, 292
- U.S.-Israeli working group on, proposed, 135
- Gaza-Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits settlements, link between, 191, 202–203, 258–259
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Economic importance to Israel, 643–644
- Free navigation issue, 126–127, 159, 182, 186–187, 190–191, 201, 255, 702
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 506–507, 508
- Israeli protection of its own ships, 256, 307, 312
- Israeli warships in, 395, 616n
, 634–635, 642–645, 704
- Multinational declaration re, 257
- Pilgrims’ passage issue, 634–635, 637n
, 643
- UNEF for, 35–36, 61–62, 130, 159, 163, 191, 201, 183, 256, 257–258, 276, 277, 307–308
- U.S. ships in Gulf following Israeli withdrawal, 255, 394
-
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, briefing on,
505–506
- Immigration to Israel, 412n
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 35–36
- Declaration of withdrawal, 300–301, 306–309, 311–313, 325–326, 340–347
-
Dulles, private
conversations with, 206–207, 212, 227–228
- Israeli aide-mémoire on, 158–165
- Israeli reluctance to withdraw, 112–115, 128
- Israeli revised position, 254–267, 276–278, 291–295
- Negotiations with U.N. officials, 91, 92, 93–94,
97–98
- Non-belligerency issue, 130–131
- Process of withdrawal, 338n
, 339, 347
- U.N. attitudes, Israeli hope to change, 193–194
- U.S. aide-mémoire on, 119–120, 125–132, 134–135, 145–146, 189–191, 265–266, 267
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute, 779
- Jordanian-Israeli relations, 780, 831–832
-
NATO, 748–749, 781, 828–830
- Oil pipeline in Israel, 507
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 831–832
- Palestinian refugees, 159, 702–703, 833
-
Richards Mission, 552–553, 603
- Soviet influence in Middle East, concerns about, 727–730, 780–781
- Soviet-Israeli relations, 552, 747–748
- Suez Canal:
- Israeli access issue, 146,
395, 506, 509
- Political settlement, proposal for, 135
- Syrian-Israeli conflict, possible, 702, 730
- U.N. protections for Israel, inadequacy of, 185–186
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 113,
181–182,
192, 194, 265–266, 301
- U.S. economic assistance, 407, 410, 504–505, 552–553, 703
- U.S. military assistance, 712, 731
- U.S. security guarantee for Israel, 730, 780–785
-
Eden, Anthony, 458, 627
- Egypt (see also
Aswan Dam; Gaza, Egyptian
re-establishment in; Suez Canal; Egyptian subheadings under other subjects):
- Communists in, 16–17, 716, 802
- Cotton sales to U.S., 451
- Economic situation, 48, 49, 50, 74
- Funds frozen in U.S.:
- Egyptian demands for funds, 32,
49, 778
- French position, 776
- Funds frozen in U.K. and, 827
- Release of funds, conditions for, 738, 739, 753, 756–757, 775–776
- Saudi position, 230, 322
- U.K. position, 450–451
- U.S.-Egyptian discussions re, 739, 753, 756–757
- U.S. policy on, 41–42, 50,
213, 693, 738, 840
-
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations (see under
Suez Canal
below)
-
IFC, membership in, 778, 840
-
IMF withdrawals, 49, 50
- Imperialism concerns, 247–248
-
IPC pipeline, 176–177
- Israel, diplomatic contacts with, 248
- Jews in, 12, 20–21, 412
- Jordan, relations with, 48, 795–796, 800–801, 804
- National Intelligence Estimate on, 790–791
- Nationalism in, 632, 647, 754
- Political situation, 16–17, 74, 713–715
- Positive neutrality policy, 632, 646–647, 677, 716–717, 753–754, 777–778, 786
- Press vilification of U.S., 678
- Radio campaigns against, 20, 177, 588–589
-
Richards Mission, 565–566
- Soviet Union, relations with:
- Economic assistance, 48, 50, 631–632
- Military assistance, 438
-
Nasser’s attitude
toward, 16–18, 24, 513, 631–632, 716, 786, 802
- U.S.-Egyptian relations, impact on, 175, 752–755, 757, 758–759, 776–777, 786
- U.S. sanctions against Egypt and, 176, 322
- Suez Canal:
- Suez Canal Company, settlement with (see
also
Suez Canal
above), 738, 739, 753,
756–757,
775–776,
839–840
- Syria, relations with, 694, 740, 785–786, 801–802
- Turkey, relations with, 696
- United Kingdom, financial relations with, 711, 763–764, 826–827
- United States, relations with, 11–12, 247–248
-
Nasser’s attitude
toward, 174–176, 388, 587–590, 632, 677–679, 717, 789–790
- Rapprochement, possible, 752–759, 789–790, 795, 796, 800, 803–804
- Saudi Arabia consulted on, 805–806, 827–828
- Soviet-Egyptian relations, impact of, 175, 752–755, 757, 758–759, 776–777, 786
- Syrian situation and, 785–788
- U.S. economic assistance, 468–469
- U.S. military assistance, 213, 627–628
- U.S. objectives and policy for, 380–382, 386–392, 596–597
- U.S. Omega plan re, 608–610
- U.S. sanctions against (see also
Funds frozen in U.S.
above):
- U.S.-U.K. policy toward, 762–764
- Egyptian-American Rural Improvement Service, 787
-
Eisenhower, Dwight D. (see also
Eisenhower
Doctrine):
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 273
-
Ben Gurion, communications
with, 79–80,
82–84,
89–90,
109–112,
225–227,
235, 308–309, 312–313, 345–350, 379–380, 410–411, 428–430
- Bermuda Conference, 448n
, 450–451, 452–459, 461–462
- Congressional leaders, meetings with, 214–224, 231–232
- Egypt:
- Soviet Union, relations with, 50
- United Kingdom, financial relations with, 711
- United States, relations with, 790, 795, 796
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 422n
-
Ben Gurion,
communications with, 410–411, 428–430
- Israeli return in response, 356, 414n
, 415, 418–419
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 115, 272–273, 296
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 268, 422n
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Free navigation issue, 659–660, 687–690, 694
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 660–661
- Israeli warships in, 615n
, 636n
- Pilgrims’ passage issue, 116,
684, 687–688, 689
-
Saud,
communications with, 659, 687–691, 722, 734–736
- U.S. ships in Gulf following Israeli withdrawal, 253
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 147,
199, 252
- Israeli-Syrian conflict, possible, 695
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 102n
, 243
-
Ben Gurion,
communications with, 79–80, 82–84, 89–90,
109–112, 225–227, 235, 308–309, 312–313, 345–350, 379–380
- Declaration of withdrawal, 298n
, 308–309, 338, 345, 347–348
- Israeli aide-mémoire on, 178–179
- Israeli revised position, 229,
268–269
-
UNGA debate on, 179–180
- U.S. aide-mémoire on, 118–119, 126n
, 156–158, 195n
- Middle East policy, 7–8, 30
-
Nasser:
- Proposed meeting with, 739–740, 755
- U.S. approach for dealing with, 448, 450
- Nationalism and neutralism, views on, 453
-
Richards Mission, 393, 565
- Said, meeting with, 847
-
Saud, meetings with, 77, 80
-
Saud’s letter of
friendship, 323
- Suez Canal:
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 380–382, 458
-
Macmillan,
communications with, 574–575
- Negotiations on reopening, proposed, 40
-
UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 546, 585
- Suez crisis, 805
- Syria, 734–735
- United Kingdom, U.S. relations with, 453–454
-
Eisenhower Doctrine,
98, 174
-
Elbrick, C. Burke, 21, 209n
, 241, 249, 285, 295, 318, 362, 418n
, 421n
, 422n
,
452, 601, 624, 762, 766
- Eliav, Pinhas, 8–9
-
Engen, Hans, 67, 92, 364, 818–819, 821–825, 835–836, 860–863
-
Eshkol, Levi, 90, 598, 599, 600, 649–651, 654–656
- Ethiopia, 630, 729
- Export-Import Bank, 214, 215, 505, 553, 650, 651, 703, 839, 840, 845–846
-
Faisal, Crown Prince of Saudi
Arabia, 744
-
Faisal II, King of Iraq, 842
-
Falk, Elmer M., 610n
-
Faure, Maurice, 24
-
Fawzi, Mahmoud:
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 197n
, 360–361, 447n
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 46, 149, 360–361, 397
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 46, 477
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 54–55, 95–96, 141–142, 223n
, 304
- Israeli troop withdrawals:
- Declaration of withdrawal, 317, 325, 331
-
UNGA debate on:
- U.S. aide-mémoire on, 119–120
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 809
- Palestinian refugees, 742, 824, 860–861, 862–863
-
Richards Mission, 565, 566
- Suez Canal, 19, 22, 32, 57
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 430, 432, 469, 479–480, 498, 500n
, 502–504, 513, 514, 519, 520–522, 523, 530n
, 532n
, 536, 547, 559–561, 570n
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 697n
- Improvement fund, 521n
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 374, 389, 397, 427
-
UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 568–569
- Suez Canal Company, settlement with Egypt, 756–757, 840
- U.S.-Egyptian relations, 678n
, 758
- Fedayeen, 13, 14–15, 19–20, 103, 407
- Finland, 753, 776
-
FitzGerald, Dennis A., 745n
-
Flemming, Arthur S., 236, 242
-
Fobes, John E., 362n
, 745n
, 770n
, 820n
- Ford, Alan W., 553n
,
697n
-
Forrestal, James V., 137
-
Fox, Gen. Alonso, 105,
106
- France (see also French subheadings under other
subjects):
- Four-Power agreement on Suez Canal, 154, 205–206
- Gulf of Aqaba, multinational declaration on, 257
-
IMF withdrawals, 49
-
Mollet government, fall of,
624
- Oil supplies for, 237, 251
- Radio campaign against Egypt, 20
-
Frechtling, Louis E., 610n
- Free navigation issue. See under
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits.
- Freitas-Valle, 92
-
Frost, Adm. Lawrence H., 208
-
Fuad, Ahmed, 802
-
Fulbright, J. William, 30, 69, 70, 221–222, 223, 626
-
Furnas, Clifford C., 208
-
Galbun, Mahmud, 332
-
Gamon, David L., 14n
, 81n
, 398n
, 550n
, 610n
, 620n
, 642n
, 661n
, 698n
, 706, 828, 831, 860
-
Gardiner, George B., 712n
-
Garner, Robert Livingston, 778
-
Garvey, T.W., 452
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Administrative governor, appointment of:
- Arrival of governor, 424
- Egyptian position, 404–405, 419–421
-
Hammarskjold’s
position, 397, 399, 426
- Israeli position, 402–403, 408, 411
- Military confrontation due to, possible, 414–415
- U.S.-Egyptian discussions re, 398–399, 401, 404–405, 414–415, 419–421, 424
- U.S. position, 398–399, 408
- Complete takeover by Egypt, U.S.-Israeli concerns re, 438–439, 442, 444,
456
-
Dulles-Hammarskjöld communications re, 442–444
-
Dulles-Nasser communications re, 445–447
- Egyptian position, 360–361
-
Eisenhower-Ben Gurion communications re, 410–411, 428–430
- Israeli acceptance of token presence, 425–426
- Israeli concerns, U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 433–441
- Israeli return in response:
- French position, 350, 364, 414–416, 456
-
Hammarskjöld’s
position, 324
- Israeli position, 363–364, 383–384, 385, 403n
, 441, 456
- U.K. position, 414–415, 456
- U.S. position, 299, 351–359, 368–370, 372–373, 375–376, 377–378, 418–419
- Military forces in Gaza, 416–417, 422,
475
- Military forces in Sinai, 420, 423–424
-
Nasser’s purpose, Israeli
position on, 409–410
- Non-belligerency issue, 409, 480–481, 490–491
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of:
- Arab position, 334, 335
-
Eban-Hammarskjöld discussions,
276–279, 292
- Egyptian position, 197n
- French position, 287–289, 296–298
- Israeli position, 5–6, 13,
189–190, 263–265, 271–279, 291–295, 309, 312, 324, 325–326
- U.S. position, 263–265, 283
- U.S.-U.K. discussions re, 455–456
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 361–362
- Civil administration by UNEF, 423,
429
- Consultants to assist with, 143, 147, 150
- Currency issue, 372
- Dissolution of UNEF, possible, 441,
443–444
- Egyptian position, 360–361, 365,
405
- French position, 350
-
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, 474–477
-
Hammarskjöld’s report on,
244–246,
264
- Infiltrators, dealing with, 438, 474–476
- Initial takeover period, 370–371
- Israeli dissatisfaction with, 406–407
- Israeli satisfaction with, 702
- Israeli side, stationing on, 365, 367–368, 371
- Israeli-UNEF meetings, 359
- Legal status of UNEF, 365–366, 368
- Military forces, dealing with, 476–477
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of (see also
Israeli declaration of withdrawal
under
Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza:
UNGA debate
on), 2
- Egyptian position, 20, 149–150, 330
- French position, 250–251, 288–289
- Israeli position, 13–14, 43,
45–47, 159, 163, 202, 259, 316
- Time limitation issue, 288
- U.S. position, 10, 115, 152, 293
- U.N. Advisory Committee for, 397, 476
- U.S. assurances to Israel, 282–283
- U.S.-U.K. discussions re, 455–456
- Gaza administration issue (see also
Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in; Gaza, UNEF takeover of; and Declaration of withdrawal
under
Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza):
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits settlement, link to, 191, 202–203, 258–259, 263,
277, 283
- Israeli civil administration:
- Local administration, 145
- Moratorium on public comment, 371
- U.N. commission to deal with, proposed, 183, 187, 200, 204,
292
- U.N. long-term administration, proposed, 862–863
- UNEF civil administration, 423, 429
- U.S.-Israeli working group on, proposed, 135
- U.S. position, 328–329
-
George, Walter F., 15, 116, 142n
, 147, 310, 452
- Georges-Picot, Jacques, 325, 372–373
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 199, 209, 579, 725
- Ghana, 729
-
Gleason, S. Everett, 51, 101
-
Gohar, Lt. Col. Salah, 423
- Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 599
-
Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J.,
Jr., 200n
,
209n
, 215, 228n
, 295, 323n
, 380, 381–382, 387n
, 404n
, 410n
,
418n
, 422n
, 448, 452, 546n
, 547, 659, 713n
-
Gordon, Thomas S., 8, 214
-
Graham, J.A.N., 458n
-
Graham, Philip, 136n
-
Gray, Gordon, 105
-
Green, Joseph C., 122
-
Green, Theodore F., 69, 214
-
Greene, Joseph N., Jr., 27n
, 65n
, 659,
737, 749n
-
Gromyko, Andrei A., 732, 747–748, 749, 760, 777, 780, 782
-
Gruenther, Gen. Alfred M., 122
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Economic importance to Israel, 643–644
- Egyptian military activity, possible, 183
- Free navigation issue (see
also
ICJ
jurisdiction
below):
- Arab position, 123, 151
- Definition of terms, 159, 255, 260–261
- Egyptian position, 110, 123, 151, 173–174, 411
-
Eisenhower-Saud communications re, 659, 687–691, 722, 734–736
- French position, 24, 250
- Israeli position, 6, 8–9, 14, 126–127, 166, 169–170, 182–183, 186–187, 190–191, 204, 255, 313–315, 383, 437, 702
- Multinational declaration re, proposed, 250, 257, 261–262
- Saudi position, 103–104, 242, 322, 498–499, 606, 607n
, 686, 722
- Searches of ships, 455
- U.K. position, 242
- U.S. aide-mémoire on, 691–693, 694, 722, 736
- U.S. assurances to Israel, 115, 116, 120, 129, 133, 201, 282–283, 286
- U.S. position, 11, 31, 104–105, 133, 151–152, 155, 190–191, 260–261, 294–295, 313–314, 328, 390, 499, 606
- U.S.-Saudi exchanges of views, 659–660, 681–692
- U.S.-U.K. discussions re, 454–455, 466
- Gaza settlement, link to Gulf developments, 191, 202–203, 258–259, 263,
277, 283
-
ICJ jurisdiction:
- Egyptian position, 397
- Israeli position, 506–508
- Saudi position, 104, 606, 657, 722
- U.S. position, 104, 455, 507–508, 660–661, 683–684, 690, 691
- U.S.-U.K. joint statement on, 466
- Interim arrangement to govern shipping, proposed, 657, 679–680
- Israeli military activity, possible, 684–685
- Israeli protection of its own ships:
- Israeli warships in:
- Arab position, 625
- Israeli position, 634–635
- Saudi position, 605–608, 636–641, 648
- Tying up of warships, 616n
, 704
- U.N. consideration of, possible, 636–641, 648, 657
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 395, 634–635, 642–645
- U.S. position, 395, 625–626, 638, 683
- U.S.-Saudi discussions re, 605–608, 636–641, 648, 656–657
- U.S. strategy for dealing with, 614–616, 657–659, 679–681
- Israeli withdrawal from Sharm al-Sheikh. See
Declaration of withdrawal
under
Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and
Gaza.
- Pilgrims’ passage issue, 118–119
- Israeli position, 634–635, 643
- Saudi position, 116, 637, 657, 722
- U.S. position, 661, 684, 687–688, 689, 692
- Saudi policy of “closed Arab Gulf,” 102, 498–499, 606,
607n
, 686, 722
- U.N. neutral warship, proposed, 658–659
- UNEF for, 2, 25, 45–46
- Duration of deployment, 328
- Egyptian support for, 477
-
Hammarskjöld-Eban talks re, 91–93
- Israeli position, 35–36, 43,
61–62, 63, 115, 130, 166, 171, 183, 256, 257–258, 276, 307–308, 314
- Mission, definition of, 159,
163, 191, 201, 257–258, 262, 276
- Naval units, 256, 261, 277, 307
- Saudi position, 105
- U.S. position, 31, 261, 328, 422
- Withdrawal, conditions for, 257–258, 262, 269, 276, 314, 455
- U.S. ships carrying war materials to Israel, Saudi concerns re,
605–608
- U.S. ships in Gulf following Israeli withdrawal:
-
Gunewardene, R.S.S., 39
-
Hagerty, James C., 178n
, 195, 196, 199n
, 215, 236n
, 295, 422n
, 452
-
Haikal, Mohammed,
26, 710n
, 720n
, 723
-
Halleck, Charles, 219
-
Hammarskjöld, Dag:
-
Ben Gurion’s attitude
toward, 6–7
- Egyptian funds frozen in U.S., 41
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 365, 416–418, 425–426
- Administrative governor, appointment of, 397, 399
-
Dulles,
communications with, 442–444
-
Dulles-Nasser communications,
447n
,
459n
- Israeli return in response, 324, 363–364, 369–370, 372–373
- Non-belligerency issue, 480–481
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 273, 274–278, 279, 292, 324
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of:
- Initial takeover period, 370–371
- Israeli side, stationing on, 365, 367, 371, 373
- Legal status of UNEF, 365–366
-
Nasser,
negotiations with, 474–477
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 2, 43n
, 45–46, 149–150
- Report on, 244–246, 264
- U.N. Advisory Committee for, 397
- Gaza administration, 197
- Moratorium on public comment, 371
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Free navigation issue, 124
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 397
- UNEF for, 2, 25, 31n
, 45–46, 62, 130, 276, 277, 477
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 123,
143
- Israeli-Jordanian relations, 832n
, 857
- Israeli troop withdrawals:
- Declaration of withdrawal, 317, 319, 324
- Egyptian forces used in event of failure to withdrawal,
56–57
- Israeli revised position, 276–278, 279
- Negotiations with U.N. officials, 91–94, 97–98
- Process of withdrawal, 366
- Reports to UNGA, 123–124, 141, 150, 385–386
- Suez Canal settlement and, 32–33
-
UNGA debate on, 57, 61,
67–68, 72
- U.S. aide-mémoire, 119, 120n
, 122–125
- Middle East, U.S. aid policies, 2–3
- Middle East visit (December 1957), 857–858
-
Nasser, assessment of,
442
- Negotiations with Nasser, 457, 467
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 809
- Palestinian refugees, 663, 741–742, 751, 808,
816, 823, 824, 858–859
- Suez Canal (see also
Negotiations with Nasser
above), 100–101
- Clearance costs, repayment of, 724, 726, 765, 766n
- Clearing operations, 1–2, 3
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 477–481, 544n
, 546n
, 547–549, 554n
, 568, 570n
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 697
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 106, 206n
, 374, 397, 421, 427
- Israeli access issue, 372,
374, 479–480
- Israeli troop withdrawals linked to Canal settlement, 32–33
- Negotiations on reopening, proposed, 22, 23, 40, 57,
65, 92–93, 124
-
UNSC consideration of,
544
- Suez Canal Company, settlement with Egypt, 756
-
UNRWA, 797, 798
-
Hanes, John W., Jr., 681, 745–747, 765n
, 816n
, 820n
-
Hare, Raymond A., 11n
, 247–249, 322–323, 430–431, 459n
, 564n
, 800–802
-
Nasser, interviews with,
16–21,
26, 173–177, 388, 404–405, 419–421, 423–424, 500–502, 518–519, 536–538, 631–632
-
Nasser-Humphrey meeting, 587–590
-
Richards Mission, 565, 566
- Suez Canal:
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 432n
, 469n
, 498, 500–504, 518–519, 520–524, 526–527, 530n
, 532n
, 536–538, 541–542, 559–561, 574
-
UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 527, 542–543, 546, 568–569
- Suez crisis, 594
- U.S.-Egyptian relations, 388, 631–632, 677–679
-
Harlow, Bryce N., 215
-
Hassanein, Magdi, 802
- Hatem, 420, 424
-
Hayden, Carl, 214
-
Hayter, Sir William, 774
-
Hazlett, Capt. E. E., 805
-
Heath, Donald R., 859–860
-
Heeney, Arnold, 318, 319
-
Hegelan, Faisal, 332
-
Heikal, Mohammed. See
Haikal
.
-
Henderson, Loy W., 412n
, 483, 708
- Hennings, Thomas, Jr., 214
-
Herter, Christian A., 116n
, 196n
, 254, 291, 295, 299, 303, 340, 347n
, 351, 357, 380, 382, 415n
, 428n
, 492n
, 527n
, 531n
, 585, 712n
, 794, 850n
, 857–859
- Egyptian-Turkish relations, 695–696
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 439
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of:
- Civil administration by UNEF, 423
- Israeli side, stationing on, 386, 762
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 605n
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 507, 508
- Israeli warships in, 616n
, 634–635
- U.S. ships in Gulf following Israeli withdrawal, 378n
, 394
- Israel:
- Immigration to, 412, 761
- Oil pipeline, 508
- U.N. sanctions against, 142n
- U.S. economic assistance, 507
- U.S. military assistance, 712n
, 760
- Israeli troop withdrawals, UNGA
debate on, 385–386
- Palestinian refugees, 661, 698, 706,
741n
, 751n
, 833, 863n
-
Richards Mission, 566, 597n
- Saudi Arabia, U.S. military assistance to, 635
- Suez Canal:
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 483, 509n
, 540, 574
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 697
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 421
- Israeli access issue, 395–396
-
UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 539–540, 546n
, 547, 583–584, 586–587
-
UNRWA, 610, 613n
, 618, 816n
-
Herzog, Yaacov, 5, 8–9, 598, 759, 779, 793, 825, 828, 831, 833
-
Hill, Robert C., 187, 215, 310
-
Hilmi, Samir, 654
-
Hitchcock, James J., 593n
-
Hoffacker, Lewis, 213–214
-
Hoffman, Paul G., 137
-
Home, Lord, 400, 403
-
Hood, Viscount Samuel, 762, 766, 774
-
Hoover, Herbert, Jr., 48–50, 58n
, 604
-
Hope, C.P., 452
-
Houghton, Amory, 286, 295, 601
-
Howe, Fisher, 330n
, 380–381, 385n
, 404n
, 418n
, 422n
, 444n
, 482n
, 483–485, 499, 528n
, 545–547, 571n
, 604, 619n
, 661n
, 706–707, 751n
,
772n
, 792n
, 833n
-
Hoyer Millar, Sir Frederick, 452, 483, 493, 494
-
Hudson, Manley, 661
-
Humphrey, George, 49–50, 51, 100, 179, 180, 196, 237
-
Humphrey, Hubert H., 30,
587–589
-
al-Hussaini, Jamal Bey, 77
-
Hussein, King of Jordan, 148, 310n
, 323n
, 459n
,
531, 609, 657, 708, 772, 795, 804n
, 832
-
Hussein, Ahmed, 332, 335, 752–759, 789–790, 795n
, 800–802, 803, 806, 839
-
Iliff, William A., 839,
840
- Imperial Chemical Industries, 702
- India, 49, 50, 284n
, 777
- Intelligence Advisory Committee, 208
- Intelligence on Suez crisis. See
U.S. intelligence re
under
Suez crisis.
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (see also
Black,
Eugene
), 4, 501
- International Court of Justice (ICJ). See
ICJ
subheadings under
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits; Suez Canal.
- International Finance Corporation (IFC),
778, 840
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 41, 49–50
- Iran, 209, 580
- Iraq, 20, 26, 588, 609, 729
- Israel (see also
Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in; Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza; Israeli subheadings under other subjects):
- Arab boycott against, 702, 703, 704
- Arms shipments to Arab countries, concerns about, 701–702, 729–730
- Border settlements, defense of, 384
- Collective security arrangement, interest in, 783–784, 794, 828–830
- Economic situation, 384, 649–650
- Egypt, diplomatic contacts with, 248
- Egyptian troops, attacks on, 7, 11, 13
-
Eisenhower Doctrine as
security guarantee for, 183, 597–599, 600–601, 730, 732,
733, 760
- Export-Import Bank loan, 845–846
- Fedayeen raids against, 14–15, 19–20
- Gaza administration issue:
- Israeli civil administration, 62–63, 127, 171–172, 190, 192–193, 201–202, 212, 259
- UNEF takeover of, 13–14, 43,
45–47, 159, 163, 202, 259, 316, 429, 406–407, 702, 359, 365, 367–368, 371, 373, 386, 438, 439–440, 476, 762
- U.S.-Israeli working group on, proposed, 862–863
- Gulf of Aqaba/Straits of Tiran (see also
Free navigation issue
under
Gulf of Aqaba/Straits of Tiran):
- Israeli military activity, possible, 684–685
- Israeli protection of its ships, 256, 261, 283, 286, 307, 312, 315
- Israeli warships in, 616n
, 634–635, 704
- Arab position, 625
- Saudi position, 605–608, 636–641, 648
- U.N. consideration of, possible, 636–641, 648, 657
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 395, 634–635, 642–645
- U.S. position, 395,
625–626, 638, 683
- U.S.-Saudi discussions re, 605–608, 636–641, 648, 656–657
- U.S. strategy for dealing with, 614–616, 657–659, 679–681
- Housing projects, 600, 851–852
- Immigration to, 412–413, 552,
599–600,
649, 650, 655–656, 761, 762, 775
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute, 708–710, 723, 761,
762, 772, 779
- Jordan, relations with, 728, 772–773, 780, 831–832, 857
- Oil pipeline, 35, 62, 126, 507, 508
- Refugee situation, 667–668, 670–672, 699,
706–707,
810, 811, 817, 822, 836, 862
- New initiative, possible, 824,
825–826, 858, 859–860
- Policy on, 45, 46, 159, 167–168, 172, 663, 702–703, 833
-
Richards Mission, 552–553, 597–601, 603
- Sharm al-Sheik, withdrawal from. See
Declaration of withdrawal
under
Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and
Gaza.
- Soviet influence in Middle East, concerns about, 727–730, 780–781
- Soviet Union, relations with, 552,
747–748
- Suez Canal, access to, 2
- Egyptian position, 55, 121–122, 479–480, 502, 513
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 480, 513, 514–515
- Israeli position, 146, 169, 372, 374, 395, 491, 506, 509
-
JCS position, 100
- U.K. position, 468
-
UNGA consideration,
possible, 480
- U.S. position, 390, 468, 481, 491–492
- Syria, possible conflict with, 620–621, 694–695, 702, 704,
730, 731–732, 733, 760
- Tenth anniversary celebration, 703,
705
- U.K. firms’ withdrawal from, 702, 704
- U.N. protections, inadequacy of, 185–186
- U.N. sanctions against:
- Arab-Asian resolution, 15, 28, 53n
, 101
- Canadian position, 55, 209
- Congress, U.S., opposition of, 139–140, 142–143, 144, 147, 188, 196, 215–224, 231–232
- Effects of sanctions, U.S. estimate of, 208–211
- Egyptian draft resolution, 141–142
- Egyptian position, 54–55, 95–96, 98
- French position, 251
- French response, possible, 66,
208, 209–210
- Indian resolution, 284n
- Israeli declaration to withdraw and, 334
- Israeli position, 111, 113, 148, 200, 203–204, 294
- Israeli response, possible, 123
- Saudi position, 102, 103, 142
- Schedule for debate, 181–182, 187, 192, 194, 203–204, 225, 233–234, 265–266, 270, 271, 285, 301
- Security Council as forum for, 143–144
- Soviet-Arab resolution, 198
- U.S. position, 53–54, 99,
102–103, 121–122, 136–137, 215–224, 301–302
- U.S. resolution, 196, 230, 236
- U.S. economic assistance:
- Israeli requests for, 407,
410, 504–505, 552–553, 649–651, 655, 703
-
Richards Mission
and, 552–553
- U.S. policy, 40–41, 426, 507, 600, 652–653, 655–656, 705
- U.S. military assistance, 712–713, 731,
760, 761
- U.S. security guarantee (see also
Eisenhower Doctrine
above), 195, 780–785, 792–793
- Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza:
- Declaration of withdrawal:
- Arab response, 319–320, 326, 330, 332–336
- Development of Israeli policy. See
Israeli revised position
below.
- Egyptian position, 331
-
Eisenhower-Ben
Gurion communications re, 308–309, 312–313, 345–350
-
Hammarskjöld’s
position, 319, 324
- Israeli Government, impact on, 337, 349–350
- Notification of U.S. Middle East embassies, 309–310, 320–321
- Soviet rumors about, 333, 346
- Text of, 298–299, 311, 313–317, 325
-
UNGA, presentation to,
308, 311, 317, 319, 324–325, 327–329, 330–331, 338, 339
- U.S.-Arab discussions re, 332–336
- U.S. assessment of, 317–318
- U.S.-French discussions re, 296–298, 305–306, 318–320, 338–339
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 300–303, 306–309, 311–313, 325, 340–347
- U.S. statement to UNGA,
327–329, 330–331, 337
- Israeli reaction to, 339, 340–345, 349
- U.S.-U.K. discussions re, 318–320
- Egyptian forces used in event of failure to withdraw, 56–57
- Egyptian position, 32, 512–513
-
Eisenhower-Ben Gurion communications re, 79–80, 82–84, 89–90, 109–112, 225–227, 235, 308–309, 312–313, 345–350, 379–380
- French position, 24, 249–251, 296–298, 305–306, 318–320, 338–339
-
Hammarskjöld-Eban talks re, 91–94, 276–278, 279
-
Hammarskjöld’s reports on,
123–124,
141, 150, 385–386
- Israeli aide-mémoire on:
- Israeli Government meetings on, 91n
, 227,
228–229,
237–238
- Israeli revised position (see
also
Declaration of withdrawal
above):
- Development of, 227, 228–229, 235, 237–238, 253n
-
Eisenhower’s
request for, 225–226
-
Hammarskjöld-Eban talks re, 276–278, 279
- U.S. assessments of, 268–270
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 253n
, 254–267, 291–295
- Negotiations by U.N. officials, 91–94, 97–98
- Non-belligerency issue, 113–114, 130–131, 138,
148–149
- Process of withdrawal, 12, 35, 333, 335, 359,
361–362,
366, 379
- Suez Canal settlement and, 32–33, 48, 55, 93
- U.K. position, 243–244, 318–320
- U.N. attitudes, Israeli hope to change, 193–194
-
UNGA debate on:
- Afro-Asian draft resolution, 39
- Canadian resolution, 56, 57, 241, 294
- Egyptian draft resolution, 37–38
-
Hammarskjöld’s
report on troop withdrawals, 385–386
-
Hammarskjöld’s
resolution recommendations, 57
- Initiative through UNEF advisory committee states,
proposed, 67
- Israeli declaration of withdrawal:
- Presentation of, 308,
311, 317, 319, 324–325, 327–329, 330–331, 338, 339
- U.S. statement on, 327–329, 330–331, 337, 339, 340–345, 349
- Israeli preparations for, 35–37
- Resolutions on withdrawal (1124 and
1125), 15
- Arab interpretation of, 84–89
- Development of, 58–61, 67–68, 70–73, 77
- Final texts of, 78–79
- Israeli position, 63,
75–77, 90–91
- Votes on, 78
- U.S.-Israeli communications re, 73–74
- U.S. possible courses of action, 179–180
- U.S. aide-mémoire on:
- Changes in wording, 163
- Elucidation of, 265–266, 267
-
Hammarskjöld’s
attitude toward, 122–125
- Israeli response, 145–146, 147n
, 156–158, 168–169, 170–172, 187–188
- Presentation to Eban, 125–132
- Publication of, 131–132, 135, 195n
- Text of, 132–134
- U.S. discussions re, 118–121
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 134–136, 189–191
- U.S. Congressional resolution on, 218–219, 221–222, 250
- U.S. expression of gratification, 345–349, 379
- U.S.-French discussions re, 249–251
- U.S.-Israeli bilateral negotiations, proposed, 162, 166–167, 168,
178
- U.S. position, 24–25, 27–28, 94–95, 179, 183–186
- Explanation of position to Arab governments, 154–155
- U.S. religious groups’ position, 239–240
- Italy, 538, 579,
725
-
Jackling, Roger, 766
-
Jackson, Henry, 592
-
Jamali, Muhammed Fadhi, 86, 87, 88
- Japan, 580
-
Javits, Jacob K., 751n
-
Jawdat, Ali, 748
-
Jernegan, John D., 52n
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute, 708–710, 723, 761, 762, 772, 779
-
Johnson, Lyndon B., 30, 139–140, 215–216, 218, 220, 222–223, 231, 253, 268–269
-
Johnston, Eric A., 662, 742, 749–751, 808
- Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 100, 105, 837–838, 852–856
-
Jones, John Wesley, 96n
, 305n
, 525n
, 527n
, 529n
, 539n
, 553n
, 792n
- Jordan, 20, 211,
609, 614, 647
- Arab states’ subsidy for, 48
- Egypt, relations with, 795–796, 800–801, 804
- Israel, relations with, 728, 772–773, 780, 831–832, 857
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute, 708–710, 723, 761,
762, 772, 779
- Political situation, 531, 728, 732–733
- Refugee situation, 665, 666, 812–814, 816
-
Richards Mission, 565, 566
- Jordan River plan, 668, 742, 749–751, 811
-
Joxe, Louis, 285, 289n
,
296, 601
-
al-Kaissouni, Abdelmoneim, 738, 739–740, 778, 838
-
Kalijarvi, Thorsten V., 451n
, 738n
- Kefauver, Estes, 30
- Kern, Harry F., 744
-
al-Khayyal, Abdullah, 86, 102, 105, 636n
, 659, 660, 767
-
Khouri, Victor A., 332, 335
-
Khrushchev, Nikita S., 732, 761, 781
-
Kidron, Mordecai R., 36–37, 317n
, 723
-
Kisilev, Yevgeniy D., 802
-
Knowland, William F., 69, 187–188, 195, 196, 218–219, 222, 223, 224, 592
-
Kollek, Theodore (Teddy), 553, 598, 599–600
- Krekeler, Heinz L., 199
-
Labouisse, Henry R., 81n
, 149, 611, 663, 797n
,
808, 833
-
Laboulaye, François de, 21, 249, 318, 587n
-
Lall, Arthur S., 27n
, 39, 61, 84,
92, 99, 284n
-
Laloy, Jean Leonard, 601
-
LaRue, G.W., 788n
-
Laskey, Denis S., 452, 762, 766
-
Lathram, L. Wade, 649
- Lausanne Protocol of 1949, 849, 850
-
Lawson, Edward B., 8–9, 90–91, 225n
, 228–229, 230n
, 237–238, 359, 403n
, 727
-
Ben Gurion, interviews
with, 5–7, 12–14, 89–90, 148–149, 170–173, 200, 203–204, 348–350, 383–385, 429–430, 793n
-
Richards Mission, 603
-
Leary, Col. Byron V., 620n
, 723, 779, 832
- Lebanon, 20, 148,
609, 695, 728
- Liberia, 257, 262
- Libya, 609, 729
-
Lloyd, Selwyn, 420
- Aswan Dam, 629
- Bermuda Conference, 450, 452, 456–459, 461–462, 463n
, 464n
, 465,
466n
- Egyptian-U.K. financial relations, 711, 763–764
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 456
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 466n
-
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, 465
-
Nasser, attitude toward,
450, 461–462
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 458, 459, 463n
, 767–768, 774, 775
- Suez Canal, 464n
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 580
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 457
- Sterling payment issue, 596n
-
UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 544, 584–585, 595, 596n
- Suez Canal Users Association, 578,
580, 581, 582–583
-
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 56–57, 215, 372–374, 396–398, 425–427, 788, 857
- Egyptian funds frozen in U.S., 41n
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Administrative governor, appointment of, 399
- Egyptian position, 360–361
- Israeli return in response, 363–364, 375
- Military forces in Gaza, 416–417
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 275–278
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of:
- Consultants to assist with, 143
- Egyptian position, 360–361
- Israeli side, stationing on, 368, 371
- Legal status of UNEF, 368
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 2, 45–47, 149–150
- U.N. report on, 244–245
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 159
-
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, 474–482
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 195
- Arab-Asian resolution, 197,
198–199, 246–247
- Congress, U.S., opposition of, 144, 218, 219–220, 221, 222–223, 224
- Egyptian draft resolution, 141–142
- Egyptian position, 54–55, 95–96
- Security Council as forum for, 143–144
- U.S. position, 53–54, 137
- U.S. resolution, 196, 236, 284–285, 290, 304
- Israeli-Syrian conflict, possible, 621n
- Israeli troop withdrawals:
- Declaration of withdrawal, 317–318, 324–325, 330–331, 338–339
- Israeli aide-mémoire on, 179
- Israeli revised position, 260n
, 269–270
- Process of withdrawal, 338–339
-
UNGA debate on, 27n
, 35–36,
180
- U.S. aide-mémoire, 119–120, 122–125, 147n
, 156
- U.S. policy to apply pressure, 94–95
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 633–634
- Suez Canal (see also
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations
above), 1–2, 42
- Clearance costs, repayment of, 765n
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 481–482
- Interim arrangement on on operation of Canal, proposed,
106–108, 140n
, 153n
- Israeli access issue, 481
- Israeli troop withdrawals linked to Canal settlement, 32–33
-
UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 563n
, 569n
, 570n
, 571, 581n
, 624
- U.N. sanctions against Israel (see
Israel, U.N. sanctions against
above)
-
UNGA debate on Israeli troop
withdrawals (see under
Israeli troop withdrawals
above)
-
Lord, Mary P., 613n
-
Lourie, Arthur, 598
-
Loutfi, Omar, 84, 141, 544n
, 567
-
Luce, Clare Boothe, 136
-
Luce, Henry R., 136–137
-
Lucet, Charles E., 21, 318, 587n
-
Ludlow, James M., 75, 77, 81n
, 636, 642n
,
661n
, 663n
, 698n
, 706
-
McAfee, William, 208n
-
McCardle, Carl W., 21
-
McCloy, John J., 23, 52, 467–469, 500–502, 512–514, 824
-
McCollum, Robert J., 610n
-
McCormack, John W., 196,
217, 219, 220, 222, 223
-
Macmillan, Harold, 241, 243–244, 252, 400, 574, 585, 596n
, 617
[Page 883]
-
Macomber, William B., Jr., 3n
, 64n
, 233–234, 350n
, 359n
, 362n
, 452, 619n
, 653, 660, 661n
-
Mahdi, Saleh, 841, 847
- Mahgoub, 86, 88,
89
-
Majid, Abdul Aziz, 102
- Malek. See
Malik, Charles
H
.
-
Malik, Charles H.,
17, 24, 223n
, 244, 247, 513, 737, 774–775, 788, 809
-
Mallory, Lester D., 772n
, 795n
-
Mansfield, Mike, 30, 69, 219, 223, 592
-
Marshall, George, 137
-
Martin, Joseph W., Jr., 222
-
Mathews, Elbert G., 645n
, 833
-
Meeker, Leonard C., 31n
, 44n
, 58n
, 96n
, 117n
, 140n
,
152n
, 205n
, 306, 309, 473n
, 485n
, 511, 527n
, 529n
, 569n
,
575n
, 583n
, 640, 653–654
-
Meir, Golda, 2, 124, 312, 749
-
Dulles, meetings with, 299–303, 377–378, 433–441
-
Eisenhower Doctrine as
security guarantee for Israel, 598–599, 600–601
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 10, 370–371
- Gaza administration, proposed U.S.-Israeli working group on, 135
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Free navigation issue, 182,
437
- UNEF for, 31n
- Immigration to Israel, 599, 762
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 181,
233
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 97, 138, 207
- Declaration of withdrawal, 300, 301, 302–303, 330, 337, 338, 339
- Israeli revised position, 227–228, 253n
-
UNGA debate on, 27n
- Jordanian-Israeli relations, 857
-
NATO, 760
- Syrian-Israeli conflict, possible, 760
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 181,
233
-
UNGA debate on Israeli troop
withdrawals, 27n
- U.S. economic assistance, 600
- U.S. military assistance, 760, 761
- Menderes, Adnan, 696
-
Menon, V.K. Krishna, 20, 73, 84–85, 86–87, 88–89, 127, 467, 477, 556
-
Menzies, Robert G., 107, 403, 788
-
Merchant, Livingston T., 774
-
Meroz, Yohanan, 489, 634, 701, 727
-
Merrill, Robert T., 765n
-
Metzger, Stanley D., 96n
, 117n
, 205n
, 362n
, 432n
, 485n
, 511, 529n
, 575n
- Middle East (see also
Palestine, comprehensive approach to):
-
Eisenhower policy on (see also
Eisenhower Doctrine;
Richards
Mission), 2–3, 7–8, 17, 30
- Congressional consideration of, 69–70, 122
-
Nasser’s attitude
toward, 17–18
- U.S. military presence, 8
- Western position, strengthening of, 794
-
Minnich, L. Arthur, Jr., 215
-
Mohieddin, Zakaria, 20–21
-
Moline, Edwin G., 362n
, 575n
, 583n
-
Mollet, Guy, 280n
, 284,
289, 297, 317, 338, 352, 415–416, 418, 419n
, 435, 601, 624
-
Moose, James S., Jr., 176n
-
Morgan, Thomas E., 214
- Morocco, 609
-
Morris, Brewster H., 452,
458n
-
Morris, Willie, 762, 766
-
Morse, Wayne, 30
-
Mouser, Grant E., 252n
-
Murphy, Robert D., 15, 31n
, 44n
, 69, 102, 116n
,
125, 142n
, 209n
, 240n
, 546n
, 712n
, 774
- Boundaries issue, 852–854
- Egypt, 230
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 409
- Gaza administration issue, 135, 145
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 43, 62, 115, 135
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 39, 63, 112–115, 337
- Suez Canal, 42, 146
- Suez crisis, 604
-
UNGA debate on Israeli troop
withdrawals, 39, 63
-
Naevdal, Per Thee, 98–99, 860
-
Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 11, 148, 323, 459n
- Arab Summit Conference, 310n
- Aswan Dam, 175, 588
- Baghdad Pact, 588
- Communists in Egypt, 16–17, 716
- Egyptian political situation, 16–17, 74
-
Eisenhower, proposed
meeting with, 739–740, 755
-
Eisenhower Doctrine, 174
- Fedayeen, views on, 19–20
- Foreign policy, 715
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Administrative governor, appointment of, 404–405, 419–421, 424
-
Dulles,
communications with, 445–447
- Israeli position on Nasser’s motivation, 409–410
- Military forces in Gaza, 417
- Military forces in Sinai, 420,
423–424
- Non-belligerency issue, 480–481
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of:
- Egyptian endorsement of, 405
-
Hammarskjöld,
negotiations with, 474–477
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 20
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 173–174
-
Hammarskjöld’s assessment
of, 442
-
Humphrey, meeting with,
587–590
-
IPC pipeline, 176–178
- Iraq, 26
- Israel, opposition to, 433–434
- Israeli-Egyptian diplomatic contacts, 248
- Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza, 512–513
- Jews in Egypt, 20
- Jordanian-Egyptian relations, 800–801, 804
- Middle East, Eisenhower’s
policy on, 17–18
- National Intelligence Estimate on, 790–791
- Negotiations with Hammarskjöld, 457, 467
- Positive neutrality policy, 716–717
- Radio campaigns against Egypt, attitude toward, 20, 177, 588–589
-
Saud’s assessment of, 827
- Soviet-Egyptian relations, 16–18, 24, 513, 631–632, 716,
786, 802
- Suez Canal, 19, 99
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 477–481, 500–502, 512–514, 518–519, 536–538
- Negotiations with Hammarskjöld re, 474–481
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 177, 251, 457
- Israeli access issue, 5, 479–480, 502, 513
- Negotiations on reopening, proposed, 92–93, 124
-
UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 542–543
- Suez Canal Company, settlement with Egypt, 839
- Suez crisis, 56–57, 594
- Syria, attitude toward, 720–721
- Syrian-Egyptian relations, 694, 785–786, 801–802
- Turkish-Egyptian relations, 696
- U.K. attitude toward, 452–453, 461–462
- U.S. approach for dealing with, 445–448, 450–451, 596–597
- U.S.-Egyptian relations:
- Attitude toward, 174–176, 388, 587–590, 632, 677–679, 717, 789–790
- Rapprochement, possible, 800,
803–804
- U.S. recognition as Arab leader, 737,
777
- National Intelligence Estimates:
- National Security Council (NSC), 783
- Actions:
- Meetings:
-
310th, Jan. 24, 1957, 47–51
-
311th, Jan. 31, 1957, 74
-
312th, Feb. 7, 1957, 99–101
-
331st, July 18, 1957, 694–695
- Navy, U.S. Department of, 396
-
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 30, 34
- Netherlands, 257, 578, 725
-
The New York Times, 151n
, 239, 341, 589, 678, 839
- New Zealand, 580
-
Newsom, David D., 102, 614n
, 636, 648, 656n
, 660, 679, 681, 688, 689, 690n
, 691n
, 767n
, 841, 847
-
Newsweek, 589
- Nile Waters Agreement, 609
- Noel, Emile, 285, 296
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 748–749, 760, 781, 828–830, 841
- Norway, 154, 205–206, 579, 633, 725, 809
- Nosseir, Abu, 802
-
O’Connor, Roderic L., 610n
- Oil pipelines:
- Oil supplies for Europe, 236–237, 242–243, 251, 267
- Oman, 703
- Operation Stockpile, 105–106
- Pakistan, 20, 580
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to:
- in UNGA, 81, 633–634, 642, 788–789, 809
- U.N. Special Committee for Palestine, 842
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 831–832
- U.S.-U.K. joint statements on, 458–459, 463, 766–770, 774–775
- Palestine Conciliation Commission, 662n
, 663, 664, 673, 810, 834, 849
- Palestinian refugees, 610–611
- Arab unity re, 809–810, 833
- Automatic reintegration (see
Resettlement in Arab countries
below)
- Compensation for, 159, 167–168, 668, 673–676, 706–707, 811,
833–834,
862
- Demographic breakdown, 812
- Economic considerations, 665
- Economic development projects for (see also
Jordan River plan
below), 819, 823–825, 834, 835–836, 858,
860–861,
863
-
Eisenhower-Ben Gurion communications re,
proposed, 836–837
- History of refugee problem, 662–663
- Integration of refugees in communities where they reside, 812–814, 816, 835,
858
- Israeli initiative, possible, 824,
825–826,
858, 859–860
- Israeli policy, 45, 46, 159, 167–168, 172, 663,
677, 702–703, 833
- Jordan River plan and, 668, 742, 749–751, 811
- Leaders of, 810
- Political considerations, 663–665
- Postponement of consideration of, 741–743, 807–808, 834–835
- Repatriation of, 46, 159, 172,
667–668,
670–673,
706–707,
810, 836–837, 862
- Resettlement in Arab countries, 663, 665–666, 668,
811
- Self-support projects, 813, 814, 817,
835
- “Third party” involvement in arranging settlement, 707, 750,
751n
, 807, 808,
817, 818–819
-
Dulles-Engen discussions re, 821–825
- U.N. efforts re. See
United Nations Relief and Works
Agency.
-
UNGA consideration of, 81–82, 669
- U.S. funding of programs, 699–701
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 702–703, 704–705
- U.S. reports on (see also
Villard Study
below), 661–676, 698–701, 807–819, 833–837
- Villard Study, 661n
, 698–701, 706–707, 741–743, 749–751, 807–819, 833–837, 859–860, 863n
- Panama, 257, 262
-
Parpais, Paul, 296
-
Paul, Norman, 590, 591, 594n
, 619n
-
Pearson, Lester, 41n
, 46, 55–56,
59, 67, 71, 72–73, 98, 135, 143, 201, 207, 292, 319, 325, 365, 441
-
Pederson, Richard E., 417n
-
Pella, Giuseppe, 816, 861
-
Persons, Maj. Gen. Wilton B.,
215
-
Phleger, Herman, 27n
, 116n
, 142n
, 158, 180, 189, 254, 261, 286, 289n
, 291, 300, 305, 340, 406, 421n
, 422n
, 433, 452, 492, 494
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 357, 401n
, 409
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 408
- Gaza administration issue, 192–193, 263
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 294–295, 307,
394, 395
- Israel:
- Immigration to, 412
- U.N. sanctions against, 196,
232n
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 39, 307, 308,
309, 310, 311, 320n
, 347
- Suez Canal, 22, 23, 52, 362, 381, 382, 431n
, 468–469, 483, 484,
496n
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 196,
232n
- Pilgrims to Mecca. See under
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits.
-
Pineau, Christian, 21–25, 107, 124, 280n
, 284, 285–289, 296–298, 305–306, 324, 338–339, 350, 370, 601–603, 624, 840
- Poland, 412, 599
- Portugal, 579
- Positive neutrality, 632, 646–647, 677–678, 716–717, 753–754, 777–778, 786
-
Proctor, Carolyn, 79n
, 118n
, 119n
, 120n
, 121n
, 195n
, 253n
, 260n
, 268n
, 269n
, 279n
, 350n
, 356n
, 563n
-
Quarles, Donald A., 837n
-
al-Quwatly, Shukri, 310n
, 323n
, 842
-
Rabb, Maxwell M., 195
-
Radford, Adm. Arthur W., 100, 557–558, 695
-
Rafael, Gideon, 36, 98, 311, 338n
,
433, 492n
, 509, 598
-
Ramsbotham, Peter E., 106
-
Ramsden, C.O.I., 452
-
Rayburn, Sam, 218, 221, 222, 224
-
Raymond, John M., 514n
, 529n
, 539n
, 546n
, 553n
, 562n
, 765n
- Refugees in Palestine. See
Palestinian refugees.
-
Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 511, 531–532, 537n
-
Reston, James, 482, 761
-
Riad, Gen. Mahmoud, 98
-
Richards, James P., 15, 102, 116, 142n
, 147, 310, 393, 499, 552, 565–566, 597–601, 603, 842
-
Richards Mission,
338, 393, 499
-
al-Rifai, Abdul Monem, 86, 87–88, 123, 198, 223n
-
al-Rifai, Samir, 772n
, 795n
, 813, 857–858
-
Roberts, Randolph, 402n
-
Robinson, Jacob, 306
-
Rockwell, Stuart W., 11n
, 14n
, 31n
, 40n
, 155n
, 213–214, 587n
,
597, 605, 706, 708, 722, 727, 738, 748, 762, 779, 785n
, 788n
, 794, 805n
, 808n
, 826n
,
828, 831, 832, 844
-
Rountree, William M., 10n
, 11n
, 27n
, 41n
, 58n
, 80, 96n
, 102, 116n
, 142n
, 155n
, 158, 180, 189, 209n
, 225n
, 226, 230, 254, 270–271, 286, 289n
,
291, 295, 300, 305, 311, 332, 340, 356n
, 385n
, 387n
,
394n
, 406, 421n
, 422n
, 428n
,
433, 452, 492, 546n
, 557, 562n
, 575n
, 583n
, 610n
, 642n
, 645n
, 701n
, 737n
, 739n
, 745n
, 759, 762n
, 772n
, 774, 775, 792n
,
828n
, 840, 841, 850
- Aswan Dam decision, 626n
- Boundaries issue, 854–856
- Egypt:
- Cotton sales to U.S., 451n
- Funds frozen in U.S., 230
- Positive neutrality policy, 777–778
- United States, relations with, 597, 755, 756–759, 785–788
- U.S. sanctions against, 608
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 355, 357, 375n
, 401n
, 402, 414n
, 417,
418n
, 445n
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 722
- Free navigation issue, 660,
681, 688, 691n
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 507–508
- Israeli warships in, 605–608, 614–616, 625, 634n
, 636–641, 643, 644, 648, 656–659
-
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, assessment
of, 489–492
- Israel:
- Economic situation, 649n
- Export-Import Bank loan, 845–846
- Housing projects, 852n
- Immigration to, 412–413
- U.N. sanctions against, 15,
81–82, 196, 232n
, 294
- U.S. economic assistance, 505n
, 652–653, 654n
- U.S. military assistance, 105–106, 712–713
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 79, 154, 309,
310, 320n
, 347n
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute, 708,
710n
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 766, 767n
, 768, 769n
, 788–789
- Palestinian refugees, 706, 741n
, 749n
, 807n
, 808n
, 823, 824,
825, 837n
-
Richards Mission, 552–553, 566, 603
- Suez Canal, 362, 381, 382, 531, 553n
, 574,
616n
[Page 887]
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 473n
, 482, 496n
, 509n
, 512, 529n
, 569n
-
UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 515n
, 525n
, 527n
, 539n
, 546n
, 564–565, 586n
, 587
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 15, 81–82, 196, 232n
, 294
-
Rousan, Mahmoud A., 332
-
Rowell, Edward J., 610n
-
Russell, Richard B., 218, 224, 253, 592
-
Sabry, Ali, 247–249
-
al-Said, Nuri Pasha, 26, 774, 841–844, 847–850
-
Salisbury, Lord, 381
-
Saltonstall, Leverett, 69,
222, 224
-
Sandys, Duncan, 63, 64
-
Sapir, Pinhas, 91
-
Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz, King, 322–323, 459n
, 609, 842
- Arab Summit Conference, 310n
- Boundaries issue, 843n
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 434, 659, 660
-
Eisenhower,
communications with, 659, 687–691, 722, 734–736
- Free navigation issue, 499,
659
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 648
- Israeli warships in, 607, 636n
, 648, 657, 682n
- Pilgrims’ passage issue, 116,
644, 684
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 142
-
Nasser, assessment of,
827
- Syria, 734–735
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 142
- U.S. visit, 49, 77, 80, 95, 148, 177
- U.S.-Egyptian relations, 230, 389, 677–678, 827–828
- Saudi Arabia (see also
Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz; Saudi subheadings under other subjects), 48, 729, 733
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 102, 498–499, 606, 607n
, 681–682, 686, 688,
691–693,
722
- U.S. military assistance, 635, 644, 735
- U.S.-Egyptian relations, consulted on, 805–806, 827–828
-
Sebilleau, Pierre, 601
-
Sedgwick, Charles, 286
-
al-Shabandar, Moussa, 332
-
Shafik, Doria, 176
-
Sharm al-Sheikh. See
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits; Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza.
-
Shaw, John F., 41n
, 117n
, 362n
, 432n
, 472n
, 493n
, 494n
, 519n
, 525n
, 527n
, 528n
, 529n
, 539n
, 547n
, 550n
, 569n
, 575n
, 583n
, 585, 586n
, 595n
, 616n
, 627n
, 697n
, 745n
, 838n
-
Sherman, Meir, 649, 651, 654
-
Sherwood, Robert K., 605
-
Shiloah, Reuven, 134, 226–227, 270–271, 291, 299, 311, 377n
, 394n
, 396, 406, 433, 508, 509, 642, 793n
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 264, 271–272, 353–354, 402–403, 410
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 43, 145–146, 409, 439,
441
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 43, 62, 63, 115, 130,
182–183,
508, 645
-
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, assessment
of, 489–492
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 165, 187, 194,
308, 337, 345
- Suez Canal, 509
-
UNGA debate on Israeli troop
withdrawals, 75–77
-
Shoaib, Mohamed, 839
-
Shukairy, Ahmad, 614n
, 788
-
Silver, Abba Hillel, 207
-
Sisco, Joseph J., 362n
, 444n
, 519n
, 527n
, 29n
, 553n
, 569n
, 583n
, 620n
, 21n
, 641, 656n
, 661n
, 688
-
Smith, H. Alexander, 121, 218, 220, 224
- Snyder, Howard, 178n
- Soviet Union:
- Arms shipments to Arab countries, 701–702, 729–730, 733
- Aswan Dam, 499, 627–628
- Egypt, relations with. See under
Egypt.
- Israel, relations with, 552, 747–748
- Israeli troop withdrawals, rumors about, 333, 346
- Middle East influence:
- Middle East policy, 603
- Suez Canal, use of, 100
- Syria, relations with, 728–729, 733,
734–735,
758, 777, 782
- Turkey, relations with, 732
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 198,
208
- Spain, 580
-
Sparkman, John, 30
-
Spender, Sir Percy, 27n
, 67, 97
- Stabler, Wells, 597, 608n
, 626n
, 627n
, 645n
, 95n
, 697n
, 752, 756n
, 826n
- Stockpile Operation, 105–106
- Straits of Eilat, 6
- Straits of Tiran. See
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits.
- Sudan, 609, 630,
729
- Suez Canal (see also
Suez Canal Company; Suez Canal
Users Association; Suez crisis):
- Alternatives, need for, 602–603
- Arab Four-Power statement on, 310
- Arbitration committee, proposed, 23
- Bermuda Conference paper on, 464–465
- Board of Consultants, proposed, 501
- Clearance costs, repayment of:
- Clearing operations, 1–2, 3–4, 19, 48, 52, 99
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal (see also UNSC
consideration subheadings below):
- Consultations with user governments issue, 477–478
- Draft memoranda, 430–431, 432, 449–450, 469–472
- Egyptian clarifications, 473–474, 479, 498
- Egyptian decision to implement, 503–504
- Egyptian revised version, 532–535
- French position, 493, 538, 601–602
-
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations re (see also below), 477–481
-
Hammarskjöld’s
assessment, 544n
, 546n
, 547–549, 554n
- Interim arrangement proposal, response to, 374, 389
- Israeli position, 491
- Media’s acquisition of, 482–483
- Multilateral negotiations re, proposed, 495, 503
- Publication of, 550–551
-
SCUA response, 493, 494, 538, 575–582, 584n
, 616n
- U.K. position, 483n
, 492–493, 494–495, 550
- U.S. coordination of future courses of action, 510–512
- U.S.-Egyptian discussions re, 496–497, 500–504, 512–514, 518–519, 520–522, 527–530, 536–538, 540, 556, 559–561, 574
- U.S. initial response, 472n
, 473–474, 481–482, 509–510, 512
- U.S. revision, 483–488, 493, 496–497, 502–504
-
Eisenhower-Macmillan communications re, 574–575
- Four-Power (France, Norway, U.K., U.S.) agreement on, 154, 205–206
- Funds for Egypt to operate, 49
-
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, 457
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 697
- Improvement fund, 431, 449, 487,
501, 521n
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed:
- Egyptian counter-proposal. See
Egyptian declaration on operation of
Canal
above.
- Egyptian position, 251, 374, 389, 397, 427, 457
- Four-Power agreement on, 152–154, 205–206, 387, 389
- Inducements for Egypt to accept, 400, 403, 460–461, 465, 468–469
-
SCUA and, 382, 392, 457–458, 460, 464
- U.K. publication of, 381–382
- U.N.-sponsored working paper, 106–108, 117–118
- U.S. position, 96–97, 99–100, 140, 421, 467–468
- U.S.-U.K. discussions re, 457–458, 460–461, 462
- U.S.-U.K. joint statement on, 464–465
- Israeli access issue, 2
- Egyptian position, 55, 121–122, 479–480, 502, 513
-
ICJ jurisdiction, 480, 513, 514–515
- Israeli position, 146, 169, 372, 374, 395, 491, 506, 509
-
JCS position, 100
- U.K. position, 468
-
UNGA consideration of,
possible, 480
- U.S. position, 390, 468, 481, 491–492
- Israeli troop withdrawals, link to Canal settlement, 32–33, 48, 55, 93, 96
- Negotiations on reopening, proposed, 57, 124
- Egyptian position, 19, 92
- French position, 92–93
- U.S.-French consultations, 21–23
- U.S. position, 40, 52–53,
65–66
- U.S.-U.K. consultations, 42,
63–64
- Oil supplies for Europe and, 236–237, 242–243, 251
- Political settlement prior to reopening, proposed, 135
- Soviet use of, 100
- Sterling payments issue, 581, 582, 584,
585–586,
595n
, 596n
, 616n
, 617
- U.K. resumption of use, 581, 616–617
-
UNSC consideration of Egyptian
declaration (first round):
- Discussion of Canal issue, 573n
- Egyptian position, 542–543, 546, 564–565
- French position, 528n
, 539
-
Hare’s attitude
toward, 527, 542
- Israeli participation, 571
- U.K. position, 511–512, 528n
, 539, 550–551, 561–562, 572
- U.S. course of action, 515–517, 570–572
- U.S. position, 525–526, 539–540, 543–547
- U.S. report to Security Council, 562–565, 568–569, 571, 573
- U.S.-U.K. discussions re, 570–571
-
UNSC consideration of Egyptian
declaration (second round):
- Discussion of Canal issue, 624
- French position, 587, 602, 621–623
- U.K. position, 581–582, 585–586, 595n
, 623
- U.S. position, 581n
, 582–587, 595–596, 622, 623
- U.S. information activities re, 531–532
- U.S. working group for Canal issues, 362
- U.S. warships’ use of, 396
- Suez Canal Company, 184
- Suez Canal Users Association (SCUA), 22, 63–64, 382, 583
- Council meetings:
- Accounts of the meetings, 578–582, 584n
, 616n
- Agenda items, 575–577
- French views, 580
- Proposal for, 575n
- U.K. views, 578, 584n
- U.S. views, 575–577, 579, 584n
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, response to, 493, 494,
538, 575–582, 584n
, 616n
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal and, 382, 392,
457–458,
460, 464
- Suez crisis, 56–57
-
Eisenhower’s views of, 805
-
J.F. Dulles’ assessment of,
128–129
- U.S. intelligence re:
- Congressional review of, 590,
592, 619
-
A.W. Dulles’ views,
590–595
-
J.F. Dulles’ views,
619
-
Murphy’s views,
604
-
Surur, Shaikh Mohammad, 102
- Sweden, 579, 725
-
Swihart, James W., 106
- Syria, 211, 665
- Egypt, relations with, 694, 740, 785–786, 801–802
-
Eisenhower-Saud communications re, 734–735
-
IPC pipeline, 25, 176–177
- Israel, possible conflict with, 620–621, 694–695, 702, 704,
730, 731–732, 733, 760
- Jordan, subsidy for, 48
-
Nasser’s attitude toward,
720–721
- Refugee situation, 741–743, 812
-
Richards Mission, 565, 566
- Soviet Union, relations with, 728–729, 733,
734–735,
758, 777, 782
- United States, relations with, 40n
, 708
-
Taber, John, 223
-
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 837–838
-
Thimayya, Gen. K. S., 143, 150
-
Time magazine, 589
-
Timmons, Benson E.L., III, 458n
- Tiran Straits. See
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits.
-
Tito, Marshal Josip Broz, 754
-
Truman, Harry S., 136,
157, 843, 844
- Tunisia, 609, 729
- Turkey, 20, 580,
729, 781
- Egypt, relations with, 695–696
- Soviet Union, relations with, 732
-
Tyler, William R., 21, 286, 418n
, 601, 625
- Uganda, 630
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See
Soviet Union.
- United Kingdom (see also
Bermuda Conference; U.K. and
U.S.-U.K. subheadings under other subjects):
- Aswan Dam, 627, 628–629
- Egypt, financial relations with, 711,
763–764,
826–827
- Four-Power agreement on Suez Canal, 154, 205–206
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, multinational declaration on, 250, 257
- Israeli business’ withdrawal from, 702, 704
- Oil supplies for, 237
- Radio campaign against Egypt, 20, 177
- United States, relations with, 452–454
- United Nations. See:
- U.N. sanctions against under Israel
- United Nations Emergency Force
- United Nations General Assembly
- United Nations Relief and Works Agency
- United Nations Security Council
- United Nations Special Committee on Palestine.
- United Nations Charter, 185–186
- United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) (see also
Gaza, UNEF takeover of; UNEF
for
under
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits):
- United Nations General Assembly (UNGA):
- Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza, debate on:
- Afro-Asian drait resolution, 39
- Canadian resolution, 56, 57, 241, 294
- Egyptian draft resolution, 37–38
-
Hammarskjöld’s
report on troop withdrawals, 385–386
-
Hammarskjöld’s
resolution recommendations, 57
- Initiative through UNEF advisory committee states,
proposed, 67
- Israeli declaration of withdrawal:
- Presentation of, 308,
311, 317, 319, 324–325, 327–329, 330–331, 338, 339
- U.S. statement on, 327–329, 330–331, 337, 339, 340–345, 349
- Israeli preparations for, 35–37
- Resolutions on withdrawal (1124 and
1125), 15
- Arab interpretation of, 84–89
- Development of, 58–61, 67–68, 70–73, 77
- Final texts of, 78–79
- Israeli position, 63,
75–77, 90–91
- Votes on, 78
- U.S.-Israeli communications re, 73–74
- U.S. possible courses of action, 179–180
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 81, 633–634, 642
- Refugee problem, consideration of, 81–82, 669
- Resolutions (see also under
Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza, debate
on
above; U.N. sanctions
against
under
Israel):
-
1089 (XI), Dec. 21, 1956 re UNEF,
34
-
1108 (XI), Feb. 28, 1957 re UNRWA, 613n
-
1151 (XII), Nov. 22, 1957 re UNEF,
820n
-
1191 (XII), Dec. 12, 1957 re UNRWA, 799–800
-
1212 (XII), Dec. 14, 1957 re Suez
Canal clearance costs, 766n
- Suez Canal clearance costs, 724–726, 765–766
- UNEF funding, 33–34, 770–771, 820–821
- UNEF takeover of Gaza, report on, 244–246, 264
- United Nations partition resolution of 1947–48,
842–844, 847–850
- United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA):
- Funding for, 610–613, 618, 664, 666,
675, 700–701, 745–747, 797–800, 816, 818,
835, 858–859, 862
- United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
(see also UNSC
consideration subheadings under
Suez Canal):
- Israeli-Syrian situation, consideration of, 620–621
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute, 723
- Sanctions debate, possible forum for, 143–144
- United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP), 842
- United States Information Service (USIS),
531–532
- Universal Suez Canal Company. See
Suez Canal Company.
-
Urrutia, Francisco, 832n
, 857
-
Vandenberg, Arthur S., 220
- Venezuela, 209
-
Vigier, Henri, 6
-
Villard, Henry S., 661n
, 698–701, 706, 741–743, 745n
, 749–751, 788n
, 807–816, 823, 833, 860–863
- Villard Study (see also
Palestinian refugees), 661n
, 698–701, 706–707, 741–743, 749–751, 807–819, 833–837, 859–860, 863n
-
Vinson, Carl, 214
- Voice of Arabs, 20, 800
-
Vorys, John M., 221, 223, 239
-
Wadsworth, George, 77, 102, 610, 657n
, 681n
, 827–828, 843n
-
Wadsworth, James J.
52, 56, 91–94, 156, 543–545, 546n
, 565, 567–568
-
Wahab, Ahmed Abdel, 470n
-
Walmsley, Walter N., Jr., 96n
, 452, 504, 539n
, 20n
, 621–623, 642n
, 712n
, 741n
,
788n
, 92n
-
Walters, Vernon A., 289n
, 296
-
Wan Waithayakon, Prince, 233–234
-
Waring, Robert O., 117n
, 765n
, 770n
-
Warren, Fletcher, 696n
-
Waugh, Samuel C., 845n
, 846
-
Weinberg, Sidney, 195
-
Wheeler, Lt. Gen. Raymond A., 512, 541
-
Wheeler, Gen., 694, 840
-
White, Paul Lincoln, 483, 546n
, 617
-
Whitman, Ann, 157, 574n
-
Whitney, John Hay, 229, 381, 452, 578–582, 584n
, 766, 774
-
Wilcox, Francis O., 21, 27n
, 31n
, 44n
, 52n
, 8n
, 73n
, 116n
, 117n
, 122, 142n
, 158, 189, 209n
, 254, 291, 301, 305, 306, 318, 394n
, 98n
, 421n
, 422n
, 433, 473n
, 509n
, 510, 529n
, 553n
, 562n
,
586n
, 620n
, 706, 765n
, 770n
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 363, 401n
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 361–362
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 25
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 53,
101, 181, 192, 196, 198, 232n
, 304
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 312, 331, 338
- Palestinian refugees, 661–676, 749n
, 807n
, 816–819, 824, 825,
837n
- Suez Canal, 381, 571, 572, 694
- U.N. sanctions against Israel (see
Israel, U.N. sanctions against
above)
- UNEF funding, 820–821
-
UNGA debate on Israeli troop
withdrawals, 75–77, 81–82
-
UNRWA funding, 610–613, 618, 797n
, 816,
818
-
Wiley, Alexander, 69, 217, 221
-
Wilkins, Fraser, 21, 40n
, 41n
, 52n
, 73n
, 102, 125, 130, 155n
,
158, 225n
, 230, 286, 306, 311, 332, 452, 460n
, 483n
, 489, 492n
, 566,
603, 608–610, 637n
, 655, 696n
-
Wilkinson, J. Burke, 286
-
Wilson, Charles E., 48, 557, 558, 837
-
Wood, George, 839
-
Yassin, Shaikh Yusuf, 77, 101–105, 230, 322
- Yemen, 20, 412,
610, 729
-
Yost, Charles W., 414n
, 601
- Yugoslavia, 754, 776–777
-
Zabarah, Assayed Ahmad Ali, 332
-
Zeineddine, Farid, 86, 88, 332, 333–334, 335, 336, 625