Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957,
Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1957, Volume XVII
Index
- Abdul, Hassan, 397
- Abdullah, King of Jordan, 843
- Abramov, Alexander N., 91
- Adams, Sherman, 215
- Adib, Mamdouh, 102
- Afghanistan, 600
- Albert, Carl, 214
- Algeria, 142, 860
- Allen, Leo E., 214
- Alphand, Hervé, 21, 249–251, 285, 289n, 296,
305, 339, 350, 359, 415n, 528n, 572n, 587, 622–623, 624
- Amer, Gen. Abdul Hakim, 786, 828
- Amin, Moustafa, 26
- Anderson, Robert B., 40, 738, 739–740
- Anis, Abrahim, 332
- Aqaba, Gulf of. See
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits.
- Arab boycott of Israel, 702, 703, 704
- Arab investment bank, proposed, 858, 861
- Arab-Israeli dispute (see also
Arab-Israeli settlement). See:
- Arab boycott of Israel
- Arms shipments to Arab countries under
Israel
- Banat Yacub incident
- Fedayeen
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of
- Gaza administration issue
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits
- Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute
- Syria, possible conflict with under
Israel
- Arab-Israeli settlement (see also
Arab-Israeli dispute). See:
- Boundaries issues
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to
- Palestinian refugees
- Arab Summit Conference (Cairo, February 1957), 310, 323n
- Arends, Leslie C., 214
- Argaman, Zev, 225n
- Armstrong, W. Park, Jr., 209n, 590–591, 594n
- Asbjornson, Mildred J., 29n, 187n, 239n, 244n, 245n, 345n, 347n, 369n
- Asha, Rafik, 620n
- al-Assali, Sabri, 459n
- Aswan Dam (see
also
Congress, U.S.: Review of
Middle East policy):
- Funding for, 778
- U.S. decision re:
- Dulles’ defense of,
499
- Egyptian reaction, 175, 588
- Hoover’s views,
653–654
- State Department memorandum on, 626–631
- Australia, 67, 540,
579–580, 725
- Azkoul, 86, 89
- Azzam Pasha, Abdul Rahman, 605–608, 636–641, 648, 656–657, 659, 660, 685–687, 691n,
722, 744
- Baghdad Pact, 16, 588, 696n,
729, 733, 801
- Bailey, Ronald, 492, 595n
- Balkhair, Abdullah, 323
- Banat Yacub incident, 849
- Bank of International Settlements, 478, 487, 521n
- Baraduc, Pierre, 296
- Barawy, Achid, 802
- Barbour, Walworth, 245
- Barco, James W., 56, 97, 144, 245, 427, 526n
- Barnes, Robert G., 29, 745n
- Barnes, Roswell, 239–240
- Baxter, William O., 779,
780
- Beal, John Robinson, 499
- Beam, Jacob D., 511
- de Beaumarchais, J.D.C., 601
- Becker, Loftus E., 656n, 679–680, 681, 688, 691n, 694, 722, 765n
- Beeley, Harold, 452, 584n
- Beliard, Jean, 21, 285
- Bell, James O., 851–852
- Bender, Albert F., Jr., 33–34
- Ben Gurion, David:
- Border settlements, defense of, 384
- Economic situation, 384
- Egyptian troops, attacks on, 7, 13
- Eisenhower, communications
with, 79–80,
82–84,
89–90,
109–112,
225–227,
235, 308–309, 312–313, 345–350, 379–380, 410–411, 428–430
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Eisenhower,
communications with, 410–411, 428–430
- Israeli return in response, 351, 352, 383–384, 385
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 5–6, 13, 274, 278
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 13–14, 46, 406, 429
- Gaza administration issue:
- Israeli civil administration, 171–172
- U.N. commission to deal with, proposed, 200, 204
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Hammarskjöld, attitude
toward, 6–7
- Israeli troop withdrawals:
- Declaration of withdrawal, 300–301, 304, 308–309, 337, 345, 347–350
- Eisenhower,
communications with, 79–80, 82–84, 89–90,
109–112, 225–227, 235, 308–309, 312–313, 345–350, 379–380
- Israeli Government meetings on, 91n, 228, 229, 237–238
- Israeli reluctance, reasons for, 379, 384
- Israeli revised position, 235,
237–238
- Non-belligerency issue, 148–149
- Process of withdrawal, 359
- UNGA debate
re, 73n
- U.S. aide-mémoire on, 170–172, 188, 189
- Jordanian-Israeli relations, 772, 857
- Palestinian refugees, 172
- Richards Mission, 598, 601
- Soviet influence in Middle East, 727,
728
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 111,
123, 148, 200, 203–204
- U.S. security guarantee for Israel, 793n
- Bennike, Gen. Vagn, 849n
- Bennsky, George M., 649,
662n
- Berding, Andrew H., 511, 546n
- Bergus, Donald C., 10n, 43n, 44n, 61, 73n, 82n, 112,
145, 225n, 226n, 270n, 386, 394n, 412n, 433, 489, 492n, 504, 552n, 603, 620n, 634, 637n, 643, 645, 652n, 655, 661n, 701, 708n, 712n, 727, 747, 772n,
788n, 792n, 793, 821, 828, 831
- Bermuda Conference (March 1957):
- Bernau, Phyllis D., 112n, 115n, 126n, 137n, 138n, 147n, 151, 156n, 196n, 198n,
199n, 201n, 206n, 212n, 213n, 227n, 228n, 229n, 271n, 272n, 273n, 274n, 275n, 279n, 283n, 284n, 290n, 304n, 317n, 330n, 337n, 338n, 357n, 361n, 377n, 442n, 467n, 512n, 564n, 569n, 619n, 656n, 660n, 744n, 859n
- Berry, James Lampton, 701, 706, 710n, 765n
- Bishop, F.A., 452
- Bizri, Gen. Afif, 801–802
- Black, Eugene, 653, 739, 775–778, 838–840
- Blackiston, Slator C., 14n
- Blake, Eugene C., 240
- Boggs, Marion W., 695
- Boundaries issue:
- Military enforcement of boundaries, 837–838, 852–856
- U.N. partition resolution of 1947-48 as
basis for settlement, 842–844, 847–850
- Bourgès-Maunoury, Maurice, 414n, 415n
- Bowie, Robert, 29, 209n
- Brook, Sir Norman, 452, 774
- Brown, Elizabeth A., 779
- Bulganin, Nikolai A., 17
- Bunche, Ralph J., 46, 122, 123, 143, 150, 276, 277, 398, 399, 405, 417, 444, 447n, 474n, 500
- Bunker, Ellsworth, 556n
- Burdett, William C., Jr., 636n, 642n, 645n
- Burgess, W. Randolph, 179, 738
- Burke, Adm. Arleigh T., 558, 853–856
- Burns, Maj. Gen. E.L.M., 6, 27n, 28, 333, 351, 359, 361, 372, 396, 404, 405, 423, 442, 444, 474–475, 476–477
- Byrd, Harry F., 69
- Byroade, Henry A., 413
- Caccia, Sir Harold, 452, 762, 766, 774
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 319
- Suez Canal, 63–64
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 492–494, 547n
- Negotiations on reopening, proposed, 42, 64
- U.K. resumption of use, 616–617
- UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 515n, 528n, 539n, 550, 561n, 564, 572, 581n, 584
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 240–243
- Canada, 121, 633,
725
- Cannon, Clarence, 214, 619n
- Cargo, William I., 697n
- Caruthers, Osgood, 839
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 209–211, 590–595, 604, 619
- Chamoun, Camille, 609
- China, People’s Republic of, 175
- Chiperfield, Robert B., 214
- Clapp, Gordon R., 662n
- Clapp mission, 662
- Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 143, 147, 150, 207
- Comay, Michael S., 350, 793n
- Congress, U.S.:
- Acts of:
- Mutual Security Act of 1954, 8, 745
- Mutual Security Act of 1957, 745
- Aswan Dam (see
Review of Middle East policy
below)
- Eisenhower Middle East
policy, consideration of, 69–70, 122
- Israeli troop withdrawals, resolution on, 218–219, 221–222, 250
- Legislative leaders meeting with Eisenhower, 214–224, 231–232
- Palestinian refugees, 743
- Review of Middle East policy (see
also
Suez crisis
below), 69–70, 122, 626
- Suez crisis, intelligence on, 590, 592, 619
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, opposition to, 139–140, 142–143, 144, 147,
196, 215–224, 231–232
- Cook, Charles D., 860
- Corbett, Jack C., 362n
- Cordier, Andrew W., 93–94, 99, 106, 122, 123, 153n, 247, 277, 278, 324, 361–362, 367, 399, 570n, 741n
- Coulson, Sir John, 318, 564, 572n, 586n, 623
- Crosthwaite, Ponsonby M., 373
- Cumming, Hugh S., Jr., 696n
- Cunningham, Joseph H., 679
- Cutler, Robert, 100, 695
- Dale, William N., 762
- Daridan, Jean, 285, 296
- Dayan, Maj. Gen. Moshe, 359
- De Palma, Samuel, 27n, 31n, 44n, 58n, 75, 142n, 306,
311n, 473n, 511, 515–517, 550n, 553n, 575n,
585, 586n
- Dean, Arthur H., 138, 201–203, 206–207, 212, 227–228, 233–234, 253, 279
- Dean, P.H., 452
- Denmark, 580, 725
- Dillon, C. Douglas, 286, 295, 381, 468, 504, 511, 738, 739, 776, 788n, 846
- Egypt, U.S. sanctions against, 693,
778, 840
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 422n
- Israel, U.S. economic assistance for, 650–651, 652, 653n
- Suez Canal, 550n, 584, 585, 616n, 617,
774
- Clearance costs, repayment of, 694, 765n
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 431n, 432n, 485n, 494n, 496n, 509n, 529n, 553n,
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 421n
- Negotiations, responsibility for, 362
- UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 511, 526n, 528n, 539n, 546, 547n, 572, 583n, 621n, 622
- Suez Canal Users Association, 575n, 576n
- al-Din, Zakarya Muhi-, 594
- Dirksen, Everett S., 219,
221
- Dixon, Sir Pierson, 27n, 57, 140n, 365–366, 373, 544, 550, 581n, 585, 586
- Dorman, John, 762, 766
- Drain, Richard D., 619n
- Dulles, Allen W., 47–48, 51, 74, 99, 116n, 209n, 151, 510, 565n,
566, 694–695, 744, 840
- Suez crisis, U.S. intelligence re, 590–595, 619
- Dulles, John Foster, 1–3
- Arab attitudes toward, 744
- Arab-Israeli dispute, intractability of, 29
- Arms shipments to Arab countries, 703,
733
- Aswan Dam decision, 499, 626, 627n
- Baghdad Pact, 733
- Bermuda Conference, 448n, 450–451, 454–461, 463n
- Boundaries issue, 837n, 842–844, 847–850
- Eban, meetings with, 158–170, 180–187, 189–194, 254–267, 291–295, 299–303, 311–317, 325–326, 340–347, 351–355, 356–357, 433–441, 701–705, 727–733, 747–749, 779–785, 828–830, 831–832
- Egypt:
- Cotton sales to U.S., 451
- Funds frozen in U.S., 41–42, 450–451, 738, 753
- Jews in, 12
- Jordan, relations with, 795–796
- Positive neutrality policy, 753–754
- Soviet Union, relations with, 776–777
- United Kingdom, financial relations with, 764, 826–827
- United States, relations with, 11–12, 645–648, 721n, 752–755, 776–777, 788n, 795, 796, 805–806
- U.S. economic assistance, 468
- U.S.-U.K. policy toward, 763–764
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Complete takeover by Egypt, 438–439, 442, 444, 456
- Hammarskjöld,
communications with, 442–444
- Israeli concerns, U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 433–441
- Israeli return in response, 352–357, 359, 368–370, 375–376, 377, 418n
- Nasser,
communications with, 445–447
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 2–3, 10, 263–265, 271–275, 279, 287–289, 291–294, 296–298, 312, 325–326
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 361
- French position, 350
- Israeli side, stationing on, 440
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 2–3, 10, 115, 152, 202n, 268, 293, 330
- U.N. report on, 244–245
- Gaza-Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits settlements, link between, 191, 202,
263
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Free navigation issue, 11, 31, 104–105, 151–152, 155, 190–191, 242, 250, 260–262, 659, 680–688, 694
- ICJ jurisdiction, 455, 466n, 660–661
- Israeli military activity, possible, 684–685
- Israeli protection of its own ships, 261
- Israeli warships in, 614, 616n, 625, 643–645, 656, 659n, 683, 704
- Pilgrims’ passage issue, 684,
687
- UNEF for, 261, 455
- U.S. assurances to Israel, 116, 120, 129, 201n, 286
- U.S. ships in Gulf following Israeli withdrawal, 253, 260, 454–455, 557–558
- Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, 442–444, 467–469
- Israel:
- Collective security arrangement, Israeli interest in, 828–830
- Eisenhower Doctrine
as security guarantee, 732, 733
- Export-Import Bank loan, 845n, 846n
- Fedayeen raids against, 14–15
- Immigration to, 655–656, 775
- Jordan, relations with, 772–773
- Soviet Union, relations with, 748
- Syria, possible conflict with, 620–621, 695, 704, 731–732, 733
- U.N. sanctions against:
- Arab-Asian resolution, 15, 28, 44, 53n, 147, 197, 198–199
- Congress, U.S., opposition of, 139, 142–143, 144, 147, 188, 196, 216–218, 220, 221, 223, 231–232
- Eisenhower-Macmillan communications re, 252n
- Israeli declaration to withdraw and, 334
- Israeli position, 294
- Schedule for debate, 181–182, 187, 192, 194, 266, 301
- Security Council as forum for, 143–144
- U.S. position, 102–103, 121–122, 136–137, 301–302
- U.S. resolution, 196,
230, 232–233, 236, 241, 243, 280, 284–285, 290, 304
- U.S. economic assistance, 40–41, 505n, 552–553, 655–656, 705
- U.S. military assistance, 106,
713n
- U.S. security guarantee, 195,
780–785, 792–793
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 38n, 79–80, 82n
- Declaration of withdrawal, 298–306, 309–310, 311–313, 317–320, 325–326, 330–331, 332–336, 338, 341–347
- Eban, private
conversations with, 206–207, 212, 227–228
- Eisenhower-Ben
Gurion communications, 225n, 226n
- Israeli aide-mémoire on, 160–165, 178–179
- Israeli revised position, 229,
260–267, 268–270, 291–294
- Process of withdrawal, 333,
335, 346, 347, 355
- U.N. attitudes, Israeli hope to change, 193–194
- UNGA debate on, 58, 72–73, 179–180
- U.S. aide-mémoire on, 118–121, 125–132, 147n, 156–158, 163, 187–188, 190–191
- U.S.-Arab discussions re, 154–155
- U.S.-French discussions re, 249–251
- U.S.-Israeli bilateral negotiations, proposed, 162, 178
- U.S. policy to apply pressure, 94
- U.S. position, 24–25, 27–28, 179, 183–186
- U.S. religious groups’ position, 239–240
- Jordan, 732–733
- Loss of Middle East, fears re, 188
- Meir, meetings with, 299–303, 377–378, 433–441
- Middle East, Eisenhower
policy on, 30, 69, 122
- Nasser:
- U.S. approach for dealing with, 445–448, 450–451
- U.S. recognition as Arab leader, 737, 777
- NATO, 748–749, 828–830, 841
- Oil supplies for Europe, 236–237, 242–243, 251,
267
- Operation Stockpile, 106
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to:
- Palestinian refugees, 661, 674, 704–705, 743n, 747n, 797n, 807,
816, 859
- Israeli acceptance of repatriation and compensation, 706–707
- “Third party” involvement in arranging settlement, 707, 821–825
- Richards Mission, 552–553, 565, 566
- Saud, meeting with, 77
- Saudia Arabia, U.S. military assistance to, 644
- Soviet influence in Middle East, concerns about, 732, 752–755, 782–783
- Suez Canal:
- Alternatives, need for, 602–603
- Clearance costs, repayment of, 765–766
- Clearing operations, 1–2, 3–4
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 431n, 432, 449–450, 473–474, 482–484, 485n, 488, 492–494, 496–497, 509–515, 519, 527–530, 550–551, 553–556, 569–570, 601–602
- Eisenhower-Macmillan communications re, 574n
- Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, 442–444, 467–469
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 117–118, 140, 152–154, 205–206, 251, 400, 403, 457–458, 460–461, 467–469
- Israeli access issue, 100–101, 121–122, 468, 514–515
- Negotiations on reopening, proposed, 22–23, 40, 52–53, 63–64,
65–66
- U.K. resumption of use, 616–617
- UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration (first round), 511–512, 515n, 525–526, 550–551, 561n, 562–565, 569n, 571–572, 573
- UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration (second round), 582–583, 584–586, 595–596, 621, 624
- U.S. information activities re, 531–532
- U.S. working group on Canal issues, 362
- Suez Canal Company, settlement with Egypt, 738, 753, 775–776
- Suez Canal Users Association, 575–577
- Suez crisis:
- Syria, 25, 734n
- U.N. debate (see
UNGA debate
re
under
Israeli troop withdrawals
above)
- U.N. sanctions against Israel (see under
Israel
above)
- UNEF funding, 770–771, 820
- UNRWA funding, 747n, 797n
- Eban, Abba, 43, 73, 492n, 654, 759
- Arms shipments to Arab countries, concerns about, 701–702, 729–730
- Collective security arrangement, Israeli interest in, 794, 828–830
- Dulles, meetings with, 158–170, 180–187, 189–194, 254–267, 291–295, 299–303, 311–317, 325–326, 340–347, 351–355, 356–357, 433–441, 701–705, 727–733, 747–749, 779–785, 828–830, 831–832
- Egypt, nationalism in, 754
- Eisenhower Doctrine as
security guarantee for Israel, 183, 730
- Export-Import Bank loan, 845, 846n
- Fedayeen raids against Israel, 14, 15
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Complete takeover by Egypt, 438
- Israeli acceptance of token Egyptian presence, 425–426
- Israeli concerns, U.S.-Israeli discussion re, 438, 439, 441
- Israeli return in response, 351–355, 356–358, 364, 375, 441
- Nasser’s purpose,
Israeli position on, 409–410
- Non-belligerency issue, 409
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 189–190, 264–265, 272–274, 275–278, 279, 291–295, 309, 312, 325–326
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 371
- Gaza administration issue:
- Israeli civil administration, 62–63, 127, 190, 193, 201–202, 259
- Local administration, 145
- U.N. commission to deal with, proposed, 183, 292
- U.S.-Israeli working group on, proposed, 135
- Gaza-Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits settlements, link between, 191, 202–203, 258–259
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Economic importance to Israel, 643–644
- Free navigation issue, 126–127, 159, 182, 186–187, 190–191, 201, 255, 702
- ICJ jurisdiction, 506–507, 508
- Israeli protection of its own ships, 256, 307, 312
- Israeli warships in, 395, 616n, 634–635, 642–645, 704
- Multinational declaration re, 257
- Pilgrims’ passage issue, 634–635, 637n, 643
- UNEF for, 35–36, 61–62, 130, 159, 163, 191, 201, 183, 256, 257–258, 276, 277, 307–308
- U.S. ships in Gulf following Israeli withdrawal, 255, 394
- Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, briefing on,
505–506
- Immigration to Israel, 412n
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 35–36
- Declaration of withdrawal, 300–301, 306–309, 311–313, 325–326, 340–347
- Dulles, private
conversations with, 206–207, 212, 227–228
- Israeli aide-mémoire on, 158–165
- Israeli reluctance to withdraw, 112–115, 128
- Israeli revised position, 254–267, 276–278, 291–295
- Negotiations with U.N. officials, 91, 92, 93–94,
97–98
- Non-belligerency issue, 130–131
- Process of withdrawal, 338n, 339, 347
- U.N. attitudes, Israeli hope to change, 193–194
- U.S. aide-mémoire on, 119–120, 125–132, 134–135, 145–146, 189–191, 265–266, 267
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute, 779
- Jordanian-Israeli relations, 780, 831–832
- NATO, 748–749, 781, 828–830
- Oil pipeline in Israel, 507
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 831–832
- Palestinian refugees, 159, 702–703, 833
- Richards Mission, 552–553, 603
- Soviet influence in Middle East, concerns about, 727–730, 780–781
- Soviet-Israeli relations, 552, 747–748
- Suez Canal:
- Israeli access issue, 146,
395, 506, 509
- Political settlement, proposal for, 135
- Syrian-Israeli conflict, possible, 702, 730
- U.N. protections for Israel, inadequacy of, 185–186
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 113,
181–182,
192, 194, 265–266, 301
- U.S. economic assistance, 407, 410, 504–505, 552–553, 703
- U.S. military assistance, 712, 731
- U.S. security guarantee for Israel, 730, 780–785
- Eden, Anthony, 458, 627
- Egypt (see also
Aswan Dam; Gaza, Egyptian
re-establishment in; Suez Canal; Egyptian subheadings under other subjects):
- Communists in, 16–17, 716, 802
- Cotton sales to U.S., 451
- Economic situation, 48, 49, 50, 74
- Funds frozen in U.S.:
- Egyptian demands for funds, 32,
49, 778
- French position, 776
- Funds frozen in U.K. and, 827
- Release of funds, conditions for, 738, 739, 753, 756–757, 775–776
- Saudi position, 230, 322
- U.K. position, 450–451
- U.S.-Egyptian discussions re, 739, 753, 756–757
- U.S. policy on, 41–42, 50,
213, 693, 738, 840
- Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations (see under
Suez Canal
below)
- IFC, membership in, 778, 840
- IMF withdrawals, 49, 50
- Imperialism concerns, 247–248
- IPC pipeline, 176–177
- Israel, diplomatic contacts with, 248
- Jews in, 12, 20–21, 412
- Jordan, relations with, 48, 795–796, 800–801, 804
- National Intelligence Estimate on, 790–791
- Nationalism in, 632, 647, 754
- Political situation, 16–17, 74, 713–715
- Positive neutrality policy, 632, 646–647, 677, 716–717, 753–754, 777–778, 786
- Press vilification of U.S., 678
- Radio campaigns against, 20, 177, 588–589
- Richards Mission, 565–566
- Soviet Union, relations with:
- Economic assistance, 48, 50, 631–632
- Military assistance, 438
- Nasser’s attitude
toward, 16–18, 24, 513, 631–632, 716, 786, 802
- U.S.-Egyptian relations, impact on, 175, 752–755, 757, 758–759, 776–777, 786
- U.S. sanctions against Egypt and, 176, 322
- Suez Canal:
- Suez Canal Company, settlement with (see
also
Suez Canal
above), 738, 739, 753,
756–757,
775–776,
839–840
- Syria, relations with, 694, 740, 785–786, 801–802
- Turkey, relations with, 696
- United Kingdom, financial relations with, 711, 763–764, 826–827
- United States, relations with, 11–12, 247–248
- Nasser’s attitude
toward, 174–176, 388, 587–590, 632, 677–679, 717, 789–790
- Rapprochement, possible, 752–759, 789–790, 795, 796, 800, 803–804
- Saudi Arabia consulted on, 805–806, 827–828
- Soviet-Egyptian relations, impact of, 175, 752–755, 757, 758–759, 776–777, 786
- Syrian situation and, 785–788
- U.S. economic assistance, 468–469
- U.S. military assistance, 213, 627–628
- U.S. objectives and policy for, 380–382, 386–392, 596–597
- U.S. Omega plan re, 608–610
- U.S. sanctions against (see also
Funds frozen in U.S.
above):
- U.S.-U.K. policy toward, 762–764
- Egyptian-American Rural Improvement Service, 787
- Eisenhower, Dwight D. (see also
Eisenhower
Doctrine):
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 273
- Ben Gurion, communications
with, 79–80,
82–84,
89–90,
109–112,
225–227,
235, 308–309, 312–313, 345–350, 379–380, 410–411, 428–430
- Bermuda Conference, 448n, 450–451, 452–459, 461–462
- Congressional leaders, meetings with, 214–224, 231–232
- Egypt:
- Soviet Union, relations with, 50
- United Kingdom, financial relations with, 711
- United States, relations with, 790, 795, 796
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 422n
- Ben Gurion,
communications with, 410–411, 428–430
- Israeli return in response, 356, 414n, 415, 418–419
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 115, 272–273, 296
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 268, 422n
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Free navigation issue, 659–660, 687–690, 694
- ICJ jurisdiction, 660–661
- Israeli warships in, 615n, 636n
- Pilgrims’ passage issue, 116,
684, 687–688, 689
- Saud,
communications with, 659, 687–691, 722, 734–736
- U.S. ships in Gulf following Israeli withdrawal, 253
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 147,
199, 252
- Israeli-Syrian conflict, possible, 695
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 102n, 243
- Ben Gurion,
communications with, 79–80, 82–84, 89–90,
109–112, 225–227, 235, 308–309, 312–313, 345–350, 379–380
- Declaration of withdrawal, 298n, 308–309, 338, 345, 347–348
- Israeli aide-mémoire on, 178–179
- Israeli revised position, 229,
268–269
- UNGA debate on, 179–180
- U.S. aide-mémoire on, 118–119, 126n, 156–158, 195n
- Middle East policy, 7–8, 30
- Nasser:
- Proposed meeting with, 739–740, 755
- U.S. approach for dealing with, 448, 450
- Nationalism and neutralism, views on, 453
- Richards Mission, 393, 565
- Said, meeting with, 847
- Saud, meetings with, 77, 80
- Saud’s letter of
friendship, 323
- Suez Canal:
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 380–382, 458
- Macmillan,
communications with, 574–575
- Negotiations on reopening, proposed, 40
- UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 546, 585
- Suez crisis, 805
- Syria, 734–735
- United Kingdom, U.S. relations with, 453–454
- Eisenhower Doctrine,
98, 174
- Elbrick, C. Burke, 21, 209n, 241, 249, 285, 295, 318, 362, 418n, 421n, 422n,
452, 601, 624, 762, 766
- Eliav, Pinhas, 8–9
- Engen, Hans, 67, 92, 364, 818–819, 821–825, 835–836, 860–863
- Eshkol, Levi, 90, 598, 599, 600, 649–651, 654–656
- Ethiopia, 630, 729
- Export-Import Bank, 214, 215, 505, 553, 650, 651, 703, 839, 840, 845–846
- Faisal, Crown Prince of Saudi
Arabia, 744
- Faisal II, King of Iraq, 842
- Falk, Elmer M., 610n
- Faure, Maurice, 24
- Fawzi, Mahmoud:
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 197n, 360–361, 447n
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 46, 149, 360–361, 397
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 46, 477
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 54–55, 95–96, 141–142, 223n, 304
- Israeli troop withdrawals:
- Declaration of withdrawal, 317, 325, 331
- UNGA debate on:
- U.S. aide-mémoire on, 119–120
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 809
- Palestinian refugees, 742, 824, 860–861, 862–863
- Richards Mission, 565, 566
- Suez Canal, 19, 22, 32, 57
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 430, 432, 469, 479–480, 498, 500n, 502–504, 513, 514, 519, 520–522, 523, 530n, 532n, 536, 547, 559–561, 570n
- ICJ jurisdiction, 697n
- Improvement fund, 521n
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 374, 389, 397, 427
- UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 568–569
- Suez Canal Company, settlement with Egypt, 756–757, 840
- U.S.-Egyptian relations, 678n, 758
- Fedayeen, 13, 14–15, 19–20, 103, 407
- Finland, 753, 776
- FitzGerald, Dennis A., 745n
- Flemming, Arthur S., 236, 242
- Fobes, John E., 362n, 745n, 770n, 820n
- Ford, Alan W., 553n,
697n
- Forrestal, James V., 137
- Fox, Gen. Alonso, 105,
106
- France (see also French subheadings under other
subjects):
- Four-Power agreement on Suez Canal, 154, 205–206
- Gulf of Aqaba, multinational declaration on, 257
- IMF withdrawals, 49
- Mollet government, fall of,
624
- Oil supplies for, 237, 251
- Radio campaign against Egypt, 20
- Frechtling, Louis E., 610n
- Free navigation issue. See under
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits.
- Freitas-Valle, 92
- Frost, Adm. Lawrence H., 208
- Fuad, Ahmed, 802
- Fulbright, J. William, 30, 69, 70, 221–222, 223, 626
- Furnas, Clifford C., 208
- Galbun, Mahmud, 332
- Gamon, David L., 14n, 81n, 398n, 550n, 610n, 620n, 642n, 661n, 698n, 706, 828, 831, 860
- Gardiner, George B., 712n
- Garner, Robert Livingston, 778
- Garvey, T.W., 452
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Administrative governor, appointment of:
- Arrival of governor, 424
- Egyptian position, 404–405, 419–421
- Hammarskjold’s
position, 397, 399, 426
- Israeli position, 402–403, 408, 411
- Military confrontation due to, possible, 414–415
- U.S.-Egyptian discussions re, 398–399, 401, 404–405, 414–415, 419–421, 424
- U.S. position, 398–399, 408
- Complete takeover by Egypt, U.S.-Israeli concerns re, 438–439, 442, 444,
456
- Dulles-Hammarskjöld communications re, 442–444
- Dulles-Nasser communications re, 445–447
- Egyptian position, 360–361
- Eisenhower-Ben Gurion communications re, 410–411, 428–430
- Israeli acceptance of token presence, 425–426
- Israeli concerns, U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 433–441
- Israeli return in response:
- French position, 350, 364, 414–416, 456
- Hammarskjöld’s
position, 324
- Israeli position, 363–364, 383–384, 385, 403n, 441, 456
- U.K. position, 414–415, 456
- U.S. position, 299, 351–359, 368–370, 372–373, 375–376, 377–378, 418–419
- Military forces in Gaza, 416–417, 422,
475
- Military forces in Sinai, 420, 423–424
- Nasser’s purpose, Israeli
position on, 409–410
- Non-belligerency issue, 409, 480–481, 490–491
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of:
- Arab position, 334, 335
- Eban-Hammarskjöld discussions,
276–279, 292
- Egyptian position, 197n
- French position, 287–289, 296–298
- Israeli position, 5–6, 13,
189–190, 263–265, 271–279, 291–295, 309, 312, 324, 325–326
- U.S. position, 263–265, 283
- U.S.-U.K. discussions re, 455–456
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 361–362
- Civil administration by UNEF, 423,
429
- Consultants to assist with, 143, 147, 150
- Currency issue, 372
- Dissolution of UNEF, possible, 441,
443–444
- Egyptian position, 360–361, 365,
405
- French position, 350
- Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, 474–477
- Hammarskjöld’s report on,
244–246,
264
- Infiltrators, dealing with, 438, 474–476
- Initial takeover period, 370–371
- Israeli dissatisfaction with, 406–407
- Israeli satisfaction with, 702
- Israeli side, stationing on, 365, 367–368, 371
- Israeli-UNEF meetings, 359
- Legal status of UNEF, 365–366, 368
- Military forces, dealing with, 476–477
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of (see also
Israeli declaration of withdrawal
under
Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza:
UNGA debate
on), 2
- Egyptian position, 20, 149–150, 330
- French position, 250–251, 288–289
- Israeli position, 13–14, 43,
45–47, 159, 163, 202, 259, 316
- Time limitation issue, 288
- U.S. position, 10, 115, 152, 293
- U.N. Advisory Committee for, 397, 476
- U.S. assurances to Israel, 282–283
- U.S.-U.K. discussions re, 455–456
- Gaza administration issue (see also
Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in; Gaza, UNEF takeover of; and Declaration of withdrawal
under
Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza):
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits settlement, link to, 191, 202–203, 258–259, 263,
277, 283
- Israeli civil administration:
- Local administration, 145
- Moratorium on public comment, 371
- U.N. commission to deal with, proposed, 183, 187, 200, 204,
292
- U.N. long-term administration, proposed, 862–863
- UNEF civil administration, 423, 429
- U.S.-Israeli working group on, proposed, 135
- U.S. position, 328–329
- George, Walter F., 15, 116, 142n, 147, 310, 452
- Georges-Picot, Jacques, 325, 372–373
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 199, 209, 579, 725
- Ghana, 729
- Gleason, S. Everett, 51, 101
- Gohar, Lt. Col. Salah, 423
- Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 599
- Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J.,
Jr., 200n,
209n, 215, 228n, 295, 323n, 380, 381–382, 387n, 404n, 410n,
418n, 422n, 448, 452, 546n, 547, 659, 713n
- Gordon, Thomas S., 8, 214
- Graham, J.A.N., 458n
- Graham, Philip, 136n
- Gray, Gordon, 105
- Green, Joseph C., 122
- Green, Theodore F., 69, 214
- Greene, Joseph N., Jr., 27n, 65n, 659,
737, 749n
- Gromyko, Andrei A., 732, 747–748, 749, 760, 777, 780, 782
- Gruenther, Gen. Alfred M., 122
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Economic importance to Israel, 643–644
- Egyptian military activity, possible, 183
- Free navigation issue (see
also
ICJ
jurisdiction
below):
- Arab position, 123, 151
- Definition of terms, 159, 255, 260–261
- Egyptian position, 110, 123, 151, 173–174, 411
- Eisenhower-Saud communications re, 659, 687–691, 722, 734–736
- French position, 24, 250
- Israeli position, 6, 8–9, 14, 126–127, 166, 169–170, 182–183, 186–187, 190–191, 204, 255, 313–315, 383, 437, 702
- Multinational declaration re, proposed, 250, 257, 261–262
- Saudi position, 103–104, 242, 322, 498–499, 606, 607n, 686, 722
- Searches of ships, 455
- U.K. position, 242
- U.S. aide-mémoire on, 691–693, 694, 722, 736
- U.S. assurances to Israel, 115, 116, 120, 129, 133, 201, 282–283, 286
- U.S. position, 11, 31, 104–105, 133, 151–152, 155, 190–191, 260–261, 294–295, 313–314, 328, 390, 499, 606
- U.S.-Saudi exchanges of views, 659–660, 681–692
- U.S.-U.K. discussions re, 454–455, 466
- Gaza settlement, link to Gulf developments, 191, 202–203, 258–259, 263,
277, 283
- ICJ jurisdiction:
- Egyptian position, 397
- Israeli position, 506–508
- Saudi position, 104, 606, 657, 722
- U.S. position, 104, 455, 507–508, 660–661, 683–684, 690, 691
- U.S.-U.K. joint statement on, 466
- Interim arrangement to govern shipping, proposed, 657, 679–680
- Israeli military activity, possible, 684–685
- Israeli protection of its own ships:
- Israeli warships in:
- Arab position, 625
- Israeli position, 634–635
- Saudi position, 605–608, 636–641, 648
- Tying up of warships, 616n, 704
- U.N. consideration of, possible, 636–641, 648, 657
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 395, 634–635, 642–645
- U.S. position, 395, 625–626, 638, 683
- U.S.-Saudi discussions re, 605–608, 636–641, 648, 656–657
- U.S. strategy for dealing with, 614–616, 657–659, 679–681
- Israeli withdrawal from Sharm al-Sheikh. See
Declaration of withdrawal
under
Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and
Gaza.
- Pilgrims’ passage issue, 118–119
- Israeli position, 634–635, 643
- Saudi position, 116, 637, 657, 722
- U.S. position, 661, 684, 687–688, 689, 692
- Saudi policy of “closed Arab Gulf,” 102, 498–499, 606,
607n, 686, 722
- U.N. neutral warship, proposed, 658–659
- UNEF for, 2, 25, 45–46
- Duration of deployment, 328
- Egyptian support for, 477
- Hammarskjöld-Eban talks re, 91–93
- Israeli position, 35–36, 43,
61–62, 63, 115, 130, 166, 171, 183, 256, 257–258, 276, 307–308, 314
- Mission, definition of, 159,
163, 191, 201, 257–258, 262, 276
- Naval units, 256, 261, 277, 307
- Saudi position, 105
- U.S. position, 31, 261, 328, 422
- Withdrawal, conditions for, 257–258, 262, 269, 276, 314, 455
- U.S. ships carrying war materials to Israel, Saudi concerns re,
605–608
- U.S. ships in Gulf following Israeli withdrawal:
- Gunewardene, R.S.S., 39
- Hagerty, James C., 178n, 195, 196, 199n, 215, 236n, 295, 422n, 452
- Haikal, Mohammed,
26, 710n, 720n, 723
- Halleck, Charles, 219
- Hammarskjöld, Dag:
- Ben Gurion’s attitude
toward, 6–7
- Egyptian funds frozen in U.S., 41
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 365, 416–418, 425–426
- Administrative governor, appointment of, 397, 399
- Dulles,
communications with, 442–444
- Dulles-Nasser communications,
447n,
459n
- Israeli return in response, 324, 363–364, 369–370, 372–373
- Non-belligerency issue, 480–481
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 273, 274–278, 279, 292, 324
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of:
- Initial takeover period, 370–371
- Israeli side, stationing on, 365, 367, 371, 373
- Legal status of UNEF, 365–366
- Nasser,
negotiations with, 474–477
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 2, 43n, 45–46, 149–150
- Report on, 244–246, 264
- U.N. Advisory Committee for, 397
- Gaza administration, 197
- Moratorium on public comment, 371
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Free navigation issue, 124
- ICJ jurisdiction, 397
- UNEF for, 2, 25, 31n, 45–46, 62, 130, 276, 277, 477
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 123,
143
- Israeli-Jordanian relations, 832n, 857
- Israeli troop withdrawals:
- Declaration of withdrawal, 317, 319, 324
- Egyptian forces used in event of failure to withdrawal,
56–57
- Israeli revised position, 276–278, 279
- Negotiations with U.N. officials, 91–94, 97–98
- Process of withdrawal, 366
- Reports to UNGA, 123–124, 141, 150, 385–386
- Suez Canal settlement and, 32–33
- UNGA debate on, 57, 61,
67–68, 72
- U.S. aide-mémoire, 119, 120n, 122–125
- Middle East, U.S. aid policies, 2–3
- Middle East visit (December 1957), 857–858
- Nasser, assessment of,
442
- Negotiations with Nasser, 457, 467
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 809
- Palestinian refugees, 663, 741–742, 751, 808,
816, 823, 824, 858–859
- Suez Canal (see also
Negotiations with Nasser
above), 100–101
- Clearance costs, repayment of, 724, 726, 765, 766n
- Clearing operations, 1–2, 3
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 477–481, 544n, 546n, 547–549, 554n, 568, 570n
- ICJ jurisdiction, 697
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 106, 206n, 374, 397, 421, 427
- Israeli access issue, 372,
374, 479–480
- Israeli troop withdrawals linked to Canal settlement, 32–33
- Negotiations on reopening, proposed, 22, 23, 40, 57,
65, 92–93, 124
- UNSC consideration of,
544
- Suez Canal Company, settlement with Egypt, 756
- UNRWA, 797, 798
- Hanes, John W., Jr., 681, 745–747, 765n, 816n, 820n
- Hare, Raymond A., 11n, 247–249, 322–323, 430–431, 459n, 564n, 800–802
- Nasser, interviews with,
16–21,
26, 173–177, 388, 404–405, 419–421, 423–424, 500–502, 518–519, 536–538, 631–632
- Nasser-Humphrey meeting, 587–590
- Richards Mission, 565, 566
- Suez Canal:
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 432n, 469n, 498, 500–504, 518–519, 520–524, 526–527, 530n, 532n, 536–538, 541–542, 559–561, 574
- UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 527, 542–543, 546, 568–569
- Suez crisis, 594
- U.S.-Egyptian relations, 388, 631–632, 677–679
- Harlow, Bryce N., 215
- Hassanein, Magdi, 802
- Hatem, 420, 424
- Hayden, Carl, 214
- Hayter, Sir William, 774
- Hazlett, Capt. E. E., 805
- Heath, Donald R., 859–860
- Heeney, Arnold, 318, 319
- Hegelan, Faisal, 332
- Heikal, Mohammed. See
Haikal.
- Henderson, Loy W., 412n, 483, 708
- Hennings, Thomas, Jr., 214
- Herter, Christian A., 116n, 196n, 254, 291, 295, 299, 303, 340, 347n, 351, 357, 380, 382, 415n, 428n, 492n, 527n, 531n, 585, 712n, 794, 850n, 857–859
- Egyptian-Turkish relations, 695–696
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 439
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of:
- Civil administration by UNEF, 423
- Israeli side, stationing on, 386, 762
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 605n
- ICJ jurisdiction, 507, 508
- Israeli warships in, 616n, 634–635
- U.S. ships in Gulf following Israeli withdrawal, 378n, 394
- Israel:
- Immigration to, 412, 761
- Oil pipeline, 508
- U.N. sanctions against, 142n
- U.S. economic assistance, 507
- U.S. military assistance, 712n, 760
- Israeli troop withdrawals, UNGA
debate on, 385–386
- Palestinian refugees, 661, 698, 706,
741n, 751n, 833, 863n
- Richards Mission, 566, 597n
- Saudi Arabia, U.S. military assistance to, 635
- Suez Canal:
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 483, 509n, 540, 574
- ICJ jurisdiction, 697
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 421
- Israeli access issue, 395–396
- UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 539–540, 546n, 547, 583–584, 586–587
- UNRWA, 610, 613n, 618, 816n
- Herzog, Yaacov, 5, 8–9, 598, 759, 779, 793, 825, 828, 831, 833
- Hill, Robert C., 187, 215, 310
- Hilmi, Samir, 654
- Hitchcock, James J., 593n
- Hoffacker, Lewis, 213–214
- Hoffman, Paul G., 137
- Home, Lord, 400, 403
- Hood, Viscount Samuel, 762, 766, 774
- Hoover, Herbert, Jr., 48–50, 58n, 604
- Hope, C.P., 452
- Houghton, Amory, 286, 295, 601
- Howe, Fisher, 330n, 380–381, 385n, 404n, 418n, 422n, 444n, 482n, 483–485, 499, 528n, 545–547, 571n, 604, 619n, 661n, 706–707, 751n,
772n, 792n, 833n
- Hoyer Millar, Sir Frederick, 452, 483, 493, 494
- Hudson, Manley, 661
- Humphrey, George, 49–50, 51, 100, 179, 180, 196, 237
- Humphrey, Hubert H., 30,
587–589
- al-Hussaini, Jamal Bey, 77
- Hussein, King of Jordan, 148, 310n, 323n, 459n,
531, 609, 657, 708, 772, 795, 804n, 832
- Hussein, Ahmed, 332, 335, 752–759, 789–790, 795n, 800–802, 803, 806, 839
- Iliff, William A., 839,
840
- Imperial Chemical Industries, 702
- India, 49, 50, 284n, 777
- Intelligence Advisory Committee, 208
- Intelligence on Suez crisis. See
U.S. intelligence re
under
Suez crisis.
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (see also
Black,
Eugene), 4, 501
- International Court of Justice (ICJ). See
ICJ
subheadings under
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits; Suez Canal.
- International Finance Corporation (IFC),
778, 840
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 41, 49–50
- Iran, 209, 580
- Iraq, 20, 26, 588, 609, 729
- Israel (see also
Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in; Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza; Israeli subheadings under other subjects):
- Arab boycott against, 702, 703, 704
- Arms shipments to Arab countries, concerns about, 701–702, 729–730
- Border settlements, defense of, 384
- Collective security arrangement, interest in, 783–784, 794, 828–830
- Economic situation, 384, 649–650
- Egypt, diplomatic contacts with, 248
- Egyptian troops, attacks on, 7, 11, 13
- Eisenhower Doctrine as
security guarantee for, 183, 597–599, 600–601, 730, 732,
733, 760
- Export-Import Bank loan, 845–846
- Fedayeen raids against, 14–15, 19–20
- Gaza administration issue:
- Israeli civil administration, 62–63, 127, 171–172, 190, 192–193, 201–202, 212, 259
- UNEF takeover of, 13–14, 43,
45–47, 159, 163, 202, 259, 316, 429, 406–407, 702, 359, 365, 367–368, 371, 373, 386, 438, 439–440, 476, 762
- U.S.-Israeli working group on, proposed, 862–863
- Gulf of Aqaba/Straits of Tiran (see also
Free navigation issue
under
Gulf of Aqaba/Straits of Tiran):
- Israeli military activity, possible, 684–685
- Israeli protection of its ships, 256, 261, 283, 286, 307, 312, 315
- Israeli warships in, 616n, 634–635, 704
- Arab position, 625
- Saudi position, 605–608, 636–641, 648
- U.N. consideration of, possible, 636–641, 648, 657
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 395, 634–635, 642–645
- U.S. position, 395,
625–626, 638, 683
- U.S.-Saudi discussions re, 605–608, 636–641, 648, 656–657
- U.S. strategy for dealing with, 614–616, 657–659, 679–681
- Housing projects, 600, 851–852
- Immigration to, 412–413, 552,
599–600,
649, 650, 655–656, 761, 762, 775
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute, 708–710, 723, 761,
762, 772, 779
- Jordan, relations with, 728, 772–773, 780, 831–832, 857
- Oil pipeline, 35, 62, 126, 507, 508
- Refugee situation, 667–668, 670–672, 699,
706–707,
810, 811, 817, 822, 836, 862
- New initiative, possible, 824,
825–826, 858, 859–860
- Policy on, 45, 46, 159, 167–168, 172, 663, 702–703, 833
- Richards Mission, 552–553, 597–601, 603
- Sharm al-Sheik, withdrawal from. See
Declaration of withdrawal
under
Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and
Gaza.
- Soviet influence in Middle East, concerns about, 727–730, 780–781
- Soviet Union, relations with, 552,
747–748
- Suez Canal, access to, 2
- Egyptian position, 55, 121–122, 479–480, 502, 513
- ICJ jurisdiction, 480, 513, 514–515
- Israeli position, 146, 169, 372, 374, 395, 491, 506, 509
- JCS position, 100
- U.K. position, 468
- UNGA consideration,
possible, 480
- U.S. position, 390, 468, 481, 491–492
- Syria, possible conflict with, 620–621, 694–695, 702, 704,
730, 731–732, 733, 760
- Tenth anniversary celebration, 703,
705
- U.K. firms’ withdrawal from, 702, 704
- U.N. protections, inadequacy of, 185–186
- U.N. sanctions against:
- Arab-Asian resolution, 15, 28, 53n, 101
- Canadian position, 55, 209
- Congress, U.S., opposition of, 139–140, 142–143, 144, 147, 188, 196, 215–224, 231–232
- Effects of sanctions, U.S. estimate of, 208–211
- Egyptian draft resolution, 141–142
- Egyptian position, 54–55, 95–96, 98
- French position, 251
- French response, possible, 66,
208, 209–210
- Indian resolution, 284n
- Israeli declaration to withdraw and, 334
- Israeli position, 111, 113, 148, 200, 203–204, 294
- Israeli response, possible, 123
- Saudi position, 102, 103, 142
- Schedule for debate, 181–182, 187, 192, 194, 203–204, 225, 233–234, 265–266, 270, 271, 285, 301
- Security Council as forum for, 143–144
- Soviet-Arab resolution, 198
- U.S. position, 53–54, 99,
102–103, 121–122, 136–137, 215–224, 301–302
- U.S. resolution, 196, 230, 236
- U.S. economic assistance:
- Israeli requests for, 407,
410, 504–505, 552–553, 649–651, 655, 703
- Richards Mission
and, 552–553
- U.S. policy, 40–41, 426, 507, 600, 652–653, 655–656, 705
- U.S. military assistance, 712–713, 731,
760, 761
- U.S. security guarantee (see also
Eisenhower Doctrine
above), 195, 780–785, 792–793
- Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza:
- Declaration of withdrawal:
- Arab response, 319–320, 326, 330, 332–336
- Development of Israeli policy. See
Israeli revised position
below.
- Egyptian position, 331
- Eisenhower-Ben
Gurion communications re, 308–309, 312–313, 345–350
- Hammarskjöld’s
position, 319, 324
- Israeli Government, impact on, 337, 349–350
- Notification of U.S. Middle East embassies, 309–310, 320–321
- Soviet rumors about, 333, 346
- Text of, 298–299, 311, 313–317, 325
- UNGA, presentation to,
308, 311, 317, 319, 324–325, 327–329, 330–331, 338, 339
- U.S.-Arab discussions re, 332–336
- U.S. assessment of, 317–318
- U.S.-French discussions re, 296–298, 305–306, 318–320, 338–339
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 300–303, 306–309, 311–313, 325, 340–347
- U.S. statement to UNGA,
327–329, 330–331, 337
- Israeli reaction to, 339, 340–345, 349
- U.S.-U.K. discussions re, 318–320
- Egyptian forces used in event of failure to withdraw, 56–57
- Egyptian position, 32, 512–513
- Eisenhower-Ben Gurion communications re, 79–80, 82–84, 89–90, 109–112, 225–227, 235, 308–309, 312–313, 345–350, 379–380
- French position, 24, 249–251, 296–298, 305–306, 318–320, 338–339
- Hammarskjöld-Eban talks re, 91–94, 276–278, 279
- Hammarskjöld’s reports on,
123–124,
141, 150, 385–386
- Israeli aide-mémoire on:
- Israeli Government meetings on, 91n, 227,
228–229,
237–238
- Israeli revised position (see
also
Declaration of withdrawal
above):
- Development of, 227, 228–229, 235, 237–238, 253n
- Eisenhower’s
request for, 225–226
- Hammarskjöld-Eban talks re, 276–278, 279
- U.S. assessments of, 268–270
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 253n, 254–267, 291–295
- Negotiations by U.N. officials, 91–94, 97–98
- Non-belligerency issue, 113–114, 130–131, 138,
148–149
- Process of withdrawal, 12, 35, 333, 335, 359,
361–362,
366, 379
- Suez Canal settlement and, 32–33, 48, 55, 93
- U.K. position, 243–244, 318–320
- U.N. attitudes, Israeli hope to change, 193–194
- UNGA debate on:
- Afro-Asian draft resolution, 39
- Canadian resolution, 56, 57, 241, 294
- Egyptian draft resolution, 37–38
- Hammarskjöld’s
report on troop withdrawals, 385–386
- Hammarskjöld’s
resolution recommendations, 57
- Initiative through UNEF advisory committee states,
proposed, 67
- Israeli declaration of withdrawal:
- Presentation of, 308,
311, 317, 319, 324–325, 327–329, 330–331, 338, 339
- U.S. statement on, 327–329, 330–331, 337, 339, 340–345, 349
- Israeli preparations for, 35–37
- Resolutions on withdrawal (1124 and
1125), 15
- Arab interpretation of, 84–89
- Development of, 58–61, 67–68, 70–73, 77
- Final texts of, 78–79
- Israeli position, 63,
75–77, 90–91
- Votes on, 78
- U.S.-Israeli communications re, 73–74
- U.S. possible courses of action, 179–180
- U.S. aide-mémoire on:
- Changes in wording, 163
- Elucidation of, 265–266, 267
- Hammarskjöld’s
attitude toward, 122–125
- Israeli response, 145–146, 147n, 156–158, 168–169, 170–172, 187–188
- Presentation to Eban, 125–132
- Publication of, 131–132, 135, 195n
- Text of, 132–134
- U.S. discussions re, 118–121
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 134–136, 189–191
- U.S. Congressional resolution on, 218–219, 221–222, 250
- U.S. expression of gratification, 345–349, 379
- U.S.-French discussions re, 249–251
- U.S.-Israeli bilateral negotiations, proposed, 162, 166–167, 168,
178
- U.S. position, 24–25, 27–28, 94–95, 179, 183–186
- Explanation of position to Arab governments, 154–155
- U.S. religious groups’ position, 239–240
- Italy, 538, 579,
725
- Jackling, Roger, 766
- Jackson, Henry, 592
- Jamali, Muhammed Fadhi, 86, 87, 88
- Japan, 580
- Javits, Jacob K., 751n
- Jawdat, Ali, 748
- Jernegan, John D., 52n
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute, 708–710, 723, 761, 762, 772, 779
- Johnson, Lyndon B., 30, 139–140, 215–216, 218, 220, 222–223, 231, 253, 268–269
- Johnston, Eric A., 662, 742, 749–751, 808
- Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 100, 105, 837–838, 852–856
- Jones, John Wesley, 96n, 305n, 525n, 527n, 529n, 539n, 553n, 792n
- Jordan, 20, 211,
609, 614, 647
- Arab states’ subsidy for, 48
- Egypt, relations with, 795–796, 800–801, 804
- Israel, relations with, 728, 772–773, 780, 831–832, 857
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute, 708–710, 723, 761,
762, 772, 779
- Political situation, 531, 728, 732–733
- Refugee situation, 665, 666, 812–814, 816
- Richards Mission, 565, 566
- Jordan River plan, 668, 742, 749–751, 811
- Joxe, Louis, 285, 289n,
296, 601
- al-Kaissouni, Abdelmoneim, 738, 739–740, 778, 838
- Kalijarvi, Thorsten V., 451n, 738n
- Kefauver, Estes, 30
- Kern, Harry F., 744
- al-Khayyal, Abdullah, 86, 102, 105, 636n, 659, 660, 767
- Khouri, Victor A., 332, 335
- Khrushchev, Nikita S., 732, 761, 781
- Kidron, Mordecai R., 36–37, 317n, 723
- Kisilev, Yevgeniy D., 802
- Knowland, William F., 69, 187–188, 195, 196, 218–219, 222, 223, 224, 592
- Kollek, Theodore (Teddy), 553, 598, 599–600
- Krekeler, Heinz L., 199
- Labouisse, Henry R., 81n, 149, 611, 663, 797n,
808, 833
- Laboulaye, François de, 21, 249, 318, 587n
- Lall, Arthur S., 27n, 39, 61, 84,
92, 99, 284n
- Laloy, Jean Leonard, 601
- LaRue, G.W., 788n
- Laskey, Denis S., 452, 762, 766
- Lathram, L. Wade, 649
- Lausanne Protocol of 1949, 849, 850
- Lawson, Edward B., 8–9, 90–91, 225n, 228–229, 230n, 237–238, 359, 403n, 727
- Ben Gurion, interviews
with, 5–7, 12–14, 89–90, 148–149, 170–173, 200, 203–204, 348–350, 383–385, 429–430, 793n
- Richards Mission, 603
- Leary, Col. Byron V., 620n, 723, 779, 832
- Lebanon, 20, 148,
609, 695, 728
- Liberia, 257, 262
- Libya, 609, 729
- Lloyd, Selwyn, 420
- Aswan Dam, 629
- Bermuda Conference, 450, 452, 456–459, 461–462, 463n, 464n, 465,
466n
- Egyptian-U.K. financial relations, 711, 763–764
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 456
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 466n
- Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, 465
- Nasser, attitude toward,
450, 461–462
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 458, 459, 463n, 767–768, 774, 775
- Suez Canal, 464n
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 580
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 457
- Sterling payment issue, 596n
- UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 544, 584–585, 595, 596n
- Suez Canal Users Association, 578,
580, 581, 582–583
- Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 56–57, 215, 372–374, 396–398, 425–427, 788, 857
- Egyptian funds frozen in U.S., 41n
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Administrative governor, appointment of, 399
- Egyptian position, 360–361
- Israeli return in response, 363–364, 375
- Military forces in Gaza, 416–417
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 275–278
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of:
- Consultants to assist with, 143
- Egyptian position, 360–361
- Israeli side, stationing on, 368, 371
- Legal status of UNEF, 368
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 2, 45–47, 149–150
- U.N. report on, 244–245
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 159
- Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, 474–482
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 195
- Arab-Asian resolution, 197,
198–199, 246–247
- Congress, U.S., opposition of, 144, 218, 219–220, 221, 222–223, 224
- Egyptian draft resolution, 141–142
- Egyptian position, 54–55, 95–96
- Security Council as forum for, 143–144
- U.S. position, 53–54, 137
- U.S. resolution, 196, 236, 284–285, 290, 304
- Israeli-Syrian conflict, possible, 621n
- Israeli troop withdrawals:
- Declaration of withdrawal, 317–318, 324–325, 330–331, 338–339
- Israeli aide-mémoire on, 179
- Israeli revised position, 260n, 269–270
- Process of withdrawal, 338–339
- UNGA debate on, 27n, 35–36,
180
- U.S. aide-mémoire, 119–120, 122–125, 147n, 156
- U.S. policy to apply pressure, 94–95
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 633–634
- Suez Canal (see also
Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations
above), 1–2, 42
- Clearance costs, repayment of, 765n
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 481–482
- Interim arrangement on on operation of Canal, proposed,
106–108, 140n, 153n
- Israeli access issue, 481
- Israeli troop withdrawals linked to Canal settlement, 32–33
- UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 563n, 569n, 570n, 571, 581n, 624
- U.N. sanctions against Israel (see
Israel, U.N. sanctions against
above)
- UNGA debate on Israeli troop
withdrawals (see under
Israeli troop withdrawals
above)
- Lord, Mary P., 613n
- Lourie, Arthur, 598
- Loutfi, Omar, 84, 141, 544n, 567
- Luce, Clare Boothe, 136
- Luce, Henry R., 136–137
- Lucet, Charles E., 21, 318, 587n
- Ludlow, James M., 75, 77, 81n, 636, 642n,
661n, 663n, 698n, 706
- McAfee, William, 208n
- McCardle, Carl W., 21
- McCloy, John J., 23, 52, 467–469, 500–502, 512–514, 824
- McCollum, Robert J., 610n
- McCormack, John W., 196,
217, 219, 220, 222, 223
- Macmillan, Harold, 241, 243–244, 252, 400, 574, 585, 596n, 617
[Page 883]
- Macomber, William B., Jr., 3n, 64n, 233–234, 350n, 359n, 362n, 452, 619n, 653, 660, 661n
- Mahdi, Saleh, 841, 847
- Mahgoub, 86, 88,
89
- Majid, Abdul Aziz, 102
- Malek. See
Malik, Charles
H.
- Malik, Charles H.,
17, 24, 223n, 244, 247, 513, 737, 774–775, 788, 809
- Mallory, Lester D., 772n, 795n
- Mansfield, Mike, 30, 69, 219, 223, 592
- Marshall, George, 137
- Martin, Joseph W., Jr., 222
- Mathews, Elbert G., 645n, 833
- Meeker, Leonard C., 31n, 44n, 58n, 96n, 117n, 140n,
152n, 205n, 306, 309, 473n, 485n, 511, 527n, 529n, 569n,
575n, 583n, 640, 653–654
- Meir, Golda, 2, 124, 312, 749
- Dulles, meetings with, 299–303, 377–378, 433–441
- Eisenhower Doctrine as
security guarantee for Israel, 598–599, 600–601
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 10, 370–371
- Gaza administration, proposed U.S.-Israeli working group on, 135
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits:
- Free navigation issue, 182,
437
- UNEF for, 31n
- Immigration to Israel, 599, 762
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 181,
233
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 97, 138, 207
- Declaration of withdrawal, 300, 301, 302–303, 330, 337, 338, 339
- Israeli revised position, 227–228, 253n
- UNGA debate on, 27n
- Jordanian-Israeli relations, 857
- NATO, 760
- Syrian-Israeli conflict, possible, 760
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 181,
233
- UNGA debate on Israeli troop
withdrawals, 27n
- U.S. economic assistance, 600
- U.S. military assistance, 760, 761
- Menderes, Adnan, 696
- Menon, V.K. Krishna, 20, 73, 84–85, 86–87, 88–89, 127, 467, 477, 556
- Menzies, Robert G., 107, 403, 788
- Merchant, Livingston T., 774
- Meroz, Yohanan, 489, 634, 701, 727
- Merrill, Robert T., 765n
- Metzger, Stanley D., 96n, 117n, 205n, 362n, 432n, 485n, 511, 529n, 575n
- Middle East (see also
Palestine, comprehensive approach to):
- Eisenhower policy on (see also
Eisenhower Doctrine; Richards
Mission), 2–3, 7–8, 17, 30
- Congressional consideration of, 69–70, 122
- Nasser’s attitude
toward, 17–18
- U.S. military presence, 8
- Western position, strengthening of, 794
- Minnich, L. Arthur, Jr., 215
- Mohieddin, Zakaria, 20–21
- Moline, Edwin G., 362n, 575n, 583n
- Mollet, Guy, 280n, 284,
289, 297, 317, 338, 352, 415–416, 418, 419n, 435, 601, 624
- Moose, James S., Jr., 176n
- Morgan, Thomas E., 214
- Morocco, 609
- Morris, Brewster H., 452,
458n
- Morris, Willie, 762, 766
- Morse, Wayne, 30
- Mouser, Grant E., 252n
- Murphy, Robert D., 15, 31n, 44n, 69, 102, 116n,
125, 142n, 209n, 240n, 546n, 712n, 774
- Boundaries issue, 852–854
- Egypt, 230
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 409
- Gaza administration issue, 135, 145
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 43, 62, 115, 135
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 39, 63, 112–115, 337
- Suez Canal, 42, 146
- Suez crisis, 604
- UNGA debate on Israeli troop
withdrawals, 39, 63
- Naevdal, Per Thee, 98–99, 860
- Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 11, 148, 323, 459n
- Arab Summit Conference, 310n
- Aswan Dam, 175, 588
- Baghdad Pact, 588
- Communists in Egypt, 16–17, 716
- Egyptian political situation, 16–17, 74
- Eisenhower, proposed
meeting with, 739–740, 755
- Eisenhower Doctrine, 174
- Fedayeen, views on, 19–20
- Foreign policy, 715
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in:
- Administrative governor, appointment of, 404–405, 419–421, 424
- Dulles,
communications with, 445–447
- Israeli position on Nasser’s motivation, 409–410
- Military forces in Gaza, 417
- Military forces in Sinai, 420,
423–424
- Non-belligerency issue, 480–481
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of:
- Egyptian endorsement of, 405
- Hammarskjöld,
negotiations with, 474–477
- Pre-withdrawal consideration of, 20
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 173–174
- Hammarskjöld’s assessment
of, 442
- Humphrey, meeting with,
587–590
- IPC pipeline, 176–178
- Iraq, 26
- Israel, opposition to, 433–434
- Israeli-Egyptian diplomatic contacts, 248
- Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza, 512–513
- Jews in Egypt, 20
- Jordanian-Egyptian relations, 800–801, 804
- Middle East, Eisenhower’s
policy on, 17–18
- National Intelligence Estimate on, 790–791
- Negotiations with Hammarskjöld, 457, 467
- Positive neutrality policy, 716–717
- Radio campaigns against Egypt, attitude toward, 20, 177, 588–589
- Saud’s assessment of, 827
- Soviet-Egyptian relations, 16–18, 24, 513, 631–632, 716,
786, 802
- Suez Canal, 19, 99
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 477–481, 500–502, 512–514, 518–519, 536–538
- Negotiations with Hammarskjöld re, 474–481
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed, 177, 251, 457
- Israeli access issue, 5, 479–480, 502, 513
- Negotiations on reopening, proposed, 92–93, 124
- UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 542–543
- Suez Canal Company, settlement with Egypt, 839
- Suez crisis, 56–57, 594
- Syria, attitude toward, 720–721
- Syrian-Egyptian relations, 694, 785–786, 801–802
- Turkish-Egyptian relations, 696
- U.K. attitude toward, 452–453, 461–462
- U.S. approach for dealing with, 445–448, 450–451, 596–597
- U.S.-Egyptian relations:
- Attitude toward, 174–176, 388, 587–590, 632, 677–679, 717, 789–790
- Rapprochement, possible, 800,
803–804
- U.S. recognition as Arab leader, 737,
777
- National Intelligence Estimates:
- National Security Council (NSC), 783
- Actions:
- Meetings:
- 310th, Jan. 24, 1957, 47–51
- 311th, Jan. 31, 1957, 74
- 312th, Feb. 7, 1957, 99–101
- 331st, July 18, 1957, 694–695
- Navy, U.S. Department of, 396
- Nehru, Jawaharlal, 30, 34
- Netherlands, 257, 578, 725
- The New York Times, 151n, 239, 341, 589, 678, 839
- New Zealand, 580
- Newsom, David D., 102, 614n, 636, 648, 656n, 660, 679, 681, 688, 689, 690n, 691n, 767n, 841, 847
- Newsweek, 589
- Nile Waters Agreement, 609
- Noel, Emile, 285, 296
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 748–749, 760, 781, 828–830, 841
- Norway, 154, 205–206, 579, 633, 725, 809
- Nosseir, Abu, 802
- O’Connor, Roderic L., 610n
- Oil pipelines:
- Oil supplies for Europe, 236–237, 242–243, 251, 267
- Oman, 703
- Operation Stockpile, 105–106
- Pakistan, 20, 580
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to:
- in UNGA, 81, 633–634, 642, 788–789, 809
- U.N. Special Committee for Palestine, 842
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 831–832
- U.S.-U.K. joint statements on, 458–459, 463, 766–770, 774–775
- Palestine Conciliation Commission, 662n, 663, 664, 673, 810, 834, 849
- Palestinian refugees, 610–611
- Arab unity re, 809–810, 833
- Automatic reintegration (see
Resettlement in Arab countries
below)
- Compensation for, 159, 167–168, 668, 673–676, 706–707, 811,
833–834,
862
- Demographic breakdown, 812
- Economic considerations, 665
- Economic development projects for (see also
Jordan River plan
below), 819, 823–825, 834, 835–836, 858,
860–861,
863
- Eisenhower-Ben Gurion communications re,
proposed, 836–837
- History of refugee problem, 662–663
- Integration of refugees in communities where they reside, 812–814, 816, 835,
858
- Israeli initiative, possible, 824,
825–826,
858, 859–860
- Israeli policy, 45, 46, 159, 167–168, 172, 663,
677, 702–703, 833
- Jordan River plan and, 668, 742, 749–751, 811
- Leaders of, 810
- Political considerations, 663–665
- Postponement of consideration of, 741–743, 807–808, 834–835
- Repatriation of, 46, 159, 172,
667–668,
670–673,
706–707,
810, 836–837, 862
- Resettlement in Arab countries, 663, 665–666, 668,
811
- Self-support projects, 813, 814, 817,
835
- “Third party” involvement in arranging settlement, 707, 750,
751n, 807, 808,
817, 818–819
- Dulles-Engen discussions re, 821–825
- U.N. efforts re. See
United Nations Relief and Works
Agency.
- UNGA consideration of, 81–82, 669
- U.S. funding of programs, 699–701
- U.S.-Israeli discussions re, 702–703, 704–705
- U.S. reports on (see also
Villard Study
below), 661–676, 698–701, 807–819, 833–837
- Villard Study, 661n, 698–701, 706–707, 741–743, 749–751, 807–819, 833–837, 859–860, 863n
- Panama, 257, 262
- Parpais, Paul, 296
- Paul, Norman, 590, 591, 594n, 619n
- Pearson, Lester, 41n, 46, 55–56,
59, 67, 71, 72–73, 98, 135, 143, 201, 207, 292, 319, 325, 365, 441
- Pederson, Richard E., 417n
- Pella, Giuseppe, 816, 861
- Persons, Maj. Gen. Wilton B.,
215
- Phleger, Herman, 27n, 116n, 142n, 158, 180, 189, 254, 261, 286, 289n, 291, 300, 305, 340, 406, 421n, 422n, 433, 452, 492, 494
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 357, 401n, 409
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 408
- Gaza administration issue, 192–193, 263
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 294–295, 307,
394, 395
- Israel:
- Immigration to, 412
- U.N. sanctions against, 196,
232n
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 39, 307, 308,
309, 310, 311, 320n, 347
- Suez Canal, 22, 23, 52, 362, 381, 382, 431n, 468–469, 483, 484,
496n
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 196,
232n
- Pilgrims to Mecca. See under
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits.
- Pineau, Christian, 21–25, 107, 124, 280n, 284, 285–289, 296–298, 305–306, 324, 338–339, 350, 370, 601–603, 624, 840
- Poland, 412, 599
- Portugal, 579
- Positive neutrality, 632, 646–647, 677–678, 716–717, 753–754, 777–778, 786
- Proctor, Carolyn, 79n, 118n, 119n, 120n, 121n, 195n, 253n, 260n, 268n, 269n, 279n, 350n, 356n, 563n
- Quarles, Donald A., 837n
- al-Quwatly, Shukri, 310n, 323n, 842
- Rabb, Maxwell M., 195
- Radford, Adm. Arthur W., 100, 557–558, 695
- Rafael, Gideon, 36, 98, 311, 338n,
433, 492n, 509, 598
- Ramsbotham, Peter E., 106
- Ramsden, C.O.I., 452
- Rayburn, Sam, 218, 221, 222, 224
- Raymond, John M., 514n, 529n, 539n, 546n, 553n, 562n, 765n
- Refugees in Palestine. See
Palestinian refugees.
- Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 511, 531–532, 537n
- Reston, James, 482, 761
- Riad, Gen. Mahmoud, 98
- Richards, James P., 15, 102, 116, 142n, 147, 310, 393, 499, 552, 565–566, 597–601, 603, 842
- Richards Mission,
338, 393, 499
- al-Rifai, Abdul Monem, 86, 87–88, 123, 198, 223n
- al-Rifai, Samir, 772n, 795n, 813, 857–858
- Roberts, Randolph, 402n
- Robinson, Jacob, 306
- Rockwell, Stuart W., 11n, 14n, 31n, 40n, 155n, 213–214, 587n,
597, 605, 706, 708, 722, 727, 738, 748, 762, 779, 785n, 788n, 794, 805n, 808n, 826n,
828, 831, 832, 844
- Rountree, William M., 10n, 11n, 27n, 41n, 58n, 80, 96n, 102, 116n, 142n, 155n, 158, 180, 189, 209n, 225n, 226, 230, 254, 270–271, 286, 289n,
291, 295, 300, 305, 311, 332, 340, 356n, 385n, 387n,
394n, 406, 421n, 422n, 428n,
433, 452, 492, 546n, 557, 562n, 575n, 583n, 610n, 642n, 645n, 701n, 737n, 739n, 745n, 759, 762n, 772n, 774, 775, 792n,
828n, 840, 841, 850
- Aswan Dam decision, 626n
- Boundaries issue, 854–856
- Egypt:
- Cotton sales to U.S., 451n
- Funds frozen in U.S., 230
- Positive neutrality policy, 777–778
- United States, relations with, 597, 755, 756–759, 785–788
- U.S. sanctions against, 608
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 355, 357, 375n, 401n, 402, 414n, 417,
418n, 445n
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 722
- Free navigation issue, 660,
681, 688, 691n
- ICJ jurisdiction, 507–508
- Israeli warships in, 605–608, 614–616, 625, 634n, 636–641, 643, 644, 648, 656–659
- Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, assessment
of, 489–492
- Israel:
- Economic situation, 649n
- Export-Import Bank loan, 845–846
- Housing projects, 852n
- Immigration to, 412–413
- U.N. sanctions against, 15,
81–82, 196, 232n, 294
- U.S. economic assistance, 505n, 652–653, 654n
- U.S. military assistance, 105–106, 712–713
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 79, 154, 309,
310, 320n, 347n
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute, 708,
710n
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 766, 767n, 768, 769n, 788–789
- Palestinian refugees, 706, 741n, 749n, 807n, 808n, 823, 824,
825, 837n
- Richards Mission, 552–553, 566, 603
- Suez Canal, 362, 381, 382, 531, 553n, 574,
616n
[Page 887]
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, 473n, 482, 496n, 509n, 512, 529n, 569n
- UNSC consideration of
Egyptian declaration, 515n, 525n, 527n, 539n, 546n, 564–565, 586n, 587
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 15, 81–82, 196, 232n, 294
- Rousan, Mahmoud A., 332
- Rowell, Edward J., 610n
- Russell, Richard B., 218, 224, 253, 592
- Sabry, Ali, 247–249
- al-Said, Nuri Pasha, 26, 774, 841–844, 847–850
- Salisbury, Lord, 381
- Saltonstall, Leverett, 69,
222, 224
- Sandys, Duncan, 63, 64
- Sapir, Pinhas, 91
- Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz, King, 322–323, 459n, 609, 842
- Arab Summit Conference, 310n
- Boundaries issue, 843n
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 434, 659, 660
- Eisenhower,
communications with, 659, 687–691, 722, 734–736
- Free navigation issue, 499,
659
- ICJ jurisdiction, 648
- Israeli warships in, 607, 636n, 648, 657, 682n
- Pilgrims’ passage issue, 116,
644, 684
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 142
- Nasser, assessment of,
827
- Syria, 734–735
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 142
- U.S. visit, 49, 77, 80, 95, 148, 177
- U.S.-Egyptian relations, 230, 389, 677–678, 827–828
- Saudi Arabia (see also
Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz; Saudi subheadings under other subjects), 48, 729, 733
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 102, 498–499, 606, 607n, 681–682, 686, 688,
691–693,
722
- U.S. military assistance, 635, 644, 735
- U.S.-Egyptian relations, consulted on, 805–806, 827–828
- Sebilleau, Pierre, 601
- Sedgwick, Charles, 286
- al-Shabandar, Moussa, 332
- Shafik, Doria, 176
- Sharm al-Sheikh. See
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits; Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza.
- Shaw, John F., 41n, 117n, 362n, 432n, 472n, 493n, 494n, 519n, 525n, 527n, 528n, 529n, 539n, 547n, 550n, 569n, 575n, 583n, 585, 586n, 595n, 616n, 627n, 697n, 745n, 838n
- Sherman, Meir, 649, 651, 654
- Sherwood, Robert K., 605
- Shiloah, Reuven, 134, 226–227, 270–271, 291, 299, 311, 377n, 394n, 396, 406, 433, 508, 509, 642, 793n
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 264, 271–272, 353–354, 402–403, 410
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 43, 145–146, 409, 439,
441
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 43, 62, 63, 115, 130,
182–183,
508, 645
- Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, assessment
of, 489–492
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 165, 187, 194,
308, 337, 345
- Suez Canal, 509
- UNGA debate on Israeli troop
withdrawals, 75–77
- Shoaib, Mohamed, 839
- Shukairy, Ahmad, 614n, 788
- Silver, Abba Hillel, 207
- Sisco, Joseph J., 362n, 444n, 519n, 527n, 29n, 553n, 569n, 583n, 620n, 21n, 641, 656n, 661n, 688
- Smith, H. Alexander, 121, 218, 220, 224
- Snyder, Howard, 178n
- Soviet Union:
- Arms shipments to Arab countries, 701–702, 729–730, 733
- Aswan Dam, 499, 627–628
- Egypt, relations with. See under
Egypt.
- Israel, relations with, 552, 747–748
- Israeli troop withdrawals, rumors about, 333, 346
- Middle East influence:
- Middle East policy, 603
- Suez Canal, use of, 100
- Syria, relations with, 728–729, 733,
734–735,
758, 777, 782
- Turkey, relations with, 732
- U.N. sanctions against Israel, 198,
208
- Spain, 580
- Sparkman, John, 30
- Spender, Sir Percy, 27n, 67, 97
- Stabler, Wells, 597, 608n, 626n, 627n, 645n, 95n, 697n, 752, 756n, 826n
- Stockpile Operation, 105–106
- Straits of Eilat, 6
- Straits of Tiran. See
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits.
- Sudan, 609, 630,
729
- Suez Canal (see also
Suez Canal Company; Suez Canal
Users Association; Suez crisis):
- Alternatives, need for, 602–603
- Arab Four-Power statement on, 310
- Arbitration committee, proposed, 23
- Bermuda Conference paper on, 464–465
- Board of Consultants, proposed, 501
- Clearance costs, repayment of:
- Clearing operations, 1–2, 3–4, 19, 48, 52, 99
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal (see also UNSC
consideration subheadings below):
- Consultations with user governments issue, 477–478
- Draft memoranda, 430–431, 432, 449–450, 469–472
- Egyptian clarifications, 473–474, 479, 498
- Egyptian decision to implement, 503–504
- Egyptian revised version, 532–535
- French position, 493, 538, 601–602
- Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations re (see also below), 477–481
- Hammarskjöld’s
assessment, 544n, 546n, 547–549, 554n
- Interim arrangement proposal, response to, 374, 389
- Israeli position, 491
- Media’s acquisition of, 482–483
- Multilateral negotiations re, proposed, 495, 503
- Publication of, 550–551
- SCUA response, 493, 494, 538, 575–582, 584n, 616n
- U.K. position, 483n, 492–493, 494–495, 550
- U.S. coordination of future courses of action, 510–512
- U.S.-Egyptian discussions re, 496–497, 500–504, 512–514, 518–519, 520–522, 527–530, 536–538, 540, 556, 559–561, 574
- U.S. initial response, 472n, 473–474, 481–482, 509–510, 512
- U.S. revision, 483–488, 493, 496–497, 502–504
- Eisenhower-Macmillan communications re, 574–575
- Four-Power (France, Norway, U.K., U.S.) agreement on, 154, 205–206
- Funds for Egypt to operate, 49
- Hammarskjöld-Nasser negotiations, 457
- ICJ jurisdiction, 697
- Improvement fund, 431, 449, 487,
501, 521n
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal, proposed:
- Egyptian counter-proposal. See
Egyptian declaration on operation of
Canal
above.
- Egyptian position, 251, 374, 389, 397, 427, 457
- Four-Power agreement on, 152–154, 205–206, 387, 389
- Inducements for Egypt to accept, 400, 403, 460–461, 465, 468–469
- SCUA and, 382, 392, 457–458, 460, 464
- U.K. publication of, 381–382
- U.N.-sponsored working paper, 106–108, 117–118
- U.S. position, 96–97, 99–100, 140, 421, 467–468
- U.S.-U.K. discussions re, 457–458, 460–461, 462
- U.S.-U.K. joint statement on, 464–465
- Israeli access issue, 2
- Egyptian position, 55, 121–122, 479–480, 502, 513
- ICJ jurisdiction, 480, 513, 514–515
- Israeli position, 146, 169, 372, 374, 395, 491, 506, 509
- JCS position, 100
- U.K. position, 468
- UNGA consideration of,
possible, 480
- U.S. position, 390, 468, 481, 491–492
- Israeli troop withdrawals, link to Canal settlement, 32–33, 48, 55, 93, 96
- Negotiations on reopening, proposed, 57, 124
- Egyptian position, 19, 92
- French position, 92–93
- U.S.-French consultations, 21–23
- U.S. position, 40, 52–53,
65–66
- U.S.-U.K. consultations, 42,
63–64
- Oil supplies for Europe and, 236–237, 242–243, 251
- Political settlement prior to reopening, proposed, 135
- Soviet use of, 100
- Sterling payments issue, 581, 582, 584,
585–586,
595n, 596n, 616n, 617
- U.K. resumption of use, 581, 616–617
- UNSC consideration of Egyptian
declaration (first round):
- Discussion of Canal issue, 573n
- Egyptian position, 542–543, 546, 564–565
- French position, 528n, 539
- Hare’s attitude
toward, 527, 542
- Israeli participation, 571
- U.K. position, 511–512, 528n, 539, 550–551, 561–562, 572
- U.S. course of action, 515–517, 570–572
- U.S. position, 525–526, 539–540, 543–547
- U.S. report to Security Council, 562–565, 568–569, 571, 573
- U.S.-U.K. discussions re, 570–571
- UNSC consideration of Egyptian
declaration (second round):
- Discussion of Canal issue, 624
- French position, 587, 602, 621–623
- U.K. position, 581–582, 585–586, 595n, 623
- U.S. position, 581n, 582–587, 595–596, 622, 623
- U.S. information activities re, 531–532
- U.S. working group for Canal issues, 362
- U.S. warships’ use of, 396
- Suez Canal Company, 184
- Suez Canal Users Association (SCUA), 22, 63–64, 382, 583
- Council meetings:
- Accounts of the meetings, 578–582, 584n, 616n
- Agenda items, 575–577
- French views, 580
- Proposal for, 575n
- U.K. views, 578, 584n
- U.S. views, 575–577, 579, 584n
- Egyptian declaration on operation of Canal, response to, 493, 494,
538, 575–582, 584n, 616n
- Interim arrangement on operation of Canal and, 382, 392,
457–458,
460, 464
- Suez crisis, 56–57
- Eisenhower’s views of, 805
- J.F. Dulles’ assessment of,
128–129
- U.S. intelligence re:
- Congressional review of, 590,
592, 619
- A.W. Dulles’ views,
590–595
- J.F. Dulles’ views,
619
- Murphy’s views,
604
- Surur, Shaikh Mohammad, 102
- Sweden, 579, 725
- Swihart, James W., 106
- Syria, 211, 665
- Egypt, relations with, 694, 740, 785–786, 801–802
- Eisenhower-Saud communications re, 734–735
- IPC pipeline, 25, 176–177
- Israel, possible conflict with, 620–621, 694–695, 702, 704,
730, 731–732, 733, 760
- Jordan, subsidy for, 48
- Nasser’s attitude toward,
720–721
- Refugee situation, 741–743, 812
- Richards Mission, 565, 566
- Soviet Union, relations with, 728–729, 733,
734–735,
758, 777, 782
- United States, relations with, 40n, 708
- Taber, John, 223
- Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 837–838
- Thimayya, Gen. K. S., 143, 150
- Time magazine, 589
- Timmons, Benson E.L., III, 458n
- Tiran Straits. See
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits.
- Tito, Marshal Josip Broz, 754
- Truman, Harry S., 136,
157, 843, 844
- Tunisia, 609, 729
- Turkey, 20, 580,
729, 781
- Egypt, relations with, 695–696
- Soviet Union, relations with, 732
- Tyler, William R., 21, 286, 418n, 601, 625
- Uganda, 630
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See
Soviet Union.
- United Kingdom (see also
Bermuda Conference; U.K. and
U.S.-U.K. subheadings under other subjects):
- Aswan Dam, 627, 628–629
- Egypt, financial relations with, 711,
763–764,
826–827
- Four-Power agreement on Suez Canal, 154, 205–206
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, multinational declaration on, 250, 257
- Israeli business’ withdrawal from, 702, 704
- Oil supplies for, 237
- Radio campaign against Egypt, 20, 177
- United States, relations with, 452–454
- United Nations. See:
- U.N. sanctions against under Israel
- United Nations Emergency Force
- United Nations General Assembly
- United Nations Relief and Works Agency
- United Nations Security Council
- United Nations Special Committee on Palestine.
- United Nations Charter, 185–186
- United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) (see also
Gaza, UNEF takeover of; UNEF
for
under
Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits):
- United Nations General Assembly (UNGA):
- Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza, debate on:
- Afro-Asian drait resolution, 39
- Canadian resolution, 56, 57, 241, 294
- Egyptian draft resolution, 37–38
- Hammarskjöld’s
report on troop withdrawals, 385–386
- Hammarskjöld’s
resolution recommendations, 57
- Initiative through UNEF advisory committee states,
proposed, 67
- Israeli declaration of withdrawal:
- Presentation of, 308,
311, 317, 319, 324–325, 327–329, 330–331, 338, 339
- U.S. statement on, 327–329, 330–331, 337, 339, 340–345, 349
- Israeli preparations for, 35–37
- Resolutions on withdrawal (1124 and
1125), 15
- Arab interpretation of, 84–89
- Development of, 58–61, 67–68, 70–73, 77
- Final texts of, 78–79
- Israeli position, 63,
75–77, 90–91
- Votes on, 78
- U.S.-Israeli communications re, 73–74
- U.S. possible courses of action, 179–180
- Palestine, comprehensive approach to, 81, 633–634, 642
- Refugee problem, consideration of, 81–82, 669
- Resolutions (see also under
Israeli withdrawal from Sinai and Gaza, debate
on
above; U.N. sanctions
against
under
Israel):
- 1089 (XI), Dec. 21, 1956 re UNEF,
34
- 1108 (XI), Feb. 28, 1957 re UNRWA, 613n
- 1151 (XII), Nov. 22, 1957 re UNEF,
820n
- 1191 (XII), Dec. 12, 1957 re UNRWA, 799–800
- 1212 (XII), Dec. 14, 1957 re Suez
Canal clearance costs, 766n
- Suez Canal clearance costs, 724–726, 765–766
- UNEF funding, 33–34, 770–771, 820–821
- UNEF takeover of Gaza, report on, 244–246, 264
- United Nations partition resolution of 1947–48,
842–844, 847–850
- United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA):
- Funding for, 610–613, 618, 664, 666,
675, 700–701, 745–747, 797–800, 816, 818,
835, 858–859, 862
- United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
(see also UNSC
consideration subheadings under
Suez Canal):
- Israeli-Syrian situation, consideration of, 620–621
- Jerusalem neutral zone dispute, 723
- Sanctions debate, possible forum for, 143–144
- United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP), 842
- United States Information Service (USIS),
531–532
- Universal Suez Canal Company. See
Suez Canal Company.
- Urrutia, Francisco, 832n, 857
- Vandenberg, Arthur S., 220
- Venezuela, 209
- Vigier, Henri, 6
- Villard, Henry S., 661n, 698–701, 706, 741–743, 745n, 749–751, 788n, 807–816, 823, 833, 860–863
- Villard Study (see also
Palestinian refugees), 661n, 698–701, 706–707, 741–743, 749–751, 807–819, 833–837, 859–860, 863n
- Vinson, Carl, 214
- Voice of Arabs, 20, 800
- Vorys, John M., 221, 223, 239
- Wadsworth, George, 77, 102, 610, 657n, 681n, 827–828, 843n
- Wadsworth, James J.
52, 56, 91–94, 156, 543–545, 546n, 565, 567–568
- Wahab, Ahmed Abdel, 470n
- Walmsley, Walter N., Jr., 96n, 452, 504, 539n, 20n, 621–623, 642n, 712n, 741n,
788n, 92n
- Walters, Vernon A., 289n, 296
- Wan Waithayakon, Prince, 233–234
- Waring, Robert O., 117n, 765n, 770n
- Warren, Fletcher, 696n
- Waugh, Samuel C., 845n, 846
- Weinberg, Sidney, 195
- Wheeler, Lt. Gen. Raymond A., 512, 541
- Wheeler, Gen., 694, 840
- White, Paul Lincoln, 483, 546n, 617
- Whitman, Ann, 157, 574n
- Whitney, John Hay, 229, 381, 452, 578–582, 584n, 766, 774
- Wilcox, Francis O., 21, 27n, 31n, 44n, 52n, 8n, 73n, 116n, 117n, 122, 142n, 158, 189, 209n, 254, 291, 301, 305, 306, 318, 394n, 98n, 421n, 422n, 433, 473n, 509n, 510, 529n, 553n, 562n,
586n, 620n, 706, 765n, 770n
- Gaza, Egyptian re-establishment in, 363, 401n
- Gaza, UNEF takeover of, 361–362
- Gulf of Aqaba/Tiran Straits, 25
- Israel, U.N. sanctions against, 53,
101, 181, 192, 196, 198, 232n, 304
- Israeli troop withdrawals, 312, 331, 338
- Palestinian refugees, 661–676, 749n, 807n, 816–819, 824, 825,
837n
- Suez Canal, 381, 571, 572, 694
- U.N. sanctions against Israel (see
Israel, U.N. sanctions against
above)
- UNEF funding, 820–821
- UNGA debate on Israeli troop
withdrawals, 75–77, 81–82
- UNRWA funding, 610–613, 618, 797n, 816,
818
- Wiley, Alexander, 69, 217, 221
- Wilkins, Fraser, 21, 40n, 41n, 52n, 73n, 102, 125, 130, 155n,
158, 225n, 230, 286, 306, 311, 332, 452, 460n, 483n, 489, 492n, 566,
603, 608–610, 637n, 655, 696n
- Wilkinson, J. Burke, 286
- Wilson, Charles E., 48, 557, 558, 837
- Wood, George, 839
- Yassin, Shaikh Yusuf, 77, 101–105, 230, 322
- Yemen, 20, 412,
610, 729
- Yost, Charles W., 414n, 601
- Yugoslavia, 754, 776–777
- Zabarah, Assayed Ahmad Ali, 332
- Zeineddine, Farid, 86, 88, 332, 333–334, 335, 336, 625