Office of the Historian

Index

  • Aerial bombardment. See Undeclared war: Burma Road: Japanese bombing; also Undeclared war: Military operations.
  • Agreements. See Treaties, conventions, etc.
  • American President Lines, use of liners in connection with needs of U.S. armed services, repatriation of citizens, etc., 412, 419–421, 428, 429, 430–431, 582, 586, 587, 589, 763, 783
  • American Red Cross, 602, 791, 800
  • American treaty rights and equality of commercial opportunity in China, Japanese interference with, 777–806
  • Anglo-Russian pact, July 12, cited, 700
  • Anglo-Thai nonaggression pact, cited, 234
  • Antimony, 49, 593, 727
  • Arms and munitions. See under Thailand and Undeclared war: China.
  • Atlantic Charter, 539, 553, 708
  • Australia: Alarm at possibility of Japanese thrust southward in February, 104; appreciation of U.S. entry into war and of past efforts to maintain peace in the Pacific, 382; declaration by United States upholding status quo in Far East urged as deterrent to Japanese aggression, 105, 134; forces in Burma reported ready to undertake protective intervention in Thailand, 747; position at outbreak of war with Japan, 390–391; possibility of training aircraft for Thailand, 326; technical personnel sent to Netherlands East Indies, 350; Thailand–French Indo-china border dispute, attitude toward, 72–73; troops in Malaya, 140, 390; troops to defend Timor under agreement with Portugal, 386, 388; U.S. naval vessels’ visit, 140
  • Aviation. See Indochina: Airplanes; Thailand: Arms and munitions: Airplanes; Undeclared war: China: Chinese Air Force.
  • Axis powers (see also under Japan): Chinese declaration of war on, 551; recognition of Wang Ching-wei regime, 234, 516; severance of diplomatic relations with China, 520–521, 522
  • Baker, John E., 602, 609, 653–654, 660, 703–704
  • Belligerent rights, 161, 615–616, 885
  • Boundary disputes. See Thailand–French Indochina border dispute: Boxer Protocol (1901), cited, 582, 589, 881, 882, 885
  • British-American Tobacco Co., 788
  • British Malaya (see also Burma):
    • British plans for defense, 360, 486
    • Code privileges, French Consul at Singapore deprived of, 41
    • Emergency declared, 364–365
    • Evacuation problems, 418, 451–452
    • Japanese southward advance:
      • Attack expected to coincide with German invasion of Britain, 13–14; sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse, 381
      • Offensive against Kota Bharu, Dec. 7, 374; Singapore, Dec. 8, 375
      • Singapore threatened by unopposed Japanese expansion, 9, 132, 393–394, 418; Japanese freight shipments cancelled by Japan, 45
      • War parties off Cambodia Point, reported sighted, Dec. 6, 372
    • U. S. aid in reconstruction promised, 384–385
  • Buck, J. Lossing, 505–506, 664–665
  • Burma (see also Undeclared war: Burma Road): British air force, 747; British plans for defense, 486, 531; evacuation instructions, 449–450; question of attitude toward withdrawal of U. S. nationals, 406–407, 447–448
  • Burma Road. See under Undeclared war.
  • Byram, Dr. and Mrs. Roy M., American missionaries detained in Manchuria, 898–899, 900–901, 902, 903–904
  • Canada, interest in Pribilof Island fur seals, 704, 911, 917, 918, 919, 920
  • Central Bank of China, 596, 612, 630, 631, 640, 685, 744, 745, 746
  • Chase National Bank, 793
  • Chennault, Claire L., 683, 737, 757, 761, 763
  • Chi Tung Tobacco Co., 893–894
  • Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo:
    • Addresses cited: Anniversary of “National Spiritual Mobilization,” 493; tenth anniversary of Mukden Incident, 538–539
    • Communications with President Roosevelt:
      • Arrangements regarding channels and codes, 677, 678, 687, 689
      • Invitation to Harry Hopkins to visit Chungking, 699–700
      • Messages to Roosevelt: Acknowledgment of Roosevelt’s lend-lease address, 613; approval of “freezing” funds of Japan, 690; emphasis on importance of Burma Road to China, 683, 688; request for aid to air force, 740–741; request for announcement of actual lend-lease allocations, 635
    • Text of message to Roosevelt and to Winston Churchill regarding air support against anticipated Japanese attack on Yunnan, 748–750; replies, 758–760, 761
    • Views on Owen Lattimore, 683, 688, 716n
  • Chiang Kai-shek, Madame: Acknowledgment of military mission, 741; request that shipment of bombers be expedited, 683; request for shipment of machine guns, 733; speech broadcast in United States, Oct. 10, brief summary of, 539–540
  • China (see also Indochina, Japan, and Undeclared war):
    • American citizens holding positions with National Government: Baker, John E., 602, 609, 653–654, 660, 703–704; Lattimore, Owen, 644, 648, 651, 657, 668, 683, 687, 688, 716n , 747; Young, Arthur N., 647–648
    • American writers, influence on American view of Chinese internal situation, 469, 470, 477–479
    • Atlantic Charter, endorsement of, 539, 553, 708
    • Cabinet changes suggesting tendency toward conservatism, 553–554
    • Communication with United States, need for regular official channels, 677, 678, 684, 687, 689, 752–754
    • Communists, Chinese:
      • Agreement with Japanese, rumored, 61, 502
      • Chou En-lai, liaison agent in Chungking, 468, 472, 474, 477, 492, 496, 507, 513, 607; conversation with U. S. Embassy, report of, 517–520
      • Food shortage, factor in growth of, 469, 691
      • Hsin Hua Jih Pao, editorial policy, 513–516
      • Opposition to Chinese National Government:
        • Action against Nationalist troops, 488, 530, 543
        • Arms, finances, and medical help withheld from Communist forces, 517, 536, 543, 546
        • Attack by New Fourth Army on Government units in south Anhwei: Communist version, 462; description of action, 462, 463, 464; disciplinary action resulting from, 465–466, 475–476; refusal by National Government of Communist demands, 488–489, 492; Soviet complaints, 65
        • Central command orders, violation by Communists in central China, 517
        • Chinese unity and continued resistance to Japan, effect on, 477–479, 491–492, 493, 501, 535, 537, 611
        • “Fifth columnists” of Comintern, assertions by Chiang Kai-shek, 502
        • Press relations policies of Communists and Nationalists, 469–473, 479–480
      • Party policy: Document on expansion, purporting to contain statement by Mao Tse-tung, summary of, 505–506; instructions from Third International, 480–481; manifesto on party line, 536; united front, recovery of, instructions by Mao Tse-tung, 526
      • People’s Political Council, Communists’ participation in, 496, 545
      • Provision for voting in Communist-held area, 533
      • Punitive measures against, National Government’s non-intention to use, 530
      • Russo-Japanese pact, attitude toward, 497
    • Courts. See under Undeclared war: International Settlement at Shanghai.
    • Cultural relations program for China: Necessity upheld by U.S. Secretary of State, 765; plans for improvement, 649–650
    • Currency inflation (see also Financial aid: Stabilization agreement and Stabilization Board, infra): Acceleration of, 548, 647, 691, 702, 766; British recommendation, 549
    • Currie mission from United States: Departure of, 602–603; description of visit and persons interviewed, 605–608
    • Customs problems: Chinese Maritime Customs, withholding of funds by Japanese to force appointment of a Japanese as commissioner, 806–807, 812, 813, 820, 871; British view, 807–808, 809, 810, 812, 813–814, 817, 818–819; neutral commissioner unacceptable to Japanese, 816; U. S. attitude, 807–808, 809, 811, 812, 814–815, 817, 818, 820
    • Declarations of war, texts: On Germany and Italy, 551; on Japan, 550–551
    • Economic missions from United Kingdom and United States: British proposal, 671, 690; Chinese request, 627; relation to Stabilization Board, 675; U. S. discussions with British concerning scope and functions, 671, 692, 694, 718, 729, 732, 771
    • Extraterritorial rights, question of abolition: British position, 529; U. S. policy, 773–777
    • Financial aid:
      • Chinese funds in United States subjected to “freeze” control, July 26, with general licenses provided for use, 681, 685–686, 687, 689
      • New loans from United Kingdom and United States requested, 766, 768–769; favorable consideration in United States, 769, 770, 771–772
      • Stabilization agreement (U. S.-Chinese) dated Apr. 1: Authorization of Chinese bank officials to negotiate for China, 630–631, 632–633; loans authorized by China to stabilize currency, 593; objection of Chiang Kai-shek to certain terms, 637; press release issued by U. S. Treasury Department, Apr. 25, 633–634; supplemental agreement, dated June 30, 744
      • Stabilization Board of China: Appointments and organization, 634, 640, 641, 665, 666, 692, 701, 732, 736; Chinese objection to British appointee, 664, 667; cooperation requested from Shanghai banks, 722–723; decree establishing, Aug. 12, 744–746; diplomatic channels, use of, 684; fapi, foreign exchange value of, 698–699; relation to British economic mission questioned by British, 718
      • Stabilization Fund. See Stabilization agreement, supra.
    • International Settlement at Shanghai. See under Undeclared war.
    • Kuomintang:
      • Desire to stop growth of radicalism, 469
      • Political relations with Communists, analysis by Secretary General, People’s Political Council, 543–544; by U. S. observers, 533–536, 546–547, 625–626, 703
      • Wartime policies, statement of, 553
    • Loans. See Financial aid, supra.
    • Missions from United States. See Currie mission, supra; and Undeclared war: China: Lend-lease program: Military mission.
    • Revenue (see also Customs problems, supra): Collections estimated at 10 percent of annual expenditures, 766; land tax, 623; salt administration, 624, 691, 727–728
    • Shanghai foreign exchange market: Importance to China, 594–595, 602, 612, 681, 693, 702, 722–723; indirect support of Japanese fiat currency, 693; problem of supporting fapi, 602, 665, 701, 703; terrorism toward bank personnel by Chungking agents and Nanking (Wang) regime, 614–615
    • Soong, T. V. See Soong, T. V.
    • Soviet Union (see also Undeclared war: China: Soviet aid): Intervention in Nationalist-Communist dissension held unlikely, 464, 465, 479, 483; relations with, after Russo-Japanese pact, 629, 774; trade with, 498, 506, 538, 541
    • Stabilization agreement. See under Financial aid, supra.
    • Strategic materials: Tin and tungsten purchases by United States, 593, 655, 726; trade agreement with United States, proposed, 637–639; tung oil released from military restrictions, 781
    • Wang Ching-wei. See Wang Ching-wei regime.
  • China Defense Supplies, Inc., 648, 649, 679, 717
  • China National Aviation Corp., 659, 663, 682
  • Chinese Industrial Cooperatives, 626n
  • Chou En-lai, 468, 472, 474, 477, 492, 496, 507, 513, 517–520, 607
  • Churchill, Winston:
    • Announcement of loss of Prince of Wales and Repulse, 381
    • Conversations with Japanese on dangerous situation in the Pacific, 96–99
    • Letter to Chiang Kai-shek regarding defense of Yunnan, 761
    • Messages to President Roosevelt:
    • Danger of war with Japan, 79–80; hope for passage of Lend-Lease bill, 83
    • Pledge to support United States in event of war with Japan, 760
  • College of Chinese Studies, removal from Peiping to Berkeley, Calif., 762–763, 764
  • Conventions. See Treaties, conventions, etc.
  • Currie, Lauchlin, 479, 602–603, 605–608, 612, 627, 641, 644, 645–646, 657, 679–681, 683, 685, 689, 716n , 722, 724n , 725, 736, 741, 757, 761
  • East Asiatic Co., 272, 304, 311–312, 318, 323–324, 334–335
  • Eurasia Aviation Corp., 657–658, 659
  • Export-Import Bank, 324, 683–684
  • France. See Indochina and Thailand–French Indochina border dispute.
  • France, Vichy, declaration of neutrality, after Dec. 7, 381
  • Franco-Japanese agreements: Accord of Aug. 30, 1940, 35, 173, 221; military accord, Sept. 22, 1940, 222, 319, 331; mutual defense agreement, July 29, 260
  • Franco-Thai convention, May 9, 3, 147, 183
  • French National Committee (Free France), 259; declaration of war between French territories, French naval and land forces, and Japan, 380
  • German Armistice Commission, at Wiesbaden, 24, 289
  • Germany (see also Axis powers): Chinese declaration of war against, 551; Russo-Japanese pact, displeasure at, 646; treaty with occupied Netherlands regarding concessions in Netherlands East Indies, 510
  • Great Britain. See United Kingdom.
  • ‘Greater East Asia co-prosperity sphere,” 36, 37, 47, 54, 56, 90, 118, 183–184, 249, 336, 487
  • Guam, Japanese planes in unauthorized flight over, U. S. protests, 182–183, 201, 270–271, 293, 298
  • Hopkins, Harry, 632, 670, 699–700, 710, 714, 719, 721
  • Hunt, Rev. Bruce F., 898–899, 900–901, 902, 903–904.
  • Indochina, French (see also Thailand–French Indochina border dispute): Airplanes immobilized at Martinique, 12, 18, 21, 34, 38, 56
    • American oil company properties, U. S. protests against possible requisitioning of, 310, 312, 315–316, 317, 318–319
    • Arrests of Indochinese and Chinese nationals by Japanese, 296, 298, 299, 354
    • British views on situation in, 2–5
    • Burma Road, reported objective of Japanese military forces, 242, 276, 313, 316, 371–372, 700
    • China border incidents, 17, 527
    • Customs agreement with Japan. See Trade agreement, infra.
    • Economic penetration by Japanese (see also Rubber and Trade agreement, infra), 50, 202, 294–296, 297, 323, 325; public reaction to export controls, 276
    • Embassy rank for Japanese mission, 297
    • Funds of Indochina in United States blocked, 264n
    • Goods in transit, Japanese interference with:
    • Japanese southward advance:
    • Japanese suspicions of British intrigue, 23, 35, 73, 89, 237–238
    • Recognition by Thailand as part of “safety area of co-prosperity sphere”, demand by Japan for, 249
    • Rubber (see also Trade agreement, infra): Agreement between Indochina and Netherlands East Indies and Malaya, 108; French position on sale to Japan and United States, 67–68, 245–246, 294–296, 311; importance in stabilization of Far Eastern situation, 172; negotiations between France and United States for purchase by United States, 263–264; primary interest of Yoshi-zawa mission, 306, 323; quotas for France, Germany, Japan, and United States, 141; supplies for Germany included in exports to Japan, 49, 67, 68; U. S. offers to purchase, 49, 52–53, 68
    • Trade agreement between France and Japan, applicable to Indochina, May 6: French and German attitudes, 291–292; negotiations, 5–6, 15, 19, 23, 49; payment by Japan for rubber to be in dollars, 143; provisions, 144–146; rubber quotas, 141; tariff treatment of Japanese goods, non-applicability to imports from other countries, 325; U. S. protest (based on U. S.-French agreement of 1936) regarding preferential treatment for Japan, and French reply, 341, 351–353
    • U. S. trade with Indochina:
      • Negotiations for a general trade agreement between United States and Indochina: French proposal and U. S. attitude, 48–49, 58–59, 66–68, 71–72, 78–79; U. S. desire to purchase rubber, tin, and other materials from Indochina, 49, 58, 67, 78–79
      • U. S. continuance of trade despite Japanese occupation of Indochina, French position in favor of, 291–292
      • War declaration by French National Committee between French territories, French naval and land forces, and Japan, after Dec. 7, 380
  • International Tin Committee, 211, 212
  • Italy (see also Axis powers), Chinese declaration of war on, 551
  • Japan (see also American treaty rights, etc.; China; Indochina; Netherlands East Indies; Thailand; Thailand–French Indochina border dispute; Undeclared war):
    • American official mail, U. S. representations to Japan over tampering with, 922
    • Axis powers: Relations with, 13–14, 61, 131, 230; sale of strategic materials, 49, 67, 122, 165, 170–171
    • Communism, Japanese attitude, 484, 511, 512
    • Estelle L., American vessel, Japanese contention regarding seizure, 781
    • European war: Effect on Japanese expansionist movement, 13–14, 40–41, 63, 65, 69, 131, 144, 152, 183, 209–210, 232, 303, 320, 525, 670; offer to act as mediator, 85, 96; policy of non-involvement, 84; reply by Churchill to Japanese offer of mediation, 98; Suez Canal, blocking of, relation to Japanese plans for southward advance, 127, 152
    • Funds in United States frozen, July 26, 267, 273, 685; licenses for use requiring special application, 687
    • Fur seals convention of 1911, termination by Japan, and proposals for new agreement, 907–921
      • Canadian interests, 911, 917, 918, 919, 920
      • Soviet interests and attitude, 911, 915, 917, 918, 919
      • Termination of convention, Oct. 22, Japanese statement, 921
      • U. S. views and suggestions regarding Japanese proposals to conclude a new agreement, 907–911, 915–920; Japanese position, 911–915, 920, 921
    • Germany (see also Axis powers, supra), relations with, 141, 216, 503
    • Imperial Command, doctrine of, U.S. attention called to, 894
    • Internal politics:
  • Japanese-Portuguese agreement, Oct. 3, 1940, 36n
  • Konoye, Prince Fumimaro, 80n , 221, 511–512
  • Kuomintang. See under China.
  • Kurusu, Saburo, 342, 357, 539
  • Lattimore, Owen, 644, 648, 651, 657, 668, 683, 687, 688, 716n , 747
  • Lend-Lease (see also Undeclared war: China: Lend-Lease program), memorandum of Department of State describing policy and problems in relation to supplies for China, 651–656
  • Loiwing aircraft manufacturing plants, 597–598, 598–599, 730
  • Magruder, Brig. Gen. John A., 680–681, 696–698, 709, 742–744
  • Malaya. See British Malaya.
  • “Manchoukuo,” 250, 260, 267, 898–904
  • Mao Tse-tung, 474, 505–506, 526
  • Matsuoka, Yosuke, 35, 40, 51, 54, 73, 80, 83, 88, 91, 94, 97, 105, 116, 126, 152, 157n , 183, 184, 504, 528, 646
  • Mediation. See Thailand–French Indochina border dispute: Japanese mediation.
  • Metals Reserve Co., 211
  • Missionaries. See under Repatriation of American citizens and Undeclared war.
  • Morgenthau, Henry, joint statement with T. V. Soong, Apr. 25, on conclusion of Stabilization Agreement between China and United States, 633–634
  • National City Bank of New York, 783–784
  • Netherlands East Indies (see also Indochina: Rubber):
    • Concessions to Germany, 510, 526
    • Economic negotiations with Japan:
      • British intercession with Netherlands, Japanese request for, 157n , 175; British attitude, 161, 168
      • Japanese proposals and their un-acceptability to Netherlands East Indies, 25–27, 27–28, 37, 46–47; later proposals and counterproposals, 141–142, 156, 157, 174–175
      • Rubber and tin, refusal of Netherlands East Indies to make commitment regarding, 142, 168; Japanese threats, 157, 161
      • Termination of discussions, and Japanese recall of special envoy, 179–180
    • Evacuation of Japanese nationals, 126, 347, 365
    • Japanese refusal to issue public declaration of peaceful intentions, 282
    • Japanese southward advance: Davao–Waigeo–Equator line, Governor General’s stipulation concerning, 344; development of “Far Eastern plan” as a deterrent, 260–262, 266; evidences of Japanese intentions, 126–127; information on, 36, 54, 56, 101, 110, 170, 177, 218, 255, 344–345, 347, 349, 350; occupation of Indochina considered direct threat to Netherlands East Indies, 271; Palau–Timor extension of Japan Airways line directly over Dutch East Indies territory, 32, 36
    • Petroleum products:
      • Borneo oilfields, demolition of, and promise of U.S. aid in reconstruction, 383–384, 384–385
      • Standard-Vacuum and Royal Dutch Shell Oil companies, negotiations for export to Japan: Contract between Standard-Vacuum and Japanese company, Nov. 1940, 252, 274; export applications, to be decided by Netherlands Government, 252–254; Japanese use of exports to Netherlands East Indies as payment for petroleum products, 273–274; pressure for export, after German occupation of the Netherlands, 232–233, 654
      • Thai needs, arrangements in connection with, 151, 152–154, 163
    • Status quo: Statements by U.S., British, and Netherlands Governments relative to, proposals and discussions, 105, 134, 140, 170; withdrawal of American citizens, question of, 407–408, 450–451
    • Trade with Japan (see also Economic negotiations and Petroleum products, supra): Basis for continuing, suggestion by United States, 252–254; curtailment of, based on possible use of products by Axis powers, 271, 281–282, 285
  • Netherlands Government in exile (see also Netherlands East Indies): Objections to U.S. “freeze” on shipments to Japan, 232–233; position regarding a proposed declaration by U.S., British, and Netherlands Governments concerning further Japanese southward advance, 140; statement to Japan of non-acceptance of “new order,” 51, 54, 56; war with Germany, continuance of, 174, 176
  • Neutrality pact between Soviet Union and Japan, Apr. 13, 131, 238, 497, 499, 515, 517, 528, 774
  • “New Kuomintang.” See Wang Ching-wei regime.
  • “New Order.” See “Greater East Asia co-prosperity sphere.”
  • Niemeyer, Sir Otto, 671, 690, 692, 701, 702, 703, 718, 729, 732, 771
  • Nippo-European Co., 49, 67
  • Nomura, Kichisaburo, 76, 104, 223, 248, 459, 467, 778
  • North American Syndicate, 157, 162, 189, 203
  • Oil. See Petroleum products.
  • Pan American Airways, 659, 663, 682
  • Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Japanese attack on, 379n
  • Petroleum products. See under Netherlands East Indies; Thailand: Strategic materials; and Undeclared war: China.
  • Philippine Islands:
    • Air shuttle, Manila-Hong Kong, 662, 682; reciprocal landing privileges for, 663
    • Business as usual for Chinese and Japanese, 687
    • Japanese exposition, participation in discouraged, 177, 200
    • Manila, open city, bombing by Japanese, Dec. 28, 95
    • Revocation by United States of all licenses for export to Japanese nationals or territories, 374
  • Portugal. See Timor.
  • Pribilof Islands, protection of fur seals, 909, 910, 913, 916, 918, 919, 920
  • Recognition. See Wang Ching-wei regime.
  • Repatriation of American citizens from the Far East, 397–453
  • Repatriation of Japanese nationals. See under Japan.
  • Roosevelt, Franklin D.:
    • Letter to T. V. Soong concerning appointment of military mission to China, 709
    • Messages and letters to Chiang Kai-shek: Channels for personal messages, 677; impounding of lend-lease material by United Kingdom, 772–773; Kunming, relative importance of, 758–760; spirit of Chinese people, 619
    • Messages to U. S. Congress: Inaugural address, cited, 41; war message, Dec. 8, broadcast in United Kingdom, 381–382
  • Royal Dutch Shell Oil Co., 152–155, 163, 274, 275, 278–279, 310, 312
  • Rubber. See Thailand: Strategic materials; and under Indochina and Japan.
  • Rubber Reserve Co., 52n , 67, 205, 211, 293, 302, 304, 323, 334, 335
  • Russo-Japanese neutrality pact, Apr. 13, 131, 137, 238, 497, 499, 515, 517, 528, 642, 774
  • Sian agreement, Dec. 1986, between Kuomintang and Chinese Communists, 468
  • Soong, T. V.: Activity as purchasing agent in United States for Chinese Government, 617–619, 640; China Defense Supplies, Inc., organization by, 648–649, 679; delivery of Chiang Kai-shek’s request for help, 750; plea for righting aircraft, 705–708; rivalry with H. H. Kung clique, 628–629
  • Southward advance of Japan. See Japan: Southward advance, and Japanese southward advance under British Malaya, Indochina, Netherlands East Indies, and Thailand.
  • Soviet Union (see also under China and Japan), 65, 497, 517, 518, 538, 539, 687, 705, 706, 711, 911, 915, 917, 918, 920
  • S. S. President Coolidge, 412, 419–421, 430–431
  • S. S. President Harrison, 586, 587, 589, 763
  • S. S. President Madison, 586, 587, 589, 763
  • S. S. President Taylor, 428, 429
  • S. S. Sikiang affair, cited, 202
  • Standard Oil Co., 312, 366
  • Standard-Vacuum Oil Co., 50, 59, 152–155, 163, 171, 252–254, 273, 274, 275, 278, 300–301, 327, 366
  • Strong, Anna Louise, 470, 477–479
  • Stuart, Dr. J. Leighton, 459, 466, 484, 512, 526, 530, 773–774, 779
  • Suez Canal, 127, 152
  • Texas Co. of China, Ltd., 805–806, 894
  • Texas Oil Co., 50, 171, 312, 318
  • Thailand (see also Thailand–French Indochina border dispute):
    • Alliance with Japan: Announcement of, 382–383; British position, 392–393; repudiation by Thai Minister to United States, 382–383, 387, 388, 389–390; treaty of economic and political collaboration, 390; U. S. position, 387–388
    • Allowance of new U. S. export licenses for Thailand after Dec. 9, 374
    • Anglo-Thai non-aggression pact (1940), 234
    • Appeal of Prime Minister by radio to Chiang Kai-shek for Asiatic solidarity against westerners, 768
    • Arms and munitions (see also Strategic materials, infra):
      • Airplanes:
        • Competition from different theaters of war for, 337–338, 346
        • Payment in rice, rubber, and tin for Japanese planes, 1, 207, 224
        • Purchases from United States, non-delivery of, 215; U. S. settlement of claim in connection with, 280n
        • Supplying of Thai needs from Singapore, question of, 330, 331, 334, 348–349, 751
      • British aid, 325–326, 330, 334, 346, 348
      • U. S. aid: Discussions, 268–270, 271–272, 277, 284; recommendations regarding U. S. policy for aid, 306–307, 327–329, 342–343
    • Aviators, trained by Japanese officers for operation of Japanese airplanes, 1, 13
    • Cambodia, Laos, and other provinces, Thai territorial aspirations toward, 217, 219, 231, 237; transfer from Indochina, 236–237
    • Capitulation to Japan: Information concerning capitulation and terms of agreement with Japan, 376, 378–380; offer by Thai Minister to support United States in spite of, 377–378
    • Financial arrangements:
      • Credit agreement between Japan and Thailand, 265
      • Dollar exchange allotted to Bangkok, 364
      • Gold holdings increased through transactions with Japan, 251, 283, 360–361, 363–364; efforts to deposit assets outside of Thailand, 361–362
      • U. S. Ambassador’s opinion concerning extension of a loan to Thailand, 219–220
      • U. S. credit for current needs, 372–373
    • Internal political conditions: Anti-Axis strength as reflected in Cabinet change, 284; British diplomatic influence, 148–149, 195; pro-Axis party, 6, 149–150; propaganda by Japan, intensification of, and evidence of fifth column being organized, 1
    • Invasion by Japan, Dec. 8:
      • Action against Thailand by Japan expected early in 1942, 340
      • British plan, with permission, to move into Kra Isthmus, to forestall Japanese, 360
      • Japanese plans to attack Kra Isthmus, reports concerning, 350–351, 359, 372
      • Thai preparations to resist, 267, 357–359; attacks by Japan on land and sea, 375, 379
    • Japanese southward advance:
    • Luang Pibul (Prime Minister): Appeal for Asiatic solidarity against westerners, 768; personal negotiations with Japan suspected by U. S. Ambassador, 219, 269–270
    • “Manchoukuo,” recognition of, 250, 260, 267
    • Martial law proclaimed in portion of country, 13
    • Petroleum products. See under Strategic materials, infra.
    • Repatriation of American citizens, 399–400, 401, 404–405, 415–416, 443, 445; reluctance of missionaries to leave, 408–409, 416–417
    • Rubber. See under Strategic materials, infra.
    • Strategic materials:
      • British desire to purchase tin and rubber, 32; proposal of East Asiatic Co. relative to purchase of tin and wolfram ore, 311–312, 318
      • Japan: Counter-proposal of oil and arms for additional rubber, 235–236; objections to United Kingdom-Thailand negotiations for oil, rubber, and tin, 233–234
      • Joint Anglo-American purchases, 185–186, 269, 285–286, 287, 292–293, 302, 304, 316; plan for East Asiatic Co. to buy rubber for both countries, 323–324, 334–335
      • Petroleum products: British views, and consultation with United States, 82, 123–124, 153–155; negotiations between Standard-Vacuum and Dutch Shell Oil to supply Thai needs, 151, 152–154, 163, 275, 278–279, 300–301; Thai Air Force, question of supplying, 326–327, 334, 339–340, 341, 346, 366
      • Rubber, open market in, 204–205, 211–212, 241–242, 269
      • Tin, situation regarding, 189
      • U. S. negotiations for purchase, 52, 186–188, 205–206, 224–226, 235–236, 269, 280
    • Territorial claims, U.S. and British positions, 148–149
    • Tin, situation regarding, 189
  • Thailand–French Indochina border dispute:
    • Armistice, Jan. 28–Feb. 25, 46, 88; extended at Japanese insistence to Mar. 7, 91
    • Direct settlement efforts:
      • Anglo-American consultation in connection with, 2–5, 9–11, 28–32
      • France: Insistence on territorial status quo, 7–8, 17–19, 21, 22; negotiations authorized by Vichy government, 4; reaction to U.S. warning, 24–25; request for U.S. intercession with Thailand, and U.S. reply, 12, 87, 92; willingness to cede two small areas near Mekong River, 3, 4, 42
      • Japanese suspicion of British interference, 23, 35, 73, 89, 237–238
      • U.S. reluctance to request territorial cession on part of France, 14–15; warnings to France and Thailand on danger of Japanese exploiting border dispute to achieve further domination, 16–17, 20, 28
    • Frontier hostilities, 3, 12, 13, 17, 25, 84, 87, 89, 196, 288; penetration of Cambodia by Thai forces, 19, 21
    • Japanese mediation:
      • Acceptance by—
      • British opposition to economic and military concessions to Japan by Thailand, 57, 70–71
      • Japanese proposals for settlement (see also Settlement, infra):
        • British attitude, 93
        • French rejection and final acquiescence, 86, 89, 91, 99–101
        • Naval patrol of Thai and Indo-chinese waters by Japan coincident with, 71, 106n ; shipment of arms to Thailand by Japan, 73–74, 92
        • Terms and summary of background negotiations, 86, 87–88, 91–92, 93, 94–95, 97–98, 109
        • Thai acceptance, 101–103
      • Mediation conference at Tokyo. See Japanese proposals, supra, and Settlement, infra.
      • Settlement of dispute: Convention and protocols signed at Tokyo May 9, 147–148, 368; summaries and comments on results of mediation conference, 112, 113–114, 116–118, 120–122, 183–184
      • U.S. views, 48, 50, 54–55
    • Japanese southward advance, relation to, 42, 53, 72–73, 118, 149–150
    • Mediation conference at Tokyo, Feb. 7–Mar. 11. See Japanese mediation: Japanese proposals and Settlement, supra.
  • Timor (Portuguese):
    • Air service, Palau–Timor, established by agreement between Japan and Portugal, Oct. 13, 32, 36–37; supplemental technical agreement, information concerning, 383
    • Joint action to defend, by Australia, United Kingdom, Netherlands East Indies, and Portugal, 385–386
    • Occupation of, 383, 386, 388
  • Tin, 1, 78, 121, 142, 150, 166, 189, 301, 593, 655, 726
  • Trade agreements between France and—
  • Treaties, conventions, etc.:
    • Anglo-Russian pact, July 12, cited, 700
    • Anglo-Thai non-aggression pact, June 12, 1940, 234
    • Boxer Protocol of 1901, 582, 589, 881, 882, 885
    • Franco-Japanese agreements: Accord of Aug. 30, 1940, 35, 173, 221; military accord, Sept. 22, 1940, 222, 319, 331; mutual defense agreement, July 29, 260
    • Franco-Thai convention, May 9,3, 183
    • Fur seals, convention for preservation and protection (1911), between United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, Japanese termination of, 907–921
    • Japanese-Portuguese agreement, Oct. 13, 32, 36–37
    • Russo-Japanese neutrality pact, Apr. 13, 131, 137, 238, 497, 499, 515, 517, 528, 642, 774
    • Sian agreement, Dec. 1936, 468
    • Tripartite pact (Germany, Italy, and Japan), Sept. 27, 1940, 81, 84, 91n , 97, 230, 518, 528, 546, 551, 767, 769, 772–773
    • U.S.-Chinese stabilization agreement. See China: Financial aid: Stabilization agreement.
  • Tripartite pact (1940), 81, 84, 91n , 97, 230, 518, 528, 546, 551, 767, 769, 772–773
  • Tulsa incident, 767–768, 769–770, 772–773
  • Tungsten, 49, 78, 311–312, 318, 593, 727
  • Undeclared war between Japan and China (see also American treaty rights, China, and Japan), 454–905
    • Belligerent rights, question of, 161, 615–616, 885
    • Bombing. See under Military operations, infra.
    • Burma railroad, Lashio to Kunming:
      • Construction arrangements for Burmese and Chinese sections, including shipment of rails from United States, and Chinese credits, 603–605, 616, 617, 634, 735; need for acceleration of construction on Burmese section, 676–677
      • Income of Burma increased from Chinese Government traffic over Burmese railways, 673; from transit duties paid on American aid to China, 673, 695
      • Malaria control along route by U.S. Public Health Service, 667, 678–679
      • Technicians, American, desired by China in connection with operation of Chinese section, 667
    • Burma Road (Yunnan to Burma highway):
      • Administration: Baker, John E., superintendent, Yunnan-Burma Highway Supervisory Commission, 602, 609, 653–654, 660, 703–704; Chinese responsibility for traffic, 704, 710, 715, 720, 732–733; lend-lease priority, question of, 644–645; maintenance and repair of lend-lease trucks, 710, 715, 716, 717, 726, 733n ; recommendations for improvement, 704, 710, 715, 716, 720, 725; supervision, question of, 486, 719, 724
      • American assistance requested by Chiang Kai-shek, 600–601, 602
      • British-Chinese relations:
        • Closing of Road by British, unfounded rumors concerning, 639–640, 646
        • Consultation by the British with United States regarding flow of lend-lease supplies to China, 719; regarding limited carrying capacity of Road through China, 724, 729, 731
        • Tulsa incident, lend-lease material for China pre-empted for British use without U. S. authorization, 767–768, 769–770, 772–773
      • Burmese problems:
        • Delay by customs authorities alleged by Chinese, 703
        • Import duties on certain lend-lease equipment coming to Burma, 756; lifting of, 766
        • Storage congestion problems, and efforts to overcome, 729–730, 734–735
        • Transit duties on aid-to-China supplies, question of abolition: Attitude of Burmese Government, 681–682; British-Chinese-U.S. discussions, 672–675, 676, 695; information concerning abolition, effective after Sept. 3, 724
      • Japanese bombing: Air raid at Yunnanyi, 599; fear of Japanese attack on Kunming, 737, 738, 739, 741; need of China for planes to repel attacks on Road, 339; U. S. representations regarding indiscriminate bombing of Kunming, and Japanese reply, 875, 876, 876–877
      • Occupation of Indochina threat to Burma part of Road and Rangoon terminal, 242, 276, 313, 316, 371–372, 700
      • Route of supplies for Russian aid, 478
      • Traffic capacity, 651, 653–654, 660, 668, 703, 729–730, 733, 752, 764
    • China:
      • Arrests of Chinese nationals in Indochina by Japanese, 296, 298, 299, 354
      • Arms and munitions (see also Chinese Air Force: Planes, infra), 328, 617–618, 721, 725; U. S. Neutrality Act of 1939, question of application, 592–593, 615–616
      • Chinese Air Force:
        • American Volunteer Group: Arrival in Rangoon, 675; British units included in, 763; Chennault, Claire L., American adviser to Chinese Air Force, 683; Chinese group, organization of, suggested, 757–758; deficiency in personnel and materiel, 763; praised by Chiang Kai-shek, 737; readiness to move up to China with three squadrons, 761; recruiting of additional pilots, 736; training in Burma, 548
        • Chengtu defeat, reasons for, 620
        • Planes, procurement of: Allocation of U. S. planes, 598, 599, 613, 629, 659n , 683, 706–708; British bombers requested and allotted, 721, 722, 725; Chinese Short-Term Aircraft Program, relation to, 679–681; Eurasia Aviation Corp., Chinese purchases from, 657–658, 659
        • Reenforcement by British fliers from Singapore and Americans from Manila requested, 739, 740
      • Lend-Lease program:
        • Development of, 632, 635, 640, 642, 649, 651–656, 660–661, 668, 670–671, 684, 688
        • Materials supplied under: British proposal for coordination, 717–719, 754–755: effect on Chinese morale, 670, 671; relation to U. S. defense and demands of other theaters of war, 225, 337–338, 346, 641, 736, 741; schedule of supplies available, statistics and comments, 629, 635–637; unlimited export license issued to China Defense Supplies, Inc., 717
        • Military mission from United States, to expedite: Assignment of Brig. Gen. John A. Magruder as head of mission, and duties, 680–681, 692, 696–698, 709; comparison of mission’s purpose with that of joint mission to Moscow, 711–712; relation to problems of defense of Kunming, 742–744, 747, 752; request of Chiang Kai-shek, 695–696
        • Minerals imported from China, report by National Resources Commission, 726–727
        • Technical aid: Advisers requested, 665; Public Health team for malaria control along Burma railway route, 667, 678–679
        • Petroleum products: Delivery under Lend-Lease, 548, 636; gasoline reserve in northwest China, 541; estimated volume over route to Lanchow, 498n ; supply problems on Turkistan Road, 540; U.S. objections to supplying China from Netherlands East Indies, 654
        • Soviet aid to, via Alma Ata–Hami–Lanchow highway, 478, 498, 540–541
      • International Settlement at Shanghai:
        • American business firms, requests by Japanese Consul for information from, 779–780; U.S. advice for general compliance, 780
        • Courts: Protection of certain Courts, question of, 837, 839, 872–873; Wang Ching-wei (Nanking) regime, reports concerning attempts to seize Chinese courts, and U.S. discussions with Chinese Government, 865–870
        • Customs problems. See under China.
        • Export permit system, imposition
        • of, 784, 785
        • Municipal government:
          • Attempted assassination of Chairman of Municipal Council, U.S. and British attitudes, 822–823; Japanese expression of chagrin, 823–824
          • British proposal for change to commission form, with two-year suspension of land regulations: Basis of proposal, British explanation of, 830–831; British-Chinese-U.S. discussions, 824–826, 827, 828, 829, 832–833, 834–837, 837–839, 842–843, 844–845, 849; conditions of Chinese acceptance, 844, 845–846, 847–848, 850, 861; Japanese views, 825, 830, 835, 836–837, 844; U. S. views, 826–830, 833–834, 841, 844, 862
          • Resolution adopted by Chinese Ratepayers Association, providing for a provisional Council: Adoption, Apr. 17, 854–855; Chinese denunciation, U.S. acceptance, and [Page 937] U.S. efforts to bring about Chinese acceptance, 855–860, 861–865; consent of other governments, 860–861
          • Selection of Chinese members, and problem of Wang Ching-wei sympathizers’ influence (see also Resolution, supra), 850–853, 854
          • Violence of elections feared, 824, 826, 829, 830–831
        • Nazi agents, increased propaganda of, 872
        • Policing of: Objection to enlargement of Japanese-policed sector, 585–586; reduction in number of Marines, 563, 568–569, 587; responsibility for policing after withdrawal of U.S. Marines, provision for, 586–587, 587–588
        • Reaction of business community to freezing of Chinese and Japanese assets, 785
        • Taxation question, U.S. suggestion regarding satisfactory adjustment of, 839–841
        • Terrorist activities, 847
      • Military operations:
        • Aerial encounter near Chengtu, Mar. 14, 620
        • Bombing attacks by Japanese (see also Burma Road: Japanese bombing, supra, and Protection: Bombing operations, infra):
          • Chungking raids, 689, 705, 874, 886, 889, 890; Japanese expression of regret for bombing of U.S.S. Tutuila, 888–889
          • Hong Kong airport, bombing on Dec. 8, 375
          • Kunming, indiscriminate bombing of, 875, 876–877
          • Undefended cities and villages, 538, 548
        • Communist forces, participation in: Failure to prevent Japanese construction of lines of communication in North China, 495–496; in Shansi fighting, 507–508, 512; resistance to Japanese, question of continuance of, 468, 474
        • German attitude, 510, 526
        • Guerrilla raids in North China, 558
        • Japanese setbacks: In Hunan, 538; in south Shansi, 502, 507; withdrawal of troops and planes from several sectors of front, 532, 537
        • Offensive at Ichang, Chinese abandonment of, in October, 538, 539
        • Yunnan offensive expected, 545, 549–550; Kunming and Burma Road held to be objectives of attack, 737, 738, 739, 741
      • Missionaries and mission property:
        • Japanese assurances regarding non-intention to intern missionaries in event of U.S.-Japanese war, 901–902, 903
        • U.S. representations with regard to lives and property in—
          • Fukien, damage to mission property by Japanese armed forces, 905
          • Kwangtung, trespass and looting by Japanese armed forces, 891–892, 896
          • Manchuria: Detention and removal to Antung of Rev. Bruce F. Hunt and Dr. and Mrs. Roy M. Byram, 898–899, 900–901, 902, 903–904; difficulties of mission at Fushun, 895–896
          • Shansi, withdrawal of missionaries due to persecution of Chinese adherents by Japanese military authorities, 873–874, 897
          • Shantung, trespass and looting by Japanese armed forces, 893
          • Tsingtao, striking of Sister Turibia by a Japanese national, 900, 904–905
      • Protection of American lives and property in China (see also Missionaries and mission property, supra), 873–905
        • Bombing operations (Chungking, Kunming, and U.S.S. Tutuila), 874, 875–877, 878–879, 880–881, 883, 886–891, 894–895, 898
        • Evacuation problems, 875, 884–885
        • Ichang, situation at, 886
        • Manchuria, difficulties experienced by foreigners, 893–894
        • Peiping, report of Japanese plans to operate certain universities in event of U.S.-Japanese war, 904
        • Travel restrictions by Japanese authorities, 878, 880, 881–882, 883–884, 885, 897
      • Settlement of the undeclared war, question of: Importance of, 499, 503–504; increasing desire among Chinese for, 537; Japanese efforts to negotiate end of war, 467, 479, 487, 531; possibility of Japanese settlement proposal to Chinese National Government, 505
      • Travel restrictions: Easing of restrictions for officials and nationals of Germany and Italy, 897; military permits in North China, Japanese requirements and U. S. representations, 878n , 880, 881, 882, 885; prohibition of travel in Foochow area, and arrangements for safety of Americans, 884–885; Yangtze River closed, 875
      • U. S. Embassy guard incident at Peiping, involving assault on unarmed U. S. Marines by Japanese gendarmes: Information concerning incident and investigation of, 454–455, 457–460; U. S. demands for amends, and Japanese attitude, 460–462, 475, 481–483
      • U. S. Marines and naval forces, withdrawal from China, 554–590
        • Notification to British Government, 579; to Shanghai municipal officials, 583
        • Press statement by President Roosevelt, 583–584
        • Public announcement of consideration of question, 578, 579–580; reaction of American community at Peiping, 580
        • Recommendations and opinions of—
        • Reduction of number of Marines at Shanghai and in North China, 563
        • U. S. reservation of rights under Boxer Protocol, 582, 589
        • U. S. river gunboats, situation in connection with, 560, 562, 576, 581, 586, 588, 590
        • Withdrawal procedure:
      • Wang Ching-wei. See Wang Ching-wei regime.
  • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union.
  • United China Relief, 540, 721–722
  • United Kingdom (see also British Malaya; Burma; and under Japan):
  • United States Far Eastern Trading Corp., 157, 162, 189, 191, 297
  • Universal Leaf Tobacco Co., 778, 781–782, 799
  • U. S. Congress: Lend-Lease Act, Mar. 11, 83, 616, 617, 651–656; Neutrality Act, Nov. 4, 1939, cited, 592–593, 615–616
  • U. S. Marines and naval forces. See under Undeclared war.
  • U. S. Public Health Service, 667, 678
  • U. S. Treasury Department, 630–631, 685–686, 687, 689, 698–699, 701–703, 723, 729, 736; press release, Apr. 25, on U. S.-Chinese stabilization agreement, 633–634
  • U. S. S. Wake (formerly U. S. S. Guam), 559–562, 576, 581, 588, 590
  • Wang Ching-wei regime (see also under Japan):
    • Courts in International Settlement at Shanghai, plan to take over, 865–870
    • Currency issued by Central Bank of China supported by Japanese, 780
    • Recognition by Axis powers, 234, 516
    • Refusal of recognition by France, 521, 523, 532–533; by Thailand, 250, 267, 336
  • Yee Tsoong Tobacco Distributors, Ltd., 782, 792
  • Yoshizawa, Kenkichi, 45, 56, 115, 126, 179–180, 296, 305–306, 323, 354
  • Young, Arthur N., 647–648