Foreign Relations of the United States Diplomatic Papers,
1938, The Far East, Volume III
Index
- Afghanistan, 81, 137
- Agreements. See
Treaties, conventions, etc.
- Airplanes. See
Outer Mongolia: U. S. planes; Undeclared war: Military operations:
Bombings, and under
Japan.
- Alaska fisheries question, 28, 162
- Anti-Comintern pacts: Berlin–Rome–Tokyo Axis, 298, 308–309, 316, 326, 389, 400, 403–406, 410, 439, 485; Communist
view of, 247; German-Japanese agreement (1936), 308;
German-Italian-Japanese protocol (1937), 308
- Australia, 579–580
- Austria: Influence on Japan of Hitler’s action in, 124; military supplies to China, 214,
602
- Aviation. See
Undeclared war: Military
operations: Bombings.
- Bankers Trust Co., 526, 528–530
- Belgium: League of Nations, activity at meeting of, 514, 517; “Manchoukuo,” Belgian view
of abolition of extraterritoriality in, 446–447: military supplies to China, 214, 592, 593, 602
- Berlin–Rome–Tokyo Axis. See under
Anti-Comintern pacts.
- Brussels Conference (1937), convened
under art. 7 of Nine Power Treaty of 1922, 40, 45, 144, 152–153, 374, 520, 521, 611, 702
- Burma:
- Chinese National Government banking, etc., headquarters
transferred to, 608
- Supply routes to China, 20–21, 115, 165, 214,
320, 364, 386–387, 592, 598, 601,
605, 608, 612; Burma Road,
construction of, 530, 553, 598;
railroad, 386–387, 552–553, 581
- Tariff on transshipment of war materials, 605
- Changkufeng affair. See
“Manchoukuo”: Japanese-Soviet
border clashes.
- Chase National Bank, 559–560
- Chiang Kai-shek: Addresses and policy statements, 12, 174–175, 195–196, 226, 321–322, 349–350, 356, 377–379, 380–382, 384, 389–390; attitude
toward Communists, 388; attitude toward Japan,
177, 263, 267; forcible detention in Sian, and release,
173–175;
position in National Government and political situation, 4, 132, 134, 157, 158, 174, 221, 267, 293, 320, 349, 421–422, 427, 435–436, 519; Roosevelt, Franklin D., correspondence with, 36–37, 59–61, 312–313, 321–322, 325, 376–377; war operations, 290, 434–435, 436
- Chiang Kai-shek, Madam, 381, 382
- China (see also
League of Nations; Undeclared
war; and under
Japan):
- Boxer Protocol (1901), 77–78, 86
- Chiang Kai-shek. See
Chiang Kai-shek.
- Chou En-lai, 299–300, 313–314, 333–334
- Communists, Chinese:
- Chou En-lai, 299–300, 313–314, 333–334
- Chu Teh, 331
- Domestic policy: Economic, 389; general, 274–275
- Foreign policy, 246–247, 253–254, 388–389
- Kidnapping and release of Chiang Kai-shek, 173–175
- “Manchoukuo,” activity in, 444, 454–455
- Mao Tse-tung, 274
- National Government, relations with, 115, 130, 154, 165, 313–314, 334, 365, 369, 387–389, 398
- Position in China, 78–80, 178–180, 229, 274–275, 314
- Yenan Conference (Sept. 28–Oct. 7),
299–300, 313, 397–398
- Cotton and wheat credits. See under
Economic and financial matters: U. S. financial aid, infra.
- Customs problems, 626–752
- Administration: Inspector General, attitude and actions
of, 627–631, 633–636, 640, 642, 644–645, 647–648, 655, 656, 657, 659, 664, 676, 697, 703, 704, 708, 711–712, 717–720, 724, 734, 737–738, 740–741, 743–744, 745; Japanese or
Japanese-selected personnel, 633, 635, 661, 669, 703, 718, 724–725, 729, 734, 747–750; launches, 662, 673, 677, 678, 685, 729, 734, 735, 737, 738, 750
- Anglo-Japanese agreement:
- Attitude of various countries: China, 630, 681, 687, 690, 695–696, 697, 701–702, 704–705; France, 652, 684n
, 686, 706, 715; United Kingdom, 673–674, 682, 684; United States, 626, 637, 638–640, 655, 666–667, 675, 687, 690–692, 695, 696, 698–699, 706–707, 708
- Consultations between France, United Kingdom, and
United States, 87, 113, 651–652, 653, 656, 671, 699, 706, 746–747
- Flood relief surtax, 688, 691, 693
- Implementation, 711–712, 713, 718, 719–720, 724, 726, 732, 734–738, 740–741, 743, 751
- Negotiations, 76, 107, 111, 626, 627, 630, 632, 635, 636, 637, 642, 644, 646–647, 649–652, 657–658, 661–663, 666–667, 669, 671, 673–681
passim, 683, 685, 687, 690, 692–694, 701, 706
- Statement released by United Kingdom, and
discussion over mistaken reference to U. S.
approval, 688–689, 694–695, 696, 697–698, 700–701
- Texts, 672–673, 676–677, 679–681, 693–694
- Foreign exchange problems, 681, 686, 689–690, 691, 692, 693, 698–699, 705–706, 707, 709–710, 741; U. S. pro
memoria, 712, 714–715, 717
- Integrity of Chinese customs, U. S. concern and requests
for Japanese assurances, 55, 204, 627, 628, 630, 639, 645, 646, 649, 656, 658, 660, 666, 698–699, 711, 712, 713–714, 745–746
- Loan and indemnity payments: Domestic, 633, 636, 673, 675, 677–678, 682, 712, 719, 724; foreign, 628, 629, 632, 634–638, 640–641, 645–646, 647, 649–653, 655, 656, 657, 660–663, 666, 669, 671, 672, 673, 675, 677–684
passim, 688–689, 691, 693, 698–699, 701, 706, 713, 716, 718–721, 724, 726, 729–730, 732, 734–735, 736, 744; Japanese, 633, 673, 680, 689, 694, 717, 726, 728, 736, 737, 745
- Representations against Japanese measures by
France, 643; United Kingdom,
637, 640, 644; United
States, 631, 638–640
- Reshipment of war material, 664–665, 674
- Revenues: Decrease in, 649–651, 652–654, 657, 723–724; deposit of, 113,
163, 628, 632, 633, 635, 636, 637, 641, 642, 644–648, 650, 652, 655, 658–659, 660, 662, 664, 672, 679, 680, 688, 704, 711–712, 713, 718, 726, 728, 736, 737
- Tariff: Rate change, 55, 634–635, 636, 638–643
passim, 647, 656, 661, 662, 670, 678, 720–722, 723, 725, 727–728, 730; proposal of 1931
level, 634–635, 640, 641, 642, 648, 649, 662, 667, 673, 720–721; non-payment
by Japanese, 629, 631, 644, 645, 660, 662, 669, 673, 677, 678, 718, 724
- Economic and financial matters (see also
Customs problems, supra,
and
Salt administration, infra):
- Currency and foreign exchange: Anglo-Japanese guardianship
of currency, proposed, 536, 562; fall in exchange value, 227, 710; general situation, 74, 107, 158, 165, 196, 221–222, 329, 382, 383–384, 400, 525, 535–536, 541, 544, 556, 558, 561–562, 576, 578–579, 582, 588, 591, 668, 669, 713, 716; gold and silver reserves, 520, 561; imports cut, 531–532; Japanese
counterfeiting, 525
- Debt service (see also
Customs problems: Loan and indemnity payments, supra), 55, 558, 561, 566, 586
- Reconstruction and development, 160, 174
- Silver purchases: India, 531;
United Kingdom, 524, 531; United States, 322, 325, 327–328, 329, 346, 521, 523, 526, 530–531, 532–533, 537, 546, 562, 563, 566, 567
- Smuggling in North China, 660,
685, 718, 724
- U. S. financial aid, question of:
- Chen mission to United States, 272–273, 342–343, 541, 544, 545, 551, 557–558, 562, 567, 568
- Cotton and wheat credits, 60, 539, 542–543, 546–550, 563, 586
- General situation, 36–37, 68, 165, 240, 325, 364–366, 388, 409, 435, 495, 520–521, 524–530
passim, 536, 539, 546–551, 553, 555–556, 557, 558, 559, 562, 563–565, 566–576, 577, 582–589
- Loans: Commodity or relief loan, consideration of,
544, 547–549, 551, 553, 554, 557, 559, 563–564;
Guaranty Trust Co. loan, 555–556, 564–565; reports and rumors concerning loans,
10, 14, 522, 523–524, 532, 546, 559–560, 565; tung
oil project (Export-Import loan), 568–576, 577, 582–588, 589–590
- Extraterritoriality, 75, 93, 148, 151
- Floods, 197, 205–206, 210, 506–507
- Foreign rights and interests in (see also
Customs problems, supra,
and
Salt administration, infra):
- Japanese attitude toward, 119,
123–124, 144–146, 200, 349, 355, 366, 374–375, 387–388, 400–401, 404, 405, 414, 428, 434, 439
- U. S. rights and interests: Demands presented to Japanese,
200, 204–205, 211–213; enumeration of, 120, 145–146, 204–205, 212, 213, 392; Japanese
violation, 205, 406–409; preservation of, 202, 203–204, 236–237, 278–279, 401–402; representations to Japan,
32–33, 200, 212, 279, 355, 391–392
- France, relations with. See
Customs problems: Anglo-Japanese agreement, supra; and
under
France.
- Germany, relations with. See under
Germany.
- Italy, military supplies from, 21, 214, 365,
366, 592, 593, 597, 602, 612
- Japan, relations with. See
Undeclared war
and under
Japan.
- Kung, H. H.: Financial negotiations and policy, 272–273, 525, 557,
558, 588–589, 641–642, 661, 664,
669, 695–696, 697, 702;
position in National Government, 4n
, 177,
427, 519
- Kuomintang. See under
National Government, infra.
- Loans and aid. See China under
France, Soviet
Union, and
United Kingdom; also
Customs problems: Loan, supra, and
U. S. financial aid
under
Economic and financial matters, supra.
- “Manchoukuo,” question of recognition by China, 93, 148, 428
- Maritime customs. See
Customs problems, supra.
- National Government:
- Capital moved from Hankow to Chungking, 251n
- Chiang Kai-shek. See
Chiang Kai-shek.
- Communists, relations with. See
under
Communists, supra.
- Domestic policy, 35–36, 59–60, 130, 133–134, 154, 158, 159, 160, 161, 176, 195–196, 221, 356–357, 376, 434
- Foreign policy, 133–134, 158, 159, 175, 178
- Freedom of speech, publication, and assembly, 134
- Japanese withdrawal of recognition, 14, 25, 27, 29–30, 40, 43,
68, 72, 83, 85, 198–199, 251, 368
- Kuomintang: Communist members, 253–254; founding and
early years, 179; National
Congress (Mar. 29–Apr. 1), 133–134, 158–161; terrorists, 194
- Political activity: General, 375–376, 427, 519; People’s Political Council, 134, 159, 247, 349–350, 365, 427; United Front, 79–80,
130, 160–161, 253, 388, 398
- “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,”
non-recognition of, 36
- “Reformed Government of the Republic of China,” attitude
toward, 130
- “Open door” and equality of opportunity, principle of, 53, 90, 143, 204,
206, 212, 367, 374, 391, 402, 403,
404, 419, 423, 437, 439, 447, 587; U.
S. protest against Japanese violation of, 391–392
- Outer Mongolia, Chinese attitude toward purchase of U. S. planes
by, 599–600,
602–604
- Paracel Islands, claim to, 219
- Puppet regimes. See
“Provisional Government of the Republic of
China,”
“Reformed Government of the Republic of
China,”
and
“United Council of the Republic of China”
under
Undeclared war.
- Salt administration: Loans secured by, 668, 670,
673, 680, 683–684; preservation of, 667–668, 669, 670,
674–675,
722–723,
726–727,
728, 730–731, 732–733, 751; U. S. attitude, 669, 670
- Soong, T. V., 107, 110–111, 157, 386,
387, 525
- Soviet Union, relations with. See under
Soviet Union.
- Tang Shao-yi, 125, 220–221, 229
- Treaty with United States (1844), cited,
584–585
- United Kingdom, relations with. See
Customs problems: Anglo-Japanese agreement
and
Representations, supra;
also, United Kingdom: China; and under
Undeclared war.
- Wang Ching-wei, 158, 177, 220–221, 427,
435–436,
441
- Chou En-lai, 299–300, 313–314, 333–334
- Chrysler Corp., 538
- Commercial treaties and agreements. See under
Treaties, conventions, etc.
- Communism (see also
Anti-Comintern pacts; China: Communists; and
Soviet Union): Communist International, Seventh
World Congress (1935), view of China, 79–80; Japan, attitude
toward, 13, 25, 428; “Manchoukuo,” Communist activities in, 443–445, 454–455
- Conferences, etc.:
- Brussels Conference (1937), 40, 45, 144, 152–153, 374,
520, 521, 611, 702
- Communist International, Seventh World Congress (1935), 79
- Japanese Imperial Conference (Jan. 11),
11, 14,
15, 18,
22–23,
24–25
- Kuomintang National Congress (Mar. 29–Apr.
1), 133–134, 158–161
- London Naval Conferences (1930 and 1936), 97
- Peking Tariff Conference of 1925–26, 633
- Yenan Conference (Sept. 28–oct. 7), 299–300, 313, 397–398
- Conventions. See
Treaties, conventions, etc.
- Czechoslovakia (see also
European political situation; Munich Agreement), 592, 593, 612
- Denmark, 214, 592,
593, 597, 602
- Diplomatic and consular relations. See under
Undeclared war.
- Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc., 599–600, 602–604
- Dulles, John Foster, 119–121
- Ecuador, 502, 503
- European political situation: Effect on Far East, 5, 38–39, 281, 287–288, 290, 296, 298–299, 316, 319, 332, 334, 335–336, 344–345, 347–349, 388–389, 404, 405, 411–412, 560–561; general,
5, 6, 7, 117
- Export-Import Bank of Washington: Aid to China, question of, 521, 537, 538–540, 546, 547–548, 566–567, 586; tung oil
loan, 568–576, 577, 582–588, 589–590
- Extraterritoriality: China, 75, 93, 148, 151; “Manchoukuo,” 441–442, 446–448
- Far Eastern situation (see also
European political situation: Effect on Far East):
General, 234–237,
374–375, 387, 400; U. S.
policy, 151–153,
368
- Fisheries question in Alaska, 28, 162
- Ford Motor Co., 610
- France (see also
European political situation; Indo-China; Munich Agreement; and under
Undeclared war):
- China (see also
China: Customs
problems: Anglo-Japanese
agreement): Loans to China, consideration and policy, 62–63, 67, 508, 520–521, 535, 541,
544, 545, 552; military supplies to
China, 113, 136, 214, 351–352, 364, 366,
592, 593, 594, 596–597, 602, 606,
612
- Japan: Naval construction, Japanese attitude toward U.
S.-British-French démarche concerning, 76, 84, 96–101;
relations with, 218–220, 319,
356, 715; shipment of armaments via Indo-China, Japanese protest
over, 607; trade with, 220, 534
- League of Nations, activity in, 493,
496, 498, 499, 505–506, 514
- Paracel Islands, activity on, 219–220, 534
- French Indo-China. See
Indo-China.
- Germany (see also
Anti-Comintern pacts; European
political situation; Munich Agreement;
Undeclared war: Germany
and
Peace proposals):
- China: Barter arrangement (1935), 602; military advisers to, 2–3, 21, 106, 182, 183,
191–192,
198, 202, 213; military supplies to,
21, 106,
182, 183, 192, 214, 364–365, 366,
591–592,
593, 597, 601–602, 606, 612; miscellaneous, 255–256, 307, 445
- Italy, cultural convention with (Nov. 23),
403
- Japan, cultural convention with (Nov. 25),
396, 403–404
- League of Nations, German attitude toward League policy, 445
- “Manchoukuo”: Changkufeng affair, German intervention in, 271; recognition, and treaty of amity
(Map 12), 106–107, 445, 446,
448, 450, 451–452
- Good offices. See
Undeclared war: Mediation and
good offices.
- Grain Stabilization Corp., 566, 586
- Great Britain. See
United Kingdom.
- Guaranty Trust Co., 555–556, 564–565
- Hitler, Adolf, 124, 445, 446, 448
- Holy See, 621
- Hong Kong: Armament shipments to China through, 20, 74, 132–133, 136, 213, 215, 317, 364, 378, 520, 591, 592, 593, 597–598; British attitude toward
possible Japanese attack on, 17, 22, 69; general
position of, 82, 90,
143
- Hungary, 406
- Indo-China:
- Armament shipments to China through, 20, 136, 164, 207, 213, 214,
218–219,
319–320,
327, 351–352, 364, 375,
383, 520, 591, 592–596, 601, 605–609, 612;
embargo on, 594–595, 596, 607, 608,
610–612,
613, and
Chinese protest, 609
- Miscellaneous, 218–219, 319,
596
- Inner Mongolia, 263, 428
- International Labor Office, 127
- Italy (see also
Anti-Comintern pacts; European
political situation; Munich Agreement;
and under
Undeclared war):
- China, military supplies to, 21, 214, 365,
366, 592, 593, 597, 602, 612
- Germany, cultural convention with (Nov.
23), 403
- Japan: Good-will mission to, 125;
trade and barter agreements with, 453–454
- United Kingdom, relations with, 8, 120, 187
- Japan (see also
Anti-Comintern pacts; League of
Nations; and
Undeclared war):
- Airplanes, U. S. disapproval of sales to Japan by American
manufacturers, 327, 329, 566,
617–626
passim
- Alaska fisheries, question, 28, 162
- American loans, question of, 228, 408, 527,
625, 626
- Australia, mining company in, 579–580
- China (see also
China: Customs
problems, Foreign rights and
interests, and
Salt administration):
- Cooperation with, question of, 150–151, 177, 178, 428
- Immigration of Japanese, 123,
171
- National Government, Japanese withdrawal of recognition
of, 14, 25, 27, 29–30,
40, 43, 68, 72, 83,
85, 198–199, 251, 368
- Policy toward: Economic, 53, 206, 355, 393, 437, 438; general,
11, 13, 14, 23, 24–25, 27–28,
53, 101, 104–105, 121, 123, 127, 129, 138–139, 144, 162, 178, 235, 251, 263–264, 330, 333–334, 349, 354, 360, 366–368, 383, 387, 391, 397, 399, 404, 416–417, 429–431, 433–434, 437, 438, 457; Hirota three-point program,
53, 178; pre-war relations and policy, 173, 174, 175–176
- Economic and financial matters, 227,
228, 299, 309–310, 383, 400, 527,
534
- Foreign policy (see also
China: Policy
toward, supra):
- “Continental” policy. See
East Asia, infra.
- East Asia: Cultural mission, 123; general, 171, 308, 356, 363, 366–368, 374, 391, 397, 403, 404; “Southward Advance,” 97, 98, 170–172, 326, 607
- General, 24n
, 82, 127, 168–169, 171, 299, 356, 366–368, 393–394
- Western: Attitude toward possible conflct in Europe, 292, 296, 298–299, 300–303, 307, 310, 314–315; general, 354; withdrawal from European
affairs, 299, 308–309
- France. See under
France.
- General relations with United States, 53, 82, 83, 122, 212, 282,
326, 392–394, 417–418, 420–421, 422–423, 571–573, 574, 575
- Germany, cultural convention with (Nov.
25), 396, 403–404
- Government: Foreign Office, reorganization of, 168–170, 318, 345,
354; Imperial Conference (Jan. 11), 11, 14, 15, 18, 22–23, 24–25; political situation, 82, 129, 138–139, 162, 169,
199–200,
202, 318, 345, 349, 354, 400, 405,
416, 418, 420, 432
- Hungary, cultural pact with (Nov. 15), 406
- International Labor Office, withdrawal from, 127
- Italy: Good-will mission from, 125;
trade and barter agreements with, 453–454
- “Manchoukuo.” See under
“Manchoukuo.”
- Mandated islands, 171, 172
- Naval construction, Japanese reaction to U. S.-British-French démarche concerning, 76, 84, 96–101
- Paracel Islands, interest in, 219
- Permanent Court of International Justice, relations with, 127
- Poland, cultural pact with (1936), 405
- Propaganda in United States, 235, 268
- Sakhalin, 162, 293–294
- Soviet Union, relations with. See
“Manchoukuo”: Japanese-Soviet border clashes; and
under
Soviet Union.
- Trade relations with United States: Consideration of refusing
supplies to, 328–329, 357, 364, 388;
military supplies, sale of, 593–594, 618,
619–620,
621–623,
624–626;
trade with, 245, 393, 394; treaty of commerce
and navigation (1911), consideration of
termination, 244–246, 408, 427, 573
- United Kingdom, relations with. See under
United Kingdom.
- War with United States, possibility of, 99, 237, 296–297, 407, 426,
571–573,
575
- Johnson Act (1934), 555
- Korea: Foreign interests, Japanese exclusion of, 90; territory involved in Japanese-Soviet border clashes, 460, 462, 464, 465, 466, 482
- Latvia, 517
- League of Nations:
- China’s appeal for sanctions against Japan under League Covenant,
488–519
- Application of arts. 10, 11, 16,
and 17 of Covenant, question of, 390, 404, 494, 498, 503, 505, 508–518
passim; report of League Council (Sept. 30) declaring art. 16 applicable, 514–515, 515–516, 517–518
- Attitudes and actions of various countries:
- Belgium, 514, 517
- China (see also
League Council action, infra): Appeal for aid, 505, 506, 508, 509, 554, 556–557; appeal for embargo,
509; pressure for
League action, 280, 489, 490, 491, 500, 503, 515–516, 518–519;
protests against Japanese conduct of war, 504, 505, 509
- Ecuador, 502, 503
- France, 493, 496, 498, 499, 505–506, 514
- Greece 514
- Japan, 99, 509, 510, 511, 514
- Latvia, 517
- Peru, 502, 503
- Poland, 494, 496, 497, 502, 503, 505, 510
- Soviet Union, 497,
514
- Sweden, 514, 517
- United Kingdom, 489–493, 496–499, 501, 504, 506, 514
- United States, 500,
511–513, 516, 519
- League Council action: Report (Sept. 30) declaring art. 16 of Covenant applicable, 514–515, 515–516, 517–518; resolution
of Feb. 2, 491, 492–493, 494, 496–499, 501–503; resolutions
(May 14 and Sept. 30) concerning use of poison gas, 504–505, 507, 515, 516–517, 518
- Committees: Advisory Committee, 59,
488, 489, 490, 491, 500; Communications and
Transit, 506–507
- Germany, attitude toward League policy, 445
- Reports and resolutions of 1937, cited,
365–368,
491, 514, 613
- London Naval Conferences (1930 and 1936), 97
- Macao, 214, 592,
601
- “Manchoukuo”:
- Changkufeng incidents. See
Japanese-Soviet border clashes, infra.
- Communists: Activity of, 443–445, 454–455; Soviet aid to, 444
- Economic and financial matters: Customs organization, Japanese
failure to pay quotas due for foreign obligations, 634; exchange restrictions, effect on
American firms, 448–450; foreign interests, exclusion of,
90; railways, failure to meet
obligations to American firms, 452–453, 487–488; smuggling, 445
- Extraterritorial rights: Abolition of, 441–442, 446–448;
agreement with Japan (1937), 442, 447
- Germany. See under
Recognition, infra.
- Hunchun Treaty, 463, 467, 468,
469, 471, 476, 479
- Italy, trade and barter agreements with, 453–454
- Japan: Emigration to “Manchoukuo,” 171; “Japan-‘Manchoukuo’-China” bloc, 403, 404; nationals and
juridical persons of third countries, Japanese attitude toward
“Manchoukuo’s” policy, 448;
Sino-Japanese cooperation in, question of, 150; troops in, 53, 126, 451
- Japanese-Soviet border clashes, 441–488
- Military activity, 95, 238, 250, 253, 262, 443, 445, 450, 455–465, 470, 472, 473, 476, 477–478, 479, 480, 482; casualties,
482
- Negotiation of settlement, 271, 326, 455–456, 457, 458, 462, 463–464, 465, 466–472, 473–477, 478–485; German intervention, 271, 484–485; violation of truce, 481
- Re-demarcation of boundary, 456, 468–469, 474, 476, 478, 484
- Military activity (see also under
Japanese-Soviet border clashes, supra): Anti-bandit campaign, 444; army mutinies, 444; Lyushikov affair, 483;
mobilization law, 451
- Poland, reciprocity agreement (Oct. 19),
exchange of notes, 486–487
- Recognition, question of, by—
- China, 93, 148, 428
- Germany, treaty of amity (May 12),
106–107, 445, 446, 448, 450, 451–452
- Russo-Chinese treaty of 1860, 471, 476
- Russo-Japanese agreement of 1907, 463
- Smuggling, 445
- Soviet Union, relations with (see also
Japanese-Soviet border clashes, supra), 162, 443–444
- Manchuria. See
“Manchoukuo.”
- Mandated islands, Japanese, 171, 172
- Mao Tse-tung, 274
- Mediation. See under
Undeclared war.
- Mongolia, Inner, 263, 428
- Mongolia, Outer. See
Outer Mongolia.
- Munich Agreement (Sept. 29), 307, 310, 314, 332, 335–336, 344–345, 347–349, 388–389, 405
- Munitions. See
Undeclared war: Arms and
munitions.
- Narcotics, 337
- Netherlands: Military supplies to China, 597;
sanctions against Japan, 116
- Neutrality Act (1937): Invocation and
provisions, 86, 624;
loans to China, bearing on, 526–527, 539, 547, 548, 569, 571
- Nine Power Treaty (1922) (see also
Brussels Conference):
- Application to Far Eastern situation, 13, 46–47, 89, 91–92, 144, 151–153, 383,
703
- Provisions: Citations, 90, 143, 570,
584, 585; modifications considered, 46–47
- Reconvening of signatories, consideration of, 57–58, 80, 280, 375, 490,
491, 495, 498, 499–500, 513–514; U.
S. attitude, 57–58, 498, 499–500, 513–514
- Violation by Japan, 36, 90, 127, 143, 367,
403, 404, 419
- Norway, 597
- “Open door” policy. See under
China.
- Outer Mongolia: Sino-Soviet negotiations, 70–71, 137; Soviet troops in, 71; U. S. planes, purchase of, 599–600, 602, 604
- Paracel Islands, 219–220, 326, 534
- Permanent Court of International Justice 127
- Peru, 315, 502,
503
- Poison gas. See under
Undeclared war: Military
operations.
- Poland: Foreign relations, 406, 412; Japan, cultural pact with (1936), 405; “Manchoukuo,” exchange of
notes establishing reciprocity (Oct. 19), 486–487;
non-aggression pact with Soviet Union, extension of, 406; sanctions against Japan, consideration of, 315, 494, 496, 497, 502, 503, 505, 510
- Reconstruction Finance Corp. (see also
China: Economic and financial
matters: U. S. financial aid: Cotton and wheat credits), 547, 566–567, 586
- Red Cross, 193, 550
- Refugee and relief activities. See under
Undeclared war.
- Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. See
Anti-Comintern pacts.
- Roosevelt, Franklin D. (President): Chiang Kai-shek, correspondence with,
36–37, 59–61, 312–313, 321–322, 325, 376–377; China relief campaign, 566; Japanese peace terms, comment on, 3, 11, 14,
522; Kung, H. H., correspondence with, 272–273, 342–343; mediation
requested by China, 10, 312–313; tung oil project, attitude
toward, 568, 575,
582
- Roosevelt, Theodore, part in Russo-Japanese peace negotiations (1905), 60
- Rubber Export Association, 610
- Sakhalin, 162, 293–294
- Sanctions. See
League of Nations
and under
Undeclared war: Japan:
Retaliatory measures.
- Shipping. See under
Undeclared war: China.
- Smuggling: “Manchoukuo,” 445; North China,
660, 685, 718, 724
- Soong, T. V., 107, 110–111, 157, 386, 387, 525
- South Manchuria Railway Co., 156
- Soviet Union (see also
Anti-Comintern pacts; “Manchoukuo”: Japanese-Soviet border
clashes; and under
Undeclared war):
- Army, strength and preparations in Far East, 71, 80, 126, 447
- China (see also
China: Communists):
- Aid to China, 62–63, 67,
295, 364, 366, 373, 534; Sun Fo mission to Moscow, 70–71,
114, 136–137, 164–165, 210, 530
- Armaments supplied to China, 5,
6, 20, 71, 107, 114, 135–136, 137, 165, 180, 210, 214, 295, 320, 352, 373, 384, 489, 508, 530, 592, 602, 608; overland shipping routes, 213, 214, 320, 420, 591, 592, 593, 595–596, 601
- Relations: General, 178–180, 295; non-aggression treaty (1937), 180, 364; sphere of influence in, 109, 274–275
- Japan, relations with: Consulates, closing of, 162, 294,
472; general, 57, 114, 126–127, 137, 293–294, 400,
485–486;
incidents, 137, 161–162, 294, 443
- League of Nations, activity in, 497,
514
- Litvinov, Maxim, statements and attitude toward Japanese-Soviet
border clashes, 458, 468–469, 470, 473–479
passim, 483–484; toward undeclared war, 19–20, 22, 25
- “Manchoukuo,” relations with, 162,
443–444
- Outer Mongolia, Soviet position concerning, 70–71, 137, 600
- Portsmouth, Treaty of (1905), 294, 455
- Stalin, Joseph, 165, 364
- Standard Vacuum Oil Co., 228
- Stilwell, Col. Joseph W., reports on Sino-Japanese situation, 8, 115–116, 154
- Stuart, Dr. John Leighton, 109–110, 111–113, 114–115, 117, 119, 124
- Sweden: Activity in League of Nations, 514,
517; armaments to China, 214, 592, 593, 602
- Switzerland, 214, 602
- Tariff Act of 1930, 409, 419, 426–427
- Tariff Conference of 1925–26, Peking, 633
- Treaties, conventions, etc.:
- Amity, treaty of, Germany–“Manchoukuo” (May
12), 450, 451–452
- Anti-Comintern pacts. See
Anti-Comintern pacts.
- Boxer Protocol (1901), 77–78, 86
- Commercial treaties and agreements:
- Italy–“Manchoukuo” (July 5), cited,
453
- Japan–United Kingdom (1911), 265, 357
- U. S.–China (1844), cited, 584–585
- U. S.–Japan: 1894, 246; 1911,
consideration of termination, 244–246, 408, 427, 573
- Cultural conventions:
- Germany–Italy (Nov. 23), 403
- Germany–Japan (Nov. 25), 396, 403–404
- Hungary–Japan (Nov. 15), 406
- Japan–Poland (1936), 405
- Germany – Italy – Japan protocol (1937)
(see also
Anti-Comintern pacts), 308
- Germany–Japan agreement (1936) (see also
Anti-Comintern pacts), 308
- Hunchun Treaty, 463, 467, 468,
469, 471, 476, 479
- Japan–“Manchoukuo” agreement of 1937, 442, 447
- Kellogg–Briand Pact (1928), 36, 89
- London Naval Treaty (1936), 97, 100
- Munich Agreement. See
Munich Agreement.
- Nine Power Treaty. See
Nine Power Treaty.
- Non-aggression pact, Poland–Soviet Union (1932), extension of (Nov. 26), 406
- Non-aggression treaty, China–Soviet Union (1937), 180, 364
- Portsmouth, Treaty of (1905), 294, 455
- Reciprocity, Poland-“Manchoukuo” (Oct. 19),
486–487
- Russo-Chinese Treaty of 1860, 471, 476
- Russo-Japanese agreement of 1907, 463
- Tariff autonomy, U. S.–China (1928), 60
- Transit, Convention and Statute on Freedom of (1921), 610
- Undeclared war between Japan and China:
- Air activity. See
Military operations: Bombings, infra.
- Amoy, customs problems, 729, 734
- Anglo-American consultations on policy and advisable
steps (see also under
Mediation
and
Peace proposals, infra): Diplomatic and consular relations with members of
puppet governments and territorial officials, 38, 43–44, 87–88, 102–103, 118, 311, 413;
Eden’s alleged statement of secret Anglo-American alliance, 63, 69;
exchange of information, 3–4, 39, 87, 173, 581; naval power, consideration of use as
threat, 7–8,
19, 90,
142–143,
144, 145; diplomatic offices and troops in North China, 3–4, 31–32, 33, 34, 38, 55–56, 58–59, 61, 66, 67, 86–87, 303, 304
- Arms and munitions:
- Chinese National Government: Chinese manufacture, 598; foreign powers, supply by,
5, 6, 20, 21, 71,
106, 107, 113, 114, 135–136, 137, 165, 180, 182, 183, 192, 201, 210, 214, 295, 320, 351–352, 364–366, 384, 489–490, 508, 530, 591–597
passim, 601–602, 605, 606, 608, 612; general situation, 8, 124,
132–133, 214–215, 269, 264–266, 372, 373, 376, 381, 530, 543, 575, 591–613
passim; supply routes, 20–21,
74, 132–133, 136, 213–214, 346, 364–365, 386–387, 530, 591, 592, 601; types of
supply, 214, 595, 596, 597, 600–602, 605, 606, 612
- Japan, 124, 327, 365, 593–594, 618, 619, 620, 621–623, 624–626
- Blockade (see also
China: Shipping,
infra), 15,
20, 186,
214, 601, 607
- Bombings. See under
Military operations, infra.
- Canton (see also
South China, infra):
- Customs problems: Information concerning, 744, 750; U. S., British, and French representations
to Japan regarding integrity of Chinese Maritime Customs,
748–749, 751–752
- Military operations: Attack and fall, 287, 307, 315, 317, 318, 320–321, 323, 329–330, 331, 332, 333, 335, 341–342, 347–348; attitude
toward hostilities, 132–133; bombings, 168, 192, 193, 197, 226, 614–616, 620; ease and rapidity of Japanese occupation,
estimated reasons for, 333, 337–340, 343–344, 350, 382, 424–425; Japanese strategy, 377–378; looting,
329–330, 335, 342; naval operations, 168, 342, 353
- Peace Maintenance Committee, 422
- Refugees, 332, 333, 335, 353
- U.S. citizens, 193
- Casualties, 192, 193, 197, 223, 321,
337, 561, 613, 614
- Central China (see also
“Reformed Government of the Republic of
China”
and
Japan: Administration
of occupied territory, infra):
Economic development, 128, 169, 200,
203, 206, 413–414, 432, 578; Japanese special position in, 263–264;
military operations, 435; refugees, 550
- Central China Rehabilitation Co., 128, 169,
200, 203, 206, 413–414, 432, 578
- Chefoo: Customs problems, 633, 707, 709,
729, 735, 737; Harbor Commission, 738–740, 741–743, 747, 748;
occupation of, 643; U. S. Consulate
taken over by Japanese naval cutter, 739
- Chiang Kai-shek. See
Chiang Kai-shek.
- China (see also
Central China, supra, North China
and
South China, infra):
- Advisers, military, 2–3, 21,
106, 182, 183, 191–192, 198, 202, 213
- Air activity, 56–57, 206
- Blockade of Chinese ports by Japan (see
also
Shipping, infra), 15, 186, 214, 601
- Communists, Chinese: Military activity of, 115, 154, 179–180, 229, 232, 269–270, 274–275, 330–331; Wuhan,
defense of, 262, 300, 313
- Diplomatic representation in Japan, 32–33, 51–52,
54–55, 85, 196
- Economic reprisals against China by foreign powers,
question of, 153
- Foreign rights and interests in. See
under
China.
- Military program and strategy, 154, 176, 195, 336, 356–357, 375–376, 381; Supreme War Council, 158
- Peace movement, 373
- Review of first ten months of conflict, 173–181
- “Self-determination”, 160
- Shipping (see also
Blockade, supra), Japanese restrictions on Chinese rivers,
336, 345, 348, 352, 353, 359, 360, 374, 392, 393
- Territorial integrity and sovereign rights, Japanese
assurances of, 159, 207, 263, 337, 402
- U. S. diplomatic offices and armed forces in China, 31–32,
33, 58–59, 61–62,
75, 86–87, 94, 188–189, 303, 304–305
- U. S. military supplies, 214,
489–490, 521, 525–526, 592, 593, 594, 597, 602, 605
- China Aviation Co., 421
- China Economic Inquiry Commission, 128
- Chinwangtao customs problems, 630,
640, 664, 677, 685, 693, 707, 709
- Diplomatic and consular relations (see also
Anglo-American consultations, supra):
- Chinese representation in Japan, 32–33, 51–52,
54–55, 85, 196; question of U. S. assumption
of Chinese interests, 48, 51, 54–55
- Diplomatic offices and troops of foreign powers in China
(U. S., British, and French), 3–4, 31–32,
33, 34, 55–56, 58–59, 61–62,
67, 75–76, 77–78,
86–87, 94, 102–103, 187, 188–189, 303, 304–305
- Japanese Consulates in Soviet territory, 162, 294, 472
- Japanese representation in occupied China. See
“Provisional Government of the Republic
of China,”
“Reformed Government of the Republic of
China,”
and
Japan: Administration of occupied territory, infra.
- Japanese withdrawal of recognition of National Government
of China, 14, 25, 27,
29–30, 40, 43, 68,
72, 83, 85, 198–199, 251, 368
- U. S. Consulate at Chefoo, premises taken over by Japanese
naval authorities, 739
- U. S. officer at Nanking, assault on, 65, 66
- “East Hopei Anti-Communist Government”, 59
- Formosa, 83, 323
- France: Canton, French representations to Japan against
indiscriminate bombing, 616; Chinese
customs issue, 86; diplomatic offices and
troops, 3–4,
31–32,
34, [Page 764]
59n
, 75–76, 77–78, 86–87, 102, 103; Far
Eastern situation, attitude toward, 5,
319; French citizens in Chinese
military forces, 219; Hainan, reaction
to possible Japanese occupation of, 207,
209–210,
219; non-intervention policy, 116, 218,
219
- Germany: Brutality of Japanese troops, attitude toward, 50; Far Eastern situation, view of, 41, 271, 272, 307,
445; neutrality declaration, 21–22, 40–41;
settlement of conflict, inclusion in, 255–256
- Good offices. See
Mediation and good offices, infra.
- Hainan, 82, 207, 209–210, 219,
290, 319, 326, 607
- Hankow (see also
Wuhan Refugee Zone, infra): Attack and occupation, 21, 163, 172, 182,
194–195,
197, 210, 213, 222, 231–232, 238,
262, 277–278, 315, 320–321, 330–331, 334,
335, 336–337, 341, 342,
344, 346–347, 352–353, 507, 561;
bombing, 738; Hupeh Self-Protection
Corps, 347; looting, 347; Safety Zone, 106, 108
- Hopei: “East Hopei Anti-Communist Government,” 59; military operations, 223, 224,
269–270,
274
- Incidents: Ladybird, 24, 641; Monocacy, 278, 345; Panay, 24, 29, 48, 192, 641; Shanghai, 7–8, 185–187; U. S. officer in
Nanking, assault on, 65, 66; U. S. rights and interests affected,
205, 211–212
- Italy: Aviators serving Japanese forces, 59; Far Eastern situation, attitude toward, 271, 272;
mediation proposals by Italian Ambassador in China, 105, 110,
254–255,
271
- Japan (see also
Military operations, infra):
- Administration of occupied territory (see also
“Provisional Government of the Republic
of China,”
and
“Reformed Government of the Republic of
China,”
infra): Asia Promotion Board
(Koa-in), 431–433, 440; China Affairs Bureau, 122–123, 125, 128; China Board, 405, 429; China Economic
Affairs Bureau, 127–129; China Organ, 199–200, 203, 206, 354–355; Bureau of
the New System in Asia, 391:
East Asia Bureau, 168, 169, 420; “Federal Republic of China.” 429–431; Koa-in, 431–433, 440; “United Council of the Republic of China,”
297, 368–369, 371, 416–417, 418, 420; Wu Pei Fu, Marshal, 417, 418, 429–430, 440
- Army: General situation, 35,
104–105, 114, 393; military strategy and
program, 197–198, 205–206, 223–224, 345, 349; mobilization law, 222; morale; 234, 250; reinforcements, 101, 118, 193; troops disguised as medical
personnel, 249
- Belligerent rights, 72, 279
- Blockade of Chinese ports (see also
Shipping, infra), 15, 186, 214, 601
- Declaration of war, possibility of, 11, 14, 15, 24,
55, 62–63, 65, 68,
72, 85–86, 201
- Konoye, Prince Fumimaro, 68,
129, 138–139, 162, 198–199, 306, 349, 366–367, 387
- Peace terms. See under
Peace proposals, infra.
- Retaliatory measures against Japan by
foreign powers, question of: Economic reprisals, 153, 173, 357–358, 390, 401–402, 407–409, 418–419, 422–424, 571, 573, 581–582, 588; embargo,
246, 579; sanctions, 99,
116, 173, 228, 235, 240, 306, 390, 510–512, 514–518
- Shipping (see also
Blockade, supra), Japanese restrictions on Chinese rivers,
336, 345, 348, 352, 353, 359, 360, 374, 392, 393
- Soviet Union, possibility of war with, 5, 6, 19–20,
25, 71, 80–81, 94–95, 107, 114, 136, 253–254, 287, 296, 310, 451, 458–459, 462, 466, 470, 474
- Yoshida, Shigeru, suggestions of mediation, 139–140, 207, 209
- Kwangchowwan (see also
Kwangtung, infra),
213–214,
592, 601, 608, 611
- Kwangtung (see also
South China, infra), 41–42, 132–133, 318, 330, 434–435
- Kwantung, 150, 234
- League of Nations. See
League of Nations.
- Mediation and good offices (see
also
Peace proposals, infra):
- Anglo-American consideration, 140, 142, 155, 163, 238–239, 250–251
- China: Official suggestions, 238–239, 241–242, 252, 255–258, 261–262, 263–264, 266, 268–271, 329; request by Chiang Kai-shek,
312–313; Sun Fo’s opinion, 164; suggestions to Wang Ching-wei from various
sources, 220–221
- Christians, Japanese and Chinese, suggestion for meeting
of groups of, 166–167
- Italian Ambassador in China, proposals by, 105, 110–111, 254–255, 271
- Japan: Official suggestions, 166; proposal by Yoshida, 139–140, 207–209
- U. S. position (see also
U. S. private citizens, infra), 17, 44–47
- U. S. private citizens, action by, 119–121; Stuart mission, 109–110, 111–113, 114–115, 117, 119, 124; U. S. attitude, 111, 166–167
- Military operations (see also
under
Canton, supra, and
South China, infra):
- Atrocities and acts of terrorism (see
also
Bombings
and
Poison gas, infra), 37–38, 48–49, 50, 65,
66, 73, 84, 154, 161, 187, 215–217, 223–224, 242, 243; Chinese
protests to League of Nations against Japanese conduct of
war, 504, 505, 509
- Bombings:
- Effect on resistance spirit, 154, 161, 270
- General, 56–57, 206, 224, 420, 738
- Indiscriminate attacks on open towns and civilian
populations, 212–213, 281, 321, 504, 509, 613–617, 619, 620, 623; League of Nations
resolution against (1937),
613; U. S. attitude
and representations to Japan, 616–617, 620–621; Vatican representations, 621
- Ground activity, 8, 38, 42,
82, 118, 135, 138, 154, 172, 179, 180, 182, 183, 190, 194–195, 197, 205, 206, 222, 223, 224, 231–233, 243, 270, 273, 275, 279, 290, 302, 320, 321, 323, 330, 331, 336–337, 351, 352, 372, 373, 381, 382, 420, 434–435, 507, 520
- Guerrilla activity, 8, 41, 115, 116, 154, 180, 181, 209, 269–270, 330, 332, 334, 337, 376; Kuomintang Youth Corps, 330
- Naval activity: Anglo-American naval power, consideration
of using, 7–8, 19, 90, 142–143, 144, 145; general, 9, 15, 20,
133, 168, 290, 341, 342, 344, 352, 353, 643
- Poison gas: Alleged use of, 244, 272, 321, 504–505, 507, 509, 515, 518; League of Nations
resolutions concerning, 505,
515, 516–517, 518
- Reviews and analyses of general situation, 8, 62,
64–65, 74, 115–116, 131, 153–154
- Military supplies. See
Arms and munitions, supra.
-
Monocacy, 278,
345
- Nanking: Chinese air raid, 56–57; Chinese soldiers, mass execution of,
13; International Committee for the
Nanking Safety Zone, 49–50, 52, 54, 74;
Japanese troops, behavior of, 37–38, 48–49, 50, 65, 66, 73, 78, 94, 96, 176–177; U.
S. diplomatic officer, assault on, 65,
66
- Nanking Provisional Government. See
“Reformed Government of the Republic of
China,”
infra.
- Non-interference and non-intervention policy (see also
Neutrality Act): France, 116, 218,
219; Germany, 21–22, 40–41; United States, 537, 569
- North China (see also
“Provisional Government of the Republic of
China,”
infra):
- Diplomatic offices and troops of foreign powers: France,
3–4,
31–32, 59n
, 75–76, 77–78, 86–87,
102, 103; United Kingdom, 3–4, 31–32,
34, 55–56, 58, 61,
67, 86–87; United States,
31–32, 58–59, 61–62, 75, 86–87, 303, 304
- Economic and financial matters: Currency and foreign
exchange, 227, 578, 673, 680, 681, 683, 686, 691, 693, 698, 705, 707, 715–716; embargo on export of hides
and skins, 212; foreign traders,
227, 351, 578; North China
Development Co., 128, 156, 200, 203, 206, 421, 432;
Sino-Japanese Economic Council, 131, 155–156; smuggling, 660, 685, 718, 724; strikes in Kailan Mining
Co., 131–132
- Japanese special position in, 93, 148–149, 150, 263–264, 428
- Soviet influence in, 274–275
- North China Communications Co., 156,
169
- North China Development Co., 128, 156, 200,
203, 206, 421, 432
- Peace proposals (see also
Mediation, supra,
and
Nine Power Treaty: Reconvening of signatories):
- Anglo-American discussions of possible terms, 89–93,
141–153, 172–173
- Chinese compromise agreement, impossibility of, 238, 334, 365, 373
- Japanese demands, 110–111, 267, 372, 379, 395, 427–429, 433–434, 436, 441
- Japanese terms, (Jan. 1): Chinese
opinion and rejection, 2, 11–12,
27, 29–30, 40, 46;
presentation and negotiations, 1–2, 4, 10–12, 24, 26–27, 29–30,
39–41, 46, 52–53,
199, 522; revision of terms by Imperial Conference,
15, 18, 24–25, 29;
text and interpretation of terms, 1, 10, 30, 48
- “Provisional Government” proposal, 210–211
- Peiping Government. See
“Provisional Government of the Republic of
China,”
infra.
- Poison gas. See under
Military operations, supra.
- “Provisional Government of the Republic of China”
(see also
North China, and
Japan: Administration
of occupied territory, supra):
- Customs problems, 632–633, 634–635, 636–637, 638–639, 640, 643, 672, 678, 682, 685, 698, 705;
- “East Hopei Anti-Communist Government,” merger with, 59
- Ministry of Industries, 156
- Recognition decisions by China, 36; Japan, 14, 30, 127; United States, 714
- “Reformed Government of the Republic of China,” relations
with, 122, 130–131, 138, 163, 211, 297, 368–369; “National
Conference” and “Assembly of People’s Delegates,” 371
- Salt administration, 667
- Shanghai, non-inclusion of, 629
- Wang Keh-min, 43, 109, 131, 163, 210–211, 297, 368–369, 372, 431
- Red Cross, 193, 550
- “Reformed Government of the Republic of China” (see also
Central China, and
Japan: Administration
of occupied territory, supra):
- Customs problems, 672, 682, 703, 704, 708, 716, 720, 745
- Economic and financial matters: Currency situation, 578–579, 716; economic
development, 122, 128, 169, 200, 203, 206, 413–414, 432, 578; property
rights of foreign nations, attitude toward, 135, 414
- Formation and inauguration, 119, 121–122, 125, 129, 130, 311–312; Japanese
policy, 438; manifesto quoted,
130
- Liang Hung-chih, 125, 131, 297, 368, 369
- National Government, attitude toward, 130
- “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,”
relations with. See under
“Provisional Government,”
supra.
- Recognition by United Kingdom, question of, 306
- Tang Shao-yi, 193–194, 220–221
- Refugee and relief activities (see also
Wuhan Refugee Zone, infra): Anti-epidemic work, 506; Canton, 332, 333, 335,
353; Central China, 550; French activity, 506; Nanking, International Relief
Committee, 49–50, 52, 54, 74; U. S. activity, 537, 566;
West China, migration to, 550
- Shanghai:
- Administration, 91–92, 146–147, 148, 629
- British attitude and desiderata, 185–187, 240–241
- Customs situation and negotiations (see
also
China: Customs
problems), 163, 167, 628–629, 632, 633, 635, 637, 641, 642, 644–645, 648–649, 650–653, 654, 658–661, 665, 688, 693, 699, 703, 704, 706, 707, 708–709, 710, 711–712, 713, 717–718, 719–721, 723–725, 728, 737
- International Settlement: British troops in, 31–32,
33, 34, 75, 187; courts, “Reformed
Government” appointments to, 181, 184–185, 305–306, 317, 398–399, 415; extraterritoriality, 75; incidents, Anglo-Japanese,
7–8,
185–187; Japanese troops in, 93–94, 95–96,
188–189, 242–243, 258–260, 266–267, 276; Municipal
Council, 13, 216–217, 222–223, 225, 226, 305–306; possibility of Japanese seizure, 304–305; U. S. defense sector, intrusion of armed
Japanese into, 258–260, 266–267, 276; U. S. troops in, 33, 75,
94, 188–189, 303, 304
- Japanese troops, behavior of, 7–8, 38, 185–187
- “Ta Tao Government,” 242, 259, 260
- Terrorism, 84, 215–217, 242
- Shansi, 115, 153–154, 180, 206,
223–224,
231, 265–270, 274, 345–346
- Sinkiang, 165, 179
- Soochow, 38
- South China (see also
Canton
and
Kwangtung, supra):
- Japanese organization, 328
- Military campaign: Chinese counterattack, 381, 434–435; foreign
opposition to Japanese activity, 370–371; Japanese
landings and campaign, 317–318, 321, 326–327; rapid conquest, estimated
reasons for, 333, 337–340, 343–344, 350, 382, 424–425
- Soviet Union: Aviators with Chinese army, 57, 180; Far
Eastern policy, 81; Japanese
indiscriminate bombings of Chinese towns, representations against,
619, 620; intervention, attitude toward, 116, 364; war with Japan,
possibility of, 5, 6, 19–20, 25, 71, 80–81, 94–95, 107, 114, 136,
253–254,
287, 296, 310, 451, 458–459, 462,
466, 470, 474
- “Ta Tao Government,” 242, 259, 260
- Tientsin: British Concession, 56;
customs problems, 630, 631, 636,
637, 640, 644, 648, 654–655, 660,
663–664,
670, 683, 693, 707, 709, 710, 716;
Japanese controversies with French and British authorities, 302, 561;
Salt administration, 667, 668; silver in, 324–325, 327–328, 346, 357
- Tsingtao: Customs problems, 15, 633, 707,
709, 729, 734, 735; occupation, 9, 15, 17–18; salt interests, 684, 694
- “United Council of the Republic of China” (see also
Japan: Administration
of occupied territory, supra), 297, 368–369, 371,
416–417,
418, 420; functions, 297; manifesto,
368–369
- United Kingdom (see also
Anglo-American consultations, Mediation, and
Peace proposals, supra): Diplomatic offices and troops in China, 3–4, 31–32, 33, 34, 55–56, 58, 61, 67, 75, 86–87, 187; Japanese indiscriminate bombing of
Canton, representations against, 614–615; naval activity, 334, 335,
346, 352; policy and attitude, 2, 5, 6, 17, 19, 83, 116, 157, 164,
185–187,
209–210,
239–241;
rights and interests, 83, 90, 120, 239–241, 265, 359,
361, 401–402
- U. S. general policy and attitude (see also
Neutrality Act), 5, 6, 15, 16, 17, 22, 108, 126, 143, 145,
147, 537, 569, 572
- West China, 349, 550
- Whangpoo River, 241, 281
- Wuchang Refugee Zone. See
Wuhan Refugee Zone, infra.
- Wuhan Refugee Zone (see also
Hankow, supra):
Chinese defense works proposed, 283,
285, 288–289, 290, 291,
298; negotiations concerning Hankow
Safety Zone, 248, 277–278, 282, 284–291
passim, 298, 323–324; U.
S. policy, 253, 284
- Wuhu, 37, 48–49, 667
- Yangtze (see also
China: Floods):
Internationalization, proposed, 109;
shipping, 186, 241, 278, 336, 345
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See
Soviet Union.
- United Kingdom (see also
European political situation; Munich Agreement; and under
Undeclared war):
- China (see also
China: Customs
problems: Anglo-Japanese
agreement):
- Aid: Aid granted, 292, 364, 366, 378–380, 508; loans, general policy and negotiations, 62–63,
67, 240, 275, 292, 364, 378, 384–392
passim, 416, 437, 505, 506, 520–521, 525, 531, 533–534, 535–537, 540, 541–542, 545, 551–553, 554, 559, 560–562, 565, 576, 580–582, 587–589, 591; Marsman
proposition, 552–553; military supplies to, 136, 214, 489–490, 593, 597, 602, 605
- Position in, 109, 268, 377–379, 380
- Desiderata presented to Japan, 10, 240–241, 265, 275,
281, 292, 297, 359–360
- Far East, historical position and policy, 363, 377–378
- Italy, relations with, 8, 120, 187
- Japan:
- International relations, 46,
82–84, 119, 239–241, 263, 265–266, 275–276, 281, 282, 292, 297, 301, 306–307, 315–316, 336, 348, 356, 359–360, 361–363, 377–378, 396–397, 411–412, 418, 422–424, 437, 540
- Naval construction, Japanese reaction to U.
S.-British-French démarche
concerning, 76, 84, 96–101
- Retaliation against, British consideration of (see also
League of Nations, infra), 275, 357–358
- Trade relations: Armaments, British attitude toward sale
of, 624–625; trade with, 581;
treaty of commerce (1911), possible
denunciation, 265, 357
- League of Nations, activity in, 489–493, 496–499, 501, 504,
506, 514
- U. S. citizens:
- U. S. Marines, service in China, 33–34, 61–62, 188–189, 303–304, 341
- Universal Trading Corp. of New York, 586, 587
- Vatican, 621
- Wang Ching-wei, 158, 177, 220–221, 427, 435–436, 441
- West Coast Life Insurance Co., 448–449