Index

• Airplanes, airplane accessories, aviation gasoline, etc., U. S. restrictions on export to Japan. See Economic measures.
• American treaty rights and equality of commercial opportunity in occupied China (see also under Growing tension: 1939, 1940: China questions), Japanese interference with, 329–330, 411, 472–473, 480–481, 641–642
• Anti-Comintern Pact. See under Axis powers.
• Arms and munitions, restrictions on export to Japan. See Economic measures.
• “Arsenal of democracy” address by President Roosevelt, Dec. 29, 1940, 173–181
• Assets, Japanese, freezing of. See Economic measures: 1941: July 26; also Conversations, subjects: Economic questions: Economic measures: Freezing.
• Axis powers (see also Conversations, subjects: European war; Growing tension: 1939, 1940, 1941: European situation; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), relations of Japan, 2, 2–3, 36, 116, 126, 126–127, 134, 135, 141, 143–146, 153–186, 311
  • Anti-Comintern Pact and supplementary protocol between Germany and Japan, and subsequent adherence of Italy:
    • Italy, adherence: Observations of Ambassador Grew, 160–161; protocol of adherence, Nov. 6, 1987, text, 159–160
    • Japanese official statements and views, 36, 155–158, 163–164
    • Texts signed Nov. 25, 1936, 153–155
  • Tripartite Pact between Germany, Italy, and Japan:
    • Axis efforts to aline Japan more closely, 182–183
    • German implementation of pact by dispatch of commission to assist in construction of fueling bases in Japanese islands, 173; question of supply of war planes to Japan, 311
    • Japanese views:
      • Denial of hostile intentions, 126, 126–127, 135, 163–164, 172–173
      • Obligations in event of U. S. entrance into European war, 134, 141, 145–146, 171, 183–185
      • Official statements on occasion of signature: Address by Foreign Minister Matsuoka, 166–168; imperial rescript, 168; message of Prime Minister, 168–169
    • Negotiations, 2, 2–3, 161–162, 170
    • Text signed Sept. 27, 1940, summary, 165–166
    • U. S. attitude: Disapproval, 116, 162–163, 169–171; press release by Department of State, 169; radio address by President Roosevelt on national security, Dec. 29, 1940, 173–181
  • Visit of Foreign Minister Matsuoka to Berlin, Moscow, and Rome (1941), 143–145, 182–186, 311
• Bombing of civilians by the Japanese and military operations endangering American lives and interests in China, 3, 5, 32, 33, 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 49, 208–210
• Boundary dispute between French Indochina and Thailand, Japanese mediation, 142, 144, 306
• Burma Road, 101, 327, 508, 518, 781
• Chiang Kai-shek, continued U. S. recognition and aid, and Japanese opposition, 36, 38, 59, 93, 94–95, 99, 134, 144, 148–149, 303, 314, 319, 326, 333, 344, 366, 367, 368, 376, 380, 381, 384, 423, 443, 471, 501, 508, 518, 580, 584, 612, 618, 624, 725, 754–755, 755, 761, 763–764, 765, 775, 782, 783, 788, 789, 791–792
• China (see also Growing tension: 1939, 1940, 1941: China questions; and under Conversations, subjects):
  • Assets in the United States, freezing of. See Economic measures: 1941: July 26.
  • Extraterritoriality, 17
  • “Incidents”: Liutiaokow (Sept 18, 1931), 136; Marco Polo Bridge (July 7, 1937), 134, 135, 136; Shanghai (July 7, 1940), 101–104, 106–108
• Commercial treaty between the United States and Japan (Feb. 21, 1911), U. S. abrogation, 30–31, 32–33, 41, 43, 51, 53–54, 54–55, 58, 63, 70, 79, 88, 98–99, 189–198, 204–210, 368–369, 536, 760
  • Arrangements for maintaining commercial relations upon expiration of treaty: Nonimposition of discriminatory duties on Japanese imports, 195–196, 197–198; status of Japanese treaty merchants, 196–197, 198; U. S. liberal policy, 193–194, 536
  • Embargo, possibility of, 32–33, 41, 58
  • Japanese desire for negotiation of a new commercial treaty, agreement, or modus vivendi, and U. S. attitude, 43, 51, 55, 63, 70, 79, 98–99, 190–195, 196, 197, 198, 205
  • Termination of treaty on Jan. 26, 1940, 30–31, 32–33, 43, 51, 88, 189–190, 197, 368–369, 760; text of U. S. notice of abrogation, 189
  • Violation of treaty by breach of contract between Universal Oil Co. and Japanese interests, Japanese allegations and U. S. views, 53–54, 54–55, 204–210
• Communism (see also Axis powers: Anti-Comintern Pact), question of joint defense by China and Japan, 333, 334, 336, 396, 423, 428, 429, 434–436, 441, 443, 444–445, 453, 460, 470, 477–478, 485–486, 493–494, 502, 623
• Conversations between the Governments of the United States and Japan, 1941 (see also Conversations, subjects of discussion), 325–795
  • Record of conversations, documents, 387–795
  • Summary of conversations, memorandum prepared in Department of State (May 19, 1942), 325–386
  • Jan.-May 11, preliminary phase, 325–332, 387–418
    • Efforts to improve Japanese-American relations, initiation: Conversations between Ambassador Nomura, Secretary Hull, arid President Roosevelt, 331, 387–398, 402–418; suggestion of President Roosevelt, 387–388
    • Proposal for a general settlement in the Pacific area, presented informally by private Americans and Japanese, Apr. 9: Discussions, 328–332, 402–415; draft text, 398–402
  • May 12–Aug. 5, consideration of Japanese proposal of May 12 and interruption of conversations following Japanese military penetration into French Indochina, 332–343, 418–546, 551, 552
    • Draft proposals:
      • Agreement for a general settlement, Japanese draft proposal of May 12:
        • Discussions, 332–337, 418–419, 425–445
        • Text and annex, 420–425; amendment and errata, 425–426, 439–440
      • Amended agreement, U. S. proposal of May 31: Discussions, 451–472; text and annexes, 446–451
      • Japanese revision of June 15: Discussions, 472–473, 476–483; text and annex, 473–476
      • Redraft by the United States, June 21:
        • Discussions, 338–343, 483–486, 492–514
        • Text and annexes, 486–492
        • U. S. oral statement of June 21 concerning need for assurance and manifestation by Japanese of intention to pursue policy of peace: Discussions, 492–493, 495–502, 505–509, 511–512, 513–514; text, 485–486; U. S. acceptance of return of oral statement as requested by Japan, 511–512, 513–514
      • Suggestion by President Roosevelt, July 24, for neutralization of French Indochina and Thailand, 341–342, 527–530, 538, 539–540, 542, 545, 552; Japanese attitude, 534–537
      • U. S. refusal to entertain compromise solution, 538–539
    • Interruption of conversations following Japanese military penetration into French Indochina: Attitude of the United States, 340–341, 522, 525–526, 551; question of resumption of conversations, 531, 532, 533, 536
  • Aug. 6–Oct. 16, 17, renewed insistence by the Japanese Government upon its peaceful purposes—resumption of conversations, 343–358, 546–689
    • Draft proposals:
      • Advancement by Japan, Aug. 6, of a limited and one-sided offer: Discussions, 343–344, 546–549, 550–553; text, 549–550, 561–562; U. S. views regarding lack of responsiveness to President Roosevelt’s suggestion of July 24, 344, 552–553
      • Japanese revised proposal of Sept. 6:
        • Discussions, 348–349, 593–595, 600–603, 604–607, 610–636
        • Text, 608–609
        • Unofficial draft presented by Ambassador Nomura, Sept. 4, and subsequently withdrawn: Discussions, 595–596, 610, 615; text and annexes, 597–600; withdrawal, 597n, 621, 626
        • U. S. statement of desire for further clarification, 610–613, 625, 626; Japanese reply, 620–624, 634–636
      • Proposal of Sept. 25 by Japan, combining U. S. redraft of June 21 and Japanese revised proposal of Sept. 6: Discussions, 353, 636, 640–641, 651, 654, 654–669, 672–677, 684; Japanese efforts to expedite reply, 641–645; 652–654; text, 637–640
    • Effect on conversations of new Japanese acts of aggression in French Indochina, 668, 669–670, 679, 682
    • Formal negotiations, U. S. requirements for entrance upon:
      • Consultation with British, Chinese, and Netherlands Governments, 348, 588, 595, 611–612, 618; Japanese views, 620–621, 627, 630, 632
      • Insistence on reaching advance agreement in principle on fundamental issues: Discussions, 347–348, 352–353, 559, 576–579, 584, 588–592, 595, 621, 631, 654–656, 661, 673–674; Japanese views and requests for information on points of divergence, 626–627, 631, 670–678, 681; opinion of Ambassador Grew, 645–650
      • Meeting between President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Konoye, proposed. See Roosevelt-Konoye meeting.
      • Peace, renewed insistence by Japan on purposes of, 343, 345, 347, 349–350, 356, 548, 553, 554, 555, 562, 563, 566, 572–575, 584, 590, 604–605, 606, 615–616, 625, 635, 642–643, 652–653, 657–658, 672, 675, 680, 681
      • Resumption of conversations:
        • Japanese requests, 553, 554, 559–560
        • U.S. attitude:
          • Disinclination in view of continued Japanese military aggression and press campaign against the United States, 345–346, 547–548, 551, 553–555, 557–559
          • Insistence on Japan’s furnishing clear statement of present attitude and plans, 345–346, 559, 570; Japanese statement, 573–575
  • Oct. 17–Nov. 19, advent of the Tojo cabinet and redoubling of the Japanese Government’s insistence upon early acceptance of its proposals, 358–366, 370, 689–753, 788
    • Draft proposals:
      • Formulas presented by Japan, Nov. 7, concerning stationing and withdrawal of Japanese forces in China and French Indochina, and principle of nondiscrimination in international commercial relations: Discussions, 706–709, 712–714, 722, 788; texts, 709–710
      • U. S. proposal for joint declaration on economic policy: Discussions, 359–361, 731, 742, 750; failure of Japan to respond, 370; text, 736–737
      • U. S. suggestion for mutual pledges of conciliation between China and Japan, 708, 719, 721, 722–723, 724–725, 726–727
    • Formal negotiations, question of:
      • Japanese desire for, and interpretation of conversations as such, 710, 720, 721–722, 730–731, 731–732, 748
      • U. S. views: Insistence upon Washington as place of conversations, 700, 701; intention of consulting British, Chinese, and Netherlands Governments prior to entrance upon formal negotiations, 361, 708, 712, 724, 731–732, 733, 736, 748, 750
    • Fundamental difficulties under discussion:
      • Attitude of Japan and the United States toward European war: Japanese obligations under Tripartite Pact, 359, 361, 363, 364, 365, 707, 708–709, 712, 715–716, 723–724, 731, 732–734, 740–741, 744–747, 751–753; U. S. interpretation of self-defense, 361, 714, 741
      • Commercial policy based on principle of nondiscrimination:
        • General discussions, 359, 364, 365, 695–696, 707, 712, 713, 714, 715, 723, 730, 734–736, 744–746, 747
        • Joint declaration on economic policy, U. S. proposal: Discussions, 359–361, 731, 742, 750; failure of Japan to respond, 370; text, 736–737
      • Japanese armed forces, question of withdrawal from—
        • China, 359, 363, 364–365, 698, 699, 707–708, 712, 715, 716, 725–726, 731, 739, 742, 748–749
        • French Indochina, 365, 698, 707, 716, 727–728, 749, 750
        • Thailand, 728
    • Kurusu, Saburo, mission to the United States, 362, 679, 704–705, 707, 710–711, 717, 718–719, 729, 738
    • Peace, Japanese position on general question of: Assurances by Tojo cabinet regarding adherence to Konoye cabinet’s policies and continuance of conversations to a successful conclusion, 358, 362, 363, 689–693, 697–698, 699–700, 700–701, 705–706, 710, 738–739, 742–743; message from retiring Prime Minister Konoye to Ambassador Grew, and reply, 691–692; texts of Japanese statements, 727–729, 739–740; U. S. requests for information, and general discussion, 362, 725, 729–730, 739–740
    • Redoubling of Japanese Government’s insistence on quick decision on its proposals, 358, 362, 365, 693, 709, 711–712, 713, 716–717, 719–721, 723, 730, 747, 748, 751; views of Ambassador Grew and Department of State, 718, 722, 726, 734
  • Nov. 20–Dec. 1, Japanese efforts to extort an agreement on a narrow and one-sided proposal, 366–378, 753–778, 788–789
    • Draft proposals:
      • Japanese proposal of Nov. 20 for entrance into a modus vivendi pending arrival at a general settlement: Discussions, 366, 367–369, 369–371, 372, 376, 753–755, 757–764; text, 366–367, 755–756, 788–789
      • U. S. proposal of Nov. 26 for a general settlement: Discussions, 371–373, 375–377, 764–767, 770–777, 789; Japanese attitude, 375, 376, 764–765., 766, 789; text, 373–375, 768–770
    • Fundamental difficulties under discussion:
      • Attitude of Japan toward the European war and obligations under Tripartite Pact, 366, 368, 369, 370, 376, 754–755, 756–757, 771, 774, 775, 777; draft letter of interpretation by Mr. Kurusu, 369, 756–757
      • China questions, 366, 367, 370, 376, 754, 754–755, 761, 763, 763–764, 764–765, 765, 771, 775, 776
      • Japanese armed forces, in French Indochina, 367, 368, 376–377, 753, 758, 760, 761, 762, 765, 774, 775
    • Japanese insistence on need for quick decision, 761, 776
    • Peace, Japanese professions of, and U. S. attitude, 367, 368, 369–370, 754, 758
  • Dec. 2–7, final phase, 378–386, 778–795
    • Continued Japanese troop movements into French Indochina, and President Roosevelt’s inquiry to Ambassador Nomura and Mr. Kurusu as to Japanese intentions:
      • Discussions, 378, 378–379, 778–780, 781–782, 783
      • Text, 779; Japanese reply, 378, 781, 784
    • Efforts to secure reply from Japan to U. S. proposal of Nov. 26, 780–783
    • Message from President Roosevelt to Emperor Hirohito, Dec. 6, 379, 784–786; reply, 385
    • War between Japan and the United States:
      • Attack by Japan upon Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 385, 786n
      • Final meeting between Secretary Hull, Ambassador Nomura, and Mr. Kurusu, Dec. 7:
        • Arrangements, 379–380, 786–787
        • Memorandum handed by Ambassador Nomura to Secretary Hull, text, 380–384, 787–792; Secretary Hull’s oral reply, 384–385, 787
      • Press statement by Secretary Hull, Dec. 7, 793
      • Request by President Roosevelt to Congress, Dec. 8, for declaration of existence of a state of war with Japan, 793–794; text of declaration, 795
• Conversations, subjects of discussion:
  • Bellicose attitude of Japan:
    • Encirclement, alleged, 319, 340, 366, 380, 501, 508, 520–521, 523, 547–548, 551, 557, 696, 720, 753, 772, 788
    • Press campaign against the United States, 330, 337, 340, 355, 358–359, 375, 376–377, 387, 391, 392, 396, 398, 413, 508, 520–521, 523, 547–548, 551, 554, 555, 557, 566, 582, 585, 693–694, 696, 698, 705–706, 758, 764, 771, 773, 774, 783
    • Slogans and ideology, 363, 366, 375–376, 417, 566, 710, 711, 713–714, 742, 754, 772, 776–777
    • Speech of Prime Minister Tojo, Nov. 30, 1941, 376–377, 772–774, 777–778
  • China:
    • Action toward a peaceful settlement between China and Japan, terms and issues:
      • Communism, joint defense against, 333, 334, 336, 396, 423, 428, 429, 434–436, 441, 443, 444–445, 453, 460, 470, 477–478, 485–486, 493–494, 502, 623
      • Economic cooperation and principle of nondiscrimination, 334, 338, 349, 350–351, 355, 360, 370, 382, 384, 396, 410, 423, 429, 452–453, 460, 461, 470, 472–473, 476–477, 479–481, 493, 577, 584, 596, 602, 611, 612–613, 617, 621–622, 623–624, 627, 636, 656, 657, 659–660, 668, 669, 677, 684, 710, 730, 734, 790, 791
      • General principles, 433, 434–436, 452–453, 459–462, 498, 500, 595, 610–611, 747
      • Immigration to China, 424, 426
      • Konoye principles, 333–334, 350, 419, 423, 429–430, 436, 439, 442, 448–449, 459, 460–461
      • “Manchukuo”, 334, 409, 423, 428, 429, 461
      • Negotiations, question of U. S. good offices:
        • Discussions, 333, 336, 337, 339, 343, 344, 376, 381, 391–392, 393, 423, 427–428, 429, 433, 435, 442–443, 459–462, 465–466, 471, 577–579, 583–584, 595, 611–612, 616, 623, 626, 696–697, 725–726, 742, 761, 762–763, 764–765, 771, 789
        • Intention of the United States to discuss matter with China, 337, 430, 442, 443, 454, 471
        • Japanese terms, 627, 629, 631, 632–633; draft text, 633
        • U. S. insistence on knowing terms, 334, 336, 339, 430, 434–435, 445, 577–578, 611, 613, 616, 627, 685
      • Wang Ching-wei regime, 334, 350–351, 384, 391, 393, 439, 460, 481, 765, 791–792
      • Withdrawal or retention of Japanese troops, 333–334, 336, 337, 338, 349, 350, 355, 359, 363, 364–365, 370, 384, 416–417, 423, 434–436, 437–438, 441–443, 444–445, 453, 455, 459, 461, 470, 477–478, 485–486, 493–494, 502, 518, 577, 602, 611, 616–617, 623, 630, 640–641, 656, 660, 666–667, 668, 669, 670, 671–672, 674, 677, 685, 687–688, 688, 698, 699, 707–708, 709, 712, 716, 725–726, 726, 731, 742, 748, 791
    • American treaty rights and equality of opportunity in occupied China, Japanese interference with, 329–330, 411, 472–473, 480–481, 641–642
    • U. S. aid to China, and Japanese objections, 326, 333, 344, 366, 367, 368, 376, 380, 381, 384, 423, 443, 471, 501, 508, 518, 580, 584, 612, 618, 624, 725, 754–755, 755, 761, 763–764, 775, 782, 783, 788, 789, 792
    • U. S, suggestion for mutual pledges of conciliation between China and Japan, 708, 719, 721, 722–723, 724–725, 726–727
  • Commerce between the United States and Japan (see also Economic questions, infra), 333, 339, 424, 451, 453, 462
  • Economic questions:
    • China, economic cooperation and principle of nondiscrimination, 334, 338, 349, 350–351, 355, 360, 370, 382, 384, 396, 410, 423, 429, 452–453, 460, 461, 470, 472–473, 476–477, 479–481, 493, 577, 584, 596, 602, 611, 612–613, 617, 621–622, 623–624, 627, 636, 656, 657, 659–660, 668, 669, 677, 684, 710, 730, 734, 790, 791
    • Economic activity of the United States and Japan in the Pacific area, 333, 337, 338, 339, 346, 360, 424, 428, 430, 433–434, 436–437, 453, 462–463, 466, 468, 469–470, 524, 558–559, 577, 596, 612, 617–618, 619, 621, 623, 659–660, 668–669, 670–671, 674–675, 684, 687, 689, 695–696, 707, 710, 712, 713, 715, 723, 730, 731, 732, 734–736, 744–746, 789–790
    • Economic measures by the United States affecting trade with Japan:
      • Commercial treaty of 1911, U. S. abrogation, 368–369, 536, 760
      • Freezing of Japanese assets: Japanese resentment, 364, 380, 496, 531, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 567, 580, 714, 717, 747, 751, 788; relaxation or removal, question of, 343, 344, 365–366, 367, 368, 375, 581, 582, 602–603, 604, 650, 749–750, 751, 757–760, 771; shipping, Japanese, arrangements concerning, 536, 537–538; U. S. action, 342, 343
      • Japanese resentment, 326, 364, 368–369, 380, 383, 392, 394, 396, 411, 441, 496, 501, 517–518, 523, 531, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 561, 567, 570, 580, 582, 714, 717, 747, 751, 760, 775, 780, 788, 791
      • Petroleum shipments and restrictions, 264–265, 366, 367, 501, 523, 527–528, 567, 570, 572, 749, 757, 758, 765, 775, 782
      • Views of Ambassador Grew, 602–603, 701–704
    • Economic policy:
      • Proposed joint declaration by the United States and Japan: Discussions, 359–361, 370, 731, 734–736, 742, 750; draft text, 736–737
      • Statements of, 390–391, 395, 397
  • European war, attitude of Japan and the United States:
    • Address by Secretary Hull (Apr. 24, 1941), cited, 430–432, 449–451
    • Greer incident, 609, 613
    • Japanese collaboration with Axis powers and obligations under Tripartite Pact, 325, 326, 330, 331, 333, 337, 338, 339, 349, 354–355, 359, 361, 363, 364, 366, 369, 370, 376, 383, 387, 392–393, 394, 395–396, 397, 404–405, 411, 413–414, 417–418, 423, 426, 427, 432–433, 433, 440–441, 443, 452, 456–458, 464, 469, 478–479, 483–484, 485, 492–493, 495–499, 500, 504, 505, 507, 508–509, 513, 515, 517, 518–519, 520, 524, 577, 584, 596, 602, 609, 613, 614, 622, 627–629, 630, 634, 642–643, 645, 646, 650, 660, 670, 674, 675, 677, 684–685, 686, 687–688, 696, 702, 707, 708, 712, 715–716, 723–724, 731, 732–734, 740–741, 744, 745, 746, 747, 751–752, 754–755, 756–757, 771, 772, 774, 775, 782, 788, 790–791
    • Self-defense, U. S. interpretation and policies, 337, 338, 339, 345, 349, 354–355, 363, 413, 414, 418, 425–426, 427, 429, 430–432, 433, 438–439, 440, 449–451, 452, 456–459, 465, 469, 478–479, 483, 485, 505, 508, 509–510, 515–516, 519, 602, 674, 683, 714, 715, 741, 752
    • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, U. S. and Japanese relations. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, infra.
    • U. S. aid to countries resisting aggression, 348, 366, 368, 427, 429, 431, 505, 558, 567, 612, 754–755, 775, 791
  • Expedition of conversations, Japanese insistence on, and objections to delay, 349, 356, 357, 358, 362, 365, 369, 465, 526, 531, 576, 580–581, 586–587, 605–606, 614, 622, 625, 629, 632, 642, 644, 652, 654, 679, 680–681, 682, 686, 693, 699, 711, 716–717, 719, 720–721, 722, 723, 726, 730, 749, 751, 761, 776, 790; U. S. attitude, 655, 718, 734, 749, 761
  • French Indochina and Thailand:
    • Acts of aggression by Japan, and Japanese explanations, 327, 330, 339–340, 342, 343, 358, 501, 508, 518, 519, 521, 522–523, 528, 530–531, 531–532, 533, 539, 543–544, 548, 553–554, 561, 564, 574, 668, 669–670, 678–679, 683, 684, 779, 781–782, 783, 784, 788
    • Multilateral pact concerning status, question of, 383, 791
    • Neutralization of French Indochina and Thailand, President Roosevelt’s proposal of July 24, 1941, 341–342, 344, 527–530, 534–537, 538, 539–540, 542, 545, 547, 552–553, 556; Japanese attitude, 534–537, 561–562
    • U. S. attitude (see also Neutralization, supra):
      • Concern over continuance by Japan of policy of conquest by force (see also Inquiry, infra), 367–368, 370–371, 376–377, 387, 393, 417, 519, 524–525, 528, 540–546, 553–554, 554, 555, 556–559, 682, 760, 765, 774, 775
      • Inquiry by President Roosevelt, Dec. 2, 1941, regarding reasons for new troop movements:
        • Discussions, 378–379, 778–780, 781–782, 783
        • Text, 779; Japanese reply, 378, 781, 784
      • Representations against Japanese action, 340–341, 521, 522, 524–526, 528, 678–679, 682
      • U. S. proposal for multilateral treaty guaranteeing integrity of French Indochina, 383, 791
      • Warning against further acts of aggression, 345, 556–557
    • Withdrawal of Japanese forces, question of, 343–344, 347, 355, 365, 367–368, 368, 377, 382, 561, 562, 574–575, 581, 615–616, 660, 666–667, 668, 698, 710, 716, 727–728, 749–750, 753, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 774, 779–780, 782, 790
  • Immigration, Japanese, 394–395, 409, 424, 426, 464, 764
  • International relations and character of nations, concepts of the United States and Japan, 436–437, 452, 456, 458–459
  • Kurusu, Saburo, mission to the United States, 362, 679, 704–705, 707, 710–711, 717, 718–719, 729, 738, 783
  • Meeting between President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Konoye, proposed. See Roosevelt-Konoye meeting.
  • Netherlands East Indies, 394, 527–528
  • Nonaggression agreements, proposals regarding—
    • French Indochina, U. S. desire for multilateral treaty, and Japanese objections, 383, 791
    • Pacific area, U. S. desire for multilateral treaty, and Japanese objections, 382, 620–621, 630, 761–762, 763, 764, 790
    • U. S-Japan, Japanese intimation of, and U. S. refusal to consider, 412
  • Peace (see also under Conversations: Aug. 6–Oct. 16, 17, Oct. 17–Nov. 19, Nov. 20–Dec. 1):
    • Japanese professions of, 332, 334, 338–339, 391, 416, 419, 426, 434, 454–455, 455–456, 471, 495–499, 501, 506–508
    • Message from President Roosevelt to Emperor Hirohito, Dec. 6, 1941, 379, 784–786; reply, 385
    • U. S. desire for manifestation by Japan of pursuit of peaceful course, 355–356, 398, 486, 496, 511, 513–514, 520, 754
  • Philippine Islands, 344, 453, 464, 772
  • Place of conversations, Japanese preference for Tokyo and U. S. insistence on Washington, 602, 614, 622, 667, 699, 700, 701, 713
  • Policies of the United States and Japan affecting political stabilization in Pacific area, 339, 419, 424–425, 438, 453, 463–464, 481–483, 498, 602, 615–616, 630, 659, 684, 687–688, 740
  • Political situation in Japan:
    • Cabinet changes, 343, 358, 516, 521–522, 523–524, 534, 689–693, 697, 700–701, 738, 742
    • German influence, 326, 356, 530, 603, 630, 680, 686
    • Military element, 350, 351, 352, 353, 356–357, 386, 388–389, 392, 395, 416, 434, 471, 495, 516, 605, 625, 644, 651, 662, 680–682, 686, 690, 697, 701, 706, 752, 758, 775, 776
    • Public opinion, 335, 356, 521, 551, 561, 613, 632, 635, 651, 652
    • Tripartite Pact, anniversary of signature, 603–604, 622, 629, 630, 632, 644, 645, 654
    • U. S. implication of divergency of views within Japanese Government, 485–486, 498, 500, 511–512; Japanese denial, and allegation of U. S. interference in internal affairs, 493, 495–497, 499, 506–507, 511
  • Preamble of proposed agreement between the United States and Japan, 451–452, 455–456, 623
  • Secrecy or publicity of conversations and proposed agreement, 346, 351, 425, 453–454, 497, 576, 579, 580, 582–583, 584, 586, 587, 592, 594, 594–595, 595, 603, 607, 609, 631, 655–656, 661, 766, 793
  • Southward advance of Japan (see also French Indochina and Thailand and Netherlands East Indies, supra), question of abandonment by Japan of policies of aggression and conquest by force, 349, 354, 355, 367, 403, 407, 417, 419, 426, 575, 615–616, 659, 684, 728, 774
  • Tripartite Pact (see also European war: Japanese collaboration with Axis powers, supra), anniversary of signature, 603–604, 622, 629, 630, 632, 644, 645, 654
  • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, relations with Japan:
    • General discussions, 325–326, 347, 515, 567, 568, 575, 581, 684, 728, 729, 733, 739, 752
    • Nonaggression pact with Japan, cited, 325, 347, 406, 515, 567, 568, 569, 575, 581, 733, 752
    • U. S. aid in resisting German aggression, and Japanese opposition, 498, 501, 505, 568, 575; question of petroleum shipments to Vladivostok, 566–567, 568–569, 570, 572, 580, 581–582, 604
    • U. S. inquiry of Japan regarding intentions of attacking Soviet Union, 500, 502–503; Japanese denial, counterinquiry regarding U. S. intentions of entering European war, and further correspondence, 501, 503–504, 509–510, 513
  • U. S. consultation with Chinese, British, Netherlands and other governments prior to entering into negotiations with Japan, U. S. insistence, 348, 361, 366, 384, 588, 595, 611, 618, 620–621, 630, 632, 708, 712–713, 724, 731, 731–732, 736, 748, 750, 757, 759, 762, 792
  • U. S. policy concerning aid to countries resisting aggression, 348, 366, 368, 427, 429, 431, 505, 558, 567, 612, 754–755, 775, 791
  • U. S. principles of international relations, 332, 372, 373, 390–391, 396–397, 404, 407–409, 411, 414, 538–539, 542, 590, 658, 734–736, 766; Japanese adherence, 349–350, 575, 590, 604, 658, 664, 673, 675–676, 685
  • War between the United States and Japan, possibility of: Defensive preparations by the United States, 359, 370, 377–378; views of U. S. Secretary of the Navy, 693–694, 698; warning to Department of State by Ambassador Grew regarding Embassy’s inability to give advance notification of possible Japanese military action, 743–744
• Economic measures by the United States affecting trade with Japan (see also Commercial treaty and under Conversations, subjects: Economic questions), 53–54, 54–55, 115, 201–273, 537–538
  • 1937, prohibition against transport of arms, ammunition, or implements of war to China and Japan by Government-owned vessels, 201
  • 1938–1939, moral embargo on export of airplanes, airplane accessories, aerial munitions, aviation gasoline and technical processes for manufacture thereof, to countries guilty of aerial bombing and machine-gunning of civilian populations: [Page 807]
    • July 1, 1938, communication from Department of State to manufacturers and exporters of airplanes and airplane accessories, 201–202
    • Dec. 2, 1939, statement by President Roosevelt, 202
    • Dec. 15, 1939, communications from Department of State to—
      • Manufacturers and exporters of airplanes, airplane accessories, and aerial munitions, 202–203
      • Producers of aluminum and molybdenum, 203
    • Dec. 20, 1939, communication from Department of State to oil companies, regarding plans, manufacturing rights, or technical processes for manufacture of aviation gasoline, 203–204; Japanese protests, alleging violation of 1911 treaty through nonfulfillment of Universal Oil Co. contract with Japanese interests, and U. S. attitude, 53–54, 54–55, 204–210
  • 1940, export control by President Roosevelt under Act of July 2:
    • July 2:
      • Appointment of Administrator of Export Control, 216
      • Proclamation 2413 covering arms, ammunition, implements of war; aluminum, molybdenum, certain other basic materials and products; certain chemicals; certain aircraft parts and other products; certain machine tools:
        • Regulations governing exportation and licensing procedure, 213–215; amendment (Jan. 29, 1941), 241
        • Text, 211–213
      • July 26, proclamation 2417 covering petroleum products, tetraethyl lead, No. 1 iron and steel scrap:
        • Regulations (see also Sept. 30, infra), 217–218
        • Text, 216–217
      • July 31, announcement of limitation to Western Hemisphere of aviation gasoline exports: Japanese protest against discriminatory treatment, and U. S. reply, 218–220; text of White House announcement, 218
      • Sept. 12, proclamation 2423 covering equipment, manufacturing processes, plans, etc., for aviation gasoline, tetraethyl lead, and airplane engines: Amendment (Mar. 4, 1941), 255; text, 220–221; White House announcement, Sept. 13, 221–222
      • Sept. 30, regulations amending proclamation 2417 of July 26 to include all grades of iron and steel scrap: Additional amendment (Mar. 4, 1941), 255; Japanese protest against discrimination and U. S. reply, 115, 223–228, 229; text, 223; White House announcement and notice of restriction of licenses to Western Hemisphere and Great Britain, 222–223
      • Oct. 15, issuance of Executive Order 8567 governing requisition by Army and Navy of equipment, munitions, machinery, machine tools, etc.: Announcement by White House, 228–229; Japanese representations and protests against denial of export licenses for machine tools, and U. S. replies, 229–232, 235
      • Dec. 10, proclamation 2449 covering iron ore, pig iron, ferro alloys, and certain iron and steel manufactures and semi-manufactures:
        • Announcement by White House and notice of restriction of licenses to Western Hemisphere and British Empire, 232
        • Japanese protest against discrimination, and U. S. reply, 237–238
        • Regulations (E. O. 8607), 233–235; additional regulations (E. O. 8669, Feb. 4, 1941), 243–248
        • Text, 232–233
      • Dec. 20, proclamation 2451 covering bromine, ethylene, cobalt, and other materials; certain machinery; equipment and plans for production of ‘aviation lubricating oil: Amendment (Mar. 4, 1941), 255; text, 236
    • 1941, extension of export control and ultimate freezing of Japanese assets:
      • Jan. 10, proclamation 2453 covering copper, brass and bronze, zinc, nickel, and potash: Regulations (E. O. 8631), 239–240; text, 238
      • Jan. 29, general regulations regarding affidavits for export of certain products to other than British Empire destinations, 241
      • Feb. 4:
        • Executive Order 8669 prescribing additional regulations governing proclamation 2449 of Dec. 10, 1940, 243–248
        • Proclamation 2456 covering well and refining machinery, radium, uranium, calf and kip skins: Regulations (E. O. 8668), 242–243; text, 241–242
      • Feb. 25, proclamations:
        • 2460, covering belladonna, atropine, sole leather and belting leather: Regulations (E. O. 8693), 249–250; text, 248–249
        • 2461, covering beryllium, graphite electrodes, and aircraft pilot trainers: Regulations (E. O. 8694), 251–252; text, 250–251
      • Mar. 4, proclamations:
        • 2463, covering cadmium, carbon black, coconut oil, fatty acids, shellac, etc.: Amendment (Mar. 27), 259; regulations (E. O. 8702), 255–257; text, 252–253
        • 2464, covering jute, lead, borax, and phosphate: Regulations (E. O. 8703), 257–258; text, 253–254
        • 2465, covering plans, specifications, and technical information for use in producing any articles under export control, 254–255
      • Mar. 27, proclamation 2468, covering animal, fish, and vegetable oils; fatty acids; nylon, kapok; certain chemicals, etc.; text, 258–260
      • Apr. 14, proclamations:
        • 2475, covering machinery, text, 260
        • 2476, covering vegetable fibers and manufactures, theobromine, caffein, sodium cyanide, calcium cyanide, and casein, text, 261
      • May 28, proclamation 2488, extending export control to the Philippines: Announcement by Department of State, 261–262; text, 262–263
      • July, delay in transit of Japanese shipping through Panama Canal, 263–264
      • July 26, Executive Order 8832 freezing Chinese and Japanese assets in the United States:
        • Announcement by White House, 266–267
        • Japanese shipping, effect on: Arrangements regarding cargoes and clearances of Japanese vessels in American ports, 266, 267–272, 537–538; immunity from court proceedings for vessels requisitioned by Japanese Government, Japanese request and U. S. consent, 272–273
        • Text, 267
• Economic questions. See Economic measures by the United States; also under Conversations, subjects.
• Embargoes. See Economic measures.
• Encirclement, Japanese allegation of, 319, 340, 366, 380, 501, 508, 520–521, 523, 547–548, 551, 557, 696, 720, 753, 772, 788
• European situation. See Axis powers; Conversations, subjects: European war; and under Growing tension: 1939, 1940, 1941.
• Export control. See Economic measures: 1940, 1941.
• Extraterritoriality, 17
• France (see also French Indochina; Growing tension: 1939, 1940, 1941: European situation), Japanese non-recognition of French claim to Spratly Islands group, and Japanese annexation thereof, 4–5, 277–281, 387
• Freezing of Japanese and Chinese assets in the United States. See Economic measures: 1941: July 26; and under Conversations, subjects: Economic questions: Economic measures by the United States.
• French Indochina. See under Conversations, subjects and under Southward advance of Japan; see also Growing tension: 1939, 1940, 1941: Southward advance of Japan.
• Germany (see also Axis powers; Conversations, subjects: European war; Growing tension: 1939, 1940, 1941: European situation; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): Influence in Japan, 326, 356, 530, 603, 630, 680, 686; U. S. attitude toward Nazi aggression, 116, 173–181, 404–405, 414, 415, 430–432, 465, 510, 515, 519, 524, 530, 741, 752–753, 754–755
• Good-neighbor policy of the United States, 395, 397, 404, 408, 414, 437, 482, 508
• Good offices (see also Conversations, subjects: China: Action toward a peaceful settlement: Negotiations, question of U. S. good offices), 70
• Great Britain (see also Growing tension: 1939, 1940, 1941: European situation): Economic restrictions on exports, U. S. nonimposition on shipments to Great Britain, 218, 222–223, 232, 241; Japanese attitude, 3–4, 147, 308, 712–713, 732, 792; military alliance with Soviet Union, possibility of, 2; U. S. aid in resisting Axis aggression, 138–139, 146, 147, 334–335, 366, 368, 376, 427, 429, 505, 519, 754, 755, 775
• Greenland, U. S. action in, 284, 406
• Greer incident, 609, 613
• Grew, Joseph C. (Ambassador):
  • Addresses before America-Japan Society, Tokyo:
    • Oct. 19, 1939: Discussions, 29–30, 32; text, 19–29
    • Dec. 19, 1940, text, 129–130
  • Report of rumored plans of Japanese for surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, 133
  • Roosevelt-Konoye meeting, proposed, views concerning, 564–565, 645–650
  • Warning to Department of State regarding Embassy’s inability to give advance notification of possible Japanese military action, 743–744
• Growing tension between the United States and Japan arising from Japanese military aggression, 1–149, 172, 204–210, 225, 226, 292, 319
  • 1939, 1–52, 90, 91
    • Address by Ambassador Grew before America-Japan Society, Oct. 19, reporting American public opinion with regard to the Far Eastern situation:
      • Foreign Office comment, 29–30
      • Text, 19–29; omitted portions, oral presentation to Foreign Minister, 32
    • China questions:
      • American treaty rights and equality of commercial opportunity in occupied China, Japanese interference:
        • Currencies and exchange control, 39, 48, 52
        • Monopolies, 33, 41, 48, 52
        • Shipments of wood oil and embroidery, 41, 47–48
        • U. S. requests for Japanese implementation of assurances regarding maintenance of open door and noninterference with American rights, 3, 32, 33, 37–38, 39; Japanese attitude, 3–4, 33, 36–37, 39, 40–41, 42, 44–45
        • Yangtze River, question of reopening to navigation, 30, 33, 50–51
      • Bombing of civilians by the Japanese and military operations endangering American lives and interests in China: Japanese attitude, 5, 41, 42, 44, 46, 49; U. S. representations and views, 3, 32, 33, 47; warning by Japan concerning danger from military operations in Kwangtung, 5
      • International settlements in occupied China, Japanese attitude, 3, 49
      • Naval vessels and troops of European belligerents. See under European situation, infra.
      • Wang Ching-wei regime, proposed establishment, 34–35, 35–36, 38, 45
    • Commercial treaty between the United States and Japan (1911), U. S. abrogation, effective Jan. 25, 1940, and possible imposition of embargo against Japan, 30–31, 32–33, 41, 43, 51
    • Efforts to restore good relations between the United States and Japan (see also Address by Ambassador Grew, supra):
      • Conversation between retiring Japanese Counselor of Embassy and Secretary Hull, Aug. 30, 8–9; between Japanese Foreign Minister and American Chargé, 15
      • Informal exploratory conversations between—
        • Ambassador Grew and Japanese Foreign Minister, 31–34, 40–43, 48–52; views and instructions of Department of State, 47
        • Embassy and Foreign Office officials in Tokyo, 42, 43–46; views and instructions of Department of State, 47
        • Secretary Hull and Ambassador Horinouchi, 36–39, 43–44
    • European situation, effect in the Far East:
      • Anglo-Soviet military alliance, Japanese apprehension over possibility of, 2
      • Message from Prime Minister Hiranuma to Secretary Hull suggesting efforts to prevent outbreak of European war: Cited, 90, 91; text and reply, 1, 5–8
      • Naval vessels and troops of European belligerents in occupied China, “friendly advice” of Japan for withdrawal: Japanese note, Sept. 5, and explanations, 9–10, 14, 15, 15–16, 18, 19; U. S. disapproval and representations, 11–14, 16–19
      • Noninvolvement policy of Japan (see also Naval vessels and troops of European belligerents, supra), 2, 9, 10, 15, 16, 52
      • Tripartite Pact between Germany, Italy, and Japan, preliminaries, 2, 2–3
    • Southward advance of Japan, denial of territorial designs on South Seas and Philippines, 4–5
  • 1940, 53–130, 172, 204–210, 225, 226, 292, 319
    • Address by Under Secretary Welles at Cleveland, Sept. 28, on U. S. policy in the Far East, 112–114
    • China questions:
      • American treaty rights and equality of opportunity in occupied China, Japanese interference:
        • Currencies, exchange control, and monopolies, 63, 75–76
        • U. S. representations and requests for Japanese implementation of assurances regarding maintenance of open door and noninterference with American rights, 54, 63, 69, 75–76, 82, 226; Japanese attitude, 55, 59, 61, 62, 89
        • Yangtze River, question of reopening to navigation, 55
      • Bombing by Japanese of civilians and American property in China, 208–210
      • Burma Road, statement by Secretary Hull (July 16) concerning temporary closing, 101
      • Chinese Government at Chungking:
        • Continued U. S. recognition and aid, 60, 94–95, 99, 101; Japanese objections, 59, 62, 80, 93, 94–95
        • Negotiations between Japan and Chiang Kai-shek, exploration by Japanese Foreign Minister of possibility of U. S. good offices, 70
        • Statement declaring Wang Ching-wei regime illegal and treaty with Japan of Nov. 30 invalid, 122–123
      • International settlements in occupied China, U. S. desire for Japanese assurances of respect for integrity of, 80–81
      • Naval vessels and troops of European belligerents. See under European situation, infra.
      • Wang Ching-wei regime:
        • Chinese Government at Chungking, statement declaring Wang Ching-wei regime illegal and treaty of Nov. 30 with Japan invalid, 122–123
        • Japanese views and official statements, 56–57, 60–61, 127
        • Treaty and agreements with Japan, signed Nov. 30: Basic relations, treaty concerning, annexed protocol, and agreed terms of understanding concerning protocol, texts, 117–121; joint declaration by Japan, “Manchukuo”, and Wang Ching-wei regime concerning [Page 811] new order in East Asia, text, 122; statement by Chinese Government at Chungking declaring treaty invalid, 122–123
        • U. S. refusal to recognize: Attitude preliminary to establishment, 53, 54; statement by Secretary Hull, Mar. 30, and comments of Japanese Foreign Office, 59–60, 61–62
    • Commercial relations, U. S.-Japan:
      • Embargoes against Japan, U. S.: Aviation gasoline and manufacturing processes, Japanese protest against nonfulfillment of private contract, and U. S. attitude, 53–54, 54–55, 204–210; scrap iron and steel, 115; total embargo, Japanese views on possible imposition of, 58, 114, 172, 225, 319
      • Remarks by Ambassador Grew, 95–99
      • Treaty, question of conclusion of a new treaty or modus vivendi, 55, 63, 70, 79, 88, 98–99
    • Efforts to restore good relations between the United States and Japan:
      • Admiral Nomura (Appointed Ambassador), addresses at America-Japan Society luncheon, Tokyo (Dec. 19), concerning his mission and Japanese foreign policy in general: Address of Foreign Minister Matsuoka, 123–128; remarks of Admiral Nomura, 128–129; response of Ambassador Grew, 129–130
      • Informal exploratory conversations between Ambassador Grew and Japanese Foreign Minister, continuance of, 53, 62–65, 66, 67–76, 79–80, 81–87, 88–92, 94–100, 105
      • U. S. policy, statement by Under Secretary Welles, June 8, 66–67
      • Views of Foreign Minister Matsuoka on world peace and message to President Roosevelt, July 26, 104–106; informal reply, 108
    • European situation, effect in the Far East:
      • Axis powers, Japanese relations with, 69, 88–89, 95, 126, 126–127; U. S. views, 100, 116
      • Naval vessels and troops of European belligerents in occupied China:
        • Agreement for maintenance of peaceful status quo, 65–66, 80, 87–88; Japanese displeasure at initiative of U. S. commander in securing, 78
        • “Friendly advice” of Japan for withdrawal, note of June 11, 77–78, 78
        • Withdrawal of British forces at Shanghai and Japanese dissent from proposed assignment of British sectors to U. S. and Japanese forces, 111–112, 292
      • Possessions and territories of European belligerents in the Pacific, U. S. proposal for exchange of notes with Japan regarding maintenance of peaceful status quo, 86–87, 88, 98, 100; Japanese non-acceptance, 88, 90, 92
      • Tripartite Pact between Germany, Italy, and Japan (Sept. 27), 116, 126, 126–127
    • Incident of July 7 at Shanghai, correspondence between U. S. and Japanese commanders regarding alleged mistreatment of Japanese gendarmes by U. S. marines, 101–104, 106–108
    • Japanese foreign and national policies: Official statements, 55, 56–59, 92–94, 108–111; relations with the United States, 55, 58–59, 62, 104–105, 126, 127–128, 128–129; war in China and establishment of a new order in East Asia, 55, 56–57, 59, 93–94, 99, 108–111, 113, 116, 125–128; South Seas territories and Southern Asia, 66, 69–70, 93–94, 97–98, 113
    • Southward advance of Japan (see also European situation: Possessions and territories of European belligerents, supra), 66, 69–70, 79, 93–94, 97–98, 113
    • U. S. citizens, advice by Department of State for withdrawal from the Far East, and Japanese concern, 114, 114–115
    • War between the United States and Japan, possibility of: Japanese views, 69–70, 105, 115, 126, 127; U. S. views, 115
  • 1941 (see also Conversations), 131–149
    • Bellicose attitude of Japan:
      • Press campaign against the United States, 146–147
      • Remarks of Foreign Minister Matsuoka, May 14, 145–146, 148
      • Speech by Prime Minister Tojo, Nov. 30, 148–149; by Foreign Minister Togo, Nov. 30, 149
    • China questions: Action toward a peaceful settlement between China and Japan, possibility of, 144; Japanese policy based on a new order in East Asia, 132–133, 133–134, 135, 136, 140–141, 148–149; U. S. aid to China, Japanese objections, 134, 148–149
    • Economic measures by the United States affecting trade with Japan (see also Economic measures: 1941), 139, 142
    • Efforts to restore good relations between the United States and Japan, informal conversations between—
      • Ambassador Grew and Foreign Minister Matsuoka, 143, 145–148
      • Ambassador Steinhardt and Foreign Minister Matsuoka, at Moscow, 143–145
      • American Counselor of Embassy and Japanese Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs, 137–143; approval of Ambassador Grew, 138, 143
      • President Roosevelt, Secretary Hull, and Ambassador Nomura, proposed, 143
    • European situation, attitudes of the United States and Japan (see also Statement by Secretary Hull, infra): Japanese collaboration with Axis powers, and obligations under Tripartite Pact, 134, 135, 141, 145–146; U. S. aid to Great Britain, and Japanese objections, 138–139, 145–146, 147, 148
    • Southward advance of Japan, 132–133, 134, 136, 137–138, 139, 140–141, 142, 144, 146–147, 147, 148
    • Statement by Secretary Hull on U. S. foreign policy and relations with Japan, Jan. 15, 131–133; Japanese criticism and denial of responsibility for crisis, 133–135
    • War between the United States and Japan, possibility of:
      • Japanese attitude, 134, 135, 136, 144, 145, 146; appeal to Japanese in American territory to ignore propaganda designed to prejudice Japanese-American relations, 136–137
      • Report by Ambassador Grew of rumored Japanese plans to attack Pearl Harbor, 133
      • U. S. attitude, 137–138, 138–139, 141–142
• Hull, Cordell (Secretary of State):
  • Letter to the Vice President, Jan. 8, 1938, on U. S. policy in the Far East, cited, 82
  • Statements:
    • July 16, 1937, cited, 512
    • Jan. 15, 1941, 131–133, 329–330; Japanese criticism and denial of responsibility for crisis, 133–135
    • Apr. 24, 1941, 430–432, 449–451
  • Warning to War Council, Nov. 25, 26, 1941, on critical nature of U. S. Japanese relations, 377–378
• Iceland, 284, 508, 532, 683
• Immigration, Japanese, 64, 97, 140, 171, 172, 196–197, 198, 283, 289, 304, 310, 394–395, 409, 424, 426, 453, 464, 764
• Indochina, French. See under Conversations, subjects and under Southward advance of Japan; see also Growing tension: 1939, 1940, 1941: Southward advance of Japan.
• Iron and steel scrap, restrictions on export to Japan. See Economic measures: 1940, 1941.
• Italy. See Axis powers; Growing tension: 1939, 1940, 1941: European situation.
• Konoye, Prince Fumimaro (Prime Minister) (see also Roosevelt-Konoye meeting in the Pacific, proposed): Message to Ambassador Grew upon advent of Tojo cabinet, and reply, 691–692; principles relating to China, 35–36, 39, 56, 70, 333–334, 350, 419, 423, 429–430, 436, 439, 442, 448–449, 459, 460–461
• Kurusu, Saburo. See under Conversations: Oct. 17–Nov. 19; see also Conversations: Nov. 20–Dec. 1, Dec. 2–7.
• Liutiaokow incident (Sept. 18, 1931), 136
• Loans to China, U. S., 59, 222, 326
• Machinery and machine tools, restrictions on export to Japan. See Economic measures: 1940, 1941.
• “Manchukuo”, 122, 132, 186, 329, 334, 409, 423, 428, 429, 461
• Marco Polo Bridge incident (July 7, 1937), 134, 135, 136
• Matsuoka, Yosuke (Foreign Minister):
  • Message to President Roosevelt on world peace, July 26, 1940, 104–106; informal reply, 108
  • Visit to Berlin, Moscow, and Rome (1941), 143–145, 182–186, 311
• Minerals:
  • Restrictions on export to Japan. See Economic measures: 1940, 1941.
  • Tungsten purchases from China under U. S. loan, 222
• Monroe Doctrine, cited, 176, 284, 287–288, 651, 666
• Moral embargo. See Economic measures: 1938–1939.
• National security, radio address by President Roosevelt, Dec. 29, 1940, 173–181
• Netherlands East Indies. See under Conversations, subjects and under Southward advance of Japan; see also Growing tension: 1939, 1940, 1941. Southward advance of Japan.
• Netherlands West Indies, 286
• Neutrality act, 201
• Nomura, Admiral Kichisaburo (Ambassador) (see also Conversations between the Governments of the United States and Japan):
  • Addresses at America-Japan Society luncheon, Tokyo (Dec. 19, 1940) concerning mission of Admiral Nomura and Japanese foreign policy in general: Address of Foreign Minister Matsuoka, 123–128; remarks of Admiral Nomura, 128–129; response of Ambassador Grew, 129–130
  • Conversation with Rear Admiral Turner, Director of War Plans Division of Navy Department, July 20, 1941, on U. S.-Japanese relations, 516–520
• Oil. See Petroleum products.
• Pacific area. See Southward advance of Japan.
• Panama Canal, 263–264
• Peace. See under Conversations, subjects.
• Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Attack by Japan, Dec. 7, 1941, 385, 786n; Japanese apprehensions concerning U. S. fleet at Pearl Harbor, 69–70; rumored Japanese plans for attack on, 133
• Penetration by Japan into Southern Asia and South Pacific territories, extension of. See Southward advance of Japan.
• Petroleum products:
  • Export to Japan:
    • Restrictions, U. S. See Economic measures.
    • U. S. policy in permitting shipments in order to forestall Japanese penetration into Netherlands East Indies, 139, 527–528; statement by President Roosevelt, July 24, 1941, 264–265
  • Shipments to Soviet Union, Japanese objections, 566–567, 568–569, 570, 572, 580, 581–582, 604
• Philippine Islands, 4–5, 64, 144, 261–263, 283, 317, 318, 340, 341, 342, 344, 345, 453, 464, 772
• Red Cross supplies in French Indochina, U. S. representations against refusal of authorities to grant reexport permits, 300
• Roosevelt, Franklin D. (President):
  • Addresses:
    • Dec. 29, 1940, national security and the United States as the arsenal of democracy, 173–181
    • July 24, 1941, remarks on U. S. policy of permitting petroleum shipments to Japan in order to forestall Japanese penetration into Netherlands East Indies, 264–265, 527–528
  • Atlantic conference, 345, 588, 718
  • Meeting with Prime Minister Konoye, proposed. See Roosevelt-Konoye meeting.
  • Message to Congress, Dec. 8, 1941, asking for declaration of existence of a state of war with Japan, 793–794
  • Message to Emperor Hirohito, Dec. 6, 1941, 379, 784–786; reply, 385
  • Proclamations and executive orders relating to export control. See Economic measures: 1940, 1941.
  • Statement, Dec. 2, 1939, concerning moral embargo, 202
• Roosevelt-Konoye meeting in the Pacific, proposed:
  • Advancement of suggestion by Japanese:
    • Discussions, 344, 346–347, 425, 550, 551, 553, 555, 557, 559–564
    • Message from Prime Minister Konoye to President Roosevelt, 346–347, 572–573; President Roosevelt’s reply, 347–348, 591–592
    • U. S. views, 344, 557–559, 571, 591–592
  • Arrangements, discussions: Insistence of the Japanese on necessity of early meeting date, 349, 568, 569, 571, 573, 576, 580–581, 587, 603–604, 605–606, 609, 619, 620, 622, 625, 632, 636, 642–645, 651–654, 679; participation of Japanese army and navy officers, 352, 576, 605, 644, 654; President Roosevelt’s preference for Juneau rather than Honolulu, 571, 572, 576; publicity, question of, 576, 584, 586–587, 592, 594–595, 596, 607
  • Japanese requests for suspension of—
    • Oil shipments to Soviet Union, 568–569, 581; U. S. refusal, 570
    • U. S. economic restrictions, 564, 568–569, 572, 581, 582; U. S. refusal, 604
  • Personal support by Ambassador Grew, 564–565, 645–650
  • Secrecy of plans, Japanese desire for, 346, 351, 560, 564, 569, 579–580, 584, 586, 587, 603–604, 609, 631; U. S. views, 582–583, 586, 607
  • U. S. insistence on reaching prior agreement in principle on fundamental questions: Discussions, 347–348, 352–353, 576–579, 584, 588–592, 607, 625, 654–656, 663, 673; Japanese views, 380–381, 581–582, 626–627, 678, 788; opinion of Ambassador Grew, 645–650
• Scrap iron and steel, U. S. restrictions on export. See Economic measures: 1940, 1941.
• Shanghai incident of July 7, 1940, involving U.S. marines and Japanese gendarmes, 101–104, 106–108
• Shipping:
  • Japanese vessels:
    • Delay in permission for transiting Panama Canal, 263–264
    • Effect of U.S. freezing order of July 26, 1941: Arrangements regarding cargoes and clearance of vessels in American ports, 266, 267–272, 537–538; immunity from court proceedings for vessels requisitioned by Japanese Government, Japanese request and U.S. consent, 272–273
  • U. S. Government-owned vessels, prohibition against transport of arms, ammunition, or implements of war to China or Japan, 201
• Southward advance of Japan (see also under Conversations, subjects and under Growing tension: 1939, 1940, 1941), extension of military penetration into Southern Asia and South Pacific territories, 4–5, 69, 97–98, 113, 139, 142, 144, 264–265, 277–322, 327, 387, 527–528
  • French Indochina (see also under Conversations, subjects), Japanese aggression and interference with American rights and interests:
    • American-owned merchandise, interference with reexport of, and confiscation by French and Japanese authorities, U.S. representations, 298–300, 302, 308, 312–313, 315; Japanese attitude, 301–302, 303, 313–315
    • Demands and ultimatums upon Indochina by Japan:
      • Issuance, 289–290, 290, 291–292, 294, 322
      • U. S. representations, 289–290, 291–292, 293, 294–295, 296–297; Japanese attitude and replies, 290, 292–293, 293–294, 295–296
    • Mediation by Japan of boundary dispute between Indochina and Thailand, 142, 144, 306
    • Treaties between Japanese and Vichy governments:
      • Aug. 30, 1940, 295–296, 309, 318
      • July 21, 1941, regarding joint protection of Indochina: Japanese views, 317, 318, 318–320, 320; U. S. attitude, 317–318, 320, 320–321
  • Netherlands East Indies (see also under Conversations, subjects):
    • Economic arrangements with Japan:
      • Export by Japan to Germany of Netherlands East Indies raw materials in exchange for war planes, proposed, 311
      • Negotiations regarding Japanese trade, enterprises, and immigration, 97–98, 142, 289, 304, 305, 306, 307, 319, 327; obstructive attitude of Netherlands, 304, 305, 307
      • Oil export agreement, Nov. 12, 1940, 297–298, 306
    • Intervention by France or Great Britain, Japanese attitude, 287
    • Maintenance of the status quo, statements and declarations concerning:
      • Japanese assurances, 281, 287, 288; action in Japan and statements of a contradictory nature, 287, 288, 303–307
      • Secretary Hull, views, 113, 281–282, 283–284, 285, 287, 290, 291, 315–317
    • Petroleum shipments to Japan by the United States in order to forestall Japanese penetration into the Netherlands East Indies: Discussions, 139, 527–528; statement by President Roosevelt, July 24, 1941, 264–265
  • Oceania, Japanese policy, 309–310
  • Singapore, Japanese attitude: Apprehension of British defensive measures, 308–309; denial of rumored intention to attack, 311
  • Spratly (Sinnan) Islands group, annexation by Japan, Mar. 30, 1939, and refusal to acknowledge French claim, 4–5, 277–280; U. S. attitude, 280–281, 387
  • Thailand (see also Conversations, subjects: French Indochina and Thailand): Mediation by Japan of boundary dispute between French Indochina and Thailand, 142, 144, 306; nonaggression agreement with Japan, June 12, 1940, 69, 301
• Spratly (Sinnan) Islands group, annexation by Japan, Mar. 30, 1939, and refusal to acknowledge French claim, 4–5, 277–280; U. S. attitude, 280–281, 387
• Thailand. See under Southward advance of Japan.
• Tojo, General Hideki (Prime Minister), speech, Nov. 30, 1941, 376–377, 772–774, 777–778
• Trade. See Economic questions.
• Treaties, agreements, etc.
  • Anti-Comintern Pact. See under Axis powers.
  • Commercial treaty, U. S.-Japan (1911). See Commercial treaty.
  • Franco-Japanese agreement respecting integrity of China (1907), cited, 296
  • French Indochina, Japanese treaties with Vichy government concerning. See Southward advance of Japan: French Indochina: Treaties.
  • Nonaggression agreements. See under Conversations, subjects; under Southward advance of Japan: Thailand; and under Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
  • Tripartite Pact. See under Axis powers.
  • Wang Ching-wei regime-Japan. See Growing tension: 1940: Wang Ching-wei regime: Treaty.
  • Washington Conference treaties relating to China, cited, 55, 132, 329, 754, 764, 791
• Tripartite Pact. See under Axis powers.
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (see also under Conversations, subjects):
  • Anglo-SoViet military alliance, Japanese apprehension over possibility of, 2
  • Anti-Comintern Pact, not directed against, 157
  • Attack by Germany, U. S. confidential information to Soviet Ambassador, 328
  • Nonaggression agreement with—
    • Germany (Aug. 23, 1939), cited, 38, 44, 116, 325, 515, 744
    • Japan (Apr. 14, 1941): Cited, 406, 515, 567, 568, 569, 575, 581, 733; preliminaries, 135, 170, 185, 325; signature at Moscow and issuance of declaration concerning integrity of “Manchukuo” border, 186
  • Tripartite Pact, not directed against, 167
• Universal Oil Co. contract, Japanese protests against breach of, and U. S. attitude, 53–54, 54–55, 204–210
• U. S. citizens in the Far East, advice by Department of State for withdrawal (1940), and Japanese concern, 114, 114–115
• U. S. Congress, declaration of a state of war with Japan: Message from President Roosevelt, Dec. 8, 1941, 793–794; text of joint resolution, Dec. 8, 795
• U. S. foreign policy:
  • Attitude toward aggression: Aid to countries resisting aggression, 138–139, 348, 366, 368, 427, 429, 431, 505, 558, 567, 612, 754–755, 775, 791; general, 116, 173–181, 404–405, 414, 415, 430–432, 449–451, 465, 483, 510, 515, 519, 524, 530, 741, 752–753, 754–755
  • Good-neighbor policy, 395, 397, 404, 408, 414, 437, 482, 508
  • Japan. See Axis powers, relations of Japan; Commercial treaty between the United States and Japan, U. S. abrogation; Conversations; Economic measures by the United States affecting trade with Japan; Growing tension; Southward advance of Japan.
  • Principles of international relations, 25–27, 113, 131–132, 190–192, 282, 332, 349–350, 372, 373, 390–391, 390–397, 404, 407–409, 414, 417–418, 512, 538–539, 541–546, 566, 590, 658, 734–736, 766–767, 782
  • Self-defense, 337, 338, 339, 354–355, 413, 414, 418, 425–426, 427, 429, 430–432, 433, 438–439, 440, 449–451, 452, 456–459, 465, 469, 478–479, 483, 485, 505, 508, 509–510, 515–516, 519, 602, 674, 683, 714, 715, 741, 752
  • Statements by–
    • President Roosevelt: Dec. 2, 1939, 202; Dec. 29, 1940, 173–181; July 24, 1941, 264–265
    • Secretary Hull: July 16, 1937, 512; Jan. 8, 1938, 82; Jan. 15, 1941, 131–133, 329–330; Apr. 24, 1941, 430–432, 449–451
    • Under Secretary Welles: June 8, 1940, 66–67; Sept 28, 1940, 112–114; July 24, 1941, 315–317, 341; Aug. 2, 1941, 320–321
• U. S. marines in Shanghai, conflict with Japanese gendarmes, July 7, 1940, 101–104, 106–108
• Vichy government. See Southward advance of Japan: French Indochina: Treaties.
• Wang Ching-wei regime (see also under Growing tension: 1939, 1940: China questions), 334, 350–351, 384, 391, 393, 439, 460, 481, 765, 791–792
• War between Japan and the United States. See under Conversations: Dec. 2–7; under Conversations, subjects; and under Growing tension: 1940, 1941.
• Welles, Sumner (Under Secretary of State):
  • Address at Cleveland, Sept. 28, 1940, on U. S. policy in the Far East, 112–114
  • Statements to the press: June 8, 1940, cited, 66–67; July 24, 1941, 315–317, 341; Aug. 2, 1941, 320–321
• Western Hemisphere ports, equality of access for all nations, 18, 287–288, 414, 689