Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United
States, Japan, 1931–1941, Volume I
Index
- Alliances or involvement, U. S. policy, 449–450, 457
- America-Japan Trust, 558–559, 562–563
- American capital invested in China, 430–431, 434
- American treaty rights and equality of commercial opportunity
in occupied China, Japanese interference with, 606, 609–610, 613–615, 757–924
- 1937–1938, 606, 609–610, 613,
614, 615, 757–826
- Currency exchange control in North China:
- Customs tariff, alterations in. See
Interference with American trade,
infra.
- Economic “bloc” between Japan, China, and “Manchukuo,”
Japanese statements concerning, 803, 815, 816–818
- Extraterritoriality, U. S. reservation of rights and
Japanese attitude, 609–610, 615
- Interference with American trade and
establishment of monopolies by Japan:
- Reports concerning, 771–774
- U. S. representations concerning, 614, 783–784, 784, 785, 787–788, 790; Japanese attitude, 606, 798–799, 815–816
- Missionaries and mission property. See
Occupation of American property,
infra.
- Monopolies. See
Interference with American trade,
supra.
- Navigation of the Yangtze River, Japanese restrictions,
757, 760–761, 772, 789, 795–796; U. S. representations and
reservation of rights, 757–758, 760, 761, 791–792, 793–795, 810, 812
- Occupation of American property by Japanese
forces:
- Evacuation and restoration of certain properties
by the Japanese, 767–768, 775, 779
- Return of American citizens to interior points in
China:
- University of Shanghai, U. S. representations for
return to its owners, 613, 764–765, 768, 777–778, 779–781;
Japanese attitude, 768,
774–775, 778
- Restrictions imposed by Japanese Army in Nanking, 761–762; in Shanghai, 758–760, 769–771
- U. S. requests for Japanese implementation of assurances
regarding maintenance of open door and non-interference with
American rights, 781, 782–791, 805, 806–807, 808–811, 819, 820, 820–826; Japanese policy, based on establishment of a
“new order” in East Asia, 781–782, 792–793, 797–805, 805–806, 807–808, 813–819, 819–820
- Violation of property and other rights (see also
Occupation of American property,
supra), 784, 789, 790
- 1939, 827–859
- Anti-foreign propaganda by the Japanese: Discussions and
U. S. statement of incidents involving anti-American
demonstrations, 851, 854–857; Japanese position, 853–854
- Commercial traffic on the Yangtze River, interruption of,
836–837
- International Settlements:
- Contentions of Japan as to rights in
administration of, 845–846; U. S.
views, 846–848
- Disorders in Settlement at Amoy, U. S. naval
detachment for protection of American citizens, 845, 857
- Proposal of Japan for revision of land regulations
and changes in administration of Settlement at
Shanghai, 838–841; U. S. attitude, 841, 842–844, 846–848
- Movements of American citizens in China,
interference with, 835–837; cases cited, 835–836
- Occupation of Hainan Island by Japanese forces, 830–831
- Railways, Japanese control of: Claims of
American firms against the Peiping-Suiyuan Railway, U. S.
representations concerning, 849–851;
consolidation of transportation facilities in North China
and “Meng Chiang,” 834, 851
- Trade restrictions, U. S. representations against, 831–832, 848–849; Japanese position, 833
- U. S. policy concerning equality of opportunity and
protection of American rights and interests: Address of
Under Secretary of State, Jan. 27,
828–830; discussions concerning, 827–828, 852–853, 857–859
- 1940, 860–900
- American export trade, U. S. representations against
discriminatory measures including control of shipment of raw
materials for light industries in North China, 883–884, 889–892; Japanese policy, 895–896, 897, 898
- American trade in petroleum products, interference with,
U. S. representations, 860, 872–876; Japanese attitude, 899–900
- Anti-American agitation, U. S. protests and
citation of incidents, 862–864, 865, 881–883; Japanese observations, 864–865, 865–866, 868–871, 877–878, 897, 898–899
- Chinese courts in French Concession at Shanghai, U. S.
regret over Japanese alteration of status without consent of
Chinese Government at Chungking, 892–893; Japanese
attitude 893–894
- Currency exchange control system in North China and other
economic restrictions, U. S. representations, 861–862, 881, 884; Japanese position, 866–868, 871, 884–889, 898
- Terrorism in Shanghai (see also
Anti-American agitation, supra): Incident of July 7, 863, 877–878, 882, 896; reports and discussions,
863–864, 869–871, 881–882
- U. S. policy of assistance to victims of aggression, 878–881
- 1941, 901–924
- American petroleum trade in Canton area, U. S.
representations against restrictions, 904–905
- Conversation between U. S. Ambassador and Japanese
official concerning difficulties of U. S. interests in
occupied China, 901–904
- Mail censorship and delays, 906, 909, 917, 919, 920, 923
- Missionaries, restrictions on, 909–910, 915, 921, 922
- Occupation of properties of American firms by Japanese
forces, U. S. representations, 906–907, 909; Japanese position, 919, 921
- Police action, picketing, and similar interferences, 915–916, 917
- Travel of Americans, U. S. protests against
restrictions, 906, 908–909, 912, 913, 916, 924; Japanese
attitude, 918, 921, 922
- U. S. citation of cases of interference with American
rights, and representations concerning, 907–912, 913–917, 922–923, 924; Japanese position, 912–913, 917–921, 921–922, 923–924
- Anti-Comintern Agreement, Japan–Germany–Italy, 439, 444, 480, 482, 811, 851–852
- Anti-foreign and anti-American agitation by the Japanese in China. See under
American treaty rights: 1939, 1940.
- Anti-Japanese activities in China, Japanese contentions regarding, 15–16, 29, 164, 186, 329, 330, 361, 364, 366, 367–368, 400, 435, 441, 465, 477, 840–841
- Armament limitation. See
Limitation of naval armament.
- Arms and ammunition, attitude of Japan toward supply of arms to China by
third countries, 447–448
- Aviation, Japanese attacks on commercial airplanes, 619–620, 700–702, 703, 705–706
- Blockade by Japan against Chinese shipping along coast of China, 371–372, 389
- Bombings of civilians by the Japanese and other acts
endangering the life and welfare of U. S. citizens in China, 487–726, 807, 810–811
- 1937, situation in Nanking
and Shanghai areas, 487–563
- Bombing of Nanking:
- Bombing of Soochow, Japanese warning and U. S. efforts to
prevent, 516
- Incidents at Shanghai:
- Attacks on American nationals, 513; Japanese expression of
regret, 513
- Bombs dropped in International Settlement, U. S.
representations, 512,
515; Japanese
position, 513–514, 515–516
- Neutral vessels at Shanghai, danger from gunfire
of opposing forces, 487–488
- Information regarding American properties in China, U. S.
Japanese discussions concerning, 488–489, 508, 509–511
- League of Nations Advisory Committee on
China, resolution adopted Sept. 27,
506; U. S. concurrence, 506
- Representations by U. S., British, French,
Italian, and German Ambassadors with regard to—
- Attacks upon defenseless cities, hospitals,
trains, etc., 491
- Bombing operations in specified area of Nanking,
489, 494; Japanese attitude,
489–490
- Hankow–Canton railway, 490–491, 491–492; Japanese attitude, 495, 500
- U. S. representations (see also
Bombing of Nanking
and
Incidents at Shanghai, supra; also
U. S. S. Panay, infra):
- Protest against attacks on American nationals and
their property, 498–499, 500
- Request for arrangements by Chinese and Japanese
forces to preserve safety of foreign areas in
Shanghai, 495–496; Japanese reply, 496–497
- Request for discontinuance of bombing operations
over Nanking which endanger civilian life and
property, 492–495; Japanese position,
497–498
- Reservation of rights concerning American life and
property, 490, 497, 505, 510;
Japanese attitude, 492,
507
- U. S. S. Panay and
other ships, bombing and sinking, Dec.
12, 517–563, 616–617
- British and Chinese assistance in rescuing
survivors, 538–540, 545, 546
- Details: Account of events from Nov. 21 to Dec. 10,
517–519; press release of
Department of State, Dec. 13,
521; report on the
bombing and sinking, 532–541;
statements of Japanese Ambassador and reports of
Japanese naval authorities, 522, 525, 529, 531–532
- Donations of cash by Japanese citizens for
American victims: Efforts of U. S. Ambassador in
Japan to determine suitable means of disposal of
contributions, 528, 530, 553–558;
establishment of the America-Japan Trust, 558–559, 562–563
- Indemnifications by Japanese Government, 559, 560–562, 563
- Investigation by Japanese naval and military
officers, 531–532, 547–548
- Measures of Japanese naval authorities to prevent
similar incidents, 526–527, 552–553
- Punishment of Japanese naval officers, 550, 560
- Regrets and apologies of Japanese Government. See
U. S. representations, infra.
- Salvaging of Standard Oil Co. vessels by Japan for
scrap metal, 616–617
- U. S. Naval Court of Inquiry: Opinion, 546–547; report of findings, 541–546
- U. S. representations:
- Preliminary and oral, 519–520, 522–523, 525, 527, 528–529, 529–530; Japanese regrets and apologies, 521–522, 526–527, 529
- Formal protests, 523–524, 525–526, 551–552; Japanese replies and
U. S. acceptance, 524–525, 549–552
- 1938, depredation of American
property by Japanese forces, and interferences with American rights,
564–641,
807, 810–811
- American ships: Boarding of merchant ships by Japanese,
591–593, 594; U. S. naval
vessels, question of movements of, 597–599, 600–601, 626–627
- Attack on commercial airplane, U. S. representations, 619–620
- Desecration of American flag, 566–567, 568, 577, 582, 583
- Informal representations by U. S. Ambassador along general
lines, 605, 611–619; observations of Japanese Foreign Minister,
605–611
- Looting of American property by Japanese troops (see also
Missionaries and mission property,
infra):
- Measures of precaution recommended by Japan for protection
of Americans (see also
Situation at Hankow, infra):
- Information regarding movements of foreign
vessels, Japanese desire for, 597–599, 600; U. S. position, 600–601, 626–627
- Marking of property and other precautions,
Japanese requests, 576,
583–584, 585–586, 602–603, 623–624, 628–629; U. S.
compliance, with reservation of rights, 564, 579, 586–587, 603–604, 625–626
- Missionaries and mission property:
- Bombing of mission property (see
also
Lutheran Brethren Mission,
infra), U. S. representations, 590–591, 593, 594–595, 604–605, 611–612, 619, 630–632, 807, 810–811;
Japanese position, 633–641
- Lutheran Brethren Mission property,
U. S. protest against bombing and resultant death of
an American national, 627–628, 631; Japanese expression of
regret and offer of solatium, 632, 632–633, 641
- Nyhus case. See
Lutheran Brethren Mission,
supra.
- Occupation and looting of mission property by
Japanese soldiers, reports and U. S.
representations, 569–570, 578–579, 585, 588, 597; Japanese attitude and offer of
indemnification, 589
- University of Shanghai, occupation and looting of,
585
- Situation at—
- Hangchow, 564, 570, 578, 581
- Hankow: Japanese desire for
precautionary measures for safety of citizens of
third countries, 620–622, 624–625, 629–630; U. S. reservation of
rights, 599, 622, 626–627
- Nanking, 570–573, 580, 583
- Shanghai, 569–570
- Soochow, 564, 570, 578
- Slapping of U. S. diplomatic officer by Japanese soldier,
572–575
- U. S. policy toward bombing of civilian populations, 595–597, 612–613; Japanese position, 601–602
- 1939–1940, indiscriminate
bombings and continued disregard by Japanese military forces of
American lives and property in China, 642–706
- Chungking, air raids endangering U. S.
Embassy staff and other Americans and American property:
- Bombing of Haiphong-Yunnanfu Railway, U. S.
protest based on use of railway by U. S. official
personnel, 674, 678; Japanese attitude,
677–678
- Damage to American firm, 699–700
- Methodist Episcopal Mission property, U. S.
protest concerning destruction of, 695–697
- Opinion of U. S. Ambassador in China regarding air
raids on Chungking, 661–662
- Reports concerning, 654, 655, 661–662, 690, 699
- Request by Japan for U. S. evacuation of American
nationals to safe place during bombing, 691, 694–695; U. S.
attitude, 693
- U. S. protests, 654–655, 655–657, 660, 662, 665–666, 674, 678, 691–693, 699–700;
Japanese contentions, 656, 660–661, 665, 666, 667–669
- Claims for damages: Cases pending, statement
of Japanese Foreign Minister, 674–675; discussions
concerning, 671–673; negotiations between
American claimants and Japanese authorities for local
settlement, summary of developments, 682–690; solatium
offers of Japanese Government, 650, 664, 671, 676, 682–683, 684–685, 688, 689
- Hanoi incident, use of force against
American Vice Consul and United Press correspondent, 703–705
- Kunming (Yunnanfu), bombing of:
- Attacks on commercial planes; U. S.
representations, 700–702, 703; Japanese explanation
and attitude, 705–706
- Danger to American Consulate, 698
- Missionaries and mission property: Cases
cited, 644–645, 651, 653; property of Lutheran
Brethren Mission, U. S. representations and Japanese
attitude, 644, 651, 662–664, 670–671, 676–677; property of Methodist
Episcopal Mission, U. S. protest concerning renewed attack
and destruction of, 695–697
- Tientsin, Japanese restrictive measures
against nationals of third countries, 642, 652, 669–670, 678–681, 690
- U. S. representations (see also
Chungking, Hanoi incident, Kunming, Missionaries, and
Tientsin, supra), 642–643, 643–648, 650–651, 653, 659–660, 671, 697–698, 702, 702–703; Japanese position, 643, 646, 649–650, 653, 702
- 1941, continued bombings and
interference with American rights, 707–726, 902–903, 908
- Chungking, bombing of. See
Mission property, U. S. Embassy property, and
U. S. S. Tutuila, infra.
- Kunming (Yunnanfu), repeated bombing of, U. S.
representations regarding danger to American Consulate, 710–713
- Marine-Gendarme incident of Dec. 30,
1940, in Peiping, 707–709
- Mission property, Methodist Episcopal, U. S.
representations concerning bombing and serious damage, 713–715
- U. S. Embassy property, U. S. protest over
damages to, 715–716, 718–719; Japanese
explanation, 717
- U. S. S. Tutuila:
- Damages sustained in attack of July 30: Details of bombing, 719; indemnification by
Japanese Government, 722, 723–724, 726; U. S. representations and Japanese
expressions of regret, 719–723
- Japanese pledge of July 31
to suspend bombing operations over Chungking, U.
S.-Japanese discussions concerning, 722, 723–726, 908
- Japanese request for removal to a zone of safety,
following danger from bombing of June 15, 716,
717–718; U. S. attitude, 718, 721
- Boxer Protocol of 1901, 384–385, 389, 390
- Chiang Kai-shek, Japanese attitude toward, 170, 198–199,
317, 340, 360, 403, 414, 416, 434–435, 448, 465, 468, 476, 479–480, 677, 694, 695, 812, 814, 820, 831
- “China incident.” See
Undeclared war in China.
- China National Aviation Corp., Japanese attacks on planes of, 620, 700–702, 703, 705–706
- Chinese Maritime Customs (see also
under
Occupation of Manchuria), U. S. protests and
representations to Japan with respect to integrity of, 614, 729–754
- Canton Maritime Customs, seizure by Japanese authorities, 747, 747–748; Japanese contention, 747
- Discrimination by Japan in importations to China
from Japan duty free, 736, 737, 739–740
- General interest of U. S. Government in preservation of integrity
of customs and in safeguarding of revenues for service of foreign
loans and indemnity quotas, 614, 729, 731,
734–736,
736, 738, 740–741, 743–744, 746–747; Japanese position, 729, 744
- Peiping provisional regime, revision of certain customs rates,
738–739;
Japanese position, 742–743
- Position of Inspector General of Chinese Maritime Customs under
new regime at Nanking, 750; Japanese
attitude, 751
- Shanghai:
- Collection of customs duties, Japanese dictation of
currencies to be used, 749;
Japanese views, 751–753
- Consolidated Tax Office in International Settlement, U. S.
reservation of rights with respect to, 738
- Detention of bullion shipment at Shanghai, 745–746
- Failure of Japanese vessels to pay tonnage dues, 739–740
- Proposed changes in organization of customs, 730, 732, 733–734; Japanese attitude, 731, 732–733
- Swatow Maritime Customs:
- Action by Swatow Rehabilitation Commission, 753–754
- Occupation of premises by Japanese military forces, 748–749; Japanese attitude, 750–751, 753
- Tientsin, customs situation, 729, 737
- Chinese Salt Administration, U. S. reservation in regard to
American rights and interests, 614, 729, 741–742, 745; Japanese
attitude, 729, 745
- Chungking (see also under
Bombings of civilians: 1939–1940, 1941): Chinese National Government, removal
to, 417; U. S. Embassy staff, removal to, 470
- Claims of United States and of U. S. citizens against Japanese Government.
See the following under
Bombings of civilians: 1937: U. S. S. Panay; 1938: Missionaries and
mission property; 1939–40:
Claims; 1941:
U. S. S. Tutuila.
- Commissions and committees of the League of Nations:
- Currency exchange control in North China. See under
American treaty rights: 1937–1938, 1940.
- Davis, Norman H.:
- Address and statement at Nine-Power Conference at Brussels (1937), 404–410
- Speech delivered at London naval conversations of 1934, 269–271; at London Naval Conference of 1935, 281–284
- Discrimination. See
American treaty rights; Political and economic penetration by Japan into China; also under
Chinese Maritime Customs; Occupation of Manchuria.
- Economic and political penetration by Japan into China, 1934–1936. See
Political and economic penetration.
- Economic “bloc” between Japan, China, and “Manchukuo,” 803, 815, 816–818, 859, 888–889
- Equality of commercial opportunity. See
American treaty rights; Chinese
Maritime Customs: Discrimination; Occupation of Manchuria: Discrimination against foreign commercial interests; Political and economic penetration by Japan into
China.
- European situation, 666–667, 837–838, 852
- Extraterritorial rights in China: Japanese statement concerning, 609–610; U. S.
statements of policy, 610, 615, 824–826, 927, 929–930
- France (see also
Bombings of civilians: 1937:
Representations; Limitation of
naval armament: Reciprocal exchange,
etc.; Military action by Japan at Shanghai:
Representations; Occupation of Manchuria: Action by Japanese
armed forces: Representations; Undeclared war in China: 1937:
Situation at Shanghai): Agreement between Vichy
government and Japan, Aug. 30, 1940, 879; French Indochina, Japanese aggression, 878–881
- Germany (see also
Bombings of civilians: 1937:
Representations; Undeclared
war in China: 1937:
Situation at Shanghai): Anti-Comintern Agreement,
Japan-Germany-Italy, 439, 444, 480, 482, 811, 851–852; good offices to bring about
peace negotiations between Japan and China (1938),
434–435, 438, 441–442; relations with Japan, 444, 466, 468, 480–481
- Good-neighbor policy of United States, 232
- Great Britain (see also
Bombings of civilians: 1937:
Representations; Limitation of
naval armament; Military action by Japan at
Shanghai: Representations; Occupation of Manchuria: Action
of Japanese armed forces: Representations; Undeclared war in
China: 1937;
Undeclared war in China: 1938:
Mediation): British assistance in rescuing
survivors of U. S. S. Panay, 538–540, 545, 546; relations with Japan, 444, 466; U. S.
policy of assistance against German aggression, 880
- Gun caliber for battleships, refusal by Japan to agree to limitation in
accordance with art. 4 of London Naval Treaty of 1936, 298–302
- Hague Convention of 1907, 389
- Hull, Cordell:
- Addresses and statements regarding Far Eastern situation and U. S.
foreign policy:
- Letter to Chairman of Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 449–450
- Letters concerning Far Eastern situation and protection of U. S.
citizens: To Chairman of House Committee on Foreign Affairs, 423–426; to
Senator William H. Smathers, 426–428
- Statement concerning—
- “Autonomy movement” in North China (1935), 240–241
- Extraterritorial rights in China, U. S. policy, 929–930
- Japanese denunciation of Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, 275–276
- Indochina, French, Japanese aggression in, 878–881
- Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace, Buenos Aires (1936), 331, 473
- Internal situation in Japan (1932–1933),
observations of U. S. Ambassador regarding trend of national temper and
military preparations, 99–100, 102, 110–111
- Internationalism and isolationism, remarks of President Roosevelt, 381–382; of Secretary
of State Hull, 455–456, 461–462
- Italy (see also
Bombings of civilians: 1937: Representations; Military action by Japan at
Shanghai: Representations; Occupation of Manchuria: Action
by Japanese armed forces: Representations; Undeclared war in
China: 1937: Situation at Shanghai): Anti-Comintern Agreement,
Japan-Germany-Italy, 439, 444, 480, 482, 811, 851–852; recognition of state of
“Manchukuo,” 442–443; relations with Japan, 444, 466, 468
- Johnson, Nelson T., opinion concerning Japanese air raids on Chungking,
661–662
- Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 5, 7, 8, 26, 27, 28, 31, 45, 76, 77, 94, 174, 213, 375, 380, 382–383, 389, 390, 394, 397, 399, 405, 410–411
- League of Nations (see also
Military action by Japan at Shanghai: Cessation of hostilities: Conference; also under
Bombings of civilians: 1937; Occupation of
Manchuria; Undeclared war in China: 1937): Economic sanctions,
802; withdrawal of Japan, 224, 229, 236
- Limitation of naval armament, abandonment by Japan of
cooperation with other powers, 249–309
- Denunciation by Japan of Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. See under
London naval conversations of 1934, infra.
- Desire of Japan for revision of naval ratios in favor of Japan,
reports concerning (1933), 249–253
- Gun caliber for battleships, refusal by Japan to agree to
limitation in accordance with art. 4 of
London Naval Treaty of 1936, 298–302
- London Naval Conference of 1935, 277–297
- British invitation: Outline of Japanese attitude and
policy at time of acceptance, 279–281; text, 278–279
- Deadlock over Japanese insistence on “common
upper limit” and U. S. position based on ratio system as
only fair basis for “equality of security”:
- Conversations between American and Japanese
delegations, 285–289
- Discussions between American and British
delegations as to future procedure, 289–290
- Opening speeches of American delegation, 281–284; of Japanese delegation, 284–285
- Withdrawal of Japan from conference: Information
concerning Japanese position, and British attitude
thereto, 290–294; notification of
withdrawal, 297; press
communiqué, 296–297; U. S. final statement,
294–296
- Outline of Japanese attitude and policy at time of
acceptance of invitation to conference, 279–281
- U. S. attitude as to desirability of conference, response
to Japanese inquiry, 277–278
- Withdrawal of Japan. See under
Deadlock, supra.
- London naval conversations of 1934 (United States, Great Britain, Japan), disagreement
between Japanese delegation and U. S. and British delegations, 249–276
- Adjournment of conversations, communiqué, 271–273
- Denunciation by Japan of Washington Naval
Treaty of 1922:
- Announcement of intention, 253–254, 258
- British-American exploration of possible courses
of action in view of impending denunciation, 260–263, 264–267; Japanese views
regarding British suggestions, 267–268
- Notification to United States, and U. S.
transmittal to other powers, 273–275
- Statement by U. S. Secretary of State, 275–276
- U. S. expectation of adjournment of conversations
following denunciation, 268–269
- Desire of Japan for “common upper limit” versus U. S.
position in favor of continuance of existing system of
armament limitation, 254–257, 263; British concurrence in U. S. position, 257–260, 263–264
- Speech by Norman H. Davis, 269–271
- Naval visits of courtesy to U. S. ships on a reciprocal basis into
certain territorial waters, refusal by Japan to grant privilege of,
307–309
- Reciprocal exchange of naval construction
information, rejection by Japan of American, British, and French
proposals, 303–306
- London Naval Conference of 1935. See under
Limitation of naval armament.
- London naval conversations of 1934. See under
Limitation of naval armament
- London Naval Treaty of 1936, Japanese refusal to
agree to limitation of gun caliber for battleships in accordance with art. 4 of, 298–302
- Mail censorship by Japan in occupied China, 906, 909, 917, 919, 920, 923
- Manchuria (see also
Occupation of Manchuria by Japan):
- Economic “bloc” between Japan, China, and “Manchukuo,” 803, 815,
816–818,
859, 888–889
- Recognition of state of “Manchukuo,” question of (see also under
Occupation of Manchuria): Discussions,
94–95,
96–98,
215; Japanese desire for recognition
by China, 341, 360, 482; recognition by
Italy and by the Franco government of Spain, 442–443
- Relations with Japan, 442
- Trade statistics, 807–808, 818
- Marco Polo Bridge incident. See
Undeclared war in China: 1937: Incident at Marco
Polo Bridge.
- Maritime Customs. See
Chinese Maritime Customs.
- Military action by Japan at Shanghai, 1932, 161–220
- Account of events leading to Japanese action: Information in
possession of United States, 161–162, 165,
166; Japanese version, 167–168, 169–170, 186–188
- American interests, U. S. representations against possible injury
to (see also
Representations, infra), 163; Japanese
assurances of noninterference, 164, 171
- Anti-Japanese agitation in China, Japanese contentions regarding,
164, 186
- Cessation of hostilities (see also
under
Representations, infra):
- Agreement between China and Japan, May
5, text, 217–220
- Conference of representatives of China,
Japan, and other interested powers, proposed by League of
Nations:
- Agreement between China and Japan, signed May 5, text, 217–220
- Japanese position regarding League proposal, 206–208; declaration of cessation of
hostilities, 207–208
- Negotiations, discussions concerning progress of,
214–216
- Plan as set forth by the League: Proposals at
meeting of Feb. 29, 203–204; resolutions of Mar.
4 and Mar. 11, 209, 210–212
- U. S. position with regard to League proposal:
Cooperation with League, 204, 206–207, 209–210, 213; disapproval of
Japanese military attack following acceptance of
League proposal, 205–207, 208
- Plan suggested by Japanese Foreign Office: Cooperation of
United States and other powers for solution on basis of
plan, 184–185, 189–190; information concerning, 183–184, 184, 191; non-cooperation of the
Japanese, U. S. attitude, 191–192, 196–197
- Ultimatum of Japanese Government to China, 196, 197, 202
- International Settlement. See
Representations, infra.
- League of Nations, efforts for restoration of peace. See
Cessation of hostilities: Conference, supra.
- Naval vessels, Japanese: Concentration of ships in Shanghai area,
173; warships at Nanking, 173, 175,
189
- Representations by United States and other powers
concerning—
- Cessation of hostilities:
- Identic proposal to Japan and China,
based on Japanese request for U. S. good offices,
174–175; Japanese refusal to
accept proposal, and U. S. maintenance of position,
175, 176, 178–179, 180–183
- Oral representations, 197; Japanese attitude, 197
- Use of International Settlement as base of attack against
the Chinese, 171, 172, 179–180, 192–193, 194–196; Japanese position, 172, 198
- Use of military force in or near International Settlement:
- Communications to Japanese Government, 161–163, 165–166, 166–167, 200–201; Japanese plea of self-defense, and
assurance of non-interference [Page 941] with rights or
interests of any foreign power, 164, 166, 169–171, 187–188, 193–194, 198, 201–202, 205
- Request of Japanese Government for U. S. good
offices against bringing up of reenforcements by the
Chinese (see also
Cessation of hostilities:
Identic proposal, supra), 170–171, 173
- Shanghai Defense Committee, 172–173, 179
- Troop movements, Japanese, 177–178, 181,
184, 188, 192–193, 194, 195, 198,
201
- U. S. naval vessels, dispatch to Shanghai as precautionary
measure, 168–169
- U. S. public opinion, 202
- Military element in Japan, apparent conflict with policies of civilian arm
of Government, 4, 10,
23, 38–39, 43–44, 110, 116, 199–200, 216, 501
- Missionaries and mission property in China. See
American treaty rights: 1937–1938:
Occupation of American property; also under
American treaty rights: 1941;
and under
Bombings of civilians: 1938, 1939–1940, 1941.
- Monopolies. See
American treaty rights: 1937–1938:
Interference with American trade; American treaty rights: 1939:
Railways; Occupation of
Manchuria: Discrimination: Oil monopoly.
- Most-favored-nation policy of United States, 859
- Nakamura case, 2, 3
- Nanking (see also
Bombings of civilians: 1937), 173,
175, 189, 570–573, 580, 583, 750, 761–762
- National defense, remarks of Secretary of State Hull, 456–457
- Naval armament. See
Limitation of naval armament.
- Neutrality legislation of United States, U. S. policy in connection with
Far Eastern situation, 425, 457–458, 511
- Nine-Power Conference at Brussels. See under
Undeclared war in China: 1937.
- Nine-Power Treaty of 1922, 7, 45, 80–87, 94,
98, 195, 215, 227, 375, 382–383, 389, 390, 394, 397, 399, 405, 407, 410–411, 417–418, 419, 420, 421–422, 829
- North China Transportation Co., 834, 851
- Occupation and looting of American properties in China by Japanese forces.
See
Bombings of civilians: 1938;
also under
American treaty rights: 1937–1938, 1941.
- Occupation of Manchuria by Japan, 1931, and establishment of puppet state of “Manchukuo,” 1–157, 178, 180, 190, 194–195, 785–786
- Action by Japanese armed forces:
- Chinese appeals to United States under Kellogg-Briand
Pact, 4, 8–9
- Details of military events:
- Incidents of Sept. 18–21,
1931, 1–4, 11–12
- Situation at—
- Chinchow: Bombing by Japanese planes, 17, 19; military operations in vicinity of,
49, 51, 53, 65, 68–69
- Jehol, 112
- Shanhaikwan, 107–108
- Withdrawal of Chinese forces from Manchuria, Dec. 29, 1931, 75
- Direct negotiations between China and Japan, proposed:
- Japanese proposals and insistence on certain
demands, 19, 21, 22, 24, 28–29
- Neutral observers, position of Japan concerning
(see also
League of Nations: Commission of Enquiry, infra), 24–26
- Resolution and attitude of League of Nations
Council, 29–30, 32–33
- U. S. attitude, 27,
37
- Japanese protests against anti-Japanese activities in
China, 14–16, 29
- Japanese statements issued Sept. 24,
1931, 11–12; Dec. 27,
1931, 72–75
- Neutral investigating committee. See
League of Nations: Commission of Enquiry, infra.
- Representations of France, Great Britain,
and Italy, 21–23, 31,
65–66
- Termination of Chinese administration in Manchuria, upon
withdrawal of Chinese forces, Dec. 29,
1931, 75
- Truce agreement between Chinese and Japanese military
authorities, signed at Tangku, May 31,
1933, 120
- U. S. policy:
- Attitude toward Japanese proposals for direct
negotiations with China, 27, 37; toward
Japanese proposal of neutral investigating
commission, 48–49
- Cooperation with League of Nations in efforts to
preserve peace, 9, 10–11, 17–18, 20, 23, 26–27, 36–37, 41, 43–44, 45, 55, 60–62
- Identic notes to China and Japan, citing
Kellogg-Briand Pact, 9,
27–28, 76; replies
of Japan, 13, 28–29, 76–77
- Representations to Japan and statements of
position, 5–9, 10–11, 17, 18, 19–21, 34–35, 44–46, 49, 50–51, 53–54, 55–56, 58–59, 64–65, 66, 68–70; Japanese position, 18–19, 21–23, 38–41, 46–48, 50, 51–53, 65, 67–68, 70–75
- Wellington Koo’s proposal in connection with Chinchow
situation, controversy concerning, 57–59, 62–65,
71–72
- Withdrawal of Chinese forces from Manchuria, Dec. 29, 1931, 75
- Chinese Customs Administration in Manchuria, U. S. representations
to Japan concerning maintenance of integrity, 89–90, 92; Japanese attitude, 91–92, 92–93
- Discrimination against foreign commercial interests
in Manchuria:
- Exchange Control Law, revision of, and ministerial orders
issued thereunder (1937), U. S.
representations against discriminatory features of, 151–153
- Failure of Japanese Government to implement assurances
given to United States, 785–786
- Indications of increasing discriminatory practices by
“Manchukuo” authorities (1933), 125
- Law concerning foreign juridical persons, U. S.
reservation of treaty rights in connection with application
to American firms (1937), 154; Japanese attitude of
non-responsibility for policy of “Manchukuo” authorities,
154–155
- Oil monopoly, establishment of Manchuria Oil
Co. and plans of “Manchukuo” authorities to establish an oil
sales monopoly (1934):
- Information concerning, 130, 132, 138, 138–139
- Refusal of foreign oil companies to supply
information demanded by authorities, 140
- Text of oil monopoly law (Nov.
18, 1934), 141–143
- U. S. representations to Japan based on provisions
of Nine-Power Treaty and open-door principle, 130–131, 133–134, 143–144, 145–146, 148–151; Japanese denial of
responsibility for actions of “Manchukuo”
authorities, 132–133, 134–138, 140–141, 144–145, 146–148
- Trade statistics, U. S.–Manchuria, press release by U. S.
Department of State, Apr. 6, 1939,
155–157
- Internal situation in Japan, observations of U. S. Ambassador
regarding trend of national temper and military preparations, 99–100, 102, 110–111
- League of Nations:
- Advisory Committee on situation in the Far East:
- Commission of Enquiry:
- Findings as to false premises of Japanese action
in Manchuria, 93–95
- Policy of Japanese Foreign Minister as stated at
interviews with Commission, 95–98
- Report: Japanese reaction and threatened
withdrawal from League, 103–105, 106–107, 109–110; U. S. views regarding
recommendations contained in report, 114, 115–116
- Resolution providing for (Dec.
10, 1931): Japanese proposal as basis of,
47–48; text, 59–60; U. S.
attitude, 48–49, 56, 60–62, 66
- Issue between Japan and the League over recognition of
“Manchukuo,” 103–107, 109–110
- Representations by members of Council regarding Chinchow
situation, 54–55
- Resolutions, texts: Sept. 80, 1931,
13–14; Oct. 24, 1931, 29–30;
Dec. 10, 1931, 59–60;
Feb. 24, 1933, 113
- Summaries of action and negotiations from Sept. 80 to Nov.
10, 1931, 31–33, 42–44
- U. S. cooperation, 9, 10–11,
17–18, 20, 23, 26–27, 36–37,
41, 43–44, 45, 55,
60–62, 114–115, 117–119, 121–123, 126–127
- Withdrawal of Japan, question of, 87–89, 103–107, 109–110
- Negotiations in connection with “Manchurian incident”: Japanese
insistence on considering incident as dissociated from all other
Chinese incidents, 190; Japanese
opposition to participation by a third party in negotiations, 178, 180,
194–195
- Oil monopoly. See under
Discrimination, supra.
- Open-door policy in “Manchukuo”:
- Plans for establishment of independent government in Manchuria,
remarks of Japanese Foreign Minister, 78–79
- Recognition of “Manchukuo,” question of:
- Decision by Japan to recognize, and assertion of necessity
for recognition by other states, 94–95, 98, 103
- Issue between Japan and League of Nations, 103–107, 109–110
- Measures proposed by League Advisory Committee to give
effect to principle of non-recognition, 120–121; U. S. concurrence in substance, 121–123, 126–127
- U. S. policy in connection with—
- Military action of Japan in Manchuria. See under
Action by Japanese armed forces,
supra.
- Political situation:
- Chinese Customs Administration in Manchuria,
representations to Japan, 89–90, 92; Japanese attitude, 91–92, 92–93
- Cooperation with Advisory Committee of League of
Nations, 114–115, 117–119, 120–123, 126–127
- Discriminatory practices of “Manchukuo”
authorities, representations against. See
Discrimination, supra.
- Reiteration of open-door policy and observance of
treaty obligations:
- Identic note to China and Japan, 76; Japanese reply, 76–77
- Information regarding Japanese version of a
statement by U. S. Secretary of State, 100–102
- Nine-Power Treaty, principles of: Draft of
possible joint or concurrent statement by United
States and other countries, 80–82; letter
from Secretary of State to Chairman of Senate
Foreign Relations Committee, 83–87
- Remarks of Secretary of State, 109, 116–117
- Statement by President-elect Roosevelt, Jan. 17, 1933, 109
- Oil. See
Petroleum products.
- Open-door principle. See
American treaty rights; Political and economic penetration by Japan into China: U. S. reaffirmation of position; and under
Occupation of Manchuria.
- Pacific islands, question of possible use as base of attack against United
States, 252–253
- Panay. See
Bombings of civilians: 1937:
U. S. S. Panay.
- Partition of China, Japanese assertion of policy in opposition to, 40
- Penetration by Japan into China. See
Political and economic penetration; Undeclared war in China.
- Petroleum products (see also
Occupation of Manchuria: Discrimination: Oil monopoly), Japanese
interference with American trade in occupied China: 1940, 860, 872–876, 899–900; 1941,
904–905.
- Political and economic penetration by Japan into China, 1934–1936, 223–246
- “Amau statement.” See
Unofficial statement, etc., infra.
- Information from Japanese Foreign Office concerning progress of
negotiations between China and Japan (1935
and 1936), 239,
245–246;
U. S. appreciation for information, 239–240, 246
- Proposal by Japanese Ambassador for joint declaration of policy by
U. S. and Japanese Governments, 232–233; U. S. refusal to concur (1934), 237–239
- Statement by Japanese Foreign Minister of principle of opposition
to activities of foreign powers in China (1934), 229–230
- Unofficial statement by Japanese Foreign Office, Apr. 17, 1934, regarding attitude of Japan
toward foreign assistance to China (see also
U. S. reaffirmation of position, infra):
- Circumstances surrounding statement, 223–224, 225–226
- Explanation by Japan (following U. S. request for
clarification), and reiteration of policy of adherence to
terms and spirit of Nine-Power Treaty, 225–226, 227–230
- Text, 224–225; text of subsequent statement
to foreign correspondents, Apr. 20,
229
- U. S. consideration of statement, 227, 230–231
- U. S. reaffirmation of position as to rights and
interests in China and principle of equality of opportunity in
commercial and industrial affairs:
- Aide-mémoire of Apr. 28, 1934, 231–232; Japanese
attitude, 232, 233–234
- Discussions of U. S. Secretary of State with Japanese
Ambassador (1934), 234–236; with Japanese Ambassador to Great Britain
(1936), 241–244
- Statement to the press by Secretary of State, Dec. 5, 1935, 240–241
- Quarantine of aggressor nations, address by President Roosevelt at
Chicago, Oct. 5, 1937, 379–383
- Radio Corporation of America, wireless station at Chenju, 163, 171
- Reciprocal trade agreements program of United States, 242–244, 472
- Ringwalt case, 195–196
- Roosevelt, Franklin D.:
- Addresses on U. S. policy: Oct. 5, 1937, at
Chicago, 379–383; Oct. 12, radio address, 400–401
- Letter to Norman H. Davis, Oct. 5, 1934,
relative to naval disarmament question, 282
- Message to Chancellor Hitler, Apr. 14,
1939, attitude of Japanese Ambassador, 837–838
- Statement on sanctity of international treaties, Jan. 17, 1938, 109
- Salt Administration. See
Chinese Salt Administration.
- Scrap metal, Japanese action in salvaging Standard Oil Co. vessels for,
616–617
- Shanghai. See
American treaty rights; Bombings of civilians: 1937, 1938;
Military action by Japan at Shanghai; Undeclared war in China: 1937;
and under
Chinese Maritime Customs.
- Shantung treaty, 1922, cited, 25
- Sino-American Treaty of 1858, 425, 431–432
- Sino-Japanese Protocol of 1902, cited, 318
- Sino-Soviet relations, 360, 378, 403
- Slapping of U. S. diplomatic officer by Japanese soldier, 572–575
- Spain, Franco government: Recognition of state of “Manchukuo,” 442–443; relations
with Japan, 444–445
- Standard Oil Co. vessels, bombing of. See
Bombings of civilians: 1937:
U. S. S. Panay and other
ships.
- Stimson, Henry L., statements of policy in connection with Japanese
occupation of Manchuria: Draft of possible joint or concurrent statement by
United States and other countries, 80–82; letter to Senator Borah (Chairman of Senate
Foreign Relations Committee), Feb. 23, 1932, 83–87
- Tientsin. See under
Bombings of civilians: 1939–1940;
Chinese Maritime Customs.
- Trade agreements: Japanese conclusion of agreements with other countries,
445; U. S. reciprocal trade agreements
program, 242–244,
472
- Trade policy of United States, 242–244, 472, 809, 811
- Trade restrictions by Japan in occupied China and in Manchuria. See
American treaty rights; Occupation of Manchuria: Discrimination.
- Trade statistics and discussions: U. S.–Japan, 811–813; U. S.–Manchuria, 155–157, 807–808, 818
- Travel of Americans in occupied China, Japanese restrictions. See
American treaty rights: 1939:
Movements of Americans; American treaty rights: 1941:
Travel of Americans.
- Treaties, agreements, etc.:
- Anti-Comintern Agreement, Japan—Germany-Italy, 439, 444,
480, 482, 811, 851–852
- Boxer Protocol of 1901, 384–385, 389, 390
- Hague Convention of 1907, 389
- Ho-Umezu agreement of 1935, 322–323, 324, 325,
386
- Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 5, 7, 8, 26, 27, 28, 31, 45, 76, 77, 94, 174, 213, 375,
380, 382–383, 389, 390,
394, 397, 399, 405, 410–411
- London Naval Treaty of 1936, refusal by
Japan to agree to limitation of gun caliber for battleships in
accordance with art. 4, 298–302
- Nine-Power Treaty of 1922, 7, 45, 80–87, 94, 98, 195, 215,
227, 375, 382–383, 389, 390, 394,
397, 399, 405, 407, 410–411, 417–418, 419,
420, 421–422, 829
- Shantung treaty, 1922, cited, 25
- Sino-American Treaty of 1858, 425, 431–432
- Sino-Japanese Protocol of 1902 concerning
restoration of Tientsin to China, cited, 318
- U. S.-Japanese Commercial Treaty of 1911,
cited, 789–790
- Vichy government of France, agreement with Japan, Aug. 80, 1940, 879
- Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. See
Limitation of naval armament: London naval conversations of 1934:
Denunciation by Japan.
- Treaty rights. See
American treaty rights.
- Tutuila. See
Bombings of civilians: 1941:
U. S. S. Tutuila.
- Undeclared war in China and further Japanese penetration by
armed force or threat of force (see also
Bombings of civilians), 313–483, 617, 823
- 1937, hostilities in North
China and in Shanghai area, 313–428, 434,
436, 453–454, 454–455, 457, 617,
823
- Blockade by Japan against Chinese shipping along coast of
China, 371–372, 389
- British efforts on behalf of peace, 329–330, 337, 353, 365–366
- Chinese position, 391, 392, 393, 418
- Chungking, removal of Chinese National Government to, 417
- Departure of U. S. Ambassador from Nanking for Hankow,
417
- Foreign ships in Yangtze and Whangpoo rivers, Japanese
warning, 369–371
- Incident at Marco Polo Bridge, July 7:
- Agreement between local negotiators, July 11, for withdrawal of
troops, 315–316, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328, 330, 333–334, 385n
- Reports concerning, 313–315;
conflicting Chinese and Japanese versions, 314, 316, 318, 385–386
- Incident at Shanghai, Aug. 9,
Japanese and Chinese versions, 364–365, 387–388
- Japanese position and statements of policy, 336–337, 361, 364–369, 377, 391–392, 392–393, 397–398, 399, 399–400, 411–412, 414, 418, 419
- Kawagoe-Kao conversations, 340–341, 348
- League of Nations, subcommittee of Advisory
Committee on China:
- First report, adopted by League Assembly Oct. 6, reviewing facts of
situation in China and treaty obligations of Japan,
384–394; U. S. agreement in
principle with conclusions of report, 397
- Second report, adopted by League Assembly Oct. 6, recommending
consultation by parties to Nine-Power Treaty, 394–396
- U. S. participation, outline of position, 373–377
- Military preparations and activities of Japan following
incident of July 7, 318–320, 322–323, 324, 326–329, 330, 377–378, 387–389, 424
- Nine-Power Conference at Brussels:
- Conversations between U. S. Ambassador to Japan
and Japanese Foreign Minister concerning
circumstances and actions of conference, 413–416
- Declarations: Nov. 15, 410–412; Nov. 24, 421–422
- Japanese participation, question of, 402–403, 409, 418; refusal to cooperate
in efforts of conference, 409, 410, 411–412, 419
- Proposal for exchange of views between Japan and
certain representatives of a small number of powers,
409, 419–421; Japanese rejection, 409, 410, 412, 419
- Recommendation of League of Nations subcommittee,
395–396, 398
- Report adopted Nov. 24,
417–422
- U. S. participation:
- Cooperation with other powers, 401, 402, 457
- Delegate (Norman H. Davis): Address, Nov. 3, 404–408;
statement, Nov. 13, 408–410
- Outbreak of hostilities. See
Incident at Marco Polo Bridge, supra.
- Protection of U. S. citizens in China:
- Military and naval forces of United States,
presence in China, 350,
351–353, 355–356, 370, 425
- Representations to Japan, 334–335, 337–338, 342, 347–349, 357–358, 378–379, 404, 422–423;
Japanese position, 338,
353–355, 358–359, 378, 403–404, 426
- Statements of general policy, 349–353, 355–357
- Withdrawal of U. S. citizens from China, policy of
Department of State, 424, 426–428
- Situation at Shanghai and efforts of powers
concerned to preserve peace (see also
Protection of U. S. citizens, supra):
- British efforts on behalf of peace, 353, 365–366
- Incident of Aug. 9,
Japanese and Chinese versions, 364–365, 387–388
- Joint notes of U. S., British, French, Italian,
and German Ambassadors in China addressed to Chinese
and Japanese Governments, 341–342, 344–345, 365;
Japanese reply, 343–344, 365
- Proposals worked out by U. S., British, and French
Consuls General at Shanghai with Japanese Consul
General, 345–347, 365
- Representations of United States against use of
International Settlement by Japan as a military
base, 378–379, 404, 422–423; Japanese position,
378, 403–404, 426
- Tsingtao, U. S. efforts for avoidance of military
operations, 357–358; Japanese attitude, 358–359
- U. S. policy and efforts for restoration of
peace (see also
Protection of U. S. citizens, supra):
- Addresses by President Roosevelt: Oct. 5, at Chicago, 379–383, 397, 409, 414; Oct. 12, radio
address, 400–401
- Blockade of Chinese coast by Japan against Chinese
shipping, U. S. position concerning, 371–372
- Conclusion regarding action of Japan in China
(press release of Oct. 6),
396–397
- Conversations between U. S. officials and Japanese
representatives in United States, 317–318, 320–322, 329, 330–333, 334–336, 342, 397–399
- Letter of Secretary of State to—
- Chairman of House Committee on Foreign
Affairs, 423–426
- Senator William H. Smathers, 426–428
- Mediation, question of, 364
- Neutral ships in Yangtze and Whangpoo rivers,
Japanese warning and U. S. attitude, 369–371
- Offer of good offices, 340
- Outline of general methods and policies, 361–364, 373–377
- Statements by Secretary of State:
- July 16: Cited, 331, 350, 356–357, 362, 373–374, 375, 396, 434, 436, 453–454, 617, 823, 928; Japanese expression of
concurrence in principles, 343; text, 325–326
- Aug. 23, 355–357, 362, 373, 374, 375, 396, 434, 454–455, 617
- U. S. citizens serving in foreign armies, question
of, 338–340
- 1938, spread of hostilities
to Central and South China, 429–483
- Chungking, removal of U. S. Embassy staff to, 470
- Japanese policy:
- Addresses and statements by—
- Foreign Minister, 440–446, 446–448, 451–452, 464–466
- Military commander in Central China, 452
- Prime Minister, 438–440, 460–467, 467–470, 478–481, 482–483
- Assertions of respect for territorial integrity
and sovereignty of China and for rights and
interests of other powers in China, 437–438, 439, 440–441, 442, 452, 476, 477, 480
- Attitude concerning a declaration of war, 446–447, 448
- Demands to be made of China, 482–483
- Severance of relations with Chinese National
Government, 437–438, 442
- Statement by Japanese Government, Nov. 3, in connection with
military operations in South China, 477–478
- Supply of arms to China by third countries,
Japanese attitude, 447–448
- Mediation, question of advisability of
action by British and/or U. S. Governments, 463–464
- Military operations in South China, 476–477; Japanese
statements concerning, 477–481
- Peace negotiations, good offices of Germany to bring about
direct negotiations between China and Japan, Japanese
comments, 434–435, 438, 441–442
- Protection of U. S. citizens in China: Military and naval
forces of United States, presence in China, 430, 431–434, 448–449, 450–451; statements of general
policy, 431–434, 449, 455–456; withdrawal of U. S. citizens
from China, policy of Department of State, 433–434
- U. S. policy (see also
Protection of U. S. citizens, supra):
- Addresses and statements by Secretary of State:
Mar. 17, 452–463; Aug. 16, 471–475; Sept. 21, 475–476; Nov. 4, 481–482
- Mediation, question of, 463–464
- Representations in regard to general policy of
Japan, question of, 435–437
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, relations with China, 360, 378, 403; with Japan, 443,
466
- U. S.-Chinese relations, 927–930
- U. S. Congress:
- Letters from Secretary of State to Chairman of House Committee on
Foreign Affairs, 423–426; to Chairman of Senate Committee on
Foreign Relations, 83–87, 449–450; to Senator William H. Smathers, 426–428
- Senate resolutions: No. 210, regarding U.
S. citizens in China, 429; No. 229, regarding alliances or agreements,
449–450
- U. S. flag, desecration of, 566–567, 568, 577, 582, 583
- U. S. foreign policy (see also
U. S. policy
under
Undeclared war in China: 1937, 1938), 325–326, 657–659, 666–667, 878–881
- U. S.-Japanese Commercial Treaty of 1911, cited,
789–790
- U. S.-Japanese relations, general comments and discussions, 123–125, 127–129, 413–414, 415, 415–416, 443–444, 452, 466, 493, 500–501, 567, 577, 596, 605–606, 615–617, 715–716, 766–767, 780, 806–807, 810, 811, 852–853, 878, 902–903
- U. S. nationals and armed forces in China, statistics, 429–430, 448–449, 450, 451, 487, 514–515
- U. S. Naval Court of Inquiry, findings in regard to Japanese sinking of U.
S. S. Panay, 541–547
- U. S. neutrality legislation, 425, 457–458, 511
- U. S. S. Panay. See under
Bombings of civilians: 1937.
- U. S. S. Tutuila. See under
Bombings of civilians: 1941.
- Vichy government of France, agreement with Japan, Aug.
30, 1940, 879
- War in China. See
Undeclared war in China.
- Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. See
Limitation of naval armament: London naval conversations of 1934:
Denunciation by Japan.
- Welles, Sumner, address on U. S. foreign policy, Jan.
27, 1939, 828–830