Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1919, Russia
Index
- Afghanistan, Soviet attitude, 78
- Åland Islands, disposition, 722, 735
- Allied commission to repatriate friendly troops and enemy prisoners in
Siberia, 301, 302–303, 305, 306, 307
- Allied council for Russian affairs, proposed, 61, 62, 63,
66, 67
- American Red Cross: Activities in northern Russia, 647; in Siberia, 205,
206, 208, 209, 210, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 227, 230–231, 231–232, 233, 234, 238, 274, 277, 326, 328, 393, 394, 400, 419, 420, 430, 434, 450, 498, 499, 505, 547; in southern Russia and the Ukraine, 762, 770, 771, 778–779, 780, 781, 788, 789; in Soviet Russia, 26, 33, 99
- American Relief Administration, 693–696, 697, 698–699, 699–700, 707, 733
- Amnesties, proposed, 16, 79, 105–106, 371, 654, 658, 740
- Anarchists, 87
- Archangel. See
Intervention
and
Northern Russia.
- Armaments, limitation of, Allied and American proposal, 358, 360, 369, 376
- Armenia: Relations with Denikin,
774; Soviet attitude, 78
- Arms and munitions, proposed neutral embargo on export to Soviet Russia,
107, 109, 151, 154, 155–156
- Asylum, U. S. attitude, 549–550
- Azerbaijan, question of independence, 78, 126, 369, 380–381, 385–386, 766–767
- Baltic provinces (see also
Dismemberment of Russia; Esthonia; Finland; Latvia; and
Lithuania):
- Allied naval forces, 354, 666, 667, 688, 704, 734,
739, 745
- Dorpat conference, 121, 123, 716,
720, 721, 732–733, 740, 743, 744
- Military operations against Bolsheviks (see
also
White Russian troops, infra, and
Petrograd), 41,
135, 666, 669, 672, 674, 675, 677–678, 688–689, 720
- Prinkipo conference. See
Prinkipo
- Relief, U. S., 354, 678, 683,
685, 697, 698–699, 707, 709, 721,
734, 744–745, 748–749
- Russian northwestern government, 703,
708, 739–740
- Terrorism: Bolshevik, 678, 679; White Russian, 91, 679–680
- U. S. commission of investigation, 674, 675–678, 679–681, 682–683, 703,
704; commissioner, 703
- White Russian troops of Yudenich:
- Credits, U. S., discussion, 671, 672, 674, 691–692, 692–693, 694–695, 696–698, 700–701, 704, 709
- Operations and defeat, 114,
127, 199, 229, 447, 670, 671, 683, 688, 696–697, 705, 708, 710, 717, 722, 724, 732, 733, 736, 739–740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747
- Relations with—
- Allied Powers, 446–447, 671, 683, 684–685, 692, 696, 697, 699, 701, 704, 705, 708, 710, 724, 728–729, 734, 739, 741, 745, 746–747
- Esthonian government, 702, 703, 705–706, 710, 739–740, 741, 742, 742–744, 746–747, 747–748
- Finland, 670, 674, 681, 683, 690, 702, 707, 731–732, 735, 737, 738
- Germany, 677–678, 696, 708, 717, 737, 739, 743, 745
- Kolchak
government, 634, 671, 681, 683–684, 685–686, 693–696, 697
- Russian delegation in Paris, 713
- United States (see also
Credits, supra), 446–447, 670–671, 673, 674, 679, 680–681, 683, 691–692, 711, 712, 738, 743–744, 745, 747, 748–749
- Bank notes, Russian State, U. S. release to Kolchak, 336, 403, 409, 411, 412, 417, 421, 435, 438, 453–459, 478, 502
- Bessarabia, status of, 126, 369, 377, 752
- Blockade, Allied, of Black Sea ports and Gulf of Finland
(see also
Baltic provinces: Allied naval
forces; and
Trade restrictions), 33, 82, 83,
85, 89, 131, 149–151, 151–157; U. S. attitude, 153, 155–157, 161
- Brest-Litovsk, treaty of, 16, 18, 22, 27, 30, 45, 49, 54, 135, 383, 655
- Bullitt, William C., mission to
Russia, 74–98, 178–179
- Cadet (Constitutional Democratic) Party, 45,
46, 82
- Caucasus, status of, 360, 361, 369, 377, 380–381, 385–386, 766–767, 775
- Cessation of hostilities, Allied and U. S. proposals (see also
Prinkipo), 105, 107, 109, 112, 114, 116–117, 351, 358–359
- Cheka (Extraordinary Commission against Counter-Revolution), 26, 86, 91, 125
- China (see also
Chinese Eastern Railway
and
Inter-Allied agreement):
- Archangel, withdrawal of charge from, 659
- Chinese coolies in Russia, question of repatriation, 190–194
- Consortium, four-power: British attitude, 585; Japanese reservation regarding
Manchuria and Mongolia, 581; U. S.
attitude, 594
- Manchuria, Japanese policy in, 214,
293, 324, 550, 566, 567, 581, 602
- Mongolia, Japanese policy in, 550,
581, 602
- Railway guards, Chinese, proposed subordination to Japanese High
Command, 556
- Chinese Eastern Railway (see also
Inter-Allied agreement):
- Chinese reservation of special interest in, 258
- Horvat, Gen. Dmitri L.
(Russian governor and general manager), activities, 244, 367,
473, 475, 485–486, 501, 503, 510,
511, 513, 516, 528
- Japanese attempts to control, alleged, 214, 246–247, 251,
293, 467, 566, 567
- Communist International, first congress of, 51n
- Communist Party, 51n, 81, 82, 83, 87,
88, 89, 92, 93
- Concessions, Russian, mining and other: Attitude of Soviet government,
15, 21, 40, 52, 57, 60, 88, 94–95; United States, 144, 145
- Conferences, international:
- Copenhagen conference, British-Soviet, for exchange of prisoners,
121, 123–124, 125, 127–128, 130–131, 132,
169, 745
- Dorpat, conference of Baltic provinces at, 121, 123, 716, 720,
721, 732–733, 740, 743,
744
- Prinkipo, proposed conference at. See
Prinkipo.
- Supreme Council meetings. See
Supreme Council.
- Versailles Conference, question of Russian representation, 4–6, 10, 11
- Conscription: Attitude of Allied Powers and United States, 355–356, 358, 360, 369; Siberian peasants, 396
- Consortium. See under
China
and
Kolchak
government: Loans and credits.
- Constituent Assembly:
- 1917–1918, proposals to revive, 357, 359,
368, 370–371, 372, 373–374, 376,
655, 765
- All-Russian, new, proposed, 116–117, 124–125, 230,
235, 328, 333, 338, 339, 340, 341,
346, 348, 349, 352–353, 356, 357,
359, 368, 369, 371–372, 373, 376,
377, 404, 465, 686, 761
- Regional assemblies, proposed, 353,
356–357,
658
- Constitutional Democratic (Cadet) Party, 45,
46, 82
- Cooperative societies, Russian: Relations with Kolchak government, 348, 404, 597; U. S. credit sales to, 123, 387, 393, 407, 421, 424, 427, 439, 596–597, 776
- Copenhagen conference, British-Soviet, for exchange of
prisoners, 121, 123–124, 125, 127–128, 130–131, 132, 169, 745
- “Cordon sanitaire,” discussion of, 12, 23–24,
129, 713, 720
- Czechoslovak troops in Siberia:
- Evacuation and repatriation (see
also
Relations with Kolchak government and troops, infra):
- Attitude of—
- Czechoslovaks, 227, 229, 230–231, 232–233, 274, 275, 278–279, 279–280, 280–281, 282–283, 283–284, 285–286, 289–290, 291, 292, 296–297, 312, 313–314, 318–319, 352, 419, 438, 446
- France, 285, 289–290, 291, 295–296, 299, 301, 303, 304, 306, 313, 316, 318
- Great Britain. 285,
286, 289, 291, 295–296, 299, 303, 304, 306, 310, 313, 316, 318, 320
- Italy, 285, 289, 291, 299, 301, 303, 306, 309, 313, 316, 318
- Japan, 289, 303, 306, 309, 318, 358, 511
- United States. See
U. S. assistance and
protection, infra.
- Movements, reports of, 222,
226, 228, 229, 230–231, 278, 286, 531, 533, 537, 538
- Gold reserve held by Kolchak, convoying of, 216, 233
- Loans for supplies. See
Czechoslovakia: Loans
and credits.
- Morale (see also
Evacuation and repatriation: Attitude of Czechoslovaks, supra), 274, 275, 277–278, 279,
281, 282, 283, 285, 286–287, 288,
292, 294, 296, 311, 312, 379, 395,
419, 438
- Railways: Guarding of, 202, 208, 219, 220,
235, 272, 275–276, 279–280, 283,
284–285,
288, 290, 292, 313, 395, 400, 404,
413, 438, 475, 511, 533, 536, 537,
546, 556, 566; interference with
operation, 229, 230–231, 232–233;
representation on inter-Allied committees for supervision of, 236, 243,
253, 258
- Relations with—
- Bolsheviks, 8,
12, 29, 202, 216, 227, 230, 235, 272, 275–276, 278, 279, 280–281, 282, 283, 284, 311, 395, 475, 476
- France (see also
Evacuation and repatriation: Attitude of France, supra), 425
- Kolchak government and troops, 13, 198, 199, 209, 219, 222, 226, 227, 228, 232, 233, 235, 274–275, 278, 280, 281, 282, 287–288, 292, 309, 311, 313–314, 336, 395, 397, 432, 446, 448, 520, 521, 522, 526, 530, 531
- Semenov, 232–233, 234–235
- United States. See
U. S. assistance and protection,
infra.
- U. S. assistance and protection, 8, 156, 235, 246, 272, 273,
275, 276, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283–284, 286–287, 290–291, 294,
295, 297–301, 301–309, 309–310, 311, 313,
314–320,
320–322,
325, 331, 336, 352, 357, 358, 379,
391, 426, 438, 494, 500, 522, 560,
574
- Vladivostok, alleged implication in revolt at, 314, 546–548
- Czechoslovakia (see also
Czechoslovak troops in Siberia):
- Girsa, Václav (Commissioner
in Siberia), activities, 226, 227, 313,
520, 522
- Loans and credits: French, 317; U. S., 273, 276, 279,
291, 295, 297, 298, 299–301, 303–305, 306–307, 309,
310, 311, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317,
319, 321, 357
- Danish Red Cross, 184–185, 774, 775–776
- Debt, Russian foreign: Attitude of Kolchak government, 341, 356, 360, 362–363, 369, 377, 402, 445; Soviet
government, 15, 18,
40, 57, 60, 76–77, 80, 88, 95, 142, 356; United
States, 142, 356,
665
- Denikin, Gen. Anton
Ivanovich (see also
Southern Russia):
- Aims, 761, 774–775
- British support, 425,
436, 442, 444, 446, 447, 697, 704,
752, 758, 760, 762, 763, 770, 777
- Military operations. See under
Southern Russia.
- Relations with Kolchak.
12–13,
45, 71,
218, 323, 327, 355, 431, 634, 728–729, 764;
Petlyura, 752, 781,
782; Poles, 777, 782
- U. S. aid and support, 764, 770–773, 773–774, 777
- Diplomatic missions, Allied and U. S.: Withdrawal from Archangel, 644–645, 646–647, 653, 654, 659, 662, 664; from Soviet Russia, 8, 27, 28–29
- Dismemberment of Russia, discussion, 126, 129, 130, 353, 370, 385–386, 684, 686, 706, 723–724, 783–784
- Dorpat, conference of Baltic provinces at, 121, 123, 716, 720, 721, 732–733, 740, 743, 744
- Economic reconstruction, U. S. plans, 117–119, 123, 238, 241, 268, 272, 325–326, 345, 383–384, 393–394, 433, 494, 549, 574, 575, 598–599, 600
- Education, Soviet measures for, 92, 138
- “Encirclement policy.” See
“Cordon sanitaire.”
- Esthonia (see also
Baltic provinces):
- Bolshevik tendencies, 672, 676, 708,
712–713
- Loans and credits:
- Appeals for, 510, 717
- Attitude of Allied Powers, 116, 709, 717, 718; United States, 116, 672–673, 676, 682–683, 709
- Nationalist movement (see
also
Relations, infra),
52–53,
380–381,
666, 668, 669, 711–712, 716, 719,
720, 740, 747–748
- Peace negotiations with Soviet government, 229, 705, 710–713, 714–720, 721, 727–728, 732–733, 736,
738, 740–741, 742, 744,
747, 749
- Prinkipo, attitude toward proposed conference at, 52–53, 668–669
- Recognition, question of. See
Nationalist movement, supra, and
Relations, infra.
- Relations with—
- Allied Powers, 52, 68–69,
116, 126, 360, 361, 369, 666–667, 668–669, 672, 682–683, 703, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710–711, 711–712, 717, 718–719, 720, 722–723, 723n, 727–728, 735, 738, 744, 746–747, 747–748
- Denikin, 766–767
- Finland, 667
- Germany, 666, 672, 682, 684, 709, 717, 737, 739
- Kolchak
government, 353, 377, 385–386, 684, 685, 686–687, 706, 712–713, 719, 724, 727, 738
- United States, 116, 354, 360, 361, 369, 385–386, 668, 672, 675, 676, 678, 681, 682–683, 703, 709, 711–712, 722, 727–728, 738, 743–744, 747–748
- White Russian troops of Yudenich, 702,
703, 705–706, 710, 739–740, 741, 742, 743–744, 746–747, 747–748
- Troops, operations, 113, 365, 669,
681, 683, 708, 716–717, 739
- Extraordinary Commission against Counter-Revolution (Cheka), 26, 86, 91, 125, 728
- Finland (see also
Baltic provinces):
- Åland Islands, disposition, 722, 735
- Bolshevik tendencies, suppression of, 689, 690, 707, 709,
721
- Independence (see also
Relations, infra),
360, 369, 370, 377, 385, 707, 709
- Loans and credits: Allied, 116, 701–702; U. S., 116, 672–673, 708
- Peace negotiations with Soviet government, 713, 714–716, 718,
719–720,
721, 726, 732–733
- Relations with—
- Allied Powers (see also
Loans and credits, supra), 68–69, 126, 669, 681, 689, 691, 692, 707–708, 722–723, 723n, 735–736
- Germany, 721–722, 737
- Kolchak
government, 377, 681, 691
- United States, 116, 669, 675, 678, 681, 691, 692, 707–708, 737
- White Russian troops of Yudenich, 670,
674, 681, 683, 690, 702, 707, 731–732, 735, 737, 738
- Troops, operations (see also
Petrograd: Attempted capture), 630, 667,
669, 683, 687, 688, 689–690, 691,
736
- France (see also
Baltic provinces; Blockade; Cessation of hostilities;
Esthonia; Finland;
Hungary; Inter-Allied
agreement; Intervention; Kolchak
government: Loans and credits
and
Relations with France; Latvia; League of Nations; Lithuania; Nansen; Northern Russia; Prinkipo; Siberia; Southern Russia;
and
Trade restrictions):
- Allied council for Russian affairs, attitude toward, 63
- Armaments, limitation of, Allied proposal, 358, 360, 369, 376
- Chinese Eastern Railway, guarding by French troops, 412
- Conscription in Russia, attitude toward, 355, 356, 358, 360,
369
- “Cordon sanitaire,” 12, 23–24, 129, 713,
720
- Czechoslovak troops in Siberia, attitude toward, 285, 289–290, 291,
295–296,
299, 301, 303, 304, 306, 313, 316,
318
- Czechoslovakia, credits to, 317
- Japanese High Command in Siberia, attitude toward, 459
- Prisoners held by Soviet authorities, attitude toward release,
169, 172, 188
- Propaganda, revolutionary, attitude toward, 7, 159
- Rubles, prohibition of traffic in, 163, 165, 166
- Soviet government, attitude toward, 7,
21, 132,
159, 351, 359, 368, 400
- Ukraine, relations with Petlyura in, 752, 753, 781
- Francis, David R., U. S. Ambassador
to Russia, 8, 27–30
- Gaida, Gen. G. R.:
Relations with Kolchak, 196, 199, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 213, 371; revolt in Vladivostok, 231, 272, 314, 546–548
- Georgia: Status of, 47–49, 126, 360, 361, 369, 377, 380–381, 385–386, 766–767; visit of U. S. mission, 763
- Germany (see also
Prisoners): Relations with Esthonia, 666, 672, 682, 684, 709, 717, 737, 739; Finland,
721–722, 737; Latvia, 666,
667, 672, 675, 677–678, 679–680, 682, 684, 708, 709, 717, 733, 734, 736–737, 741, 743, 744; Lithuania, 73,
672, 682, 684, 717, 736–737; Soviet
government, 29, 30,
62, 63–64, 690, 713, 720, 734; Ukraine, 781;
White Russian troops of Yudenich,
677–678, 696, 708, 717, 737, 739, 743, 745
- Girsa, Václav (Czechoslovak
Commissioner in Siberia), 226, 227, 291, 313, 520, 522
- Gold reserve held by Kolchak, 214–216, 221, 224, 225, 227, 233, 411, 445
- Graves, Gen. William
S. (see also
U. S. troops in Siberia):
- Relations with Allied military authorities in Siberia, 466, 473–474, 492,
493, 517, 540–541; Japanese, 468–470, 471,
474, 476, 480, 487, 488, 489, 493,
494, 500, 515, 517, 540, 552; Kolchak government, 346,
466–467,
495–496,
497–498,
499–500,
502–503,
508–509,
514–515,
516, 517–518, 519, 522,
531, 541, 542, 544; Semenov and
other Cossack leaders, 346, 468–472, [Page 797]
492–493,
494, 496–497, 500, 514–515, 516,
522, 527–528, 540, 542,
544, 550, 552; Vladivostok political
refugees, 549–550
- Reports, 346, 466–467, 468–472, 474–475, 480, 482,
491–493,
497–498,
507–509,
514–515,
516–518,
521, 522, 535, 540–541, 543–544
- Great Britain (see also
Baltic provinces; Blockade; Cessation of hostilities;
Copenhagen conference; Denikin: British support; Dismemberment
of Russia; Esthonia; Finland; Hungary; Inter-Allied agreement; Intervention;
Kolchak
government; Latvia; League of Nations; Lithuania; Nansen; Northern Russia; Peace
proposals; Poland; Prinkipo; Prisoners; Relief; Siberia; Southern Russia; Soviet
government; and
Trade restrictions):
- Allied council for Russian affairs, proposed, 61, 62, 67; French attitude, 63;
Italian attitude, 66
- Armaments, limitation of, Allied proposal, 358, 360, 369, 376
- Chinese Eastern Railway, guarding by British troops, 412
- Consortium in China: British attitude, 585; U. S. and British banks, for loan to Kolchak, 389, 419, 420–421, 430–431, 436, 438
- Conscription in Russia, attitude toward, 356, 358, 360, 369
- Czechoslovak troops in Siberia, relations with, 285–286, 289, 291,
295–296,
299, 303, 304, 306, 310, 313, 316,
318, 320
- Japan, Siberian policy of, attitude toward, 560, 580
- Propaganda, revolutionary, attitude toward, 124, 159
- Semenov, opposition to
activities of, 330, 335, 436,
462–463,
467, 468
- U. S. citizens detained by Soviet authorities, offers of
assistance in securing release, 167,
169–170,
173–174
- U. S. troops in Siberia, relations with Allied High Command, 459–460, 461–462, 463
- Greek forces in Ukraine, 752, 754, 758
- Hoover, Herbert C., relief measures
and proposals, 100–102, 117–119, 636, 693–696, 697, 698–699, 699–700, 707, 721, 729, 733, 744–745
- Horvat, Gen. Dmitri L., 244, 367, 473, 475, 485–486, 501, 503, 510, 511, 513, 516, 528
- Hungary, decision of Allied and Associated Powers to resume
trade with, 149–150,
151, 152–153
- Imperial family, Russian, evacuation from Crimea, 759
- Inter-Allied agreement for supervision of Chinese Eastern
and Siberian railways:
- Attitude of—
- China, 258–259, 411, 511–513
- France, 254, 335, 511–513
- Great Britain, 236, 240–241, 254–255, 329, 335, 511–513, 538, 560, 561, 580
- Italy, 255, 511–513
- Japan, 236–237, 239, 242–243, 249, 253, 254, 258–259, 260, 262, 324, 511–513, 539, 549, 566–567, 570, 576, 577, 583–584, 588–592
- Kolchak
government, 237–238, 241–242, 244–245, 256, 257, 284–285, 391, 491, 501, 503, 511–512, 528–529, 533–534, 537, 538, 540, 543, 544–546, 549, 567–568, 576
- United States, 200, 236–237, 238, 242–244, 245–253, 260, 268, 269, 324, 325, 334, 335, 336, 345, 357, 386, 390, 392, 397, 400, 409, 419, 440, 494, 509, 511–513, 529, 560–561, 569, 574–578, 586–587, 598
- Financial assistance:
- International, 243, 244, 247, 249, 254–255, 257, 260–271, 332, 383, 390, 400, 403, 409, 433, 501, 512
- U. S. (see also
International, supra), 243–244, 245–246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 260–263, 265–268, 270, 271, 384, 386, 390, 455–456
- Guarding of railways (see also
Siberia: Allied
troops):
- Plans for, 239, 250, 253, 254, 257, 260, 264, 272, 392–393, 397, 400, 433, 459–460, 463, 475, 524, 551, 552–553, 554, 555–557, 558–565, 572, 575–576, 583–584
- Use of—
- Chinese troops, 411,
528, 556
- Czechoslovak troops. See
Czechoslovak troops in
Siberia: Railways.
- Japanese troops. See
Japanese troops in
Siberia: Guarding of
railways.
- Siberian troops, 219,
220, 234, 283, 284–285, 292, 491, 492–493, 503, 512, 536
- U. S. troops. See
U. S. troops in Siberia:
Guarding of
railways.
- Inter-Allied Railway Committee:
- Activities (see also
Relations, infra), 256, 257, 258–259, 260, 261, 263–264, 265, 266, 267, 270, 271–272, 334–336, 392, 455–456, 490, 546, 552–553, 557, 569, 572, 573, 578
- Constitution of, 236, 239, 240, 241, 243, 249–250, 255, 258, 336, 479, 575
- U. S. support, 557, 560–561, 574–578, 580, 582–583, 586, 587; British
attitude, 560, 580; Japanese attitude, 564, 572, 580–582, 586, 588–592, 593
- Inter-Allied Military Transportation Board, 239, 256, 257, 258,
557, 561, 568, 569, 575
- Inter-Allied Technical Board, 236,
239, 243, 250, 253, 256, 257, 258,
263, 264, 267, 324, 340, 345, 357,
392, 490, 512, 534, 543, 545, 557,
561, 565, 567, 568, 569, 571, 575,
581, 582, 584, 590
- Operation of railways, interference by—
- Bolsheviks, 504
- Czechoslovaks, 229, 230–231, 232–233, 274, 277
- Kolchak
government, 528–529, 533–534, 537–538, 540, 543, 544–545, 549, 567–568
- Semenov, Gen.
Gregory, and other Cossacks, 205, 235, 240–241, 426, 462–463, 490, 492, 498–499, 501, 505, 507, 509–510, 512, 513, 528, 532, 539, 541–542, 544, 566, 570, 571, 573, 578, 588
- Provisions of agreement, 236–237, 239–240, 242–243, 260
- Railway Service Corps:
- Activities, 205, 392, 404, 419, 450, 478, 505, 565, 566, 576, 581–582, 590, 591, 593, 594–595
- Maintenance, financial, 245,
261, 262, 263–264, 267, 268, 270, 409, 433
- Withdrawal, 222, 240, 284, 324, 394, 533, 534–535, 536–538, 540, 546, 549, 568, 570–571, 573, 577, 578, 579
- Rights in railways, existing, protection of, 237, 243, 252, 253,
258, 259, 575
- Inter-Allied Military Transportation Board. See
under
Inter-Allied agreement.
- Inter-Allied Railway Committee. See under
Inter-Allied agreement.
- Intervention, Allied and U. S. (see
also
Blockade; Czechoslovak troops
in Siberia; Graves, Gen. William S.; Japan: Siberian policy; Japanese troops in Siberia; Northern Russia: Allied troops
and
U. S. troops; Siberia:
Allied troops; and
Southern Russia: Allied
troops):
- Attitude of—
- France, 24, 35, 63–64, 106, 358, 359, 367–368
- Great Britain, 12, 35, 57,
58, 59, 60, 61–62,
67, 68–69, 106, 358, 359, 364, 367–368
- Italy, 22–23, 24, 35, 106, 358, 359, 367–368
- Japan, 358, 359, 366, 367–368
- Provisional government of northern Russia, 37, 607, 608–609
- Social-Revolutionists, 41, 81, 92,
93, 136, 609
- Soviet government, 8–9, 29,
33–34, 79, 80, 87,
114, 128, 131, 139, 148
- United States. 17–18, 20–21, 23, 27–29, 32, 35,
55, 57, 58–59, 62,
63, 65, 69, 71–72,
73, 83, 106, 127, 156, 323, 324, 343, 346, 358, 359, 367–368
- Italy (see also
Blockade; Inter-Allied
agreement; Intervention; League of Nations; Prinkipo; and
Trade restrictions):
- Allied council for Russian affairs, attitude toward, 66
- Armaments, limitation of, Allied proposal, 358, 360, 369, 376
- Czechoslovak troops in Siberia, attitude toward, 285, 289,
291, 299, 301, 303, 306, 309, 313,
316, 318, 358
- Kolchak government,
relations with, 152, 154–155, 355, 358–360, 367–370, 374–375, 378–379, 437,
483, 521
- Nansen proposal for relief
in Soviet Russia, attitude toward, 103–109, 115–117
- Propaganda, revolutionary, attitude toward, 159
- Soviet government, relations with, 20,
23–24,
27, 28–29, 116–117, 132, 359,
368, 400
- Ivanov-Rinov, General: Activities, 227, 331, 413, 470–472, 473. 479, 482–483, 490, 492, 493, 496, 497, 514, 515, 552; alleged Japanese support, 469,
470, 471, 472, 475, 482, 486; relations
with Kolchak, 367, 410, 482, 497, 501, 504, 517; U. S. protest against methods, 478
- Janin, Gen. Maurice, service with
Czechoslovak troops in Siberia, 222, 284, 289–290, 291, 292, 304, 419, 459, 460, 461, 463, 472, 520, 531
- Japan (see also
China; Czechoslovak troops in
Siberia; Graves,
Gen. William S.; Inter-Allied
agreement; Intervention; Ivanov-Rinov; Japanese troops
in Siberia; Kalmikov; Kolchak
government; League of Nations; Morris, Ambassador Roland
S.; Nansen; Prinkipo; Rozanov; Semenov; Siberia; U. S. troops in Siberia; and
Vladivostok):
- Anti-American propaganda, alleged, 272, 396, 475, 491, 492, 503,
549, 573, 601
- Archangel, withdrawal of chargé from, 659
- Chinese Eastern Railway, alleged attempts to control, 214, 246–247, 251,
293, 467, 566, 567
- Manchurian policy, 214, 293, 324,
550, 566, 567, 581, 602
- Mongolian policy, 550, 581, 602
- Propaganda, revolutionary, attitude toward, 159, 600, 601, 602
- Relief in Siberia and Soviet Russia, views on, 103–109, 596, 598
- Siberian policy, 24, 201, 208,
210, 214, 220, 234, 246–247, 272,
293, 294, 335, 345, 362, 396, 416,
429, 450, 469, 472, 474, 480, 527–528, 531,
533, 550, 583–584, 601–603; British attitude, 560, 580; U.
S. attitude, 130, 220, 246–247, 252,
253, 255, 293–294, 335, 336–337, 339, 345–346, 388,
397, 410, 424, 425, 432, 433, 440,
453, 477, 481, 494, 532, 551, 553–555, 556–557, 558,
560–561,
562–563,
573–578,
582–583,
584–588,
592–595,
600
- Soviet government, attitude toward, 359, 368, 400
- Japanese troops in Siberia (see also
Japan: Siberian policy):
- Bolsheviks, hostilities against, 470,
474, 476, 479
- Excesses, alleged, 335, 469–470, 488, 492,
501
- Guarding of railways, 208, 234, 235, 272,
284, 285, 288, 289, 335, 391, 460,
499, 511, 531, 539, 554, 556, 567,
568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 576,
577, 579, 581–582, 583–584, 587,
588–592,
593, 594–595, 596, 600,
601
- High Command, Japanese, question of authority over Allied and U.
S. troops, 459, 461, 489, 500
- Reenforcements, 208, 246, 285,
345–346,
392, 432, 509, 531, 553, 581, 600,
601–602
- Relations with—
- Horvat, 475
- Kolchak
government. See
Kolchak government: Relations with Japan.
- Other Allied troops, 459, 461, 489, 500
- Semenov and other
Cossack leaders, 200–201, 240–241, 272, 334–335, 397, 416, 424–425, 426, 450, 468–469, 470, 472, 475, 482, 484, 486–488, 492, 501, 509, 514, 515, 527–528, 529–530, 531, 539, 540, 541–542, 543–544, 565, 566–567, 569, 570, 571, 572–573, 578–579, 581, 587, 590, 591, 593, 596
- U. S. authorities and troops, 205, 234, 272, 345, 397, 459, 460, 461, 474–475, 476–477, 480, 489, 492, 500, 505, 521, 527–528, 540, 541–542, 544, 558, 562, 573, 593
- Withdrawal, 247, 324, 462, 581, 599–600
- Jews in southern Russia and Ukraine, treatment of, 113, 777, 778, 780, 782–783
- Kalamatiano, Xenophon (U. S. citizen), imprisonment by Soviet government,
167–168, 169, 170–171, 173–174, 175–176, 177–178, 178–179, 179–180, 181, 182, 184, 185–188, 188–189, 190
- Kalmikov, Ataman:
- Excesses of troops, 334, 426, 486–487, 515,
521, 522, 525, 526–527
- Japanese support, alleged, 272, 334, 424–425, 468–469, 475,
486–488,
515, 527–528, 566–567
- Relations with Kolchak,
424–425,
432, 441, 472–473, 515, 518, 521,
526–527,
532; U. S. authorities and troops,
176, 432, 486–488, 490, 500, 515–516, 524–526, 527–528, 532,
535
- Kerensky, Alexander F., proposals,
337–338, 350, 352–353
- Kolchak government
(see also
American Red Cross: Activities in Siberia; Cooperative societies; Czechoslovak troops in Siberia; Graves, Gen. William S.; Inter-Allied agreement; Ivanov-Rinov; Japan: Siberian policy; Japanese
troops in Siberia; Kalmikov; Morris, Ambassador Roland
S.; Rozanov; Semenov; Siberia;
U. S. troops in Siberia; Vladivostok; and Zemstvo councils: Siberian):
- American Relief Administration agreement, 693–696, 699–700
- Bank notes, Russian State, U. S. release to
Kolchak, 336, 403,
409, 411, 412, 417, 421, 435, 438,
453–459,
478, 502
- British attitude toward recognition, 327, 330,
342–343,
355, 365, 379, 411, 728–729; toward support, 58, 59, 116, 122, 126, 128–129, 154,
328–330,
336, 341–342, 345, 350,
352, 353, 356, 357, 358–360, 363,
367–370,
375, 379, 401–402, 405, 411, 436,
440, 442, 444, 447, 462–463, 466,
472, 473, 475, 489–490, 492, 493,
497, 499–500, 503, 517,
519, 520, 521, 523, 542, 560, 602
- Collapse. See
Instability and collapse, infra.
- Constituent assembly, proposed, attitude toward, 213, 328,
333, 339, 341, 346, 347–348, 349,
368, 369, 371–372, 373, 376, 377,
404, 686
- Cossack atamans, disavowal of acts of, 472–473, 518
- Debt, Russian foreign, attitude toward, 341, 356, 360, 362–363, 369,
377, 402, 445
- Gold reserve held by Kolchak, disposition, 214–216, 221, 224,
225, 227, 233, 411, 445
- Instability and collapse, 127, 128–129, 201–202, 204,
206, 211, 212, 213, 214, 224, 225,
226, 228, 229, 230, 233–234, 235–236, 311,
332, 391, 394, 395–396, 397, 399,
400, 401, 403–405, 406, 407–408, 411, 413–414, 415–416, 419,
423, 426, 427–428, 432–433, 437,
441, 464–465, 466, 476,
483, 484, 514, 542, 566, 596, 598
- Labor unions, policy regarding, 338,
348, 372
- Land policy, 113, 342, 348,
369, 372, 377
- Loans and credits (see also
Cooperative societies):
- Allied (see also
British
and
French, infra), 406–407, 409, 433, 438
- British, 336,
389, 402
- Consortium of U. S. and British banks, 389, 419, 420–421, 430–431
- French, 389,
402
- Requests for, 399, 400, 402, 686, 704, 726–727
- U. S. attitude, 332, 336, 349–350, 382, 383, 384–385, 387, 388–389, 408–409, 410, 417, 420–421, 425, 426, 434, 435, 436, 438, 440–441, 443, 458, 727
- Military operations against Bolsheviks. See
under
Siberia.
- Monetary reform, proposed measures (see also
Bank notes, supra),
335, 402–403, 409, 411,
412, 427
- Prinkipo, attitude toward proposed conference at, 44–46, 53–55, 65, 71
- Reactionary influences, 13, 200, 204,
213, 272, 327, 334, 338, 339, 349,
359–360,
361, 374, 377, 395, 396, 401, 404,
408, 411, 416, 464–465, 466, 476,
497, 510, 514, 542, 550, 597–598
- Recognition and support, desire for (see
also
Relations; U. S.
nonrecognition; and
U. S. support, infra), 325–326, 332–333, 339,
340, 367, 375–378, 382, 384–385, 389, 390,
391, 396–397, 399–400, 405–407, 408, 411,
415–416,
424, 431–432, 434, 435–436, 443,
444–445,
446–447,
448–450,
466–467,
514–515,
518, 528–529, 537
- Relations with—
- Baltic provinces, 353, 377, 380–381, 385–386, 683–684, 685, 686–687, 706, 712–713, 719, 724, 727
- China, 448, 521
- Cossacks. See
Semenov and other Cossack leaders,
infra.
- Czechoslovaks. See
Czechoslovak troops in Siberia:
Relations with Kolchak government and
troops.
- Denikin, 12–13,
45, 71, 218, 323, 327, 355, 431, 634, 728–729, 764
- Finland, 377, 681, 691
- France, 5, 7, 152, 154, 327–328, 335, 336, 338, 345, 351, 352, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358–360, 367–370, 378–379, 389, 401–402, 405, 411, 414, 429, 440, 444, 448, 456, 463–464, 467, 472, 475, 483, 491, 492, 503, 519, 520, 521, 523–524, 602
- Great Britain. See
British attitude, supra.
- Horvat, Gen. Dmitri
L., 244, 367, 473, 486, 509, 510, 511, 513, 516
- Italy, 152, 351, 355, 358–360, 364, 367–370, 374–375, 378–379, 437, 483, 521
- Japan, 55, 154, 198–199, 201, 208, 210, 220, 223, 225, 226, 230, 232, 272, 322, 346, 354, 358–360, 362, 363, 364, 386, 367–370, 374–375, 378–379, 396, 397, 411, 414, 437, 448, 450, 451, 462–463, 466–467, 474, 475, 509, 511, 517, 520, 521, 523–524, 531, 541–542, 549, 556, 559, 567, 569, 570, 573, 576, 584, 592, 593, 595, 596, 597–598
- Poland, 342, 377, 448
- Provisional government of northern Russia, 338–339, 355, 370, 372, 607, 610, 622, 623–624, 628, 633–634
- Semenov and other Cossack leaders, 200–201, 216, 218, 226, 232, 241, 244, 322, 335, 340, 367, 396, 410, 426, 432, 462, 464, 467, 468, 472–473, 476, 479, 482–483, 484–485, 486, 497, 501, 504, 505, 509, 513, 514, 515–516, 517, 518, 521, 525–526, 526–527, 529–530, 532, 535, 539, 541, 543–544, 550, 566, 567, 571, 573, 579, 587, 588
- Separatist groups, Russian, 380–381
- Supreme Council, note to Kolchak, 358–360, 363, 367–370, 379; reply, 375–378
- U. S. authorities and troops in Siberia (see also
U. S. nonrecognition
and
U. S. support, infra), 211, 222, 345, 346, 394, 410–412, 414, 415–416, 417, 418, 421–422, 423, 424, 427–428, 430, 435, 442–443, 450–451, 478, 482, 491, 493, 494–496, 497–498, 502–503, [Page 801]
504–505, 511, 513, 514–517, 517–518, 519–521, 522, 523–524, 525–527, 529, 532, 535, 541, 542–543, 548–549
- White Russian troops of Yudenich, 634,
671, 681, 683–684, 685–686, 693–696, 697, 713
- Soviet government, attitude of, 16,
17, 78–80, 92, 113–114, 125
- Troops (see also
Ivanov-Rinov; Kalmikov; Rozanov; Semenov; and
Siberia: Military
operations): Excesses, alleged, 470, 473, 492, 501;
guarding of railway, 219, 220, 234,
283, 284–285, 292, 491,
492–493,
503, 512, 536; morale, 197–198, 199, 201–202, 204,
206, 208–209, 210–211, 212, 214,
218, 226, 228, 234, 235, 379, 391,
394, 396, 401, 404, 414, 415, 417,
448, 501; relations with Allied and U. S. troops, 12, 205, 209, 340,
345, 346, 459–460, 461–462, 463–464, 466,
467, 490, 500, 521, 522–528, 530,
566
- U. S. nonrecognition (see
also
U. S. support, infra), 38–39, 322, 323, 327,
332, 334, 336, 337, 338, 339–340, 343, 349,
355, 356, 357–358, 381–382, 384–385, 386,
387, 388, 394, 397, 408–409, 410,
420, 421, 422–423, 429, 433, 434–435, 436–437, 439,
440, 441, 444, 446, 447, 494, 497,
498, 504, 525, 576, 696, 724, 763
- U. S. support (see also
Loans and credits
and
U. S. nonrecognition, supra; Siberia: Factional strife; and
U. S. troops in Siberia: Guarding of railways), 200–201, 218, 322,
323, 325, 328, 331, 334, 336–337, 339, 340,
342, 345–346, 348, 349–350, 351,
352, 353, 358–362, 363, 364, 367–370, 373,
374–375,
378–380,
381–453,
457, 465, 478–479, 480–481, 492,
493, 494, 497–498, 502, 504, 515–516, 519,
522, 526, 533, 536, 541, 548–549, 597–598, 600, 636,
678, 681–682, 693–696, 699–700, 707, 723
- Vladivostok fortress incident, 521,
522–524,
525–527,
530
- Land reform, discussion, 113, 136, 333, 338, 340, 342, 346–347, 349, 359, 369, 372, 377, 755–756, 757, 761, 783
- Latvia (see also
Baltic provinces):
- Bolshevik activities, 666, 672, 702–703
- Coup d’état, German, 675
- Loans and credits:
- Appeals for, 510, 667, 702–703, 734
- Attitude of Allied Powers, 116, 708; United States,
116, 668, 672–673, 682–683, 708–709
- Nationalist movement (see
also
Relations, infra),
50, 380–381, 668, 702–703, 740
- Peace negotiations with Soviet government, 713, 714–716, 718,
719–720,
721, 727–728, 732–733, 738, 740–741, 742–743, 744
- Prinkipo, attitude toward proposed conference at, 49–50
- Recognition, question of. See
Nationalist movement, supra, and
Relations, infra.
- Recruitment of troops in United States, proposed, 667; U. S. disapproval, 668
- Relations with—
- Allied Powers, 68–69, 116, 126, 360, 361, 369, 667, 672, 682–683, 707, 708, 709, 718, 722–723, 727–728, 735, 738, 744
- Denikin, 766–767
- Germany, 666, 672, 675, 677–678, 679–680, 682, 684, 708, 709, 717, 733, 734, 736–737, 741, 743, 744
- Kolchak
government, 353, 377, 380–381, 385–386, 683–684, 685, 686–687, 706, 724, 727, 738
- Poland, 744
- United States, 116, 360, 361, 369, 385–386, 668, 672, 673, 675, 678, 682–683, 702–703, 708–709, 722, 723, 727–728, 738, 741, 742–743, 744
- Relief, U. S., 676, 677, 678,
680, 698
- Troops, operations, 669, 683, 741
- League of Nations: Allied and U. S. proposals to submit
Russian questions to, 116, 354, 359, 360, 361, 368, 369, 376, 377, 723, 728; question of Russian
membership, 360, 369, 376; Soviet attitude, 16
- Lenin, N., 27, 51–52,
77, 80, 83, 87–88, 94, 99, 116, 119–120, 130, 351, 451–452
- Lithuania (see also
Baltic provinces):
- Loans and credits: Desire for, 73, 510; U. S. attitude, 672–673, 682–683, 709
- Nationalist movement (see
also
Relations, infra),
668, 708, 740
- Peace negotiations with Soviet government, 713, 714–716, 718,
719–720,
721, 727–728, 732–733, 738, 740–741, 744
- Prinkipo, attitude toward proposed conference at, 72–73
- Recognition, question of. See
Nationalist movement, supra, and
Relations, infra.
- Relations with—
- Allied Powers, 68–69, 116, 126, 360, 361, 369, 682–683, 707, 708, 718, 722–723, 727–728, 735, 738, 744
- Denikin, 766–767
- Germany, 73, 672, 682, 684, 717, 730–737
- Kolchak
government, 377, 385–386, 683–684, 685, 686–687, 706, 723–724, 727, 738
- Poland, 744
- United States, 116, 360, 361, 369, 673, 676–677, 682–683, 722, 723–724, 727–728, 738, 744
- Relief, U. S., 676–677, 698
- Troops, operations, 669, 683
- Loans and credits. See
China: Consortium; Cooperative societies, Russian: U. S. credit sales
to; Debt; Inter-Allied agreement for supervision of
Chinese Eastern and Siberian railways: Financial assistance; Murman agreement;
Northern Russia: Relief; Rumania: U. S. loan; Southern Russia: Sale of U. S.
Army surplus stocks; Soviet government:
Financial transactions with; Trade restrictions; and
Yugoslavia: U. S. loan; and
under
Czechoslovakia; Esthonia;
Finland; Kolchak government; Latvia; Lithuania: and
Northern Russia: Provisional
government.
- Manchuria, Japanese policy, 214, 293, 324, 550, 566, 567, 581, 602
- Martens, L. (Soviet agent in United States),
credentials and proposals, 133–143; U. S. refusal to recognize and movement for
deportation. 143–149
- Mediation. See
Prinkipo.
- Mensheviks, 41, 46,
81, 83, 87, 93, 136, 452, 609
- Mirbach, Wilhelm, Count von (German Ambassador to
Soviet Republic), assassination, 28
- Mongolia, Japanese policy, 550, 581, 602
- Morris, Roland S. (U.
S. Ambassador to Japan): Reports of missions to Siberia, 210–212, 249–250, 256, 269–270, 292–294, 389, 394–398, 399–400, 401–412, 413–417, 417–418, 418–419, 422–423, 432–434, 439–441, 457, 475–477, 480, 514, 548–549, 565–568, 569–570, 570–571, 581–582; revolutionary movement in Vladivostok,
reported attitude toward, 424, 427–428, 516–517, 520
- Murman agreement of July 1918.
between local soviet and Allied and U. S. representatives, 626, 629–630
- Nansen, Fridtjof,
proposal for relief in Soviet Russia, 102, 111, 115; attitude of
Allied Powers, 103–109, 115–117, 351; Russian national groups,
109–110; Soviet
government, 111–115,
162, 351, 358–359, 368; United States, 99, 100, 103–109, 115–117, 162, 351
- Northern Russia (see also
Intervention):
- Allied and U. S. stores, guarding and disposition of, 8, 28, 156, 615–616, 641,
643, 645, 654, 660
- Allied troops (see also
Military operations, infra): Morale, 12, 23, 363, 608, 615,
620–621,
643: reenforcements, 5, 23, 35, 324, 359, 363,
364, 368, 617, 619, 624, 628, 629,
632, 638, 639, 641, 613, 644, 645,
648; withdrawal, 5, 7, 38, 57, 58, 285–286, 291, 292, 312,
314, 346, 359, 364, 368, 436, 617,
618–619,
623, 625, 639, 641, 643, 644–645, 648–649, 652, 654–655, 659,
661, 664, 704
- American Red Cross, 647, 731, 739
- Bolsheviks, activities, 609, 630, 637,
641, 642, 645, 651
- Constituent Assembly, regional, proposed, 353, 356–357, 658
- Coup d’état of September 1918, 32, 610
- Diplomatic missions, Allied and U. S., withdrawal, 644–645, 646–647, 653, 654,
659, 662, 664
- Military operations, 29,
40, 154,
365, 604, 605, 606–607, 608, 610,
611, 612, 613, 615, 616–617, 620,
621, 622, 624, 628, 629, 630, 632–633, 642,
643, 651
- Murman agreement of July 1918, between
local soviet and Allied and U. S. representatives, 626, 629–630
- Naval forces: Allied, 624, 628, 630,
648–649,
664; U. S., 619, 622, 624, 628,
637–638,
639, 640, 642–643, 645, 646, 647,
659
- Provisional government:
- Financial situation. 611, 614, 626
- Kerensky, attitude
of, 350, 352–353
- Loans and credits to, proposed, 614, 626, 630, 631, 635, 640, 648, 665
- Popular support, extent of, 37,
343, 607, 610–611, 650, 652, 653, 654, 657–659, 661, 662–663
- Prinkipo, attitude toward proposed conference at, 35–36,
37–38, 53–54, 71,
611, 619
- Recruitment in United States for Russian forces, proposed,
662; U. S. disapproval, 663
- Refugees, evacuation of, 625,
641–642, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 650, 653, 660, 661, 664
- Relations with Allied Powers, 5,
37, 58, 154, 342, 343, 346, 347, 361, 364, 370, 372, 611, 619, 625, [Page 803]
631, 632–633, 635, 642, 643, 644, 647–649, 653, 654, 655–657, 658, 659, 662; Finland, 370; Kolchak, 338–339, 355, 370, 372, 607, 610, 622, 623–624, 628, 633–634; Lithuania, 370;
Poland, 370; Soviet government,
16, 38, 53–54, 78–80, 655–656; United States, 37, 346, 347, 361, 372, 610, 611, 619, 627, 635, 636, 637–638, 643, 644, 647–649, 652, 655–657, 659, 660–661
- Relief, Allied and U. S., 162,
266, 383–384, 387, 605–606, 612–613, 618, 624, 630, 631–632, 636–637, 640–641, 644, 649, 653, 664–665, 726–727
- Russian troops (see also
Military operations, supra), 604, 608, 610, 611, 622, 624, 625, 628, 629, 631, 632–633, 638, 639, 641, 643, 645, 648, 651, 654–655, 656
- Social-Revolutionists, 37
- U. S. troops (see
also
Military operations, supra): Guarding of Allied and U. S.
stores, 8, 156, 615–616, 660; morale, 47, 607, 615, 616, 618, 620, 621, 623, 625, 628, 631: reenforcements, 35, 38,
613, 617, 620, 621, 622, 627–628; relations with Allied
Command and troops, 608, 612, 613, 615, 628, 629; withdrawal, 8–9, 58,
72, 245, 248–249, 323–324, 346, 616, 617, 618–619, 622, 623, 627–628, 629, 631, 634–635, 636, 637–639, 642, 646, 660–661
- Zemstvos, activities, 651,
652, 653–654, 655–659, 660, 662–663
- Omsk government. See
Kolchak
government.
- “Open door” policy, 247, 251, 293, 388, 415, 512
- Peace negotiations and overtures. See
Dorpat; Nansen; Prinkipo; and under
Esthonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania
and
Soviet government.
- Petlyura, Simon (see also
Southern Russia):
- Bolshevik tendencies, 11–12, 752
- French support, 752, 753, 781
- Government, strength of, 752, 763, 778,
789–790
- Military operations. See under
Southern Russia.
- Relations with Denikin,
752, 781, 788; Poles, 778, 779,
781, 788, 790; Rumania, 778, 790
- Petrograd: Attempted capture of, 114, 150, 152, 199, 670, 674, 681, 683, 685, 687, 688–690, 691, 696, 697–698, 699, 701–702, 703, 704, 707, 710, 713, 714, 724–726, 729, 731–732, 733–734, 735–736, 736–737, 739; U. S. plan for relief after capture, 162, 636, 664–665, 670, 671, 674, 690, 698–699, 707, 714, 721, 725, 726–727, 729–731, 733
- Poland:
- Allied support, 22, 69, 113, 114, 116
- Independence, 360, 369, 370,
377, 385
- Relations with—
- Allied Powers. See
Allied support, supra.
- Baltic provinces, 740, 744
- Denikin, 765, 766–768, 777, 782
- Kolchak, 342, 377, 448
- Petlyura, 778, 779, 781, 788, 790
- Soviet attitude, 16, 78–80
- Troops in Siberia, 226,
229, 231, 290, 299, 301, 302, 303–304, 305,
306, 307, 313, 315, 316, 318, 319,
320, 321
- Ukraine, territorial aspirations in, 777, 778, 779
- Poole, DeWitt C., U. S. Chargé in
Russia, resignation, 42–43, 46–47,
51
- Prinkipo, proposed conference at:
- British proposal, 2–3, 6–7, 11–14; U. S. modification, 19–25
- Invitation, text, 30–31; inclusion of small states, 34, 43–44
- Purpose, 35, 38, 51, 57, 60, 338, 352
- Replies to invitation: Baltic provinces, 49–50, 52–53, 668–669; Russian national
groups, 35–36,
37–38,
41–46,
53–55,
69–70,
71, 197,
390–391;
Soviet government, 39–42, 51–52, 60, 76, 112–113
- Suspension of plan, 56–67, 74, 112–113, 368
- Prisoners, repatriation (see also
U. S. citizens detained by Soviet authorities),
8, 79, 106, 121, 123, 124, 127, 128, 130–131, 132, 188, 195, 301, 305, 306, 308, 318, 400, 605, 658, 679, 680–681, 740, 769
- Propaganda, revolutionary: Attitude of Baltic provinces,
740; Council of Heads of Delegations, 159; France, 7; Great
Britain, 124; Japan, 600, 601, 602; Soviet government. 16, 26–27, 41; United States, 88,
156, 161, 164, 165, 166, 194, 196, 600
- Provisional government, All-Russian (Omsk). See
Kolchak
government.
- Provisional Government (1917), 142, 143, 374, 377, 392, 454, 456
- Provisional government of northern Russia. See
Northern Russia: Provisional
government.
- Railways. See
Chinese Eastern Railway
and
Inter-Allied agreement.
- Recruitment in United States for Baltic and Russian forces, U. S.
disapproval, 662, 663, 667, 668
- Red Army (see also
Petrograd: Attempted capture; and
Military operations
under
Baltic provinces, Northern
Russia, Siberia, and
Southern Russia), 12,
29, 81, 93–94, 136–137, 161, 211, 212, 226, 418, 452, 599, 601
- Red Cross. See
American Red Cross; Danish
Red Cross; and
Swedish Red Cross.
- Red terror. See
Terrorism.
- Relief. See
American Red Cross; Danish
Red Cross; Hoover; Nansen; Petrograd, U. S. plan for relief after capture; Swedish Red Cross; also
Relief
under
Baltic provinces, Latvia,
Northern Russia, and
Southern Russia.
- Root Mission (1917), 374
- Rozanov, General, activities, 309, 413, 510, 511, 513, 514, 515, 516, 521, 522–524, 526, 527–528, 529, 530, 539, 540, 541, 543–544, 546, 547, 548
- Rubles (see also
Bank notes), prohibition of traffic in: French,
163, 165, 166; U. S., 163, 164–167
- Rumania (see also
Bessarabia): Allied support, question of, 69, 113, 114; gold held by Soviet government, 161; Soviet attitude, 78–80; troops in Siberia, 301, 302, 303–304, 305, 306, 307, 313, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321; U. S. loan, 307,
310, 319
- Russian Bureau, Inc. (of War Trade Board): Establishment,
276; funds, use to aid Chinese Eastern and
Siberian railways, 243–244, 247, 248, 251, 261, 262–263, 265–268, 384; liquidation, 265–266, 384
- Russian Bureau, U. S., proposed new, 598–599
- Russian Northern Army Corps (Russian Northwestern Corps), 696, 704, 705, 708, 724, 733, 742, 743, 745, 746
- Russian northwestern government, 703, 708, 739–740, 743
- Russian Railway Service Corps. See under
Inter-Allied agreement.
- Russian representatives in Paris, 53–54, 110, 332–333, 431–432, 444–445, 712–713
- Semenov, Gen. Gregory:
- Chinese Eastern Railway, plan to seize, 528, 532, 535, 541,
587, 588
- Excesses of troops, 334, 426, 472,
512, 527
- Japanese support, alleged, 200–201, 232,
240–241,
272, 293, 334, 397, 416, 424–425, 426, 432,
433, 450, 460, 463, 467, 469, 470,
472, 475, 482, 484, 490, 492, 499,
501, 505, 509, 514, 527–528, 529–530, 531,
539, 540, 541, 550, 566, 567, 587
- Railway operation, interference with, 205, 235, 240–241, 426, 462–463, 498–499, 501,
505, 509–510, 512, 513,
528, 539, 541, 544, 566, 570, 571,
573, 578, 588
- Reactionary tendencies, 334, 335, 398–399, 413,
460, 475–476, 531
- Relations with—
- Czechoslovaks, 232–233, 234–235
- Great Britain, 330, 462–463, 467, 468
- Horvat, 486, 528
- Kalmikov, 515, 516, 527–528
- Kolchak, 216, 218, 227, 232, 240–241, 244, 322, 330, 335, 367, 397, 424–425, 432, 436, 441, 460, 462–463, 464, 467, 468, 472–473, 476, 479, 483, 486, 505, 509, 513, 514, 515, 518, 521, 527, 529, 531, 535, 541, 544, 550, 566, 567, 571, 573, 579, 588
- U. S. troops (see also
Graves: Relations with Semenov and other Cossack
leaders), 205, 432, 506–507, 515, 516, 527–528, 532, 539, 540, 541, 544, 550, 566, 569–570, 571, 573
- Siberia (see also
Czechoslovak troops in Siberia; Gaida, Gen. G.
R.; Graves, Gen. William S.; Inter-Allied agreement; Intervention;
Ivanov-Rinov; Japan;
Japanese troops in Siberia; Kalmikov; Kolchak government; Poland: Troops in
Siberia; Rumania: Troops
in Siberia; Semenov; U. S. troops in Siberia; and
Vladivostok):
- Allied and U. S. troops, 195, 201, 214, 239,
240, 257, 264, 271, 272, 273, 284,
292–293,
329–330,
330–337,
340, 358, 392, 399, 404, 409, 411,
412, 415, 459, 461, 464, 466, 472,
476, 477, 489, 490, 491, 492, 501,
509, 523, 524, 527–528, 530, 533,
536, 564, 565, 576
- Allied commercial committee, proposed, 410, 433, 440
- Allied commission to repatriate friendly troops and enemy
prisoners, 301, 302–303, 305, 306,
307
- Allied High Command, 459–460, 461–462, 463
- Allied military supply committee, proposed, 410
- American Red Cross. See
American Red Cross: Activities in
Siberia.
- Bolsheviks (see also
Military operations, infra), activities, 196, 202, 204,
209, 212, 222, 229, 234, 235, 236,
281, 282, 334, 452, 465, 476, 488–489, 492,
495, 496, 500, 504, 509, 514, 533,
536, 571, 573, 599
- Economic relief. See
Inter-Allied agreement.
- Factional strife, U. S. noninterference, 397, 416,
467, 468, 472, 473, 474, 476–477, 480, 489,
491–492,
493, 498, 502–503, 548, 549–550, 554, 555
- Financial situation (see also
Kolchak
government: Bank notes
and
Monetary reform), 426–427, 433, 450,
451
- Military operations against Bolsheviks, 40–41, 58–59, 135, 195–200, 201,
202, 214, 216–217, 217–218, 219,
220–221,
223, 224, 225–226, 227–229, 231,
232, 234, 310–311, 347, 365, 371,
382, 391, 394, 410–411, 414, 415,
417, 418, 425, 429, 437, 445, 446,
448, 517, 551
- Reactionary movements, 334, 464, 465,
467, 470–471, 475–477, 478, 480–481, 483,
484, 528
- Relief. See
American Red Cross; American Relief Administration; and
cooperative societies.
- Siberian railway. See
Inter-Allied agreement.
- Social-Revolutionists, 45, 196, 200,
202, 226, 228, 229, 232, 233–234, 373, 428–429, 464–465, 466,
482, 520, 543–544
- Swedish Red Cross representatives, alleged murder by Cossacks,
487
- U. S. policy. See
Factional strife, supra;
and
Inter-Allied agreement; Japan: Siberian
policy; Kolchak government: U.
S. nonrecognition
and
U. S. support; and
U. S. troops in Siberia.
- Zemstvos. See
Zemstvos, Siberian: Activities.
- Siberian railways. See
Inter-Allied agreement.
- Social-Revolutionists. See under
Northern Russia, Siberia,
Soviet government, and
Vladivostok.
- Southern Russia and the Ukraine (see
also
Denikin,
Intervention, and
Petlyura):
- Allied troops operating in region, 312, 752,
754–755,
757, 758, 760, 777
- American Red Cross, 762, 770, 771,
778–779,
780, 781, 788, 789
- Bolshevik movements, local, 752, 754, 758,
760
- Bolshevik terrorism, 768, 769, 772–773, 773–774, 775–776, 782
- Economic and financial situation, 25,
751–752,
753–754,
755, 756, 757, 760, 768–769, 771,
774, 776–777, 778, 781–782
- Jadwin, Gen., report, 779, 780
- Jews, treatment of, 113, 777, 778,
780, 782–783
- Land reforms, proposed, 755–756, 756–757, 761,
783
- Military operations, 41, 135, 208,
211, 217–218, 229, 365,
446, 704–705, 709, 726,
752–753,
754–755,
757, 758, 759, 760, 762, 764–765, 766–768, 770, 774,
777, 781, 782
- Refugees, evacuation of, 758, 759, 768
- Relief, 730–731, 751–752, 753,
780
- U. S. Army surplus stocks, sale of, 775, 776,
779–780,
781, 783, 784–790
- U. S. consular officers: Assignment to Odessa, 750; withdrawal, 757, 777
- U. S. mission: Dispatch and withdrawal, 750–751, 769–770, 770–771, 772; reports, 751–752, 755–757, 758–759, 763, 765,
770, 778
- U. S. observers, assignments and reports, 773, 778, 779, 780,
781–783,
784
- U. S. special agent, appointment, 777
- Soviet government (see also
Blockade; Communist
Party; Czechoslovak troops in Siberia:
Relations with Bolsheviks; Intervention; Italy; Japan; Kolchak government; League of Nations; Northern
Russia; Petrograd; Prinkipo; Prisoners; Propaganda; Red Army;
Siberia; Southern
Russia: Military operations; Trade restrictions; and
U. S. citizens):
- American Red Cross, 26, 33, 99
- Attitude of Allied and Associated Powers, 116–117, 359, 368,
400; France, 7, 21, 132, 351; Great Britain, 5, 7, 11–13, 20, 122, 125, 126,
129, 132, 329, 330, 738; Italy, 20, 23–24, 132;
Kerensky, 337–338;
United States, 13–14, 20–21, 24, 27, 29–30, 119–120, 123, 124, 125,
127, 129–130, 132, 133,
143, 144, 145, 146, 149, 248, 249,
251, 323–324, 325, 343–344, 351,
352, 451–453, 743
- Brest-Litovsk, treaty of, 16, 18, 22, 27, 30, 45, 49, 54, 135, 383, 655
- Bullitt mission, 74–98, 178–179
- Cheka (Extraordinary Commission against Counter-Revolution), 26, 86, 91, 125
- Concessions, mining and other, purported Soviet offers, 15, 21, 40, 52, 57, 60, 88, 94–95, 144, 145
- Constituent assembly, proposed new, attitude toward, 230, 235
- Copenhagen conference, British-Soviet, for exchange of prisoners,
121, 123–124, 125, 127–128. 130–131, 132,
745
- “Cordon sanitaire,” 12, 23–24, 129, 713,
720
- Debt, Russian foreign, attitude toward, 15, 18, 40, 57, 60, 76–77, 80, 88, 95, 106, 142
- Denikin, attitude toward,
16, 78,
92, 113,
125
- Diplomatic missions, Allied and U. S., withdrawal from Russia,
8, 27, 28–29
- Economic situation, reports of, 33–34, 82–83, 85–86, 89–91, 96, 98–99, 100–102
- Financial transactions with: Attitude of Great
Britain, 162; Soviet government, 16, 40, 78, 88, 94–95; United
States, 161, 163
- Germany, relations with, 29, 30, 62, 63–64, 690, 713,
720, 734
- Kolchak government,
attitude toward, 16, 17, 78–80, 92, 113–114, 125
- Lenin, N., 27, 51–52, 77, 80, 83, 87–88, 94, 99, 116, 124,
130, 351, 451–452
- Martens, L. (Soviet agent in United States),
133–149
- Peace negotiations with Baltic provinces. See
under individual countries.
- Peace overtures, 1–2, 3, 9, 15–19, 26, 77–80, 83, 84, 88, 89, 123–124, 125, 127,
128, 130–132
- Poland, attitude toward, 16, 78–80
- Recognition (see also
Attitude, supra),
Soviet overtures, 9, 26, 30, 124, 140
- Relief. See
American Red Cross; Nansen; Petrograd; Swedish Red
Cross; also Economic situation, supra.
- Rumania: Attitude toward, 78–80; gold held by Soviet government, 161
- Social-Revolutionists, 41, 81, 82, 83, 87, 92–93, 136, 609,
687
- Stability, reports, 11, 12, 18, 81, 82, 83, 86, 99, 124, 126, 140,
204, 337, 341, 687–688, 726
- Territorial cession, purported offer of, 40, 52, 57, 60
- Terrorism, 26, 29, 86, 91, 99, 138–139, 327, 687,
772–773,
773–774,
775–776
- Tredwell, Roger Culver (U. S. consul),
detention and release. See
Tredwell.
- Supreme Council, minutes of meetings, 4–6, 10–14, 18–25, 30–31, 34, 59–67, 341–342, 345–347, 350–366, 367–370, 374–379, 496–497
- Supreme War Council, minutes of meeting, 56–59
- Swedish Red Cross: Relief proposal, 99–100; representatives in Siberia,
alleged murder by Kalmikov, 487
- Technical Board, Inter-Allied. See under
Inter-Allied agreement.
- Territorial cession, purported Soviet offer, 40, 52, 57,
60
- Terrorism, 26, 29, 86, 91, 99, 138–139, 327, 678, 679–680, 768, 769, 782
- Trade restrictions, continuance by Allied and Associated
Powers, 12, 20–27, 78, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 94, 112, 124, 127–128, 131, 136, 137, 140–141, 149, 150–151, 152, 156–157, 158–167, 325
- Trans-Siberian Railway. See
Inter-Allied agreement.
- Tredwell, Roger Culver (U. S. consul),
detention by Soviet authorities and release, 149, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172–173, 174–175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181–184, 189, 190
- Ukraine. See
Southern Russia
and
Petlyura.
- U. S. Ambassador to Japan. See
Morris, Roland
S.
- U. S. Ambassador to Russia, 8, 27–30
- U. S. Chargé in Russia (Archangel), resignation, 42–43, 46–47, 51
- U. S. citizens detained by Soviet authorities, release of:
Efforts to effect, 149, 167–190; British assistance, 167, 169–170, 173–174; French cooperation, 169, 172; Soviet attitude, 170–171, 175, 177–178, 179, 180, 184–185, 186, 187, 188–189, 664
- U. S. Grain Corporation, 162, 636, 726–727
- U. S. Liquidation Commission, 697, 700–701
- U. S. trade restrictions. See
Trade restrictions.
- U. S. troops in northern Russia. See
Intervention
and
Northern Russia: U. S.
troops.
- U. S. troops in Siberia (see also
Graves, Gen. William
S., and
Intervention):
- Factional strife, nonparticipation in, 345, 346, 467, 474–475, 480–481, 489,
491–492,
493, 494–496, 497–498, 499–500, 506, 507–508
- Guarding of railways, 156, 235, 239, 253,
257, 271, 272, 284, 288, 289, 295,
324, 345, 346, 357, 391, 392–393, 393–394, 410, 412–413, 434,
460, 461, 476–477, 481, 491, 492–493, 500,
502, 503, 504, 506–509, 541, 544,
552, 553, 555, 566, 569, 579, 585,
600, 602
- Reenforcements, question of, 220, 286, 293–294, 295,
345–346,
410, 412–413, 417, 421,
422, 423, 438, 440, 553
- Relations with—
- Allied High Command, 459–460, 461–462, 463
- Cossacks. See
Ivanov-Rinov; Kalmikov; and
Semenov.
- Czechoslovak troops. See
Czechoslovak troops in Siberia:
U. S. assistance and
protection.
- Japanese, 205, 272, 336, 345, 459, 460, 461, 463, 474–475, 489, 493, 500, 521, 540, 541–542, 544, 558, 562
- Siberian forces (see also
Ivanov-Rinov; Kalmikov; Rozanov; and
Semenov), 205, 340, 345, 346, 385, 434, 467, 490, 492–493, 494–496, 499, 500, 502–503, 506–507, 514–515, 516, 517–518, 519, 521, 522–528, 530, 532, 535, 566
- Withdrawal, question of, 214, 245, 282,
323–324,
340, 345, 346, 391–394, 434, 461,
476–477,
525, 549, 577, 585, 589, 600, 601
- Versailles Conference, question of Russian representation, 4–6, 10, 11
- Vladivostok (see also
Ivanov-Rinov; Japanese troops
in Siberia; Kalmikov; Rozanov; Semenov; Siberia; and
U. S. troops in Siberia):
- Counter-revolutionary movements (see also
Gaida
revolt, infra), 235, 424,
427–429,
432, 518, 519–520, 532, 543–544
- Fortress incident, 521, 522–524, 525–527, 530
- Gaida
revolt, 272, 314, 546–548
- Horvat, Gen. Dmitri L.,
activities, 244, 475, 485–486, 501,
503, 510, 511, 513, 516, 528
- Japanese activities, 467, 469, 471,
472, 475, 476
- Social-Revolutionists. See
Counter-revolutionary movements, supra.
- Zemstvo, arrests of members of, 398–399, 471, 475,
476, 478, 479, 482, 549
- Volunteer Army. See
Denikin.
- War Trade Board (see also
Russian Bureau, Inc.), 290–291, 326, 387, 388–389, 426–427, 439
- White Russia (Ruthenia): Independence movement, 380–381; relations with Baltic
provinces, 740
- Y. M. C. A., activities in Siberia and northern Russia, 326, 328, 627, 629
- Yudenich, Gen. Nicholas N.
See
Baltic provinces: White Russian
troops.
- Yugoslavia: Troops in Siberia, 299, 301, 302, 303–304, 305, 306, 307, 313, 315, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321; U. S. loan, 307, 310, 319; withdrawal
of chargé from Archangel, 659
- Zemstvos: North Russian, activities, 651, 652, 653–654, 655–659, 660, 662–663; Siberian, activities, 200, 202, 217, 218, 219–220, 334, 338, 348, 369, 377, 398–399, 404, 408, 413–414, 418, 422, 432, 437, 470, 471, 475, 476, 478, 479, 482, 485, 494, 546, 549, 550, 596, 597, 598