Index

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INDEX

• Albania (see also Peace terms and attitude), guarantee of independence asked, 378
• Allied Blockade Committee. See under Trade Regulation by Allied Powers: Administrative organizations.
• Allied Maritime Transport Council. See under Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers: Administrative organizations.
• Allied Maritime Transport Executive, 512
• Alsace-Lorraine. See under Peace terms and attitude.
• American Expeditionary Forces. See under Military cooperation, United States and Allied Powers: U. S. provision of military units.
• American Federation of Labor:
  • Delegation, visit to France, 230, 259, 330–331; Great Britain, 189, 259; Italy, 300, 378
  • International Socialist Conference, attitude, 250–251, 259, 299
• Arab nation, reports on independence efforts, 237–238, 241–244; U.S. efforts to align with Allies, 282
• Argentina:
  • Attitude toward war, possibility of Uruguayan action affecting, 682, 686–687
  • Economic agreement with United States and Allied Powers, proposal, 671–672, 673, 674, 677, 678–680, 691, 730–733
    • Attitude of France, 677; Great Britain, 677; United States, 672, 673–674, 681, 730–733
  • German ships:
    • Purchase, 729, 736–737, 1747–1748, 1749–1750, 1751–1754
    • Seizure, 738–739, 1752; U.S. attitude, 680, 728, 731, 732, 736–737
    • U.S. negotiations for, 677, 678, 1746–1747
  • U.S. ships taken over from neutrals, status, 1748, 1793–1794, 1795–1797
• Armaments, reduction of. See under Peace terms and attitude.
• Armed merchant ships in neutral ports, U.S. inquiries concerning treatment, 1790, 1792, 1796:
  • Status in Argentina, 1797; Honduras, 1790; Netherlands, 1792; statement concerning Central and South American countries, 1790–1791
• Armenian national movement:
  • Armenian and Georgian army, question of formation, 886, 887, 888–889, 889–893
  • Armistice terms, proposed, 894–895
  • National Delegation, request for recognition as belligerent, 894
  • Situation in Armenia, reports on, 886–887, 887–889, 889–890, 891–893
  • United States, recruiting of volunteers in, 885–886, 890–891; request for assistance from, 886–887; U.S. profession of sympathy, 889
• Armistice:
  • Austria-Hungary with, United States and Allied Powers:
    • Attitude of Austria-Hungary, 341, 404–405, 429, 440, 441; Brazil, 733–734; Czecho-Slovak Provisional Government, 858–859; France, 345; Italy, 375–376, 378–379, 431–432, 441; United States, 346, 368, 429–430
    • Communications transmitted:
      • Oct. 7, Austro-Hungarian note asking armistice, 341
      • Oct. 19, U.S. reply, rejecting autonomy of peoples as peace basis, 368; Italian attitude, 378–379
      • Oct. 29, Austro-Hungarian note accepting President Wilson’s terms, 404–405; Czecho-Slovak protest, 858–859
      • Oct. 30, Austro-Hungarian note reiterating desire for armistice, 429
      • Oct. 31, U.S. promise to discuss armistice with Allied Powers, 429–430
    • Negotiations, 441, 444–445
    • Signing (Nov. 3), 447
    • Terms advocated by Italy, 375–376; Supreme War Council, 430–431, 433–435; United States, 368
    • Terms imposed by United States and Allied Powers, 433–435, 447
  • Bulgaria with Allied Powers:
    • Attitude of Austria-Hungary, 338, 339–340; Bulgaria, 322, 323, 325–326, 329, 330; Great Britain, 330; United States, 324, 325, 334
    • Communications exchanged:
      • Sept. 25–27, Bulgarian armistice proposals, 322, 323, 329, 330
      • Sept. 27, U.S. offer to mediate with Allied Powers, 324
    • Negotiations, 329, 476–479
    • Signing (Sept. 29), 331; reception in Bulgaria, 479–480
    • Terms imposed by Allied Powers, 331, 344:
      • U.S. insistence that peace negotiations be deferred to final peace conference, 334; British adherence to view, 474; Serbian adherence, 863
  • Germany with United States and Allied Powers:
    • Attitude of Belgium, 344, 448, 456; France, 344, 345–346, 352, 353, 354, 355–356, 363–365, 398–399, 413, 422, 425–426, 427, 448, 456, 489–490; Germany, 338, 350–351, 357–358, 372–375, 380–381, 395–396, 417–418, 443–444, 486–487; Great Britain, 351–352, 353, 365–367, 413–415, 421–423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 455–456; Italy, 352, 353, 355, 356–357, 362–363, 377–378, 384–385, 427, 448, 456; Russia, 356, 435–438, 443; United States, 343, 346, 358–359, 381–383, 422, 423–424, 425–426, 427–428, 430, 443, 468–469
    • Communications exchanged:
      • Oct. 4, German note asking armistice, 338, 350
      • Oct. 8, U.S. reply, requesting further explanation, 343; Allied anxiety regarding U.S. response, 344, 345, 346, 354
      • Oct. 12, German note accepting “Fourteen Points”, 357–358
      • Oct. 14, U.S. reply demanding end of arbitrary power, 358–359
      • Oct. 20, German note affirming democracy in government, 380–381; Italian observations, 384–385
      • Oct. 23, U.S. note promising to discuss armistice with Allied Powers, 381–383
      • Oct. 23, correspondence submitted to Allied Powers by United States, 383; Allied reaction, 413–414, 421–423, 424, 425–427, 431, 438, 444–445, 448, 455–457, 460–462, 463
      • Oct. 25, correspondence submitted to Rumania by United States, 782–783
      • Oct. 27, German note announcing readiness for proposals, 395–396
      • Nov. 4, Allied note to President Wilson, agreeing to make peace, 461
      • Nov. 5, U.S. note to Germany announcing armistice negotiations might begin, 468–469
    • House, Col. E. M., participation in negotiations, 344, 353–354, 361, 405–413, 421–428, 430–431, 438, 441–443, 444–445, 448, 455–457, 460–462, 463–468, 480, 481–482, 482–483, 485–486, 489–490, 492, 493–498
    • Negotiations, 456, 460–461, 463, 468–469, 474, 480, 481–482, 482–483, 485, 486, 489–490, 493–494
    • Report, false, concerning signing, 480, 483, 485
    • Signing (Nov. 11), 492, 494
    • Terms advocated by United States, 343, 358–359; other suggestions, 351, 363–364, 431, 437–438, 461, 463–468, 615–616
      • Reception by Allied Powers, 351–352, 353, 354, 355–356, 356–357, 362–363, 363–367, 377, 421–423, 490–491; by Germany, 357–358, 372, 373, 374, 375
    • Terms imposed by United States and Allied Powers, 463–468, 494–498
    • Versailles, selection as site for peace conference, 426, 485–486
  • Turkey with Allied Powers:
    • Attitude of Armenians, 894–895; France, 427; Great Britain, 344, 384, 427; Turkey, 360; United States, 428
    • Communications exchanged:
      • Oct. 12, Turkish note to United States asking armistice, 360
      • Oct. 31, U.S. promise to communicate with Allied Powers, 428
    • Signing (Oct. 31), 441
    • Terms advocated by Armenians, 894–895; Great Britain, 344, 384
    • Terms imposed by Allied Powers, 441–443
• Australia, protest at nonconsultation in regard to peace terms, 490–491
• Austria, autonomy movement in Austria-Hungary, 392, 397, 404, 438–439, 440, 445–446, 473
• Austria-Hungary (see also Armistice: Austria-Hungary with United States and Allied Powers; and Peace terms and attitude):
  • Bolshevik menace, 419, 447, 472, 473, 474
  • Bulgarian armistice with Allied Powers, effect, 338, 339–340
  • Czecho-Slovak national movement. See Czecho-Slovak national movement.
  • Emperor:
    • Abdication rumored, 473
    • Manifesto granting federalization to Austria, 367–368
    • Meeting with German emperor, comment on, 231–232, 261
    • Message to Prince Sixte de Bourbon, 203, 213, 215
    • Messages to President Wilson via Spain (Feb. 18), 126–127, 128–129, 138–139, 149, 182–183; British attitude, 140–141; German approval alleged, 128, 139, 141; President Wilson’s reply, 183–184; (Mar. 23), 184–186
    • Ukrainian peace declaration, 120
  • Germany, relations with, 35, 45, 46, 90, 146, 173, 191, 444
  • Jugo-Slav national movement. See Jugo-Slav national movement.
  • Labor, peace attitude, 246–247, 250–251
  • League of nations, attitude, 59, 89
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs (Czernin), addresses:
    • Jan. 24, to Committee on Foreign Affairs of Austrian Delegation, 54–59
      • Reception in Germany, 44, 47, 48; Great Britain, 43; Supreme War Council, 70–71; United States, 108, 111–112; Vatican, 68
      • Secret communication to President Wilson reported and denied, 51–52, 67n, 88, 190
    • Apr. 2, to Common Council of Vienna, 189–195
  • Peace:
    • Attitude, statements and reports on, 21, 23, 34, 36, 45, 54–59, 61–62, 87–95, 98–102, 103–104, 124–125, 150–151, 190–195, 246–247, 306–309, 328, 338–340, 341, 369–370, 419–421, 440
    • Conversations, informal, directed toward United States, 60–62, 82–105, 203–204, 369–370, 419–421; U.S. attitude, 379
    • Proposals:
      • Emperor Charles to President Wilson, 126–127, 128–129, 138–139, 149, 182–183, 184–186
      • Emperor Charles to Prince Sixte de Bourbon, 203, 213, 215
      • Note (Sept. 16) to United States and Allied Powers, 306–309; attitude and replies of Brazil, 733–734; Bulgaria, 326–327; Germany, 311–312; Great Britain, 310; United States, 309–310
      • Note (Oct. 6) to President Wilson, asking armistice, 341
      • Note (Oct. 29) accepting President Wilson’s terms, 404–405
    • Treaties. See Treaties: Brest-Litovsk; Bucharest.
  • Polish national movement. See Polish national movement.
  • Prisoner-of-war conferences, 312–313
  • Serbian ultimatum, revelations concerning, 97–98
  • Ships. See under Spain and Uruguay.
  • United States, possibility of loan from, 119, 129–130
  • Unrest, 45–46, 106, 438–439, 800, 801, 806, 856, 860–861, 862–863
  • War with United States and Allied Powers:
    • Aims, statements and reports on, 45, 54–59
    • Declaration of war by Nicaragua, 687–688, 692–693
    • Offensives on Italian front, 223, 273, 324–325, 337, 362, 377, 386, 419, 432, 801; western front, 190–191
• Baden, Prince Max of. See under Germany: Chancellor.
• Belgium (see also Peace terms and attitude):
  • Armistice with Germany, attitude toward, 344, 448, 456
  • Committee for Relief in Belgium, supplies for, 1401, 1455–1456, 1466, 1483, 1485, 1527, 1528, 1550–1551, 1583
  • Peace overtures by Germany, 288–289, 296, 303–304; attitude of Belgium, 144, 289, 296, 304; Great Britain, 296; United States, 304
  • Political prisoners and deported nationals, German promise of release, 370–372
• Black list. See Trade regulation by United States: Enemy trading lists.
• Blockade (see also Financial cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Trade regulation by Allied Powers; and Trade regulation by United States), U.S. policy toward, 928–929
• Brazil:
  • Austro-Hungarian peace note (Sept. 16), attitude toward, 733–734
  • Economic situation:
    • Coffee industry, 700–701, 705–707, 719–720, 720–722, 726, 734, 735–736, 739–740
    • Effect of establishment of import restrictions in United States, 683–681, 700–701, 705–707, 719–720, 721
    • Washington conference called by United States, 697–699, 705–707; approval of Allied Powers and Brazil, 699, 701, 702, 705, 708; negotiations, 727–728, 729, 734–736
  • German ships, negotiations with France, 498–499, 500, 504–505, 506, 729; United States, 727–728, 729, 734, 736
  • Naval forces, cooperation with U.S. fleet, 662–663, 665–666
• Brest-Litovsk, treaty of. See under Treaties.
• Bucharest, treaty of. See under Treaties.
• Bulgaria (see also Armistice: Bulgaria with Allied Powers and Peace terms and attitude):
  • Coup d’état, plans for, 283–284, 290–291
  • Czar, abdication, 479
  • Germany, attitude toward, 65, 66, 147, 293, 329, 476–478
  • Greece, understanding sought with, 216
  • Peace:
    • Attitude, statements and reports on, 3, 65–67, 147–149, 262–264, 283–284, 326–327
    • Overtures, possibility of, 262–264, 266–267; U.S. attitude toward facilitating, 267
    • Proposals, reply to Austro-Hungarian note, 326–327
    • Treaties. See Treaties: Brest-Litovsk; Bucharest.
  • United States:
    • U.S. complaint regarding hostile acts, 258; Bulgarian denials, 279, 290, 292–293
    • U.S. loan, possibility, 148
  • War with Allied Powers, aims, statements and reports on, 65–66, 266
• Bunker control (see also under Trade regulation by United States), Cuban regulations, 1737–1738, 1740, 1741, 1744, 1745–1746
• “Call at Halifax”:
  • Attitude and practice of Great Britain, 956–957, 1257; U.S. attitude, 938, 941, 1745
  • Elimination, question of, 941, 956–957, 969, 1003–1005, 1010–1011, 1012–1013
• Censorship:
  • British cooperation with United States, 1756
  • Cuban, establishment with U.S. aid, 1729–1730, 1731–1733, 1735, 1736–1737, 1739–1740
  • Diplomatic and consular mail, regulations and practices of Great Britain, 1756–1757, 1757–1759, 1760; United States, 1755–1756, 1757, 1759–1760
  • French, of American news dispatches, 423
  • Postal correspondence, U.S. policy toward, 927, 930
• Chile:
  • Crew of wrecked belligerent warship, treatment, 1789–1790
  • German ships:
    • Purchase, 1748–1749, 1750
    • Seizure, 715–716, 719, 726, 727, 738; U.S. attitude, 716, 717, 718–719, 726–727, 737
    • U.S. negotiations, 715–716, 717, 718–719, 726–727; British, 737–738
  • United States:
    • Declaration of war on Austria-Hungary, attitude, 662
    • Ships taken over from neutrals, status, 1793
    • Suspension of oil shipments pending assurances, 709–710, 711–713; Chilean assurances of nonenemy use, 710, 711–712, 717–718
• China:
  • Enemy aliens:
    • Deportation to Australia, plans for, 630–632, 634–635:
      • Attitude of Allied Powers, 631, 635, 649, 650–652, 653–654; Germany, 648; United States, 630, 631–632, 649–650, 653–654
      • Sharing of expenses, discussions, 632, 634, 637
      • Withdrawal of plan, 652, 654
    • Internment, proposal, 655, 656, 657
    • Repatriation, proposal, 652–653, 654–655
  • Peace conference, Chinese request for favorable treatment at, 630; attitude of Allied Powers, 631, 635, 653–654; United States, 630, 631–632, 635, 653–654
  • Troops, discussions regarding dispatch to Europe, 624–625, 625–626, 633–634, 644–645; U.S. attitude, 625, 634
• Coal and Coke Committee, 590
• Colombia:
  • German ship, U.S. representations regarding destruction, 695
  • U.S. ships, withdrawal from Colombian trade, 720, 727
• Committee for Relief in Belgium, 1401, 1455–1456, 1466, 1483, 1485, 1527, 1528, 1550–1551, 1583
• Congress of Oppressed Races of Austria-Hungary:
  • Attitude of Great Britain, 801; Italy, 801, 867; United States, 801, 803, 808–809
  • Composition, 795–796, 799
  • Resolutions, 796–797
• Conference of American states, 662, 665
• Consular officers of belligerent states, prevention of violation of neutrality laws, 1805–1807
• Contraband Committee, U.S., 962–963
• Contraband Of war, British additions to absolute contraband list, 917–918, 921–922; U.S. policy, 918–922
• Convoy:
  • Netherland, to Dutch East Indies, 1479, 1483–1484, 1494–1495, 1502–1504, 1507–1508, 1511–1512
  • United States, policy and practice, 926–927, 935, 1607, 1619–1620, 1624
• Corfu, Declaration of, 828–831, 843, 852–853
• Costa Rica, declaration of war on Germany, 692
• Cotton, agreement of May 8 between United States, Allied Powers, and Switzerland regarding, 1605–1606, 1621, 1636–1637
• Cotton Committee, 572, 590
• Credits. See under Financial cooperation, United States and Allied Powers.
• Cuba:
  • Bunkering regulations, 1737–1738, 1740, 1741, 1744, 1745–1746
  • Censorship, establishment, 1729–1730, 1731–1733, 1735, 1736–1737, 1739–1740
  • German ships, U.S. negotiations for, 674–675, 677–678, 680, 682
  • Mexican diplomatic representative, recall, 691, 694, 696
  • War with Austria-Hungary and Germany:
    • Cooperation with United States against submarines, 702–704, 707–708
    • Troops, discussions regarding dispatch to Europe, 722–726
• Czecho-Slovak national movement (see also Peace terms and attitude):
  • Armistice with Austria-Hungary, attitude of Provisional Government toward, 858–859
  • Congress of Oppressed Races of Austria-Hungary:
    • Attitude of Great Britain, 801; Italy, 801, 867; United States, 801, 803, 808–809
    • Composition, 795–796, 799
    • Resolutions, 796–797
  • Czecho-Slovak Army:
    • Formation, 800, 802–803, 810, 815, 821
    • Recognition by Great Britain, 811, 824, 845; Italy, 802; Japan, 825
  • Czecho-Slovak National Council:
    • Agreements with Great Britain, 844–845; Italy, 802–803, 867
    • De facto government, recognition by France, 810–811, 813–814, 816–817, 846; Great Britain, 810–811, 814, 815, 824, 844–845, 846; Italy, 803, 810–811, 846; Japan, 825; United States, 814, 817–818, 824–825, 846
    • Organization, 802
    • Provisional Government, 846–851; recognition by France, 856; Italy, 856; attitude toward armistice with Austria-Hungary, 858–859
    • United States:
      • Appointment of commissioner to, 870
      • Loan from, 851–852, 854–856, 859–860
  • Nationalist aspirations, 339, 340, 392–393, 396–397, 446, 473, 807–808, 814–815, 818–821, 846–851, 857, 858–859, 861, 864; attitude of Allied Powers, 809–810; United States, 368, 808–809, 815–816, 827–818
  • Slavic Legion, formation in United States, 827–828
  • U.S. assistance, suggestions, 800–801, 804–806, 806–808
• Czernin von Chudenitz, Ottokar, Count. See under Austria-Hungary: Minister of Foreign Affairs.
• Declaration of Corfu, 828–831, 843, 852–853
• Declaration of London, 1747, 1754
• De Fiori, conversations with Prof. George D. Herron, 267, 276–279, 286, 288, 290, 291, 297
• Denmark (see also Trade regulation by Allied Powers and Trade regulation by United States):
  • Germany:
    • Commercial agreement with, 1330–1331, 1335
    • Safe-conducts, attitude toward, 1087–1088, 1104–1106
  • Ships. See under Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers: Procurement of neutral ships.
• Ebert, Friedrich. See under Germany: Chancellor.
• Embargo. See under Trade regulation by United States: Exports control.
• Enemy aliens, treatment. See under China and Honduras.
• Enemy property, treatment in Guatemala, 682–683; Honduras, 693, 695–696
• Estonia (see also Peace terms and attitude), attitude of Italy toward nationalist aspirations, 810
• Financial cooperation, United States and Allied Powers:
  • “Certificates of interest”, use required by United States, 982
  • Credits, establishment in Netherlands, 1553, 1566, 1570, 1575; Spain, 1686–1687, 1689, 1696–1699, 1700–1701, 1702, 1704–1705, 1706–1711; Sweden, 1260–1263; Switzerland, 1593, 1595–1596, 1598–1599, 1644–1645, 1647
  • Financial blockade of Central Powers, Allied proposal, 965–968; U.S. policy, 951, 953–955, 977
  • Inter-Allied Council on War Purchases and Finance, U.S. objection to political pronouncement, 125
  • Loans, U.S. to Austria-Hungary intimated, 119, 129–130; to Bulgaria intimated, 148; to Czecho-Slovak National Council, 851–852, 854–856, 859–860
• Finland, independence recognized by France and Great Britain, 20
• Flag, transfer of merchant ships from belligerent to neutral, attitude of France, 1632–1633, 1656–1657; Great Britain, 1642, 1728, 1750, 1751–1752, 1753; United States, 927, 1622–1623, 1628, 1633–1636, 1639–1641, 1657–1658, 1747–1750, 1751, 1753–1754
• Foch, Ferdinand, armistice terms proposed, 351
• Food cooperation, United States and Allied Powers:
  • Administrative organizations:
    • Inter-Allied Food Council, 557, 597–599, 615–616
    • Inter-Allied Food Council Committee of Representatives, 558
    • Meats and Fats Executive, 558, 572, 590
    • Oil and Oilseeds Executive, 558, 572, 590
    • Sugar Programme Committee, 558, 572, 590
    • Wheat Executive, 558, 567, 572, 589
  • Conference of Food Controllers at London (July), joint resolutions, 556–558; U.S. representation, 551, 556
  • Pork products, U.S. efforts to increase takings by Allied Powers, 539–540, 541, 550–551, 551–555; Allied reluctance, 540, 552, 553, 555
  • Post-war cooperation, Allied proposal, 612–614, 615–616; U.S. objection, 616–617
  • Wheat crisis, U.S. measures to meet, 535–536, 536–537, 538, 541–544, 547–550; Allied gratitude for U.S. efforts, 545, 549, 550; Allied pleas for increased assistance, 536, 537–538, 540–541, 545–547
• “Fourteen Points”, President Wilson’s. See under Wilson, Woodrow : Addresses.
• France (see also Armistice; Financial cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Food cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Labor and Socialist movement; Military cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Naval cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Peace conference; Peace terms and attitude; Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Supplies procurement, United States and Allied Powers; Trade regulation by Allied Powers; and Trade regulation by United States):
  • Brest-Litovsk, attitude toward treaty of, 29–30
  • Censorship of American news dispatches, 423
  • Czecho-Slovak National Council, recognition, 810–811, 813–814, 816–817, 846; Provisional Government, recognition, 856
  • Evacuation of Paris, plans for possible, 253–255
  • Flag, transfer of merchant ships from belligerent to neutral, attitude, 1632–1633, 1656–1657
  • German safe-conducts for neutral ships, attitude, 1084–1085, 1090–1095, 1100–1104, 1107, 1722–1723
  • League of nations, attitude toward, 29, 422
  • Liberia. See Liberia.
  • Mining of Norwegian territorial waters, attitude, 1771, 1782
  • Morale of people, 214–215, 254–255
  • Pact of London, attitude toward, 30, 210, 375
  • Peace:
    • Attitude, statements and reports on, 210–213, 345, 355–356, 363–365, 398–403
    • Reaction to proposal of Emperor Charles to Prince Sixte de Bourbon, 203, 213, 215
  • Persia. See Persia.
  • Polish national movement, recognition of army, 878–879; of national aspirations, 809–810, 871–872
  • President (Poincaré), message commending American troops, 256
  • War with Central Powers, statements and reports on aims, 29, 30, 352
• “Freedom of the Seas.” See under Peace terms and attitude.
• Germany (see also Armistice: Germany with United States and Allied Powers; Peace terms and attitude; and Treaties):
  • Austria-Hungary, relations with, 35, 45, 46, 90, 146, 173, 191, 444
  • Belgian political prisoners and deported nationals, promise of release, 370–372
  • Black list, 1032
  • Chancellor (Hertling):
    • Addresses on war aims and peace terms of—
      • Jan. 24, to Reichstag, 38–42; reception in Germany, 42, 44–45, 47–49, 59–60; Great Britain, 43; Supreme War Council, 70–71; United States, 108–111
      • Feb. 25, to Reichstag, 135–138; reception in Austria-Hungary, 190; Belgium, 144; Germany, 144–146; Great Britain, 142
      • June 25, to Reichstag, 265–266
      • July 11, to Reichstag, 284–285
      • July 12, to Reichstag, 286–287; reception in Belgium, 296; Germany, 291–292
      • Sept. 24, to Reichstag, 313–315
    • Hostility toward, 312
    • Resignation, 335–336
  • Chancellor (Prince Max of Baden):
    • Appointment, 337
    • Proclamation announcing Emperor’s abdication, 484
    • Speeches on war aims and peace terms of—
      • Oct. 5, to Reichstag, 346–351
      • Oct. 22, to Reichstag, 386–391
    • Views on constitutional changes, 457–459
  • Chancellor (Ebert), proclamations on taking office, 491–492
  • China, attitude toward proposed deportation of nationals from, 648
  • Civil liberties, restoration, 349, 389–390, 487
  • Denmark, commercial agreement with, 1330–1331, 1335
  • Emperor:
    • Abdication, 395, 414, 415, 418–419, 444, 459, 484, 487
    • Flight to Netherlands, 491
    • Meeting with Austrian Emperor, comment on, 231–232, 261
    • Proclamations of parliamentary government, 335, 462
  • Foreign Minister (von Kühlmann), resignation, 284, 287, 291
  • Labor, peace attitude of, 247, 250–251
  • League of nations, attitude toward, 24, 27, 42, 53, 265, 275, 278, 306, 314, 315, 327, 336, 347, 376, 387–388, 389
  • Netherlands, transit agreement with, 1480, 1484, 1797–1805
  • Parliamentary government, establishment, 335–336, 346–347, 348, 349, 373–374, 380–381, 388–389, 390–391, 403–404, 416–417, 444, 457–459, 462, 476
  • Peace:
    • Attitude, statements and reports on, 3–4, 21–23, 26–28, 44–45, 47–49, 52, 53, 68–69, 95–98, 105–106, 116–119, 120–121, 122–123, 130, 131–132, 139–140, 206–209, 217–218, 229, 247, 252, 257–258, 260, 267, 268, 274, 275–276, 277–279, 285, 287, 294, 305, 306, 311–312, 327–328, 338, 347, 349, 350–351, 357–358, 386–388, 391, 395–396, 416–418, 444
    • Conversations, informal, directed toward—
      • Belgium, 388–289, 296, 303–304
      • United States, 21–23, 122–123, 131–132, 217–218, 218–219, 229, 260, 276–279, 286, 288, 291, 294, 416–418; U.S. attitude, 282, 290, 297
    • Proposals:
      • Austro-Hungarian peace note, reply, 312
      • Note to President Wilson (Oct. 4) asking armistice, 338, 350
      • Note to President Wilson (Oct. 12) accepting “Fourteen Points”, 357–358
      • Note to President Wilson (Oct. 20) affirming democracy in government, 380–381
      • Note to President Wilson (Oct. 27) announcing readiness for proposals, 395–396
    • Treaties. See Treaties: Brest-Litovsk; Bucharest.
  • Persia. See Persia.
  • Prisoner-of-war conference, 312–313
  • Prussian electoral reforms, struggle over, 46, 68, 69, 133–134, 145, 146, 247, 258, 302, 305, 314, 348, 388, 459
  • Rumania. See Rumania.
  • Russia, assassination of ambassador to, 287
  • Safe-conducts for neutral ships, regulations, 1081–1082, 1083, 1084, 1086–1087, 1105, 1391–1392, 1491, 1496, 1501:
    • Attitude of Denmark, 1087–1088, 1104–1106; Netherlands, 1491, 1498–1499, 1501; Norway, 1084, 1085; Sweden, 1082, 1086
    • Policy of:
      • France, 1084–1085, 1090–1095, 1100–1104, 1107, 1722–1723
      • Great Britain, 1082, 1088–1089, 1090–1093, 1095, 1098–1099, 1100–1104, 1722–1723
      • United States, 1082, 1083, 1089–1092, 1093, 1096–1098, 1099, 1100–1104, 1107, 1512, 1722–1723; Netherland protest required, 1510, 1517–1520, 1527–1528, 1529–1530, 1531–1534, 1546; sailing ships, 998, 1006, 1008, 1009, 1088, 1106; Swiss grain ships, 1610–1611, 1611–1612, 1618–1620, 1621–1622, 1629, 1637–1638
  • Shipping, rumor of attempted sale in Scandinavia, 483
  • Ships, treatment. See under Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Peru, Spain, and Uruguay.
  • Switzerland, commercial agreement with, 1623–1624, 1625; declaration of respect for neutrality, 137
  • Unrest and disorders, 68–69, 105–106, 133, 296–297, 301–302, 372–373, 374, 471–472, 486–488, 491–492, 492–493
  • Vice Chancellor (von Payer), address (Sept. 12), 304–306; reception in Germany, 311
  • War with United States and Allied Powers:
    • Aims, statements and reports on, 4, 38–42, 60, 135–138, 261–262, 265–266, 273–274, 284–285, 286–287, 304–306, 313–315
    • Declarations of war by Costa Rica, 692; Guatemala, 682–683, 685, 686; Haiti, 661–662, 688–689, 690, 708–709; Honduras, 689–690, 693, 710–711; Nicaragua, 687–688, 692–693
    • Offensives on western front, 130, 140, 172–173, 174, 175–176, 179, 180, 181, 190–191, 197, 204–205, 214–215, 218–219, 224, 252, 253–255, 296, 304, 313, 335, 350
    • Operations on eastern front, 136–137
    • Submarine warfare. See Submarine warfare.
• Great Britain (see also Armistice; Financial cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Food cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Labor and Socialist movement; Military cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Naval cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Peace conference; Peace terms and attitude; Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Supplies procurement, United States and Allied Powers; Trade regulation by Allied Powers; and Trade regulation by United States):
  • Brest-Litovsk, attitude toward treaty of, 8–9
  • Censorship, cooperation with United States, 1756; diplomatic and consular mail, regulations and practices, 1756–1757, 1757–1759, 1760
  • Contraband of war, additions to absolute contraband list, 917–918, 921–922
  • Czecho-Slovak national movement. See Czecho-Slovak national movement.
  • Flag, transfer of merchant ships from belligerent to neutral, attitude, 1642, 1728, 1750, 1751–1752, 1753
  • German safe-conducts for neutral ships, attitude, 1082, 1088–1089, 1090–1093, 1095, 1098–1099, 1100–1104, 1722–1723
  • Jewish battalion from United States, unauthorized display of American flag, 292, 295, 361
  • Jugo-Slav national aspirations, attitude, 791, 794, 809–810
  • League of nations, attitude, 11, 12, 151
  • Liberia. See Liberia.
  • Mission to Latin America, 685, 689, 690
  • Pact of London, attitude toward, 60, 79, 141, 281–282, 375
  • Peace:
    • Attitude, statements and reports on, 142, 279–282, 414, 469–470, 475
    • Conversations, informal, with Turkey, 313, 315, 340–341, 341–343, 352–353
    • Proposals, attitude toward secret, 251–252
  • Persia. See Persia.
  • Polish national movement, recognition of army, 879–880; of national aspirations, 809–810, 879–880
  • Prime Minister (Lloyd George), speeches on war aims, 4–12, 72–80; reception in France, 29, 73; Germany, 24, 25, 27–28, 39, 40, 49, 73–74; Great Britain, 73; Italy, 17, 35, 73; Serbia, 791, 792
  • Visit and search, policy, 924, 1171, 1248, 1339–1340, 1368
  • War with Central Powers, aims, statements and reports on, 4–12, 32–34, 72–80, 352, 414–415, 424
• Greece (see also Peace terms and attitude):
  • Bulgaria, rejection of peace proposal by, 216
  • Protection at peace conference requested, 50–51, 196–197; attitude of Allied Powers, 134, 143, 218; United States, 126, 217, 218
• Guatemala:
  • Enemy property, question of expropriation, 682–683
  • Germany, declaration of war on, 682–683, 685; U.S. attitude, 686
  • United States:
    • Armed merchant ships, attitude toward, 1790–1791
    • Loan from, discussion, 683
• Hague conventions cited:
  • VIII, laying of automatic submarine contact mines, 1776
  • XIII, rights and duties of neutral powers in naval war, 1786–1787
• Haiti, declaration of war on Germany, 661–662, 690, 708–709; U.S. attitude, 661–662, 688–689, 709
• “Halifax, Call at”:
  • Attitude and practice of Great Britain, 956–957, 1257; U.S. attitude, 938, 941, 1745
  • Elimination, question of, 941, 956–957, 969, 1003–1005, 1010–1011, 1012–1013
• Herron, George D., conversations concerning peace attitude of Austria-Hungary, 21–23, 60–62, 71, 82–105; Bulgaria, 3, 65–67, 147–149, 172, 187; Germany, 21–23, 95–98, 102–103, 122–123, 132, 217–218, 267, 276–279, 286, 288, 290, 291, 297; U.S. attitude toward secret proposals, 31, 62, 67, 71, 82, 104–105, 187, 288, 290, 297
• Hertling, Georg V., Count von. See under Germany: Chancellor.
• Hides and Leather Committee, 572, 590
• Honduras:
  • Enemy aliens and property, treatment, 693, 695–696
  • Germany, declaration of war on, 710–711; U.S. attitude, 689–690, 693, 711
  • U.S. armed merchant ships, attitude toward, 1790
• Horses and Mules Committee, 590
• House, Col. Edward M., participation in armistice negotiations, 344, 353–354, 361, 405–413, 421–428, 430–431, 438, 441–443, 444–445, 448, 455–457, 460–462, 463–468, 480, 481–482, 482–483, 485–486, 489–490, 492, 493–498
• Hungary, autonomy movement in Austria-Hungary, 394, 397, 403, 439, 445, 447, 473–474
• Iceland, trade negotiations and agreements with United States and Allied Powers, 1362–1377
• Inter-Allied Blockade Committee for Switzerland and Spain. See under Trade regulation by Allied Powers: Administrative organizations.
• Inter-Allied Chartering Committee, 508–509
• Inter-Allied Council on War Purchases and Finance, 125
• Inter-Allied Food Council, 557, 597–599
• Inter-Allied Food Council Committee of Representatives, 558
• Inter-Allied Labor and Socialist Conferences. See under Labor and Socialist movement.
• Inter-Allied Metals Committee. See under Supplies procurement, United States and Allied Powers: Administrative organizations.
• Inter-Allied Munitions Council. See under Supplies procurement, United States and Allied Powers: Administrative organizations.
• Inter-Allied Purchasing Committee (Madrid), 1682, 1683, 1684, 1694, 1705
• Inter-Allied Statistical Bureau, 576
• Inter-Allied trade committees in neutral nations. See under Trade regulation by Allied Powers: Administrative organizations.
• International Committee on Contingents, 1610, 1611, 1624–1625
• International Socialist conference. See under Labor and Socialist movement.
• International Statistical Committee, 957–958, 965
• Iron ore, Swedish:
  • Exports to Germany, limitation, 1209, 1213, 1222–1223, 1226, 1232–1233, 1242, 1246, 1265, 1268, 1282, 1283, 1288
  • Purchase by Allied Powers, 1209, 1245–1246, 1261–1262; U.S. participation, 1216–1217, 1223, 1238–1239, 1291–1293, 1294–1295
• Italy (see also Armistice; Financial cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Food cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Labor and Socialist movement; Military cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Naval cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Peace conference; Peace terms and attitude; Trade regulation by Allied Powers; and Trade regulation by United States):
  • Brest-Litovsk, attitude toward treaty of, 114
  • Czecho-Slovak national movement. See Czecho-Slovak national movement.
  • Estonian national aspirations, attitude, 810
  • Jugo-Slav national movement. See Jugo-Slav national movement.
  • League of nations, attitude, 331, 332, 422, 826–827
  • Morale of people, 363, 377
  • Pact of London, attitude, 18, 26, 35, 42–43, 60, 115–116, 122, 300, 375, 376, 798, 826, 833–841, 865, 867
  • Pact of Rome, attitude, 797–799, 838–840
  • Peace, statements and reports on attitude, 354, 355, 356–357, 362–363, 375–376
  • U.S. determination to assist further, 230–231, 238–239, 260, 261
  • War with Central Powers, statements and reports on aims, 18–19, 26, 35, 114
• Japan (see also Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers and Trade regulation by United States: Enemy trading lists):
  • Czecho-Slovak national movement, recognition of Army, 825; of National Council, 825
  • South Sea islands, continued military administration of, 625, 627
  • War with Central Powers, statements and reports on aims, 660–661
• Joffre, Joseph J. C., armistice terms proposed, 363–364
• Jugo-Slav national movement (see also Peace terms and attitude and Serbia):
  • Austria-Hungary, revolt against, 800, 801, 806–807, 856, 860–861, 862–863
  • Congress of Oppressed Races of Austria-Hungary:
    • Attitude of Great Britain, 801; Italy, 801, 867; United States, 801, 803, 808–809
    • Composition, 795–796, 799
    • Resolutions, 796–797
  • Declaration of Corfu, adherence to in formation of permanent state, 828–831, 843, 852–853
  • Italy, relations with:
    • Austrian fleet, difficulties over surrender, 860–861, 862–863, 868, 870
    • Jugo-Slav prisoners, possibility of release, 799, 811, 867
    • Pact of Rome, 797–799, 838–840
    • Reports on, 802, 805–806, 811, 820, 825, 826–827, 832–842, 864–870
  • Nationalist aspirations, 339, 340, 393, 396, 439, 446, 473, 790–793, 794–795, 809, 810, 811, 812–813, 822–823, 828–832, 842–844, 864–870; attitude of Allied Powers, 809–810; Great Britain, 791, 794; Italy, 802, 805–806, 811, 820, 825, 826–827, 832–842; United States, 368, 791, 793–794, 797, 808–809, 815–816, 821–822, 823, 857
  • Pact of London, attitude, 811, 861, 865–866, 867–868
  • Propaganda committee, 799–800, 801, 802
  • Slavic Legion, formation in United States, 827–828
  • U.S. assistance, suggestions, 793, 800–801, 804–806, 807–808, 842, 866–868
• Jute, Hemp, and Flax Committee, 572, 590
• Kronprins Gustaf Adolf, Swedish ship, 1224–1225, 1278–1279
• Kühlmann, Richard von, German Foreign Minister, resignation, 284, 287, 291
• Labor and Socialist movement:
  • American Federation of Labor, visit of delegation to France, 230, 259, 330–331; Great Britain, 189, 259; Italy, 300, 378
  • British Labor Conference (June), 250, 259
  • Inter-Allied Labor and Socialist Conference (February):
    • Delegation to United States, proposed, 142, 151–152, 152–153, 167, 170–171; U.S. attitude, 177, 188–189
    • League of nations, attitude, 156–158
    • Memorandum on war aims (Feb. 23), 142, 143–144, 154–167; reception by British labor, 142, 151
  • Inter-Allied Labor and Socialist Conference (September), attendance of American Federation of Labor, 298–299
  • International Socialist conference, proposal, 166–167; attitude of American labor, 250–251, 259, 299; France, 28–29, 169–170, 174, 198, 298, 401; Great Britain, 76, 77, 78, 154, 168–169, 170, 174, 297–298, 299, 401; Italy, 170, 174, 176, 209, 216; Socialists of Central Powers, 250–251; United States, 171–172, 209, 216
  • National groups, peace programs of Austria-Hungary, 246–247; France, 210–213, 398–403; Germany, 247; Great Britain, 32–34, 469–470, 475; Italy, 300
  • Representation at peace conference, proposal, 167; attitude of Italy, 122
  • Russian Socialists, French attitude toward relations with, 28–30, 402
  • Stockholm conference, report on, 238, 239
• Lammasch, conversations with Prof. George D. Herron, 60–62, 71, 82–105
• League of nations, attitude of Austria-Hungary, 59, 89; France, 29, 422; Germany, 24, 27, 42, 53, 265, 275, 278, 306, 314, 315, 327, 336, 347, 376, 387–388, 389; Great Britain, 11, 12, 151; Inter-Allied Labor and Socialist Conference, 156–158; Italy, 331, 332, 422, 826–827; United States, 16, 270, 318, 319, 405–406, 407, 413, 423, 428
• Letters of assurance (navicerts). See under Trade regulation by Allied Powers.
• Liberia:
  • Defensive measures:
    • British assistance, 746
    • French proposal, 743, 744; attitude of Great Britain, 744, 745, 746, 749; Liberia, 743, 744–745; United States, 745
    • U.S. provision of arms, 745, 748, 749
  • Submarine attack on Monrovia, 740–741, 742; dispatch of assistance, 741, 742
  • Wireless station, French request for reopening, 746; attitude of Great Britain, 748–749; Liberia, 746–747, 747–748, 749, 750; United States, 747; French operation of German station, 747, 748
• Lithuania (see also Peace terms and attitude), Polish promise of assistance, 874
• Livonia. See under Peace terms and attitude.
• Lloyd George, David. See Great Britain: Prime Minister.
• Loans. See under Financial cooperation, United States and Allied Powers.
• London, Declaration of, 1747, 1754
• London, Pact of. See under Treaties.
• Luxembourg, request for recognition of rights, 356; U.S. statement of policy toward, 299–300, 410, 472
• Mails. See Censorship.
• Max of Baden, Prince. See under Germany: Chancellor.
• Meats and Fats Executive, 558, 572, 590
• Mexico:
  • Conference of American states, activities of delegates to, 662, 665
  • Cuba, recall of diplomatic representative to, 691, 694, 696
• Military cooperation, United States and Allied Powers:
  • Chinese troops, discussions regarding dispatch to Europe, 624–625, 625–626, 633–634, 644–645; U.S. attitude, 625, 634
  • Cuban troops, discussions regarding dispatch to Europe, 722–725; U.S. attitude, 725–726
  • Operations on Italian front, 223, 273, 324–325, 337, 362, 377, 386, 419, 432, 801
  • Operations on western front, 130, 140, 172–173, 174, 175–176, 176–177, 179, 180, 181, 190–191, 197, 204–205, 214–215, 218–219, 224, 252, 253–255, 296, 304, 313, 352, 355, 512; Italian reinforcements, 221, 223; U.S. reinforcements, 172, 174, 179–180, 181, 188, 198–199, 219–221, 222, 224–225, 226–227, 247–248, 249–250, 271–273
  • Supreme War Council:
    • Allied general reserve, question of, 31–32, 38, 152, 168, 221, 223
    • British Dominions, representation on, 273
    • Campaigns, plans for, 36–37, 63, 70–71, 245, 460
    • Commander-in-chief, question of supreme, 107–108, 176, 180–181, 187, 197, 216, 223–224, 324
    • Committee of supply, creation, 38
    • Statement on peace terms, 70–71; U.S. objection, 81–82, 125, 132–133
  • U.S. military mission to Italy, 122, 128
  • U.S. provision of military units:
    • American Expeditionary Forces, question of unity of, 63, 64–65, 177–180, 181–182, 187, 188, 220–221, 222, 225, 226–227
    • Provision of troops for service in Italy, 122, 153–154, 182, 195–196, 199, 256, 257, 324–325
    • U.S. military program, 198–199, 515, 517, 519, 520, 521–522, 525, 528–529, 533
• Mine laying. See under Naval cooperation, United States and Allied Powers.
• Molybdenum, Norwegian, U.S. participation in purchase, 1293–1294, 1295
• Montenegro (see also Peace terms and attitude), establishment of legation in United States, 785–790
• Muehlon, von, conversations with Prof. George D. Herron, 95–98, 102–103
• Naval cooperation, United States and Allied Powers:
  • Brazilian naval forces, cooperation with U.S. fleet, 662–663, 665–666
  • Cuban naval forces, cooperation with United States against submarines, 702–704
  • Mine laying in—
    • North Sea, by United States and Great Britain, 932, 1761, 1764–1765, 1769, 1770, 1783; British explanations, 1760–1761; warning issued, 1763–1764, 1765
    • Norwegian territorial waters, 1787–1789:
      • Attitude and representations of France, 1771, 1782; Great Britain, 1769–1771, 1775–1776; 1780–1781, 1782; United States, 1769, 1771, 1772–1774, 1777–1778, 1781–1782, 1782–1785
      • Norwegian attitude and replies, 1771, 1773–1774, 1777–1780, 1785–1787
  • Unified naval command in Mediterranean, question, 245–246, 264–265; U.S. attitude, 260, 295–296
  • U.S. naval operations, 931–932
• Navicerts (letters of assurance). See under Trade regulation by Allied Powers.
• Netherlands (see also Trade regulation by Allied Powers and Trade regulation by United States):
  • Convoy to Dutch East Indies, 1479, 1483–1484, 1494–1495, 1502–1504, 1507–1508, 1511–1512
  • Credits for Allied Powers, establishment, 1553, 1566, 1570, 1575
  • Germany:
    • Safe-conducts for neutral ships. See under Germany.
    • Transit agreement with, 1480, 1484, 1797–1799, 1803–1805; Allied acquiescence, 1800–1803
  • Ships. See under Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers: Procurement of neutral ships.
  • U.S. armed merchant ships, attitude toward, 1792
• Neutral ports:
  • Armed merchant ships, status in Argentina, 1797; Honduras, 1790; Netherlands, 1792
  • Crew of wrecked belligerent warship, treatment in Chile, 1789–1790
  • Neutral ships taken over by a belligerent, status in Argentina, 1748, 1793–1794, 1795–1797; Chile, 1793; Peru, 1795; Uruguay, 1794
• Neutral ships:
  • Liability to capture, U.S. policy, 927–928, 929–930
  • Status in neutral ports after taking over by a belligerent, 1792–1797
• Neutral territory, transit of supplies for belligerent forces across, 1480, 1484, 1797–1805
• Nicaragua, declaration of war on Germany and Austria-Hungary, 687–688; U.S. attitude, 692–693
• Nitrates Executive, 572
• “No annexations or indemnities.” See under Peace terms and attitude.
• Norway (see also Trade regulation by Allied Powers and Trade regulation by United States):
  • German safe-conducts, attitude toward, 1084, 1085
  • Mine laying in territorial waters, 1787–1789:
    • Attitude and representations of France, 1771, 1782; Great Britain, 1769–1771, 1775–1776, 1780–1781, 1782; United States, 1769, 1771, 1772–1774, 1777–1778, 1781–1782, 1782–1785
    • Norwegian attitude and replies, 1771, 1773–1774, 1777–1780, 1785–1787
  • Molybdenum, U.S. participation in purchase, 1293–1294, 1295
  • Neutrality, reaffirmation, 1150; attitude of Allied Powers, 1152–1153, 1154; United States, 1154–1155
  • Ships. See under Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers: Procurement of neutral ships.
• Oil distribution and oil-well equipment:
  • Agreement concerning Icelandic oil purchase, 1364, 1372, 1373–1376
  • British-American negotiations, 617–624
  • Petroleum Conference, 572, 590–591
  • U.S. suspension of oil shipments to Chile pending assurances, 709–710, 711–713; Chilean assurances of nonenemy use, 710, 711–712, 717–718
• Oil and Oilseeds Executive, 558, 572, 590
• Pacific, Swedish ship, 1224–1225, 1278–1279
• Pact of London. See under Treaties.
• Pact of Rome, 797–799, 838–840
• Palestine, unauthorized display of American flag by Jewish battalion recruited in United States, 292, 295, 361
• Panama Canal Zone, exercise of jurisdiction by War Trade Board, 971, 1011, 1685, 1686; release of Dutch ships requisitioned in, 1431, 1433, 1536
• Paper Committee, 572, 590
• Paraguay, presidential approval of U.S. war ideals, 680–681
• Payer, Friedrich von, German Vice Chancellor, address, 304–306, 311
• Peace conference, desire for protection or representation expressed by—
  • China, 630; attitude of Allied Powers, 631, 635, 653–654; United States, 630, 631–632, 635, 653–654
  • Greece, 50–51, 196–197; attitude of Allied Powers, 134, 143, 218; United States, 126, 217, 218
  • Labor and Socialist movement, 122, 167
  • Persia, 895–896, 906, 913; attitude of Great Britain, 904; United States, 897
  • Rumania, 754, 762–763, 765, 769, 782, 783, 784; attitude of Allied Powers, 751, 756–757, 762, 779, 780, 781; United States, 751–752, 758–759, 762, 764, 767, 770–771, 781–782, 782–783, 785
  • Vatican, 122, 167–168, 173
• Peace conference site, selection of Versailles, 426, 485–486
• Peace terms and attitude, stated or attributed toward—
  • Albania, by Allied Socialists, 160; Austria-Hungary, 95; Germany, 277; United States, 410, 412
  • Alsace-Lorraine, by Allied Socialists, 155, 159–160, 211; Austria-Hungary, 36, 150, 151; France, 29, 191, 345, 346; Germany, 4, 27, 40, 53, 74, 123, 132, 137, 218, 260, 277, 348, 372, 444; Great Britain, 8, 74, 79–80; United States, 15, 132, 409–410
  • Armament reduction, by Allied Socialists, 157; Austria-Hungary, 58, 89, 127, 191–192, 247; France, 29; Germany, 27, 41, 53, 275, 278, 306, 314; Great Britain, 151; United States, 15, 406
  • Austria-Hungary, by Allied Socialists, 155, 160, 162; Austria-Hungary, 127, 185–186, 367–368; Germany, 27, 42, 53, 277; Great Britain, 6, 9, 307; Italy, 18, 26, 35; United States, 15, 43, 410, 411
  • Belgium, by Allied Socialists, 155, 159, 211; Austria-Hungary, 6–7, 57, 127, 184; Germany, 6–7, 27, 41, 47, 48, 49, 53, 59–60, 74, 75, 131, 135, 219, 258, 260, 262, 274, 277, 286–287, 288–289, 291–292, 296, 303–304, 305–306, 313–314, 327–328, 347; Great Britain, 6–7, 7–8, 33, 74, 75, 280; United States, 15, 184, 409
  • Bulgaria, by Turkey, 342; United States, 411–412
  • China, by Japan, 661
  • Czecho-Slovak national movement, by Allied Socialists, 162; Austria-Hungary, 107, 194–195; United States, 368, 411
  • Estonia, by Germany, 136, 261; United States, 408
  • France, northern, by Allied Socialists, 155, 211; Germany, 41, 47, 48, 49, 53, 131, 260, 305; Great Britain, 8; United States, 15
  • “Freedom of the seas”, by Allied Socialists, 163, 211; Austria-Hungary, 58, 127; France, 425, 448, 456; Germany, 27, 41, 53, 258, 306, 314, 315; Great Britain, 17, 33, 78, 352, 365–366, 421, 422, 425, 448, 455–456; Italy, 425, 448; United States, 15, 405–406, 423–424, 427–428
  • German colonies, by Allied Socialists, 162–163; Australia, 490; Austria-Hungary, 150; Belgium, 448; Germany, 4, 7, 27, 41, 49, 53, 131, 136, 258, 277, 303, 305; Great Britain, 10–11, 137, 366, 414–415, 424; Japan, 661; United States, 407
  • Germany, by Allied Socialists, 155; Great Britain, 5–6; United States, 16
  • Greece, by Austria-Hungary, 127; Bulgaria, 66, 266; Greece, 51
  • Italy, by Allied Socialists, 160–161; Austria-Hungary, 58, 100, 185–186; Germany, 27, 42, 53, 277; Great Britain, 8, 9; United States, 15, 410
  • Jugo-Slav national movement (see also infra Serbia), by Allied Socialists, 162; United States, 368
  • League of nations, by Allied Socialists, 156–158, 402; Austria-Hungary, 59, 89, 247; France, 29, 422; Germany, 24, 27, 42, 53, 265, 275, 278, 306, 314, 315, 327, 336, 347, 376, 387–388, 389; Great Britain, 11, 12, 151; Italy, 331, 332, 422, 826; United States, 16, 270, 318, 319, 405, 406, 407, 413, 423, 428
  • Lithuania, by Allied Socialists, 161; Germany, 347; United States, 408
  • Livonia, by Allied Socialists, 161; Germany, 136, 261
  • Montenegro, by Allied Socialists, 160; Austria-Hungary, 58, 95, 192; Germany, 27, 42, 53; Great Britain, 8; United States, 15, 411
  • “No annexations or indemnities”, by Allied Socialists, 211; Austria-Hungary, 247; Germany, 68, 306
  • Polish national movement, by Allied Socialists, 155, 161; Austria-Hungary, 56, 59, 184, 367; Germany, 27, 42, 47, 53, 131, 137, 261, 277, 305, 347, 372–373, 444; Great Britain, 9; United States, 16, 184, 408, 411, 412–413
  • Reparations, by Allied Socialists, 165–166, 211; Germany, 347; Great Britain, 8, 425; United States, 409
  • Rumania, by Allied Socialists, 160; Austria-Hungary, 58; Bulgaria, 266; Germany, 27, 42, 53, 219, 277, 305; Great Britain, 8, 9; United States, 15, 409, 411
  • Russia, by Austria-Hungary, 54–57, 58; France, 29–30; Germany, 4, 27, 41, 53, 56–57, 136–137, 218, 219, 261, 277, 305; Great Britain, 8–9, 32–33, 34; Italy, 26; Japan, 661; Russia, 437–438, 443; United States, 14, 15, 234, 282, 407–409, 430, 443
  • Secret diplomacy, by Allied Socialists, 211, 215; Austria-Hungary, 57–58; France, 421; Germany, 27, 40–41, 53; Great Britain, 32–33; Italy, 332–333; United States, 15, 270, 319, 405, 428
  • “Self-determination of peoples”, by Allied Socialists, 155, 158–163, 211, 402; Austria-Hungary, 7, 57, 89, 126–127, 247; Germany, 7, 26, 27, 41, 42, 53, 68, 275, 277; Great Britain, 7, 9–10, 12, 136; United States, 15, 16, 43, 110–112, 270
  • Serbia (see also supra Jugo-Slav national movement), by Allied Socialists, 160; Austria-Hungary, 58, 95, 127, 192; Bulgaria, 65, 66; Germany, 27, 42, 53, 277; Great Britain, 8; United States, 15, 410, 411, 412
  • Trade conditions, equality, by Allied Socialists, 163–165; Austria-Hungary, 58; Australia, 490; Belgium, 448, 456; Germany, 27, 41, 53, 258, 277, 306; Great Britain, 33, 151, 366, 415; United States, 15, 319, 406, 428
  • Turkish Empire, by Allied Socialists, 160, 161–162; Austria-Hungary, 57, 185; Germany, 27, 42, 53, 74, 261–262; Great Britain, 6, 9–10, 74, 307, 366, 424; Greece, 51; Turkey, 342–343; United States, 16, 282, 409, 410, 412
• Permanent International Committee of Economic Action, 941, 942–943, 952
• Persia:
  • Allied Powers:
    • Military activities, 895–896, 897, 898, 899, 901, 902, 904–905, 906; closing of Persian frontier, 902, 903
    • Persian attitude toward, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908
  • Germany, propaganda reported, 898, 902, 903, 907, 913; rumor of alliance, 905, 906
  • Independence and integrity:
    • Guarantees sought, 895–897, 907–908, 913–914; attitude of Central Powers, 906; France, 899; Great Britain, 898, 899–900; United States, 897, 898, 899, 900–902, 907
    • Treaties and concessions, abrogation of Russian, 908–910, 911, 912–913; Allied and Spanish protests, 910, 911, 912; German attitude, 911–912, 913; recomnendations for U.S. action, 912; tentative offer to United States, 908; U.S. attitude, 910
    • Violations charged, 895–897; U.S. denial, 898
  • Peace conference, desire for representation at, 895–896, 906, 913; attitude of Great Britain, 904; United States, 897
  • U.S. assistance, suggestions, 895–897, 898, 899–900, 905
• Peru:
  • German ships, U.S. negotiations for, 666–667, 675, 696, 697, 699–700, 704–705, 714–715, 716–717; signing of agreement, 718
  • U.S. ships taken over from neutrals, status, 1795
• Petroleum Conference, 572, 590–591
• Poincaré, Raymond, message regarding American troops, 256
• Polish national movement (see also Peace terms and attitude):
  • Austria-Hungary, revolt against, 800, 801, 806–807
  • Bolshevik menace, 360–361, 482, 878, 883
  • Congress of Oppressed Races of Austria-Hungary:
    • Attitude of Great Britain, 801; Italy, 801, 867; United States, 801, 803, 808–809
    • Composition, 795–796, 799
    • Resolutions, 796–797
  • German attempts to foster dependent state, 873–876; U.S. attitude, 876–877
  • Lithuania, promise of assistance to, 874
  • Nationalist aspirations, 339, 340, 393, 397, 877, 881–882, 883, 884–885; attitude of Allied Powers, 809–810, 871–872, 880; Germany, 881–882, 884–885; United States, 872
  • Polish Army, recognition by France, 878–879; Great Britain, 879–880; Italy, 880; United States, 880–881
  • Polish National Committee, U.S. reception of representative, 872–873, 876–877
  • Propaganda committee, 799, 800, 802
  • Republic proclaimed, 885
  • U.S. assistance, suggestions, 800–801, 804–805, 807–808
• Pork products, U.S. efforts to increase takings by Allied Powers, 539–540, 541, 550–551, 551–555; Allied reluctance, 540, 552, 553, 555
• Prisoner-of-war conference, U.S. disapproval of peace overtures at, 312–313
• Prizes:
  • Allied convention concerning, question of U.S. accession, 922–924
  • U.S. policy, 922–924, 930–931, 934n
• Recruiting in United States, Armenian volunteers, 885–886, 890–891; Jewish battalion for service with British in Palestine, unauthorized display of American flag, 292, 295, 361; Slavic Legion, 827–828
• Red Cross, President Wilson’s address opening campaign, 233–237
• Rumania (see also Peace terms and attitude):
  • Bucharest, treaty of. See under Treaties.
  • Cabinets, constitution of new, 756, 757, 758, 768
  • Peace conference, Rumanian apprehension and request for consideration at, 754, 762–763, 765, 769, 782, 783, 784; attitude of Allied Powers, 751, 756–757, 762, 779, 780, 781; United States, 751–752, 758–759, 762, 764, 767, 770–771, 781–782, 782–783, 785
  • Peace with Central Powers:
    • Allied efforts to avert, 751, 753–754, 755, 756–757, 759, 762; U.S. efforts, 753–754, 755, 757, 758–759, 760–761, 762, 764
    • Necessity, Rumanian plea, 752, 753, 754, 755, 757, 760, 761, 762, 764–765
    • Signing. See Treaties: Bucharest.
  • Status as enemy-occupied territory, U.S. decisions, 779–781
  • U.S. diplomatic representatives, question of evacuation, 763, 766, 767–768
• Russia (see also Peace terms and attitude):
  • Brest-Litovsk, treaty of. See under Treaties.
  • Germany:
    • Ambassador to Russia, assassination, 287
    • Armistice with United States and Allied Powers, attitude toward, 356, 435–438, 443
  • Persia, abrogation of Russian treaties and concessions, 908–910, 911, 912–913; Russian protests, 912
  • Siberia, possible Allied expedition to, 245; Russian notes seeking understanding with United States, 448–455, 471, 484; U.S. refusal to negotiate with Bolsheviks, 488
  • Socialists, relations with French Socialists, 28–30, 402
• Safe-conducts for neutral ships. See under Germany.
• Secret diplomacy. See under Peace terms and attitude.
• Seeadler, case of, 1789–1790
• “Self-determination of peoples.” See under Peace terms and attitude.
• Serbia (see also Jugo-Slav national movement and Peace terms and attitude):
  • Austrian ultimatum, revelations concerning, 97–98
  • Bulgarian peace with Allied Powers, request for consideration in, 294–295
  • Cabinet crisis, 792–793
  • Peace offer to Central Powers, denial, 793
• Shipkoff, Theodore K., conversations with Prof. George D. Herron, 3, 65–67, 147–149, 172, 187
• Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers (see also Trade regulation by Allied Powers and Trade regulation by United States):
  • Administrative organizations:
    • Allied Maritime Transport Council:
      • Allied Maritime Transport Executive, creation, 512
      • Functions, 507, 509–510, 511
      • Personnel, 507, 509
      • Recommendations, 513–517, 523, 525–528; food program, 523, 525–526; import and tonnage program, 513–517, 523, 606, 607, 615–616; setting up of executives, 517, 566–568
      • Representation of Japan, 517–518, 522–523, 526; United States, 501, 509, 518
    • Allied Maritime Transport Executive, 512
    • Inter-Allied Chartering Committee, 508–509, 511
  • Construction program, steel for Japanese, 627–628, 629–630, 632–633, 638–644, 645–646, 647–648, 658
  • Post-war cooperation, Allied proposal, 612–614, 615–616; U.S. objection, 616–617
  • Procurement of Allied ships, U.S. negotiations for Japanese, 628–630, 632–633, 636–637, 638–644, 645–646, 647–648, 658; Allied abstention from negotiations, 626, 627, 647–648, 649, 656, 657, 658–660
  • Procurement of enemy ships, negotiations in—
    • Argentina, by United States, 677, 678, 1746–1747
    • Brazil, by France, 498–499, 500, 504–505, 506, 729; United States, 727–728, 729, 734, 736
    • Chile, by Great Britain, 737–738; United States, 715–716, 717, 718–719, 726–727, 737
    • Colombia, by United States, 695
    • Cuba, by United States, 674–675, 677–678, 680, 682
    • Peru, by United States, 666–667, 675, 696–697, 699–700, 704–705, 714–715, 716–717; signing of agreement, 718
    • Spain, by Switzerland, 1622–1623, 1628, 1632–1636, 1638–1647, 1656–1657, 1657–1658, 1684, 1689; United States, 498–499
    • Uruguay, by United States, 498–499, 504, 663–664, 667–671, 676–677; signing of agreement, 692
    • “Fifty-fifty” division of control between United States and Great Britain, 504, 676, 737
  • Procurement of neutral ships, negotiations and agreements:
    • Denmark, 507, 1297–1298, 1303–1305, 1307, 1311–1312, 1315–1316, 1319–1320, 1320–1325, 1326–1330, 1331, 1332–1333, 1334–1335, 1335–1338; agreement of Sept. 18 with United States, 1348–1352, 1358–1359; Anglo-Danish shipping agreement, 1361
    • Netherlands, 507, 510, 1379–1381, 1382–1383, 1384–1385, 1387–1392, 1393, 1394–1395, 1404–1405, 1408–1409; provisional agreement of Jan. 25 with United States, 1392–1393; Netherland noncompliance, 1396–1397, 1397–1402, 1403, 1404–1405, 1406, 1410–1412
    • Norway, 499–500, 503–504, 507, 529, 1145, 1184; agreement of Apr. 20 with United States regarding sailing ships, 1163–1168; supplementary agreement, 1187
    • Spain, 1628, 1640, 1660, 1661, 1663, 1665, 1666–1667, 1671, 1673–1674, 1677–1678, 1679–1681, 1682, 1684–1688, 1689, 1691–1692, 1696, 1699, 1703; proposed Swiss charters, 1625–1626, 1639–1640, 1641
    • Sweden, 506, 507, 988–989, 1201–1204, 1211–1212, 1215, 1218, 1219–1221, 1221–1222, 1228, 1230, 1233–1237, 1238, 1274–1276, 1278; modus vivendi of Jan. 29 with United States, 1204–1207; ton age agreement of May 29 with United States and Associated Governments, 1245, 1253–1260, 1269–1272, 1277, 1290
    • “Fifty-fifty” division of control between United States and Great Britain, 499–500, 500–501, 503–504, 506–507, 510–512, 529, 1203, 1204, 1207, 1218, 1221, 1258, 1379–1380; French attitude, 506, 508–509, 1379–1380; reapportionment under Inter-Allied Chartering Committee, suggestion, 508–509, 511
  • Procurement of neutral ships, requisition:
    • Danish ships, possibility, 1323–1324, 1326–1327, 1329n
    • Netherland ships:
      • Proposal, by Great Britain, 1396–1397, 1401–1402, 1416; United States, 1383, 1387, 1398–1399, 1405–1406, 1414, 1415
      • Recommendations, 1385–1386, 1399–1401, 1403–1404, 1407, 1408
      • Statement, British, requiring Netherland agreement to tonnage proposal, 1406–1407, 1415; Netherland reply, 1414–1415; U.S. attitude, 1412, 1433
      • Taking over of Netherland ships by Great Britain, 1420–1423; Netherland protest, 1440–1444; British answer, 1469–1478; British promises of no further requisitioning, 1455, 1464, 1482–1483, 1505
      • Taking over of Netherland ships by United States, 1416–1417, 1423–1424, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1454, 1463, 1486, 1499–1500, 1516–1517, 1522–1523, 1536–1543, 1557–1558; Netherland attitude and protests, 1423, 1426–1431, 1437–1446, 1491–1493; U.S. explanations, 1417–1420, 1423, 1425–1426, 1434–1436, 1458–1463, 1468; U.S. undertakings regarding cargoes, crews, etc., 1446–1447, 1451–1454, 1497, 1539–1543
      • U.S. assurances against further requisitioning, 1450, 1454, 1464–1465, 1466, 1467–1468, 1480, 1481–1483, 1485, 1487, 1504–1505
      • U.S. disapproval of British procedure, 1432–1433, 1447–1448
      • Utilization of ships, 1409–1410, 1413, 1415–1416; Netherland need for return of ships, 1553, 1566, 1569, 1572, 1574–1575; status in neutral ports, 1792–1797
    • Swedish ships, possibility, 1214–1215, 1215–1216, 1270, 1277
  • Uncompleted ships, U.S. payment to Great Britain for requisition of ships under construction in U.S. yards, 501–502
  • Utilization of shipping for direct war purposes:
    • Coal for South America, arrangement for, 529–532, 534
    • Import programs, curtailment of U.S. and Allied, 516–517, 518–519, 520–521, 522, 523–524, 525, 532–534, 606, 607, 608, 610, 717, 718–719
    • U.S. “80–division” program, 198–199, 515, 517, 519, 520, 521–522, 525, 528–529, 533
    • U.S. insistence on principle, 498–499, 500, 505, 506, 519
• Socialists. See Labor and Socialist movement.
• Spain (see also Trade regulation by Allied Powers and Trade regulation by United States):
  • Austrian ships, U.S. negotiations for, 498–499
  • Credits for Allied Powers, establishment, 1686–1687, 1689, 1696–1699, 1700–1701, 1702, 1704–1705, 1706–1711
  • Germany:
    • Possibility of break with, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1721, 1723–1724, 1725–1726, 1727
    • Ships:
      • Swiss negotiations for, 1622–1623, 1628, 1632–1636, 1638–1647, 1656–1657, 1657–1658, 1684, 1689
      • Taking over to replace Spanish ships sunk by German submarines, 1643, 1645, 1716–1719, 1719–1721, 1725, 1727–1728; German attitude, 1717, 1718, 1721, 1727, 1728
  • Persia, protests against abrogation of treaties and concessions by, 910, 912
  • Ships. See under Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers: Procurement of neutral ships, negotiations and agreements.
  • United States, purchases for American Expeditionary Forces, 1659, 1660, 1663, 1665, 1671–1672, 1673, 1674–1676, 1678–1679, 1683, 1693, 1694, 1699, 1701–1702, 1711, 1712–1713, 1714–1715, 1716
• Steel, coordination of programs, 586, 601, 605, 606–607, 608, 609–610; use for Japanese shipbuilding, 627–628, 629–630, 632–633, 638–644, 645–646, 647–648, 658
• Stockholm (Socialist) conference, 238, 239
• Submarine warfare:
  • Attitude of Austria-Hungary, 420; Germany, 373; United States, 359
  • Blockade zone, German extension, 1762–1763
  • Operations off American coast, 702–704, 707, 935; off Liberia. 740–741, 742; cessation of activities, 380, 394–395, 417
  • Spain, taking over of German ships to replace Spanish ships sunk, 1643, 1645, 1716–1719, 1719–1721, 1725, 1727–1728; German attitude, 1717, 1718, 1721, 1727, 1728
  • U.S. and Allied measures to combat. See Naval cooperation, United States and Allied Powers.
• Sugar Program Committee, 558, 572, 590.
• Supplies procurement, United States and Allied Powers (see also Financial cooperation, United States and Allied Powers and Food cooperation, United States and Allied Powers):
  • Administrative organizations:
    • Coal and Coke Committee, 590
    • Cotton Committee, 572, 590
    • Hides and Leather Committee, 572, 590
    • Horses and Mules Committee, 590
    • Inter-Allied Metals Committee, functions, 562–563; proposal, 559; recommendations, 563–564, 570–571; reservation of certain metals for negotiations in Washington, 564, 565, 568, 570, 578–579, 580, 581–582, 593; subordination to Inter-Allied Munitions Council, 582; U.S. representation, 559, 563, 564–565, 571
    • Inter-Allied Munitions Council:
      • Functions, 572, 576, 581, 584–587
      • Personnel, 575–576, 586, 588–589, 601
      • Proposal, attitude of France, 565–566, 569, 576–577; Great Britain, 569; United States, 559–560, 577–578, 581
      • Recommendations, 583–584, 609
      • U.S. representation, 577–578, 581, 583–584, 589, 599
    • Inter-Allied Purchasing Committee (Madrid), 1682, 1683, 1684, 1694, 1705
    • Inter-Allied Statistical Bureau, 576
    • Jute, Hemp, and Flax Committee, 572, 590
    • Nitrates Executive, 572
    • Paper Committee, 572, 590
    • Petroleum Conference, 572, 590–591
    • Timber Committee, 572, 590
    • Tin Executive:
      • Establishment by United States and Great Britain, 601–603; adherence of France, Italy, and Japan, 603, 604, 614
      • Proposal, 571, 591–592, 595–596; attitude of Great Britain, 579–580; United States, 571, 592, 593, 595–596
    • Tobacco and Matches Committee, 590
    • Wool Committee, 572, 590, 611–612
  • Cooperative measures:
    • Iron ore, Swedish:
      • Exports to Germany, limitation, 1209, 1213, 1222–1223, 1226, 1232–1233, 1242, 1246, 1265, 1268, 1282, 1283, 1288
      • Purchase by Allied Powers, 1209, 1245–1246, 1261–1262; U.S. participation, 1216–1217, 1223, 1238–1239, 1291–1293, 1294–1295
    • Molybdenum, Norwegian, U.S. participation in purchase, 1293–1294, 1295
    • Oil distribution and oil-well equipment:
      • Agreement concerning Icelandic oil purchase, 1364, 1372, 1373–1376
      • British-American negotiations, 617–624
      • Petroleum Conference, 572, 590–591
      • U.S. suspension of oil shipments to Chile pending assurances, 709–710, 711–713; Chilean assurances of non-enemy use, 710, 711–712, 717–718
    • Post-war cooperation, Allied proposal, 612–614, 615–616; U.S. objection, 616–617
    • Program committees, attitude of Allied Powers, 572, 574, 587, 611–612; attitude of United States, 593, 595–596, 597–598; formation, 587–591; functions, 567, 572, 573, 588; proposal, 566–568; U.S. representation, 568, 572, 573, 574–575, 584, 587–588, 591, 593–595, 600; U.S. submission of programs, 605, 606–607, 608–609, 610
    • Purchases for American Expeditionary Forces, in Switzerland, 1609, 1613–1618, 1631–1632; in Spain, 1659, 1660, 1663, 1665, 1671–1672, 1673, 1674–1676, 1678–1679, 1683, 1693, 1694, 1699, 1701–1702, 1711, 1712–1713, 1714–1715, 1716
    • Steel, coordination of programs, 586, 601, 605, 606–607, 608, 609–10; use for Japanese shipbuilding, 627–628, 629–630, 632–633, 638–644, 645–646, 647–648, 658
    • Tanks, British-American agreement, 560–562
    • Tin, arrangement concerning, 591–593, 601–603, 604, 614
    • Wool, Icelandic, purchase by Allied Powers, 1362, 1364–1365, 1370; U.S. participation, 1372, 1373
  • Needs of Allied Powers, statements on, 153, 256, 583–584, 601, 604
• Supreme War Council. See under Military cooperation, United States and Allied Powers.
• Sweden (see also Trade regulation by Allied Powers and Trade regulation by United States):
  • Credits for Allied Powers, establishment, 1260–1263
  • German safe-conducts, attitude toward, 1082, 1086
  • Iron ore:
    • Exports to Germany, limitation, 1209, 1213, 1222–1223, 1226, 1232–1233, 1242, 1246, 1265, 1268, 1282, 1283, 1288
    • Purchase by Allied Powers, 1209, 1245–1246, 1261–1262; U.S. participation, 1216–1217, 1223, 1238–1239, 1291–1293, 1294–1295
  • Ships. See under Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers: Procurement of neutral ships.
  • United States, appointment of commissioner to, 1280–1281
• Switzerland (see also Trade regulation by Allied Powers and Trade regulation by United States):
  • Consular officers of belligerent states, protests of violations of neutrality laws by, 1805–1806; Allied attitude, 1806–1807; U.S. attitude, 1807
  • Credits for Allied Powers, establishment, 1593, 1595–1596, 1598–1599, 1644–1645, 1647
  • Germany, commercial agreement with, 1623–1624, 1625; declaration of respect for Swiss neutrality, 137; negotiations for German ships in Spain, 1622–1623, 1628, 1632–1636, 1638–1647, 1656–1657, 1657–1658, 1684, 1689
  • Spanish ships, proposed charter of, 1625–1626, 1639, 1640, 1641
  • United States, purchases for American Expeditionary Forces, 1609, 1613–1618, 1631–1632
• Taft, William Howard, article on seizure of Dutch ships, 1425–1426, 1468
• Tanks, British-American agreement, 560–562
• Timber Committee, 572, 590
• Tin Executive. See under Supplies procurement, United States and Allied Powers: Administrative organizations.
• Tobacco and Matches Committee, 590
• Trade conditions, equality of. See under Peace terms and attitude.
• Trade regulation by Allied Powers (see also Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers and Trade regulation by United States):
  • Administrative organizations:
    • Allied Blockade Committee, proposal, 945–946, 952, 955–958, 970; establishment, 974, 978–979; functions, 974, 975, 978, 1001–1002; U.S. approval, 976
    • Inter-Allied blockade committee proposed for Switzerland and Spain, British attitude, 1006–1008; discussions, 991–992, 993– 994, 995–996, 1000–1001, 1002– 1003; U.S. approval, 994– 995, 999–1000
    • Inter-Allied trade committees in neutral nations, proposal, 963, 968, 969, 970, 1682, 1688–1689, 1690; functions, 974–975, 976–977, 979–980, 998–999, 1683–1684, 1694–1696, 1705–1706
    • International Committee on Contingents, 1610, 1611, 1624–1625
    • International Statistical Committee, 957–958, 965
    • Permanent International Committee of Economic Action, 941, 942–943, 952
  • Agreements with neutral nations:
    • Agreements with—
      • Denmark, Anglo-Danish shipping agreement, 1361
      • Iceland, agreement of May 23 between Allied Governments and Iceland, 1363–1371, 1375–1376; U.S. adherence, 1376–1377
      • Netherlands:
        • Agreement of Nov. 25 between Associated Governments and War Trade Board and Netherland Government, 1574–1583
        • Agreement of Dec. 17 between Associated Governments and Netherlands Overseas Trust, 1583–1590; U.S. adherence, 1591–1592
      • Norway, Allied adherence to agreement of Apr. 30 between War Trade Board and Norwegian Government, 1186, 1188, 1197; text, 1170–1183
      • Spain, agreement of Mar. 7 between France and Spain concerning commerce and finance, 1671; Spanish non-observance, 1674–1675, 1678–1679
      • Sweden, agreement of May 29 between Associated Governments and Sweden, 1239, 1240–1263, 1264–1273, 1276–1277; U.S. adherence, 1215, 1225, 1227–1228, 1231, 1237–1238, 1239, 1263, 1276–1277, 1280; Swedish exports in contravention of agreement, 1281–1283, 1293; Allied protests, 1284–1286, 1287–1289, 1291
      • Switzerland:
        • Agreements of May 1 between Associated Powers and Switzerland, 1613–1618, 1631–1632
        • Agreement of May 8 between Associated Powers and Switzerland regarding cotton, 1605–1606, 1621, 1636–1637
        • Agreement of Oct. 23 between Italy and Switzerland, 1652–1653, 1655; U.S. attitude, 1648–1649, 1652–1653
    • Negotiations with—
      • Denmark, suggestions, 944, 988, 1298, 1332–1335, 1336–1338
      • Iceland, 1362–1363, 1371–1372, 1373–1374
      • Netherlands, 1377–1379, 1381–1382, 1385, 1449, 1455, 1464, 1466–1467, 1489–1490, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1515–1516, 1517, 1521–1522, 1528–1529, 1530–1531, 1534–1536, 1546–1547, 1550–1551; Allied proposals, 1378–1379, 1482–1483, 1484, 1512, 1554–1556, 1559–1561, 1563–1564, 1565–1570, 1573; Netherland proposals, 1394–1395, 1511, 1553–1554, 1558–1559; U.S. suggestions, 1484–1485, 1505–1507, 1508–1509, 1512–1515, 1524–1527, 1531, 1543–1544, 1548, 1549, 1551–1552, 1561–1563, 1564–1565, 1570–1572, 1573–1574
      • Norway, suggestions, 944, 1110, 1134–1138, 1145, 1147–1149
      • Spain, 1661–1662, 1664–1665, 1666–1667, 1668, 1670–1671
      • Sweden, 944, 1200–1201, 1207–1210, 1212–1215, 1218–1219, 1222–1223, 1225–1228, 1229, 1231–1233; U.S. suggestions, 1211–1213, 1217, 1229–1230, 1239
      • Switzerland, 1620–1621
    • Price-fixing as aid to negotiations, request for U.S. cooperation, 972–974; U.S. disapproval, 978
  • “Call at Halifax”:
    • Attitude and practice of Great Britain, 956–957, 1257; U.S. attitude, 938, 941, 1745
    • Elimination, question of, 941, 956–957, 969, 1003–1005, 1010–1011, 1012–1013
  • Letters of assurance (navicerts):
    • Attitude of Great Britain, 949–950, 951–952, 955–956; United States, 938, 939–941
    • Proposal for abolition, 963–965, 968–969, 969–971; British approval, 968, 969, 971
• Trade regulation by United States (see also Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers and Trade regulation by Allied Powers):
  • Administrative organizations, Contraband Committee, 962–963
  • Agreements with neutral nations:
    • Agreements with—
      • Denmark, agreement of Sept. 18 between War Trade Board and Danish associations, 1339–1360, 1361
      • Iceland, adherence to agreement of May 23 between Allied Governments and Iceland, 1376–1377; approval of supplementary agreement (Sept. 9), 1376; text of agreements, 1363–1371, 1375–1376
      • Netherlands:
        • Agreement of Nov. 25 between Netherland Government and Associated Governments and War Trade Board, 1574–1583
        • Adherence to agreement of Dec. 17 between Associated Governments and Netherlands Overseas Trust, 1591–1592; text of agreement, 1584–1590
      • Norway, agreement of Apr. 30 between War Trade Board and Norwegian Government, 1170–1183, 1198–1199; approval of Allied Powers, 1183, 1186, 1188, 1197; “branch agreements”, arrangements for, 1120, 1136–1137, 1144–1145, 1179, 1183–1184, 1184–1186, 1186–1187, 1196–1197, 1197–1198, 1199–1200; draft text of “branch agreement”, 1188–1196
      • Spain, commercial agreement of Mar. 7 between United States and Spain, 1671–1674; control of commodities, arrangement for, 1668–1669, 1682–1684, 1688–1689, 1690, 1693–1696, 1702–1703, 1705–1706, 1712, 1713–1714, 1715–1716, 1724; Spanish nonobservance, 1674–1676, 1678–1679, 1681–1682; supplementary agreement (Aug. 28), 1707–1708
      • Sweden, adherence to agreement of May 29 between Associated Governments and Sweden, 1215, 1225, 1227–1228, 1231, 1237–1238, 1239, 1263, 1276–1277, 1280; agreement text, 1240–1263, 1264–1273; Swedish exports in contravention of agreement, 1281–1283, 1293; U.S. protest, 1284–1290, 1290–1291, 1293
      • Switzerland:
        • Agreement of Dec. 5, 1917, between War Trade Board and Swiss Government, American facilitation of transportation of petroleum products, 1626–1628; American insistence on Allied obligation to furnish grain, 1592–1594, 1595–1596, 1596–1597, 1598–1599, 1603–1605, 1629; American provision of tonnage for grain, 1593, 1594, 1596, 1598–1599, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1610–1611, 1611–1612, 1618– 1620, 1621–1622, 1624, 1627, 1629, 1637–1638, 1648; modification and extension of agreement, 1597, 1647–1648; Swiss pleas for compliance with terms, 1594–1595, 1599–1603, 1651–1652
        • Agreements of May 1 between Associated Powers and Switzerland, 1613–1618, 1621, 1631–1632
        • Agreement of May 8 between Associated Powers and Switzerland regarding cotton, 1605–1606, 1621, 1629–1631, 1636–1637
    • Negotiations with—
      • Denmark, 980, 984, 1298–1299, 1305–1306, 1329, 1330, 1332, 1337; proposals, Danish, 1308–1316, 1320–1323, 1336; proposals, U.S., 1297–1298, 1299–1305, 1319–1320, 1330, 1338; suggestions, 944, 988, 1295–1297, 1298, 1305, 1306, 1317–1319, 1325–1326, 1330–1331, 1332–1335, 1336–1338
      • Iceland, 1362–1363, 1371–1374
      • Netherlands, 938, 1448–1449, 1505, 1530–1531, 1544–1546, 1548–1549, 1552–1553; suggestions, 944, 988, 1484–1485, 1505–1507, 1508–1509, 1514–1515, 1524–1527, 1531, 1543–1544, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1551–1552, 1561–1563, 1564–1565, 1570–1572, 1573–1574
      • Norway, 980, 1108–1109, 1110, 1111–1112, 1117, 1127, 1134, 1151–1152, 1168–1170; proposals, Norwegian, 1108–1109, 1112–1113, 1115, 1116–1117, 1118–1127, 1129–1134, 1155–1163; proposals, U.S., 1113–1114, 1117, 1127–1128, 1138–1145, 1146–1147, 1151, 1154; publication of proposals, suggestion, 1107–1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1114–1115, 1115–1116, 1126; suggestions, 944, 1110, 1112, 1134–1138, 1145, 1147–1149, 1152; U.S. assurances regarding supplies, 1108, 1111, 1113, 1125
      • Spain, 1658–1659, 1660–1663, 1664–1668
      • Sweden, suggestions, 1211–1213, 1217, 1229–1230, 1239
      • Switzerland, 1596, 1597, 1599, 1605–1606, 1607, 1609–1610, 1612–1613, 1621, 1642, 1647, 1649–1651, 1653–1655, 1655–1656, 1657
    • Proposal, French, to block German-neutral agreements continuing after war, 988; U.S. attitude, 995
  • Bunker control:
    • Kronprins Gustaf Adolf and Pacific, cases of, 1224–1225, 1278–1279
    • Panama Canal Zone, exercise in, 971, 1011, 1685, 1686
    • Sailing ships and unarmed steamers, rules governing, 997–998, 1000, 1005–1006, 1008, 1009, 1010
    • U.S. bunker license rules, 946–949, 953, 977–978, 997–998:
      • Application to Netherland ships, 1481, 1487–1488; Spanish ships in Latin American trade, 936, 1730–1731, 1733–1736, 1738–1739, 1741, 1742–1744, 1745–1746; discussion of call at Porto Rico, 1738, 1740, 1742–1744, 1745
      • Modification for Danish ships, 1307, 1312, 1317; Spanish ships, 1721–1722, 1724–1725; Swedish ships, 1210–1211, 1212
    • Zeelandia, case of, 1382, 1383, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1392, 1393, 1437, 1446
  • Enemy trading lists:
    • Cloak list, establishment and scope, 1031–1032, 1044, 1048
    • Confidential enemy trading list, establishment and scope, 1031–1032, 1043–1044
    • Coordination with British and French lists, 1013, 1015, 1016–1020, 1021–1023, 1024–1027, 1029, 1031, 1037, 1039–1041, 1046–1048, 1049–1051, 1052, 1055, 1058–1060, 1060–1062, 1080; participation of Belgium, 1075–1076, 1080; Japan, 1032–1033, 1034, 1062–1063, 1067, 1079, 1081
    • Enemy trading list of firms for Latin America, application, 1014, 1015, 1080; publication, 1013; review of evidence, 1016, 1017, 1023, 1024–1025, 1048, 1052; suspension in belligerent nations, 1020
    • Enemy trading list of firms, general, 1042–1043:
      • Application, 1044–1046
      • Extension of list to Japan, 1030; Portugal, 1025–1026, 1028–1029, 1054–1055, 1060–1061, 1062, 1066; Switzerland, 1031, 1034, 1035–1036, 1037, 1039–1041, 1054, 1058–1060, 1062, 1072, 1075, 1077–1078
      • Protests of Spain, 1064–1065, 1069, 1076; Switzerland, 1057–1058
      • Publication, 1026–1027
      • Review of evidence, 1014, 1016, 1017–1018, 1021, 1023, 1047–1048
    • Export licenses for listed firms, coordination of U.S. and Allied policy:
      • Agreement with France and Great Britain for conferences, 1028, 1029, 1030–1031, 1034–1035, 1047, 1049, 1063–1064
      • Allied reservations and objections, 1035, 1036–1037, 1038–1039, 1041–1042
      • Limited resumption of inter-Allied conferences, 1054, 1063–1064, 1065–1066, 1067–1069, 1069–1072, 1073–1074, 1077, 1078, 1079
      • Question of participation of Belgium, 1075–1076, 1080; Italy, 1067–1068, 1073, 1074; Japan, 1062–1063, 1067, 1079, 1081
      • U.S. efforts toward, 1051–1052, 1052–1054, 1055–1057, 1068–1069, 1072–1073, 1076, 1079
    • White list, U.S. attitude toward, 1023, 1046
    • White list for China, 1028, 1033
  • Exports control:
    • Embargo on exports to northern neutrals:
      • Food, Netherland request for shipments pending negotiations, 1404, 1412, 1439, 1511; British attitude, 1414, 1463–1464; compliance by United States, 1409–1410, 1413–1414, 1439, 1448–1450; release of Dutch ships in United States proposed in return for release of Dutch ships in Netherlands, [Page 1833] 1451, 1453, 1456–1457, 1464–1465, 1467–1468, 1468–1469, 1474, 1479–1480, 1484, 1488–1489, 1490–1491, 1493–1494, 1495–1496, 1499, 1501, 1520
      • Relaxation proposed by Allied Powers, 936–938, 938–939, 942, 984–985; U.S. objection, 939, 950, 956, 985–986
      • Relaxed on nonessentials for Denmark, 980, 984, 986; Netherlands and Sweden, 965, 968, 972
      • Release of certain Norwegian ships, 1128–1129, 1134, 1149–1150, 1153
      • Resumption of exports to Netherland East Indies, 1502, 1515–1516, 1517, 1522, 1534
    • Embargo on exports to Spain, question of relaxation, 1658–1659, 1661–1663, 1667, 1668, 1669–1670, 1673, 1693
    • Export licenses (see also supra under Enemy trading lists), U.S. regulations, 958–960, 962–963; rationing of newsprint paper to Latin American countries, 986, 987; replacement of navicerts and calls at Halifax proposed, 938, 939–941, 949–950, 955–958, 963–965, 968–971, 1003–1005, 1010–1011, 1012–1013
    • Joint certification of manifests by American and British consuls, 990–991, 993, 1009, 1011–1012
    • Neutral ship service for tonnage saving, U.S. proposed requirement, 988–990, 992–993, 996–997
  • Imports control, application, 1604; certificates of interest, 980–983, 987; import licenses, 960–962, 975–976, 1078
• Treaties:
  • Berne, treaty between United States and Switzerland (1850s), cited, 1807
  • Brest-Litovsk (Mar. 3):
    • Negotiations, attitude toward, of Austria-Hungary, 54–57; France, 29–30; Germany, 24, 39, 136–137; Great Britain, 8–9; Italy, 114; Supreme War Council, 70; United States, 12–13, 108–109, 201–202
    • Provisions, attitude toward, of Austria-Hungary, 247; Germany, 240, 347; Russia, 356, 437; United States, 234, 317–318, 409
    • Signing, 190, 191
  • Bucharest (May 7):
    • Negotiations, 137, 758, 759–760, 761–762, 763, 765–766; U.S. attitude, 201
    • Provisions, proposals of Central Powers, 760, 761–762, 763, 765–766, 768, 771–777, 778–779; attitude of Allied Powers, 762, 765–766, 768, 778, 779, 780, 781; Austria-Hungary, 247; Germany, 240, 347; United States, 317–318, 409, 762, 764, 766, 767, 778, 780–783
    • Signing, 190, 191
    • Text, 771–777
  • London, Pact of:
    • Attitude of France, 30, 210, 375; Great Britain, 60, 79, 141, 281–282, 375; Jugo-Slavs, 811, 861, 865–866, 867–868; United States, 410, 799
    • Italian insistence on fulfillment of terms, 18, 26, 35, 42–43, 60, 115–116, 122, 300, 375, 376, 798, 826, 833–841, 865, 867
    • Publication in Italy, 115–116
    • Vatican participation in peace conference, question, 122, 167–168, 173
  • Rome, Pact of, 797–799, 838–840
• Turkey (see also Armistice: Turkey with Allied Powers and Peace terms and attitude):
  • Arabs, independence efforts, 237–238, 241–244, 282
  • Armenia. See Armenian national movement.
  • Peace, attitude, statements and reports on, 341–343, 360; informal conversations directed toward Great Britain, 340–341, 341–343, 352–353; proposal, note (Oct. 12) asking armistice, 360
  • United States, desire to resume relations with, 416
• Ukrainia, peace with Central Powers, 120, 190, 191, 753, 757
• United States (see also Armistice; Financial cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Food cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Labor and Socialist movement; Military cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Naval cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Peace conference; Peace terms and attitude; Shipping cooperation, United States and Allied Powers; Supplies procurement, United States and Allied Powers; Trade regulation by Allied Powers; Trade regulation by United States; and Treaties):
  • American Expeditionary Forces. See under Military cooperation, United States and Allied Powers: U.S. provision of military units.
  • American Federation of Labor. See American Federation of Labor.
  • American Red Cross, President Wilson’s address opening campaign, 233–237
  • Armed merchant ships in neutral ports, inquiries concerning treatment, 1790, 1792, 1796:
    • Status in Argentina, 1795–1797; Honduras, 1790; Netherlands, 1792; statement concerning Central and South American countries, 1790–1791
  • Neutral ships taken over, inquiries concerning status, 1792–1793, 1796; status in Argentina, 1748, 1793–1794, 1795, 1796–1797; Chile, 1793; Peru, 1795; Uruguay, 1794
  • Panama Canal Zone, exercise of jurisdiction by War Trade Board, 971, 1011, 1685, 1686; release of Dutch ships requisitioned in, 1431, 1433, 1536
  • Peace:
    • Conversations, informal, regarding peace attitude of Austria-Hungary, 21–23, 60–62, 71, 82–105, 203–204, 369–370, 419–420; Bulgaria, 3, 65–67, 147–149, 172, 187; Germany, 21–23, 95–98, 102–103, 122–123, 131–132, 217–218, 218–219, 229, 260, 267, 276–279, 286, 288, 290, 291, 294, 297, 416–418; U.S. attitude, 31, 51–52, 62, 67, 71, 80–81, 82, 104–105, 187, 282, 288, 290, 297, 312–313, 379
    • Proposals:
      • Note to Austria-Hungary (March), replying to peace overtures, 183–184
      • Note to Austria-Hungary (Sept. 17), replying to note of Sept. 16, 309–310
      • Note to Bulgaria (Sept. 27), offering to mediate with Allied Powers, 324
      • Note to Germany (Oct. 8), requesting explanation of German note of Oct. 4, 343
      • Note to Germany (Oct. 14), demanding end of arbitrary power, 358–359
      • Note to Austria-Hungary (Oct. 19), rejecting autonomy of peoples as peace basis, 368
      • Note to Germany (Oct. 23), promising to discuss armistice terms with Allied Powers, 381–383
      • Note to Allied Powers (Oct. 23), submitting correspondence with Germany, 383
      • Note to Rumania (Oct. 25), submitting correspondence with Germany, 782–783
      • Message to Austria-Hungary (Oct. 31), promising to discuss armistice terms with Allied Powers, 429–430
      • Note to Turkey (Oct. 31), promising to discuss armistice terms with Allied Powers, 428
      • Note to Germany (Nov. 5), announcing armistice negotiations may be begun, 468–469
  • President. See Wilson, Woodrow.
  • Propaganda committee formed, charge, 69–70
  • Recruiting of Armenian volunteers, 885–886, 890–891; Jewish battalion for service with British in Palestine, 292, 295, 361; Slavic Legion, 827–828
  • Relations with—
    • Bulgaria:
      • Complaint regarding hostile acts, 258; Bulgarian denials, 279, 290, 292–293
      • Possibility of war, 222; attitude of Bulgaria, 65, 292–293; France, 227, 229; Great Britain, 232–233; Italy, 225–226, 293–294; Supreme War Council, 227–228, 890
    • Turkey:
      • Desire to resume relations with United States, 416
      • Possibility of war declaration, 222; attitude of France, 227, 229; Great Britain, 232–233; Italy, 225–226; Supreme War Council, 227–228, 890
  • War with Austria-Hungary and Germany, statements and reports on aims, 12–17, 108–113, 200–203, 234–237, 269–271, 316–321, 405–413
• Unneutral service by merchant ships, U.S. policy toward, 929–930
• Uruguay, Austrian ships, U.S. negotiations for, 498–499, 504; German ships, U.S. negotiations for, 663–664, 667–671, 676–677, 692; military mission, detention by German submarine, 682, 683, 689; U.S. ships taken over from neutrals, status, 1794
• Visit and search, retention of right in trade agreements with neutral nations, 1171, 1248, 1339–1340, 1368; U.S. policy, 924–927, 932–936
• War Trade Board. See Trade regulation by United States.
• Westfried (Austrian), peace conversations with U.S. officials in Copenhagen, 203–204
• Wheat crisis, U.S. measures to meet, 535–536, 536–537, 538, 541–544, 547–550; Allied gratitude for U.S. efforts, 545, 549, 550; Allied pleas for increased assistance, 536, 537–538, 540–541, 545–547
• Wheat Executive, 558, 567, 572, 589
• Wilson, Woodrow:
  • Addresses on war aims and peace terms:
    • “Fourteen Points”, message to Congress (Jan. 8), 12–17; reception by Allied labor, 32–34; Australia, 490–491; Austria-Hungary, 34, 36, 57–59, 61, 341; Belgium, 448, 456; France, 19–21, 29, 73, 346, 352, 422, 425, 426, 448, 456; Germany, 23–26, 26–28, 40–42, 44, 49, 73–74, 338, 357–358; Great Britain, 17–18, 32–34, 73, 365–367, 421, 422, 425, 448, 455–456, 470; Italy, 18–19, 26, 62, 73, 375–376, 448; Russia, 448–455; Serbia, 791, 792; Turkey, 360; Wilson’s interpretations, 43, 405–413, 421, 423, 427–428
    • Reply to Hertling and Czernin, message to Congress (Feb. 11), 108–113; reception by Allied Socialists, 158; Austria-Hungary, 124–125, 190, 307–308, 341; France, 114–115; Germany, 116–119, 120–121, 122–123, 130, 135–136, 139–140; Italy, 113–114, 116; Serbia, 792
    • Anniversary of U.S. entrance into war (Apr. 6), 200–203; reception by France, 204–205; Germany, 206–209; Great Britain, 205
    • Red Cross Fund Campaign (May 18), 233–237; reception by Germany, 239–241
    • Independence Day (July 4), 268–271; reception by Austria-Hungary, 307–308; Bulgaria, 327; Germany, 275–276, 285, 287, 294.
    • Fourth Liberty Loan (Sept. 27), 316–321; reception by Austria-Hungary, 341; France, 328–329; Germany, 338; Great Britain, 470; Italy, 331–334; Turkey, 360
  • Executive order, taking possession of equipment, etc., aboard Netherland ships (Mar. 28), 1432
  • Message to—
    • Austrian Emperor, concerning peace proposal, 183–184
    • Colonel House, respecting armistice negotiations, 421, 423, 427–428
    • Peoples of Austria-Hungary, asking moderation in reforms, 470
    • Premier of Serbia, assuring justice, 823
    • President of France, acknowledging praise of U.S. troops, 257
    • President of Nicaragua, on declaration of war on Germany and Austria-Hungary, 692–693.
  • Proclamations: requiring licenses for all exports (Feb. 14), 958–960; requiring licenses for all imports (Feb. 14), 960–962; taking over ships of the Netherlands (Mar. 20), 1416–1417
  • Remarks on reception of Montenegrin Minister, 789–790
  • Statement regarding taking over of Netherland ships, 1417–1420
• Wood convention of May 1 between Associated Powers and Switzerland, 1613–1616, 1631–1632
• Wool Committee, 572, 590, 611–612
• Wool, Icelandic, purchase by Allied Powers, 1362, 1364–1365, 1370; U.S. participation, 1372, 1373
• Zeelandia, case of, 1382, 1383, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1392, 1393, 1437, 1446