Index

• Aircraft, status as exports, 117
• Alabama decision, cited, 115
• Albert, Heinrich (German commercial attaché), activities, 87, 88, 89–90
• American Peace Society, efforts for maintenance of U. S.-German peace, 599–604, 609
• Ancona, sunk with Americans aboard, U. S. attitude and progress of negotiations with Austria-Hungary, 94, 332, 490, 493–494, 495, 497–498, 499–502, 503, 504–508, 509–510, 515
• Anderson, Chandler P., 465–466, 469–470
• Anglo-American Rough Riders, 26–27
• Annie Larsen, 242–243
• Appam, prize in American port, 222–223
• Arabia, sunk with Americans aboard, 574, 575
• Arabic, sunk with Americans aboard, development of U. S. policy and negotiations with Germany, 92, 467–469, 470–473, 475, 477–484, 485–486
• Arbitration of U. S.-Austrian disputes, comments, 505, 506–507; of U. S.-German disputes, proposals, 437, 465–466, 481, 487, 510–511, 512, 555
• Armament of merchant ships:
  • Armed merchant ships in neutral ports, U. S. rules and attitude, 157–158, 159, 331
  • Submarine warfare, relation to:
    • British policy and practices, reports concerning, 374–375, 581
    • U. S. position:
      • Development of policy and proposals to belligerents, discussions, 330–336, 338–339, 342–348, 349–352, 560–561, 562, 579–591, 605; German-Austrian declaration, discussion, 337, 339–342, 344, 348–349
      • Policy and regulations following severance of relations with Germany, 607–608, 609–626
• Armenians, deportations, 41, 42–43, 763, 765, 768–769, 772, 786
• Ausable, 313
• Austria-Hungary (see also Ancona):
  • Armament of merchant ships, German-Austrian declaration, 337, 339–342, 344, 348–349
  • Financial conditions, 642–643, 648–649, 654, 656, 662
  • Food situation, 643–645, 654, 663, 780–781
  • Peace proposal, 24–25
  • Relations with United States, 506, 507–508, 508–509, 596, 632–634, 640, 657
  • Representatives in United States:
    • Dumba, C. T. (Ambassador): Discussions regarding U. S.-German relations, 408–411, 413–416; recall, 79–83, 639–640, 647, 664
    • Nuber, von (consul general at New York), conduct, 83, 84, 85, 87, 87–88, 94, 503–504
    • Tarnowski, Count Adam (Ambassador designate), question of reception, 632–634
  • Resources and food supplies, 643–645, 654–655, 663, 780–782
  • U. S. Ambassador, comments on conditions in Austria-Hungary and general war situation, 639–664
• Baralong, 333, 673–674
• Belgium (see also Warfare, illegal and inhumane methods):
  • Bombardment of Antwerp, U. S. attitude, 29–33, 35
  • Commission to United States, arrangements for reception, 33–35
  • Deportations by Germany, U. S. policy concerning, 39–47
  • Neutrality, violation of, 188–195, 201–204
  • U. S. Legation, action in case of Miss Edith Cavell: Efforts to obtain clemency, 48–61; Maître de Leval (legal counselor of Legation), case of, 56–61, 62–63, 64–65, 65, 66, 67; publication of correspondence, 62, 63–64, 65, 66–67
• Berwindvale, 545
• Blacklist of neutral firms, U. S. attitude, 313–319, 320
• Blockades, U. S. development of policy in connection with British-French declaration and practices, 270–291, 293–308
• Bopp, Franz (German consul general at San Francisco), revocation of exequatur, 99
• Boy-Ed, Capt (German naval attaché), recall, 83, 84, 86–87, 88–89, 91, 93, 672
• Brindilla (George Washington), Standard Oil tanker, transfer of flag, 106, 107–108
• Bulgaria, comments of U. S. Ambassadors in Europe, 640–641, 642, 650, 652–653, 720, 723–724, 725–726, 739
• Bureau of War Risk Insurance, 103–105
• Cables, discussion of U. S. policy regarding use, 152–157, 170
• Cavell, Miss Edith, action by U. S. Legation in Belgium on behalf of, 48–67
• Chandler Brothers of Philadelphia, loan to Germany, 141
• China. See Far East.
• China case:
  • Cited, 224, 238
  • Report concerning, 309–311; U. S. attitude, 312–313, 327
• Coaling. See Supplying belligerent warships.
• Contraband of war (see also Blockades; Munitions of war): Cotton, status, 301–302, 404–405; U. S. attitude, 113, 159, 171–173, 173–174, 175–176
• Convoy, 467, 621
• Cotton, contraband status, 301–302, 404–405
• Cuba, severance of diplomatic relations with Germany, 593, 594, 596, 631–632
• Cushing, American ship attacked by German airplane, 381, 383, 384, 392–393, 395, 405, 422, 441–442, 445–446, 449
• Dacia, 110
• Declaration of London: Recognition in present war, U. S.-British negotiations, 247–249, 250–257, 266–270; rules governing blockade, 280, 283
• Deportations of civil populations (see also Armenians), 39–47
• Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes:
  • Cases, 309–311, 312–313, 327–328
  • U. S. attitude toward practices of Great Britain and her allies, 249–250, 257–259, 261–266, 270–291, 293–309, 312–319, 321–329, 404–405, 406, 515; attitude of British public regarding U. S. protests, 291–293
• Dickinson, Judge J. M., 195–198
• Dumba, C. T. (Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to United States): Recall, 79–83, 639–640, 647, 664; U. S.-German relations, discussions regarding, 408–411, 413–416
• Dumdum bullets, 207–208
• Dunsley, 467, 472, 478
• Eagle Point, 545
• Economic Conference of Allied Powers, 311–312
• Ecuador, suggestion for conference of American states, 246
• Englishman, 545
• Enlistment of U. S. citizens in belligerent forces: German threat to shoot Anglo-American Rough Riders if captured, 26–27; U. S. measures to discourage, proposed legislation, 27–28
• Falaba, sunk with Americans aboard, U. S. determination of policy, 365–382, 383–385, 405, 422–423, 442, 446–447, 450
• Far East, neutralization proposals: Chinese proposal, 1; German proposal, transmission of, 4–5; U. S. position, discussions concerning, 1–4, 5
• Fatherland (The), 118, 159, 163, 173–175
• First National Bank of Chicago, interest in loans to belligerents, 141–144
• First National Bank of New York, interest in loans to belligerents, 141
• Flag, transfer of. See Transfer of German-owned merchant vessels.
• Foodstuffs, U. S. proposal to belligerents, 353–354
• Foreign diplomats in United States, conduct of, 68–99, 495, 503–504
• France: Deportations of civil populations, 41, 43; mails, Allied censorship, U. S. attitude, 321–326, 329; Sussex case, information regarding, 548–549, 551, 552, 559–560; transfer of German-owned merchant vessels to American registry, discussion as to French attitude, 105, 107, 108, 109; U. S. loans and credits, 131–133, 136–137, 137–138, 141
• Friends of Peace society, attitude toward U. S. loans to belligerents, 147–148
• Frye. See William P. Frye.
• Germany (see also Naval war zone; Submarine warfare):
  • Armament of merchant ships, German-Austrian declaration, 337, 339–342, 344, 348–349
  • Dyestuffs, embargo, 667–668, 675, 676
  • Emperor, interview, 123–124
  • Far East, neutralization proposal, 4–5
  • Food shortages, 670–671, 678, 679, 681, 682, 683, 685, 697, 699, 776–777, 791
  • Prizes in neutral ports, 222–223
  • Relations with United States (see also Severance of diplomatic relations, infra; also Submarine warfare), comments of U. S. Ambassadors in Europe, 706–707, 722–723, 726, 727, 788
  • Representatives in United States:
    • Albert, Heinrich (commercial attaché), activities, 87, 88, 89–90
    • Bopp, Franz (consul general at San Francisco), revocation of exequatur, 99
    • Boy-Ed, Capt. (naval attaché), recall, 83, 84, 86–87, 88–89, 91, 93, 672
    • Igel, Wolf von, arrest and seizure of papers, 95–99
    • Papen, Capt. Franz von (military attaché), recall, 83, 84, 86–87, 88, 88–89, 90–93, 672
    • Schoen, Baron von (secretary of Embassy), conduct, 75–79
  • Severance of diplomatic relations by—
    • Cuba, U. S. attitude, 593, 594, 596, 631–632
    • Panama, U. S. attitude, 593, 594, 631–632
    • United States:
      • Attitude of American Peace Society, 599–604, 609; Entente Embassies in United States, 604; Great Britain, 593–594
      • Discussions and considerations leading to, 367–368, 369, 374, 382, 383–384, 391, 407, 408–411, 413–416, 436–437, 439, 470–471, 474, 487–488, 491–493, 517, 521, 522, 524, 527–529, 538–539, 541–542, 546–547, 549, 555, 559, 573, 575–576, 583, 591–592
      • Position of United States following severance of relations, and outbreak of war, 616–618, 620, 626–631, 634–638
      • Swiss peace move, U. S. attitude, 597–599, 608
  • U. S. Ambassador, reports on conditions in Germany and general war situation, 664–700
  • U. S. citizens, German threat to shoot Anglo-American Rough Riders if captured, 26–27
  • U. S. loans and credits, 133, 137, 141
  • War with United States (see also Severance of diplomatic relations, supra). 634–638
• Great Britain:
  • Armament of merchant ships, reports concerning policy, 374–375, 581
  • Blacklist of neutral firms, U. S. attitude, 313–319, 320
  • Blockade of German ports. See Detention and seizure, infra.
  • Contraband of war, assurance regarding cotton, 301–302
  • Declaration of London, negotiations with United States as to recognition, 247–249, 250–257, 266–270
  • Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes, U. S. attitude, 249–250, 257–259, 261–266, 270–291, 293–309, 312–319, 321–329, 404–405, 406, 515; attitude of British public regarding U. S. protests, 291–293
  • Hindu and German intrigues, British contentions, 223–224; U. S. attitude, 237–246
  • Removal of seamen and others from American vessels, U. S. policy, 170–171, 315, 327–328
  • Transfer of German-owned merchant vessels to American registry, information concerning British attitude, 100, 101, 105, 106, 107, 108–109
  • U. S. Ambassador: Comments and reports on conditions in Great Britain and general war situation, 700–702, 703–716; resignation, correspondence regarding, 702, 716
  • U. S. loans and credits, 142–144, 147
  • U. S. severance of diplomatic relations with Germany, attitude, 593–594
  • Zeppelin attack on London, 32, 38
• Greece, comments of U. S. Ambassador in Italy, 720–721, 723, 725–726, 729–730, 730–731, 739, 741
• Gregory, Dr. Charles Noble, 122
• Guaranty Trust Co., interest in loans to belligerents, 149–150
• Gulflight, American ship torpedoed, 383, 384, 392–393, 395, 405, 422, 441–442, 445–446, 449
• Hague Conventions, cited, 29–32, 35–37, 152, 156, 189–190, 199–210, 215, 588–589
• Hamburg-American Line, 216–217
• Henry S., 239, 241–242, 313
• Hesperian, torpedoed with Americans aboard, 475, 476
• Hindu and German intrigues, 223–224, 237–246
• House, Col. E. M., 128–129, 182–183, 216, 222, 300, 342, 412–413, 474, 482–483, 486, 487–488, 494–495, 495–496, 522–523, 525, 547, 560, 561–562, 573, 574, 596, 628–630, 636, 638, 674, 676, 678, 706, 711, 735, 736
• Hydroairplanes, status as exports, 117
• Igel, Wolf von, arrest and seizure of papers, 95–99
• Insurance difficulties of Bureau of War Risk Insurance, 103–105
• Italy: Attitude of public regarding the war, 258; U. S. Ambassador, correspondence with Secretary of State regarding conditions in Italy and general war situation, 717–762
• Joint State and Navy Neutrality Board, opinion concerning sale of submarines in sections to belligerents, 114–115
• Kirchwey, George W. (president of American Peace Society), efforts for maintenance of U. S.-German peace, 599–604, 609
• League to Enforce Peace, 16–18
• Leval, Maître de. See under Belgium: U. S. Legation.
• Loans to belligerents, development of U. S. policy, 131–150, 175–176
• Lodge, Senator, 111, 221
• Lusitania: Cargo, equipment, and passengers, 385–386, 428–436, 451–452; U. S. attitude and development of policy, 388–404, 405, 406–408; U. S. negotiations with Germany, discussions regarding, 86, 319–320, 339, 341, 417–428, 436–451, 453–465, 469, 471, 484–485, 488–493, 495, 496–497, 498, 502, 508, 512, 513–515, 515–516, 518–535, 570–573
• Lyman M. Law, 756–757
• Mails, censorship by belligerents, U. S. attitude, 176, 308–309, 313–314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 321–326, 329, 515
• Manchester Engineer, 545
• Marina, sunk with Americans aboard, 573, 573–574, 575, 578
• Marshall, Thomas R., 465
• Maverick, 239, 242, 243
• McCormick, Medill, 128, 129
• Mediation. See Peace: U. S. good offices and mediation.
• Merchant vessels. See Armament of merchant ships; Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes; Supplying belligerent warships; Transfer of German-owned merchant vessels.
• Merion, 330
• Mine laying, U. S. attitude, 37–38
• Morgan & Co., J. P., interest in loans to belligerents, 131, 132, 135, 140, 141, 147
• Munitions of war:
  • Sale to belligerents: German Emperor’s attitude, 123–124; U. S. attitude, 113–123, 124–130, 175–176, 183
  • Shipment on passenger vessels, question of, 438, 448–449, 452
• Münsterburg, Hugo (professor at Harvard University), 12, 118, 161–179, 180, 183, 184
• National City Bank of New York, interest in loans to belligerents, 136–137, 140, 141, 148–150
• Naval war zone (see also Submarine warfare), U. S. attitude, 353–365, 373–374, 381–383, 387–388, 390, 595, 621–622
• Neutral ports: Armed merchant ships, U. S. rules and attitude, 157–158, 159, 331; merchant ships supplying belligerent warships, U. S. rules and attitude, 115–116, 158–159, 160–161, 210–212, 213–216, 216–217; prizes, treatment, 222–223; use of U. S. ports by belligerent warships, proposed legislation, 605–607; wireless telegraphy and cables, U. S. policy, 152–157, 170
• Neutral ships and cargoes. See Detention and seizure.
• Neutral states, proposals and discussions regarding cooperation, 182–183, 225–227, 246, 312, 387, 391, 392, 408
• Neutral territory, hostile acts and intrigues, 212–213, 216, 218–221, 223–225, 237–246
• Neutrality. See Neutral ports; Neutral states; Neutral territory; U. S. neutrality.
• Neutralization proposals. See Far East.
• New York Peace Society (Niagara Section), peace proposal, 6, 7–8
• Nicosian, rescue from submarine by Baralong, 39, 674
• Nieman, L. W. (editor of Milwaukee Journal), 195, 217–218
• Nuber, von (Austro-Hungarian consul general at New York), conduct, 83, 84, 85, 87, 87–88, 94, 503–504
• O’Laughlin, J. C., propaganda, 11–12
• Orduna, 472
• Panama, severance of diplomatic relations with Germany, 593, 594, 631–632
• Papen, Capt. Franz von (German military attaché), recall, 83, 84, 86–87, 88, 88–89, 90–93, 672
• Peace:
  • American Peace Society, 599–604, 609
  • Austro-Hungarian proposal, 24–25
  • Comments and observations of U. S. Ambassadors in Europe, 655–657, 666, 667, 670, 671, 672, 681–682, 684, 685, 687, 688, 688–689, 690, 691, 697, 698–699, 705, 706–707, 707, 709, 711, 715–716, 719, 721–722, 742–751, 754, 769–770, 771, 777, 791
  • German proposal, 577
  • League to Enforce Peace, 16–18
  • New York Peace Society (Niagara Section), plan, 6, 7–8
  • Pope Benedict XV, appeal to President Wilson, 15–16
  • President Wilson’s bases of peace, 19–22, 22–23
  • Swiss suggestions, 22, 24, 597–599, 608
  • U. S. good offices and mediation, discussions concerning, 7, 8–15, 182–183, 370–380, 573, 595, 769–770
  • Vatican, reports concerning attitude and efforts, 721–722, 744–745, 750–751, 757, 760–762
• Persia, sunk with Americans aboard, 332, 333, 5 12–513, 515, 703
• Pisa, U. S. policy toward clearance, 213–216
• Poland, 687, 692, 693–694
• Polk, Frank L., appointment as counselor for the Department of State, 129, 474
• Pope Benedict XV, peace appeal to President Wilson, 15–16
• Prisoners of war, 653, 664, 665, 669, 674, 690, 692, 694
• Prizes, treatment in neutral ports, 222–223
• Propaganda, 11–12, 93–94, 118, 167–168, 184, 239–241, 259–260
• Ratcliffe, Samuel K., comments on sentiments of British public toward United States, 291–293
• Recruiting. See Enlistment.
• Reservists, transit across neutral territory, 165, 177
• Rumania, comments of U. S. Ambassadors in Europe, 658–660, 679, 695, 723, 739
• Russia: Comments of U. S. Ambassador in Italy, 723, 725, 728, 744, 747–748, 751–752; U. S. loans and credits, 133–135, 136, 138, 148–150
• Rustem Bey (Turkish Ambassador to United States), departure, 68–75
• Schoen, Baron von (secretary of German Embassy at Washington), conduct, 75–79
• Serbia, comments of U. S. Ambassador in Austria-Hungary, 640, 641–642, 649–651, 652–653, 655, 661
• Stone, Senator, 113, 221–222
• Straus, Oscar, 119
• Submarine warfare (see also Armament of merchant ships):
  • Cases of attacks and sinkings:
    • American ships, 381, 383, 384, 392–393, 395, 405, 422, 441–442, 445–446, 449, 465–466, 469, 486–487, 756–757
    • Belligerent ships with Americans aboard, development of U. S. policy and progress of negotiations, 365–382, 383–387, 388–404, 405, 406, 406–411, 413–416, 417–451, 453–465, 467–473, 474–486, 488–503, 504–535, 537–554, 555, 559–560, 570–573, 573–576, 578
  • Comments and observations of! U. S. Ambassadors in Europe, 665, 672, 673, 674, 675, 677, 678–679, 680, 687, 689, 690, 691, 696, 697, 703–706, 706–707, 755, 757, 777, 791
  • Decoration of German submarine commander, reports concerning, 548–549, 551, 560
  • Modus Vivendi between belligerents, proposed, discussions, 362–365, 412–413, 416
  • Publication of German memorandum of Mar. 8, 1916, in United States, U. S. attitude, 535–537
  • Retaliation, relation to neutral rights, 511–512, 514–515, 515–516, 516–517, 519–520, 523, 528, 532, 554, 557–558
  • Travel of U. S. citizens on belligerent and neutral ships, 345–347, 376, 387–388, 390, 397, 405, 406, 406–407, 412, 437, 438, 448–449, 462–463
  • U-boat activities, reports concerning, 576, 577–579
  • Unrestricted conduct, U. S.-German controversy, 532–533, 538–539, 540–543, 545–546, 546–547, 549, 552–559, 562, 563–565, 567–569, 574, 575, 580–582, 583
• Submarines, sale to belligerents in sections, U. S. policy, 114–115
• Supplying belligerent warships: By merchant ships, U. S. rules and attitude, 115–116, 158–159, 160–161, 210–212, 213–216, 216–217; in neutral ports, U. S. rules and attitude, 158–159, 160–161, 178–179
• Sussex, attacked with Americans aboard, 537–554, 555, 559–560, 565–567, 686–687
• Sweden, neutral conference proposal, 225–227
• Switzerland: Comments of U. S. Ambassador in Italy, 752–753; peace suggestions, 22, 24, 597–599, 608
• Tarnowski, Count Adam (Austro-Hungarian Ambassador designate to United States), 596, 632–634
• Thrasher, L. C. See Falaba.
• Transfer of flag. See Transfer of German-owned merchant vessels.
• Transfer of German-owned merchant vessels to American registry: British attitude, information concerning, 100, 101, 105, 106, 107, 108–109; French attitude, discussion as to, 105, 107, 108, 109; U. S. position, discussions concerning, 101–112
• Transshipment of troops and war material across U. S. territory, 177
• Travel on belligerent ships. See under U. S. citizens.
• Turkey: Ambassador to United States, departure, 68–75; Armenian deportations, 41, 42–43, 763, 765, 768–769, 772, 786; comments of U. S. Ambassadors in Europe, 641, 641–642, 646, 723–724, 725–726; financial and economic conditions, 771–772, 772–773, 785; food shortages, 779–780, 781–782, 786; U. S. Ambassador, reports on conditions in Turkey and general war situation, 762–791
• U–53, submarine operating off American coast, 576, 577–578
• U. S. bankers, interest in loans to belligerents, 131, 132, 135, 136–144, 147, 148–150
• U. S. citizens (see also Enlistment): Arrests in belligerent territory, U. S. policy, 173, 176; travel on belligerent and neutral ships, 345–347, 376, 387–388, 390, 397, 405, 406, 406–407, 412, 437, 438, 448–449, 462–463
• U. S. Congress: Bills and resolutions against export of munitions, 116, 180; House concurrent resolution 48, submitted Sept. 16, 1914, regarding enlistment of U. S. citizens in belligerent forces, 27–28; House resolution 147, memorandum in regard to, 343–347; legislation amending neutrality statutes, discussion, 179–182; resolution regarding use of U. S. ports by belligerent warships, 605–607; shipping bill, discussion concerning, 107, 110, 111–112; U. S.-German relations, views of certain members, 436–437, 439
• U. S. neutrality (see also Neutral ports; Neutral states; Neutral territory), enforcement:
  • Charges of U. S. partiality, 161–165, 187–188; refutation, 166–179, 183, 184, 185–187
  • Comments of U. S. Ambassador in Great Britain, 259–261
  • Legislation, discussion of bills and resolutions, 179–182
  • Rules and regulations, discussions and suggestions as to, 152–159, 160–161
  • Statements of U. S. policy, discussions and suggestions as to, 113, 151–152, 158–159, 166–179, 184–187, 188–195, 227–237
• U. S. ports, use by belligerent warships, U. S. proposed legislation, 605–607
• Visit and search, U. S. attitude, 370–371
• Waimana, British armed merchant ship, 330n, 331
• Walsh, Senator, 111, 112
• War Risk Insurance (Bureau of), 103–105
• Warfare, illegal and inhumane methods, U. S. policy of avoiding all protests against, 29–33, 35–47, 193, 198–210, 569, 570
• Warships, belligerent (see also Supplying belligerent warships), U. S. policy toward hovering in vicinity of U. S. ports, 173
• William P. Frye. American ship destroyed at sea, 465–466, 469–470, 486–487, 513, 514
• Wireless telegraphy, discussion of U. S. policy regarding use, 152–157, 170