Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, With the Annual Message of the President Transmitted to Congress December 3, 1907, (In two parts), Part II

By the President of the United States of America.

A PROCLAMATION.

Whereas a Convention between the United States of America and Nicaragua providing for the mutual extradition of fugitives from justice was concluded and signed by their respective plenipotentiaries at Washington, on the first day of March, one thousand nine hundred and five, the original of which Convention, being in the English and Spanish^a languages, is word for word as follows:

The United States of America and the Republic of Nicaragua, being desirous to confirm their friendly relations and to promote the cause of justice, have resolved to conclude a treaty for the extradition of fugitives from justice between the United States of America and the Republic of Nicaragua, and have appointed for that purpose the following Plenipotentiaries:

The President of the United States of America, John Hay, Secretary of State of the United States; and

The President of Nicaragua, Señor Don Luis F. Corea, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Nicaragua to the United States;

Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles:

Article I.

The Government of the United States and the Government of Nicaragua mutually agree to deliver up persons who, having been charged, as principals or accessories, with or convicted of any of the crimes and offenses specified in the following article committed within the jurisdiction of one of the contracting parties, shall seek an asylum or be found within the territories of the other: Provided, that this shall only be done upon such evidence of criminality as, according to the laws of the place where the fugitive or person so charged shall be found, would justify his or her apprehension and commitment for trial if the crime had been there committed.

Article II.

Persons shall be delivered up, according to the provisions of this convention, who shall have been charged with, or convicted of, any of the following crimes or offenses:

1. Murder, comprehending the crimes known as parricide, assassination, poisoning, and infanticide; assault with intent to commit murder; manslaughter, when voluntary.

2. Mayhem and other wilful mutilation causing disability or death.

3. The malicious and unlawful destruction or attempted destruction of railways, trains, bridges, vehicles, vessels, and other means of travel, or of public edifices and private dwellings., when the act committed shall endanger human life.

4. Rape.

5. Bigamy.

6. Arson.

7. Crimes committed at sea:

(a) Piracy, by statute or by the law of nations.

(b) Wrongfully sinking or destroying a vessel at sea, or attempting to do so.

(c) Revolt, or conspiracy to revolt, by two or more persons on board a ship on the high seas against the authority of the master.

(d) Assaults on board a ship on the high seas with intent to do grievous bodily harm.

8. Burglary, defined to be the act of breaking and entering into the house of another in the nighttime, with intent to commit a felony therein.

9. The act of breaking into and entering public offices, or the offices of banks, banking houses, savings banks, trust companies, or insurance companies, with intent to commit theft therein, and also the thefts resulting from such acts.

10. Robbery, defined to be the felonious and forcible taking from the person of another of goods or money, by violence or by putting the person in fear.

11. Forgery, or the utterance of forged papers.

12. The forgery, or falsification of the official acts of the Government or public authority, including courts of justice, or the utterance or fraudulent use of any of the same.

13. The fabrication of counterfeit money, whether coin or paper, counterfeit titles or coupons of public debt, bank notes, or other instruments of public credit; of counterfeit seals, stamps, dies, and marks of State or public administration, and the utterance, circulation, or fraudulent use of any of the above-mentioned objects.

14. The introduction of instruments for the fabrication of counterfeit coin or bank notes or other paper current as money.

15. Embezzlement or criminal malversation of public funds committed within the jurisdiction of either party by public officers or depositaries, where the amount of money embezzled is not less than two hundred dollars.

16. Embezzlement of funds of a bank of deposit or savings bank, or trust company chartered under Federal or State laws, where the amount of money embezzled is not less than two hundred dollars.

17. Embezzlement by any person or persons hired or salaried to the detriment of their employers, when the crime is subject to punishment by the laws of the place where it was committed, and where the amount of money or the value of the property embezzled is not less than two hundred dollars.

18. Kidnapping of minors or adults, defined to be the abduction or detention of a person or persons in order to exact money from them or their families, or for any unlawful end.

19. Obtaining by threats of injury, or by false devices, money, valuables, or other personal property, and the receiving of the same with the knowledge that they have been so obtained, when such crimes or offenses are punishable by imprisonment or other corporal punishment by the laws of both countries, and the amount of money or the value of the property so obtained is not less than two hundred dollars.

20. Larceny, defined to be the theft of effects, personal property, horses, cattle, or live stock, or money, of the value of twenty-five dollars or more, or receiving stolen property, of that value, knowing it to be stolen.

21. Fraud or breach of trust by a bailee, banker, agent, factor, trustee, or other person acting in a fiduciary capacity, or director or member or officer of any company, when such act is made criminal by the laws of both countries and the amount of money or the value of the property misappropriated is not less than two hundred dollars.

22. Perjury; violation of an affirmation or a promise to state the truth, when required by law; subornation to commit said crimes.

23. Bribery, defined to be the giving, offering or receiving of a reward to influence one in the discharge of a legal duty.

24. Extradition shall also be granted for the attempt to commit any of the crimes and offenses above enumerated, when such attempt is punishable as a felony by the laws of both contracting parties.

Article III.

A person surrendered under this convention shall not be tried or punished in the country to which his extradition has been granted, nor given up to a third power for a crime or offense, not provided for by the present convention and committed previously to his extradition, until he shall have been allowed one month to leave the country after having been discharged; and, if he shall have been tried and condemned to punishment, he shall be allowed one month after having suffered his penalty or having been pardoned. He shall moreover not be tried or punished for any crime or offense provided for by this convention committed previous to his extradition, other than that which gave rise to the extradition, without the consent of the Government which surrendered him, which may, if it think proper, require the production of one of the documents mentioned in Article XI of this convention.

The consent of that Government shall likewise be required for the extradition of the accused to a third country; nevertheless, such consent shall not be necessary when the accused shall have asked of his own accord to be tried or to undergo his punishment, or when he shall not have left within the space of time above specified the territory of the country to which he has been surrendered.

Article IV.

The provisions of this convention shall not be applicable to persons guilty of any political crime or offense or of one connected with such a crime or offense. A person who has been surrendered on account of one of the common crimes or offenses mentioned in Article II shall consequently in no case be prosecuted and punished in the State to which his extradition has been granted on account of a political crime or offense committed by him previously to his extradition, or on account of an art connected with such a political crime or offense, unless he has been at liberty to leave the country for one month after having been tried and, in case of condemnation, for one month after having suffered his punishment or having been pardoned.

Article V.

Neither of the contracting parties shall be bound to deliver up its own citizens under the stipulations of this convention, but the executive authority of each shall have the power to deliver them up, if, in its discretion, it be deemed proper to do so.

Article VI.

If the person whose surrender may be claimed, pursuant to the stipulations of the present convention, shall have been accused or arrested for the commission of any offense in the country where he or she has sought asylum, or shall have been convicted thereof, his or her extradition may be deferred until he or she is entitled to be liberated on account of the offense charged, for any of the following reasons: acquittal; expiration of term of imprisonment; expiration of the period to which the sentence may have been commuted, or pardon.

Article VII.

If a fugitive criminal claimed by one of the parties hereto shall be also claimed by one or more powers, pursuant to treaty provisions on account of crimes or offenses committed within their jurisdiction, such criminal shall be delivered up in preference in accordance with that demand which is the earliest in date, unless the State from which extradition is sought is bound to give preference otherwise.

Article VIII.

Extradition shall not be granted, in pursuance of the provisions of this convention, if legal proceedings or the enforcement of the penalty for the act committed by the person claimed has become barred by limitation, according to the laws of the country to which the requisition is addressed.

Article IX.

On being informed by telegraph or otherwise, through the diplomatic channel, that a warrant has been issued by competent authority for the arrest of a fugitive criminal charged with any of the crimes enumerated in the foregoing articles of this treaty, and on being assured from the same source that a requisition for the surrender of such criminal is about to be made, accompanied by such warrant and duly authenticated depositions or copies thereof in support of the charge, each government shall endeavor to procure the provisional arrest of such criminal and to keep him in safe custody for such time as may be practicable, not exceeding sixty days, to await the production of the documents upon which the claim for extradition is founded.

Article X.

Requisitions for the surrender of fugitives from justice shall be made by the respective diplomatic agents of the contracting parties, or, in the event of the absence of these from the country or its seat of government, they may be made by superior consular officers.

If the person whose extradition may be asked for shall have been convicted of a crime or offense, a copy of the sentence of the court in which he has been convicted, authenticated under its seal, with attestation of the official character of the judge, by the proper executive authority, and of the latter by the minister or consul of the United States or of Nicaragua, respectively, shall accompany the requisition. When, however, the fugitive shall have been merely charged with crime, a duly authenticated copy of the warrant of arrest in the country where the crime has been committed, and of the depositions upon which such warrant has been issued, must accompany the requisition as aforesaid.

Article XI.

The expenses of the arrest, detention, examination and delivery of fugitives under this convention shall be borne by the State in whose name the extradition is sought: Provided, that the demanding government shall not be compelled to bear any expenses for the services of such officers of the government from which extradition is sought as receive a fixed salary; and provided that the charge for the services of such public officials as receive only fees shall not exceed the fees to which such officials are entitled under the laws of the country for services rendered in ordinary criminal proceedings.

Article XII.

All articles found in the possession of the accused party and obtained through the commission of the act with which he is charged, and that may be used as evidence of the crime for which his extradition is demanded, shall be seized if the competent authority shall so order and shall be surrendered with his person.

The rights of third parties to the articles so found shall nevertheless be respected.

Article XIII.

Each of the contracting parties shall exercise due diligence in procuring the extradition and prosecution of its citizens who may be charged with the commission of any of the crimes or offenses mentioned in Article II, exclusively committed in its territory against the government or any of the citizens of the other contracting party, when the person accused may have taken refuge or be found within the territory of the latter, provided the said crime or offense is one that is punishable, as such, in the territory of the demanding country.

Article XIV.

The present convention shall take effect thirty days after the exchange of ratifications, and shall continue to have binding force, for six months after a desire for its termination shall have been expressed in due form by one of the two governments to the other.

It shall be ratified and its ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington as soon as possible.

In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the above articles both in the English and Spanish languages, and have hereunto affixed their seals.

Done, in duplicate, at the City of Washington, this first day of March, one thousand nine hundred and five.

John Hay [seal.]

Luis F. Corea [seal.]

And whereas the said Convention has been duly ratified on both parts, and the ratifications of the two Governments were exchanged in the City of Washington, on the fourteenth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and seven:

Now, therefore, be it known, that I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, have caused the said Convention to be made public, to the end that the same and every article and clause thereof may be observed and fulfilled with good faith by the United States and the citizens thereof.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

[seal.] Done at the City of Washington, this fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and seven, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and thirty-first.

Theodore Roosevelt.

By the President:
Elihu Root,
Secretary of State.

1. Spanish text not printed.