XIII.—Comparative tables, presented by the agent of the United States on the 19th of August, 1872, in compliance with the request of the tribunal.

In accordance with the instructions of the Tribunal, the Agent and Counsel of the United States have caused tables to be prepared, showing the differences which exist between the statements of claims and losses submitted to the Tribunal on the part of the United States, for the estimates based on these statements which have been presented on the part of Great Britain.

The claims presented by the United States are supported by sworn statements presented by those who possess the necessary information, and they exhibit in detail the items which go to form the sum total, and the names of all who have made reclamation, whatever may be the sum which the Tribunal may see fit to award. The claims on the part of private individuals thus computed, verified, and submitted, are supported by all the guarantees of their good faith and their validity, as well for their general amount as for the other facts concerning them which governments are in the habit of requiring, in such cases, from their own citizens. It thus appears that these computations show the entire extent of all private losses which the result of the adjudications of this Tribunal ought to enable the United States to make compensation for.

In certain cases, however, there is reason to believe that more claimants than one appear for the same injury. In such cases the United States have impartially presented the statements of all the claimants, intending, when the proper time should arrive, to endeavor to show, from the evidence, what sum Great Britain should injustice be held to pay, by way of compensation for real losses, without prejudice to conflicting rights. We have done our best to prepare tables by which it seems to us that the Tribunal must be enabled to determine with sufficient accuracy the amount of these double claims, if indeed any such exist.

It is not easy to conform to those instructions of the Tribunal which require the preparation of tables which can be compared with those of Great Britain. While the American statement sets forth details, and furnishes the Tribunal with all the necessary means of making a minute examination, vessel by vessel, and claimant by claimant, the British statement is a generalization based on certain facts which are taken for granted, and which exist, in the opinion of the authors, in the commercial world. It is not therefore possible for us to present comparative views touching the various claimants in detail, or even touching the various vessels destroyed by the cruisers.

The authors of the British statement have classified our claims in so arbitrary a manner that we are forced to confine ourselves to a comparison of the sums total contained in their classified tables. On our side, a knowledge of these sums total is reached by following the evidence, step by step; on theirs by a process of reasoning. The two systems differ so widely that a detailed comparison is impossible. All that remains for us to do is to beg the Tribunal to refer to what has already been said on this subject in the American Argument. (American Argument, note D.)

[Page 580]

We are, therefore, forced to follow the British arrangement in order to compare the sums total, since it is impossible to compare our views in detail or according to any combination differing from that which is followed in their arrangement. We give their classification below:

A.—Claims arising from the capture of whalers or fishing-vessels.

B.—Similar claims arising from vessels carrying cargoes composed of one kind of goods.

C.—Similar claims arising from vessels carrying cargoes composed of various kinds of goods.

D.—Similar claims arising from vessels in ballast.

E and F.—Divers claims which could not properly he placed in any of the above categories.

Before coming to special vessels we desire to call attention to three well-marked points of difference between the two statements.

(a) The United States ask here, as they have already done in their memorial and in their argument, that the Tribunal should grant them interest on the sums which they may determine to regard as the extent of the original injury, as a necessary and indispensable part of the indemnity due to them in consequence of that injury. This interest ought to be at the ordinary rate which prevails in the United States, where the damages were suffered and where the losses are to be indemnified. The interest should be computed from the time when the losses occurred up to the time fixed by the Tribunal for the payment.

(b) In the American statement, especially in the claims arising from the destruction of whaling vessels, expected, profits, or “the prospective catch,” is included in the computation of damages. (See American Argument, note D.)

(c) According to the arbitrary assumption of the British statement, that the freight claimed by the United States in the name of their merchant navy constitutes “gross freight,” this statement rejects all claims for freight, while, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, we assume that these claims are for “net freight.”

These three classes form in the sum total a great part of the differences which exist between the two statements.

In accordance with the suggestions of some of the Arbitrators we have eliminated from the tables the claims submitted in favor of whaling vessels for the “prospective catch,” the amount of which would be $4,009,302.50; but we by no means intend to withdraw these claims, or to intimate that we do not consider them just. On this subject we refer the Arbitrators to the note alluded to at the close of the American Argument. Should the Tribunal share our views, the claims for injuries suffered by these vessels should be proportionately diminished. In case it should not share our views, we should ask it to grant us, as an equivalent, interest at the rate of 25 per cent. on the value of the vessel and equipments.

We have been obliged to trust to arbitrary estimates in regard to two subjects, because there is no sworn evidence in relation to them; viz:

(A.) The pay of the officers and crews of the captured vessels.

(B.) The value of their personal effects.

We have every reason to believe that the sums total which we submit to the Tribunal are for the most part correct in substance.

(A.) We calculate for each vessel of class A, whose burden did not exceed 300 tons, one captain at $150 per month; one first officer at $100 per month; one second officer at $75 per month; one third officer at $60 per month; one fourth officer at $50 per month; four helmsmen at $40 each per month; four helmsmen at $30 each per month; and fourteen [Page 581] men at $20 each per month; and we calculate one additional man at $20 per month for every fifteen tons in excess of 300 tons.

In the statements relative to the vessels designated under letter A, there is, in the annexed tables, a calculation of wages which exceeds the correct sum of $120 per month for each vessel. The error is corrected at the end of the respective columns of each table, and the sum total is finally stated correctly. The error was not discovered in season to correct it in the detailed statements, without again subjecting the Tribunal to the inconvenience of a delay.

For each vessel of classes B, C, D, E, and F, whose burden did not exceed 300 tons, we calculate one captain at $150 per month; one first officer at $100 per month; one second officer at $75 per month; and ten men at $20 each per month. For every additional 30 tons we calculate an additional man at $20 per month.

The wages are calculated, except in certain specified cases, from the commencement of the voyage up to the time of the capture, and when the capture took place in the Atlantic Ocean, or when the capture of a vessel whose owner resided on the Pacific coast took place in the Pacific Ocean, they are calculated for six months additional; for nine months additional when the owner resided on the Atlantic coast, and the capture took place in the Pacific Ocean. This additional sum is to pay the expenses of the return after the capture, and of the time passed on the way.

(B.) In some cases the officers or men have presented claims for the value of their personal effects. We have submitted no claim for such persons in the general table under the name of each vessel. When no special claim is presented we submit a general claim, according to the following estimate, viz, for each captain $1,000; for each first officer, $750; for each second officer, $500; for each third and each fourth officer, $250; and for each helmsman and each seaman $100; we consider these estimates moderate.

It remains for us to explain the annexed tables. The detailed tables contain six columns, numbered respectively 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Column 1 contains the items which form the sum total of the claims under the name of each vessel captured. We give the name of each vessel captured, its burden and the claims which were presented in its behalf on the 15th of April. We add a statement of the sums which must be subtracted from the sum total, and of those which must be added to it, according to the rules which we have established. Column 2 shows the said sum total, without the “prospective catch,” the “expected profits,” or the “breaking up of the voyage.” It embraces the sums which are detailed in columns 3, 4, and 5. Column 3 shows the claims for insurance which are undoubtedly not double claims. Column 4 shows certain claims for insurance, in regard to which the evidence is silent. It is possible that some of these should be deducted from the sum total of column 2; this can only be determined by an examination of the facts in each case. Column 5 shows still other claims for insurance, according to which the owners of the property insured claim, at the same time, full indemnity for their losses, without regard to the insurance embraced in this column. It is for the tribunal to decide whether these claims should or should not be deducted from column 2. Column 6 contains remarks.

The decisions rendered by the tribunal, in relation to the Georgia, Sumter, Chickamauga, Tallahassee, Retribution, &c., have necessitated a modification of the certificates of the Navy Department of the United States, touching the national claims, which certificates were produced [Page 582] according to the provisions of the protocol accompanying the treaty of Washington. (American Memorial, French text, page 3.)

In the annexed tables this modification has been made by deducting from the sum total, submitted December 15, 1871, the expenses caused by the acts of vessels for the acts of which the Tribunal has decided that it could not hold Great Britain responsible.

The summing up shows the sum total of the claims now submitted on the part of the United States, including the “prospective catch,” and the sums total embraced in the classified British estimates submitted in the Counter Memorial and in the Argument of Great Britain.

[Page 583]

Class A.—FLORIDA.

[Page 584][Page 585][Page 586][Page 587][Page 588][Page 589][Page 590]
Detailed statement. Total amount of claims presented April 15, 1872. Total amount of claims, including wages and personal property of crew. Claims for insurance, the amount of which are expressly stated in the claims, and which are to be added to the loss of the owners, including cases in which the owners present no claim for insurance. Claims for insurance to be submitted to the decision of the Tribunal as to whether they are to be considered as being comprised in the claims of the owners. Claims for insurance in which the owners protest against any reduction of their claim on account of insurance. Remarks.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Page 175.—Golconda—330 65-95 tons $162,080 92 In this case, since the vessel was captured near the coast of the United States, at a time when its voyage was nearly ended, wages have been computed for three months only.
We add the wages of 29 men for 3 months $3,465
Personal property not included in the claim 3,650
7,115 00
$169,195 92 $57,010 00 $6,385 00 $10,000 00
Page 195—Rienzi—(tonnage not stated) 8,487 00 In this case, since the vessel was captured near the coast of the United States, at a time when it had not finished its voyage, wages have been computed for four months only. No insurance.
This vessel is represented by only six-eighths of the parties interested; we therefore add two-eighths to complete the claim. 2,829 00
We add the wages of 27 men for 4 months 4,460
Personal property 4,950
9,410 00
20,726 00
Page 207.—Ada 5,300 00
We add for personal property 1,000
1,000 00
6,300 00
Page 208.—Elizabeth Ann—91 tons 8,100 00
We deduct loss arising from breaking up of voyage 1,400 00
6,700 00
We add wages of 7 men for 3 months 950
Personal property 1,000
1,950 00
8,650 00
Page 210.—Marengo—82 tons 7,296 00
We deduct loss arising from breaking up of voyage 1,500 00
5,796 00
We add wages of 7 men for 3 months 950
Personal property 1,000
1,950 00
7,776 00
Page 210.—Rufus Choate—90 tons $8,325 00
We deduct loss caused by breaking up of voyage 1,500 00
6,825 00
We add wages of 7 men for 3 months $950
Personal property 1,000
1,950 00
$8,775 00
Page 212.—Wanderer—94 tons 7,839 00
We deduct loss caused by breaking up of voyage 1,400 00
6,439 00
We add wages of 7 men for 3 months 950
Personal property 1,000
1,950 00
8,389 00
229,781 92 $57,010 00 $6,385 00 $10,000 00
Class B.―FLORIDA.
Page 126.—Anglo-Saxon—868 tons $42,710 79
The claim of the owners for this vessel is represented by only one-half of the parties interested; we therefore add one-half for E. Mott Robinson in order to complete the claim. 9,500 00
We add wages of 32 men for 7 months $6,335
Personal property 5,150
11,485 00
$63,695 79 $24,500 00
Page 127.—Avon—946 tons 171,401 40 No estimate is made of the value of the personal property or of the pay of the captain; likewise none of the value of the personal property of the first officer.
We add wages of 35 men for 10 months, pay of captain not included 8,750
Personal property not included in the claim 3,700
12,450 00
183,851 40 72,000 00
Page 129.—B. f. Hoxie—1,387 tons 98,000 00 No insurance. No estimate is made of the value of the personal property of the captain or of his pay.
We add wages of 49 men for 9 months, pay of captain not included 10,305
Personal property of 49 men 6,850
17,155 00
115,155 00
Page 177.—Greenland–549 85-95 tons 16,725 00 No estimate is made of the value of the personal property of the captain or of his pay.
We add the amount of insurance paid by the United States Government. 23,500 00
We add wages of 21 men for 7 months, not including captain’s pay 3,895
Personal property not included in the claim 3,050
6,945 00
47,170 00 25,100 00
Page 195.—Southern Cross—938 48-95 tons 65,450 00
We add wages of 34 men for 9 months 8,505
Personal property 5,350
13,855 00
79,305 00 65,450 00
Page 204.—William C. Clark—338 tons 22,391 00
We add wages of 14 men for 7 months 3,815
Personal property 3,350
7,165 00 29,556 91 5,000 00
Claim for depredations by the Clarence, a tender to the Florida.
Page 205.—Mary Alvina—260 tons 14,520 00 No insurance. No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal property.
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 3,675
Personal property 2,250
5,925 00 20,445 00
539,179 10 192,050 00
Class C.―FLORIDA.
Page 125.—Aldebaran—189 41-95 tons $25,032 91 Observe that there is only one claim for the cargo, $47,606; but since the vessel contained a general cargo we must expect other claims. No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months $3,675
Personal property not included in the claim 2,250
5,925 00
$30,957 91
Page 130.—Clarence—253 12-95 tons $20,252 50 The owners of this vessel have not yet presented their claim. No estimate of the value of the captain’s personal effects is made.
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months $3,675
Personal property not included in the claim 2,250
5,925 00
$26,177 50 $19,400 00
Page 130. Commonwealth 1,275 6-95 tons 454,603 58 Observe the claim for commission, $204,470. No estimate is made of the value of the personal effects of a seaman.
We add wages of 46 men for 8 months 9,480
Personal property not included in the claim 6,450
15,930 00
470,533 58 190,938 00
Page 148.—Crown Point—1,098 82-95 tons 423,903 00 No estimate is made of the value of the personal effects of the 1st and 3d officers, or of the amount of their pay.
We add wages of 40 men for 8 months 7,470
Personal property not included in the claim 4,700
12,170 000
436,073 00 248,354 19
Page 162.—Electric Spark—810 tons 457,361 83 The Tribunal will decide with regard to the article of $40,000 for insurance, whether the claim is not made twice for the same article.
We add wages of 30 men for 7 months 6,055
Personal property 4,950
11,005 00
468,306 83 104,795 00
Page 179.—Henrietta—437 67-95 tons 65,806 94 No estimate is made of the value of the personal effects of the captain.
We add wages of 18 men for 8 months 5,000
Personal property not included in the claim 2,750
7,750 00
73,556 94 20,000 00
Page 180.—Jacob Bell—1,381 56-95 403,686 40 No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal property.
We add wages of 49 men for 10 months 12,450
Personal property not included in the claim 5,850
18,300 00
421,986 40 270,978 00
Page 184.—Lapwing—590 tons 75,000 000
We add wages of 22 men for 7 months 4,935
Personal property not included in the claim 4,150
9,085 00
84,085 00 75,000 00
Page 185.—M. J. Colcord—374 tons 100,491 21 Observe a claim for $32,933.09, for expected profits.
We add wages of 15 men for 7 months 3,955
Personal property 3,450
7,405 00
107,896 21 33,500 00 $500 00
Pace 192.—Bed Gauntlet—1.038 tons 139,800 94 No estimate is made of the value of the personal property or of the amount of the pay of the captain and first officer after the capture of the vessel.
We deduct loss caused by breaking up of voyage 25,000 00
114,800 94
We add wages of 38 men for 7 months 5,675
Personal property not included in the claim 4,000
9,675 000
124,475 94 78,680 00
Page 197.—Star of Peace—941 30-95 tons 519,273 65 The Tribunal will decide whether the claim for $33,815, as insurance, is not made twice for the same article. No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal property.
We add wages for 34 men for 9 months 8,505
Personal property not included in the claim 41,350
12,855 00
532,128 65 350,387 93 48,000 00
Page 202.—William B. Nash—299 tons 61,799 94 The Tribunal will decide whether, in an amount of $10,000, the claim for insurance has been made twice.
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 3,675
Personal property 3,250
6,925 00
68,724 94 60,349 75
Page 188.—Oneida—(tonnage not stated) 467,126 12 Observe the claim for $17,017 re-insurance. No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal property or of the amount of his pay.
We deduct the insurance premium 1,802 00
465,324 12
We add wages of 13 men for 9 months, exclusive of captain’s pay 4,275
Personal property not included in the claim 2,250
6,525 00
471,849 12 329,276 46 41,770 46
Page 204.—Windward—199 43-100 tons 16,673 00 No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal property.
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 3,675
Personal property not included in the claim 2,250
5,925 00
22,598 00 3,953 00
3,339,410 02 1,785,612 33 90,270 46
Class D.—FLORIDA.
Page 171.—Estelle—298 62-95 tons $18,000 00
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months $3,675
Personal property not included in the claim 3,250
6,925 00
$24,925 00 $4,000 00
Page 205.—Zelinda—559 47-95 tons 36,000 00
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 3,675
Personal property not included in the claim 3,250
6,925 00
42,925 00
Page 211.—Umpire—293 tons 29,605 00 The value of the captain’s personal property is not estimated.
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 3,675
Personal property not included in the claim 2,250
5,925 00
35,530 00 21,155 00
Page 187.—Mondamin—390 24-95 tons 28,904 17 No estimate is made for personal property of captain. Observe that $4,870.83 has been received as insurance, for which no insurance company makes a claim.
We add wages of 16 men for 7 months 4,095
Personal property not included in the claim 2,550
6,645 00
35,549 17 10,000 00
138,929 00 35,155 00
Class E and F.–Florida.
Page 147.—Corris Ann—568 tons $25,000 00
We add for an error in the addition 400 00
Wages of 20 men for 7 months $4,935
Personal property 4,150
9,085 00
$34,485 00 $5,400 00
Page 172.—General Berry 33,843 48 No estimate has been made of the value of the personal property of either the captain or first officer.
We add wages of 13 men for 3 months only 1,575
Personal property not included in the claim 1,500
3,075 00
35,918 48
Page 173.—George Latimer—198 tons 39,716 99 No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal property.
We add one-quarter to the value, three-quarters only being claimed 4,189 34
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 3,675 00
Personal property not included in the claim 2,250 00
10,114 34
49,831 33 $32,600 00
Page 178.—Harriet Stevens 45,000 00
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 3,675
Personal property 3,250
6,925 00
51,925 00 9,500 00 1,000 00
Page 208.—Byzantium—1,048 3-95 tons 53,335 51
We add wages of 25 men for 7 month 5,455
Personal property 4,450
9,905 00
63,240 51
Page 209.—Good Speed 36,293 30
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 3,675
We add personal property 3,250
6,925 00
43,218 30
278,618 62 42,100 00 6,400 00
Class G.—FLORIDA.
Page 185.—M. Y. Davis $17,004 00
We add wages of 10 men for 4 months $800
Personal property not included in the claim 800
1,600 00
$18,604 00
Page 206.—Tacony—295 92-95 tons 39,622 00
We add wages of 13 men for 4 months 2,100
We add personal property 3,250
5,350 00
44,972 00
Page 345.—Whistling Wind 12,594 10 In the present case no estimate has been made either of the value of the personal property or of the amount of the pay of the captain.
12,594 10
Page 207.—Archer—62 26-100 tons $4,300 00 In the present case no estimate has been made either of the value of the personal property or of the amount of the pay of the captain.
$4,300 00
Page 210.—Ripple—64 tons 8,805 00
We add wages of 7 men for 3 months $950
We add personal property 1,000
1,950 00
10,755 00
91,225 10

Note.—Class G contains, for several vessels, claims which were not presented in the first list of claims, and which were therefore not included in the English classification, hut which were among classes A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, in the classification appended to the English argument.

[Page 591]

Class A.—Alabama.

[Page 592][Page 593][Page 594]
Detailed statement. Total amount of claims, including those of owners and insurers, but not including those for profits purely prospective and losses arising from the breaking up of voyages. Claims for insurance, the amounts of which are expressly stated in the claim, and which must be added to the loss of the owners, including cases in which the owners make no claim for insurance. Claims for insurance, concerning which the Tribunal will decide whether they are to be considered as included in the claims of the owners. Claims for insurance, in which the owners protest against any reduction of their claim on account of insurance. Remarks.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Page 5.—Alert—398 18-95 tons $202,726 41
We deduct loss caused by breaking up of voyage $30,000 00
Loss caused by failure to earn prospective profits 144,867 50
174,867 50
27,858 91
We add wages of 34 men for 9 months 11,295 00
We add wages for personal property 5,650 00
16,945 00
$44,803 91 $13,300 00
Page 6.—Altamaha—119 37-95 tons 32,755 60 No insurance.
We deduct loss of prospective profits 19,940 00
12,815 60
We add wages of 27 men for 10 months 11,150 00
Effects not included in the claim 3,200 00
14,350 00
27,165 60
Page 25.—Benjamin Tucker—348 68-95 tons 179,835 06
We deduct prospective profits 100,800 00
79,035 06
Claims are presented for only 26-32 of the value of this vessel; we therefore add 6-26 of $70,200, in order to complete the claim 16,200 00
95,235 06
We add wages of 30 men for 25 months 29,375 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,000 00
32,375 00
127,610 06 $7,000 00
Page 30.—Courser—121 tons $33,307 53 No insurance. The Tribunal will decide concerning the item of $19,845, for loss of cargo and damages.
We deduct for error in the addition 1,000 00
32,307 53
We add wages of 27 men for 13 months $14,495 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,950 50
18,445 00
$50,752 53
Page 35.—Elisha Dunbar—257 10-95 tons 150,894 65
We deduct loss caused by breaking up of voyage 88,200 00
62,964 65
We add wages of 27 men for 7 months 7,805 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,700 00
11,505 00
74,199 65 $21,375 00
Page 51. Kate Cory—132 6-95 tons 56,474 00
We deduct loss of prospective profits 19,293 75
37,180 25
We add wages of 27 men for 12 months 13,380 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,200 00
16,580 00
53,760 25 8,212 00
Page 53. Kingfisher—120 8-95 tons 31,952 17
We deduct prospective profits 12,600 00
We add wages of 27 men for 26 months 28,990 00 19,352 17
Personal effects of 27 men for 26 months 4,950 00
33,940 00
53,292 17 5,024 17
Pago 55.—Lafayette II—tonnage not stated 141,855 48
We deduct loss of prospective profits 49,896 00
Claim of William Lewis, presented twice 2,867 48
52,763 48
89,092 00
We add wages of 27 men for 17 months 18,955 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,700 00
22,655 00
111,747 00 20,025 00
Page 59.—Levi Starbuck—376 3-95 tons 269,522 50 The Tribunal will decide concerning the following items: $75,000, cargo, $9,000, Getchell’s claim; $7,000, Doud’s claim. The insurance is probably not included in the claim of the owners.
We deduct loss caused by breaking up of voyage 114,312 50
155,210 00
We add wages of 32 men for 7 months 8,505 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,700 00
13,205 00
168,415 00 23,350 00
Page 65.—Nye—211 tons 106,959 25
We deduct loss caused by breaking up of voyage 18,900 00
88,059 25
We add wages of 27 men for 15 months 16,725 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,200 00
19,925 00
107,974 25 24,852 00
Page 68.—Ocean Hover—313 32-95 tons 193,866 03 The arbitrators may decide whether there is a double claim for re-insurance amounting to $1,605.
We deduct prospective profits 37,800 00
We deduct for error in the addition, (insurance) 24,710 00
62,510 00
131,356 03
We add wages of 28 men for 9 months 10,215 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,700 00
13,915 00
145,271 03 30,315 00
Page 70.—Ocmulgee—459 tons 419,985 00 The Tribunal will decide concerning the item of $135,000, loss on merchandise.
We deduct loss of prospective profits 165,510 00
254,475 00
We add wages of 38 men for 8 months 10,680 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,350 00
15,030 00
269,505 00
Page 115.—Virginia—346 34-95 tons $167,500 00
We deduct loss of prospective profits 103,950 00
63,550 00
We add wages of 30 men for 7 months $8,225 00
Personal effects 5,250 00
13,475 00
$77,025 00 $13,550 00
Page 117.—Weather Gage—106 72-95 tons 30,445 54 No insurance.
We deduct loss caused by breaking up of voyage 18,900 00
We deduct claim of Atkins 800 00
19,700 00
10,745 54
We add wages of 27 men for 8 months 8,920 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,850 00
12,770 00
23,515 54
1,335,046 99
After the deduction of $20,760, which was added by mistake as wages, the total amount of claims is 20,760 00
1,314,286 99 $13,300 00 $140,153 17 13,350 00
[Page 595]

Class B.—Alabama.

[Page 596][Page 597][Page 598][Page 599][Page 600][Page 601]
Detailed statement. Total amount of claims, including wages and personal effects of crew. Claims for insurance, the amounts of which are expressly stated in the claim, and which must be added to the loss of the owners, including cases in which the owners make no claim. Claims for insurance to be submitted to the Tribunal, which will decide whether they are to be considered as included in the claims of the owners or not. Claims for insurance, in which the owners protest against any reduction of their claims on account of insurance. Remarks.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Page 26.—Brilliant—839 21-95 tons $125,212 83 No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages for 31 men for 7 months $6,195 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,050 00
10,245 00
$135,457 83 $1,975 00 $27,245 00
Page 27.—Charles Hill—699 tons 46,634 93 No insurance. No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages of 26 men for 8 months 6,280 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,550 00
9,830 00
56,464 93
Page 28.—Conrad—347 89-95 tons 94,241 00 Observe the claim of the Columbian Insurance Company for re-insurance, $17.
We add wages of 15 men for 9 months 3,955 00
Personal effects 3,450 00
7,405 00
101,646 00 47,205 00 6,570 00
Page 31.—Crenshaw—278 60-95 tons 27,474 49 No insurance.
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 3,675 00
Personal effects 3,250 00
6,925 00
34,399 49
Page 38.—Express—1,072 tons 88,870 00 No estimate is made of the value of personal effects belonging to first officer or of the amount or his pay.
We add wages of 39 men for 10 months, not including pay of first officer for 6 months 9,850 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 5,100 00
14,950 00
103,820 00
Page 40.—Golden Eagle—1,120 82-95 tons 114,687 50 No insurance. No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages of 40 men for 9 months 9,585 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,950 00
14,535 00
129,222 50
Page 47.—Jabez Snow—1,073 32-95 tons $146,208 00 No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal effects or of the amount of his pay.
We deduct loss of charter, partly agreed upon and entered into 54,000 00
92,208 00
We add wages of 39 men for 8 months, exclusive of the half of 6 months’ pay allowed the captain $7,460 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,850 00
12,310 00
$104,518 00 $6,200 00
Page 49.—John A. Parks—1,046 48-95 tons 126,800 50 No estimate is made of the value of the personal effects or of the amount of pay of the first officer and 3 seamen.
We add wages of 38 men for 7 mouths, not including the half of 6 months’ pay allowed the first officer and 3 seamen 6,215 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,700 00
10,915 00
137,715 50 $58,201 00
Page 54.—Lafayette—945 tons 121,795 10 No insurance. No estimate is made of the value of the personal effects of the captain and first officer.
We add wages of 35 men for 7 months 6,755 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,700 00
10,455 00
132,250 10
Page 57.—Lamplighter—365 tons 27,950 00 No estimate is made of the value of the personal effects of John Payne, (second officer?)
We add wages of 15 men for 7 months 3,955 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,950 00
6,905 00
34,855 00 8,000 00 450 00
Page 61.—Louisa Hatch—853 67-95 tons 85,350 00 No insurance. No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages of 31 men for 7 months 6,195 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,050 00
10,245 00
95,625 00
Page 73.—Palmetto—172 tons 22,833 33 No estimate is made of the amount of pay or of the value of the personal effects of the captain.
We add wages for 13 men for 7 months, exclusive of the 6 months’ pay allowed the captain 2,775 00
Personal effects 2,250 00
5,025 00
27,858 33 12,400 00
Page 74.—Rockingham—970 tons 235,455 55 Observe the captain’s claim for his share of commission on the cargo. No claim is made for the insurance on the captain’s personal effects, $3,500. No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal effects or of the amount of his pay.
We deduct the claim of the owners for insurance in the Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company, since this is included in the claim itself 50,000 00
185,455 55
We also deduct insurance premium 7,031 50
178,424 05
We add wages of 36 men for 8 months, not including pay of captain 6,980 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,550 00
11,530 00
189,954 05
Page 88.—S. Gildorsleove—847 55-95 tons 35,000 00
We add wages of 31 men for 9 months 7,965 00
Personal effects 5,050 00
13,015 00
48,015 00 35,000 00
Page 116.—Wave Crest—408 83-95 tons 59,264 10 No estimate is made of the value of the personal effects of the captain and steward or of the amount of their pay.
We add wages of 17 men for 7 months, not including pay of captain and steward 3,215 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,150 00
5,365 00
64,629 10
1,396,430 83 259,081 00 79,465 00
Class C.—Alabama.
Page 7.—Amanda—598 3-95 tons $69,853 01 No estimate is made for the personal effects of the captain and first officer nor for the captain’s pay.
We add wages of 23 men for 11 months $6,325 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,500 00
8,825 00
$78,678 01 $2,500 00
Page 8.—Amazonian—480 tons $136,702 82 No estimate is made of the value of the personal effects of the captain or of the mate. Charter-party.
We add wages of 19 men for 8 months $5,160 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 1,750 00
6,910 00
$143,612 82 $50,883 00 $36,544 00
Page 13.—Anna F. Schmidt—784 tons 294,654 49 Observe the claim of $20,000 for reinsurance. No estimate is made of the value of the personal effects of the captain or mate.
We add wages of 29 men for 12 months 10,140 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,750 00
13,890 00
308,544 49 211,463 00
Page 29.—Contest—1,098 tons 142,865 97 No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages of 40 men for 10 months 10,650 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,950 00
15,600 00
158,465 97 100,000 00
Pago 32.—Dorcas Prince—700 tons 59,814 60 No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages of 26 men for 8 months 6,280 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,550 00
9,830 00
69,644 60 55,026 00
Page 34.—Dunkirk—293 38-95 tons 51,285 56 No estimate is made for the personal effects of the captain and first officer nor of the captain’s pay.
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 2,625 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 1,500 00
4,125 00
55,410 56 21,250 00 $8,000 00
Page 41.—Golden Rule—254 70-95 tons 91,015 70 No estimate is made for the personal effects of the captain and mate.
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 3,675 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,150 00
5,825 00
96,840 70 34,794 00
Page 58.—Lauretta—284 tons 30,339 64
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 3,675 00
Personal effects 3,250 00
6,925 00
37,264 64 12,200 00
Page 63.—Martaban—707 92-100 tons 57,962 75 No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages of 27 men for 10 months 8,050 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,650 00
11,700 00
69,662 75
Pago 71.—Olivo Jane—359 90-95 tons 92,028 66 No estimate is made for the pay and personal effects of the captain.
We add wages of 15 men for 7 months 2,905 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,450 00
5,335 00
97,383 66 10,261 66
Page 73.—Parker Cook—136 tons 26,064 56 No estimate is made for the captain’s pay after the capture of the vessel.
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months 2,775 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,250 00
5,025 00
31,089 56 25,399 00
Page 76.—Sea Bride—447 2-95 tons 146,594 12 No estimate is made for the captain’s personal effects nor for his pay after the capture of the vessel.
We add wages of 18 men for 12 months 6,600 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,750 00
9,350 00
155,944 12 20,000 00 37,000 00
Page 91.—Talisman—1,237 tons 233,355 00 No estimate is made for the personal effects and pay of the second officer.
We add wages 44 men for 8 months 8,560 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 5,850 00
14,410 00
247,765 00 115,500 00 20,000 00 16,000 00
Pago 78.—Sea Lark—973 tons 366,055 14 No estimate is made for the captain’s personal effects.
We deduct for error in adding 54,500 00
311,555 14
We add wages for 35 men for 8 months 7,720 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,450 00
12,170 00
323,725 14 120,899 00 21,000 00
Page 95.—Thomas B. Wales—599 59-95 tons 230,786 24 No estimate is made for the personal effects of the captain and first officer.
We add wages of 23 men for 11 months 7,975 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,500 00
10,475 00
241,261 24 168,370 84 5,000 00
Page 99.—Tycoon—717 46-95 tons 447,399 38 Observe the claim for $346,499 as commission, and that of William H. Battelle for $10,000, on account of losses, imprisonment, &c. No estimate is made for the personal effects of the captain nor for his pay after the capture of the vessel.
We add wages of 27 men for 8 months 5,540 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,650 00
9,190 00
456,589,38 189,469 00 16,755 00
Page 110.—Union Jack—482 81-95 tons $172,234 63 No estimate is made for the personal effects and pay of the captain.
We add wages of 19 men for 8 months $3,960 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,850 00
6,810 00
$179,044 63 $53,763 00 $10,000 00 $8,000 00
Page 118.—Winged Racer—1,767 44-95 tons 365,767 91 No estimate is made for the personal effects of the captain and officers nor for the captain’s pay.
We add wages of 62 men for 10 months 13,700 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 6,400 00
20,100 00
385,867 91 21,000 00
Page 62.—Manchester—1,062 tons 161,155 92 No estimate is made for the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages of 38 men for 7 months 7,175 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,750 00
11,925 00
173,080 92 62,500 00
3,309,876 10 1,234,278 50 150,299 00 69,000 00
Class D.—Alabama.
Pago 28.—Chastelaine—293 tons $11,670 55 No estimate is made for the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages of 13 men for 7 months $3,675 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,250 00
5,925 00
$17,595 55 $11,670 55
Page 37.—Emma Jane—1,096 42-95 tons 86,557 34 In this case no estimate has keen made of the pay of the officers or crew. Observe the claim (which may be double) for $1,452, for the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages of 40 men for 10 months
Personal effects not included in the claim
86,557 34 29,000 00
Page 46.—Highlander—1,049 56-95 tons 191,171 00 No estimate is made for the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages of 38 men for 10 months 10,250 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,750 00
15,000 00
206,171 00 $36,000 00
Page 89.—Sonora—707 63-95 tons 94,514 44 No estimate is made for the personal effects of the captain and first officer nor for their pay after the capture of the vessel.
We add for wages of 27 men for 10 months 5,550 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,900 00
8,450 00
102,964 44 30,000 00
413,218 33 70,670 55 36,000 00
Class E and F.—Alabama.
Page 24.—Ariel—steamer $10,423 38 After goods had been taken from this vessel it was released, on a written promise of the payment of a ransom.
$10,423 38 $8,500 00
Page 51.—Justina 7,000 00 This claim is for capture and breaking up of voyage.
7,000 00
Page 64.—Morning Star 5,614 40 For damage resulting from bond given after capture of Morning Star.
5,614 40
Page. 65.—Nora 83,500 00 No estimate is made for the personal effects or pay of the captain.
We add for wages of 12 men for 7 months $2,275 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,250 00
4,525 00
88,025 00 $20,000 00
Page 90.—Star Light 6,520 00 No estimate is made of the value of the captain’s personal effects nor of the amount of the pay of more than five men besides the officers.
We add for wages of 8 men for 7 months 2,975 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 1,750 00
4,725 00
11,245 00
Page 24.—Baron de Castine 1,500 00 This vessel was bonded and used as a cartel-ship.
1,500 00
123,807 78 8,500 00 20,000 00
[Page 602]

Class A.—Shenandoah.

[Page 603][Page 604][Page 605][Page 606][Page 607][Page 608][Page 609]
Detailed statement. Total amount of claims, including those of owners and insurers, but not including those for profits purely prospective and losses caused by breaking up of voyages. Claims for insurance whose amounts are expressly stated in the claim, and which must be added to the loss of the owners, including cases in which the owners make no claim for insurance. Claims for insurance in regard to which the Tribunal will decide whether they are to be considered as included in the claims of the owners or not. Claims for insurance in which the owners protest against any reduction of their claim on account of insurance. Remarks.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Page 225.—Abigail—309 75-95 tons $254,695 99 No insurance.
We deduct loss resulting from breaking up of voyage 169,849 20
84,846 79
We add wages of 28 men for 11 months $12,485 00
Personal effects 3,200 00
15,685 00
$100,531 79
Page 227.—Brunswick—295 5-95 tons 126,284 50
Wo deduct loss of prospective profits 38,625 00
87,659 50
We add wages of 27 men for 11 months 12,265 00
Personal effects 3,950 00
16,215 00
103,874 50 $24,200 00
Page 229.—Catharine—384 42-95 tons 272,108 32 Observe the claim of James J. O’Donnell for $3,800 on account of loss of personal effects, interest in cargo, and prospective catch.
We deduct loss of prospective profits 104,553 91
Do 49,201 87
Do 43,051 64
196,807 42
75,300 90
We add wages of 33 men for 12 months 14,820 00
Personal effects 3,550 00
18,370 00
93,670 90 $31 676 00
Page 232.—Congress—376 tons 184,902 00
We deduct, loss of prospective profits 53,075 00
131,827 00
We add wages of 32 men for 34 months 41,310 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,450 00
45,760 00
177,587 00 $41,000 00
Page 233.—Covington—350 25-95 tons 127,964 40
We deduct loss of prospective profits 61,506 90
66,457 50
We add wages of 30 men for 17 months, deducting those of captain and one seaman.. 18,445 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,900 00
22,345 00
88 802 50 15 000 00
Pago 237.—Edward—274 14-95 tons 209,681 00
We deduct loss for breaking up of voyage 151,100 00
58,581 00
We add wages of 27 men for 13 months 14,495 00
Personal effects 4,950 00
19,445 00
78,026 00 19,875 00
Pago 238.—Edward Carey—353 27-95 tons 121,382 70 No insurance. Observe the captain’s claim for $10,000 on account of damages.
We deduct loss of prospective profits 66,600 00
54,782 70
We add wages of 31 men for 12 months, not including one-half of Captain Baker’s pay 13,665 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,600 00
17,265 00
72,047 70
Page 238.—Euphrates—364 40-95 tons 181,651 50 Observe the captain’s claim for loss on cargo.
We deduct loss caused by breaking up of voyage 100,875 00
80,776 50
We add wages of 31 men for 11 months, not including one-half of captain’s pay 12,470 00
Personal effects 3,600 00
16,070 00
96,846 50 9,750 00
Page 240.—Favorite—tonnage not stated 240,978 44 Observe the captain’s claim for $2,709.04 for loss of his share of oil, and that of Brian, 3d officer, for his interest in prospective catch.
We deduct loss caused by breaking up of voyage 87,250 00
153,728 44
We add wages of 27 men for 11 months 12,265 00
Personal effects 3,700 00
15,965 00
169,693 44 50,000 00
Page 241.—General Williams—419 33-95 tons $406,934 75
We deduct loss of prospective profits $196,807 50
Do 20,000 00
Do 10,000 00
226,807 50
180,127 25
We deduct for error in adding 89,346 40
90,780 85
We add wages of 35 men for 15 months 19,125 00
Personal effects 4,000 00
23,125 00
$113 905 85 $44,673 20 $4,188 80
Page 243.—Gipsey—360 8-95 tons 152,772 75
We deduct loss of prospective profits 49,075 00
We deduct insurance, because the owners only claim the loss sustained over and above the insurance 24,000 00
73,075 00
79,697 75
We add wages of 31 men for 13 months, not including pay of 2d mate 12,160 00
Personal effects 3,600 00
15,760 00
95,457 75 24,000 00
Page 244.—Hector-380 42-95 tons 203,910 80
Prospective profits to be deducted 99,750 00
104,160 80
We add wages of 32 men for 14 months 17,010 00
Personal effects of 32 men for 14 months 4,450 00
21,460 00
125,620 80 $31,875 00
Page 245—Hillman—382 84-95 tons 158,176 75
We deduct prospective profits 54,675 00
Do 545 25
55,220 25
102,956 50
We add wages of 33 men for 41 months, not including one-half of 9 months’ pay allowed the captain 49,960 00
Personal effects 4,450 00
54,410 00
157,366 50 31,250 00
Page 246.—Isaac Howland—399 29-95 tons 383,149 00 Observe the claim of two insurance companies for the same amount—$14,000—for insurance.
We deduct prospective profits 196,158 00
186,991 00
We add wages of 34 men for 12 months 15,060 00
Personal effects 3,900 00
18,960 00
205,951 00 55,500 00
Page 248.—Isabella—315 6-95 tons 297,237 00
We deduct prospective profits 174,600 00
122,637 00
We add wages of 28 men for 30 months 34,050 00
Personal effects 3,300 00
37,350 00
159,987 00 1,000 00 21,650 00
Page 250.—Jireh Swift—454 7-95 tons 225,880 75
We deduct prospective profits 138,087 50
87,793 25
We add wages of 37 men for 12 months 15,780 00
Personal effects of 37 men 3,700 00
19,480 00
107,273 25
Page 253.—Martha—359 77-95 tons 303,858 98
Loss caused by breaking up of voyage to be deducted 192,062 50
111,796 48
The claim for this vessel is only represented by 31-32; we therefore add 1-32 of $69,906.25 in order to complete the claim 2,255 04
114,051 52
We add wages of 31 men for 12 months, not including one-half of the 9 months’ pay allowed the captain and the 1st and 2d mates. 12,877 50
Personal effects of 31 men 2,850 00
15,727 50
129,779 02 34,200 00
Page 255.—Nassau—407 63-95 tons $241,574 50
Loss arising from breaking up of voyage to be deducted 78,750 00
162,824 50
We add wages of 34 men for 11 months $13,805 00
Personal effects 4,650 00
18,455 00
$181,279 50 $72,500 00
Page 258.—Nimrod—340 67-95 tons 276,499 87
We deduct loss caused by breaking up of voyage 154,500 00
Loss of first officer 4,000 00
158,500 00
117,999 87
We add wages of 30 men for 35 months 41,125 00
Personal effects not included in claim 3,000 00
44,125 00
162,124 87 28,000 00
Page 260.—Sophia Thornton—426 80-95 tons 140,284 31
We deduct loss of prospective profits 51,100 00
We add wages of 35 men, not including one-half of the 9 months’ pay allowed the first officer 13,575 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,000 00
17,575 00
106,759 31 27,050 00
Page 262.—Susan Abigail—159 9-95 tons 227,848 37
We deduct loss or prospective profits 95,975 00 No insurance.
We deduct loss of prospective trade 88,750 00
184,725 00
43,123 37
We add wages of 27 men for 8 months 8,920 00
Personal effects 4,950 00
13,870 00
Page, 263.—Waverly—327 8-95 tons 228,513 25 56,993 37
Loss on prospective profits to be deducted 110,876 00
117,637 25
We add wages of 29 men for 12 months 13,860 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 4,150 00
18,018 00
135,655 25 31,250 00
Page 264.—William Thompson—495 43-95 tons 290,843 75
We deduct loss of prospective profits 131,250 00
159,593 75
We add wages of 40 men for 11 months 15,125 00
Personal effects of 40 men 6,250 00
21,375 00
180,968 75 54,500 00
Page 265.—William C. Nye—389 35-95 tons 305,837 50
We deduct loss of prospective profits 218,125 00
We deduct captain’s claim for breaking up of voyage 5,000 00
223,125 00
82,712 50
We add wages of 33 men for 9 months 11,115 00
Personal effects not included in claim 4,550 00
15,665 00
98,377 50 20,000 00
Page 259.—Pearl—195 tons 110,240 50
We deduct loss of prospective profits 60,890 00
We deduct for errors in adding 10,000 00
70,890 00
39,350 50
We add wages of 27 men for 12 months, not including 9 months’ pay allowed to the first officer and to a seaman 12,705 00
Personal effects not included in claim 3,600 00
16,305 00 55,665 50
3,054,235 55
46,560 00
After deducting $46,560, which we have added by mistake as wages, the total amount of claims is 3,007,675 55 $115,349 20 97,368 80 460,350 00
Class B.—Shenandoah.
Page 226.—Alina—573 86 95 tons $90,317 43 No estimate is made for the effects and pay of the captain.
We add wages of 27 men for 7 months, not including captain’s pay $4,035 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 3,150 00
$7,185 00
$97,502 43 $3,500 00
Page 262.—Susan—134 tons 14,952 00 No estimate is made for the effects and pay of the first officer.
We add wages of 13 men for 8 months, not including those of one officer 3,600 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,500 00
6,100 00
21,052 00
Total 118,554 43 3,500 00
Class C.—Shenandoah.
Page 235.—D. Godfrey—299 tons $70,988 00 No estimate is made of the value of the personal effects of the captain or of the amount of his pay after the capture of the vessel.
We deduct loss on sale of vessel $13,290 00
Insurance premium 460 00
13,750 00
57,238 00
We add wages of 13 men for 8 months 3,300 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,250 00
5,550 00
$62,788 00 $47,085 00
Page 251.—Lizzie M. Stacey—140 21-95 tons 42,257 50 No estimate is made of the value of the personal effects of the captain and of one seaman, nor of the amount of the captain’s pay after the capture of the vessel.
We add wages of 13 men for 8 months 3,300 00
Effects not included in the claim 2,150 00
5,450 00
47,707 50 28,000 00
Page 230.—Charter Oak—(tonnage not stated) 32,689 56 According to all appearances, all claims relating to this vessel have not yet been presented. The Tribunal will decide whether a double claim for the same amount, viz, $3,500 as insurance, has been presented. No estimate is made for the captain’s personal effects.
We add wages of 13 men for 8 months 4,200.00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,250 00
6,450 00
39,139 56 31,400 00
Total 149,635 06 106,485 00
Class D.—Shenandoah.
Page 234.—Delphine—705 35-95 tons $93,925 00 No estimate is made for the personal effects and pay of the captain and mate, nor for their pay after the capture of the vessel.
We add wages of 26 men for 12 months $10,350 00
Personal effects not included in the claim 2,800 00
13,150 00
$107,075 00 $9,000 00
Total 107,075 00 9,000 00

Shenandoah, supplement, Class A.

Page 266.—Almira—360 tons } We estimate the value of each of these vessels at $80,000, and we allow 25 per cent, loss on account of breaking up of voyage $20,000 00
Page 266.—Europa—360 tons
Page 241.—General Pike—313 15-95 tons We estimate the wages of the crew according to tonnage of the vessels, at least at 12,000 00
Page 250.—James Maury—394 64-95 tons And we add, moreover, for the maintenance of the captured crew and port charges 5,000 00
Page 255.—Milo—410 2-95 tons
Page 257.—Nile—360 tons 37,000 00
Page 266.—Richmond—tonnage not stated
Page 266.—Splendid—360 tons Total for these 8 vessels 296,000 00
Page 227.—Australia, loss on account of forced sale 22,500 00
Page 266.—Louisiana, loss arising from breaking up of voyage 15,000 00
333,500 00

Note.—This table as originally presented showed a total of $973,500; but as was explained in the statement read by Mr. Bancroft Davis to the Tribunal on the 26th of August, and contained in the 26th protocol, it was a clerical error. The table is therefore given here in the corrected form.