Code of laws of the Russian Empire, edition
of 1857.
Vol. 15, the Penal Code, book third of crimes against
the state.
* * * * * * * *
Art. 293. If any Russian subject in time of
peace attacks with open force the inhabitants of neighboring or
other states, and through that exposes his country to danger of
rupture with a friendly power, or, at least, to a similar attack on
the part of subjects of that power on Eussian territories, for this
crime against national law, (the law of nations,) he himself and all
participating in it of their own will with knowledge of the crime
and of the unlawfulness of his undertaking are condemned:
To deprivation of all civil rights and to exile with hard labor in a
fortress for a period of from 8 to 10 years; and if they are not
exempt by law from corporal punishment, to punishment by whipping by
the executioner in the measure fixed in Art. 21 of this code for the
fifth degree of punishment of this kind with branding.
Complete collection of laws, (vol. xxxiii, p. 757, 1858, June 16, 33302,) of the
measure of punishment for crimes against the security of
powers friendly to Russia.
[571] If one of the crimes mentioned in
Articles 275, 276, *277, 283, 248 and 287, of the penal code,
shall be committed against a foreign state, with which, on the
basis of treaties or published laws or decrees, there is
established a reciprocity in this respect, or against the
supreme power of that state, those guilty, provided there is
added to this no crime meriting a greater punishment, are
condemned:
To loss of all civil rights and privileges and of all personal
and class distinctions, and to exile in the government of Tomsk
or Tobolsk; or if they are not exempt from corporal punishment,
to delivery over to the companies of disciplinary arrest of the
civil authorities for a period of from one and one-half to two
and one-half years, or of from one to one and one-half
years.
When the crime has been committed with aggravating circumstances,
then to loss of all rights and to exile as a colonist in
Siberia, in the not most distant places.
Code of laws, &c, vol. xv, book iv, chap.
vii.
Art. 367. Any one who, leaving his
country, enters into the service of a foreign power, without the
permission of the government, or becomes a subject of a foreign
power, is liable for this breach of his duty of subjection and
his oath of allegiance:
[572] *To loss of all civil rights and
étérnal exile from the limits of the empire; or, in case of his
voluntary return to Eussia, to exile in Siberia.
