Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs, Accompanying the Annual Message of the President to the Second Session Thirty-eighth Congress, Part II
Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward.
Sir: The note of Lord Russell of the 8th instant, a copy of which, and of its enclosure, is herewith transmitted, is supplementary to the correspondence already sent with my despatches 731 and 734 of the 28th and 30th of June. It does not seem to furnish much additional light to a solution of the questions raised by the conduct of Mr. Lancaster.
I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant,
Hon. William H. Seward, &c., &c., &c.
[Enclosures.]
1. Lord Russell to Mr. Adams, July 8, 1834.
2. Mr. Clarke to Lord Russell, July 4, 1864.
Lord Russell to Mr. Adams.
Sir: With reference to ray letter of the 27th ultimo, in which I stated that I should transmit to the owner of the Deerhound a copy of your letter of the 25th [Page 214] ultimo, I have the honor to enclose a copy of a letter from Mr. Edmund Clarke, who, in Mr. Lancaster’s absence in Norway, has acknowledged the receipt of my communication.
I have the honor to be, with the highest consideration, sir, your most obedient, humble servant,
Charles Francis Adams, Esq., &c., &c., &c.
Mr. Clarke to Earl Russell.
My Lord: On behalf of Mr. J. Lancaster, I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your lordship’s favor, dated June 27, 1864, accompanied with certain documents relating to that gentleman’s part in the rescue of the captain and a portion of the crew of the Alabama, on the 19th ultimo.
Mr. Lancaster left here on Monday last for Norway, whence he is expected to return about the latter, end of next week. Immediately on his arrival at home, the above-mentioned documents shall be submitted to him, and I have no doubt they will receive his prompt attention.
I take the liberty of drawing your lordship’s attention to a letter from Mr. Lancaster, inserted in the Daily News of the 29th ultimo, (page 5, col. 6, ) a copy of which paper I enclose with this. The letter contains Mr. Lancaster’s own narrative of his share in the proceedings to which it refers, and it will be seen that he therein emphatically denies many of the allegations advanced by Captain Winslow, and indorsed by Mr. Adams.
I have, &c, &c.,
Earl Russell, K. G., &c., &c., &c.
The Deerhound, the Alabama, and the Kearsage.
To the Editor of the Daily News :
Sir: As two correspondents of your journal, in giving their versions of the fight between the Alabama and the Kearsarge, have designated my share in the escape of Captain Semmes and a portion of the crew of the sunken ship as “dishonorable,” and have moreover affirmed that my yacht, the Deerhound, was in the harbor of Cherbourg before the engagement, and proceeded thence on the morning of the engagement in order to assist the Alabama, I presume I may trespass upon your kindness so far as to ask for an opportunity to repudiate the imputation and deny the assertion. They admit that when the Alabama went down, the yacht, being near the Kearsarge, was hailed by Captain Winslow and requested to aid in picking up the men who were in the water; but they intimate that my services were expected to be merely ministerial, or in other words, that I was to put myself under the command of Captain Winslow, and place my yacht at his disposal for the capture of the poor fellows who were struggling in the water for their lives. The fact is, that when we passed the Kearsarge the captain cried out, “For God’s sake, do what you can to sava them !” and that was my warrant for interfering in any way for the aid and succor of his enemies. It may be a question with some, whether, without that warrant, I should have been justified in endeavoring to rescue any of the crew of the Alabama; but my own opinion is that a man drowning in the open [Page 215] sea cannot be regarded as an enemy at the time to anybody, and is therefore entitled to the assistance of any passer-by. Be this as it may, I had the earnest request of Captain Winslow to rescue as many of the men who were in the water as I could lay hold of, but that request was not coupled with any stipulation to the effect that I should deliver up the rescued men to him as his prisoners. If it had been, I should have declined the task, because I should have deemed it dishonorable—that is, inconsistent with my notions of honor—to lend my yacht and crew for the purpose of rescuing those brave men from drowning only to hand them over to their enemies for imprisonment, ill-treatment, and perhaps execution. One of your correspondents opens his letter by expressing a desire to bring to the notice of the yacht clubs of England the conduct of the commander of the Deerhound which followed the engagement of the Alabama and Kearsarge. Now that my conduct has been impugned I am equally wishful that it should come under the notice of the yacht clubs of England, and I am quite willing to leave the point of “honor” to be decided by my brother yachtsmen, and, indeed, by any tribunal of gentlemen. As to my legal right to take away Captain Semmes and his friends, I have been educated in the belief that an English ship is English territory, and I am, therefore, unable even now to discover why I was more bound to surrender the people of the Alabama whom I had on board my yacht than the owner of a garden on the south coast of England would have been if they had swum to such a place and landed there, or than the mayor of Southampton was when they were lodging in that city, or than the British government is now that it is known that they are somewhere in England.
Your other correspondent says that Captain Winslow declares that “the reason he did not pursue the Deerhound or fire into her was that he could not believe at the time that any one carrying the flag of the royal yacht squadron could act so dishonorable a part as to carry off the prisoners whom he had requested him to save, from feelings of humanity.” I was not aware then, and I am not aware now, that the men whom I saved were, or ever had been, his prisoners. Whether any of the circumstances which had preceded the sinking of the Alabama constituted them prisoners was a question that never came under my consideration, and one which I am not disposed to discuss even now. I can only say that it is new doctrine to me, that when one ship sinks another in warfare the crew of the sunken ship are debarred from swimming for their lives and seeking refuge wherever they can find it, and it is a doctrine which I shall not accept, unless backed by better authority than that of the master of the Kearsarge. What Captain Winslow’s notion of humanity may be is a point beyond my knowledge, but I have good reason for believing that not many members of the royal yacht squadron would, from “motives of humanity,” have taken Captain Semmes from the water in order to give him up to the tender mercies of Captain Winslow and his compatriots. Another reason than that assigned by your correspondent for that hero’s forbearance may be imagined in the reflection that such a performance as that of Captain Wilkes, who dragged two “enemies” or “rebels” from an English ship, would not bear repetition. Your anonymous correspondent further says, that “Captain Winslow would now have all the officers and men of the Alabama as prisoners, had he not placed too much confidence in the honor of an Englishman who carried the flag of the royal yacht squadron.” This is a very questionable assertion; for why olid Captain Winslow confide in that Englishman? Why did he implore his interference, calling out, “For God’s sake, do what you can to save them?” I presume it was because he could not or would not save them himself. The fact is, that if the captain and crew of the Alabama had depended for safety .altogether upon Captain Winslow, not one half of them would have been saved. He got quite as many of them as he could lay hold of time enough to deliver them from drowning.
[Page 216]I come now to the more definite charges advanced by your correspondents, and these I will soon dispose of. They maintain that my yacht was in the harbor of Cherbourg for the purpose of assisting the Alabama, and that her movements before the action prove that she attended her for the same object My impression is that the yacht was in Cherbourg to suit my convenience and pleasure, and I am quite sure that when there I neither did, nor intended to do, anything to serve the Alabama. We steamed out on Sunday morning to see the engagement, and the resolution to do so was the result of a family council whereat the question “to go out” or “not go out” was duly discussed, and the decision in the affirmative was carried by the juveniles rather against the wish of both myself and my wife. Had I contemplated taking any part in the movements of the Alabama, I do not think I should have been accompanied with my wife and several young children. One of your correspondents, however, says that he knows that the Deerhound did assist the Alabama, and if he does know this he knows more than I do. As to the movements of the Deerhound before the action, all the movements with which I was acquainted were for the objects of enjoying the summer morning, and getting a good and safe place from which to watch the engagement. Another of your correspondents declares that since the affair it has been discovered that the Deerhound was a consort of the Alabama, and on the night before had received many valuable articles for safe-keeping from that vessel. This is simply untrue. Before the engagement neither I nor any of my family had any knowledge of or communication with either Captain Semmes, any of his officers, or any of his crew. Since the fight I have inquired from my captain whether he or any of my crew had had any communication with the captain or crew of the Alabama prior to meeting them on the Deerhound after the engagement, and his answer, given in the most emphatic manner, has been “None whatever.” As to the deposit of chronometers and other valuable articles, the whole story is a myth. Nothing was brought from the Alabama to the Deerhound, and I never heard of the tale until 1 saw it in an extract from your own columns. After the fight was over, the drowning men picked up, and the Deerhound steaming away to Southampton, some of the officers who had been saved began to express their acknowledgments for my services, and my reply to them, which was addressed also to all who stood around, was: “Gentlemen, you have no need to give me any special thanks. I should have done exactly the same for the other people, if they had needed it.” This speech would have been a needless, and indeed an absurd piece of hypocrisy, if there had been any league or alliance between the Alabama and the Deerhound.
Both your correspondents agree in maintaining that Captain Semmes and such of his crew as were taken away by the Deerhound are bound in honor to consider themselves still as prisoners and to render themselves to their lawful captors as soon as practicable. This is a point which I have nothing to do-with, and therefore I shall not discuss it. My object in this letter is merely to vindicate my conduct from misrepresentation; and I trust that in aiming at this I have not transgressed any of your rules of correspondence, and shall therefore be entitled to a place in your columns.
I am, &c,