A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Belgium
Summary
The Kingdom of Belgium declared its independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands on October 4, 1830. Most of the European powers recognized de facto independence on December 20, 1830. However, it was not until the Netherlands signed the Treaty of London on April 19, 1839 that the former ruler recognized Brussels as a sovereign state. Belgium had attempted to remain a neutral country for much of its history; however, the German invasions in the first and second World Wars made this impossible. Today, Belgium is a member of the European Union and NATO.
Recognition
U.S. Recognition of Belgium Independence, 1832.
The United States recognized Belgium’s independence on January 6, 1832, when the Department of State issued an exequatur to the Belgian consul at New York.
History of Diplomatic Relations
Establishment of Diplomatic Relations, 1832.
Diplomatic relations were established on June 18, 1832, when Baron D. Behr, Minister of Belgium, sent a note attaching his “full powers” to Secretary of State Edward Livingston.
Establishment of the U.S. Legation in Belgium, 1832.
The U.S. Legation in Brussels was established on September 25, 1832, when Chargé d’Affaires, Hugh Legare, presented his credentials in Brussels.
Elevation of Legation to Embassy, 1919.
The U.S. Legation in Brussels was elevated to an embassy on October 3, 1919.
Closure of Embassy, 1940.
The United States closed its embassy in Brussels on July 15, 1940, after the German invasion of Belgium. Rudolph E. Schoenfeld was designated on November 1, 1940, to serve as Chargé d’Affaires ad interim near the Government of Belgium established in England.
Embassy in Brussels Reopened, 1944.
The U.S. Embassy in Brussels was reestablished on September 14, 1944, with Ernest de W. Mayer as Chargé d’Affaires ad interim.