Index
References are to document numbers
-
- Abako party (see also Kasavubu, Joseph), 145
- Adams, Gen. Paul D., 335, 390, 472
- Adoula, Cyrille (see also Adoula government
(1961-64)):
- Congolese National Army retraining, 162
- Harriman meetings, 162
- Humphrey Congo visit, 569
- Katanga policy, 116
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 536, 537
- Lumumba-Kasavubu conflict, 13
- Mobutu coup (1965), 453
- Mobutu regime, 496
- No confidence crisis (1962), 126
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), 1, 82, 84, 87, 90, 91, 101
- Political reshuffling (1963), 139, 140, 143, 148, 153
- RADECO, 240
- Simba Rebellion, 208, 243, 370, 496
- Tshombe government political situation, 370
- Adoula government (1961-64) (see also Adoula government Katanga policy;
Adoula government period political action operations; Simba
Rebellion; U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force under Adoula government):
- Adoula Group coup planning (1962), 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 150, 151
- Belgian aid to, 119, 168, 175
- Belgian influence, 151, 153
- Belgian technicians role, 119
- CIA-Congolese contact discussions, 107, 110, 117, 123, 148, 152, 154
- Congolese National Army retraining program, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163
- Economic situation, 101, 107, 162, 163
- Gizenga imprisonment, 106, 108
- Gizenga role, 92, 94, 100, 101
- Harriman visit, 162, 164, 165
- Kasavubu martial law decree (Nov. 1963), 154
- Kwilu Province insurgency (1964), 159, 160, 161, 168, 171
- Mobutu role, 113, 115, 187
- New province creation, 121, 131
- Political situation:
- Soviet aid offers, 101, 107, 113, 114, 127
- Stanleyville government relations with, 94
- Tax proposal, 116, 119
- Tshombe role, 117, 163, 181
- U.S. covert support for, 1, 94, 95, 103, 107, 114, 115
- U.S. military aid:
- U.S. subsidies to Mobutu during, 102, 109, 138, 142, 151, 167, 170
- Adoula government Katanga policy:
- CIA-Congolese contact discussions, 112
- CIA memoranda, 116
- Katanga bombing (Nov. 1962), 127
- Léopoldville Station evaluation, 92, 101, 109
- No confidence crisis (1962) and, 126
- Post-reintegration, 149, 162
- Special Group memoranda, 100
- Tshombe Léopoldville talks (1962), 114, 119
- UN reconciliation plan, 123
- Adoula government period political action operations:
- Adoula Group coup planning (1962) and, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 151
- CIA-Congolese contact discussions, 117, 118, 152
- CIA papers, 115, 138, 142, 167, 170
- Congolese requests, 123
- Devlin memoranda, 119, 137
- End of, 186, 241
- Fields memoranda, 155, 169
- Gullion memoranda, 156
- Kasavubu martial law decree (Nov. 1963) and, 154
- Léopoldville Station memoranda, 93, 101, 105, 110, 139
- New party creation, 117, 118, 134, 135, 142, 146, 155, 167, 169
- New province creation, 121
- Political reshuffling (1963), 139, 140, 148, 152, 153
- Special Group discussions, 100, 143
- State-CIA discussions, 98, 151
- Tshombe support proposals (June-July 1964), 182, 187, 188
- Wellborn memoranda, 104
- African countries (see also African aid to Congo government under Simba Rebellion; African aid to rebels under Simba Rebellion; African hostility toward Tshombe government; specific countries):
- African hostility toward Tshombe government:
- Adoula views, 370
- Election planning and, 411
- Mercenary presence in Congo and, 243, 385
- Rusk memoranda, 367, 381
- Special Group discussions, 373, 397
- 303 Committee discussions, 254
- Tshombe diplomatic offensive, 381, 384, 391, 393, 399, 404
- Tshombe OAU policy and, 248, 262
- Tshombe U.S. visit proposals and, 380
- Uganda border conflict, 398
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 313, 400
- U.S. economic aid and, 388
- Agency for International Development (AID), 580
- Air Force aid. See U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during Simba Rebellion; U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force under Adoula government; U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force under Mobutu regime.
- Alba, Col., 477
- Alexander, 333
- Algeria:
- Amitay, Morris J., 355
- Anany, Jerome, 131, 132, 146, 151, 448, 451, 471
- Anderson, Robert, 432, 444, 482, 515, 550
- Angola:
- Appling, Hugh G., 159, 160, 172, 175, 188, 203, 275
- Ascham, 14, 15, 27
- Attwood, William:
-
- Bachtell, Col., 562
- Balewa, Abubakar, 179, 220
- Ball, George:
- Kisangani rebellion (1966), 475
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 444
- Simba Rebellion:
- Aerial photography, 303
- African aid to Congo government, 174
- Air operations restrictions, 290, 291, 295, 296
- Belgian aid, 173
- NSC discussions, 211
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 261, 262
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 316, 341, 342
- Operations Dragon Blanc/Noir/Vert, 359
- Political settlement proposals, 395
- Reconciliation manifesto proposal, 317
- Red Cross access, 310
- South African pilot project, 280
- Stanleyville hostages, 304
- Stanleyville radio air strike plans, 249
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 270, 289, 293
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 300, 346, 356, 432
- U.S.-rebel negotiations, 338, 340
- Tshombe government, 368, 372, 395, 411, 425, 433
- Tshombe return to Léopoldville (1964), 188
- U.S. aid to Mobutu regime, 479
- Baluba-Kasai party, 145
- Balubakat party, 145
- Bamba, Emanuel, 470, 471
- Basongo, Gen., 505
- Baum, Robert D., 366
- Beigel, Edgar J., 479, 495, 572
- Belgian aid to Congo, proposed and actual (see
also under Simba Rebellion):
- Adoula government, 119, 168, 175
- Belgian military personnel, 119, 162, 172, 200, 219, 226, 415, 511
- Congolese National Army retraining, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163
- JCS memoranda, 245
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government, 52, 61, 67
- Mobutu regime, 458, 469, 479, 482, 511, 515, 550, 579
- Tshombe government financial settlement (1965), 399, 469
- Belgian residents in Congo:
- Belgium (see also Belgian aid to Congo,
proposed and actual; Belgian residents in Congo; Union Minière;
U.S.-Belgian consultations):
- Adoula government influence, 151, 153
- Conakat party and, 145
- Congo military bases, 7
- Kisangani rebellion (1966), 476, 478
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 508, 511
- Lumumba escape/recapture (Nov. 1960) and, 45
- Lumumba execution, 76
- Mercenary evacuation, 551, 558
- Mobutu coup (1965), 456
- Simba Rebellion reconciliation manifesto proposal, 324
- Belk, Samuel, 184, 300, 302
- Bell, David E., 211
- Berlind, Alan D., 278, 404, 406, 444, 460
- Binza group (see also Bomboko, Justin; Mobutu Sese Seko; Nendaka Bika, Victor), 193, 414
- Bissell, Richard:
- Blake, James J.:
- Bobozo, Gen., 163, 453, 456
- Boeynants, Paul V., 515
- Boggs, Marion, 11
- Bohlen, Charles E., 163, 578
- Bokassa, Jean-Bedel, 549
- Bolikango, Jean, 84, 87, 146, 208
- Bolya, Paul, 471
- Bomboko, Justin, 1
- Adoula government, 109, 113, 143
- Humphrey Congo visit, 569
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government, 52, 53, 61, 71
- Kimba coup plot, 471
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 495, 504, 538
- Lumumba imprisonment, 56
- Lumumba-Kasavubu conflict (Sept. 1960), 17, 18
- Mercenary evacuation, 540, 571
- Mobutu coup (1960), 23, 31
- Mobutu coup (1965), 453
- Mobutu regime:
- New province creation, 121
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), 84, 87
- Political reshuffling (1963), 148
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 446
- Simba Rebellion, 208, 243
- Tshombe coup plots (1966), 481
- Tshombe extradition requests, 528
- Tshombe government, 414, 442
- Tshombe kidnapping, 502
- U.S. visit, 571
- Bowles, Chester A., 65, 82, 83, 86, 88
- Brademas, John, 520
- Brashears, Capt., 318
- Braun, Sidney, 24
- Brazzaville. See Congo-Brazzaville.
- Bross, John A., 141
- Brown, C., 493
- Brown, Elizabeth Ann, 495, 536
- Brown, L. Dean, 427
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 478, 495, 517, 537, 542
- Mercenary evacuation, 543, 549, 550, 552, 556, 559
- Mobutu coup (1965), 453, 458, 461
- Mobutu regime:
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 437, 438, 443, 444
- Simba Rebellion, 432
- Tshombe extradition requests, 528
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force, 497, 508, 530, 533, 554, 556
- Brubeck, William H.:
- Adoula government, 164, 166, 177
- Simba Rebellion, 209, 256
- African aid to Congo government, 199, 213, 220, 243, 248
- Air operations restrictions, 290, 291, 295, 296, 297
- Ethiopian initiative proposals, 231
- European participation, 197, 220
- Harriman memoranda, 193
- Mercenary force formation, 199, 203, 207, 220
- Military situation, 177, 209
- NSC discussions, 211
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 250, 251, 256, 257, 262, 265, 267
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 313, 314, 315, 319, 320, 322, 333, 341, 353
- Operations Dragon Blanc/Noir/Vert, 361
- Reconciliation manifesto proposal, 320
- South African pilot project, 280, 281
- Stanleyville hostages, 198, 274, 301
- Stanleyville radio air strike plans, 249
- UN Security Council response, 368
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 212, 286, 293
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 199, 300
- U.S.-rebel negotiations, 338, 340
- Tshombe government, 368
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force, 166, 180
- Buffum, William B., 159, 172, 174, 216, 367
- Bunche, Ralph, 7, 119, 201, 242
- Bundy, McGeorge:
- Adoula government, 130, 142, 143, 160, 166, 177, 184
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government, 77
- Mobutu regime, 463, 464
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), 1, 83, 86
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 436, 439, 445, 447
- Simba Rebellion:
- African aid to Congo government, 220
- Air operations restrictions, 296, 305, 387
- Belgian aid to Congo government, 220, 226
- Brubeck memoranda, 209
- Cease-fire proposals, 375
- Chinese People’s Republic role, 210
- Congolese Air Force pilot project, 281
- European participation, 382
- Harriman memoranda, 193
- Johnson discussions, 205
- Maritime interdiction program, 399
- Mercenary force formation, 220, 226
- Military situation, 410, 413
- NSC discussions, 211
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 256, 264
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 314, 320, 322, 325, 332, 339, 347, 354, 356, 357
- Political settlement proposals, 391, 395, 410
- Stanleyville hostages, 274, 283, 285, 302, 336
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 178, 237, 254, 289, 440
- U.S.-rebel negotiations, 339
- Western military intervention, 298
- Tshombe extradition requests, 527
- Tshombe government:
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force, 178, 527
- U.S. covert operations publicity policy, 185
- Burchinal, Lt. Gen. David A., 318
- Burden, William, 67
- Burgess, Warren R., 61
- Burundi:
-
- Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 38
- Cailleau, Georges, 72
- Canada, 561
- Canup, William, 74, 438, 443, 456, 461, 468, 469, 471
- Cardoso, Mario, 243, 264, 277, 399, 401
- Carlson, Paul, 302, 331, 350
- Carlucci, Frank C., 414
- Carter, Lt. Gen. Marshall S., 138, 141, 167, 185, 237
- Cashin, Richard, 432, 438
- Cashin, Richard M., 172, 477
- Cater, Simba Rebellion, 211
- Central African Republic (CAR), 219, 549
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (see also U.S. covert operations in Congo; specific operations):
- Cerea party, 145, 146
- Chapin, Frederic L., 288, 313
- Cheslaw, Irving G., 572
- Chinese People’s Republic (CPR):
- Christian, George, 527
- Church Committee:
- Clark, G. Edward, 456
- Cleveland, James H., 159, 160, 172, 201, 342, 348
- Clingerman, John R., 244, 326, 354
- Clock, Philip, 57
- Committee of National Liberation (CNL) (see also Simba Rebellion), 163, 165, 167, 172, 182, 189, 194
- Common Organization of African and Malagasy States (OCAM), 398, 400, 404
- Conakat party (see also Tshombe, Moise), 3, 145, 176
- Congo-Brazzaville (see also Committee of National Liberation):
- Congo Task Force, 231
- Congo Working Group (CWG), 256
- Congolese Air Force (CAF). See U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during Simba Rebellion; U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force under Adoula government; U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force under Mobutu regime.
- Congolese National Army (CNA) (see also
Mobutu subsidy program; specific conflicts):
- Belgian personnel in, 119, 162, 172, 200, 219, 226, 415, 511
- Greene report, 122, 123, 133
- Mobutu coup (1965) and, 453, 456
- Mobutu role, 101, 122, 138, 151, 172
- Mutiny (1960), 13, 16, 101, 119
- Mutiny (1963), 152
- Post-Tshombe crisis and, 446
- Retraining program (Belgium/Italy/Israel), 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163
- Simba Rebellion, Léopoldville Station evaluations, 208
- Tshombe role, 253
- Under Adoula government, 101, 102, 109, 119, 122, 167
- Under Mobutu regime, 579
- UNOC role in, 40
- U.S. covert pay funding under Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 63, 65
- U.S. training aid, 101, 119, 130, 157, 158
- U.S. training support, 101, 119, 130
- Congress, U.S. (see also Church Committee):
- Coote, Wendell B., 393
- Cordier, Andrew W., 16
- Correll, Alice B., 238
- Crawford, Franklin J., 406
- Creel, Robert C., 246, 329, 333, 338, 340
- Cyr, Leo G., 540
- Czechoslovakia, 79
-
- Davidson, E. A., 182
- Davignon, Etienne:
- Davis, Allen C., 238, 244, 316, 367, 414
- Day, Arthur R., 549, 572
- Dayal, Rajeshwar, 40, 51, 112
- De Coster (doctor), 72, 76
- De Kerchove, Charles:
- De Schoutheets, 482
- Defense, U.S. Department of (DOD) (see also Vance, Cyrus), 125, 127, 526
- Delperdange, Gen., 453, 458
- Delvaux, Albert, 48, 471
- Deming, Olcott, 397, 398, 402, 404
- Denis, Georges, 31
- Denney, George C., Jr., 218
- Department of State. See State, Department of.
- Devlin, Lawrence (Larry):
- Adoula government:
- Elections (May 1960), 2, 6
- Gizenga removal proposals, 106
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government:
- Lumumba assassination plans, 28, 30, 33, 43
- Lumumba-Kasavubu conflict (Sept. 1960), 17, 20
- Lumumba U.S. visa request, 25
- On Mobutu, 144
- Mobutu coup (1960), 19, 22
- Mobutu coup (1965), 452, 453, 454, 457, 459
- Mobutu regime, 464, 470, 471, 484, 498, 499
- Mobutu subsidy program, 227
- Political reshuffling (1963), 140
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 446, 448, 451
- Pre-independence period political action operations, 2
- Simba Rebellion, 202, 217, 427
- Tshombe government:
- Tshombe government contacts, 191, 192
- United Nations Operation in the Congo, 112
- U.S. economic aid to Congo, 107, 119
- U.S. official Congo policy, 119
- Dewilde, 577
- Dey Ould Sidi Baba, 374
- Dhanis, Francis, 3
- Diamanti, Walker A., 238, 278
- Dillon, C. Douglas, 11, 25, 211
- Dirksen, Everett, 530
- Documents not declassified, 34, 111, 120, 147
- Dodd, Thomas J., 396, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 436, 439, 449
- Dodds, Col. William, 161, 208, 226, 229, 230, 427
- Dougherty, Brig. Gen., 318
- Dragon Rouge. See Operation Dragon Rouge under Simba Rebellion.
- Dulles, Allen:
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government, 42, 71, 77
- Kasavubu/Lumumba government, 12, 14
- Lumumba assassination plans, 1, 11, 24
- Lumumba execution, 78
- Lumumba-Kasavubu conflict (Sept. 1960), 15
- Lumumba U.S. visa request, 25
- Mobutu coup (1960), 27, 31
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), 88
- U.S. official Congo policy, 66
- Dunn, Lt. Col. James E., 318, 326
-
- Eagleton, William L., Jr., 393
- Economic situation:
- Edessa, Mammo, 307
- Egypt. See United Arab Republic.
- Eisenberg, Robert, 94, 104
- Eisenhower, Dwight D.:
- Elections (May 1960) (see also Kasavubu/Lumumba government (1960)), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 16
- Emmanuel, Argiry, 79
- Engulu, Léon, 146
- Ethiopia, 226, 231, 235, 511
-
- Farmer, James, 393, 399
- Fearey, Robert A., 188
- Ferguson, C. Clyde, 572
- Ferguson, C. Vaughan, Jr., 3
- Fields, Glenn D.:
- Adoula government, 151, 155, 157, 167, 169, 170
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government, 57, 67, 69
- Lumumba assassination plans, 24, 32, 46
- Mobutu regime, 464, 492
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), 84
- Simba Rebellion:
- Tshombe government:
- U.S. covert tribal leader contributions, 223
- U.S. official Congo policy, 66
- 5412 Committee, 6
- Fine, Sydney H., 222
- Fitzgerald, Desmond, 427, 466, 467, 472, 498
- Ford, Alan W., 133, 159, 160
- Fowler, Joe, 576
- France, 163, 219, 393, 456, 508, 561
- Fredericks, Wayne:
- Adoula government, 94, 104, 129
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 517, 520, 537
- Mobutu regime, 471, 487, 508, 509, 515
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), 82
- Simba Rebellion:
- African aid to Congo government, 243, 246
- Ethiopian initiative proposals, 231
- Maritime interdiction program, 399, 427
- Mercenary force formation, 236
- Military situation, 460
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 250, 251, 257, 262, 268, 271
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 313, 319, 364
- South African pilot project, 281
- Stanleyville hostages, 233, 234, 282
- Stanleyville radio air strike plans, 249
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 279, 432
- Tshombe government:
- Tshombe return to Léopoldville (1964), 183
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force, 133, 421, 427, 508
- Front Democratique Congolais (FDC), 434
- Fulbright, J.W., 393
-
- Gall, Col., 160, 172, 179, 207, 222, 244, 319
- Ganao, Charles D., 393
- Gardiner, Robert, 119
- Garin, Vasco, 557
- Gates, Walter B., 310
- Gaud, William, 373, 501, 553, 576
- Gbenye, Christophe:
- Gendarmes. See Katanga gendarmes (Katgens).
- Geneva Convention, 290, 295, 331
- Getachew, 307
- Ghana:
- Gilpatric, Roswell L., 83
- Gizenga, Antoine (see also Stanleyville government):
- Gleysteen, William H., Jr., 517
- Godley, G. McMurtrie, II:
- Adoula government:
- Mobutu coup (1965), 452, 453, 458
- Mobutu regime, 457, 477, 478, 479, 484, 485, 486, 487
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 436, 438, 445, 446, 451
- Simba Rebellion:
- African aid to Congo government, 174, 215, 248
- Air operations restrictions, 291, 292, 294, 295, 297, 299, 387, 389
- Belgian aid, Ball memoranda, 173
- Cease-fire proposals, 375, 377, 378
- Maritime interdiction program, 427
- Mercenary force formation, 200, 207, 208, 215, 227, 236
- Military situation, 193
- Napalm use proposals, 400
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 345, 346, 353
- Political settlement proposals, 395
- Reconciliation manifesto proposal, 324, 327
- South African pilot project, 280
- Stanleyville hostages, 201, 214, 258, 283, 287, 308, 331, 336
- UN Security Council response, 377, 378
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 212, 215, 273, 287, 427
- U.S. military intervention possibilities, 229, 230
- Tshombe government:
- Election planning (1964-65), 394
- Elections (Mar.-Apr. 1965), 407, 409, 411, 412
- Léopoldville Station evaluations, 194
- Political situation, 217, 407, 416, 417, 418, 419, 422, 426
- Tshombe-U.S. contact meetings, 196, 224
- Tshombe U.S. visit proposals, 367, 380
- U.S. military aid, 227, 236
- U.S. political action operations, 218, 427, 430, 434, 442
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force, 133, 427
- Goldwater, Barry, 263
- Good, Robert, 279, 570
- Gordon, Herbert, 298
- Gouza, Jean, 393
- Grant, Lindsey, 233, 234, 235, 236
- Gray, Lt. Col., 318
- Great Britain, 179, 383, 550, 561
- Greene, Col. M. J. L., 123
- Greene report, 122, 123, 133
- Greenfield, James L., 222
- Grenfell, Georges, 146
- Guinea, 27, 37
- Gullion, Edmund:
- Adoula government:
- Adoula Group coup planning (1962), 129
- Economic aid requests, 107
- Gizenga imprisonment, 106
- Kasavubu martial law decree (Nov. 1963), 154
- Katanga policy, 112
- Léopoldville Station evaluations, 119
- No confidence crisis (1962), 126
- U.S. contingency planning, 115
- U.S. military aid, 127
- U.S. political action operations, 121, 142, 146, 156
- Gizenga removal proposals, 106, 108
- Political reshuffling (1963), 153
- Tshombe Léopoldville talks (1962), 114
- UN operations in Katanga, 96
- U.S. covert operations long-range planning, 95, 97
- Adoula government:
-
- Hadsel, Fred L., 364, 569
- Haile Selassie (Emperor of Ethiopia), 231, 235
- Hamilton, Edward, 474, 489, 540, 558
- Hammarskjöld, Dag, 11, 21, 38, 40, 51, 67
- Hand, Frank, 472
- Harmel, Pierre, 469, 482, 515, 548, 550, 559, 568
- Harriman, W. Averell:
- Adoula government:
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government, 65
- Mercenary presence in Congo, 392
- Mobutu regime, 471
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 406
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 437, 439, 443, 446
- Simba Rebellion:
- Aerial photography, 303
- African aid to Congo government, 213, 216, 220, 225, 226, 235, 243, 248
- African aid to rebels, 373, 385, 390, 393
- Belgian aid to Congo government, 173, 204, 220, 244, 275, 276, 410
- Chinese People’s Republic role, 210, 211
- Ethiopian initiative proposals, 231
- European participation, 197, 211, 220
- Mercenary force formation, 189, 193, 199, 200, 203, 204, 207, 220, 226, 393
- Military situation, 193, 226
- Napalm use proposals, 408
- NSC discussions, 211
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 257, 265
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 323
- Operations Dragon Blanc/Noir/Vert, 363
- Political settlement proposals, 384
- Reconciliation manifesto proposal, 313, 317, 327
- Stanleyville hostages, 201, 284, 288, 311
- Stanleyville radio air strike plans, 249
- UN Security Council response, 367, 368
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 178, 212, 222, 237, 270, 288, 392
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 193, 199, 300, 400, 432
- U.S. military intervention possibilities, 226, 229
- U.S. propaganda campaigns, 259
- U.S.-rebel negotiations, 338, 340
- State Department internal conflicts, 256
- Tshombe government:
- Tshombe return to Léopoldville (1964), 181, 183, 188
- U.S. policy toward African countries, 388
- Hart, Col., 533
- Hartman, Arthur A., 550
- Haverkamp, Roy T., 491, 495, 496, 547, 549
- Heine, Velma, 343
- Helman, Gerald B., 238, 243
- Helms, Richard M.:
- Hennessey, Helen M., 289
- Herter, Christian, 15, 61
- Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 393, 530
- Hilsman, Roger, Jr., 104, 120, 129, 133
- Hirsch, Comdt., 26
- Hoare, Mike (see also Mercenary force formation under Simba Rebellion), 399, 410
- Hoffacker, Lewis, 243, 244, 248, 312, 329
- Hoffman, George, 572
- Holmes, Edward W., 478
- Hoopes, Townsend, 526
- Houphouet-Boigny, Felix, 375, 570
- Hoyt, Michael, 214, 233, 266, 339, 364
- Hughes, 170, 304, 532
- Humphrey, Hubert H., 336, 568, 569, 570, 571
-
- Jackson, Henry M. (“Scoop”), 393
- Jessup, Peter:
- Johnson, Lyndon B.:
- Adoula government:
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 504, 508, 513, 520, 521, 522, 523
- Mercenary evacuation, 540, 541, 555, 561, 574
- Mobutu regime:
- Simba Rebellion:
- African aid to Congo government, 179, 220
- African aid to rebels, 369
- Brubeck memoranda, 199
- Bundy discussions, 205
- Bundy memoranda, 210
- Dodds team rescue, 229
- Ethiopian initiative proposals, 231
- European participation, 382
- Maritime interdiction program, 431
- Mercenary force formation, 220, 221
- Military situation, 403
- NSC discussions, 211
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 264, 267, 277
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 315, 322, 330, 336, 343, 344, 347, 352, 359
- Operations Dragon Blanc/Noir/Vert, 359, 360
- Stanleyville hostages, 233
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 247
- U.S.-rebel negotiations, 339
- Tshombe extradition requests, 527
- Tshombe government, 396, 424, 426
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force, 1
- U.S. economic aid to Congo, 501, 524, 553, 576
- Johnson, Robert H., 11
- Johnson, Tom, 523
- Johnson, U. Alexis, 124, 125, 127, 464, 467, 473
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS):
- Joint Chiefs of Staff memoranda:
- Joint Strategic Survey Council memoranda, JCS 2262/145, “The Situation in the Congo (U),” 182
- Judd, Thomas M., 179, 381, 414, 477
- Junkerman, Col., 173, 174
-
- Kabemba, Joseph, 393
- Kabeya, Alcidor, 502
- Kalonji, Albert, 68, 393
- Kamitatu, Cleophas, 79, 84, 126, 471
- Kandolo, Daniel, 68
- Kansa, Thomas, 301
- Kanza, Andre Eduard, 79
- Kanza, Daniel, 79
- Kanza, Thomas, 94, 336, 340, 350, 383, 393
- Kapwasa, Andre, 471
- Karamessines, Thomas, 167, 223, 494, 575
- Kasavubu, Joseph (see also Adoula
government; Kasavubu/Lumumba government (1960); Lumumba-Kasavubu conflict (Sept. 1960); Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government;
Tshombe government):
- Adoula Group coup planning (1962), 131, 150
- Elections (May 1960), 4, 6
- Gizenga imprisonment, 189
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government period political action operations, 71
- Lumumba execution and, 99
- Lumumba imprisonment, 56
- Martial law decree (Nov. 1963), 154
- Mobutu coup (1960), 21, 23, 25, 29, 31, 35
- Mobutu coup (1965), 452, 453, 456
- Organization of African Unity, 190
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), 90, 91
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 436, 437, 438, 439, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449
- PSA coup plot (1960), 27
- Simba Rebellion, 219
- Tshombe government:
- Tshombe return to Léopoldville (1964), 184
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government (Sept. 1960-Aug. 1961) (see also Kasavubu/College of Commissioners
government period political action operations; Lumumba, Patrice,
execution of; Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961); covert support for Kasavubu/College of
Commissioners government):
- Belgian military aid to, 52, 61, 67
- CIA briefings, 47, 51
- Lumumba escape/recapture (Nov. 1960), 45, 46, 47
- Lumumba imprisonment, 56, 59, 60, 62
- PSA coup plot (1960), 27
- Stanleyville military operation proposals, 47, 51, 52, 53, 67, 69, 71, 73
- U.S. administration change and, 64
- U.S. policy alternatives and, 67
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government period political action operations:
- Kasavubu/Lumumba government (1960) (see also Lumumba assassination plans):
- Kasongo, Joseph, 94, 101
- Katanga (see also Adoula government Katanga
policy):
- Lumumba execution, 60, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 99
- Lumumba imprisonment, 56, 60, 62
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), 84
- Reintegration of, 133, 138, 149
- Secession of, 1, 7, 67, 196
- South African military aid request, 26
- Tshombe Léopoldville talks (1962), 114, 119
- UN operations in, 96, 100, 101, 112, 119
- UN Security Council Resolution, 101, 216
- Katanga gendarmes (Katgens):
- Katzen, Jay K., 482
- Katzenbach, Nicholas D.:
- Kaunda, Kenneth, 511, 549, 551
- Kayibanda, Grégoire, 541, 549, 571
- Kazadi, Fernand, 68, 70
- Kearney, Richard D., 453
- Kennedy, John F.:
- Kennedy, Col. Richard T., 421, 427, 432, 468, 477, 562, 567
- Kent, Sherman, 488
- Kenya (see also Kenyatta, Jomo), 261, 262, 263, 265, 283
- Kenyatta, Jomo, 92
- Ketema Yifru, 235
- Khrushchev, Nikita, 21
- Kimba, Evariste:
- Kirkpatrick, Lyman, 138, 141, 167
- Kisangani rebellion (1966), 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 491
- Kisangani rebellion (1967) (see also U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force
under Mobutu regime):
- Angolan mercenaries in, 557, 559, 560
- Johnson-NSC staff discussions, 523
- Katzenbach memoranda, 495
- McBride memoranda, 505, 513, 525, 529, 531
- Read memoranda, 511
- Walt Rostow memoranda, 504, 520, 521, 522
- Rusk Congressional testimony, 523
- Rusk memoranda, 506
- Soviet aid offers, 538, 544
- Tshombe kidnapping and, 508
- UN discussions, 508, 511, 517, 536, 537, 539, 560
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 515, 542, 545, 548
- U.S. economic aid and, 553
- U.S. military aid requests and, 495, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509
- Kivu province rebellion. See Simba Rebellion
- Knecht, 74
- Knight, Ridgway B.:
- Kohler, Foy D., 492, 497, 500, 557
- Komer, Robert W.:
- Korry, Edward M., 235, 250, 251, 477
- Kwilu Province insurgency (1964), 159, 160, 161, 168, 171
-
- Landau, George W., 495, 547
- Lang, Col. William E.:
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 495
- Simba Rebellion:
- African aid to Congo government, 206
- Air operations restrictions, 290
- Belgian aid to Congo government, 275
- Maritime interdiction program, 399, 427
- Mercenary force formation, 200, 203, 207
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 250, 257
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 325, 326, 333, 334, 358
- South African pilot project, 281
- Stanleyville hostages, 198, 201, 308
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 421, 427
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 300
- U.S.-rebel negotiations, 337
- Tshombe government, 308, 399
- Lauveau (doctor), 72
- Leddy, 545, 568
- Lefevre, Theodore, 326
- LeMay, Gen. Curtis E., 158
- Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman, 318, 323
- Lengema, Marcel, 173, 243
- Leonhart, William, 397, 398
- Liberia, 226
- Linner, Sture, 107
- Lion, Rene, 482, 550
- Litho, 437, 538, 539
- Little, Edmund S., 288
- Loberg, Col., 373
- Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 11
- Logiest, Guillaume, 236
- Looram, Matthew J., 172, 173, 175, 258, 260, 477
- Louveaux, Jean, 72
- Lovanium conclave. See Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961).
- Lumumba, Patrice (see also Kasavubu/Lumumba
government (1960); Lumumba assassination
plans; Lumumba-Kasavubu conflict (Sept. 1960); Stanleyville government (1960-61)):
- On Belgian military bases, 7
- Bunche on, 7
- CIA briefings on, 7
- Elections (May 1960), 3, 4, 6, 16
- Escape/recapture (Nov. 1960), 45, 46, 47
- Execution of, 51, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 81, 99
- Imprisonment of, 56, 59, 60, 62
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government period political action operations and, 37
- Mobutu coup (1960) and, 21, 22, 27, 29, 31, 35
- NSC discussions, 11
- Political action operations against, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12
- Stanleyville government and, 47, 51
- UN intervention and, 11
- U.S. visa request, 25
- Lumumba assassination plans:
- Lumumba-Kasavubu conflict (Sept. 1960):
- Lundula, Gen. Victor, 80, 94, 115
-
- MacArthur, Douglas, II:
- Adoula government, 159, 172, 175
- Rothschild detail to Tshombe government, 252
- Simba Rebellion:
- Belgian aid to Congo government, 173, 204, 276
- European participation, 197
- Mercenary force formation, 204
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 252
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 313, 319, 323, 326, 328, 333, 346, 351, 356
- Operations Dragon Blanc/Noir/Vert, 360, 361
- Stanleyville hostages, 282, 283
- UN Security Council response, 367, 374
- U.S.-rebel negotiations, 338
- Tshombe government, 372
- Tshombe return to Léopoldville (1964), 181, 188
- MacDonald, John, 497
- MacEoin, Lt. Gen. Sean, 107
- Macfarlane, 230, 230
- Mahamba, Alexandre, 471
- Malagasy, 226
- Mali, 228
- Malila, Lt. Col. Ferdinand, 299, 446, 453
- Manzikala, 146
- Marliere, David A. L., 287
- Martin, David, 396
- Massamba-Debat, Alphonse, 393
- Matthews, Elbert G., 179
- McBride, Robert:
- Anti-Belgian demonstrations, 538
- Anti-white demonstrations, 513, 518
- CIA-Mobutu contacts, 499
- Humphrey Congo visit, 569
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 505, 513, 522, 523, 525, 529, 531
- Mercenary evacuation, 540, 543, 551, 556, 558, 561, 563
- Mobutu-CIA contacts, 582
- Mobutu regime:
- Tshombe extradition requests, 512, 528
- Tshombe kidnapping, 502
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force under Mobutu regime, 513, 516, 523, 525, 529, 531, 535
- McCafferty, Arthur, 285, 321
- McCone, John A.:
- Adoula government period political action operations, 170
- Mercenary presence in Congo, 392
- Mobutu regime, 488
- Simba Rebellion:
- African aid to rebels, 369, 373, 383, 385, 390, 392
- Chinese People’s Republic role, 232
- European participation, 383
- NSC discussions, 211
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 332, 342
- Johnson-Rusk discussions, 344
- Operations Dragon Blanc/Noir/Vert, 362
- South African pilot project, 280
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 178, 247, 254, 272, 289, 301, 373, 392
- U.S. propaganda campaigns, 218
- Tshombe government:
- McConnell, Gen. J. P., 510
- McDermott, Edward A., 211
- McElhiney, Thomas W.:
- McGhee, George, 77, 124, 129, 372
- McIlvaine, Robinson:
- McKesson, John A., 562, 567, 572, 573
- McKillop, David:
- McNamara, Robert:
- McNaughton, John, 211, 295, 308, 334, 337, 358, 373
- Meagher, 567, 572
- Meeker, Leonard C., 367, 528
- Mercenary evacuation (1967):
- Covert CIA pilot program and, 544
- Hamilton memoranda, 540, 558
- Humphrey-Mobutu discussions, 570
- Johnson-Kayibanda correspondence, 541
- Katgen repatriation proposals, 559, 561, 562, 563
- McBride memoranda, 551
- OAU proposals, 549, 561, 562, 563, 571, 572, 574
- Walt Rostow memoranda, 566, 574
- Rusk memoranda, 534, 543, 552, 562, 567, 572
- U.S. aicraft support, 544, 554, 555, 556, 558, 564
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 550, 568
- U.S.-British discussions, 550
- U.S.-Portuguese discussions, 547
- Mercenary presence in Angola, 162, 163, 189, 193, 480, 481, 547
- Mercenary presence in Congo (see also
Mercenary evacuation):
- African hostility toward Tshombe government and, 243, 385
- Komer-Struelens discussions, 399
- Léopoldville Station evaluations, 194
- Mobutu regime African replacement proposals, 477
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission communiqué, 365
- OAU resolution, 243, 246, 252, 257
- Political settlement proposals and, 395
- Post-Tshombe crisis and, 445
- Rusk-McCone discussions, 392
- Rusk memoranda, 257, 406
- Schaufele memoranda, 460
- South African pilot project, 280, 281, 300, 308
- Tshombe kidnapping and, 503
- UN Security Council response, 374, 377, 378, 517
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 300
- Mercenary uprisings. See Kisangani rebellion (1966); Kisangani rebellion (1967); Mercenary evacuation; U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force under Mobutu regime
- Merchant, Livingston T., 12, 38, 42, 57
- Messena, J., 79
- Midiburo, 243
- Mills, Hawthorne, 160, 283
- Miruho, Jean, 471
- Mobutu coup (Sept. 1960):
- Mobutu coup (1965):
- Mobutu regime (see also Kisangani rebellion
(1967); Mercenary evacuation; U.S. aid to
Congolese Air Force under Mobutu regime; U.S. covert aid to Mobutu
regime):
- African mercenary replacement proposals, 477
- Anti-Belgian demonstrations, 538, 539, 579
- Anti-white demonstrations under, 505, 513, 516, 518, 521
- Belgian aid to, 458, 469, 479, 482, 515, 550, 579
- Bomboko U.S. visit, 571
- CIA-Mobutu contacts, 498, 499
- Economic situation, 488, 489, 579
- Godley recall demands, 484, 485
- Humphrey visit, 568, 569
- Johnson-Mobutu correspondence, 509
- Johnson-NSC staff discussions, 523
- Kimba coup plot, 470, 471
- Kisangani rebellion (1966), 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 491
- Mobutu-CIA contacts, 581, 582
- Mobutu extravagance, 577
- National Intelligence Estimates, 579
- Political situation, 465, 579
- Rusk-Adoula meetings, 496
- Tshombe coup plots (1966), 468, 470, 474, 475, 487, 490
- Tshombe extradition requests, 508, 512, 527, 528, 537
- Tshombe kidnapping, 502, 503
- Tshombe trial, 491, 493
- Union Minière takeover, 488, 489
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 482, 511, 515
- U.S. economic aid to, 501, 553, 576, 580
- U.S. military aid requests, 479, 495, 504, 505, 506, 507, 509
- U.S. political action operations, 573
- Mobutu Sese Seko (see also Mobutu coup (1960); Mobutu coup (1965); Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government;
Mobutu regime; Mobutu subsidy program):
- Adoula government:
- Adoula government period:
- African mercenary replacement proposals, 477
- Congolese National Army role, 101, 122, 138, 151, 172
- Devlin contacts (1964), 192
- Devlin on, 144
- Kasavubu martial law decree (Nov. 1963), 154
- Lumumba-Kasavubu conflict (Sept. 1960), 15, 17, 19
- Lumumba U.S. visa request, 25
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), 87, 90
- Political reshuffling (1963), 139
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 437, 443, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450
- Simba Rebellion, 400
- Tshombe government:
- On UNOC, 103, 107, 112
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 163
- U.S. visit (1963), 144
- Mobutu subsidy program (see also Mobutu regime, U.S. covert aid to):
- Moffat, Jay P.:
- Montague, F. Virginia, 246
- Moody, C. G., Jr., 373
- Moore, Adm., 562
- Morocco, 27, 37, 51
- Morris, Roger, 580
- Moss, Frank E., 520
- Mouvement National Congolais (MNC), 2
- Mouvement National Congolais-Kiwewa, 176
- Mouvement National Congolais-Lumumba (MNC-L), 145, 146
- Mouvement Populaire Congolais (MPC), 146
- Moyers, Bill, 476
- Mpolo, Maurice, 68, 72, 76, 99
- Mulamba, Col. Leonard, 163, 270, 456
- Mulcahy, Edward W., 312
- Mulele, Pierre, 27, 67, 79, 94, 182
- Mulroney, Michael, 30, 45, 46
- Mungul-Diaka, 502
- Munongo, Godefroid, 99, 189, 207, 227, 236, 313
- Murumbi, Joseph, 265, 267, 268, 269, 271, 307
- Muskie, Edmund, 520
- Mwamba, Remy, 114, 126
- MacArthur, Douglas, II:
-
- National Intelligence Estimates, NIE 65-68, “Prospects for the Congo,” 579
- National Security Action Memoranda, No. 97, “Use of U.S. Fighter Aircraft in the Congo,” 96
- National Security Council (NSC):
- Adoula Group coup planning (1962), 130
- CIA briefing papers, 7
- 5412 Committee, Elections (May 1960), 6
- Kasavubu/Lumumba government, 11
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 523
- Lumumba assassination plans, 1, 11
- Lumumba U.S. visa request, 25
- Mobutu coup (Sept. 1960), 31
- Simba Rebellion, 211, 298
- U.S. official Congo policy, 66
- Nbwera, 268
- Ndele, Albert, 113, 126, 208, 227, 414, 429
- Nendaka Bika, Victor:
- Gizenga imprisonment, 106, 108
- Mobutu coup (1965), 457
- Mobutu role in Adoula government, 113
- No confidence crisis (1962), 126
- Political reshuffling (1963), 139
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 436, 438, 439, 446, 448, 449, 451
- Simba Rebellion, 174, 208, 227, 236
- Tshombe government, 407, 414, 429, 433, 442
- Tshombe kidnapping, 503
- Neuman, R. H., 455
- Newsom, David D., 231, 235, 239, 312
- Ngalula Mpandajila, Joseph, 4
- Nigeria:
- Nitze, Paul, 509, 555
- Nkalufa, Lt. Col. Nonore, 446
- Nkrumah, Kwame, 7
- Nolting, Frederick, 61
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 61, 375, 382, 545
- Nyembo, 146
- Nyren, Albert V., 228
- Nzoigba, Col. David, 446
-
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission:
- Brubeck memoranda, 256
- Communiqué, 365
- Komer-Struelens discussions, 399
- Meetings (1965), 391, 393, 395, 406
- Proposals for, 243, 246, 248, 250, 251
- Rebel negotiation proposals, 337, 398
- Rusk memoranda, 257
- Tshombe government political situation and, 307
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 246, 252, 300
- U.S.-Congolese discussions, 281, 308
- U.S. delegation visit, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 269, 271, 277
- Oberbeck, Maj. Gen. Arthur W., 318
- Obote, Milton, 402, 404
- ODACID. See State, Department of
- Okito, Joseph, 68, 72, 76, 99
- Olds, Herbert V., 190
- Olenga, Lt. Gen. Nicholas, 214, 232, 233, 239, 278, 279, 344
- Onama, 402
- O’Neill, W. Paul, 307, 310, 481
- Opepe, Col., 304
- Organization of African Unity (OAU) (see also OAU Ad Hoc Commission), 190
- Osorio-Tafall, Bibiano, 172, 201, 214
- O’Sullivan, James L.:
- Ozzello, James, 183, 271
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission:
-
- Palmer, Joseph, II:
- Kisangani rebellion (1966), 474
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 495, 536, 537, 542, 545
- Mercenary evacuation, 541, 543, 556, 559, 562, 567, 568
- Mercenary presence in Angola, 481
- Mobutu regime:
- Simba Rebellion:
- African aid to Congo government, OAU discussions, 243, 246, 248
- African aid to rebels, 366
- Air operations restrictions, 290, 291, 295, 296, 297
- Belgian aid to Congo government, 244, 275
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 251, 257, 262, 263, 265, 267, 268, 269, 271
- Operation Dragon Rouge:
- Operations Dragon Blanc/Noir/Vert, 361, 363
- Rebel threats against U.S. citizens, 278, 279
- Reconciliation manifesto proposal, 317, 327
- Red Cross access, 310
- South African pilot project, 280, 281
- Stanleyville hostages, 258, 308
- Stanleyville radio air strike plans, 249
- UN Security Council response, 367, 378
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 286, 293
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 300
- U.S. propaganda campaigns, 259
- U.S.-rebel negotiations, 338, 340
- State Department internal conflicts, 256
- Tshombe extradition requests, 528, 537
- Tshombe government, 308
- Parker, James A., 478
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961) (see also Adoula government (1961-64)):
- Parrott, Thomas A., 12, 26, 38, 42, 84, 86, 88
- Parti de Reconstruction Nationale, 146
- Parti des Démocrates Chrétiens (PDC), 146
- Parti Solidaire Africain (PSA), 27, 145
- Pelcovits, Nathan, 271
- Peltier, Richard J., 456
- Penfield, James, 3, 36, 44, 52, 66
- Peters, Lt. Col., 503
- Peterson, Carl H., 259
- Pinzi, Arthur, 114
- Podgornov, 107, 113
- Pognon, Gratien, 269
- Pongo, Joseph, 190
- Pons, Michael, 487, 490
- Popper, David H., Mercenary evacuation, 559
- Portugal (see also Angola), 547, 579
- Post-Tshombe crisis (see also Mobutu coup (1965)), 446
- Pre-independence period, 2, 16
- Proctor, Carolyn J., 360
- PROP channel (see also Lumumba assassination plans), 24
- Puati, Lt. Col., 468
- Puttevils, 377
- Palmer, Joseph, II:
-
- Quimby, 572
-
- Raborn, Adm., 467, 472
- RADECO (Rassemblement Democratique Congolaise) (see also New party creation under Adoula government period political action operations), 167, 176, 194, 196, 240
- Ramsey, 206, 233, 259
- Read, Benjamin H., 264, 283, 298, 317, 493, 511
- Red Cross. See International Committee of the Red Cross.
- Reedy, George, 211, 354
- Releve group, 117
- Rendahl, John D., 381
- Reston, James (“Scotty”), 519
- Ridge, Thomas, 548
- Rikhye, Indar Jit, 40
- Roberto, Holden, 162, 163, 393, 579
- Rodriguez, Ramiro, 487
- Roosevelt, Archibald B., Jr., 498, 500, 564, 575
- Root, John F., 456, 477
- Ross, Claude G. A., 266
- Rostow, Eugene V., 507, 508, 509
- Rostow, Walt W.:
- Rothschild, Robert, 252, 276
- Rowan, Carl, 211, 221, 373
- Ruanda, 204
- Rubli, 266, 551
- Runyon, 290, 310, 331, 355, 491, 495
- Rush, Kenneth, 453
- Rusk, Dean:
- Adoula government, 130, 159, 160, 172
- Congo Working Group formation, 256
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government, 66, 71, 77
- Kisangani rebellion (1966), 475, 477, 478
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 506
- Mercenary evacuation, 534, 543, 552, 562, 567, 572
- Mercenary presence in Angola, 480, 547
- Mercenary presence in Congo, 257, 392, 406
- Mobutu coup (1965), 455, 456, 458
- Mobutu regime (see also U.S. aid to
Congolese Air Force under Mobutu regime below):
- Adoula meetings, 496
- African mercenary replacement proposals, 477
- Anti-Belgian demonstrations, 538, 539
- Belgian aid to, 479, 515
- Bomboko U.S. visit, 571
- Kimba coup plot, 471
- Political situation, 465
- Tshombe coup plots (1966), 468, 475
- Tshombe extradition requests, 512, 527, 528, 537
- Tshombe trial, 491
- U.S. military aid requests, 406, 479, 506, 507, 509
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 257
- Organization of African Unity, 190
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 435, 437, 438, 443
- Public opinion, 222
- Simba Rebellion, 172
- Aerial photography, 303
- African aid to Congo government, 179, 206, 213, 216, 225, 235, 243, 248
- African aid to rebels, 312, 367, 383, 392, 400
- Air operations restrictions, 290, 291, 293, 295, 297, 389
- Amnesty/trial policies, 355
- Belgian aid to Congo government, 200, 244, 275, 400
- Cease-fire proposals, 374, 378
- Dodds team rescue, 229, 230
- Ethiopian initiative proposals, 231
- European participation, 197, 383
- Mercenary force formation, 200, 203, 207, 236
- Napalm use proposals, 408
- NSC discussions, 211
- OAU rebel negotiation proposals, 398
- OCAM role, 400, 404
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 319, 325, 326, 329, 333, 346, 353
- Operations Dragon Blanc/Noir/Vert, 360, 361, 362, 363
- Reconciliation manifesto proposal, 317, 319, 327
- South African pilot project, 280
- Soviet aid to rebels, 367
- Stanleyville hostages:
- Stanleyville radio air strike plans, 249
- Uganda border conflict, 402, 404
- UN Security Council response, 367, 374, 378
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 212, 222, 275, 286, 288, 293, 392, 421
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 279, 300, 400
- U.S. military intervention possibilities, 225, 229, 230
- U.S. propaganda campaigns, 259
- U.S.-rebel negotiations, 336, 338, 340
- Tshombe government:
- Tshombe return to Léopoldville (1964), 181, 183
- UN operations in Katanga, 96
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force under Mobutu regime, 514, 530, 533, 535
- Russell, Richard, Jr., 247, 497, 511, 546
- Rwanda:
-
- Salans, Carl F., 495
- Samelenge, Lucas, 74
- Satterthwaite, Joseph C., 3, 4, 35, 55, 58
- Saunders, Harold H.:
- Schaufele, William E., Jr.:
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 495, 536, 537, 543
- Mercenary presence in Angola, 547
- Mobutu coup (1965), 456, 458
- Mobutu regime:
- Organization of African Unity, 190
- Simba Rebellion:
- African aid to Congo government, 243, 246
- Amnesty/trial policies, 355
- Belgian aid to Congo government, 275
- Maritime interdiction program, 427
- Military situation, 460
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 250, 257
- Reconciliation manifesto proposal, 327
- Stanleyville hostages, 201, 233, 304, 331
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 212, 421, 427
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 432
- Tshombe government, 423, 425, 427, 433
- Tshombe return to Léopoldville (1964), 183, 188
- Scheider, Joseph, 24, 28, 30, 32
- Scheyven, Louis, 313, 482, 550
- Schnittker, John A., 553
- Scholter, William H., 302
- Schramme, Maj. Jean (see also Kisangani rebellion (1967)), 534, 540, 544
- Schultze, Charles L., 501, 553
- Schyns, Charles, 543
- Scott, Joseph W., 42, 82, 104, 124, 127, 129
- Senegal, 226
- Sens, 238, 284
- Sidikou, Abdou, 572
- Silver bullets program. See U.S. covert support for Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government, army pay funding.
- Simba Rebellion (see also OAU Ad Hoc
Commission; U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during Simba Rebellion):
- Adoula leadership offer, 370
- African aid to Congo government:
- Ball memoranda, 174
- Brubeck memoranda, 199
- CIA papers, 219
- Godley-Kasavubu discussions, 215
- Harriman memoranda, 220, 226
- NSC discussions, 211
- OAU discussions, 226, 235, 243, 246, 248
- Read memoranda, 298
- Rusk memoranda, 179, 206, 213, 216, 225
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 204, 246
- Williams-Tshombe discussions, 224
- African aid to rebels (see also
Maritime interdiction program below):
- Air operations restrictions and, 389
- Fields memoranda, 386
- Harriman-McCone discussions, 385, 390
- Harriman-Tshombe discussions, 393
- McCone memoranda, 369
- Political settlement proposals and, 395
- Rusk-McCone discussions, 383, 392
- Rusk memoranda, 312
- Saunders memoranda, 403
- Special Group discussions, 373, 397
- State Department report, 366
- Uganda border conflict and, 402
- UN Security Council response and, 367, 375, 377
- U.S. aid policy and, 379, 388
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 400
- Air operations restrictions:
- Amnesty/trial policies, 355
- Belgian aid to Congo government:
- Brubeck memoranda, 199
- CIA papers, 219
- Harriman memoranda, 220
- JCS memoranda, 245
- MacArthur memoranda, 204
- Mercenary force formation and, 200, 204, 207, 215, 219
- NSC discussions, 211
- Rusk memoranda, 200, 244
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force and, 415, 427
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 173, 175, 193, 244, 252, 275, 276, 400, 410, 432
- Brubeck memoranda, 199, 209, 256
- Cease-fire proposals, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 384, 395
- Chinese People’s Republic role, 210, 211, 219, 231, 232, 367, 369, 385, 397, 403
- CIA-Congolese contact discussions, 202
- CIA papers, 219
- Dodds team rescue, 229, 230
- Ethiopian initiative proposals, 231
- European participation, 197, 199, 211, 220, 382, 383
- Harriman-McCone discussions, 385
- Harriman memoranda, 193
- JCS memoranda, 182, 245
- Johnson-Bundy discussions, 205
- Maritime interdiction program, 1
- Mercenary attack on Stanleyville:
- Mercenary force formation:
- Additional European mercenaries (1965), 390, 393
- CIA papers, 219, 223, 253
- Godley memoranda, 227
- Harriman memoranda, 220, 226
- Katgen repatriation, 189, 193
- Léopoldville Station evaluations, 208
- Léopoldville Station memoranda, 217
- Rowan memoranda, 221
- Rusk memoranda, 200, 236
- Special Group discussions, 232
- 303 Committee discussions, 218, 223
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 197, 199, 203, 204, 207
- U.S.-Congolese discussions, 215
- Mercenary operations (see also Mercenary attack on Stanleyville above), 292, 315, 413
- Military situation:
- Brubeck memoranda, 177, 209
- CIA papers, 219
- Fields memoranda, 415
- Harriman memoranda, 226
- Komer memoranda, 382, 384, 413
- Léopoldville Station evaluations, 194, 208
- McCone memoranda, 369
- Saunders memoranda, 403, 410
- Schaufele memoranda, 460
- Special Group discussions, 373
- 303 Committee memoranda, 462
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 313, 374
- Napalm use proposals, 399, 400, 408
- NATO discussions, 382
- NSC discussions, 211, 298
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission communiqué, 365
- OAU rebel negotiation proposals, 337, 398
- OCAM role, 398, 400, 404
- Operation Dragon Rouge:
- African responses, 332, 364, 365
- Ball meeting discussions, 342
- Ball memoranda, 316, 341
- Brubeck memoranda, 314, 315, 320
- Bundy memoranda, 322, 339
- Execution reports, 354, 357
- Execution sequence, 349
- Force withdrawal, 358
- Harriman memoranda, 323
- JCS memoranda, 335
- Johnson-Ball discussions, 343, 347, 352
- Johnson-McNamara discussions, 330
- Johnson-Rusk discussions, 336, 344
- Lang memoranda, 334
- MacArthur memoranda, 328
- McCafferty memoranda, 321
- McCone memoranda, 332
- Publicity, 359
- Rusk-Adoula discussions, 496
- Rusk memoranda, 319, 325, 326, 329, 333, 346, 353
- Tshombe letter of authorization, 341, 345
- UN notification, 348
- UN report, 356
- UN Security Council response, 367
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 313, 316, 319, 325, 326, 339, 346, 351, 356
- U.S. Strike Command memoranda, 309
- Wheeler memoranda, 318
- Operations Dragon Blanc/Noir/Vert, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363
- Political settlement proposals, 382, 384, 391, 395, 410
- Reconciliation manifesto proposal, 313, 317, 319, 320, 324, 327
- Rusk memoranda, 172
- South African military aid to Congo government, 215, 220, 274, 295, 299
- South African pilot project, 280, 281, 300, 308
- Soviet aid to rebels, 367, 369, 385
- Stanleyville hostages (see also
Operation Dragon Rouge above):
- Belk memoranda, 302
- Covert rescue operation proposals, 232, 255, 274, 284, 285, 301, 306
- Evacuation planning, 198, 214, 238, 260, 262
- Geneva Convention concilium appeal, 331
- Harriman memoranda, 311
- Mediation proposals, 234, 283
- Palmer-Godley discussions, 308
- Rebel threats against, 233, 239, 274, 278, 279, 283, 304
- Red Cross access and, 310
- UN appeal proposals, 242, 348
- UN negotiation proposals, 201
- U.S. air force aid stand-down and, 286, 287, 288, 289, 292, 293, 301
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 238, 258, 279, 282, 283, 300
- U.S.-Belgian contingency planning. See Operation Dragon Rouge above.
- U.S.-rebel communications, 214, 233
- Stanleyville radio air strike plans, 249
- Tshombe-Kanza rapprochement, 383
- Uganda border conflict, 398, 399, 402, 403, 404
- UN Security Council response (Dec. 1964), 367, 368, 374, 375, 377, 378, 391
- U.S. covert pacification program, 441
- U.S. Léopoldville personnel evacuation planning, 209, 210
- U.S. military intervention possibilities:
- U.S. propaganda campaigns, 218, 219, 245, 259
- U.S.-rebel negotiations, 336, 337, 338, 339, 350
- Van der Walle military plans, 220
- Western military intervention, 204, 220, 245, 298
- Singa, Alexandre, 502, 503
- Sisco, Joseph J.:
- Smith, Abbot, 332
- Smith, Bromley, 211, 321, 339
- Somalia, 511
- Soumialot, Gaston, 243, 292, 294
- South Africa (see also Mercenary force formation under Simba Rebellion; Mercenary presence in Congo):
- South Kasai secession, 67, 123
- Southern Rhodesia. See Mercenary force formation under Simba Rebellion; Mercenary presence in Congo.
- Soviet Union:
- Adoula government aid offers, 101, 107, 113, 114, 127
- Aid to Committee of National Liberation, 182
- Aid to Simba rebels, 367, 369, 385
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government and, 51
- Kasavubu/Lumumba government and, 1, 7
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 508, 538, 544
- Mobutu coup (1960) and, 21
- Mobutu regime and, 579
- Stanleyville government and, 47, 51, 79
- Spaak, Paul-Henri (see also U.S.-Belgian
consultations):
- Adoula government, 159, 163, 172, 175
- Mobutu coup (1965), 458
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 435, 437
- Simba Rebellion:
- Belgian aid, 173, 197, 199, 204, 276, 410
- Cease-fire proposals, 374, 377
- European participation, 382
- Mercenary force formation, 203
- Napalm use proposals, 400
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 252
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 313, 314, 319, 325, 326, 328, 346, 351, 352, 356
- Operations Dragon Blanc/Noir/Vert, 360, 361
- Reconciliation manifesto proposal, 313
- UN Security Council response, 367, 374
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 300, 400
- U.S.-rebel negotiations, 338
- Tshombe government, 372, 423
- Tshombe return to Léopoldville (1964), 188
- Special Group (see also
303 Committee):
- Adoula government, U.S. political action operations, 100, 142, 143, 169
- African hostility toward Tshombe government, 373, 397
- Documents not declassified, 34, 147
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government:
- Kasavubu/Lumumba government political action operations, 12
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), U.S. political action operations, 82, 83, 86
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force, 1, 125, 127, 168, 178, 232, 373
- U.S. covert operations authorization, 1
- Special National Intelligence Estimates, SNIE 65-64, “Short-term Prospects for the Tshombe Government in the Congo,” 195
- Stanleyville government (1960-61):
- State, Department of (see also Special Group; specific people):
- Stearns, 444, 458
- Stebbins, Henry E., 567
- Stennis, John C., 247
- Stevenson, Adlai E., III, 242
- Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 456, 508, 515, 559
- Straus, Richard, 291, 571
- Strong, Curtis C.:
- Struelens, Michel:
- Sudan:
-
- Tanzania, 393
- Tasca, Henry J.:
- Adoula government, 129, 175
- Simba Rebellion:
- African aid to Congo government, 179, 206, 213, 216
- Mercenary force formation, 197, 200, 207, 236
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 307
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 313
- Stanleyville hostages, 201, 233, 234, 238, 239, 304
- Uganda border conflict, 402
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 222
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 300
- U.S. propaganda campaigns, 259
- Tshombe return to Léopoldville (1964), 188
- UNOC withdrawal, 172
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force, 133, 222
- Taylor, Adm., 492, 497, 500
- Taylor, Jacquelyn, 356
- Telli, Diallo, 307, 337, 340, 393
- Thirkield, Ben, 456
- Thompson, Llewellyn E., 185, 237, 254, 313, 486, 509
- Thoreson, Thomas A., 179
- 303 Committee, 1
- Tienken, Arthur T., 174, 179, 556, 572
- Timberlake, Clare H.:
- Torbert, Tully, 511
- Touamayan, Alec, 496
- Traditional Chiefs Organization (TCO), 145
- Trimble, Phillip, 453, 456, 465, 477, 478, 506, 547
- Tshombe, Moise (see also Katanga; Tshombe
government):
- Adoula government role, 117, 163, 181
- Congolese National Army role, 253
- Coup plots (1966), 468, 470, 474, 475, 487, 490
- Dismissal of (see also Post-Tshombe crisis), 435, 436
- Exile of, 162, 163, 165
- Extradition requests, 508, 512, 527, 528, 537
- Kanza rapprochement (1965), 383
- Katanga secession, 7
- Kidnapping of, 502, 503
- Léopoldville talks (1962), 114, 119
- Lumumba execution, 99
- Lumumba imprisonment, 56
- Lumumba-Kasavubu conflict (Sept. 1960), 17
- Mobutu coup (1965), 452, 453
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 262, 281, 406
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), 87, 92
- Political situation (1965), 414, 416, 418, 419, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428
- Post-dismissal political impasse role, 436, 439, 443, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449
- Prime Minister appointment, 1
- Return to Léopoldville of (1964), 181, 182, 183, 184, 188
- Simba Rebellion, 219
- African aid to Congo government, 215, 243, 246, 248
- Air operations restrictions, 291, 292, 294, 295, 297, 299, 301, 308
- Cease-fire proposals, 375, 377
- Congolese Air Force pilot project, 281, 308
- Mercenary force formation, 189, 193, 207, 215, 393
- Napalm use proposals, 400
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 313, 341, 345, 353
- Reconciliation manifesto proposal, 320
- Stanleyville hostages, 262, 266, 283
- UN Security Council response, 367, 377, 378, 391
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 273, 294, 421
- Spaak meetings, 372
- Trial of, 491, 493
- U.S. covert support proposals (June-July 1964), 182, 187, 188
- U.S. visit proposal (Dec. 1964), 367, 368
- U.S. visit proposal (Jan. 1965), 380
- Tshombe government (1964-65) (see also African hostility toward Tshombe
government; Post-Tshombe crisis; Simba Rebellion; Tshombe government
period political action operations):
- Belgian-Congolese meetings, 372
- Belgian financial settlement (1965), 399, 469
- Cardoso embezzlement scandal, 399, 401
- CIA-Congolese contact discussions, 192
- Devlin contacts, 191, 192
- Election planning (1964-65):
- Adoula views, 370
- Ball memoranda, 395
- CIA-Congolese contact discussions, 394
- Harriman-Tshombe discussions, 393
- Komer-Struelens discussions, 399
- Léopoldville Station memoranda, 371
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission communiqué, 365
- Reconciliation manifesto proposal and, 313
- Tshombe speech (Jan. 1965), 391
- U.S.-rebel negotiations on, 338
- Elections (Mar.-Apr. 1965), 401, 405, 407, 409, 411, 412, 413, 416
- Formation of, 189
- Harriman memoranda, 189
- Harriman-Tshombe meetings, 393
- Mercenary repatriation, 189, 193
- Mobutu role, 189, 193, 194, 253
- Political situation (see also
Tshombe government period political action operations):
- Adoula views, 370
- CIA analyses, 407, 417
- CIA-Congolese contact discussions, 217, 419, 422
- CIA papers, 253
- Harriman memoranda, 193
- Kasavubu speech (June 1965), 416
- Komer memoranda, 424
- Léopoldville Station evaluations, 194
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission role, 307
- RADECO, 240
- Rusk memoranda, 414, 418, 423, 425
- Saunders memoranda, 428
- Special National Intelligence Estimates, 195
- Tshombe dismissal (see also Post-Tshombe crisis), 435, 436
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 308, 404, 418, 423, 435
- Rothschild detail, 252
- Saunders-Struelens discussions, 401
- Tshombe U.S. visit proposal (Dec. 1964), 367, 368
- Tshombe U.S. visit proposal (Jan. 1965), 380
- Tutsi expulsion, 228
- U.S. civil rights movement views on, 380, 393, 399
- U.S. covert support (1965), 383
- U.S. covert tribal leader contributions, 209, 218, 219, 223, 241, 301
- U.S. military aid:
- U.S. relations with, 191
- U.S. subsidies to Mobutu during, 227, 442
- Tshombe government period political action operations:
- Ball memoranda, 433
- CIA memoranda, 417, 420, 429
- Elections (Mar.-Apr. 1965), 401, 405, 407, 409, 411, 412, 413
- Jessup memoranda, 431
- Léopoldville Station evaluations, 430, 434
- Mobutu subsidy program and, 442
- State-CIA discussions, 427
- Termination of, 466
- 303 Committee discussions, 218, 430
- Waller memoranda, 241
- Tubby, Roger W., 552, 555
- Tunisia, 27
- Tweedy, Bronson:
- Adoula government:
- Elections (May 1960), 3, 4
- Gizenga removal proposals, 106, 108
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government:
- Kasavubu/Lumumba government, 9
- Lumumba assassination plans, 1, 24, 28, 30, 32, 33, 43, 46
- Lumumba-Kasavubu conflict (Sept. 1960), 20
- Mobutu coup (1960), 35
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), 82, 85, 86, 89
- Soviet aid to Stanleyville government, 79
- United Nations Operation in the Congo, 112
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force, 133
- Twining, 401
- Tyler, William R., 159, 160, 173, 181, 280
-
- U Thant, 119, 216
- Uganda:
- Union Minière, 3, 581
- Union of Angolan Peoples (UPA), 145
- United Arab Republic (UAR):
- United Front, 145
- United Nations (UN) (see also United
Nations Operation in the Congo):
- General Assembly Resolutions, Resolution 1601 (XV), 81, 100
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 508, 511, 517, 536, 537, 539, 560
- Lumumba execution investigation, 74, 81, 99
- Mercenary presence in Angola, 480, 481
- Mercenary presence in Congo, 374, 377, 378, 517
- Mobutu coup (Sept. 1960) and, 37
- Resolution 241, “Question concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo,” 560
- Security Council Resolutions:
- Resolution 145, “The Congo Question,” 367
- Resolution 169, “The Congo Question,” 101, 216
- Resolution 199, “Question concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo,” 378
- Resolution 239, “Question concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo,” 517
- Resolution 266, “Question concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo,” 481
- Simba Rebellion, 216
- United Nations Operation in the Congo (UNOC):
- CIA briefing papers, 7
- Congolese National Army retraining and, 158
- Economic programs, 101
- Gizenga imprisonment and, 108
- Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government and, 40, 43, 53, 66, 67
- Kasavubu/Lumumba government on, 11
- Katanga operations, 96, 100, 101, 112, 119
- Katanga reconciliation plan, 123
- Lumumba-Kasavubu conflict (Sept. 1960) and, 15, 16, 18
- Mobutu coup (1960) and, 21, 22, 31, 51
- Mobutu on, 103, 107, 112
- Tshombe Léopoldville talks (1962), 114
- U.S. official Congo policy on, 66, 67, 100, 101, 103, 112, 119
- Withdrawal of, 160, 165, 168, 170, 172, 182
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during Simba Rebellion (see also Air operations restrictions under Simba Rebellion), 1
- Aerial photography, 303
- African aid to rebels and, 386
- CIA papers, 219
- Combat participation, 178, 180
- Fields memoranda, 272, 415
- Harriman memoranda, 226
- JCS memoranda, 379
- Johnson-McCone discussions, 247
- Public opinion, 222
- Read memoranda, 298
- Rusk-McCone discussions, 392
- Rusk memoranda, 212, 222, 421
- South African pilot project and, 280, 281
- Special Group discussions, 373
- Stand-down (Oct. 1964), 286, 287, 288, 289, 292, 293, 301
- Stanleyville hostages and. See Stand-down (Oct. 1964) above
- State-CIA discussions, 427
- 303 Committee discussions, 254, 440
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 275, 287
- U.S.-Congolese discussions, 215, 273, 401
- Waller memoranda, 232
- Williams memoranda, 270
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force under Adoula government:
- Airborne gendarme unit, 125
- Bross memoranda, 141
- Brubeck memoranda, 166
- CIA papers, 127, 130, 138, 168, 171
- Combat participation, 168, 178, 180
- Covert CIA pilot program, 124, 138
- Harriman memoranda, 161
- Harriman visit discussions, 162, 164
- Léopoldville Station evaluations, 126
- NSC discussions, 165
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 163
- Wellborn memoranda, 133
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force under Mobutu regime:
- Covert CIA pilot program, 544, 564, 575
- Defense Department report, 526
- Greenleaf memoranda, 472
- Humphrey-Mobutu discussions, 569
- Johnson-McBride discussions, 566
- Johnson-Rusk discussions, 527
- Kisangani rebellion (1966) and, 484
- Komer memoranda, 463
- McBride memoranda, 513, 516, 523, 525, 529, 531, 535, 554, 565
- Mercenary evacuation and, 544, 554, 555, 556, 558, 564
- Read memoranda, 511
- Walt Rostow-McConnell discussions, 510
- Walt Rostow memoranda, 507, 519, 521
- Eugene Rostow memoranda, 508
- Rusk memoranda, 514, 530, 533, 535, 554
- 303 Committee discussions, 462, 464, 467, 473, 476, 483, 486, 492, 497, 500, 546
- U.S.-Belgian consultations, 511, 515
- Withdrawal of, 565, 566, 575
- U.S.-Belgian consultations:
- Adoula government political situation, 163, 175, 188
- Belgian aid to Mobutu regime, 469
- Congolese National Army retraining, 159, 163
- Kisangani rebellion (1967), 515, 542, 545, 548
- Mercenary evacuation, 550, 568
- Mercenary presence in Congo, 300
- Mobutu coup (1965), 458
- Mobutu regime, 482, 511, 515
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 435, 437
- Rothschild detail to Tshombe government, 252
- Simba Rebellion:
- African aid to Congo government, 204, 246
- Belgian aid to Congo government, 173, 175, 193, 244, 252, 275, 276, 400, 410, 432
- European participation, 197, 382, 383
- Mercenary force formation, 197, 199, 203, 204, 207
- Military situation, 313, 374
- Napalm use proposals, 400
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, 246, 252, 300
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 313, 316, 319, 325, 326, 339, 346, 351, 356
- Political settlement proposals, 395
- South Africa pilot project, 300
- Stanleyville hostages, 238, 258, 279, 282, 283, 300
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 275, 287
- Western military intervention, 204
- Tshombe government political situation, 308, 404, 418, 423, 435
- UNOC withdrawal, 172
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force, 163, 275, 287, 511, 515
- U.S. covert aid to Mobutu regime, 1
- U.S. covert operations in Congo (see also
Lumumba assassination plans; Maritime interdiction program under Simba Rebellion; Mobutu subsidy
program; Political action operations; U.S. covert aid to Mobutu
regime; U.S. covert support for Kasavubu/College of Commissioners
government):
- Adoula government support, 1, 94, 95, 103, 107, 114, 115
- Gizenga removal proposals, 106, 108
- Initial planning, 1
- Long-range planning, 95, 97
- Lumumba-Kasavubu conflict (Sept. 1960) and, 13, 16, 19, 29, 101
- Mobutu coup (Sept. 1960) and, 1, 19, 23, 29, 101, 103
- Pacification program, 441
- Pre-independence period, 16
- Publicity policy, 185
- Special Group authorization, 1
- Tribal leader contributions, 138, 209, 218, 219, 223, 241, 301
- Tshombe government support (1965), 383
- U.S. covert support for Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government:
- U.S. economic aid to Congo:
- U.S. Information Agency (USIA), 259
- U.S. military aid to Congo:
- U.S. official Congo policy:
- U.S. political action operations (see also
Adoula government period political action operations;
Kasavubu/College of Commissioners government period political action
operations; Tshombe government period political action operations;
U.S. covert aid to Mobutu regime):
- CIA paper, 5
- Elections (Mar.-Apr. 1965), 401, 405, 407, 409, 411, 412, 413, 416
- Elections (May 1960), 3, 4, 5, 6, 16
- Kasavubu/Lumumba government, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 19
- Mobutu regime, 573
- Overview, 1
- Parliamentary elections (Aug. 1961), 1, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 94, 101
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 450
- Pre-independence period, 2
- U.S. presidential elections (1964), 263
- U.S. Strike Command (CINCSTRIKE) (see also Joint Chiefs of Staff):
- Usher, Arsene Assouan, 374, 375
-
- Valenti, Jack, 211, 354
- Van Baalen, 72
- Van Bilsen, 313
- Van der Stock, Roger, 72
- Van der Straten-Waillet, Baron, 550
- Van Der Walle, Col. Fredrik:
- Mercenary attack on Stanleyville, 313, 320, 336, 339, 340, 344, 353
- Mercenary force formation, 204, 207, 220, 226, 236
- Military situation, 374
- Mobutu relations with, 400
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 333
- Simba Rebellion mercenary operations, 292
- U.S. air force aid stand-down, 287
- U.S. military intervention possibilities, 301
- Van Dyk, 569
- Vance, Cyrus:
- Vietnam War, 523
-
- Wachuku, 179
- Wadsworth, James J., 38
- Walker, Peter C., 478
- Waller, John H.:
- Wallner, 129
- Walsh, 444, 453
- Wellborn, Alfred T., 104, 129, 133, 136, 151
- Wells, H. Bartlett, 120, 236
- Wheeler, Gen. Earle G.:
- Willems, Leonard F., 312
- Williams, Col., 208, 427
- Williams, G. Mennen “Soapy”:
- Adoula government, 104, 125, 127, 129, 130, 160, 164, 169
- Elections (Mar.-Apr. 1965), 409, 413
- Mobutu coup (1965), 458, 461
- Organization of African Unity, 190
- Post-Tshombe crisis, 435, 437, 438, 443, 444, 446, 447
- Simba Rebellion:
- African aid to Congo government, 213, 220, 224, 235, 248
- African aid to rebels, 386
- Amnesty/trial policies, 355
- Belgian aid to Congo government, 173, 244
- Maritime interdiction program, 427
- Mercenary force formation, 197, 200, 203
- Military situation, 460
- OAU Ad Hoc Commission, U.S. delegation visit, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 271
- Operation Dragon Rouge, 313, 325, 329, 336, 342, 346
- Rebel threats against U.S. citizens, 279
- Reconciliation manifesto proposal, 327
- Stanleyville hostages, 260, 266, 331, 336
- UN Security Council response, 367
- U.S. aid to Congolese Air Force during, 212, 270, 287, 386, 415
- U.S.-rebel negotiations, 340
- State Department internal conflicts, 256
- Tshombe government, 196, 224, 226, 372, 414, 425, 426
- Tshombe return to Léopoldville (1964), 181
- U.S. covert operations long-range planning, 97
- WIROGUE, 50
- World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), 580