Office of the Historian

Persons

    • Aaron, David L., President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs
    • Agah, Manucher, Chargé d’Affaires of the Iranian Embassy in the United States
    • Aguilar, Andres, Venezuelan Ambassador to the United States and Permanent Representative to the United Nations; former Justice Minister of Venezuela; Co-Chairman of the Commission of Inquiry established February 1980
    • Ahmad, Rafiuddin (Rafi, Rafiq), Chef de Cabinet (Executive Secretary) to United Nations Secretary General
    • Albright, Madeleine,Congressional Relations Officer, National Security Council Staff, from March 1978
    • Ames, Robert C.,National Intelligence Officer for Near East and South Asia, Central Intelligence Agency
    • Amini, Ali, former Prime Minister of Iran
    • Arafat, Yasir, head, Palestine Liberation Organization
    • Armao, Robert,U.S. public relations consultant; aide to former Vice President Nelson Rockefeller; adviser to the former Shah of Iran
    • Ashraf, Princess, twin sister of the Shah of Iran
    • al-Assad, Hafez,President of Syria
    • Atherton, Alfred L. Jr. (Roy), U.S. Ambassador to Egypt from July 2, 1979
    • Atwood, J. Brian, Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs from August 3, 1979, until January 14, 1981
    • Aubert, Pierre, Swiss Foreign Minister
    • Baker, Howard H., Jr., Senator (R-Tennessee)
    • Bakhtiar, Shahpur, Iranian Prime Minister from January 4, 1979, until February 11, 1979; head of the National Resistance Movement of Iran in Paris
    • Ball, George, Under Secretary of State from December 1961 until September 30, 1966
    • Bani-Sadr, Abol Hassan, Acting Iranian Foreign Minister from November 1979; member, Revolutionary Council; President of Iran from January 25, 1980, until June 22, 1981
    • Bartholomew, Reginald, Deputy Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from January until November 1977; member, National Security Council Staff for USSR/East Europe, from November 1977 until April 1979; Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from July 1979
    • Bayh, Birch, Senator (D-Indiana); Chairman, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
    • Bazargan, Mehdi, Iranian Prime Minister until November 6, 1979; member, Revolutionary Council
    • Beckwith, Charlie, Colonel, USA; Commander, Delta Force, Fort Bragg; Commander, Special Forces Operational Division, Masirah
    • Bedjaoui, Mohammed, Algerian Permanent Representative to the United Nations and former Algerian Minister of Justice; Co-Chairman of the February 1980 Commission of Inquiry
    • Beheshti (Behesti), Ayatollah Seyed Mohammad, Vice Chairman, Council of Experts; member, Revolutionary Council; leader of the Iranian Republic Party; President of Iran, September 1980
    • Benyahia, Mohammed Seddik, Algerian Foreign Minister
    • Bergland, Robert S., Secretary of Agriculture from January 23, 1977
    • Blackwill, Robert D., member, National Security Council Staff for Western Europe from September 1979 until January 1981
    • Blumenthal, W. Michael, Secretary of the Treasury from January 23, 1977, until July 19, 1979
    • Bourguet, Christian, French lawyer; referred to as one of the “two Frenchmen,” “French lawyers,” “French connections,” “French friends,” or B in “V&B” or “B&V”
    • Bowdler, William G., Director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, from April 1978 until December 1979
    • Bowen, David R., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D-Mississippi)
    • Brement, Marshall, member, National Security Council Staff for USSR/East Europe from May 1979 until January 1981
    • Bremer, L. Paul, Deputy Executive Secretary, Department of State
    • Brewster, Kingman, Jr., U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom
    • Brezhnev, Leonid I., General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
    • Briggs, Everett E., Director, Office of Mexican Affairs, Bureau of Inter-American Affairs, Department of State
    • Broomfield, William S., member, U.S. House of Representatives (R-Michigan)
    • Brown, Harold, Secretary of Defense
    • Brunner, Edouard, senior Swiss Foreign Ministry official responsible for the Middle East
    • Brzezinski, Zbigniew, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
    • Byrd, Robert, Senator (D-West Virginia); Senate Majority Leader
    • Caddell, Patrick, public opinion pollster
    • Caldwell, Lee, Federal Bureau of Investigation
    • Capucci, Hilarion, Syrian Archbishop of the Basilian Aleppian Order
    • Carlucci, Frank, Deputy Director of Central Intelligence
    • Carrington, Right Honorable Lord (Peter), Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, United Kingdom
    • Carswell, Robert, Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
    • Carter, Billy, brother of Jimmy Carter
    • Carter, Hodding, III, Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs and Spokesman of the Department of State
    • Carter, Jimmy, President from 1977 until 1981
    • Carter, Rosalynn, wife of President Carter
    • Castenada, Jorge, Mexican Foreign Minister
    • Chamran, Mustafa Ali, Iranian Deputy Prime Minister for Revolutionary Affairs from April 1979 until September 1979; National Defense Minister from September 1979 until September 1980
    • Chatti, Habib, Secretary General of the Islamic Conference from 1979
    • Christopher, Warren, Deputy Secretary of State; Interim Acting Secretary of State from April until May 1980
    • Church, Frank, Senator (D-Idaho); Chairman, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, from January 1979 until January 1981
    • Civiletti, Benjamin R., Attorney General from August 16, 1979, until January 20, 1981
    • Clark, Joe, Canadian Prime Minister
    • Clark, Ramsey, former U.S. Attorney General; emissary to Iran November 1979
    • Clarke, Bruce M., Deputy Director, National Foreign Assessment Center, Central Intelligence Agency
    • Claytor, W. Graham, Deputy Secretary of Defense
    • Clement, Carl, Deputy Director of the Office of Iranian Affairs, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, and member, Iran Working Group, Department of State
    • Clift, A. Denis, Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs
    • Cogan, Charles G., Chief, Near East and South Asia Division, Directorate of Operations, Central Intelligence Agency
    • Constable, Peter, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, and member, Iran Working Group
    • Cordovez, Diego, Secretary of the UN Commission of Inquiry
    • Cooper, Richard N., Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs
    • Cossiga, Francesco, Italian Prime Minister from 1979 until 1980
    • Cottam, Richard, Professor of Political Science, University of Pittsburg; unofficial/private liaison with Foreign Minister Ghotbzadeh
    • Cutler, Lloyd, White House Counsel from October 1, 1979, until November 30, 1980; unpaid consultant on hostage negotiations and Presidential papers, December 1980 until January 1981
    • Daoudi, Adib, Foreign Affairs Adviser to President Hafez al-Assad of Syria; Member of the UN Commission of Inquiry
    • Davis, Richard, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Operations
    • Deal, Tim, National Security Council Staff member for International Economics
    • Dean, John G., U.S. Ambassador to Lebanon
    • DeBakey, Michael, heart surgeon
    • Dembri, Mohammed Salah, Director General of the Algerian Foreign Ministry
    • Denend, Leslie G., Special Assistant to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from January 1980 until January 1981
    • Diba, Farah, wife of the Shah of Iran
    • Djam (Jam), Fereidyun, General, head of the Iranian Imperial Army Corps under the Shah; opposition leader in exile
    • Dobrynin, Anatoly, Soviet Ambassador to the United States
    • Donovan, Hedley, Senior Advisor to President Carter from 1979 until 1980
    • Draper, Morris, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Department of State
    • Dubs, Adolph H., U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan from July 1978 until his murder on February 14, 1979
    • Duncan, Charles, Secretary of Energy from August 24, 1979, until January 20, 1981
    • Dustin, Eben H., Director of Medical Services, Department of State
    • Dworkin, Douglas A., Special Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of State
    • Eizenstat, Stuart E., Executive Director, White House Domestic Policy Staff and Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy
    • Entezam, Abas Amir, Iranian Deputy Prime Minister 1979 from February 1979 until August 1979; Iranian Ambassador to Sweden from August 1979 until December 1979; arrested and imprisoned in December 1979
    • Ermarth, Fritz, member, National Security Council Staff for Defense Coordination, September 1978
    • Escobar Bethancourt, Romulo, Chief Adviser to Panamanian Military Leader Omar Torrijos
    • Escudero, Stanley T., Office of United Nations Political Affairs, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Department of State
    • Eshraghi, Ayatollah Shahab, son-in-law of the Ayatollah Khomeini
    • Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud, Crown Prince; Saudi Minister of the Interior and Second Deputy Prime Minister
    • Falk, Richard, Professor of International Law, Princeton University; unofficial/private liaison with the Iranian Revolutionary Government
    • Fara Diba, Shahbanou, wife of the Shah of Iran
    • Farhang, Mansour, Cultural Attaché of the Iranian Embassy in the United States; Iranian Ambassador to the United Nations from December 1979
    • Fascell, Dante B., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D-Florida)
    • Findley, Paul, member, U.S. House of Representatives (R-Illinois)
    • Fish, Hamilton, member, U.S. House of Representatives (R-New York)
    • Fisher, Roger, Professor and Director of the Harvard Negotiation Project
    • François-Poncet, Jean, French Foreign Minister
    • Friendly, Alfred, Jr., Press Officer and Associate Press Secretary, National Security Council Staff, from March 1980 until January 1981
    • Funk, Gerald, member, National Security Council Staff for Sub-Saharan Africa from December 1978 until January 1981
    • Gast, Philip C., Major General, USAF; former chief of U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group in Iran; member, Joint Task Force
    • Gates, Robert, Special Assistant to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from April 1979 until December 1979; National Intelligence Officer for the Soviet Union, Central Intelligence Agency, from January 1980
    • Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, German Foreign Minister
    • Ghorbal, Ashraf, Egyptian Ambassador to the United States
    • Ghotbzadeh (Qotbzadeh), Sadegh, member, Iranian Revolutionary Council; Iranian Foreign Minister from November 28, 1979, until August 1980
    • Gilman, Benjamin A., member, U.S. House of Representatives (R-New York)
    • Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, President of France
    • Goldwater, Barry, Senator (R-Arizona); Vice Chairman, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
    • Gonzales, Felipe, Secretary General of the Spanish Socialists’ Party from 1979
    • Gonzales, Rory (Rori), Panamanian businessman
    • Gorman, Paul, General, USA; Director for Plans and Policy, Joint Staff
    • Graham, Sir John, U.K. Ambassador to Iran
    • Green, M., Office of Research and Analysis for Near East and South Asia, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State
    • Gregg, Donald, member, National Security Council Staff for Intelligence Coordination from June 1979
    • Griffith, William E., Special Adviser to Zbigniew Brzezinski on Soviet affairs
    • Gromyko, Andrei A., Soviet Foreign Minister
    • Grummon, Stephen R., Office of Research and Analysis for Near East and South Asia, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State
    • Guyer, Tennyson, member, U.S. House of Representatives (R-Ohio)
    • Habibi, Hassan, Spokesman for the Revolutionary Council, Iranian presidential candidate, and Member of Parliament
    • Haig, Alexander M., General, USA; Senior Military Adviser to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs, June 1969 until June 1970; President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs, June 1970 until January 1973; Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff, August 1973 until August 1974
    • Hanni al-Hasan, Political Adviser to Yassir Arafat; envoy to Tehran from the Palestine Liberation Organization
    • Hansen, George, member, U.S. House of Representatives (R-Idaho)
    • Hanson, Thor, Vice Admiral, Director of the Joint Staff from June 1979 until June 1981
    • Harriman, W. Averell, U.S. statesman
    • Harris, George S., Director, Office of Research and Analysis for Near East and South Asia, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State
    • Hartman, Arthur A., U.S. Ambassador to France
    • Hashemi, Cyrus, liaison with Qom and Admiral Madani; intermediary for Reza Pasimdideh (nephew of Khomeini)
    • al-Hassan, Khalid, senior Fatah adviser, Palestine Liberation Organization representative in Tehran
    • Hayward, Thomas D., Admiral, USN; Chief of Naval Operations
    • Heikal (Heykal), Mohammed, Egyptian journalist, editor of al-Ahram from 1957 until 1974
    • Helman, Gerald, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Political and Multilateral Affairs, Bureau of International Organization Affairs
    • Helms, Richard, Director of Central Intelligence from 1966 until February 1973; U.S. Ambassador to Iran from 1973 until 1977; international consultant
    • Henderson, Sir Nicholas, U.K. Ambassador to the United States
    • Henze, Paul B., member, National Security Council Staff for Intelligence Coordination, for Cyprus/Turkey/Greece, for Horn of Africa, and for international broadcasting, from January 1977
    • Hinton, Deane R., Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs
    • Hoffman, John, partner, Shearman & Sterling, New York
    • Holloway, James L., III, Admiral, USN; Chairman, Special Operations Review Group
    • Hunter, Robert, member, National Security Council Staff for Western Europe from January 1977 until August 1979
    • Hussein (Husayn) ibn Talal, King of Jordan
    • Hussein, Saddam, President of Iraq
    • Huyser, Robert, General, USAF; head, military mission to Iran, January-February 1979
    • Illueca, Jorge, Panamanian Ambassador to the United Nations
    • Inman, Bobby Ray, Admiral, USN; Director of the National Security Agency from July 1977 until February 12, 1981
    • Jackson, Henry (Scoop), Senator (D-Washington)
    • Jackson, William, lawyer to the Shah of Iran in exile
    • Javits, Jacob K., Senator (R-New York); ranking Republican member of Senate Foreign Relations Committee
    • Jayewardene, Harry, member of the United Nations Subcommission on the Prevention of Discrimination and the Protection of Minorities and close adviser to his brother, Sri Lankan President J.R. Jayewardene; Sri Lankan Representative to the United Nations; member of the Commission of Inquiry established February 1980
    • John Paul II, (Karol Józef Wojtyla) Pope from October 16, 1978
    • Johnson, Mark, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs and Member, Iran Working Group, Department of State
    • Jones, David C., General, USAF; Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff from June 1978
    • Jordan, Hamilton (Ham), White House Chief of Staff from July 1979 until June 1980
    • Kaiser, Marcus, Charge d’Affaires of the Swiss Embassy in Iran
    • Kalaris, George T., Special Assistant for Counter Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency
    • Katz, Julius L., Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs from September 26, 1976, until November 29, 1979
    • Kean, Benjamin, Jr., specialist in tropical diseases, New York Hospital; doctor for the Shah in exile
    • Kennedy, Edward M., Senator (D-Massachusetts); 1980 Presidential candidate
    • Keough, Katherine, wife of hostage William Keough
    • Khalid bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia from 1975 until 1982
    • Khalil, Mustafa, Egyptian Prime Minister
    • Khalkhali, Ayatollah Sadegh, Chief Justice of the Iranian Revolutionary Courts; presumed organizer of the Embassy takeover
    • Khodapanahi (Ghodapanahi), Mohammed Karim, Iranian Foreign Minister from August 1980 until March 11, 1981
    • Khoeini (Khoeni), Ayatollah Mohammed Moussavi, spiritual adviser to the students holding the Embassy; liaison between the students and the Ayatollah Khomeini; Deputy Speaker of the Majles, 1980
    • Khomeini, Ahmad, son of the Ayatollah Khomeini
    • Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, Imam, Supreme Leader of Iran from February 11, 1979
    • Khomeini, Houssein, grandson of the Ayatollah Khomeini
    • Kirbo, Charles, friend of President Carter
    • Kissinger, Henry A., former President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from January 1969 until November 1975; Secretary of State from September 1973 until January 1977
    • Klutznick, Phillip, Secretary of Commerce from January 9, 1980, until January 20, 1981
    • Komer, Robert, Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
    • Kreisberg, Paul H., staff member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State
    • Kreisky, Bruno, Chancellor of Austria
    • Krys, Sheldon J., Executive Director, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Department of State
    • Kyle, James, Colonel, USAF; Deputy Commander of the Joint Task Force Fixed Wing Air Operations at Masirah
    • Laingen, L. Bruce, Charge d’Affaires, U.S. Embassy in Tehran; hostage
    • Lake, Anthony (Tony), Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State
    • Lake, William T., Office of the Legal Adviser, Department of State
    • Lambsdorff, Otto, German Minister of Economics
    • Lang, Erik, Swiss Ambassador to Iran
    • Larrabee, Stephen, member, National Security Council Staff for USSR/East Europe from September 1978
    • Lewis, Gabriel, Panamanian Ambassador to the United States from 1977 until 1978; Panamanian businessman
    • Lewis, Samuel W., U.S. Ambassador to Israel
    • Long, Robert L.J., Admiral, USN; Commander in Chief Pacific from 1979 until 1983
    • López Portillo, José, President of Mexico
    • Madani, Ahmad, Admiral, former Governor-General of Khuzestan Province and Commander of the Iranian Navy
    • Magee, Robert W., Acting Chief, Near East and South Asia Division, Directorate of Operations, Central Intelligence Agency
    • al-Mahdi, Sadiq, Sudanese religious and political figure; former Prime Minister from 1966 until 1967; head of the national Umma Party; and head of the Ansar Sufi sect
    • Maraghei, Moghadam, Azeri leader and head of the Radical Movement
    • Mark, David, Deputy Director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State
    • Marwan, Ashraf, son-in-law of Gamal Abdel Nasser
    • Mathias, Charles, Senator (R-Maryland)
    • Matin-Daftari, Hedayatollah, leader, National Democratic Front
    • Maynes, Charles W., Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs
    • McBride, Sean, former Irish Foreign Minister; former head of Amnesty International
    • McCloy, John J., banker, lawyer, Presidential adviser
    • McGiffert, David, Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs from 1977
    • McIntyre, James T., Jr., Director, Office of Management and Budget
    • McHenry, Donald, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations
    • McMahon, John D., Deputy Director for Operations, Central Intelligence Agency, from January 11, 1978
    • Miller, G. William, Secretary of the Treasury from August 6, 1979
    • Milam, William B., Deputy Director, Office of Monetary Affairs, Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, Department of State
    • Miller, William G., Staff Director, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence; emissary to Iran, November 1979
    • Mondale, Walter F. (Fritz), Vice President
    • Montazeri, Ayatollah Houssein, head of the Iranian Revolutionary Council, November 1979
    • Moore, Frank, President’s Assistant for Congressional Liaison
    • Moss, Ambler, U.S. Ambassador to Panama
    • Moussavi-Khoeini, Hajjatol Islam, key participant in Embassy takeover
    • Mubarak, Hosni, Vice President of Egypt
    • Murray, Robert, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Near Eastern, African, and South Asian Affairs
    • Muskie, Edmund S., Secretary of State from May 9, 1980, until January 20, 1981
    • Nahavandi, Hushang, former Chancellor of Tehran University
    • Nazih, Hassan, Azeri leader; former head of National Iranian Oil Company
    • Newsom, David D., Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
    • Nobari, Ali Reza, Governor, Bank Markazi
    • Noriega, Manuel, Colonel, Head of Panamanian Intelligence Services
    • Odom, William E., Colonel, USA; Military Assistant to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs, and Crisis Coordinator, National Security Council Staff
    • Ohira, Masayoshi, Prime Minister of Japan
    • O’Neill, Thomas P., Jr. (Tip), member, U.S. House of Representatives (D-Massachusetts); Speaker of the House
    • Oveissi (Oveisi), Gholam Ali, General, former commander of the Iranian Army; former Ground Forces Commander; opposition leader in exile
    • Owen, Henry D., National Security Council Staff Special Representative for Economic Summits and member for International Economics from October 1977
    • Owen, Roberts B., Legal Adviser of the Department of State from October 4, 1979
    • Oxman, Steve, Executive Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of State; Partner, Shearman and Sterling Law Firm and point of contact with the former Shah of Iran
    • Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza, Shah of Iran, exiled in 1979
    • Palme, Olof, leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party
    • Pasandideh, Reza, nephew of the Ayatollah Khomeini
    • Perot, H. Ross, founder, Electronic Data Systems
    • Pertini, Sandro, President of the Italy
    • Pettiti, Louis-Edmond, former President, Paris Bar Association; member, UN Commission of Inquiry
    • Pittman, Charles (Chuck), Colonel, USAF; Special Assistant to the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff; Deputy Commander, Helicopter Operations, USS Nimitz
    • Platt, Nicholas, Director of the Office of Japanese Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State, from 1977 until 1978; member, National Security Council Staff for East Asia/China from July 1978 until November 1979
    • Poats, Rutherford, member, National Security Council Staff for International Economics from September 1978 until January 1981
    • Powell, Joseph (Jody), White House Press Secretary
    • Precht, Henry, Director of the Office of Iranian Affairs, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, and manager, Iran Working Group, Department of State; U.S. Ambassador to Mauritania from July 1980
    • Press, Frank, Director of the White Office of Science and Technology Policy
    • Probst, Raymond, Swiss Ambassador to the United States
    • Pustay, John S., General, USAF; Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
    • Qashqai, Nasser Khan, leader of the Qashqai tribe
    • Quainton, Anthony C.E., Director, Office for Combating Terrorism, Department of State
    • Rafsanjani, Hajatolislam Ali Akbar Hashemi, member, Iranian Revolutionary Council; President of Iranian Consultative Assembly, July 1980
    • Rafshoon, Gerald, President’s Assistant for Communications
    • Rajai, Mohammed Ali, Iranian Prime Minister from August 12, 1980, until August 4, 1981
    • Raphel, Arnold, Special Assistant to Secretary of State Cyrus Vance; Special Assistant to Secretary of State Edmund Muskie
    • Read, Benjamin M., Deputy Under Secretary of State for Management from August 1977 (title changed to Under Secretary of State for Management in October 1978)
    • Reagan, Ronald, Governor of California; Republican Presidential nominee, 1980
    • Reed, Joseph, member, David Rockefeller’s staff
    • Ritzel, Gerhard, German Ambassador to Iran
    • Rockefeller, David, Chairman, Chase Manhattan Bank
    • Ross, Christopher E., Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Algiers
    • Rouhani, Moussa Fakr, Iranian Ambassador to Lebanon
    • Royo, Aristides, President of Panama
    • al-Sadat, Anwar, President of Egypt
    • Sadr, Imam Musa, leader of radical Lebanese Shia movement
    • Sahabi, Yadollah, Acting Speaker of the Iranian Parliament
    • Salamatian, Ahmad, Special Envoy of Iran to the United Nations, Acting Foreign Minister, and Bani-Sadr’s campaign manager
    • Salamin, Marcel, Panamanian Ambassador to the United Nations
    • Sanjabi, Karim, leader of the National Front Party
    • Salim, Salim Ahmed, President of the United Nations General Assembly, 1979
    • Saud bin Faisal al-Saud, Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • Saunders, Harold H., Director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, until April 1978; thereafter, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs and head of the Iran Working Group
    • Sawhill, John, Department of Energy
    • Schlesinger, James, Secretary of Energy from August 4, 1977, until July 20, 1979
    • Schmidt, Helmut, German Chancellor
    • Schwebel, Steven, Deputy Legal Adviser for Special Problems and Member, International Law Commission, Bureau of Legal Affairs, Department of State
    • Seignious, George M., Director, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
    • Shariat-Madari (Shariatmadari), Ayatollah Mohammed Kazem, religious authority of the Azeris
    • Shulman, Marshall, Special Adviser to Secretary of State Vance on Soviet Affairs
    • Shemirani, (Shamirani) Jamal, Chargé d’Affaires of the Iranian Mission to the United Nations
    • Shutler, Philip D., Lieutenant General, Director for Operations, Joint Staff
    • Sick, Gary, member, National Security Council Staff for the Middle East/North Africa
    • Solomon, Anthony M., Under Secretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs from March 1977 until March 1980
    • Spiers, Ronald I., Director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, from January 1980
    • Stevens, Theodore, Senator (R-Alaska)
    • Stoessel, Walter J., U.S. Ambassador to Germany
    • Streator, Edward, Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in London
    • Suddarth, Roscoe S., Executive Assistant, Office of the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
    • Sullivan, William H., U.S. Ambassador to Iran from June 17, 1977, to April 6, 1979
    • Sultan bin abd al-aziz al-Saud, Saudi Minister of Defense and Aviation
    • Swift, Elizabeth Ann, Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in Tehran; hostage
    • Tabatabai, Ali Akbar, press attaché for the Shah; founder of Iran Freedom Foundation; assassinated in Bethesda, Maryland, on July 22, 1980
    • Tabatabai, Sadegh, Iranian emissary; Khomeini’s relative by marriage
    • Tarnoff, Peter, Executive Secretary of the Department of State
    • Taylor, Kenneth, Canadian Ambassador to Iran
    • Terzi, Zehdi, Permanent PLO Representative to the United Nations
    • Thatcher, Margaret, British Prime Minister from May 1979
    • Thornton, Thomas, National Security Council Staff member for South Asia/UN Matters
    • Tomseth, Victor, Political Counselor, U.S. Embassy in Iran; hostage
    • Torrijos, General Omar, Commander of the Panamanian National Guard, Military Leader of Panama
    • Turner, Stansfield, Admiral, USN; Director of Central Intelligence
    • Utgoff, Victor, member, National Security Council Staff for Defense Coordination
    • Vance, Cyrus, Secretary of State from January 23, 1977, until April 20, 1980
    • Van Well, Gunter, Deputy to German Foreign Minister Genscher
    • Vanden Heuvel, William J., U.S. Representative to the United Nations European Office, Geneva
    • Vaught, James B., Major General, USA; Commander, Joint Task Force
    • Videla, Jorge Rafael, Lieutenant General, President of Argentina and Commander of the Army
    • Villalon, Hector, Argentine businessman; referred to as one of the “two Frenchmen,” “French lawyers,” “French connection,” “French friends,” or V in “V&B” or “B&V”
    • Volcker, Paul, Chairman, Federal Reserve
    • Waldheim, Kurt, United Nations Secretary-General
    • al-Walid, Abu, Representative of the Palestine Liberation Organization
    • Wallau, Theodore, Special Assistant to German Foreign Minister Genscher
    • Waller, John H., Inspector General, Central Intelligence Agency
    • al-Wazir, Khalil, Fatah Military Chief
    • Webster, William H., Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, from 1978 until 1987
    • Welch, Jasper, Major General, USAF; member, National Security Council Staff for Defense Coordination from November 1979 until January 1981
    • West, Togo, Special Assistant to Secretary of Defense Brown
    • West, John C., U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from June 1977 until March 21, 1981
    • Wise, Phillip J., Jr., President’s Appointments Secretary
    • Yazdi, Ibrahim, Iranian Foreign Minister from April 22, 1979, until November 6, 1979
    • Young, Andrew, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations from January 30, 1977, to September 23, 1979
    • Zablocki, Clement J., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D-Wisconsin)
    • Zahedi, Ardeshir, Iranian Ambassador to the United States under the Shah
    • Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad, General, President of Pakistan from September 1978
[Page XXXVI]

U.S. Hostages Held for 444 Days

  • Ahern, Thomas L., Jr.
  • Barnes, Clair Cortland
  • Belk, William E.
  • Blucker, Robert O.
  • Cooke, Donald J.
  • Daugherty, William J.
  • Englemann, Robert
  • Gallegos, William
  • German, Bruce W.
  • Gillette, Duane (Sam)
  • Golancinski, Alan B.
  • Graves, John E.
  • Hall, Joseph M.
  • Hermening, Kevin J.
  • Hohman, Donald R.
  • Holland, Leland J.
  • Howland, Michael
  • Jones, Charles A., Jr.
  • Kalp, Malcolm
  • Kennedy, Moorhead (Mike) C., Jr.
  • Keogh, William F., Jr.
  • Kirtley, Steven
  • Koob, Kathryn L.
  • Kupke, Frederick Lee
  • Laingen, L. Bruce
  • Lauterbach, Steven
  • Lee, Gary E.
  • Lewis, Paul Edward
  • Limbert, John W., Jr.
  • Lopez, James M.
  • McKeel, John D., Jr.
  • Metrinko, Michael J.
  • Miele, Jerry J.
  • Moeller, Michael E.
  • Moore, Bert C.
  • Morefield, Richard H.
  • Needham, Paul M., Jr.
  • Ode, Robert C.
  • Persinger, Gregory A.
  • Plotkin, Jerry
  • Ragan, Regis
  • Roeder, David M.
  • Rosen, Barry M.
  • Royer, William B., Jr.
  • Schaefer, Thomas E.
  • Scott, Charles W.
  • Sharer, Donald
  • Sickman, Rodney (Rocky) V.
  • Subic, Joseph, Jr.
  • Swift, Elizabeth Ann
  • Tomseth, Victor L.
  • Ward, Phillip R.
[Page XXXVII]

U.S. Hostage Released on July 11, 1980, Because of Illness

  • Queen, Richard I.

U.S. Hostages Released, November 1979

  • Gross, Kathy
  • Hughes, James
  • Johnson, Lillian
  • Maples, Ladell
  • Montagne, Elizabeth
  • Quarles, William
  • Rollins, Lloyd
  • Robinson, Neal (Terry)
  • Tedford, Terri
  • Vincent, Joseph
  • Walker, David
  • Walsh, Joan
  • Williams, Wesley

U.S. Hostages Smuggled Out (the Canadian Six), November 1979

  • Anders, Robert
  • Lijek, Mark J.
  • Lijek, Cora
  • Schatz, Henry L.
  • Stafford, Joseph D.
  • Stafford, Kathleen

Members of the Special Operations Review Group (Holloway Group)

  • Holloway, James L., III
  • Gray, Alfred M., Jr.
  • Manor, Leroy J.
  • Piotrowski, John L.
  • Smith, James C.
  • Wilson, Samuel V.