Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1976, Volume
XIX, Part 2, Japan, 1969-1972
Persons
-
-
Abshire, David
M., Assistant Secretary of State for
Congressional Relations from April 8, 1970
-
Agnew, Spiro
T., Vice President of the United States from
January 20, 1969
-
Aichi
Kiichi, Japanese Foreign Minister until July
5, 1971
-
Aldrich, George
H., Acting Deputy Legal Adviser, Department
of State, from January until October 1969; Deputy Legal
Adviser
-
-
Barger, Herman
H., Deputy Assistant Secretary for Economic
Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of
State, from 1970
-
Barnett, Robert
W., Deputy Assistant Secretary for Far
Eastern Economic Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs,
Department of State, from February 1963 until May 1970
-
Bergsten, C.
Fred, member, National Security Council
staff from 1969 until 1971
-
Brewster, Robert
C., Deputy Executive Secretary, Department
of State, from July 1969 until August 1971
-
Brown, Winthrop
G., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
East Asian and Pacific Affairs until April 1972
-
Bundy, William
P., Assistant Secretary of State for East
Asian and Pacific Affairs until May 4, 1969
-
Burns, Dr. Arthur
F., Counselor to the President from January
1969 until January 1970; Chairman, Federal Reserve System Board of
Governors, from 1970
-
Bush, George
H.W., member, U.S. House of Representatives
(R–Texas) until January 1970; Representative to the United Nations
from February 16, 1971
-
Butterfield,
Alexander P., Deputy Assistant to the
President from 1969
-
Butz, Earl
L., Secretary of Agriculture from December
1971
-
-
Cargo, William
I., Director of the Policy Planning Staff,
Department of State, from August 4, 1969
-
Chafee, John
H., Captain, USN; Secretary of the Navy from
January 31, 1969, until May 4, 1972
-
Chapin, Dwight
L., Special Assistant to the President from
1969 until 1971; Deputy Assistant to the President from 1971
-
Chapin,
Frank, member, National Security Council
staff and staff secretary to the 303/40 Committee
-
Chiang Kai-shek
(Jiang Jieshi), President of the Republic of
China; Director-General, Kuomintang
-
Chou En-lai (Zhou
Enlai), Premier of the People’s Republic of
China; member, Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party’s
Political Bureau
-
Chow Shu-kai (Zhou
Shukai), Chinese Ambassador to the United
States until May 1971; Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1971 until
1972; Minister without Portfolio from 1972
-
Chung
Il-Kwon, Prime Minister of the Republic of
Korea until December 19, 1970
-
Cleveland, Paul
M., Bureau of Economic Affairs, Department
of State, from September 1968 until February 1970; Special Assistant
and Staff Director, NSC Interdepartmental Group, Bureau of East
Asian and Pacific Affairs, February 1970 until July 1973
-
Cline, Ray
S., Director, Bureau of Intelligence and
Research, Department of State, from October 26, 1969
-
Connally, John B.,
Jr., Secretary of the Treasury from February
1971 until May 1972
-
Cronk, Edwin
M., Deputy Assistant Secretary for
International Trade Policy, Bureau of Economic Affairs, Department
of State, from October 1969 until June 1972; U.S. Ambassador to
Singapore from June 27, 1972
-
Curran, Robert
Theodore, Deputy Executive Secretary,
Executive Secretariat, Department of State, from August 1970 until
September 1972; Deputy Director of Personnel for Management from
September 1972
-
-
Davis, Jeanne
W., Director, Staff Secretariat from 1970
until 1971; Staff Secretary, National Security Council Staff
Secretariat, from 1971
-
De Palma,
Samuel, Assistant Secretary of State for
International Organization Affairs from February 7, 1969
-
Denney, George C.,
Jr., Deputy Director, Bureau of Intelligence
and Research, Department of State, until April 1970; Deputy
Director, Directorate for Management, Bureau of Intelligence and
Research, April 1970
-
Donelan, Joseph F.,
Jr., Assistant Secretary of State for
Administration from June 14, 1971
-
Doolin, Dennis
J., Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense
for International Security Affairs responsible for East Asian and
Pacific Affairs
-
Douglas-Home, Sir
Alexander Frederick, British Foreign
Secretary from June 19, 1970
-
-
Eagleburger, Lawrence
S., member, National Security Council staff
from 1969 until 1970
-
Eberle, William
D., Special Representative for Trade
Negotiations from 1971 until 1975; member, Council on International
Economic Policy, from 1971
-
Ehrlichman, John
D., Counsel to the President from January
until November 1969; Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs
from November 1969
-
Eliot, Theodore L.,
Jr., Special Assistant to the Secretary and
Executive Secretary of the Department of State from August 10,
1969
-
Ericson, Richard A.,
Jr., Country Director Japan, Bureau of East
Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State, from July
1970
-
-
Finn, Richard
B., Country Director Japan, Bureau of East
Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State, from January 1969
until July 1970
-
Flanigan,
Peter, Consultant to the President on
Administration and Staffing, January 20, 1969, until April 15, 1969;
Assistant to the President and Executive Director, Council for
International Economic Policy from February 1972
-
Ford, Gerald
R., member, U.S. House of Representatives
(R–Michigan); House Minority Leader
-
Froebe, John A.,
Jr., Desk officer, Australia, New Zealand
and Pacific Islands, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs,
Department of State; member, National Security Council staff from
1971
-
Froehlke, Robert
F., Captain, USA; Assistant Secretary of
Defense for Administration from January 1969 until June 1971;
Secretary of the Army from July 1, 1971
-
Fukuda
Manabu, Department of State
interpreter
-
Fukuda
Takeo, Japanese Foreign Minister from July
5, 1971, until July 7, 1972
-
Fulbright, J.
William, Senator (D–Arkansas), Chairman of
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
-
-
Gandhi,
Indira, Indian Prime Minister
-
Getz, John
I., Special Assistant to the Under Secretary
of State for Political Affairs, Department of State, from January
1969 until February 1972
-
Gleysteen, William
H., Jr., Director, Office of Research and
Analysis for East Asia and the Pacific, Bureau of Intelligence and
Research, from September 1969 until June 1971; Deputy Chief of
Mission, Taipei, from June 1971
-
Godley, George
McMurtrie, Deputy Assistant Secretary of
State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs until May 1969; U.S.
Ambassador to Laos from June 13, 1969
-
Grant,
Lindsey, member, National Security Council
Operations Staff/East Asia, from February 1969 until August 1970;
member, Planning and Coordination Staff, Department of State, from
June 1971 until November 1972
-
Green,
Marshall, Assistant Secretary of State for
East Asian and Pacific Affairs from May 1, 1969
-
Gromyko, Andrei
A., Foreign Minister of the Soviet
Union
-
-
Habib, Philip
C., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
East Asian and Pacific Affairs until May 1969; member, U.S.
Delegation to meetings on Vietnam in Paris until October 1971; U.S.
Ambassador to Korea from September 30, 1971
-
Haig, Alexander
Meigs, Jr., Major General, USA; Senior
Military Assistant to the Assistant to the President for National
Security Affairs from June 1969 until June 1970; Deputy Assistant to
the President for National Security Affairs from June 1970
-
Haldeman,
H.R., Assistant to the President and Chief
of Staff from January 20, 1969
-
Halperin,
David, member, National Security Council
staff 1971
-
Halperin,
Morton, National Security Council Assistant
for Programs, 1969 and 1970
-
Handley, William
J., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs until April 1969; U.S.
Ambassador to Turkey from May 1, 1969
-
Hannah, John
A., Administrator, Agency for International
Development, from March 28, 1969
-
Hardin, Clifford
M., Secretary of Agriculture from January
1969 until December 1971
-
Harlow, Bryce
N., Assistant to the President for
Congressional Relations from 1969 until 1970; Counselor to the
President from 1970
-
Heath,
Edward, British Prime Minister from June 19,
1970
-
Helms, Richard
M., Director of Central Intelligence
-
Herz, Martin
F., Political Counselor in Saigon to June
1970; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International
Organization Affairs, Department of State, from June 1970
-
Ho Chi
Minh, President of the Democratic Republic
of Vietnam
-
Hodgson, James
D., Secretary of Labor from July 1970
-
Holdridge, John
Herbert, Director, Office of Research and
Analysis for East Asia and the Pacific, Bureau of Intelligence and
Research, Department of State, until July 1969; member, National
Security Council Operations Staff/East Asia from July 1969
-
Hormats,
Robert, member, National Security Council
Operations Staff/International Economic Affairs from 1970 until
1972
-
Howe, Jonathan
T., Lieutenant Commander, USN; member,
National Security Council staff from 1970 until 1972
-
Hughes, Thomas
L., Director, Bureau of Intelligence and
Research, Department of State, from April 28, 1963
-
Hummel, Arthur W.,
Jr., U.S. Ambassador to Burma until July 22,
1971; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific
Affairs from February 1972
-
-
Ingersoll, Robert
Stephen, U.S. Ambassador to Japan from
February 29, 1972
-
Irwin, John N.,
II, Under Secretary of State from September
18, 1970, until July 12, 1972; Deputy Secretary of State from July
13, 1972 (Note: The Foreign Affairs Reauthorization Act of 1972
created the position of Deputy Secretary, replacing the Under
Secretary post as the second-ranking officer in the
Department.)
-
-
Jenkins, Alfred le
Sesne, Director, Office of Asian Communist
Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of
State, from July 1970
-
Jiang
Jieshi, see Chiang Kai-shek
-
Johnson, Lyndon
B., President of the United States until
January 20, 1969
-
Johnson, U.
Alexis, Under Secretary of State for
Political Affairs from February 7, 1969
-
Jurich, Anthony
J., Special Assistant to the Secretary for
National Security Affairs, Department of the Treasury
-
-
Karamessines, Thomas
H., Deputy Director for Plans (Note: Title
changed to Deputy Director for Operations after Karamessines’
tenure)
-
Katz, Julius
L., Deputy Assistant Secretary for
International Resources and Food Policy, Bureau of Economic Affairs,
Department of State
-
Kendall, Donald
M., President and CEO of Pepsi-Cola (renamed
Pepsi Co); friend of Richard Nixon; Chairman of the Emergency
Committee for American Trade
-
Kennedy, David
M., Secretary of the Treasury from January
1969 until January 1971; Ambassador at Large for Foreign Economic
Development from February 11, 1971; Permanent Representative to the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization from March 17, 1972
-
Kennedy,
Richard, Colonel, USA; member, National
Security Council staff from 1970 until 1972; Director of the
National Security Council Planning Group in 1971 and 1972
-
Khan, Agha Muhammad
Yahya, President of Pakistan from March 31,
1969, until December 20, 1971
-
Kim Il-sung (Kim Il
Sung), Premier (Chairman of the Council of
Ministers) of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea until
December 28, 1972; President (Chairman of the Presidium of the
Supreme People’s Assembly) of the Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea from December 28, 1972; and General Secretary of the Central
Committee of the Workers’ Party of Korea
-
Kishi
Nobusuke, former Japanese Prime
Minister
-
Kissinger, Henry
A., Assistant to the President for National
Security Affairs from January 20, 1969
-
Klein, Herbert
G., White House Director of Communications
from January 1969
-
Kleindienst, Richard
G., Deputy Attorney General from January
1969; Attorney General from February 1972
-
Kosygin, Alexei
N., Chairman, Council of Ministers of the
Soviet Union
-
Kotschnig, Walter
M., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
International Organization Affairs until 1971
-
-
Ladd, Bruce C.,
Jr., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
Commercial Affairs and Business Activities, Bureau of Economic
Affairs, Department of State, from 1971
-
Laird, Melvin
R., member, U.S. House of Representatives
(R–Wisconsin); Secretary of Defense from January 22, 1969
-
Lake, W.
Anthony, member, National Security Council
staff from 1970 until 1971
-
Le Duc
Tho, member, Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Politburo; head of the Demcratic Republic of Vietnam delegation to
Paris Peace Talks
-
Lee Kuan
Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore
-
Lon
Nol, General and Prime Minister of Cambodia from
1969 until 1972; President of the Khmer Republic from 1972
-
Loomis,
Henry, Deputy Director, United States
Information Agency from 1969
-
Lord,
Winston, Office of International Security
Affairs, Department of Defense until 1969; member, National Security
Council Planning Staff in 1969 and 1970; member, National Security
Council Operations Staff/UN in 1970 and 1971; member, National
Security Council staff from 1971
-
-
Malik, Yakov
Alexandrovich, Permanent Representative of
the Soviet Union to the United Nations
-
Mansfield,
Michael, Senator (D–Montana) from 1952 until
1976; Senate Majority Leader
-
Mao Tse-tung (Mao
Zedong), Chairman of the Central Committee
of the Chinese Communist Party
-
McCain, John S.,
Jr., Admiral, USN; Commander in Chief,
CINCPAC, from July 31, 1968, until September 1, 1972
-
McClellan,
Robert, Assistant Secretary of Commerce for
Domestic and International Business
-
McCloskey, Robert
J., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
Press Relations, and Special Assistant to the Secretary, from July
1969
-
McCormack, John
W., member, U.S. House of Representatives
(D–Massachusetts) until 1970; Speaker of the House of
Representatives until 1970
-
McCracken, Paul
W., Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers,
from January 1969 until November 1971
-
McGovern,
George, Senator, (D–South Dakota);
Presidential candidate in 1972
-
McManis,
David, member, National Security Council
staff in 1970 and 1971; Director of the White House Situation Room
in 1971 and 1972
-
Meyer, Armin
H., U.S. Ambassador to Iran until May 30,
1969; U.S. Ambassador to Japan from May 27, 1969, until March 27,
1972
-
Meyer, Francis
G., Assistant Secretary of State for
Administration from September 26, 1969, until May 31, 1971
-
Miki
Takeo, Japanese Foreign Minister from 1966 until
1968; Prime Minister from December 1974 until December 1976
-
Mitchell,
John, Attorney General from January 20,
1969, until February 15, 1972
-
Miyazawa
Kiichi, Japanese Minister of International
Trade and Industry from January 14, 1970, until July 5, 1971
-
Monjo, John
C., Special Assistant to the Under Secretary
of State for Political Affairs from 1969 until 1971
-
Moore,
Jonathan, Deputy Assistant Secretary of
State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from September 1969 until
June 1970
-
Moorer, Thomas
H., Admiral, USN; Chief of Naval Operations
until July 1, 1970; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from July
2, 1970
-
Moose,
Richard, member, National Security Council
staff from 1969 until 1970
-
Morris,
Roger, member, National Security Council
staff from 1969 until 1971
-
Mosbacher, Emil,
Jr., Chief of Protocol, Department of State,
from January 28, 1969, until June 30, 1972
-
Moynihan, Daniel
P., Assistant to the President for Urban
Affairs from January until December 1969; Counselor to the President
from January 1970 until January 1971
-
-
Nakasone
Yasuhiro, Director General of the Japanese
Defense Agency from September 1970
-
Neubert, Joseph
W., member, Policy Planning Staff,
Department of State, until June 1970; Acting Deputy Director for
Planning, Planning and Coordination Staff, from June 1970
-
Nguyen Van
Thieu, President of the Republic of Vietnam
(South Vietnam)
-
Nixon, Richard
M., President of the United States
-
Noyes, James
H., Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense
for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs from 1971
-
Nutter, G.
Warren, Assistant Secretary of Defense for
International Security Affairs from March 4, 1969
-
-
O’Connor, Roderic
L., Assistant Administrator for East Asia,
Agency for International Development, from August 1969 until June
1971; Coordinator for Supporting Assistance from July 1971 until
September 1972
-
Ōhira
Masayoshi, Japanese Foreign Minister from
July 7, 1972
-
Osborn, David
Lawrence, Deputy Chief of Mission in Tokyo
until July 1970; thereafter Consul General, Hong Kong
-
Osgood, Robert
E., Assistant for Programs, National
Security Council, in 1969 and 1970; Director of the National
Security Council Planning Staff in 1970 and 1971
-
-
Packard,
David, Chief Executive Officer,
Hewlett-Packard Co.; Deputy Secretary of Defense from January 24,
1969, until December 13, 1971
-
Paik Doo
Jin, Prime Minster of the Republic of Korea
from December 19, 1970, until June 3, 1971
-
Park Chung
Hee, President of the Republic of
Korea
-
Pedersen, Richard
F., Counselor, Department of State, from
January 23, 1969
-
Peterson, Peter
G., Assistant to the President for
International Economic Affairs, and Executive Director of the
Council on International Economic Policy in 1971 and 1972; Secretary
of Commerce from January 27, 1972, until December 8, 1972
-
Platt,
Nicholas, Chief, Asian Communist Areas
Division, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, from February 1969
until January 1970; Chief, North Asian Division, Bureau of
Intelligence and Research, from January 1970 until March 1971;
Deputy Director, Executive Secretariat Staff, from March 1971 until
June 1972; Director, Executive Secretariat, from June 1972
-
Pollack,
Herman, Director, Office of International
Scientific and Technological Affairs, Department of State
-
Pranger, Robert
J., Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense
for Near East and South Asia, 1970; Deputy Assistant Secretary of
Defense for Policy Plans and National Security Council Affairs,
1971
-
Prentice, Colgate
S., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
Congressional Relations from October 1969
-
Pursley, Robert
E., Lieutenant General, USAF; Military
Assistant to the Secretary of Defense
-
-
Renner, John
C., Director, Office of International Trade,
Bureau of Economic Affairs, Department of State, from August 1970
until July 1972; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
International Trade Policy, Bureau of Economic Affairs, from July
1972
-
Resor, Stanley
R., Secretary of the Army until June 30,
1971
-
Richardson, Elliot
L., Under Secretary of State from January
23, 1969, until June 23, 1970; Secretary of Health, Education, and
Welfare from June 1970
-
Rodman, Peter
W., member, National Security Council staff
from 1970 until 1972
-
Rogers, William
P., Secretary of State from January 21,
1969
-
-
Samuels,
Nathaniel, Deputy Under Secretary of State
for Economic Affairs from March 28, 1969, until May 31, 1972
-
Satō
Eisaku, Prime Minister of Japan until July 6,
1972
-
Saunders, Harold
H., member, National Security Council staff
from 1969 until 1971
-
Scali,
John, Chief Diplomatic Correspondent for ABC
News until 1971; Special Consultant to the President from
1971
-
Schlesinger, James
R., Assistant Director, Bureau of the
Budget, from January 1969 until June 1970; Assistant Director,
Office of Management and Budget, from July 1970 until August 1971;
Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission from August 1971
-
Scott,
Hugh, Senator (R–Pennsylvania); Senate Minority
Leader
-
Seaborg, Glenn
T., Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission
until 1971
-
Seamans, Robert C.,
Jr., Secretary of the Air Force from
February 15, 1969
-
Shakespeare,
Frank, Director, U.S. Information Agency,
from February 7, 1969
-
Shimoda
Takeso, Japanese Ambassador to the United
States from June 28, 1967, until September 1970
-
Shoesmith, Thomas
P., Country Director, Republic of China,
Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State, from
October 1967 until August 1971; Deputy Chief of Mission in Tokyo
from August 1972
-
Shultz, George
P., Secretary of Labor from January 20,
1969, until June 10, 1970; first Director of the Office of
Management and Budget from June 1970 until May 1972; Secretary of
the Treasury from May 16, 1972
-
Sihanouk, Prince
Norodom, head of state of Cambodia until
1970; leader of a government-in-exile in Peking from 1970
-
Sisco, Joseph
J., Assistant Secretary of State for
International Organization Affairs until February 9, 1969; Assistant
Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs from
February 7, 1969
-
Smith, K.
Wayne, Director, Policy Analysis Branch,
National Security Council, 1971 and 1972
-
Smyser, W.
Richard, member, National Security Council
Operations Staff/East Asia from 1970 until 1972
-
Sneider, Richard
L., member, National Security Council
Operations Staff/East Asia from May 1969 until September 1969;
Deputy Chief of Mission in Japan from September 1969 until July
1972; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific
Affairs from August 1972
-
Spiers, Ronald
I., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
Politico-Military Affairs from August 15 until September 18, 1969;
Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs from September 18,
1969
-
Stans,
Maurice, Secretary of Commerce from January
20, 1969, until January 27, 1972
-
Steadman, Richard
C., Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense
for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 1969
-
Stein,
Herbert, member, Council of Economic
Advisers from January 1969 until November 1971; Chairman, Council of
Economic Advisers from January 1972
-
Stevenson, John
R., Legal Adviser, Department of State, from
July 8, 1969
-
Sullivan, William
H., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
East Asian and Pacific Affairs from April 1969
-
Symington,
Stuart, Senator (D–Missouri)
-
-
Tanaka
Kakeui, Minister of International Trade and
Industry July 1971; Prime Minister of Japan from July 6, 1972
-
Tarr, Curtis
W., Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for
Manpower and Reserve Affairs from 1969 until 1970; Director,
Selective Service System, from 1970 until 1972; Under Secretary of
State for International Security Affairs from May 1, 1972
-
U
Thant, Secretary General of the United
Nations
-
Thayer, Harry
E.T., Asian Communist Affairs, Bureau of
East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State, until August
1970; National War College from August 1970 until June 1971; advisor
on political affairs at USUN from June 1971
-
Torbert, Horace
Gates, Jr., Deputy Assistant Secretary of
State for Congressional Relations until October 1970
-
Trezise, Philip
H., Representative to the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, until July 7, 1969;
Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs from July 8, 1969,
until November 27, 1971
-
-
Ushiba
Nobuhiko, Japanese Ambassador to the United
States from September 21, 1970
-
-
Volcker, Paul
A., Under Secretary of the Treasury for
Monetary Affairs from January 1969
-
-
Wakaizumi
Kei, Professor at Kyoto Sangyo University
and confidant of Japanese Prime Minister Sato; used the alias “Yoshida” in secret telephone
conversations with Henry Kissinger
-
Walters, Vernon
A., Lieutenant General, USA; Military
Attaché to Paris until March 1971; Deputy Director of Central
Intelligence from May 2, 1972
-
Wheeler, Earle
G., General, USA; Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff until July 2, 1970
-
Wickel, James
J., Interpreter for the Department of State;
Special Assistant in the Executive Section of the Tokyo Embassy;
Political Officer from July 1972
-
Wilson, James
Harold, British Prime Minister until June
19, 1970, and from 1974
-
Wilson, James M.,
Jr., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
East Asian and Pacific Affairs from August 1970; Special Assistant
to the Assistant Secretary, February 1972; U.S. Representative for
Micronesian status negotiations from November 1972
-
Wright, W.
Marshall, member, National Security Council
Operations Staff/African and UN Affairs from June 1970 until April
1972; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional
Relations from April until December 1972; thereafter, Acting
Assistant Secretary from December 1972
-
-
Yost, Charles
W., U.S. Representative to the United
Nations from January 22, 1969, until February 25, 1971
-
-
Zhou
Enlai, see Chou
En-lai
-
Ziegler,
Ronald, White House Press Secretary from
1969
-
Zumwalt, Elmo R.,
Jr., Admiral, USN; Chief of Naval Operations
from July 1, 1970