Index

• Aardvark shot, 490
• Accidental warfare:
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 318
  • Khrushchev on, 80, 498, 787, 792
  • McCloy/Gromyko meeting, 33
  • NIE on, 749
  • UK, Rusk visit, 475
  • UN resolution on weapons in outer space, 896
• Adenauer, Konrad:
  • China, 777, 871
  • de Gaulle talks, 778
  • Kennedy, letters exchanged, 777–778, 870–872, 876n
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty, 777–778, 870–872, 873–876
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 763–765, 778n
  • non-diffusion negotiations, 571, 582
• Ad Hoc Panel on Nuclear Testing. See Panofsky Panel Report.
• Ad Hoc Panel on the Technical Capabilities and Implications of the Geneva System. See Fisk Panel Report.
• Africa (see also specific countries), 451, 593, 781, 808, 889
  • NIE on US resumption of testing, 4
  • Sahara Desert, French tests, 694, 698, 709, 842, 856–857
• Agricultural sector, 800
• AICBM. See Air-launched intercontinental ballistic missiles.
• Aircraft:
  • B-47s, 421, 424, 433, 770, 787
  • B-52s, 153, 505, 706, 794–795
  • Badgers, 421, 424, 770, 787
  • nuclear propulsion, 548, 762
• Air forces (see also Missiles; United States Air Force):
  • Khrushchev/Kennedy talks, open skies, 91
  • Khrushchev/McCloy meeting, 112–113
  • NORAD, 643
• Air Force Technical Application Center:
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, briefing on, 551
  • test detection, 489–491, 500, 514–516, 645
  • testing resumption by US, 2n , 6–7, 153, 211
  • USSR, testing during moratorium, 51n
• Air-launched intercontinental ballistic missiles (AICBM), 31, 62–65, 71, 117, 118, 129, 145, 177, 179, 188, 189–191, 250–251, 261, 286, 321, 742
  • Brown on, 129, 261, 265, 269, 270
  • China, 320
  • Committee of Principals, 145, 147
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee on, 408, 410
  • Gilpatric on, 313, 314
  • Inspection Study Group, conclusions, 526
  • JCS memo, 684, 890
  • Kaysen on, 299, 300–302
  • McNamara on, 117, 118
  • McNaughton on, 292
  • Nike-Zeus missiles, 40, 64, 65, 108, 122, 129, 153, 216, 269, 300–301, 333
  • NSC on, 217–218, 246
  • Taylor on, 134
• Akalovsky, Alexander, 28n , 380, 493, 572, 589, 855n , 856, 894
• Albert, Carl, 92
• Alphand, Herve, 593, 641n , 650–652, 711n , 791–794
• Alsop, Joseph, 763
• American University, Kennedy speech, 709–714, 727, 737, 801
• Anderson, Clinton, 356, 822
• Anderson, Adm. George W., Jr., 724n , 783
• Antarctic Treaty, 483
• Anti-ballistic missiles, 40, 48, 73, 134, 179, 189, 199, 201, 215, 333, 336–337, 605, 654, 865
  • Macmillan/Kennedy talks, 272, 273, 275, 277, 756
  • Macmillan/Rusk talks, 471
• Arends, Leslie H., 92
• Argentina, 249, 403
• Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 344
  • atmospheric testing, 220, 334, 478, 500
  • B-52-deliverable bomb development, 794–795
  • China, 425, 427
  • CIA on treaty proposal, 431, 653–654
  • Committee of Principals, 345–347, 351, 418–421, 603, 611, 679–681, 692
    • ACDA treaty proposals, 417–422, 428–433, 436–438, 461–468, 507–509, 649–650, 679–683, 692, 719–726, 772–776, 900–901
    • comprehensive test ban, 679–681
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 340–343, 360–361, 369, 422–425, 461–468, 499–509, 603n , 648–650, 879, 900–901
    • Fisher on role, 387, 388, 406–411
  • Foster on treaty proposals, 417–425, 426–438, 461–468, 507–509, 603–604, 653–654, 679, 682, 719–724, 772, 774, 775
  • GCD treaty proposal, 417–425, 426–438, 500–506, 508, 603–604, 772–776, 904
    • AEC position, 433, 434
    • conventional weapons, 466–468, 773, 776, 904
    • Defense Department, 423, 424, 427, 428, 433, 434–437, 721
    • delivery vehicles, reduction plan, 346–347
    • Fisher on, 418–419, 432, 467, 500
    • German position, 904–905
    • Kaysen on, 425, 429, 430, 434–436, 437, 724
    • military personal reductions, 427, 464–467, 506–507
    • missile reduction provisions, 345–351, 406–411, 430–432, 434–436, 465, 603–604, 772–776
    • Rusk on, 422, 423, 428–433, 436–437, 500–506, 603, 679–682, 904–905
    • Wiesner on, 420–424, 429–431, 500, 774
  • German position on treaty proposal, 904–905
  • Gilpatric on treaty proposal, 423, 424, 428–432, 437
  • inspection issues, 370, 417–418, 421, 427, 488, 500, 648–649, 772–773, 775
  • JCS on treaty proposal, 422–424, 426–427, 431, 434, 437, 720–724
  • Kennedy on treaty proposal, 422, 423, 434–436, 437, 507–509, 518–519, 522, 648, 692, 734–735
  • Lemnitzer on treaty proposal, 426–427, 431, 432, 437
  • McNamara on treaty proposal, 426–427, 462–467, 679, 681–682
  • non-diffusion negotiations, 570n , 571
  • North Atlantic Council on treaty proposal, 423
  • orbiting nuclear weapons, 893
  • outer space, 564
  • seismic sensing, 489–490, 514–516, 539, 649
  • Stennis Committee, 680
  • test ban proposals, 362, 500, 648–650, 653–654, 692, 779–785
  • UK seismic detection cooperation, 399–401, 476–477
  • US/UK bilateral discussions, 476–484
• Artsimovich, L., 657
• Asia (see also specific countries), 4
• ASROC warhead, 313–314
• Atlas program, 195, 196, 264, 267, 339, 439, 440, 505
• Atmospheric testing (see also Christmas Island; Johnston Island; Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations), 5, 93–94, 136, 198, 201, 257–258, 331, 519
  • ACDA on, 220, 334, 478, 500
  • AEC on, 190, 197, 198, 210–214, 223, 251–252, 260, 270–271, 283, 307, 314–315, 321, 328, 334, 440, 441, 566, 599–600
  • AICBMs, 31, 62–65, 71, 177, 179, 188, 189–191, 250–251, 286
  • Atomic Energy Detection System, 883–885
  • balloon tests, 210–212, 214, 321
  • ban proposals:
    • Bundy on US/UK joint atmospheric test ban proposal, 208n , 209–210
    • Committee of Principal on, 500, 501–505, 507–509, 510, 720–721
    • conventional weapons and, 299
    • Dean on, 522, 530
    • Foster memo to Kennedy, 518
    • France, 782
    • JCS on, 802
    • Kennedy/Khrushchev letters, 568–569, 576, 577, 585–586
    • Kennedy/Macmillan letter, 537
    • Khrushchev speech, 762
    • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 731, 782, 784, 786, 799, 800, 803, 807, 810–811, 819–823, 885–886
    • McCloy on, 94n , 158–160
    • military force levels and, 299
    • non-aligned countries, 159
    • Rusk on, 93–94, 158–160, 238, 252, 510, 532, 710–714
    • UN position, 193, 200–204, 212, 220, 285, 294, 317–319, 322, 336, 483, 572–575, 596
    • US/UK joint proposals, 159, 160, 208–210, 223–224, 255–258, 289, 294, 298, 471–473, 478–480, 527n , 538, 559–562, 656
  • Berlin crisis and, 200
  • bombers and, 265–266
  • Brown on, 61, 159, 161–162, 219–220, 260–271, 275, 279, 287, 310, 337, 599, 600
    • AICBMs, 129, 261, 265, 268–271
  • Bundy on, 188–191, 215n , 226–227, 251–253, 286–287, 306, 326–327, 439–442, 470n
    • ban proposals, 208n , 209–210
    • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 559
  • Canadian position, 200, 203, 210
  • China, 320, 884
  • Committee of Principals on, 141–142, 197–202, 213, 501–504, 507–508
  • cost of, 293, 299, 902
    • v. underground testing, 162, 188, 226–227
  • detection of, 142, 257, 268, 369, 477–478
    • via satellites, 563, 884
  • Defense Department studies, 188–191, 189, 197, 211, 223, 241, 248, 260, 269, 283, 306, 321, 440, 442, 566–567
  • Dominic tests, 441–442, 549–550, 566–568
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee on, 317–319, 326, 500, 501–505, 507–509, 510, 518, 522, 530, 550–551
    • Home letter to Rusk, 538
    • NSC meeting, 329–330, 332, 335, 337
    • Rusk/Dean notes, 534–535, 558–561
    • US/UK joint proposals, 527n , 560–562, 656
    • White House staff meeting discussion, 327, 523, 528, 530
  • Eniwetok Proving Grounds, 182, 191, 206–207, 211, 212, 245
  • France, 782
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 13, 93–94, 97, 159, 289, 301, 510, 532
    • Kennedy preparations, 13, 93–94, 97
    • US/UK proposal for ban, 208, 294
  • Gilpatric on, 159, 161, 189n , 197n , 198, 215n , 226, 283, 310, 312–316, 333, 599, 711, 902–903
  • high altitude, 261, 274, 313, 442, 470, 566, 567, 883–884, 903
  • interagency panel on results, 599–600
  • JCS position, 55, 183n , 211, 215, 315, 327, 328, 333–334, 720–721, 802, 865
  • Kaysen on, 287–288, 297–303, 306, 599, 600, 710–711, 734n
  • Kennedy (see also Kennedy/Macmillan subheadings below), 250–251, 258, 290, 319–322, 518–519
    • AEC report, 210–214, 323–324
    • American University speech, 709–714, 727, 737, 801
    • ban proposals, 93n , 158–162, 258, 291–295, 297–306, 310, 450–452, 568–569, 575–579, 585–586, 710–712
    • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 93n
    • interagency panel on results, 600
    • national address on, 355–357
    • Ormsby Gore conversation, 325–326
    • public announcement, 283–285, 288–289
    • research report, 178, 182, 183, 753
  • Kennedy/Macmillan joint letters to Khrushchev, 665–667, 674–676, 685–686, 707–710
  • Kennedy/Macmillan letters exchanged, 131, 164n , 223–224, 272–281, 281, 295–297, 304–305, 316, 337–339, 414–417, 535–537, 565, 655–661, 756
  • Kennedy/Macmillan talks, 447–449, 752–758
  • Khrushchev on, 111, 159–160, 286–287, 731, 783, 819–820
  • low-yield, 736–738
  • Macmillan on (see also Kennedy/Macmillan subheadings above), 160, 208–210, 223–224, 258, 289, 304–305, 471–472, 560–562, 565
  • McNamara on, 123, 124, 183n , 197–200, 201, 214–216, 252, 315, 329, 332–333, 439, 504–505, 566–567, 599–601
  • McNaughton on test ban, 291–295
  • media coverage, 736–738
  • Nevada tests, 220, 222, 245, 252, 259, 260, 263, 313, 321, 440, 441, 442, 470
  • NSC on, 136, 217–222, 226–227, 239, 241–248, 252–253, 328–337, 439–442
  • public opinion, 190, 191, 207, 320–321, 334, 440, 442, 450
  • radiation effects, 124, 126–127, 160, 183, 190, 226, 245, 282–283, 320–321, 439, 736
  • resumption of testing, 250–251, 290, 323–324, 710–711
    • AEC report, 210–214
    • Brown letter, 260–267, 268–271
    • Bundy on, 226–227, 307
    • Christmas Island test, approval, 441, 527, 537
    • Gilpatric on, 312–316
    • interagency review panel, 599
    • McNamara letter, 214–216
    • NSC on, 217–222, 241–248, 328–337, 439, 440–442
    • Operation Dominic, 549–550, 566–568
    • public announcement, 282–285, 288–290
    • Rusk on, 319–322
    • Stevenson letter, 317–319
    • UK position, 325–326, 447–449
  • White House staff meeting, 326–327
  • Rusk on, 93–94, 158–160, 202, 208n , 215n , 238, 239, 252, 319–322, 323, 324n , 325–326, 328–329, 331–332, 334, 335–336, 440, 510, 532, 710–714
    • Dobrynin conversation, 444–446
  • Schlesinger on, 259, 282–285, 286–287, 288–289
  • Seaborg on, 158–162, 193, 199, 210–214, 218–219, 226, 241–248, 250–253, 272, 276–277, 278, 310, 328, 334, 439–441, 505, 549–550, 566–568, 599–601, 736–738
  • Senate on moratorium, 713
  • Stevenson on, 317–319, 404, 450–452
  • tactical weapons, 756
  • Taylor on, 710–712
  • Thompson on, 93–94
  • UK position (see also Kennedy/Macmillan; Macmillan subheadings above; US/UK subheadings below), 200, 277
    • Christmas Island, 207n , 212, 223, 227–230, 207n , 212, 227–230, 236, 245, 251, 252, 274, 278–279, 293
    • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 208, 294
    • Rusk visit, 471–472, 473
  • UN actions, 193, 200–204, 212, 220, 285, 294, 317–319, 322, 336, 483, 572–575, 596
  • underground testing and:
    • bans related to, 501, 504, 574, 731
    • benefits compared, 161–162, 179, 182, 213, 219–220, 244, 270, 300
    • distinction of underground and, 780, 878
    • supplementary to underground testing, 193, 247, 290, 656
  • US/UK cooperation, 477–483
  • US/UK joint test ban proposals, 159, 160, 208–210, 223–224, 255–258, 289, 294, 298, 471–473, 478–480, 527n , 538, 559–562,
  • US/USSR results compared, 599–601
  • Wiesner on, 188–191, 207n , 226, 252, 268–271, 329, 336, 337, 566, 599–600
• Atomic Energy Act of 1946, 881
• Atomic Energy Commission, 468
  • ACDA, GCD treaty proposal, 433, 434
  • atmospheric testing, 190, 197, 198, 223, 251–252, 260, 270–271, 283, 307, 314–315, 321, 328, 334, 440, 441, 566, 599–600
  • budget, 774
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, preparations, 11
  • high-yield bomb development, 707
  • inspection issues, 645
  • Kennedy, reports to, 178, 181–182, 210–214
  • low-yield tests, 736–738
  • missile certification, 63
  • neutron bomb research, 65
  • NIE on US resumption of testing, 1n , 2n , 3n
  • Nuclear Test Delegation, 20–21
  • Plowshare program, 724–726, 877–878
  • secret testing, 8–10, 722
  • seismic sensing, nuclear explosions, 47, 501, 516
  • space testing, 470
  • test ban proposals, 306, 393–395, 433, 434, 478, 528, 681, 722, 821, 822, 864, 877
  • test resumption by US, 898
    • Committee of Principals on, 142, 144, 148, 198, 199
    • Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, letter, 639
    • McNamara on, 119, 121–122
    • Operation Dominic, 50
    • Panofsky Panel Report, 127n
    • reports on, 178, 181–182, 210–214
    • scheduling, 162, 192–193
    • secret, 8–10, 722
    • UK use of US facilities, 225, 477
  • testing during moratorium by USSR, 51n , 152–153
  • underground testing, 270, 290, 635, 636, 882
• Atomic Energy Detection System, 638, 882–885, 903
• Australia, 521
• B-47 aircraft, 421, 424, 433, 770, 787
• B-52 aircraft, 153, 505, 706, 794–795
• Badger aircraft, 421, 424, 770, 787
• Baker, Vincent, 171, 358
• Ball, George W., 131–132, 204n , 323–324, 869n
  • atmospheric testing, Kennedy conversation, 323–324
  • Berlin crisis, 132, 403, 405n
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 324–325, 398–399
    • conventional weapons, 377
    • inspection issues, 373–374, 376, 378–379, 398–399
    • Macmillan letter to Kennedy, 656
    • Rusk/Gromyko conversation, 405
    • Rusk notes from, 373–374, 376–378
  • Geneva conference on test discontinuance, 132
  • high-yield bomb development, 706
  • inspection issues, 373–374, 376, 378–379, 398–399, 401–403
  • Kennedy/Adenauer letter, 872
  • Kennedy conversations, 323–324, 401–403
  • Kennedy/Macmillan exchanges, 447, 449, 656
  • Khrushchev/Harriman talks, 797–798
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 797–798, 809n , 821, 827–831, 835–836, 837, 841n , 846, 877
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 763, 841n
  • non-transfer agreements, 623, 673n
  • Panofsky Panel, 131–132
  • Rusk, notes to, 373–374, 376–378
  • test resumption, 132
  • Thant, letter to, 376
• Balloons, testing, 210–212, 214, 321
• Barber, Arthur W., 607
• Battle, Lucius D., 194
• Beam, Jacob D., 483
• Beigel, Edgar J., 791
• Belgrade Conference, 149–150, 163, 168
• Bell, David S., 56, 69, 226
• Berkner, Lloyd, 143
• Berlin crisis, 110, 111, 130–132, 138, 153, 156, 166n , 173n , 176, 200, 254–256, 274, 275, 279, 187, 274, 275, 279, 403, 405n , 444, 459–460, 485, 494, 652, 688, 754, 775, 791, 793, 796, 871, 887–888
  • and atmospheric testing, 200
  • and ballistic missile test firing, 196
  • Khrushchev speech in Berlin, 762–763
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 789–790
  • military personnel in, 652, 775, 871
  • NATO/Warsaw non-aggression pact, 735, 763, 778n , 791, 793–794, 806, 812
  • nuclear weapons transfer controls, 454, 652
  • Swedish UN test ban resolution, 231
• Bermuda talks, 287, 416–417, 471
• Betancourt, Romulo, 654
• Bethe Panel Report, 230, 303, 584, 599
• Betts, Gen. Austin W., 161, 310, 706
• Bhabha, Homi Jehangir, 194n
• Biological weapons, 318, 387
• Black boxes, 597–598, 626–627, 637, 653, 668, 701, 799
• Blackout, nuclear explosion effects, 178, 179–180, 189–190, 260, 261, 269–270, 313, 903
• Bohlen, Charles E., 86, 184, 240, 471, 472, 651, 727, 763, 766, 828, 832, 836, 866, 868n
• Bombers (see also Air-launched intercontinental ballistic missiles), 173
  • atmospheric testing and, 265–266
  • B-47 aircraft, 421, 424, 433, 770, 787
  • B-52 aircraft, 153, 505, 706, 794–795
  • Badgers, 421, 424, 770, 787
  • Committee of Principals, 611, 616–617, 775
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 407–408, 421, 611, 616–617
  • French nuclear delivery capability, 582–583
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 859
• Bombs, 179, 263, 706, 794–795
• Bomb shelters, 121–122, 180–181
• Bowles, Chester B., 69, 96, 220–221
• Bradbury, Dr., 220
• Brazil, 412, 593
• Broadcast media (see also Radio; Television):
  • USSR resumption of testing, TASS broadcast, 149
• Brook, Sir Norman, 447, 449
• Brown, Harold, 356
  • AICBMs, 129, 261, 265, 269, 270
  • anti-ballistic missiles, 337
  • atmospheric testing, 159, 161–162, 219–220, 260–271, 275, 279, 287, 310, 337, 599, 600
  • Fisk Report, 65–66, 128
  • ICBMs, 62–66, 129
  • inspection issues, 738n
  • Kennedy/Macmillan talks, 272, 275, 279
  • NSC, 60–66, 67, 69, 70–71, 219–220, 337
  • Panofsky Report, letter to Wiesner, 128–129
  • seismic test detection, 514n
  • test ban treaty, 236, 310
• Brubeck, William H., 458n , 503n
• Bruce, David K. E., 140, 281, 447, 449, 471, 472, 744–746, 752, 757, 782, 796–797
• Bullard, Sir Edward, 576, 581
• Bundy, McGeorge, 27n , 356, 587n
  • AEC secret testing, 8–9
  • atmospheric testing (see also testing resumption below), 188–191, 208n , 209–210, 215n , 226–227, 251–253, 286–287, 306, 307, 326–327, 439–442, 470n , 599–601
    • low-yield, 736–738
    • Christmas Island, test requested, 441–442
    • NSC meeting, 328–337, 439, 440
    • Operation Dominic, 50
  • B-52-deliverable bomb development, 794–795
  • Committee of Principals, 141, 142, 144, 146–148, 197, 198, 200, 201, 350, 503, 504, 511–513, 680, 682
  • Disarmament Advisory Committee, 287
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 344, 352, 488, 503, 504, 511–513, 523, 528, 530, 531, 559–560, 597–598, 644, 646
  • France and de Gaulle, 727, 866–869
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, Kennedy preparations, 11–12
  • high-yield bomb development, 706, 707
  • inspection issues, 528, 530, 560, 597–598, 644, 646
  • Kennedy, memos to, 97–98, 306, 597–598
  • Kennedy/Macmillan letter to Khrushchev, 675n , 707n
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 750, 751, 781–782, 789, 797–798, 809n , 822, 835, 841n , 845, 847–848, 855n
  • NATO, multilateral force, 735
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 763, 781
  • non-diffusion agreements, 619n , 632, 781
  • secret testing, 8–10, 734
  • seismic sensing, UK/US research, 539
  • test ban proposals, 96, 159, 161, 208n , 209–210, 236–237, 239, 310, 503, 504, 511–512, 680, 644, 767, 898–899
    • JCS study, 802
    • Khrushchev/Harriman/Hailsham talks, 750, 751, 781–782, 789, 797–798, 809n , 822, 835, 836n
    • Stevenson proposal, 458n
    • US/UK joint atmospheric test ban proposal, 208n , 209–210
    • US/UK/USSR talks, 752
  • testing resumption (see also atmospheric testing above), 70–71, 163, 164n , 278, 636, 898–899
    • Committee of Principals on, 141, 142, 144, 146–148, 157–158, 197, 198, 200, 201
    • Nevada Test Site, 259, 635
    • NSC on, 56, 69, 134n , 328–337, 439–442
    • Panofsky Panel report, 114, 134n , 135n , 136n
    • scheduling, 162, 192
    • White House staff meetings, 59, 290
    • yields, 161
  • USSR, CIA defense budget analysis, 104, 548n
• Bundy, William P., 67
• Bunn, George, 681, 849n , 855n
• Burdett, William C., 447, 449
• Burke, Adm. Arleigh, 56
• Burma, 412
• Burris, Col., 217n , 220n , 221n
• Byrns, John W., 92
• Caccia, Sir Harold, 165n , 471, 744, 757
• Canada, 495
  • atmospheric testing by US, 200, 203, 210
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 495, 528–529
  • Kennedy speech to Parliament, 233
  • Kennedy/Khrushchev talks, 93
  • NIEs on nuclear capabilities/policies, 4, 37, 747
  • non-transfer agreements, 640, 643
  • radiation effects of explosions, 4, 37, 93, 200, 203
• Carter, Gen. Marshall S., 582
• Cathright, W.E., 893
• Central Europe (see also specific countries):
  • disarmament policy, NIE on, 38
  • Gromyko/McCloy meeting, 34
• Central Intelligence Agency:
  • ACDA treaty proposal, 431, 653–654
  • disarmament policies, various countries, NIE on, 35n
  • high-yield bomb development, 706
  • military expenditure reductions, verification, 609
  • resumption of testing by US, 259
    • NIE on, 1n
    • USSR results compared, 599–600
    • White House staff meeting, 58
  • test ban proposals, 668–670, 684–685
  • USSR:
    • defense budget analysis, 104
    • testing during moratorium, 48n
    • testing resumption, 168–169, 209, 217–218, 222, 681
  • verification, 468, 668–670
• Chamberlain, Dr., 864n
• Chayes, Abram L., 846n , 875–876
• Chiang Kai-shek, 843, 855
• Chemical weapons, 318, 387
• Chen-yi, 583
• Childs, Marquis, 783n
• China, People’s Republic of:
  • ACDA treaty proposal, 425, 427
  • AICBM, 320
  • atmospheric/space testing, 320, 884
  • Committee of Principals on, 346, 348, 351, 602, 606, 775
  • disarmament policies, 194, 37
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee and, 341, 342, 364, 377–378, 388, 413, 645–646, 649
  • Foster on testing by, 573n , 734
  • GCD, 775, 890
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 184–185
  • German position on, 777, 871, 874
  • Indian position on, 194n , 202n
  • JCS on, 22–23, 427, 689–691, 866, 878–879, 890
  • Kennedy/Macmillan letters, 656–659, 663–664
  • Korea, 878
  • Laos, position on, 34
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 732, 735, 771–772, 783, 784, 789, 790, 796, 800, 801, 803, 808–809, 817, 829, 832, 833, 842–844, 845n , 850–851, 855n , 871, 874
  • McCloy/Gromyko meeting, 33, 34
  • McNamara on, 119
  • military personnel reductions, 464
  • Nitze on, 521
  • non-diffusion controls, 451, 544, 545, 571, 573–574, 583, 602, 618–619, 621–622, 639, 651, 668, 704, 732, 748–749, 752–753, 866
  • nuclear materials production cutoff, report, 31
  • nuclear weapons production, 669, 747, 754
  • Rusk/Gromyko conversation, 184–185
  • test ban proposals, 92, 168, 298, 573–574, 598, 629, 645, 649, 654n , 711n , 734–735, 746, 766, 767n
    • Harriman/Hailsham/Khrushchev talks, 732, 735, 771–772, 783, 784, 789, 790, 796, 800, 801, 803, 808–809, 822, 829, 832, 833, 836, 842–844, 845n , 848n , 855n , 858–859
    • Indian test ban resolution, 202n
    • JCS on, 689–691
    • verification control posts, 93
  • UK position on, 276, 473, 758, 796
  • UN membership, 185, 200, 451, 629
  • USSR, 6, 168, 687, 689, 777, 851–853, 858
• China (Taiwan), 843, 844, 850–851, 855n , 860
• Chiperfield, Robert, 92
• Christmas Island, 207n , 212, 223, 227–230, 236, 245, 251, 252, 274, 278–279, 293, 295–297, 299, 304–305, 310, 316, 356, 441–442, 485, 505, 521, 527, 537
  • Kennedy on, 223, 278–279, 295–297, 521, 527, 537
  • Macmillan on, 227–230, 236, 274, 278–279, 281, 295–297, 316, 356, 441, 527, 537
• Churchill, Winston, 789
• Clandestine testing. See Secret testing.
• Cleveland, Harlan, 159, 200, 201, 233–234, 241, 329, 458n
• Clifton, Chester V., 286
• Cline, Ray S., 582–583
• Cluster warheads, 62, 243
• Committee of Principals on Nuclear Test Negotiations, 13–14, 67–68, 71–78, 116, 141–147, 197–204, 213, 236–241, 345–351, 461–469, 499–510, 601–611, 647, 783, 900–901
  • ACDA treaty proposals, 417–422, 428–433, 436–438, 461–468, 649–650, 679–683, 692, 719–726, 772–776, 900–901
  • AICBMs, 145, 147
  • atmospheric testing, 141–142, 197–202, 213, 501–505, 507–509, 510
  • Berlin crisis, 200
  • bombers, 611, 616–617, 775
  • China, 346, 348, 351, 602, 606, 775
  • comprehensive test bans, 679–681
  • conventional weapons, 346, 506–507, 466–468, 610, 773, 776
  • Cuban missile crisis, 601–602, 605, 612, 775
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 499–509, 601–617
    • atmospheric testing, 500, 501–505, 507–509, 510
    • bombers, 611, 616–617
    • Bundy on, 503, 504, 511–513
    • Congressional approval, 499, 500, 510, 512–513, 616
    • Dean on, 511, 513, 514, 602
    • detection technology, 508, 511–513
    • GCD, 502, 508, 510
    • inspection issues, 395–398, 500, 502, 503, 508–513, 550–551
    • Nitze on, 504, 507, 604
    • non-aligned countries, 421, 504, 511-513
    • outer space testing, 500, 507, 509
    • Rusk on, 499–500, 502–504, 506, 510-
    • Wiesner on, 500, 501, 503, 506, 511
  • espionage, 773, 774
  • Foster on, 499–509, 511, 513, 517–519, 602, 605, 607–617
  • GCD, 141–142, 144–147, 418–422, 502, 508, 510, 601–611, 772–776
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 72–73, 76, 141, 142, 144, 148, 238
  • ICBMs, 351, 418–419, 603, 604, 774
  • inspection issues, 78, 349, 351, 395–398, 417–418, 421, 500, 502, 503, 508–513, 648–650, 500, 772, 775
  • Lemnitzer on, 141, 147, 201, 347–348, 505
  • McNamara on, 73–74, 77–78, 141, 144–145, 148, 197–200, 346–351, 417, 419–421, 462–467, 501, 502, 505–507, 512, 601–611, 679–682, 719–725, 773–774
  • missiles, 143–144, 198, 345–351, 418–422, 602–614, 774
  • Nitze on, 201, 348–349, 468, 504, 507, 521, 604, 607, 610, 722
  • non-aligned countries, 421, 504, 511
  • non-dissemination controls, 508, 513–514
  • nuclear materials production, 143, 144, 606–609
  • nuclear parity concept, 346–347, 349, 605
  • nuclear stockpiles, 145, 351, 606, 774
  • orbiting weapons, 892
  • Rusk on, 71–78, 197–204, 237n , 345–351, 417, 461–468, 499–500, 502–504, 506, 510–513, 601–611, 679–680, 719–726, 773–775
  • Seaborg on, 77, 141, 143, 144n , 148, 198, 199, 200, 238, 240–241, 351n , 436–438, 468, 501, 511, 608, 681–683, 774
  • seismic sensing, 78, 141, 142, 499, 500, 508, 511–513
  • outer space testing, 75, 500, 507, 509
  • Taylor on, 603, 605, 607, 607, 679, 720–723, 774
  • test ban proposals (see also ACDA treaty proposals above), 13–14, 67–68, 71–78, 141–147
    • Bundy on, 503, 504, 511–512, 680
    • McNamara on, 73–74, 144–145, 197–200, 501, 502, 504–505, 679–682, 719–725
    • Rusk on, 71–78, 197–204, 237n , 499–507, 510–514, 679–682, 719–725
    • Wiesner on, 74–75, 77, 78, 236, 240, 241, 500, 503, 504
  • testing resumption, 13–14, 67–68, 71–78, 141–147
    • Bundy on, 141, 142, 144, 146–148, 197, 198, 200, 201
    • Dean on, 74, 77–78, 141, 200, 238
    • Defense Department, 144–148
    • Gilpatric, 141, 145, 198
    • JCS, 147
    • Kennedy and, 141–147
    • Lemnitzer on, 141, 147, 201
    • Macmillan, 144
    • McCloy on, 76–78, 141, 144n , 145–148
    • McNamara on, 73–74, 77–78, 141, 145, 148, 197–200
    • NATO, 146
    • Nitze on, 201
    • Rusk on, 141, 142, 145–146, 148, 197–204
    • UK position, 77, 144, 198
    • Wiesner on, 148
  • underground testing, 75, 239–240, 501, 504, 509, 511–512
  • Vela program, 499
  • verification issues (see also inspection issues above), 468–469, 603
  • Wiesner on, 74–75, 77, 78, 148, 236, 240, 241, 349–350, 351, 418, 420–422, 500, 501, 503, 506, 511, 603–607, 609–611, 682
• Committee on Atmospheric Testing, 227n , 241–248, 250–251, 288–289
• Commonwealth of Nations (see also specific countries), 380
• Communications systems, nuclear explosion effects on, 178, 179–180, 189–190, 260, 262, 269–270
• Communist bloc. See Sino-Soviet bloc; specific countries.
• Comprehensive disarmament. See General and comprehensive disarmament.
• Comprehensive test bans (see also Geneva Conference on the Discontinuance of Nuclear Weapon Tests):
  • ACDA, 679–681
  • Committee of Principals, 679–681
  • JCS on, 24
  • Khrushchev speech, 762
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 688, 719, 722, 723, 728–735, 737, 744–746, 750, 751, 753, 763, 768–772, 779–786, 798, 807, 819–820, 825
  • NIE on, 749
  • UN proposals, 524, 596
  • Indian, 142, 198, 200, 202–203
  • Irish, 26, 203, 451
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 831, 836–837, 846
  • Swedish, 231–233, 451
  • US/UK joint, 596
• Conger, Clement, 358, 503n
• Congo, 29, 85, 86, 285
• Congress of the United States (see also House of Representatives; Senate of the United States; specific members):
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 499, 500, 510, 512–513, 523, 532, 616
  • Fisk Report, availability to, 12
  • French and Soviet visits, briefing, 92–93
  • GCD, intelligence on, 773
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, preparations, 11–12
  • inspection issues, 366, 532, 588, 653, 704
  • Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, 12, 159, 500, 530–533, 639, 646
  • Kennedy national address, briefing, 355–357
  • Kennedy/Zorin exchange of views, 100
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 779, 821, 846
  • seismic sensing, 499, 653
  • test ban proposals, 239, 499, 502, 504, 588, 681–682, 722, 724
  • testing resumption, 56, 143, 144, 153–157
• Conventional weapons (see also Military bases; Military personnel):
  • ACDA, GCD treaty proposal, 466–468, 773, 776, 904
  • atmospheric test ban and Soviet force levels, 299
  • Committee of Principals, 346, 506–507, 466–468, 610, 773, 776
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 341–342, 364, 377, 386, 787
  • Khrushchev on, 112, 776–777
  • McNamara on, 466–468, 506–507, 773
  • nuclear v. disarmament talks, 144–147, 787
  • nuclear warheads, interchangeability, 107, 133
• Cost factors. See Economic issues.
• Courtney, Raymond, 744
• Cousins, Norman, 687
• Couve de Murville, Maurice, 473, 621–622, 651, 675, 727, 766, 828
• Cuban missile crisis, 592, 597, 601–602, 605, 612, 673, 753, 754–755, 773, 775, 789, 796, 871
• Davies, Richard, 685
• Davy Crockett Gun, testing, 123, 156
• de Gaulle, Charles, 657, 869, 895
  • Adenauer on, 778
  • disarmament policy, 38, 173, 309
  • Kennedy, exchanges with, 836, 847, 851–853, 857, 866–868
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 763, 832
  • non-diffusion negotiations, 571, 582
  • test ban proposals, 766, 767n , 782, 822, 823, 827–830, 836, 842, 847, 851–853, 857, 866–869, 885–886
• Dean, Arthur H., 174–176
  • atmospheric/undersea testing, 93–94, 159, 530, 532
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 352, 373, 380, 395–397, 445, 460
    • Committee of Principals, 511, 513, 514, 602
    • inspection, 438, 487–488, 528, 533n , 550–552, 624, 644, 729
    • Kennedy meeting, 371–372, 452–454, 522, 523, 528–530, 531
    • Kuznetsov conversations, 554–555, 644
    • UK position, 359, 360, 365, 374–375, 535–537
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 41–47, 95–97, 530, 532
    • Committee of Principals, 72–73, 76, 142, 144, 148, 238
    • preparations, 12–13, 17–18
    • UK position, 138
  • German Democratic Republic, 254–255
  • Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, 530–533
  • retirement letter, 625
  • test ban proposals, 200, 235–236, 238–239, 362
    • Panofsky Panel report, 114
    • Stevenson proposal, 454, 458n
    • UN and, 158n , 198
    • US/UK bilateral talks, 476–480, 483–484
  • testing resumption, 58, 59, 115, 130
    • Committee of Principals, 74, 77–78, 141, 200, 238
    • NSC on, 56–57, 70, 336
  • Tsarapkin conversation, 254–256
• Defense Atomic Support Agency, 121, 122
• Defense Department:
  • ACDA treaty proposals, 423, 424, 427, 428, 433, 434–437, 721
  • atmospheric testing, 188–191, 197, 211, 223, 241, 248, 260, 269, 283, 306, 321, 440, 442, 566–567
  • Committee of Principals, 144–148, 346, 349–350, 421, 680, 681, 721
  • delivery vehicles, ACDA reduction plan, 346–347
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 387, 408–411
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, Kennedy preparations, 11
  • high-yield bomb development, 706
  • nuclear materials reductions/cutoffs, 109–110, 606–607
  • orbiting nuclear weapons, 892
  • outer space testing, 564
  • seismic sensing, 489, 539, 645
  • test ban proposals, 306, 528, 680, 721
  • testing resumption (see also atmospheric testing above), 70–72, 636
    • Brown report to NSC, 60–61
    • Committee of Principals, 144–148
    • interagency panel on results, 599-600 Kennedy and, 156, 178, 181–182, 636
    • NSC on, 56, 440
    • nuclear weapons effects program, 260
    • scheduling, 193
  • UN, Kennedy disarmament speech, 172–173
  • underground testing, 882
• Delivery vehicles. See Bombers; Missiles.
• Denmark, 232
• Denuclearized zones. See Nuclear free zones.
• Detection technology (see also Seismic sensing of nuclear explosions):
  • AFTAC, 489–491, 500, 514–516, 645
  • atmospheric testing, 142, 257, 268, 369, 477–478
  • Atomic Energy Detection System, 638, 882–885
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 508, 511–513, 514, 522
  • JCS memo to McNamara, 24
  • Macmillan letter to Kennedy, 565
  • McCone on, 670
  • NIE on testing resumption, 3, 49–51
  • Panofsky Panel, 106–107
  • small-scale violations, 66, 514–516
  • UK position, 365–369, 492–493
  • US/UK cooperation, 476–484
• Developing countries (see also Africa; Asia; Latin America; specific countries), 615–616, 808
• Dillon, C. Douglas, 69, 221, 329, 781
• Dirksen, Everett M., 92, 155, 356
• Disarmament Administration:
  • Committee of Principals, 144–147
  • GCD policy, Kennedy UN speech, 172
  • Goodby memorandum, 14
  • McCloy designated as adviser, 7–8
• Disarmament Advisory Committee, 287
• Disease. See Radiation effects on health.
• Dobrynin, Anatoly F., 86, 443–446, 459–460, 485–487, 541–547, 551, 556–557, 575, 589, 620–621, 624, 628, 632, 640–644, 647–648, 661–663, 673n , 702–705, 781, 793, 885–886, 888–889, 894, 895
• Dodd, Thomas, 220, 713n
• Dulles, Allen W., 56, 69, 88, 136, 141, 142, 148, 152–153, 155, 168, 201, 204, 331
• Earth orbit (see also Outer space; Satellites):
  • Mercury program, 567
  • weapons in, 33, 318, 451–452, 733, 787, 892–893, 896–897
• East-West detente, general:
  • disarmament policy and, NIE, 37–38
  • test resumption by US, NIE, 6
• Eastern Europe (see also specific countries), 34, 174
• Economic issues, 607
  • AEC expenditures on weapons, 774
  • anti-ballistic missile costs, 605, 776
  • atmospheric testing, 162, 188, 226–227, 293, 299, 902
  • Atomic Energy Detection System, 903
  • bomb sizing (megatons), 112, 135
  • Chinese, sanctions against, 690
  • defense budget analysis, USSR 61-62, 104
  • GCD production cutoffs, 31, 32, 465–466, 607
  • Gromyko/Rusk conversation, 494–495
  • high-yield weapons testing, 706
  • inspection programs, costs, 31, 525
  • Khrushchev on, 76, 498, 499
  • military expenditure reductions, 733, 799–800, 812–813, 888
    • development aid allowed by, 615–616
    • verification, 609–610, 615–616
  • Nike-Zeus weapons system, 153
  • nuclear materials:
    • production cutoffs, 31, 32, 465–466, 607
    • weight-to-yield ratios, 48, 107, 116–117, 123, 219–220, 243, 245, 246–247, 251, 263–265, 274, 314, 684, 741–742, 756
  • nuclear weapons proliferation, 521, 582–583, 747
  • test ban, 74–75, 690
  • test resumption by US, 882
    • atmospheric v. underground, 162, 188, 226–227
    • Macmillan/Kennedy talks, 273
    • McNamara on, 119, 121–122, 123
  • underground testing, 119, 121–122, 123, 162, 188, 226–227, 366, 589
  • Vela tests, 366
  • weapons proliferation and, 521, 582–583
• Eight-Nation Delegation, 455–456, 476, 481, 483, 517, 522, 551n , 552–553, 554, 661, 671
  • UN activities, 554
• Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 295n , 309, 378–379
  • accidental warfare, 318
  • ACDA, 340–343, 360–361, 369, 387, 388, 406–411, 422–425, 461–468, 499–509, 603n , 648–650, 879, 900–901
  • ACDA treaty proposal, 422–425, 461–468, 499–509, 603n , 648–650, 879, 900–901
  • AFTAC briefing, 551
  • AICBMs, 408, 410
  • atmospheric testing, 317–319, 504
    • Committee of Principals, 500, 501–505, 507–509, 510
    • Dean on, 522, 530, 550–551
    • Foster memos, 518, 559
    • Home letter to Rusk, 538
    • Kennedy and, 326, 518
    • NSC meeting, 329–330, 332, 335, 337
    • Rusk/Dean exchanges, 534–535, 558–561
    • UK/US joint proposals, 527n , 560–562, 656
    • White House staff meetings, 327, 523, 528, 530
  • Ball on, 398–399, 405, 656
    • conventional weapons, 377
    • inspection issues, 373–374, 376–379, 398–399
    • Thant, letter to, 376
  • bombers, 407–408, 421, 611, 616–617
  • Bundy on, 344, 352, 488, 503, 504, 511–513, 523, 531, 559–560
    • inspection issues, 528, 530, 560, 597–598, 644, 646
  • Canadian position, 495, 528–529
  • China, 341, 342, 364, 377–378, 388, 413, 645–646, 649, 656–659, 664
  • Committee of Principals, 499–509, 601–617
    • atmospheric testing, 500, 501–505, 507–509, 510
    • bombers, 611, 616–617
    • Bundy on, 503, 504, 511–513
    • Congressional approval, 499, 500, 510, 512–513, 616
    • Dean on, 511, 513, 514, 602
    • detection technology, 508, 511–513
    • GCD, 502, 508, 510
    • inspection issues, 500, 502, 503, 508–513
    • Kennedy, Foster memos to, 507–514, 612–617
    • Nitze on, 504, 507, 604
    • non-aligned countries, 421, 504, 511
    • outer space testing, 500, 507, 509
    • Rusk on, 499–500, 502–504, 506, 510–513
    • Wiesner on, 500, 501, 503, 506, 511
  • Congressional approval, 523, 532
    • Committee of Principals on, 499, 500, 510, 512–513, 616
    • military expenditure reductions, 616
    • Senate, 523, 530, 654
  • conventional weapons, 341–342, 364, 377, 386, 787
  • Dean on, 352, 373, 380, 395–397, 445, 460, 511, 513, 514, 602
    • inspection, 438, 487–488, 528, 533n , 550–552, 624, 644, 729
    • Kennedy meeting, 371–372, 452–454, 522, 523, 528–530, 531
    • Kuznetsov conversations, 554–555, 644
    • Macmillan, Kennedy letter to, 535–537
    • UK position, 359, 360, 365, 374–375
  • Defense Department on, 387, 408–411
  • detection technology, general, 508, 511–513, 514, 522
  • Foster on, 358, 362–363, 365–367, 369–370, 376–378, 380, 386, 413, 452–454, 461–468, 499–509, 511, 513, 517–519, 522, 529, 531, 559–560, 602, 605, 607–617, 627, 644–645
    • Dean note to, 550–551
    • Kuznetsov conversations, 554–555, 730
    • McCone discussion, 637–639
    • UK position on inspection, 533
  • French position, 473
  • GCD proposals:
    • Committee of Principals on, 502, 508, 510
    • Dean note to Rusk/Foster, 551
    • Eight-Nation Delegation, 455–456, 476, 481, 483, 517, 522, 554
    • Gromyko proposal, 381, 384, 770
    • JCS on, 889–892
    • Kennedy/Gromyko conversation, 894–895
    • Kennedy letter to Macmillan, 551n , 536–537
    • UN, Rusk/Gromyko talks, 572, 574–575
    • US/UK joint proposal, 559–562, 656
    • Wiesner on, 552–553
  • Gromyko on, 378, 380, 381–385, 405–406, 413, 444–446, 448, 493–495, 770, 787, 894–895
    • GCD proposals, 381, 384, 770
    • Kennedy conversation, 894–895
  • Home on, 379, 380–385, 412, 448, 492
    • Rusk, note to, 537–539
  • ICBMs, 377, 406–408
  • Indian position, 453, 553
  • inspection issues, 341, 342, 349, 354–355, 455–456, 500, 502, 503, 540–541, 623–625
    • Ball on, 373–374, 376, 378–379, 398–399
    • Bundy on, 528, 530, 560, 597–598, 644, 646
    • Committee of Principals on, 395–398, 500, 502, 503, 508–513, 550–551
    • Dean on, 438, 487–488, 528, 533n , 550–552, 624, 644, 729
    • Fisher on, 387, 388–390, 648–649
    • Foster on, 508–509, 517–519, 559–560, 637–639, 653–654
    • JCS on, 890, 891
    • Kennedy on, 401–403, 414–415, 488, 628–629, 644–647, 648, 655–656, 660–661, 666–667, 677–678, 767–768
    • Khrushchev on, 438–439
    • McCone on, 637–639, 653–654, 668–670
    • McNamara on, 532, 645, 773
    • NSC meeting, 411–414
    • Rusk/Kuznetsov conversation, 456–457, 555, 628–631
    • Rusk on, 487–488, 550–551, 624, 644–647
    • UK position, 511, 513, 533, 536, 537–538, 541, 559
    • UN and, 413–414
    • White House staff meetings, 364, 370, 528–529, 532, 644–646
    • Wiesner memos to Kennedy, 552–554, 580–581
  • JCS on GCD, 889–892
  • Kaysen memo to Kennedy, 339–343
  • Kennedy/Khrushchev letters, 324–325, 357–358, 568–569, 575–579
  • Kennedy/Macmillan joint letter to Khrushchev, 666–667, 670–671, 676–678
  • Kennedy/Macmillan letters, 414–415, 655–656, 660–661, 767–768
  • Khrushchev and, 381
    • inspection issues, 438–439
    • Macmillan/Kennedy joint letter to, 666–667, 670–671, 676–678
    • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 733, 786, 787, 800, 831
    • testing, 414–417, 664
    • US/UK proposals, 561–562
  • McNamara and, 363–364, 406–411, 520, 531, 604–605
    • inspection issues, 532, 645, 773
    • JCS, 889–892
  • Mexico, 412
  • military bases, foreign, 461–464
  • missiles, 340, 342, 386–388, 377, 406–411
  • NATO, 340–341, 343, 364, 378, 388, 413
  • Nitze on, 371, 504, 507, 521, 604, 644–646
  • non-aligned countries (see also Eight-Nation Delegation), 412, 413, 421, 453, 504, 511, 530, 665
  • non-dissemination controls, 453–454, 508, 513–514, 519, 535
  • nuclear materials transfers, US/USSR, 370, 388
  • orbiting weapons, 318, 733
  • outer space testing:
    • Committee of Principals on, 500, 507, 509
    • test ban, 563–565, 568–569, 576, 577–578, 585–586, 810, 896–897
    • UK/US proposal, 560–562
    • Rusk/Dobrynin conversations, 444–446, 647, 889
    • Seaborg on, 468, 501, 511, 644–647
    • secret testing, 370, 375
    • seismic sensing, 371, 398–399, 405, 487–489, 551n , 552–553, 597, 637–639, 649
    • Senate approval, 523, 530, 654
    • Stevenson/Kennedy exchange, 450–452, 454, 458–459
    • Swedish position, 530n , 553
    • Taylor on, 889–892
    • UK position, 352–355, 358–361, 365–367, 551n
      • Dean on, 359, 360, 365, 374–375, 535–537
      • Home letter to Rusk, 537–539
      • inspection system, 511, 513, 533, 537–538, 559
      • Kennedy letter to Macmillan, 535–537
      • Ormsby Gore on, 352–355, 360, 365–368, 372, 415
      • Rusk talks, 492–493
      • test ban proposals, 352–355, 365–367, 395–398, 399n , 480–481, 483, 649, 650
    • US/UK joint proposal, 560–562, 656
  • UN, 379, 555, 596
    • Eight-Nation proposal, 522
    • Gromyko on, 381–382, 384
    • inspection issues, 413–414
    • outer space, resolution on weapons in, 896–897
  • underground testing, 370, 371, 519, 555
  • underwater testing, US/UK proposal, 559–562
  • US/UK/USSR exchanges, 380–385, 633
  • verification issues (see also inspection issues above), 381–384, 395–398, 456–457, 634
  • Wiesner on, 362, 363, 370–372, 413–414, 418, 492, 500, 501, 503, 506, 511, 551n , 521, 552–553, 521, 644
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 372, 473, 657
  • AEC secret tests, 8–10
  • Committee of Principals, 13–14
  • open skies proposal, 90
  • test ban proposals, 93n , 370, 413, 512, 578, 589
  • test resumption, 589
  • U-2 incident, 274–275, 279
  • US/UK/USSR exchange, 380–385
• Electromagnetic pulse (see also Communications systems; Blackout), 260–262, 269–270, 584
• Eniwetok Proving Grounds, 182, 191, 206–207, 211, 212, 220, 222, 245
• Espionage:
  • Committee of Principals on, 773, 774
  • Khrushchev:
    • inspection as, 486, 695, 715, 719, 729
    • Kennedy talks, 88–89
  • nuclear testing and, 168–170, 412
  • U-2 incident, 274–275, 279, 497
• European Regional Organizations:
  • Swedish, UN test ban resolution, 231–233
  • test ban talks, 311
• Evans, Harold, 447, 449
• Ewell, Col. Julian J., 236, 259, 327, 441
• Fallout. See Radiation effects on health.
• Farley, Philip J., 316, 362
• Fedorenko, Nikolay T., 627, 628, 632–634
• Finney, John, 12, 488
• First-strike capability, 266, 291–292, 301, 302, 343, 799
• Fisher, Adrian S., 56, 69, 96, 141, 234, 308–309, 327, 362, 406, 422, 502, 516, 604, 607, 648–650, 657n , 713–714
  • ACDA, GCD treaty proposal, 418–419, 432, 467, 500
  • B-52 reductions, 505
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 386–390, 406–411, 469, 535, 644, 646, 722
  • high-yield bomb development, 706–707
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 817–818, 838, 849n
  • military base reductions, 608
  • non-diffusion negotiations, 570n
  • Plowshare program, 725
  • seismic sensing, 488, 581n
  • US/UK cooperation, 477, 478–479
  • Vela tests, 488
• Fisk, John (see also Fisk Panel Report), 12–13
• Fisk Panel Report, 12, 14–17, 65–66, 70–71, 106, 124, 125, 128
• Fissile materials. See Nuclear materials, weapons grade.
• Foreign Weapons Evaluation Group, 230
• Foster, William C., 98, 136, 141, 147, 173, 197, 204, 208n , 220, 239–240, 259, 283, 288, 330, 334, 334, 345–349, 440, 499, 505–506, 523, 625, 679, 711, 726, 898, 900
  • ACDA treaty proposals, 417–425, 426–438, 461–468, 603–604, 653–654, 679, 682, 719–724, 772, 774, 775
  • B-52-deliverable bomb development, 794–795
  • bomber reductions, 611, 616–617
  • Chinese testing, 573n , 734
  • Cuban missile crisis, 605
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 358, 362–363, 365–367, 369–370, 376–378, 380, 386, 413, 452–454, 461–468, 522, 529, 531, 559–560, 627, 644–645
    • Committee of Principals, 499–509, 511, 513, 517–519, 602, 605, 607–617
    • Dean note to, 550–551
    • Kuznetsov conversations, 554–555, 730
    • McCone discussion, 637–639
    • UK position on inspection, 533
  • France, nuclear free zones, 593
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 744, 746n , 750, 751, 779, 784, 827, 830, 837, 841n , 845, 877
  • military base reductions, 607–608, 614–615
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 763, 841n
  • non-diffusion negotiations, 570n , 582–583, 668
  • seismic sensing, 517–519, 644–645, 653–654
  • Stevenson test ban proposal, 454, 458n
  • Tsarapkin/Fedorenko talks, 632–634
  • Vela project results, 499
• Foster Plan, 173, 340n , 344n
• Four-Power Disarmament Meetings, 528–529, 539, 660
• France:
  • atmospheric test ban, 782
  • Berlin crisis, 652, 791, 793
  • bombers, 582–583
  • Bundy on, 727, 866–869
  • disarmament policies, general, 38, 144, 309
  • Franco-German Treaty, 640–641, 658
  • GCD, 38, 173, 309, 895
  • Harriman/Hailsham/Khrushchev talks, 827–830
  • Kennedy/de Gaulle exchanges, 80, 727, 836, 847, 851–853, 857, 866–868, 895
  • Kennedy/Khrushchev talks, 88
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 784, 791–794, 796, 799–801, 803, 804, 812, 817, 825, 827–832, 842, 843, 851–853, 857–858, 860, 866–869, 885–886
  • NATO, 33, 621–622, 648, 652
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 763, 791–794, 827–832, 852, 867, 868
  • non-proliferation, 544, 571, 582–583, 620, 630, 632, 639, 660, 668
    • Alphand/Tyler conversation, 650–652
    • Berlin crisis and, 652
    • de Gaulle on, 571, 582
    • Franco-German Treaty, 640–641, 658
    • Gromyko/McCloy meeting, 33
    • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 745, 792, 794
    • NATO, 621–622, 648, 652
    • NIE on, 747, 748, 649
    • nuclear free zones, 593
  • nuclear weapons production, 754
    • aid from US for, 829, 836, 881, 886
    • McCone on, 669
    • NIE on, 747, 748, 649
  • test bans, 33, 93, 298, 565, 573, 574, 578, 649, 727, 766, 784, 791, 796, 799–801, 803, 804, 827–830, 851–853, 857–858
    • de Gaulle on, 766, 767n , 782, 822, 823, 827–830, 836, 842, 847, 851–853, 857, 866–868
    • JCS on, 878
    • NIE on US resumption of testing, 4
  • testing by, 4, 33, 473, 522, 694, 784, 791–794, 796, 799–801, 803, 804, 812, 817, 825, 828, 843, 857, 886
    • Macmillan/Kennedy talks, 273, 753, 754
    • Macmillan on, 828, 847, 869n
    • McMahon Act and, 881
    • McNamara on, 119
    • Nitze on, 646
    • Pacific Ocean, 842
    • Sahara Desert, 694, 698, 709, 842, 856–857
    • seismic sensing of, 489–490, 694, 709
    • UK position, 473, 828, 857
    • UN test ban resolutions, 158, 796
  • UN and, 158, 593, 796
  • underground testing, 473, 522, 694, 792, 886
  • US aid for nuclear weapons development, 836, 881, 886
• Franco, Gen. Francisco, 844
• Franco-German Treaty, 640–641, 658
• Fulbright, J. William, 92, 154, 356
• Fusion weapons. See Neutron bombs.
• Gaithright, Wreathram E., 469, 499n
• Gaitskell, Hugh, 92–93, 323–324
• Galbraith, J. Kenneth, 194n
• General and comprehensive disarmament:
  • ACDA treaty proposals, 417–425, 426–438, 500–506, 508, 603–604, 772–776, 904
    • AEC role, 433, 434
    • conventional weapons, 466–468, 773, 776, 904
    • Defense Department, 423, 424, 427, 428, 433, 434–437, 721
    • delivery vehicles, reduction plan, 346–347
    • Fisher on, 418–419, 432, 467, 500
    • German position, 904–905
    • Kaysen on, 425, 429, 430, 434–436, 437, 724
    • military personal reductions, 427, 464–467, 506–507
    • missile reduction provisions, 345–351, 406–411, 430–432, 434–436, 465, 603–604, 772–776
    • Rusk on, 422, 423, 428–433, 436–437, 500–506, 603, 679–682, 904–905
    • Wiesner on, 420–424, 429–431, 500, 774
  • China, 775, 890
  • Committee of Principals on, 141–142, 144–147, 418–422, 502, 508, 510, 601–611, 613–617, 772–776
  • conventional weapons, 466–468, 773, 776, 904
  • cost issues, 31, 32, 465–466, 607
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 502, 508, 510, 551
    • Eight-Nation Delegation, 455–456, 476, 481, 483, 517, 522, 554
    • Gromyko proposal, 381, 384, 770
    • JCS on, 889–892
    • Kennedy/Macmillan letter, 551n , 536–537
    • Rusk/Gromyko talks, 572, 574–575
    • US/UK joint proposal, 559–562, 656
    • Wiesner and, 551n , 552–553
  • French position, 38, 173, 309, 895
  • German position, ACDA proposal, 904–905
  • Gromyko and, 33, 34–35, 84–85, 381, 384, 572, 574–575, 770, 894–895
  • JCS on, 889–892
  • Kennedy and, 92–93, 102, 172, 364–365, 508, 518–518, 536–537, 894–895
  • Khrushchev and, 84–85, 111–114, 819, 855
  • Macmillan, Rusk telegram, 166
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 775, 781
  • outer space, weapons in, 897
  • Rusk on, 422, 423, 428–433, 436–437, 499–507, 510–514, 541n , 603, 679–682, 904–905
  • Stevenson on, 175–176
  • UK position, 480–482, 551n
  • UN role, 172, 554, 560, 572, 574–575
  • US/UK joint proposal, 559–562, 656
  • Wiesner on, 420–424, 429–431, 500, 551n , 552–553, 774
  • Zorin on, 99–102
• Geneva Conference on the Discontinuance of Nuclear Weapon Tests, 257–258
  • AEC, Kennedy preparations, 11
  • atmospheric testing, 13, 93–94, 97, 159, 208, 289, 294, 301, 530, 532
  • Ball on, 132
  • Bundy on, 11–12
  • China, inclusion, 184–185
  • Committee of Principals on, 72–73, 76, 141, 142, 144, 148, 238
  • Congress, 11–12
  • Dean on, 12–13, 17–18, 41–47, 72–73, 76, 95–97, 138, 142, 144, 148, 238, 513, 514, 530, 532
  • Defense Department, 11
  • Fisher memo, 386–390
  • inspection issues, 13, 235, 254
  • JCS memo to McNamara, 24
  • Kennedy on, 10–14, 17–18, 52–53, 91, 93n , 95–97, 101, 130, 138, 140, 234, 274, 278, 289
  • Khrushchev on 44, 45, 47, 52–53, 83–84, 91, 112
  • Macmillan/Kennedy exchanges, 52–53, 130, 138, 140, 274, 278, 289
  • McCloy/Gromyko meeting, 32–34
  • McCloy on, 10–13, 41–47, 53–57, 67–68, 94n , 95–97, 101
  • McNamara on, 67–68, 74–78, 121, 124r
  • monitoring, 13, 235, 254
  • Ormsby Gore on, 52, 115, 130, 138, 140
  • NIE on effects of US resumption of testing, 1–3
  • Nitze on, 11
  • NSC on, 56–57
  • nuclear materials, 318
  • Rusk/Gromyko conversation, 493–495
  • Seaborg on USSR testing, 10–14, 199
  • secret testing by US, impact on, 9
  • seismic sensing, 13, 235
  • Stevenson on, 82–83
  • Tsarapkin on, 254–256
  • troika proposal, 94, 112
  • UK position, 47
  • UN, McCloy telegram to U Thant, 44
  • underwater testing, 93–94
  • US/UK proposal for ban, 208, 294
• German Democratic Republic (see also Berlin):
  • Adenauer on, 871–872, 874–875
  • Dean/Tsarapkin conversation, 254–255
  • Khrushchev on, 686, 688, 694, 790, 801
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty adherence, 811, 843–844, 848n , 851, 854, 863–864
  • military personnel stationed, 799, 812
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 791, 793, 801, 805–806
  • nuclear-free zones, 889
  • nuclear non-proliferation agreements, 413, 451, 496, 544–547, 570, 618, 621, 544–547, 570–571, 602, 618, 621, 622, 632, 642–643, 651–652, 660, 675, 686, 746
    • Adenauer on, 571, 582
    • Berlin crisis and, 454, 652
    • Franco-German Treaty, 640–641, 658
    • NATO, 641, 746
• German reunification, 187, 905
• Germany, Federal Republic of (see also Berlin crisis):
  • disarmament policy, NIE on, 38
  • Franco-German Treaty, 640–641, 658
  • Kennedy/Adenauer letters, 763–765, 777–778
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 789, 799, 801, 812, 828, 836, 848, 870–876
  • military personnel stationed, 799, 812
  • NATO, 34, 641, 746, 905
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 763–765, 778n , 796, 801, 828, 831–832
  • non-diffusion agreements, 413, 451, 454, 496, 503n , 544–547, 570–571, 582, 602, 618, 621, 622, 632, 640–641, 642–643, 651–652, 658, 660, 675, 686, 746
  • nuclear capabilities, 521, 747, 886
  • nuclear free zones, 889
  • recognition of GDR, 863–864
  • Rusk/Adenauer conversation, 873–876
  • test ban proposals, 646, 686, 789, 799, 801, 812, 828, 836, 848, 870–876
• Gilpatric, Roswell L.:
  • ACDA treaty proposal, 423, 424, 428–432, 437
  • AICBMs, 313, 314
  • atmospheric testing, 159, 161, 189n , 197n , 198, 215n , 226, 283, 310, 312–316, 333, 599, 711, 902–903
  • Atomic Energy Detection System, 882–885, 903
  • Committee of Principals, 141, 145, 198
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 531, 644
  • high-yield bomb development, 706
  • inspection, 532
  • JCS on approach to Soviets, 53–54
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 822
  • non-diffusion negotiations, 570n
  • outer space:
    • testing, 564
    • weapons in, 896–897
  • secret testing by US, McCloy, letter to, 53–54
  • test ban proposals, 644
  • testing resumption, 56, 69, 141, 145, 198, 312–316
  • underground testing, 881–885, 902
  • underwater testing, 313–314, 903
• Glenn, Col. John, 331
• Goa, 273, 285
• Godber, Joseph B., 255, 374–375, 380, 395–398, 438, 472–475, 533, 541, 744
• Goetz, Betty, 570n
• Goodby, James E., 14, 288n , 358, 480–482, 570n , 657n
• Gore, Albert, 154, 155
• Greelee, Capt., 363
• Green, Howard C., 495
• Greenhill, Denis, 642n
• Gromyko, Andrei A.:
  • accidental warfare, 33
  • atmospheric testing, 572–575
  • Berlin, 494, 887–888
  • Central/Eastern Europe, 34
  • China, 33, 34, 184–185, 573–574
  • Committee of Principals on, 605, 610, 611
  • Congo, 29
  • costs of weapons development, 494–495, 888
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 378, 380, 381–385, 405–406, 413, 444–446, 448, 493–495, 770, 787, 894–895
  • GCD, 33, 34–35, 84–85, 381, 384, 572, 574–575, 770
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 184–185
  • Kennedy, conversations with, 589–592, 894–895
  • Kennedy/Khrushchev talks, 86
  • Khrushchev opinion of, Macmillan on, 664
  • Kohler/Trevelyan meeting, 685–686
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 800, 803–807, 814, 817, 820, 827, 838–841, 853–855, 856
    • Chinese testing, 842–844, 845n
    • French position, 825, 829, 842, 856–857
    • German Democratic Republic, 843–844, 854
    • peaceful uses of nuclear explosions, 824
    • wartime uses v. testing of weapons, 849
  • McCloy meeting, 32–34
  • military expenditure reductions, verification, 609
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 805–806, 809n , 814, 826, 832, 833–834, 840, 887–888
  • non-proliferation negotiations, 33, 496, 503n , 542–544, 557–559, 602, 660, 672
  • outer space, weapons in, 897
  • Rusk and, 32–34, 83–85, 184–185, 381, 384–385, 405–406, 493–496, 502, 503n , 542–544, 557–559, 572–574, 602, 651, 660, 672, 887–889, 895
  • Stevenson talks, 19, 28–29
  • US/UK joint test ban proposal, 426
  • UN, 572–575, 602, 897
  • GCD proposal, 572, 574–575
  • veto power of Soviets, 85
  • US foreign base reduction, 463, 610
  • US/UK/USSR exchanges, 633
• Ground shock (see also Hardened sites), 260, 270
• Gryzlov, A. A., 99, 380
• Gullion, Edmund A., 20–21, 69
• Guthrie, John C., 324, 628, 648
• Hailsham, Viscount Quinton (see also Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations (Harriman/Hailsham Moscow mission), 734, 757
• Hallstein, Walter, 851
• Hammarskjold, Dag, 86
• Hard Hat shot, 121–122, 123, 190
• Hardened sites, 121–122, 123, 180–181, 190, 219, 243, 313, 333, 802
• Hardtack shot, 489
• Harriman, W. Averell (see also Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations (Harriman/Hailsham Moscow mission), 656, 673n , 736n , 737
• Haworth, Leland J., 399–401, 468, 469, 501, 516, 521, 551n , 599, 600, 706, 738n
• Health. See Radiation effects on health.
• Heath, Edward, 471, 744
• Heathcoat Amory, Robert, 310, 349, 362
• Hickenlooper, Bourke, 92, 356
• High-altitude testing, 261, 274, 313, 442, 470, 566, 567, 883–884, 903
• High-yield nuclear weapons, 188, 706–707
  • yield-to-weight ratio, 48, 107, 116–117, 123, 219–220, 243, 245, 246–247, 251, 263–265, 271, 274, 314, 644, 684, 741–742, 756
• Hillenbrand, Martin J., 459, 485, 493, 589
• Hoeven, Charles, 92
• Holifield, Chet, 143, 356, 500, 530
• Home, Lord Alexander Frederick Douglas, 160, 252
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 379, 380–385, 412, 448, 492
  • Gromyko and, 887–889
  • Kennedy/Macmillan joint letter to Khrushchev, 675, 676n
  • Kennedy/Macmillan talks, 272, 276–278, 281, 757
  • non-diffusion negotiations, 570, 621–622, 675, 755
  • Rusk and, 471–475, 537–539
  • seismic sensing, 537–538, 539, 591
• Honest John rocket, 196
• Hood, Viscount Samuel, 160, 352, 358–361, 533n , 536
• Horowitz, Solis, 514n
• Hosmer, Craig, 645, 735
• House of Representatives (see also specific Representatives), 92–93
• Humphrey, Hubert H., 92, 115, 155, 713–714
• Hungary, Soviet aggression, 285, 793
• Ilyichev, Ivan, 493
• Imhof, Johannes V., 650
• India, 29, 249, 639
  • Chinese nuclear capability, 194n , 202–203
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 453, 553
  • NIE on US resumption of testing, 4
  • nuclear capabilities, 521, 747
  • UN resolution against testing, 142, 198, 200, 202n
• Indochina, 23, 184–185
• Indonesia, 4
• Ink, Dwight, 822
• Inspection issues (see also Seismic sensing of nuclear explosions), 362, 478
  • ACDA treaty proposals, 370, 417–418, 421, 427, 488, 500, 648–650, 772–773, 775
  • AEC, 645
  • Ball on, 373–374, 376, 378–379, 398–399, 401–403
  • Brown on, 738n
  • Bundy on, 528, 530, 560, 597–598, 644, 646
  • Committee of Principals on, 78, 349, 351, 417–418, 421, 500, 502, 503, 508–513, 648–650, 500, 772, 775
  • Congressional concerns, 366, 532, 588, 653, 704
  • costs and personnel, 31, 525
  • Dean, Kennedy letter, 18
  • Dean/Tsarapkin conversation, 254–256
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 341, 342, 349, 354–355, 455–456, 500, 502, 503, 540–541, 623–625
    • Dean/Godber, joint proposal, 395–398
    • Dean on, 438, 487–488, 528, 533n , 550–552, 624, 644, 729
    • Fisher on, 387, 388–390, 648–649
    • Foster on, 508–509, 517–519, 559–560, 637–639, 653–654
    • JCS on, 890, 891
    • Khrushchev on, 438–439
    • McCone on, 637–639, 653–654, 668–670
    • McNamara position, 532, 645, 773
    • NSC meeting, 411–414
    • Rusk/Kuznetsov conversation, 456–457, 555, 628–629, 630–631
    • Rusk on, 487–488, 550–551, 624, 644–647
    • seismic sensing, 487–488
    • UK position, 511, 513, 533, 537–538, 541, 559
    • UN and, 413–414
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 13, 235, 254
  • Gromyko/Kennedy talks, 590–591
  • Gromyko/McCloy meeting, 32
  • Haworth letter to Long, 399–401
  • IAEA, peaceful uses of nuclear materials, 26–27, 607
  • Inspection Study Group, conclusions, 524–527
  • JCS memos to McNamara, 25, 427, 456–457, 890
  • Kennedy, 401–403, 488, 500, 508–509, 510–513, 517–519, 522, 580–581, 597–598, 623–624, 626–629, 644–647, 648, 708–710, 738–744
  • Kennedy/Khrushchev exchanges, 86, 87–90, 438, 576, 585–586, 623–624, 693–698
  • Kennedy/Macmillan exchanges, 414–415, 438–439, 536, 655–656, 660–661, 738–744, 767–768
  • Kennedy/Macmillan joint letters to Khrushchev, 666–667, 677–678, 686, 695–698, 708–710, 714–718
  • Khrushchev on (see also Kennedy/Khrushchev and Kenedy/Macmillan subheadings above), 486, 496–497, 597–598, 623–624, 627, 656, 660, 662, 665–667, 670–671, 686, 693–699, 714–718, 773
    • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 438–439
    • espionage, inspection as, 486, 695, 715, 719, 729
    • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 728–731, 745, 786, 799
    • Kohler conversation, 587–588, 686
    • McCloy meeting, 112
    • Thompson talks, 496–499
  • Kuznetsov on, 628–629, 630–631
  • Macmillan on, see Kennedy/Macmillan subheadings above
  • McNamara on, 346, 456–457, 501, 532, 645, 773
  • missiles, 773–774
  • NATO, observation posts, 888
  • non-aligned countries, 478, 598, 677–678
  • NSC on, 411–412
  • nuclear stockpiles, 387
  • public opinion, 366, 367, 653
  • reliability, 31
  • resumption of testing by US, 58–59
  • Rusk/Dobrynin conversations, 485–487, 702–704
  • Rusk on, 487–488, 550–551, 624, 644–647, 888
  • Seaborg on, 624–625, 644–647
  • Stevenson on, 82, 317, 450–452
  • Soviet monitoring of US tests, NIE, 3, 5
  • UK position (see also Kennedy/Macmillan subheadings above), 365–367, 391–393, 399–403, 425–426, 475, 478–480, 492–493, 511, 513, 530, 533, 537–538, 541, 559, 626–627, 632–633, 649, 656
  • UN resolutions, 573, 596
    • monitored ban, 203
    • unmonitored ban, 131, 202, 204
  • unmonitored ban proposals, 131, 202, 204, 471, 478, 555, 565
  • US/UK joint proposal, 425–426, 656
  • US/UK/USSR exchanges, 632–634
  • Wiesner on, 413–414, 500, 580–581, 700–701, 738n
  • White House staff meetings, 58–59, 364, 370, 528–529, 532, 644–646
  • zonal, 351, 364, 370, 373, 388–390, 456, 497, 525–526, 890
• Intercontinental ballistic missiles (see also Air-launched intercontinental ballistic missiles), 215, 264
  • anti-ballistic missiles, 40, 48, 73, 134, 179, 189, 199, 201, 215, 333, 336–337, 605, 654, 865
  • Atlas program, 195, 196, 264, 267, 339, 439, 440, 505
  • Brown on, 62–66, 129
  • Committee of Principals on, 351, 418–419, 603, 604, 774
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 377, 406–408
  • Honest John rocket, 196
  • Kaysen on, 299, 300, 301
  • kill mechanisms, testing results, 122
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 774, 859
  • McCone on, 759
  • Minuteman missiles, 63, 153, 216, 219, 263–264, 270, 274, 505
  • Nike-Zeus missiles, 40, 64, 65, 108, 122, 129, 153, 216, 269, 300–301, 333
  • nuclear explosions, disablement of missiles/launch sites (see also Hardened sites), 262, 270, 313, 742
  • outer space, weapons in, 564, 896–897
  • outer space testing, interagency committee (NSAM 156) on ban, 563
  • Polaris program, 13, 63, 153, 195, 197, 216, 219, 263–264, 267, 270, 274, 339, 430–431, 439
  • test firing, 194–196, 215
• Intermediate-range ballistic missiles, 603
• International Atomic Energy Agency, nuclear materials for peaceful purposes, 26–27, 607
• International Court of Justice, 479
• International Disarmament Organization, 318
• Irish UN resolution, 26, 203, 451
• Israel, 639, 748, 749
• Institute for Strategic Studies, 603
• Italy, 521, 747
• Jackson, Henry M., 154–155, 500, 530, 822
• Japan, 249
  • nuclear capabilities, 521, 747
  • US resumption of testing, 4, 356
• Johnson, Chuck, 548n
• Johnson, Gerald, 223, 310, 706
• Johnson, Lyndon B., 56, 92, 153, 154, 156, 287, 329, 336, 362, 523, 531, 644
• Johnson, U. Alexis, 202, 776, 845, 877
• Johnston Island, 211, 212, 220, 223, 251, 274, 441, 485, 566–568, 881, 902
• Joint Chiefs of Staff, 19, 623
  • ACDA treaty proposal, 422–424, 426–427, 431, 434, 437, 720–724
  • AICBMs, 684, 890
  • anti-ballistic missiles, 865
  • atmospheric testing, 55, 183n , 211, 215, 315, 327, 328, 333–334, 720–721, 802, 865
  • ballistic missile, test firing, 194–196, 215
  • China, 22–23, 427, 689–691, 866, 878–879, 890
  • delivery vehicle reductions, 348, 606
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 419, 456–457, 529, 879
  • Fisk Report, 15n , 124, 125
  • GCD, 889–892
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 53–55
  • on Khrushchev, 877–880
  • McCloy on approach to Soviets, JCS response, 53–55
  • McNamara, JCS memos to, 21–27, 109–110, 426–427, 456–457, 889–892
  • military personnel reductions, 110, 464, 530
  • NATO, 21–27
  • neutron bombs, 39–40, 41, 61, 107
  • NIE, 2n , 6–7
  • non-diffusion negotiations, 25–26, 571, 619
  • nuclear materials, 24–25
    • production cutoff, 109–110, 145
    • reductions, 606
  • orbiting nuclear weapons, 892
  • outer space testing, 865
  • Panofsky Panel Report, response, 114, 124–127, 135
  • secret testing, 53–55, 684, 720, 754
  • seismic sensing, 15, 720–721
  • Sino-Soviet bloc, 22–25
  • Stennis Committee, 720, 724, 783, 784n
  • tactical nuclear warfare, 126, 865–866
  • test bans, 679, 683–685, 720–724, 783, 784n , 802, 830, 865–866, 877–880
    • Chinese acceptance of, 689–691
    • inspection issues, 25, 427, 456–457, 683–685
    • Panofsky Panel report, 114
  • testing moratorium:
    • USSR testing during, 51n
    • US voluntary, 38–41, 711
  • testing resumption by US, 684, 898
    • atmospheric, 183n , 211, 215, 315, 327, 328, 333–334
    • Committee of Principals, 147
    • Fisk Report, 15n , 124, 125
    • Kennedy staff meeting, 58
    • Panofsky Panel Report, 124–127, 136
    • underground, 15n , 38–41, 124–127
    • USAF opinion, NIE, 2n , 6–7
  • testing resumption by USSR, intelligence aspects, 168–169
  • US/USSR stockpile transfers to peaceful uses, 351, 365
  • verification issues, 456–457, 683–685
• Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, 12, 159, 500, 530–533, 637, 646
• Jones, William, 248n
• Kadar, Janos, 793, 804
• Karpov, Victor, 628
• Kaysen, Carl, 266n , 287–288, 297, 297–303, 306, 310, 339–343, 344–345, 351, 362, 386n , 452–454, 463, 467–469, 611, 617n , 656, 738n , 855n
  • ACDA, GCD treaty proposal, 425, 429, 430, 434–436, 437, 724
  • AICBMs, 299, 300–302
  • atmospheric testing, 287–288, 297, 297–303, 306, 599, 600, 710–712, 734n
  • Khrushchev speech, 763
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 750, 751, 789, 798n , 807, 847, 855n
  • military base reductions, 608
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 763
  • non-diffusion negotiations, 571n
  • seismic detection, 489–491
  • Stevenson proposals, 458n , 475
  • USSR/US capabilities compared, 599–601, 680
• Kazakhstan, 823
• Keeny, Spurgeon M., Jr., 141, 142, 310, 362, 468, 469, 504, 725, 726
• Kennedy, John F.:
  • accidental warfare, 80
  • ACDA treaty proposals, 422, 423, 434–436, 437, 507–509, 522, 648, 692, 734–735
  • Adenauer, letters exchanged, 777–778, 870–872, 876n
  • AEC:
    • meetings, 152–153, 154, 155, 156, 362, 528, 645
    • Operation Dominic, Seaborg letter, 50
    • reports, 178, 181–182, 210–214
    • secret testing, Bundy letter, 8–10
  • American University speech, 709–714, 727, 737, 801
  • atmospheric testing, 93n , 158–162, 258, 291–295, 297–306, 310, 450–452, 568–569, 575–579, 585–586, 709–714, 727, 737, 801
    • McNamara letter, 214–216
    • NSC on, 217–222, 241–248, 439, 440–442
    • Operation Dominic, 549–550, 566–568
    • Ormsby Gore conversation, 325–326
    • resumption of, 216, 250–251, 282–285, 288–290, 317–322, 328–337, 710–711
    • US/UK joint atmospheric test ban proposal, 208–209, 223–224
    • White House staff meeting, 326–327
  • Berlin crisis, 130, 131, 138, 187, 274, 275, 279, 754, 763
  • black boxes, 597–598
  • China, testing, 99, 654n , 735–736, 801, 886
  • Congressional relations, 11–12, 92–93, 100, 355–357
  • Cuban missile crisis, 592, 753, 754–755, 871
  • de Gaulle, 657, 869, 895
    • letters exchanged, 836, 847, 851–853, 857, 866–868
    • talks, 80, 727
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 401–403, 692
    • Committee of Principals, Foster memos, 507–514, 612–617
    • Dean/Foster meeting with, 452–454
    • Dean retirement letter, 625
    • Fisher paper, 648
    • Kaysen memo, 339–343
    • NSC meeting, 411–414
    • Rusk/Gromyko conversation, 405–406
    • Seaborg on test ban, 393–395
    • seismic sensing, 597–598
    • US/UK joint proposal, 560–562, 568, 656
    • White House staff meetings, 344–345, 362, 369–372, 520–524, 531–533, 644–647
  • Fisk Report, McCloy transmittal to Kennedy, 14–17
  • France, 552–553, 827–830, 885–886, 894–895
    • aid for nuclear weapons development, 836, 881, 886
    • visit to, 92
    • US/UK joint proposal, 560–561, 656
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 10–14, 17–18, 91, 93n , 95–97, 101, 234
  • Gromyko:
    • conversations with, 589–592, 894–895
    • Stevenson talks, 19, 28
  • high-yield bomb development, 706
  • inspection issues, 364, 370, 401–403, 500, 508–509, 510–513, 517–519, 522, 528–529, 532, 597–598, 623–624, 626–629, 644–647, 648, 655–656, 699–700, 708–710, 738–744
  • Khrushchev:
    • Congressional briefing on talks, 92–93
    • letters, 438, 576, 585–586, 623–624, 693–698
    • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 753, 779–785, 789–790, 797–798, 801, 809n , 827–831, 835–837, 845–848, 880–881
    • Macmillan/Kennedy joint letters to, 665–667, 674–678, 685–686, 693–699, 708–710, 714–718
    • Murrow on, 150
    • speech in Berlin, 763
    • talks, 86–91, 687
  • Laos, 206, 673
  • Macmillan (see also under Khrushchev above):
    • on de Gaulle, 657, 869
    • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 797–798
    • letters, 130–131, 164n , 137–140, 143, 164, 227–230, 281, 295–297, 304–305, 308–309, 337–339, 414–417, 438–439, 535–537, 565, 582n , 627–627, 632–633, 655–661, 674–676, 686, 767,768
    • Nassau meeting, 630
    • talks, 272, 276–278, 279, 281, 447–449, 734–735, 738–744, 752–759
  • McCloy/Zorin negotiations, 97–98
  • national address, Congressional briefing, 355–357
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 763–765, 778n , 835
  • non-diffusion negotiations, 570–572, 582n , 618–619, 623, 668, 672–673, 781
  • outer space testing, 563–565, 568–569, 575–579, 781
  • seismic sensing, 489–491, 521–523, 529, 531, 576–577, 579, 580–581, 585–586, 594–595, 597–598, 623–624, 627, 693–698, 700–701, 708–709, 740–742, 753
  • test ban proposals (see also ACDA treaty proposals; atmospheric testing; outer space testing above and underground testing; underwater testing below), 120, 362–365, 393–395, 510–514, 589–592, 654, 628–629, 655–656
    • Panofsky Panel report, 114
    • press coverage, 233–234
    • Soviet aide-memoire, 96–97
    • Stevenson proposal, 403–404, 450–452, 454, 458–459
    • US/UK ban proposals, 208–209, 304–305, 414–415, 565, 626–627, 655–661, 674–676
  • testing resumption (see also atmospheric testing; outer space testing; test ban proposals above and underground testing; underwater testing below), 58–59, 152–157, 470, 635–636, 644
    • Committee of Principals on, 141–147
    • Macmillan/Kennedy letters, 130–131, 137–140, 143, 164, 227–230
    • Murrow letter, 148–149
    • NSC on, 56–57, 69–70, 217–222
    • Panofsky Report, 127n , 131–134
    • press coverage, 235–236
    • report on program, 176–183
    • scheduling, 192–193
    • Stevenson letters, 150–152, 206–207
    • yield of tests, 161, 644
  • UK relations (see also Macmillan above; US/UK subheadings above and below):
    • Christmas Island, 223, 278–279, 295–297, 521, 527, 537
    • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 535–537, 560–562, 568, 656
    • seismic detection cooperation, 391–393
    • testing resumption, 130–131, 137–140, 143, 164, 223–225, 272–281, 295–297
    • underground testing, UK use of US facilities, 225, 477
    • US/UK test ban proposals, 208–209, 304–305, 414–415, 565, 626–627, 655–661, 674–676
    • US/UK/USSR summit, proposed, 665–667, 674–676
  • UN relations, 52, 138, 150–152, 186, 206, 220–221, 304–305, 524
    • fallout testing initiative, 170n
    • speeches, 115, 148, 151, 171–174, 221
    • test ban, 204n
  • underground testing, 131, 139, 521–522, 569, 576, 644, 676, 880–881
    • research on program, 179, 182–183
    • UK use of US facilities, 225, 477
  • underwater testing, 568–569, 575–579
  • US/USSR capabilities compared, 584
  • Zorin, exchange of views, 99–102
• Kennedy, Robert F., 656, 661–663, 673
• Kent, Sherman, 771–772
• Khrushchev, Nikita S.:
  • accidental warfare, 80, 498, 787, 792
  • agricultural development, 800
  • atmospheric testing, 111, 159–160, 286–287
  • Berlin crisis, 110, 111, 187, 274, 275, 279, 688, 762–763, 789–790
  • Chinese relations, 858–860
  • Cousins interview, 687
  • Cuban missile crisis, 592
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 381, 733, 786, 787, 800, 831
    • inspection issues, 438–439
    • Kennedy, letters exchanged, 324–325, 357–358, 568–569, 575–579
    • Kennedy/Macmillan joint letter to, 676–677, 670–671
    • testing, 414–417, 664
    • US/UK proposals, 561–562
  • Eisenhower letter, 93n
  • France, 88, 112
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 44, 45, 47, 52–53, 83–84, 91, 112
  • Germanys, 686, 688, 694, 790, 801
  • inspection issues, 112, 438–439, 486, 496–497, 587–588, 597–598, 623–624, 627, 656, 660, 662, 665–667, 670–671, 686, 693–699, 714–718, 773
    • espionage, inspection as, 486, 695, 715, 719, 729
    • Kennedy exchanges, 86, 87–90, 438, 576, 585–586, 623–624, 695–698
    • Kennedy/Macmillan joint letters, 666–667, 677–678, 686, 695–698, 708–710, 714–718
    • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 728–731, 745, 786, 799
  • Kennedy, John F. (see also Kennedy/Macmillan subheadings below), 69–70, 78, 79–80, 86–93, 101, 150, 598–599
    • Laos, 206, 673
    • letters exchanged, 130, 185–187, 205–206, 324–325, 339, 357–358, 568–569, 575–579, 585–586, 592, 623–624, 627, 636, 656, 661–663, 672–673, 693–699, 714–718, 798
  • Kennedy/Macmillan joint letters to, 665–667, 670–678, 685–686, 693–699, 707–710, 714–718
  • Kennedy/Macmillan talks, 274, 279, 280, 448
  • Kennedy, Robert, 656, 661–663, 656, 673
  • Kohler conversations, 587–588, 685–686
  • Laos, 206, 673
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 688, 719, 722, 723, 728–735, 750, 856–863
    • Bundy on, 750, 751, 781–782, 789, 797–798, 809n , 822, 835, 841n , 845, 847–848, 855n
    • conventional weapons, 112, 776–777
  • McCloy on, 80, 110–114
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact t, 762–766, 770–771, 781, 816, 835, 839–840, 841n
  • non-diffusion controls, 672–673, 675, 686, 731–732
  • outer space testing, 568–569, 575–579, 781
  • Rusk on, 80, 83–85, 86, 113–114, 486, 687, 707–710, 744–746, 763, 766, 779–784, 791–794, 801, 809n , 815–816, 821–823, 827, 829–830, 835, 845–850, 853–855, 877–880
  • seismic sensing, 84, 576–577, 579, 585–586, 587–588, 623–624, 627, 694, 728–730, 745
  • Senate of the US and, 88, 92–93, 783, 805, 809, 810–811, 821–822, 830–831, 835, 841, 857, 849, 854, 880, 881, 886–887
  • test ban proposals, 111, 497–499, 793n
    • Chinese position, 657, 659
    • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 688, 719, 722, 723, 728–735, 744–746, 759, 777
    • Macmillan/Kennedy joint letters to, 665–667, 670–678, 685–686, 693–699, 714–718
    • speech, 763–763
    • Thompson conversation, 687
  • testing resumption, 56–57, 68, 69–70, 155, 286, 414–417
  • underwater testing, 111, 568–569, 576, 577–578, 585–586, 731, 762, 810
• Killian, James R., Jr., 646
• Kistiakowsky, George S., 657
• Kohler, Foy D., 77, 80, 86, 159–160, 184, 362, 444, 459, 471, 472, 485, 493, 496, 498, 587–588, 672, 676n , 685–686, 698, 718, 801, 804, 807, 809, 815, 818, 820, 824, 826, 833, 834, 839, 841, 845, 856, 863
• Komer, Robert, 27n , 58, 70–71, 141, 171–174
• Korea, 23, 811, 844, 848n , 878
• Kornienko, Georgi M., 444, 459, 485, 541, 556
• Kovalev (USSR), 184, 493
• Kuznetsov, Valeriy Alekseevich, 550, 553, 554–555, 597, 624–625, 628–632, 644, 730, 750
• Laos, 28, 34, 206, 673, 688, 775, 788, 790, 796
• Latin America, 285, 451, 593, 781, 888–889
• Lausche, Frank J., 835
• Lawrence Livermore Laboratories, 584
• League of Nations, 100–101, 381, 382
• Legere, Col. Lawrence J., 287, 326–327
• LeMay, Gen. Curtis E., 69, 74, 419, 420–421, 423–424, 689–691, 723n , 724n , 783, 830, 878, 879
• Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L.:
  • ACDA treaty proposal, 426–427, 431, 432, 437
  • ballistic missile, test firing, 194–196
  • Committee of Principals, 347–348, 505
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 364, 365, 529
  • McNamara, JCS memos to, 21–27, 426–427
  • missile reduction agreements, 505
  • nuclear materials production cutoff, 109–110
  • test ban proposals, 310, 362, 898
  • testing resumption:
    • Committee of Principals on, 141, 147, 201
    • NSC meetings, 69, 136, 215n , 333–334, 440
    • Panofsky Panel Report, 124–127, 135
  • US/USSR stockpile transfers to peaceful uses, 351
• Less developed countries. See Developing countries.
• Lilienfeld, Georg von, 778n
• Limited nuclear warfare. See Tactical nuclear warfare.
• Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations (Harriman/Hailsham Moscow Mission) (see also Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations subheadings under other subjects), 688, 719, 722, 723, 728–735, 737, 744–746, 750, 751, 753, 763, 768–881
  • Adenauer on, 777–778, 870–872, 873–876
  • amendment, voting procedure, 825
  • Ball on, 797–798, 809n , 821, 827–831, 835–836, 837, 841n , 846, 877
  • bombers, 859
  • comprehensive test ban proposals, 688, 719, 722, 723, 728–735, 737, 744–746, 750, 751, 753, 763, 768–772, 779–786, 798, 807, 819–820, 825
  • Congressional response, 779, 821, 846
  • conventional weapons, 776–777
  • Fisher on, 817–818, 838, 849n
  • Foster on, 744, 746n , 750, 751, 779, 784, 827, 830, 837, 841n , 845, 877
  • French position, 784, 791–794, 796, 799–801, 803, 804, 812, 817, 825, 827–832, 842, 843, 851–853, 857–858, 860, 866–869
  • German Democratic Republic and, 871–872, 874–875, 885–886
    • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 791, 793, 801, 805–806
    • test ban treaty adherence, 811, 843–844, 848n , 851, 854, 863–864
  • German (FRG) position, 789, 799, 801, 812, 828, 836, 870–876
  • ICBMs, 774, 859
  • Kaysen on, 750, 751, 789, 798n , 807, 847, 855n
  • Kennedy on, 753, 777–778, 779–785, 789–790, 797–798, 801, 809n , 827–831, 835–837, 845–848, 870–872, 876n , 880–881
  • Laos, 775, 788, 790
  • Macmillan on, 751, 776–777, 796–798, 818n , 827, 828, 830, 832, 847, 855n , 869n
  • NATO multilateral nuclear force, 672–673, 732, 735, 745–746, 780–781, 786–787, 790, 797–800
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 732–733, 735, 746, 763–765, 778n , 780, 781, 787–788, 791–794, 797–801, 805–807, 809n , 811–812, 814, 824, 826, 828, 830, 831–834, 835, 839–841, 848
  • non-proliferation controls, 780–781, 784, 786–787, 807, 731–732, 808, 813, 838
  • NSC instructions, 779–788
  • nuclear free zones, 781, 787
  • orbiting weapons, 770, 787
  • peaceful uses of nuclear explosions, 803, 804, 810, 823–824
  • Taylor on, 780, 783–784, 830, 878, 880
  • treaty ratification and deposition, 810–811, 827, 838–839, 841, 843, 850–851, 853, 863–864, 869, 876n
  • UK position, 719, 722, 723, 728–735, 737, 781–782, 796–798
  • UN actions, 831, 836–837, 849
  • underground testing, 779–780, 786, 792
  • unrecognized regimes, 811, 843–844, 848n , 851, 853–855, 863–864
  • wartime use v. testing of weapons, 836–837, 846, 849, 855, 877, 878
  • withdrawal provisions, 803–804, 809–810, 813–818, 821, 824
• Lippmann, Walter, 624, 790
• Long, Franklin, 366, 399–401, 476–478, 516, 529, 551n , 726, 734, 744, 757
• Loper, Gen. Herbert, 15, 125
• Los Alamos Laboratories, 584
• Lovett, Robert A., 530, 531, 532
• Luedecke, Gen. A.R., 223
• Lumumba, Patrice, 29
• Macmillan, Harold (see also Kennedy/Macmillan; Macmillan;UK subheadings under other subjects):
  • atmospheric testing, 160, 208–210, 223–224, 258, 289, 304–305, 560–562, 565
  • Cuban missile crisis, 753, 754–755
  • de Gaulle, 657, 869
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 529
    • Kennedy, letters exchanged, 414–417, 535–537, 655–661, 663–665
    • Khrushchev, Kennedy joint letter to, 665–667, 670–671
    • US/UK joint proposals, 560–562, 656
  • Eisenhower, Camp David declaration, 370
  • French testing, 828, 847, 869n
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, Kennedy and, 52–53, 130, 138, 140, 274, 278, 289
  • inspection issues, 438–439, 530, 626–627, 655–656, 665–667, 670–671, 708–710, 738–744
    • Kennedy exchanges, 414–415, 438–439, 655–656, 660–661, 738–744, 767–768
    • Khrushchev, Kennedy joint letters to, 666–667, 677–678, 708–710
  • Kennedy:
    • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 797–798
    • letters, 130–131, 164n , 137–140, 143, 164, 227–230, 281, 295–297, 304–305, 308–309, 337–339, 414–417, 438–439, 535–537, 565, 582n , 627–627, 632–633, 655–661, 674–676, 686, 767,768
    • talks, 272, 275, 276–278, 279, 281, 447–449, 734–735, 738–744, 752–759
  • Khrushchev:
    • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 751, 776–777, 789, 796–798, 818n , 827, 828, 830, 832, 847, 855n , 869n
    • Kennedy/Macmillan letters on, 52–53, 138, 308–309, 414–417, 626–627, 656, 659, 660, 663–665, 670–671, 674–676
    • Kennedy/Macmillan joint letters to, 665–667, 674–676, 685–686, 707–710
    • Kennedy/Macmillan talks, 448
    • letter to, 425–426
  • Nassau talks, 630
  • non-diffusion negotiations, Kennedy and, 582n , 656, 660, 752–755
  • outer space testing, 565
  • seismic sensing, letter to Kennedy, 391–393
  • test ban proposals, 655–658
    • Kennedy letters exchanged, 414–417, 535–537, 565, 655–661
    • Kennedy/Macmillan joint letters to Khrushchev, 665–667, 674–676, 685–686, 707–710
    • Kennedy talks, 447–449, 752–758
    • Rusk visit to UK, 471–472
  • testing resumption, 56–57, 115, 114, 329, 330
    • Christmas Island tests, 227–230, 236, 274, 278–279, 281, 295–297, 316, 356, 441, 527, 537
    • Kennedy announcement, 356
    • Kennedy letters, 130–131, 164n , 137–140, 143, 164, 227–230, 281, 295–297, 304–305, 337–339, 414–417, 438–439
    • Kennedy talks, 272–281, 447–449
    • Johnston Island tests, 567–568
    • public opinion, 236
    • Rusk telegram, 165–166
  • underground testing, 131, 139, 279, 753–755
  • US facilities used for testing, 225, 477
  • US/UK/USSR exchanges, 632–633
• Makins, Sir Roger, 212
• Malinovsky, Marshal Rodion Y., 859
• Mansfield, Michael J., 92, 154, 356
• Marder, Murray, 12
• Marengo, Louis C., 431, 609, 776
• McCloy, John J., 19, 97–98, 152n , 530
  • atmospheric/undersea testing, 94n , 158–160
  • Berlin crisis, 110, 111
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 528, 531, 532, 553, 613
  • Fisk Report, transmittal to Kennedy, 14–17
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 10–13, 41–47, 53–55, 56–57, 67–68, 95–97, 101
  • Gromyko meeting, 32–34
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 835
  • Kennedy adviser, letter designating, 7–8
  • Khrushchev/Kennedy talks, 80
  • Khrushchev meeting, 110–114, 135
  • nuclear materials production cutoff, 109–110
  • Nuclear Test Delegation, Gullion memo, 20
  • Rusk memo, 113–114
  • secret testing proposal, 9
  • seismic sensing, 45, 46–47, 53–55, 531
  • Soviet aide-memoire, 96
  • test ban negotiations, after Geneva test discontinuance talks, 67–68, 94n , 158–160
  • test moratorium, 39, 45–46
  • test resumption, 43–47, 53–55, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69, 70, 76–78, 116–124, 129, 132, 135, 137, 141, 144n , 145–148, 152n , 155–158, 330
  • US/USSR bilateral negotiations, 105, 174–176
  • USSR defense budget analysis, 104
  • Zorin, meetings with, 37–38, 61, 105, 174–176
• McCone, John, 161–162, 287, 328, 329, 336, 356, 370, 413, 470, 499n , 502, 512, 523, 531–533, 599–601, 637–639, 644–646, 649–650, 653–654, 668–670, 679–681, 721, 736, 759–760, 898
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 773–776, 773–775, 821–823, 831, 835, 864–864
  • high-yield bomb development, 706
• McCormack, John W., 92, 356
• McGhee, George C., 80, 194n , 351, 362, 767n , 848, 870
• McGill, Ralph, 287
• McMahon Act. See Atomic Energy Act of 1946 .
• McNamara, Robert S.:
  • ACDA treaty proposal, 426–427, 462–467, 679, 681–682
  • Adenauer meeting, 870–872
  • AICBMs, 117, 118
  • atmospheric testing, 183n , 197–200, 201, 214–216, 252, 315, 329, 332–333, 439, 504–505, 566–567
  • ballistic missile, test firing, 195n
  • Berlin crisis, 652, 775, 871
  • Committee of Principals, 73–74, 77–78, 141, 145, 148, 197–200, 346–351, 417, 419–421, 462–467, 501, 502, 505–507, 512, 601–611, 679–682, 719–725, 773–774
  • conventional forces reductions, 466–468, 506–507, 773
  • Cuban missile crisis, 601–602
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 363–364, 406–411, 520, 531, 532, 604–605, 645, 773, 889–892
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 67–68, 74–78, 121, 124
  • JCS memos to, 21–27, 109–110, 426–427, 456–457, 889–892
  • low-yield tests, 736–738
  • McCloy, letter to, 109–110, 129
  • military base reductions, 610
  • military personnel reductions, 530
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 763
  • neutron bomb, 220
  • non-diffusion negotiations, 570n , 582n
  • nuclear materials production cutoff, 109–110, 144–145
  • satellite detection of tests, 884
  • secret testing by USSR, 734
  • seismic sensing of tests, 501, 514–516, 531
    • Hard Hat shot, 121–122, 123
  • test ban proposals, 73–74, 144–145, 197–200, 291–295, 310, 362, 372, 501, 502, 504–505, 644, 654, 679–682, 719–725, 759–760, 898
    • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 750, 781, 783, 784, 821–822
    • inspection techniques, 346, 456–457, 501
    • post-Geneva test discontinuance talks, 67–68, 74–78
    • unmonitored, 204
  • testing resumption, 60–66, 73–74, 77–78, 119, 121–122 s, 141, 145, 148, 183n , 197–200, 201, 214–216, 252, 315, 329, 332–333, 439, 470, 504–505, 566–567, 599–601, 898
    • Bundy memo, 162
    • Kennedy meetings, 153–154, 155, 156, 287
    • McCloy, letter to, 116–124
    • NSC on, 56, 69, 217, 332–333
    • Panofsky Panel Report, response, 125
  • underground testing, 504
• McNaughton, John T., 291–295, 362, 437, 468, 757, 817–818, 849n , 855, 904
• Media (see also Radio; Television):
  • atmospheric testing by Soviets, 736–738
  • NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 816
  • New York Herald Tribune, 234
  • New York Times, 12, 164n , 259, 488
  • People’s Daily, 573
  • Washington Post, 12
  • test resumption by US, announcement, 120–121
• Medium-range ballistic missiles (see also Multilateral force; Polaris missiles; Skybolt), 263, 408, 418–419, 431, 604
• Mendelevich, Lev Isaakovich, 628
• Menon, Krishna, 72
• Menshikov, Mikhail Alekseevich, 86
• Mercury program, 567
• Mexico, 28, 412
• Middle East (see also specific countries), 4, 705, 748
• Mikoyan, Anastas Ivanovich, 895n
• Military bases, reduction, 461–464, 506, 509, 607–608, 610, 614–615
• Military personnel:
  • ACDA treaty proposal, 427, 464–467, 506–507
  • atmospheric test ban and Soviet force levels, 299
  • Berlin, 652, 775, 871
  • China, 464
  • Dobrynin/Rusk/Home meeting, 888–889
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 341–342, 370, 377–378, 388, 530
  • European troop movements, monitoring, 869
  • Germanys, 799, 812
  • JCS on reduction of US forces, 110, 464, 530
  • Khrushchev/McCloy meeting, 112
  • Sino-Soviet Bloc v, US allies, 133
  • tactical nuclear weapons training, 802
• Minuteman program, 63, 153, 216, 219, 263–264, 270, 274, 299, 300, 301, 505
• Missiles (see also Anti-ballistic missiles; Cuban missile crisis; Intercontinental ballistic missiles; Medium-range ballistic missiles; Multilateral nuclear force; Nike-Zeus missiles; Polaris program):
  • AEC certification, 63
  • atmospheric effects, 178, 315
  • Chinese development, 771–772, 858–860
  • cluster warheads, 62
  • Committee of Principals on, 143–144, 198, 345–351, 418–422, 602–614, 774
  • disarmament via reduction of, 309, 340, 342, 364, 377, 505, 602–614
    • ACDA plan, 345–351, 406–411, 430–432, 434–436, 465, 603–604, 772–776
    • Fisher on, 386–387, 604
    • Harriman/Hailsham/Khrushchev talks, 733
    • prototypes, 505–506
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 340, 342, 377, 386–388, 406–411
  • inspection issues, 773–774
  • McCloy/Khrushchev meeting, 112
  • production cutoffs, 387–388, 430–432, 434–437, 465–466, 509, 733, 772–776
  • research by US, Brown report, 62–66
  • survivability (see also Hardened sites), 265, 313, 742
  • tactical, see Tactical nuclear warfare
  • USSR, 61–62, 774
• Monitoring. See Detection technology; Inspection issues; Seismic sensing of nuclear explosions; Verification issues.
• Morgan, Thomas E., 92
• Multilateral nuclear force (NATO), 521, 543, 546, 570–571, 618, 640–644, 647–648, 699, 704, 705, 735
  • French position, 621–622, 648, 652
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 732, 735, 745–746, 780–781, 786–787, 790, 797–800
  • Kennedy letter to Khrushchev, 672–673
  • Nassau Agreements, 630, 648
• Murray, Thomas, 45
• Murrell, D., 685
• Murrow, Edward R., 56, 70, 76, 149–150, 153, 154, 159–160, 221, 330, 421, 468, 502, 511, 530, 531, 847–848
• Myrdal, Alva, 530
• Nassau Agreements, 630, 648
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 387, 567
• National Intelligence Estimates (see also Special National Intelligence Estimates), 192, 454
  • NIE 4-61, 1–7
  • NIE 4-2-61, 35–38
  • NIE 4-3-61, 582
  • NIE 4-3-63, 747–749
  • NIE 11-2-63, 760–762
• National Security Action Memoranda (NSAM):
  • 69, 136n
  • 87, 162–163, 176
  • 112, 227n , 241
  • 116, 252–253
  • 156, 563
  • 174, 514n
  • 168, 548
  • 192, 564
  • 205, 600–601
  • 210, 634–635, 898, 239, 692
  • 250, 736–738
  • 269, 898–899
• National Security Council:
  • actions:
    • 2408, 43n
    • 2419, 56
    • 2426, 69
    • 2437, 137n
    • 2440, 222–223
    • 2450, 440–441
    • 2456, 567
  • AICBMs, 217–218, 246
  • atmospheric testing, 136, 217–222, 226–227, 239, 241–248, 252–253, 328–337, 439–442
  • Committee on Atmospheric Testing, 227n , 241–248, 250–251, 288–289
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 411–414
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 56–57
  • inspection issues, 411–412
  • meetings, 217–222, 411–414
    • 482d, May 2, 1961, 56–57
    • 484th, May 9, 1961, 69–70
    • 490th, Aug. 8, 1961, 134–137
    • 492d, Nov. 2, 1961, 217–222
    • 497th, Aug. 8, 1961, 331–337
    • Mar. 28, 1962, 411–414
    • 499th, April 18, 1962, 439–442
    • 504th, Sept. 6, 1962, 567
    • Jan. 22, 1963, 635–636
    • 515th, Jul. 9, 1963, 779–785
  • non-aligned countries, UN negotiations, 413–414
  • NSAM 156 Committee, 563–565
  • outer space, 563–564
  • Scoville Committee, 600–601
  • test bans, 56–57, 411–414, 563–564
  • testing resumption, 56–57, 60–65, 114, 134–137, 154, 209–210, 217–222, 226, 239, 412
  • USSR negotiations, McCloy memo, 42–47, 53–55, 779–785
  • Working Group on Underground Nuclear Tests, 634–635, 636–637
• NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
• NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact, 546, 732–733, 735, 746, 762–766, 770–771, 781, 880
  • Adenauer on, 763–765, 778n
  • Ball on, 763, 841n
  • French position, 763, 791–794, 827–832, 852, 867, 868
  • German position, 763–765, 778n , 796, 801, 828, 831–832
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 732–733, 735, 746, 763, 780, 781, 787–788, 791–794, 797–801, 805–807, 809n , 811–812, 814, 824, 826, 828, 830, 831–834, 835, 839–841, 848
  • Kennedy on, 763–765, 778n , 835
  • Rusk on, 762–766, 770–771
• Naval forces, NATO. See Multilateral nuclear force; Polaris program; Submarines.
• Nehru, Jawaharlal, 285
• Neidle, Alan F., 483
• Neutral countries. See Non-aligned countries
• Neutron bombs:
  • Brown on, 65, 129
  • Foster on, 644
  • JCS memo on, 39–40, 61, 107
  • Kennedy/Macmillan talks, briefing, 742–743
  • NSC on, 136, 220, 222
  • test moratorium, JCS on US voluntary, 39–40, 41
  • US/UK bilateral cooperation, 477
  • USSR interest, 61, 107–108
  • Wiesner on, 129, 136, 521
• Nevada tests, 192, 207n , 212–213, 219, 392, 470, 636, 698, 738
  • atmospheric, 220, 222, 245, 252, 259, 260, 263, 313, 321, 440, 441, 442, 470
  • Dobrynin/Rusk conversation, 485
  • US/UK cooperation, 225, 477
• Newman, Joseph, 234 New York Herald Tribune, 234 New York Times, 12, 164n , 259, 488
• Niblick program, 882
• Nigeria, 454
• Nike-Zeus missiles, 40, 64, 65, 108, 122, 129, 153, 216, 269, 300–301, 333
• Nitze, Paul H.:
  • Committee of Principals, 201, 348–349, 468, 504, 507, 521, 604, 607, 610, 722
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 371, 504, 507, 521, 604, 644–646
  • GCD, Gromyko opinion, 85
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 11
  • German nuclear capabilities, 521
  • Gromyko/Stevenson talks, Rusk on, 19
  • orbiting nuclear weapons, 892
  • test ban proposals, 240, 310, 362, 504, 644, 722, 725
  • testing resumption, 56, 201
• Non-aligned countries (see also Eight-Nation Delegation; specific countries):
  • atmospheric test ban, 159
  • Belgrade Conference, Murrow on, 149–150, 163, 168
  • Committee of Principals, 421, 504, 511
  • GCD, technical briefing by US experts, 551n
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 412, 413, 421, 453, 504, 511, 530, 665
  • inspection, on-site, 478, 598, 677–678
  • Kennedy/Macmillan exchanges, 140, 675, 676–678
  • Kennedy/Khrushchev exchanges, 87, 592
  • NIE on US resumption of testing, 4–5
  • non-proliferation controls, 705
  • Stevenson and, 28, 80, 82, 248–249
  • Swedish UN test ban resolution, 231–233, 451
  • UK relations, 475, 480
  • UN relations, 413–414, 475, 480
• Non-dissemination/non-proliferation controls (see also Nuclear free zones):
  • ACDA, 570n , 571
  • Adenauer on, 571, 582
  • Ball on, 623, 673n
  • Berlin crisis and, 454, 652
  • Bundy on, 619n , 632, 781
  • Canada, 640, 643
  • China, 451, 544, 545, 571, 573–574, 583, 602, 618–619, 621–622, 639, 651, 668, 704, 732, 748–749, 752–753, 866
    • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 732, 735, 771–772, 783, 784, 789, 790, 796, 800, 801, 803, 808
  • Cline memo to Foster, 582–583
  • Committee of Principals on, 508, 513–514
  • cost factors, 521, 582–583, 747–749
  • de Gaulle on, 571, 582
  • Dobrynin/Rusk conversations, 541–547, 556–557, 620–621, 640–641, 647–648, 704–705, 781, 786
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 453–454, 508, 513–514, 519, 535
  • Fisher on, 570n
  • Fisk Report, 16
  • Foster on, 570n , 582–583, 668
  • Franco-German Treaty, 640–641, 658
  • French position, 33, 544, 571, 582–583, 593, 620, 621–622, 630, 632, 639, 648, 650–652, 660, 668, 745, 747, 748,, 745, 792, 794
  • German (FRG) position, 413, 451, 454, 496, 503n , 544–547, 570–571, 602, 618, 621, 622, 632, 641, 642–643, 651–652, 660, 675, 686, 746
  • Germanys, agreement on, 413, 451, 496, 503n , 544–547, 570–571, 602, 618, 621
  • Gilpatric on, 570n
  • Gromyko/Rusk exchanges, 33, 496, 503n , 542–544, 557–559, 602, 660, 672
  • Home on, 570, 621–622, 675, 755
  • Irish UN resolution, 26, 203, 451
  • JCS on, 25–26, 571, 619
  • Kaysen on, 571n
  • Kennedy, 570–572, 582n , 618–619, 623, 668, 781
  • Kennedy/Khrushchev letter, 672–673
  • Kennedy/Macmillan exchanges, 582n , 652n , 656, 660, 752–755
  • Khrushchev, 672–673, 675, 686, 731–732
  • Kuznetsov/Rusk conversation, 630–631
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 731–732, 780–781, 784, 786–787, 807, 808, 813, 838
  • McNamara on, 570n , 582n
  • Middle East, 705, 748
  • NATO, 620–622,
    • multilateral nuclear force, 521, 543, 546, 570–571, 618, 621–622, 640–644, 647–648, 652, 672–673, 699, 704, 705, 732, 735, 745–746, 780–781, 786–787, 790, 797–800
  • NIE on likelihood of proliferation, 747–749
  • non-aligned countries, general, 705
  • Rusk on, 570–572, 602, 618–619, 623, 630–631, 651, 673n , 675, 780–781, 869
  • Rusk/Dobrynin exchanges, 541–547, 556–557, 620–621, 632, 640–644, 647–648, 704–705, 781
  • Rusk/Gromyko exchanges, 33, 496, 503n , 542–544, 557–559, 602, 651, 660, 672
  • Stevenson on, 451
  • Swedish UN test ban resolution, 232–233, 451
  • Ten-Nation Group, expansion, 28
  • Thompson on, 673n
  • UK position, 570–572, 618, 620–622, 630, 632, 648, 675, 755
  • UN actions, 25–26, 232–233, 451, 545, 547, 557, 602, 651n
  • Warsaw Pact, 546, 732–733, 735, 746
• North American Air Defense Command, 643
• North Atlantic Council, 232, 423, 793
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (see also Multilateral nuclear force (NATO); NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact; North Atlantic Council):
  • base reductions, 464
  • Committee of Principals, 146
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 340–341, 343, 364, 378, 388, 413
  • France, 33, 621–622, 648, 652, 763, 827–832, 868
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 311
  • Germany, 34, 641, 746, 763–765, 778n , 796, 801, 828, 831–832, 905
  • Gromyko, 33, 805–806, 809n , 814, 826, 832, 833–834, 840, 887–888
  • inspection issues, 888
  • JCS, 21–27
  • Kennedy/Khrushchev letters, 578, 672–673, 695, 715
  • McNamara, JCS memo to, 21–27
  • non-dissemination controls, 620–622
    • multilateral nuclear force, 521, 543, 546, 570–571, 618, 621–622, 640–644, 647–648, 652, 672–673, 699, 704, 705, 732, 735, 745–746, 780–781, 786–787, 790, 797–800
  • nuclear stockpiles, 343
  • Rusk on, 735, 780–781, 816, 869, 887–888
  • Stevenson/Zorin talks, 248–249
  • Swedish UN test ban resolution, 231–233
  • test resumption, 146
  • UK position, 648, 697
  • USSR defense budget analysis, 104
  • Warsaw Pact (see NATO/Warsaw Pact non-aggression pact), 775, 781
• Northrup, Doyle, 500, 531
• Norton (DOD), 531
• Norway, 232
• Nuclear explosions, peaceful uses (See also Seismic research), 719
  • Gromyko/McCloy meeting, 33
  • Kennedy, report on program, 177
  • Kennedy/Khrushchev meeting, 79–80
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations, 803, 804, 810, 823–824
  • NIE on, 2n , 748
  • NSC on, 56
  • Plowshare program, 159, 178, 183, 191, 699, 680–681, 682–683, 724–726, 877–878
  • US/USSR materials transfers to peaceful uses, 351, 370, 388, 606–607, 614, 770, 787
• Nuclear free zones, 379, 451, 573n , 593, 781, 787, 888–889
• Nuclear materials, weapons grade:
  • Committee of Principals on, 143, 144, 606–609
  • cost factors:
    • production cutoffs, 31, 32, 465–466, 607
    • weight-to-yield ratios, 48, 107, 116–117, 123, 219–220, 243, 245, 246–247, 251, 263–265, 274, 314, 684, 741–742, 756
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 341, 370, 388
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 318
  • Gromyko/McCloy meeting, 33
  • neutron bombs, 65, 129, 136
    • test moratorium, US voluntary, 39–40, 41
    • USSR interest, 61, 107–108
  • Panel on Cutoff, report, 30–31
  • Panofsky Panel Report, JCS response, 125–126
  • production cutoff agreements, 30–31, 32, 109–110, 144–145, 349, 369, 370, 388, 606–609, 615, 770, 861–862
  • reductions, 606
  • UN, Kennedy speech, 173
  • US/USSR materials transfers to peaceful uses, 351, 370, 388, 606–607, 614, 733, 770, 787
  • USSR, 48, 61, 116–117, 761–762, 775
  • yield-to-weight ratios, 48, 107, 116–117, 123, 219–220, 243, 245, 246–247, 251, 263–265, 271, 274, 314, 644, 684, 741–742, 756
• Nuclear stockpiles (see also Parity concept; Proportionality concept), 30–31, 155, 264, 270–271, 314
  • Committee of Principals on, 145, 346–347, 349, 351, 605, 606, 774
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 342, 343, 369–370, 377
  • inspection of, 387
  • Kennedy/Khrushchev talks, 88
  • Kennedy/Macmillan joint letter to Khrushchev, response to, 693–694
  • NATO, 343
  • Panofsky Panel Report, 125–126
  • UN, Kennedy speech, 173
  • US/USSR stockpile transfers to peaceful uses, 351, 370, 388, 606–607, 614, 770, 787
  • USSR, 125, 168–169, 693–694, 761
  • verification of reductions, 606
• Nuclear Test Ban Agreement. See Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee; Geneva Conference on the Discontinuance of Nuclear Weapon Tests.
• Nuclear weapons testing. See Atmospheric testing; Comprehensive test bans; Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee; General and comprehensive disarmament; Geneva Conference on the Discontinuance of Nuclear Weapon Tests; Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations; Outer space testing; Secret testing; Seismic Underground testing; Underwater testing.
• Operation Dominic, 441–442, 470n , 549–550, 566–568
• Operation Ivanhoe, 210n
• Operation Nougat, 210n , 470n
• Operation Storax, 470n , 636–637
• Orange shot, 40
• Orbiting weapons. See Earth orbit.
• Ormsby Gore, David, 52, 115, 130, 138, 140, 224, 274, 281, 296, 308, 309, 325–326, 337–338, 441–442, 447, 449, 597, 656, 757
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 352–355, 360, 365–368, 372, 415
  • Geneva test discontinuance talks, 52, 115, 130, 138, 140
  • non-diffusion negotiations, 570
• Outer Mongolia, 848n
• Outer space (see also Earth orbit; Outer space testing; Satellites), 563, 564, 896–897
• Outer space testing, 182, 197n , 219, 257, 470, 507, 563–565
  • AEC, 470
  • Atomic Energy Detection System, 638, 883–884
  • China, 320
  • Committee of Principals on, 75, 500, 507, 509
  • Defense Department on, 564
  • Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, 500, 507, 509, 560–562, 563–565, 568–569, 576, 577–578, 585–586, 810
  • Fisk Report, 15–16
  • interagency committee (NSAM 156) on ban, 563–565
  • JCS position, 865
  • Kennedy on, 563–565, 568–569, 575–579, 781
  • Kennedy/Khrushchev letters, 568–569, 575–579
  • Khrushchev, 731, 762, 777, 781, 786, 799, 800, 803, 807, 819–823
  • large yield tests, 188
  • McNamara on, 123
  • NIE on, 1–2, 5–6, 49–50
  • radiation flux in space, 39, 41, 587
  • UN, 563, 572–575, 596
  • underground testing and, 756
• Pacific Ocean (See also Christmas Island; Johnston Island), 212, 321, 470, 865
  • Dominic I atmospheric tests, 441–442, 549–550, 566–568
  • Eniwetok Proving Grounds, 182, 191, 206–207, 211, 212, 220, 245
  • French testing, 842
• Padilla Nervo, Luis, 484, 555
• Pakistan, 249
• Panama Canal, 823, 878
• Panel on Nuclear Testing. See Panofsky Panel Report.
• Panel on the Technical Capabilities and Implications of the Geneva System. See Fisk Panel Report.
• Panofsky, Wolfgang, 136
• Panofsky Panel Report, 106–109, 114, 269
  • atmospheric testing, Defense Department report, 188, 189
  • Ball memo, 131–132
  • Brown, letter to Wiesner, 128–129
  • JCS response, 114, 124–127, 135
  • Maxwell memo, 133–134