Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume I,
Vietnam, 1961
Index
- Achilles, Theodore C., 114, 117n, 614
- Ainsworth, Thomas W., 191, 193, 194
- Air Force, U.S., headquarters established in Vietnam, 665–666, 678
- Alphand, Herve, 584–585, 611, 613, 727
- Alsop, Joseph, 72, 363
- Amory, Robert, 321, 607
- Anderson, Daniel V., 15n, 40n, 394n, 436n, 596n, 680n, 718n
- Anderson, Adm. George W., 328, 329–330
- Anspacher, John M., 128, 346n, 658, 704–706, 761–763
- Anthis, Brig. Gen. Roland H.,
665–666, 678
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)(see also Republic of Vietnam Armed
Forces), 183, 307,
313, 368, 372, 404, 423, 710
- Airborne battalions, 356, 357–358Border
control plans, 405–406
- Civic action program, 229, 372, 423
- Defensive disposition, 3, 486–487
- Families of soldiers, 372, 451
- Intelligence capabilities, 401–404
- Mobility improvements, need for, 427,
428, 441
- Morale problem, 357, 369, 451
- Special units for, 355–358
- Training for, 278, 354–355
- Assistance programs, U.S. (See also Vietnam: U.S.
commercial aid program, U.S. economic assistance, U.S. military assistance),
18, 509
- Conditions on additional assistance, 385–388
- Funding concerns, 359, 375
- Senate hearings, 241–242
- Taylor Mission
recommendations, 505–509
- Australia, 344, 564, 609
- Bagley, Lt. Cmdr. Worth H., 310, 368n, 380, 532, 569–570, 683n, 702n, 754n
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, 555–557
- Ball, George W., 114, 117n, 255, 273, 322n, 343n, 375, 533, 572n,
613–614, 670, 736
- Barthelemy, Marcel, 584
- Battle, Lucius D., 47n,
310n, 337n, 595n, 681n
- Bell, David E., 359, 607n
- Bernau, Phyllis D., 359n, 588n
- Binh Xuyen sect, 182, 183
- Bissell, Richard M., Jr., 61, 321, 343n, 534
- Black, Col. Edwin F., 74, 77, 113, 244–246
- Bohlen, Charles E., 727
- Bonesteel, Maj. Gen. Charles H.,
III, 74, 113, 118–120, 121, 122, 123
- Boun Oum, 413
- Bowles, Chester, 80n, 83, 87n, 92n, 117n, 308,
535, 540, 613, 670
- Chuong, meeting with, 32–34
- Neutral and independent Southeast
- Asia proposal, 322–325, 701
- Southeast Asia visit report, 700–701
- Boyle, Brig. Gen., 477, 527
- British Guinea, 545
- Brown, Brig. Gen. George S., 464n
- Brown, L. Dean, 584
- Brown, Winthrop G., 302, 477, 727n
- Brubeck, W.G., 337n
- Bryant, Col., 401, 404, 405
- Bui Van Long, 410
- Bundy, McGeorge, 13n, 16, 19, 46,
80n, 123, 243n, 252, 274, 337n, 362, 577n, 607n, 648n, 661n, 681n, 688n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 310n, 663n
- Military command structure, U.S., 606,
612, 673n, 766
- Taylor Mission, 343, 345n, 427n, 443
- Report, 576, 588, 598n, 603n, 612–614, 619n, 657,
717n
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Flood relief task force, 442n, 457
- Program of Action, 132–134
- U.S. troop deployment, 595n, 605
- Bundy, William P., 321, 434–436, 532, 607n, 640n, 688n, 733
- Honolulu Conference, 679n, 739
- Military command structure, U.S., 652n, 702–703, 728, 745n
- Taylor Mission, 345n, 572n
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, 328,
538n, 550n, 552–555, 558n, 571–572
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. military action against,
233–234
- Burdett, William C., Jr., 35
- Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 21, 83, 119
- Burma, 59, 324,
482, 594, 621
- Burris, Col. Howard L., 607n, 610n, 747
- Burrows, J.A., 762
- Butler, Michael, 267
- Buu Hoan, 169
- Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 532, 577n
- Cambodia, 49, 59,
482, 594
- Communist forces in, 75, 79, 96, 413–414
- U.S. military assistance, 101, 121–122
- Vietnam, relations with, 48–50, 56–57, 173
- U.S. policy, 32n, 101, 121, 200,
249
- Vietnam border control, 36, 101, 137,
140–141,
454
- Campbell, Col. Albert W., 380
- Can Lao Party, 2, 21,
39, 48
- Canada, 393, 594
- Cao Dai sect, 182
- Castro, Fidel, 215
- Central Intelligence Agency, U.S., 17, 62, 215, 332, 345, 376n
- Information report, 689–693
- Monitoring of Communist insurgency, 195–196
- Central Intelligence Organization (CIO).
See under Vietnam.
- Ceylon, 594
- Chapman, C., 668n, 718n
- Chatterjee, D.N., 191–195, 567
- Chau, Gen., 675
- Chayes, Abram J., 117, 474n, 629–631
- Chemical Corps, U.S., 663n
- Chiang Kai-shek, 145–146, 432, 530, 692
- China, People’s Republic of, 18, 56, 341, 474, 581
- Military involvement in Vietnam, possible, 65, 248, 578–579, 607
- U.S. communications with, 215–216
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, possible response
to, 193, 194, 283, 248
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 382,
550, 567
- China, Republic of, 56
- Military involvement in Vietnam, 91,
366, 432, 436
- Trainers for Vietnamese forces, 432,
530–531,
648, 724, 733–734
- Tree-cutting project in Vietnam, 523–524, 531
- Chuang. SeeTran Van Chuong.
- CINCPAC (See
alsoFelt, Adm.
Harry D.), 653–655, 722, 753, 757–758
- Civil Guard. See under
Vietnam, Republic of.
- Claxton, Philander P., Jr., 24J.n
- Cleveland, Robert G., 15n, 40n, 93n, 116, 118, 121, 122, 241n, 718n
- Clifton, Brig. Gen. Chester V.,
46–47, 198–199, 604n, 607n
- Clinton, J. W., 233n
- Coffin, Frank M., 172, 702–703
- Colby, William E., 22, 78, 128–129, 658n
- ARVN intelligence capabilities,
402–404
- Communist insurgency, 404, 406
- Vietnam, Republic of, border control, 118, 119
- Cold War Task Force, 63
- Collins, Gen. J. Lawton, 49, 691
- Colombo Plan, 550
- Communist insurgency in Vietnam, 5, 404, 434,
449, 752
- Cambodian bases, 75, 79, 96, 413–414
- Casualty and combat rate, 483–485
- Chinese participation, possible, 65,
248, 578–579, 607
- CIA monitoring, 195–196
- Economy of Vietnam, impact on, 399–400
- Force strength, estimates of, 483–485
- Future developments, assessment of, 274–275
- History, 183–184, 637
- Increase in incidents (1960), 1–2, 78, 93
- Increase of September-October (1961), 309, 417
- McGarr’s reports
on, 354–355, 448–449
- Open warfare, beginning of, 298–299
- Reports of fighting, 292, 296–298, 305–306, 309–310
- U.S. analysis of, 483–485
- U.S. emergency actions, 306–308, 317–320, 347–348
- Infiltration, strength, and numerical importance of, 448, 596–597, 661–662
- Infiltration from Laos, 57, 94–95, 184, 243,
296–298,
302, 304–305, 311, 327,
329, 335, 406
- Infiltrators, description of, 333–334
- Kennedy letter to Khrushchev, 636–638
- Local indigenous personnel, 173, 310, 333,
334
- Montagnards role, 239, 297, 309–310
- National Liberation Front governments, 94, 219
- Number of forces, 93, 154, 483–485
- Peasant opposition to, 528–529
- Political activities, 2, 275, 483
- Popular support within Vietnam, 2, 53
- Regular forces used in, 292, 338, 354
- SEATO resolution against, 60–61
- Strategy, 2, 338, 481–482
- Success, possible, 6, 60
- Taylor Mission Report
analysis, 481–486
- Timetable, 358, 449
- U.S. diplomats in Vietnam, attacks on, 203–204, 219, 275
- U.S. documentation of. See
Jorden Report on Communist Activities in
Vietnam.
- Weaknesses, 485–486
- Weapons for, 334–335
- Communist prisoners, 528
- Defection of, 42, 51, 76–77, 110–111, 367
- Interrogation, 334, 403–405
- COMUS Vietnam. See
under
Military command structure, U.S.
- Congress, U.S. See
Senate, U.S.
- Connally, John, 325
- Cottrell, Sterling J., 87n, 140n, 152n, 191n, 204, 205n, 228, 246, 252, 282, 346n, 532, 669n, 718n, 728n,
733n, 742, 755
- Assistance programs, U.S., 505–511
- Communist insurgency, 195, 306n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 273n, 735n
- Interdepartmental Task Force on Vietnam, 114, 134
- RVNAF force increase, 177n, 187n, 202–203
- Special Financial Group, 179, 180
- Taylor Mission, 171, 343n, 364,
380, 388, 391, 399, 401
- Report, 505–511, 615n, 716n, 717n, 737
- Counterinsurgency operations in Vietnam (see also
Vietnam: Border control; Counterinsurgency Plan),
230, 232, 276, 313, 355, 404, 432, 447, 450, 473, 604, 758
- Anti-guerrilla activities, 29, 61–62, 63, 622–623
- Anti-guerrilla training (see also
U.K. assistance below
), 15, 17, 18, 41, 211, 257, 273
- Chinese Nationalist troops for, 91,
366, 432, 436
- CINCPAC military campaign
plan, 753, 757–758
- Communist controlled areas, strategy re, 366
- Cooperation between air and ground units, 211–212
- Defoliants used’ in, 315, 319, 369,
639–642,
649, 663–664, 735–736, 749, 767–768
- Effectiveness of, 218–219
- Elimination of Communists from Vietnam, plan for, 256, 273,
275–278
- Helicopters for, 61–62, 369–370
- Inland waterways, control of, 38, 311
- INR study on, 619–628
- Interdiction of military support, 283–284, 311–312, 339, 465–466
- “Jungle Jim” air units for, 339, 343, 366–367, 420,
741, 754
- Laos, possible invasion of, 257, 273, 280–282, 312
- Military . breakthrough proposal, 234–236, 237–239, 270
- Naval operations, 234, 311, 754
- Offensive against North, possible, 256–257, 273, 279–280
- Peasant rights and property, respect for, 372, 623–624
- Police forces, 620–621
- Press coverage, 71, 679
- Radio transmitters, attacks on, 312–313
- RVNAF involvement, 3–4, 10–11, 244–245, 247, 260n
- SEATO forces, 96, 124, 159, 317,
344, 564, 572
- State-Defense disagreements on planning and strategy, 347–359
- Sterilization operations, 209–210
- Sweeps, 196, 205, 208–210, 219,
354
- Timetable for conquest, 353–354
- U.K. assistance for, 40–41, 102
- Advisory Mission, 268, 300–301, 726
- MAAG position, 166–167
- Thompson Plan,
578, 699–700
- U.S. support for, 122, 141, ISO, 175–176
- U.S.-U.K. coordination problems, -698-700
- Counterinsurgency Plan (CIP), 67, 69, 351
- Country Team-MAAG disagreements
on, 349–350
- Diem’s attitude toward,
4, 42n, 44,
47–51
- Financing for, 6
53–54, 106
- McGarr’s assessment of,
44–46
- Military provisions, 10–11, 45–46, 48
- Political measures, 8, 351–352
- Psychological measures, 9–10, 11–12, 51
- Security measures, 8–9
- Text, 1–12
- Ultimatum to Diem, U.S. consideration of, 72, 73n
- U.S. assessments of, 13–14
- U.S.-U.K. discussions, 35–36
- Vietnamese position, 37–40
- Couve de Murville, Maurice, 267, 268, 727
- Craig, Brig. Gen. William H., 298, 305, 380, 389
- Cross, Charles T., 587, 718n Cuba, 610
- Cunningham, H. Francis, Jr., 40, 292, 296
- Dang Duc Khoi, 295, 704
- Dang Due Khoi, 52
- Day, Richard R., 652n
De Gaulle, Gen. Charles, 254
- Decker, Gen. George H., 62, 470n, 749n
- Defense, U.S. Department of (see also
Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S.), 93n, 328
- Counterinsurgency Plan, 14, 15, 347–359
- Defoliant use in Vietnam, 640–641
- Flood relief task force, 458–459
- Military command structure in Vietnam, concept of, 720–723, 728–730
- RVNAF force increase study, 202, 236–240
- Denson, J.B., 35
- Desai, M.J., 193, 540, 544, 548–550, 662, 681, 723
- International conference on Vietnam, possible, 549, 567–568, 573
- Diehl, William, 179
- Diem. See
Ngo Dinh Diem. Dillon, C. Douglas,
83, 586
- Dingman, Maj. James W., 380
- Dirksen, Everett M., 174
- Dixon, Sir Pierson, 267
- Douglas, William O., 172
- Dulles, Allen W., 13n, 15, 17, 18,
21, 82, 343n, 345, 362, 427n, 607
- Duong Van Minh, Maj. Gen., 80,
372, 409, 410, 450, 530, 710
- CINCPAC military campaign
plan, 753, 757
- Diem, relationship with,
682, 753
- Taylor Mission, 395–398
- Durbrow, Elbridge, 15, 25n, 44n, 52n, 81n, 83, 91, 127
- Cambodia-Vietnam relations, 48–50, 56–57
- Counterinsurgency Plan, 1n, 3n, 31, 37n, 40n, 42n, 89, 349–350
- Discussion with Diem, 47–51
- Ultimatum for Diem,
72, 73n
- Political reforms, 26–28, 29–30, 70
- Replacement, 19–20
- RVNAF force increase, 69–70, 349
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Dutton, Frederick G., 614, 670
- Eisenhower, Dwight D., 16n, 634
- Ellender, Allen J., 696–697
- Emergency Operations Control System, 8–9
- Evaluation Center, U.S., 369, 401, 405
- Felt, Adm. Harry D.,
21, 89, 126n, 129, 237, 296, 316, 424, 702, 753
- Counterinsurgency operations, 465–466, 753,
757–758,
767–768
- Honolulu Conference, 679, 739, 742
- Military assistance, U.S., 66, 182–184, 434–436
- Taylor Mission, 360n, 380
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, 362,
380, 605
- Fenner, “Dato,” 356
- Fine, Sherwood, 123
- Fitzgerald, Desmond, 74, 77, 113, 120–121, 122, 375n Flesch, Col. J.M.,
77
- Ford Foundation, 31, 54
- Foreign Liaison Assistance Group (FLAG), 626
- Fourteen-Power Conference. See
Geneva Conference of 1961. Fowler, Henry H., 83, 177n, 321, 375n, 609
- France, 120, 267–269, 581, 584–585, 611n,
613, 625, 727–728
- Fulbright, J. William, 241–242
- Furst, Walter, 177n,
187n, 375n
- Galbraith, John Kenneth, 545, 613, 644, 646
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, representative, proposed meeting
with, 671, 680–681
- Vietnam, Republic of, 474–476, 541,
586n, 661, 773
- Gandhi, Indira, 540
- Gardiner, Arthur Z., 89, 169, 180, 285, 287, 290, 431, 600, 658n
- Nolting’s assessment of,
326–327
- Gates, Thomas S., Jr., 12, 21
- Gavin, Gen. James M., 46, 267, 727
- Geneva Accords:
- Article 16, 645n
- Article 19, 159, 317n, 509, 646n
- U.S. disengagement, 106, 107, 121,
123–124,
462, 609, 648
- Allied notification, 160–162, 191–195
- ICC informed, 628–629, 645–647
- Legal opinion, 71, 117, 632–634
- Public acknowledgement of, 556–557
- Public relations considerations, 645–647
- U.K. position, 727–728, 733
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, blamed for, 361, 438, 718–719
- Vietnam, Republic of, position, 161–162, 163
- U.S.-Vietnam defense treaty and, 159,
317n
- Vietnam bound to, 615–616, 632
- Geneva Conference of 1954, 149, 546, 637
- Geneva Conference of 1961, 300, 474, 603
- Geren, Paul, 179
- Gilpatric, Roswell L., 21, 123, 244, 532, 607n, 745n, 764n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 122,
663–664
- Presidential Task Force on Vietnam, 74,
78–80,
87
- Program of Action for Vietnam, 82, 87–88, 92–93, 113, 115–116, 121
- RVNAF force increase, 79, 120–121, 197–198, 236n, 288
- Special Financial Group, 180, 189
- Taylor Mission, 343–344, 345n, 572n
- U.S. troop deployment in. Vietnam; 116-117, 118, 119, 120, 559
- Godel, William H., 228–229, 380, 390
- Greece, 119, 651
- Green, Warren, 179
- Greenhill, Dennis, 35
- Gromyko, Andrei A., 324
- Guerrilla war, U.S. policy, 662–663
- Hamilton, Fowler, 532, 607n, 614, 648, 675
- Hammarskjöld, Dag, 102
- Hand, Frank M., 80, 113
- Hansen, Kenneth R., 121, 359
- Harkins, Lt. Gen. Paul, 756, 766
- Harriman, W. Averell, 89, 91, 127, 267, 304, 383n, 613, 670, 671n, 725, 735n
- Allied assistance to Vietnam, 732–733
- Coup in Vietnam, possible, 363–364, 755
- Geneva Accords, U.S. disengagement from, 733
- Geneva Conference of 1961, 300, 301n, 322, 324, 340,
439
- International conference on Vietnam, possible, 549, 568,
573, 580–582, 631
- Military command structure, U.S., 728n, 746n
- Taylor Mission, 612, 712n, 717n
- Hatcher, Andrew, 380
- Hays, Brooks, 614, 670
- Heavner, Theodore J.C., 346n, 596n, 615n, 679n, 680n
- Heinz, Rear Adm. Luther C., 40n, 43, 77, 121, 160n,
180n, 187n, 189n, 735n, 740, 764n
- Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 174
- Hiisman, Roger, 619–628, 681–683
- Ho Chi Minh, 194, 476, 485
- Ho Thong Minh, 49, 691
- Hoa Hao sect, 182, 398
- Hoang Thanh, 38
- Hoang Thuy Nam, Col.,
393–394, 433, 457, 616
- Hohler, Henry A.F., 611, 698–700
- Home, Lord Alexander F.D., 268–269, 727–728
- Honolulu Conference, 732n, 739
- Hood, Lord Samuel, 35, 36, 611n, 726, 733
- Horgan, Rogers B:, 191, 195, 548, 567, 680n
- Howe, James W., 169, 380, 390
- Huyen Dinh La, 49
- Huynh Van Diem, 444
- India, 33, 568,
669
- Geneva Accords, U.S. disengagement from, 191–195
- ICC activities, 361, 399
- Neutrality of,544-546
- U.S. assistance to, 669–670
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, 192,
193–194,
540–541
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, relationship with, 549, 671,
681, 723
- Indonesia, 482, 594, 621
- Interagency lunch group, 321n, 462
- Interdepartmental Task Force on Vietnam, 114–115, 134
- International conference on Vietnam, possible, 549, 563, 573, 594, 631
- Cease-fire precondition, 64–65, 601–603
- Indian position, 549, 567–568, 581, 594
- U.K. position, 581, 594
- U.S. position, 574, 580–582
- International Control Commission (ICC),
53, 125n
- Investigations in Vietnam, 192–193, 361
- Jorden Report presented to, 393, 609
- Murder of Col. Nam, investigation of, 393–394, 616
- U.S. disengagement from Geneva Accords, 628–629, 645–647
- U.S. policy, 252–253
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, notification of, 438–439
- Vietnamese protests to, 549–550, 636–637
- International Cooperation Administration, U.S. (ICA), 229
- International counter-guerrilla warfare school, 167
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 170, 214, 226
- International Voluntary Service, 309
- Jacoby, Neil, 179
- Japan, 33
- Jenkins, Alfred LeS., 70–71
- Jenkins, Walter, 610n
- Johnson, Lady Bird, 135
- Johnson, Lyndon B., 13, 172, 179, 541, 586, 610
- Johnson, Robert H., 85n, 196, 201n,
228, 231n, 250n, 321, 599, 681n
- Geneva Accords, U.S. disengagement from, 628–629
- Kennedy’s U.N. speech, 293–295
- Laos, 252–254
- RVNAF force increase, 246–247
- Taylor Mission, 368–374, 598–601
- Vietnam, Republic of, 457–462, 639–641, 683–687
- U.S. troop deployment, 598–599
- Johnson, U. Alexis, 117n, 172, 201n, 242n, 243, 300n, 306n, 314, 375n, 461, 607n, 669n
- Chinese Nationalists for training of Vietnamese troops, 733–734
- Counterinsurgency operations, 273n, 310n, 336,
640n, 663n
- Desai, meeting with, 549–550, 662
- Ellender’s visit to Vietnam, 696, 697–698
- Flood relief task force, 436, 442, 459, 533
- Geneva Accords, U.S. disengagement from, 160n, 718n
- Military command structure, U.S., 673n, 702,
728n, 732n, 746n
- Political reform program, U.S., 534n, 676n
- Presidential Task Force on Vietnam, 74,80
- Program of Action for Vietnam, 92n, 113
- Taylor Mission, 172, 343n, 345n, 360n, 427,
430, 440n, 536–537, 558, 572n, 576,
583n, 586, 588,
594, 612, 615n,
619n, 629, 664n, 675,
712n
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, 206,
550n, 578
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. military action against,
231–233
- Joint Action Program, 227n, 270, 274, 285, 287
- Diem’s acceptance of, 220, 225–226 ,
- Kennedy’s letter to
Diem, 260–267
- Outline of, 212–214
- Special Financial Group letter, 221–223
- U.S.-Vietnamese discussions on, 269–273
- Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. (JCS), 67, 70–71, 455, 465n, 543, 715
- Counterinsurgency operations, 283–284
- Military assistance to Vietnam, 66–67, 182
- Military command structure in Vietnam, 589–590, 652–655
- RVNAF force levels, 126–128, 237, 258
- SEATO military involvement in
Vietnam, 330–332
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, 118–119, 463, 543–544, 551,
559
- Joint military survey of the provinces, 473,
532
- Initiation of, 712, 751
- Objectives of, 426, 428
- Proposal for, 440, 480, 492,
510, 566, 592
- Province Chief problem addressed by, 455, 495–496
- Survey teams, 444–445
- Joint U.S.-Japan Committee on Trade and Economic Affairs, 464n
- Jones, Roger W., 47n
- Jorden, William J., 282, 295–296, 310–314, 361, 380, 511–516
- Jorden Report on Communist activities in Vietnam, 282, 393, 594, 609
- Allied consultation, 725–726
- Declassification of material for, 128–129, 142
- Publication, 338, 344, 361,
364, 556, 575, 582, 676, 725–726
- Strategy for use of, 314–315
- U.K. position, 587–588, 726
- Vietnamese assistance for, 295–296
- Writing of, 295–296
- “Jungle Jim” air units, 339, 343, 366–367, 420, 741, 754
- Junk Force, 108, 141, 234, 284, 365–366
- Kennedy, John F., 13, 21, 64, 72, 157, 214, 231n, 250n, 474n, 609, 661
[Page 776]
- China, People’s Republic of, possible involvement in Vietnam, 578, 607
- Communist insurgency, 173, 298, 304
- Counterinsurgency operations, 17, 18, 29, 61, 663, 664n
- Diem, communications with,
14–15,
18, 69,
81, 99,
121, 128, 136–138, 164, 199–200, 260–267
- International conference on Vietnam, possible, 580, 601,
603
- Johnson’s Southeast Asia visit, 84,
135, 166
- Joint Action Program, 260–267
- Khrushchev,
relationship with, 158n, 603, 636–638
- Lansdale as advisor to Diem, 688n, 719n
- Laotian situation, 243, 252, 254,
545, 546, 604
- Military command structure, V.S., 604,
673, 756, 766
- Nehru, meetings with, 540, 544–546
- RVNAF force increase, 14, 15n, 174,
198–200
- Special Financial Group, 179, 259
- Taylor Mission, 255, 256,
343n, 345–346, 362–363, 443, 465
- Report, 532–533, 538, 576–578, 586, 593,
603–604,
612, 615–618, 675–676, 706n, 712–713, 716, 717,
724, 736–738
- Thuan, meeting with, 171, 172–174
- U.N. speech, 293–295, 299–300, 308
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. military action against,
253–254
- Vietnam, Republic of, 129–130, 173,200,
363n, 647
- Presidential task force on, 18–19, 74
- Program of Action, 82, 83, 91,
121, 131, 132–134
- U.S. troop deployment in, 362–363, 430n, 538, 573, 595, 605
- Kennedy, Robert F., 243n, 577, 594, 687n
- Kent, Col. J.R., 236
- Khanh. See
Nguyen Khanh, Brig. Gen. Khrushchev, Nikita S., 158, 215, 293–294, 299, 478, 603, 636–638
- Kien, Tuong, 49
- Kleine, Hermen, 179
- Komer, Robert W., 73n, 85–86, 123–124, 234–236
- Kong Le, 93, 126n, 413
- Krapf, Franz, 194
- Ky Quam Liem, Lt. Col., 45
- Labouisse, Henry R., 261, 265
- Ladejinsky, Wolf, 19, 33, 37, 190
- Landis, James, 77
- Lansdale, Brig. Gen. Edward G.,
17, 18, 19, 72, 78, 114, 228
- Diem, relationship with,
20–24,
432, 511, 687–688, 719n
- RVNAF force increase, 236–240
- Special Financial Group, 179, 180–181, 189–190
- Taylor Mission, 343n, 380, 389,
411–416,
418–423,
522–532,
675–676
- Thuan, relationship with, 171, 529–530
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. military action against,
421–422
- Vietnam, Republic of, 17–18, 118
- Coup, possible, 25n, 764
- Government, U.S. advisers to, 418–420, 522–523, 527
- Presidential task force, 74,
78, 80
- Program of Action, 92, 113, 116, 121
- Visit to, 12, 13, 14,
20–21
- Lao Dong Party, 637
- Laos, 34, 78n, 257, 454
- Communist infiltration, 57, 65, 94–95, 184, 243, 296–298, 302,
304–305,
311, 327, 329, 335, 406, 432, 482
- Communist victory in, possible impact of, 18, 58, 59–60, 91, 238
- Coup in, 93, 126n
- International negotiations reo See
Geneva Conference of 1961.
- Kennedy’s speech to U.N.,
299–300
- Neutral government for, 59, 191, 322,
585
- Partitioning of, possible, 79, 251, 252–254, 303–304, 327
- Southeast Asian position on communism in, 59, 411–413
- Soviet influence in, 303–304
- Thailand, relationship with, 144–145, 232,
331
- U.S. military base in, proposed, 243–244
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, impact of, 551, 552–553, 558–559, 562–563, 571–572, 573,
606, 608
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, policy, 549
- Vietnamese operations in, 232, 257, 273,
280–282,
312, 422
- Le Duan, 637
- Le Van Kim, Brig. Gen., 395, 397, 398, 530,682
- Le Van Nghiem, Brig. Gen., 682
- Le Van Ty, Lt. Gen., 90, 395n, 530, 753
- Lebanon, 634
- Leddy, John M., 106, 113, 123
- Ledward, R.T.D., 160, 587
- Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 13, 19, 21, 172, 233, 243n, 300n, 347, 543n
- Honolulu Conference, 739, 740–741, 746–747, 749
- Military assistance, U.S., 66–67
- RVNAF force increase, 126–128
- SEATO military involvement in
Vietnam, 330–332
- Taylor Mission, 343n, 345n, 427n, 572–573, 591n
- Vietnam, Republic of, 89–91, 129–130, 425,
534, 764
- SEATO military
involvement, 330–332
- U.S. military assistance, 66–67, 589, 649, 652–653, 673n, 758–760, 765
- U.S. troop deployment, 362–363, 430n, 463–464, 558, 577, 590, 608, 610
- Levy, Col. Robert M., 113, 180n, 189n, 236, 380
- Lilienthal, David, 475
- Lindquist, Robert S., 732n
- Lippman, Walter, 194
- Lucet, Charles, 267, 727
- McConaughy, Walter P., 77, 113, 117n, 121, 140n, 205n, 242, 252, 306n,
310, 320n, 577n, 607n, 613–614, 669n, 670, 718n
- MAAG personnel increase, 160, 191–195
- RVNAF force increase, 120, 177n, 201
- Taylor Mission, 583n, 615n, 664n, 668n
- Thuan-Kennedy meeting, 172–173
- Vietnam, Republic of, 92n, 114, 171, 407,
436n, 534n
- McCone, John A., 607n
- McCrary, Col. Thomas A., 395
- McDermott, Edward A., 607n
- MacDonald, Malcolm, 267
- McGarr, Lt. Gen. Lionel
C., 22, 31, 228, 316, 719
- ARVN special units, 355–358
- Communist insurgency, 296–298, 354–355, 448–449
- Counterinsurgency operations, 61–62, 63
166–167,
208–210,
211, 244–245, 353–354, 447, 450,
700, 710, 753, 757, 767
- Counterinsurgency Plan, 44–46, 349–352
- Honolulu Conference, 679, 739, 749–750
- Lemnitzer, report to, 470–474
- Lemnitzer’s Saigon visit,
89–91
- MAAG personnel increase, 129–130
- McNamara, report to, 446–456
- Military command structure, U.S., 606, 750,
759–760,
765
- Nolting’s assessment of,
326–327
- RVNAF command system, 45, 127, 207–208, 210–211, 448, 452–453, 455,473
- RVNAF force increase, 126n, 167–168, 212, 348–351, 355,
447
- Taylor Mission, 360n, 362n, 395, 397,
401–402,
404–406,
431, 453–455
- Intelligence matters, conference on, 401–402, 404–406
- Vietnam, Republic of, 24–25, 82, 197,658n, 688n, 753
- Border control, 38, 405–406, 453–454, 472–473
- Flood relief task force, 424–426, 454
- Intelligence system, 401–402, 404–406, 450, 452
- Joint military survey of the provinces, 426, 455, 473–474
- Military assistance, U.S., 43–44
- Presidential Task Force on Vietnam, 78–79
- Taylor-Diem meeting, excluded from, 426–427
- McGhee, George C., 92n, 242n, 310n, 321, 475, 604, 607n, 612, 614, 661n, 670, 672
- Macmillan, Harold, 64
- McNamara, Robert S., 13, 21, 166n, 362, 539, 543, 656n
- Counterinsurgency operations in Vietnam, 61–63, 283, 329, 330
- Honolulu Conference, 679–680, 739,
740–741,
742–743
- RVNAF force increase, 236n, 258
- Special Financial Group, 180n, 189n
- Taylor Mission, 343n, 363, 427n, 533,
538–540,
558, 572–573, 586, 603,
609–610,
675
- Vietnam, Republic of, 74, 92n, 172
- Coup, possible, 764n ,
- Flood relief task force, 533,
560
- Interdepartmental Task Force on Vietnam, 116n
- U.S. Military command structure in, 589–590, 652, 673n, 702, 720–721, 743, 745–746
- U.S. troop deployment in, 328,
430n,
551, 552, 559–561, 571, 577–578, 590, 608
- Magathan, Wallace C., 728n
- Magsaysay, Ramon, 529
- Maitre Dzu, 410n
- Malaya, 59, 167,
202, 482
- Manach, Etienne M., 64, 727
- Manfull, Melvin L., 648n
- Mansfield, Mike, 467–470
- Mao Tse-tung, 481, 579
- Marshall, Gen. George C., 692
- Martin, Edwin W., 742–744
- Maung Maung, Col., 42
- Meany, George, 77
- Mendenhall, Joseph A., In, 89, 90, 136n, 139n, 285, 327n, 399, 408, 416–417, 428, 431, 658–660
- Menon, Gopala, 53, 193
- Michigan State University, 691
- Military Assistance Advisory Group,
- U.S. (MAAG) (see
also
McGarr, Lt. Gen. Lionel C.), 38, 90, 190, 266, 358, 423, 453, 455
- Anti-guerrilla training by, 62–63, 278, 447
- Counterinsurgency Plan, 42n, 48, 349–350
- Diem, relations with, 14, 24–25
- Intelligence activities, 401, 402, 405,
510
- Intelligence training by, 353, 452
- Master Training Plan, 318–320, 452–453, 497–498, 648
- Personnel increase (see also
U.S. disengagement under Geneva Accords),
68, 107–108, 125n, 129–130, 174, 191–195
- Personnel limits, 63, 80
- Platoon-level role for, 369
- Reorganization of (see also
Military command structure, U.S.), 481, 493
- Research and development office, 228
- RVNAF force increase, 51, 167–168, 245
- Taylor Mission,
recommendations, 517–518
- U.K. assistance with counterinsurgency training, 166–167
- Vietnam, Republic of, 266, 455
- Border control, command authority for, 472–473
- Flood relief task force” plan for, 453
- Military command structure, U.S., 592, 649
- Air Force headquarters, establishment of, 665–666, 678
- Commander, selection of, 604, 606, 612,
702, 703, 724, 756, 766
- COMUS Vietnam, 594, 599,
651, 715, 720, 730
- Command arrangements and relationships, 655, 722–723
- Mission and functional responsibilities, 654–655, 721–722
- State-Defense agreement on, 745–746, 756
- Defense Department concept of, 720–723
- State Department response to, 728–730
- JCS position, 589–590, 652–655
- Lemnitzer’s assessment of,
758–760
- McGarr’s assessment of,
750, 759–760, 765
- Nolting’s assessment of,
731–732,
743–744,
747–749
- Taylor’s recommendations,
673–674
- Milton, Maj. Gen. Theodore R., 420
- Minh. See
Duong Van Minh, Maj. Gen. Moffett, James D., 35
- Montagnards, 229, 373, 399, 445, 752
- Morocco, 412
- Murrow, Edward R., 83, 586, 609, 641, 761–763
- Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act of 1951, 171
- Nam, Col. See
Hoang Thuy Nam, Col.
- National Intelligence Estimates:
- NIE 14.3/53-61, 282
- NIE 50-61, 58–61
- National Security Action Memoranda:
- National Security Council, U.S. (NSC):
- Negotiated settlement in Vietnam. See
International conference on Vietnam,
possible.
- Nehru, B.K., 544
- Nehru, Jawaharlal, 160n, 438, 462, 475, 476
- Neilson, N. Paul, 641–642
- Neutral and independent Southeast Asia,
- proposal for, 323–325, 701
- New York Times, 704
- New Zealand, 149, 564, 609
- Newsweek, 667, 762
- Ngo Dinh Can, 2, 410, 513
- Ngo Dinh Diem, 159, 268n, 371, 373, 445, 468, 530, 737n
- ARVN special units, 356, 357
- Bilateral defense treaty, 316–317, 383,392
- Cambodia-Vietnam relations, 48–50
- Confidence in the United States, 17,97,
99–100,
133, 218
- Counterinsurgency operations, 62–63, 578, 699, 753,
757–758
- Counterinsurgency Plan, 4,
17, 31,
42n, 47–51, 352
- Countryside tours, 162, 216–217
- Desai’s assessment of, 548–549
- Economic situation, 225–226
- Elections of 1961, 31–32, 68n, 70–71, 82,91
- History as leader of Vietnam, 182–184
- ICC, cooperation with, 549–550
- Intelligence system, 402, 444, 651
- Johnson, Lyndon B.,
meetings with, 135, 136–139
- Joint Action Program, 212, 214, 220,
224–225,
269–273
- Lansdale, relationship with, 20, 432, 511,
687–688,
719n
- Laotian situation, 91, 145, 383–384
- MAAG, relations with, 14, 24–25
- Nhu, confidence in, 17–18
- Philosophy of government, 217–218
- Political opposition. See
Opposition to Diem under
Vietnam, Republic of: Political situation.
- Political situation, 27, 29–30, 36, 48, 70, 416–417, 487
- Program of Action for Vietnam, 136–138, 407–411, 661, 662,
683–687,
701
- Research and development activities, 228, 229
- RVNAF command system, 3, 127, 196, 205,
207–208,
210–211,
432
- RVNAF force increase, 7, 139, 245, 349,
350
- Special Financial Group, 137, 179, 225–226
- Taylor Mission, 343n, 346, 361
- Meetings with, 391–392, 428–429, 431–433
- Report:
- Kennedy,
exchange of letters with, 593, 615–618, 712–713, 716, 717, 736–738
- Negotiations re, 583,
606–607, 642–644, 649–651, 666–668, 676–677, 692–693, 706–707, 708–712
- U.S. support of, 14–15, 18, 21–22, 25, 26, 327–328
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, Vietnamese offensive against,
279–280
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- U.S.economic assistance, 139,
242n,
270–271, 272
- U.S.troop deployment in, 138n, 145, 377–379, 383–384, 391–392, 429
- Ngo Dinh Luyen, 410, 513
- Ngo Dinh Nhu, 2, 23, 513, 529, 682
- Anti-U.S. press campaign, 704–706
- Diem’s confidence in, 17–18
- Executive board chairman, proposed, 445–446
- Government control by, possible, 685,
686
- Lansdale, meeting with, 411–416
- Taylor Mission, 664, 667
- Vietnamese-American relations, 689–691
- Ngo Dinh Nhu, Madame, 2, 387, 513, 659, 682, 704
- Ngo Dinh Thuc, 513
- Ngo Trong Hieu, 292
- Nguyen Dinh Thuan,
21, 90, 162, 295, 316, 409, 432, 445, 528, 530
- ARVN special units, 356, 357
- Cambodia-Vietnam relations, 56–57, 173
- Commercial aid program, U.S., 270–271, 286–287
- Communist insurgency, 53, 173, 305
- Counterinsurgency Plan, 31, 32, 37–40, 44, 48, 53–54, 230, 352
- Lansdale’s assessment of,
529–530
- Rusk, meeting with, 52–57
- RVNAF force increase, 38, 54–55, 69–70, 169–171, 174,
185–186,
189n, 230, 245
- RVNAF officer training, 432, 473
- RVNAF reorganization, 37–38
- Taylor Mission, 391, 431–432
- Report implementation, 667,
693
- Vietnamese-U.S. Military Board, 419–420
- Washington visit, 68, 164, 168
- Vietnam, Republic of, 163, 444, 530,
546, 752
- Economic assistance, U.S., 55–56, 89
- Economic situation, 38, 171, 286
- joint Action Program, 272–273, 285–288
- Joint military survey of the provinces, 445, 751
- National Internal Security Council, 39–40, 751–752
- Political situation, 29n, 38–39, 52–53,
70, 272, 445–446
- Rice shortage, 230–231
- Nguyen Duc Thang, Col., 530
- Nguyen Khanh, Brig.
Gen., 69, 180, 190,
210, 245
- Nguyen Ngoc
Tho, 49, 335, 339–400, 409,
546
- Nguyen Thanh Lap, 444
- Nguyen Van Tham, 32
- Nhu. See
Ngo Dinh
Nhu. Nickel, E.J., 128–129
- Nitze, Paul H., 13, 21, 80, 113, 320n, 321, 325–326, 552,
573, 577n, 607n, 745n
- Nolting, Frederick E., Jr.,
57, 207n, 231n, 326–327, 411n, 755n
- Appointment as Ambassador, 46–47, 68, 72–73
- Assassination attempt on, 203–204
- Bilateral defense treaty, 316–317
- Communist insurgency, 274–275,333-335, 347n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 218–219, 275–279
- U.K. assistance for, 40n, 166, 698–700
- Diem, assessments
of, 217–218, 327–328
- Geneva Accords, U.S. disengagement from, 645–647
- Honolulu Conference, 739, 743–744
- Johnson Southeast Asia visit, 135,139n, 152n
- Joint Action Program, 220,
225–227, 266, 269–273, 285–288
- Laotian situation, 280–282, 301–304, 327, 383–384
- Military command structure, U.S., 731–732, 743–744, 747–749
- Replacement of, proposed, 469,
475, 685–686
- RVNAF command system,
219–220
- RVNAF force increase,
169–171,185-187, 189n
- Taylor Mission, 343n, 346, 399–400, 440, 542–543
- Diem,
meetings with, 428, 431
- Report, implementation of, 583, 611, 618–619, 694
- Diem,
negotiations with, 642–644, 649–651, 666–668, 706–707, 708–712
- Progress on, 750–752
- U.S. visit, preparation for, 761–763
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, Vietnamese offensive
against, 279–280
- Vietnam, Republic of, 164,
400
- Air Force, U.S., headquarters in, 665–666
- Countryside tours, 162, 216–217
- Ellender visit, 696–698
- Flood, 335–336, 406–407
- Joint military survey of the provinces, 444–445, 751
- “Jungle Jim” air units, 366–367
- Program of Action, 87–88
- U.K. assistance, 175–176
- U.S. commercial aid program, 270, 286–287, 289–291
- U.S. economic assistance, 271, 272
- U.S. troop deployment, 163, 384–386, 456–457
- Northwest Frontier Force (see
also
Ranger units), 624, 712, 715, 752
- Nu, V, 595–596, 612n, 613, 694
- Nuclear weapons, 538n, 544
- Operation Millpond, 78n
- Ormsby-Gore, Sir David,
587–588,
613, 668, 733
- Owen, Henry, 216
- Pakistan, 280, 609
- Palmer, Gen. Williston B., 43
- Parker, Maj. Gen. T.W.,
321, 740–741
- Parsons, J. Graham, 13–14, 15n, 19–20, 32n, 40n
- Pathet Lao, 58, 65, 232
- Peck, Edward, 267
- Personalism philosophy, 217, 272
- Peterson, Avery F., 241n
- Pezzullo, Lawrence, 669n
- Pham Huy Quat, 692
- Pham Khac Suu, 387
- Pham Ngoc Thach, 671, 680–681, 723
- Pham Van Dong, Col., 682
- Phan Quang Dan, 387
- Philippines, 64, 102, 149, 609
- Phoumi Nosavan, Gen., 191, 252,
253, 281, 314, 413
- Pinay, Antoine, 49
- Poland, 361, 393, 594
- Presidential Program for Vietnam, 140–143
- Presidential Task Force on Vietnam (see
also Program of’ Action To Prevent Communist Domination of
South Vietnam), 18–19, 74–80, 87, 115–123
- Prisoners of war. See
Communist prisoners.
- Program of Action To Prevent Communist Domination of South Vietnam
(see also
Southeast Asia Politico-Military Plan):
- Assessments of, 84–88, 131–132
- Communications activities, 110–111
- Diem’s acceptance
of, 136–138
- Diem’s confidence
in the U.S., focus on, 97, 99–100, 133
- Economic objectives, 97–98, 102–106, 109–110, 133, 142
- Funding proposals, 111–113
- International relations of Vietnam, improvement of, 97, 101–102
- Kennedy decisions,
132–134
- Kennedy letter to
Diem, 121, 136–138
- NSC discussion, 82–83, 88
- Organizational arrangements, 113–115, 116, 133
- Political objectives, 96–97, 99–101, 102, 133, 140–141
- Political reforms, 97, 100–101
- Presidential Program derived from, 140–143
- Proposed actions, 106–109, 141–142, 133
- State Department draft, 93–115
- Task Force discussion of, 115–123
- Pushkin, Georgi M., 300, 301n, 324,
340
- Rahman, Tunku Abdel, 56
- Randall, Clarence, 548
- Ranger units (see also
Northwest Frontier Force), 41, 278, 355–356, 357–358, 445, 472,
480, 518–522
- Rathjens, George W., 380, 390
- Redick, Joseph, 21
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF) (see also
Air Force and Navy under Vietnam, Republic
of; Army of the Republic of, Vietnam), 239, 485,
497
- Command system:
- Diem’s
control of, 3, 196, 205, 207–208, 219–220, 710
- Military chain of command, 45, 56, 127, 210–211, 710, 741
- Parallel U.S. chain of command , proposal, 496, 621–622, 654–655, 721
- Province Chief problem, 396–397, 448, 455, 472, 487, 495–496, 621
- U.K. recommendations, 698–700
- U.S. reform proposals, 504, 535
- Vietnamese reorganization plans, 3–4
- Consolidation of services, 37–38
- Counterinsurgency operations, level of involvement in,
3–4,
10–11, 244–245, 247, 260n
- Desertion rate, 173–174
- Diem’s fears of
coup, impact of, 755–756
- Force increase by 20,000, 7,
14, 38, 51, 54–55,
69, 120–121
- Country Team-MAAG
disagreement on, 348–349, 350
- Funding, 15n, 31, 126–128, 167–171, 174, 177–178, 181, 185–188, 189n, 199–200, 230, 350
- Implementation of, 203, 212, 237, 247, 348–351, 355, 447
- For rotation purposes, 10–11, 79
- Force increase to 200,000, 230, 447
- JCS position, 237, 258
- Planning for, 245,
260–261, 264, 270
- Sufficiency of, questions re, 288–289
- Taylor Mission study, 370, 498
- U.S. endorsement of, 197–198, 246–247, 260, 264
- U.S. prerequisites for, 196–197
- Force increase to 270,000, 139, 223, 258, 264, 488
- Indigenous trainers for, 453,
473
- Logistic support for, 378–379
- MAAG training program,
452–453, 497–498
- Mobility issue, 480, 496, 566
- Offensive orientation, program to develop, 495–499
- Officer training, 432, 473
- Political Commissar System, 69–70
- Taylor Mission Report recommendations, 503–505
- U.S. combat unit for training of, 376–378
- Rice, Edmund, 755n
Rice, Edward E., 40n Robinson, Jim, 704
- Rostow, Walt W., 13n, 16, 37, 68–69, 80n, 135, 201–203, 207n, 244–246, 248, 252, 321, 411n, 412, 544, 607n, 614, 671, 673n, 719
- Berlin crisis, relation to Vietnam, 214–216
- China, People’s Republic of, possible involvement in Vietnam, 578–579
- Communist insurgency, 195–196, 298–299, 406,
661–662
- Counterinsurgency operations, 61–63, 122, 196, 234,
353, 465
- Defoliants used for, 639, 640n, 642, 663n
- Diem’s replacement,
contingency plan for, 661, 662
- Geneva Accords, U.S. disengagement from, 71, 628
- Guerrilla war as legitimate war, 662–663
- International conference on Vietnam, possible, 601–603
- Joint Action Program, 260–261
- Jorden Report, 314–315
- Kennedy U.N. speech, 293, 299–300
- Nolting as Ambassador to
Vietnam, 47, 72–73
- RVNAF force increase, 201n, 246, 260–261
- Special Financial Group, 259–260
- Taylor Mission, 343n, 360n, 368, 389, 477n, 576,
588, 619n
- Diem, meetings
with, 391–392, 428, 431
- Intelligence matters, conference on, 403, 404, 405
- Subjects for exploration, 256–257
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. military action
against, 192, 231–233, 381–382
- Vietnam, Republic of, 72, 74, 172, 228, 240–241, 315, 573, 647–649, 675,676n
- Flood relief task force, 457n, 533
- Political situation, 157–158, 755–756
- Program of Action for, 85, 113, 131–132
- Status report, 647–649
- U.S. troop deployment in, 117–118, 119, 120, 206–207, 573–575, 577, 598
- Roux, Jacques, 267
- Royal Laotian Army (FAL), 243
- Ruff, Samuel O., 64
- Rusk, Dean, 13, 34, 117n, 166, 233n, 324n, 362, 543n, 548
- Counterinsurgency operations, 663–664
- Geneva Accords, U.S. disengagement from, 160n, 718n
- International conference on Vietnam, possible, 567–568, 580
- Kennedy letter to Diem, 14–15, 18
- Laotian situation, 253, 322, 585,
608
- Military command structure, U.S., 673n, 720,
745–746
- Nehru visit, 541, 544
- Press conferences, 124, 638–639
- RVNAF force increase, 197, 288–289
- Senate testimony, 241–242
- Taylor Mission, 343n, 536, 557–558
- Report, implementation of, 603, 607, 629
- Allies, consultations with, 584–585, 587–588, 611n, 668–669, 727–728
- Diem, U.S.
negotiations with, 583
- Kennedy
administration meetings, 572–573, 586, 588, 675
- Kennedy-Diem exchange of letters, 615n, 712n
- Thuan, meetings with, 52–57, 172
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S.
- military action against, 608,
613
- Vietnam, Republic of, 274, 359, 688n
- Political situation, 267–269, 670, 681
- Program of Action for, 87, 92
- U.S. diplomatic personnel in, 18, 19–20, 326n
- U.S. economic assistance, 55–56
- U.S. military assistance, 394–395
- U.S. troop deployment, 125,
206, 430, 577, 672
- Russell, J.W., 267
- Russell, Adm. James S., 71
- Russell, Richard B., 577
- Saigon Mai, 49–50
- Saigon Trade Fair of 1962, 111, 174
- Salans, Carl F., 718n
- Salinger, Pierre, 636n, 679n
- Sarit, Thanarat, 143–145, 281
- Schlesinger, Arthur M.,
Jr., 295n, 322n
- Sects. See specific names.
- Senate, U.S., 241–242, 467–470
- Shepard, Tazewell T., 687n
- Sheppard, William, 113
- Sibley, Brig. Gen. Alden
K., 45, 168
- Sihanouk, Prince Norodom,
36, 49–50, 173, 268, 439, 549
- Silver, Warren, 230, 262n, 439,
648n
- Smith, Bromley, 198–199, 457n, 591n, 607n, 681n, 724n
- Smith, David R., 380, 390
- Smith, Stephen, 135, 152n
- Smith, Walter Bedell, 490
- Sorenson, Theodore C., 84–85, 607n
- Sorenson, Thomas C., 74, 113, 641n
- Souphanouvong, Prince, 65, 568
- Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty (Manila Pact), 96
- Southeast Asia Politico-Military Plan, 125, 216,
224–225,
248, 250–251, 252, 268n
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization SEATO):
- Council meeting, 34, 60–61,
64
- Military intervention in Vietnam, possible, 96, 124, 159, 317, 344, 564, 572
- Plan 5, 243, 315, 331, 574
- Plan 5 Plus, 336, 337n, 339, 340
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, notification of, 438–439
- Souvanna Phouma, Prince,
304, 384, 413, 568, 606
- Soviet Union, 215, 321, 323,
341, 474, 565, 572
- International conference on Vietnam, interest in, 580–582, 594
- Laotian situation, 300n, 303–304
- Southeast Asia, role in, 293–295
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, notification of, 565, 572
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of:
- Special Action Program. See
Joint Action Program.
- Special Financial Group (SFG),
137, 151, 168, 179, 259
- Diem’s meeting
with, 225–226
- Joint Action Program outline, 212–214
- Letter to Kennedy and Diem, 221–223
- Press conference, 180–181
- Proposal for, 105–106, 109–110, 142, 179
- Recommendations (see also
Joint Action Program), 255n, 256
- Report, 181, 189–190, 259–260
- Vietnam visit, 180–181
- Special Forces, U.S., 62–63, 273, 279, 369,
422
- Special National Intelligence Estimates:
- Staley, Eugene A., 179, 180–181, 213,
221n, 246
- Staley Financial Group. See
Special Financial Group.
- Steeves, John M., 15n, 40n, 64–65, 231n, 233n, 244, 248,
250–251,
253, 267n, 407,
596
- Steinhauser, Lt. Col. Thomas C., 380
- Stevenson, Adlai E., III,
102, 195, 322n
- Stewart, Charles C.B.,
175, 176n
- Sûreté, 444, 620, 648
- Swezey, Anthony C., 241n
- Talbot, Phillips, 544, 548,
567
- Tanham, George, 439, 461
- Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D.
(see also
Taylor Mission to Southeast Asia), 78n, 185, 207n, 383n, 411,
442, 444n, 656n, 681n
- Communist insurgency, 298,
304–305
- Counterinsurgency measures, 314, 336–337, 699
- Geneva Conference of 1961, 248–249
- Laos, 243–244
- Military command structure, U.S., 649, 652n, 673–674, 728
- RVNAF force increase,
203, 223, 236
- Southeast Asia Politico-Military Plan, 216, 224–225, 248
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. military action
against, 224, 231–233, 381
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Taylor Mission to Southeast Asia:
- Countryside tour, 416
- Diem, meetings
with, 391–392, 428–429, 431–433
- Embassy in Vietnam, instructions to, 360–362
- Instructions for, 343–344, 345–346, 360–362
- Intelligence matters, conference on, 401–406
- Members of, 343n, 380
- Minh, meeting with, 395–398
- Nhu’s assessment of, 691
- Press coverage, 361–362
- Psychological impact in Vietnam, 412
- Public announcement of, 343n
- Recommendations of (see also
Report below
), 428–430, 440–442, 443, 465
- McGarr’s
analysis of, 453–455
- State Department position, 461
- Report (see also Recommendations of
above):
- Assets of the Republic of Vietnam, 488–489
- Communist strategy, evaluation of, 481–486
- Cottrell’s
memorandum, 505–511
- Cover letter, 477–479
- Crisis of confidence in Vietnam, 486–488, 512–513
- Discussions on, 532–534, 537
- Economic assistance recommendations, 481, 500–501, 516
- General conclusions, 479
- Implementation, 611,
694
- Administration meetings on, 572–573, 576–578, 586, 588, 675–676
- Allies, U.S. consultations with, 584–585, 587–588, 611n, 613, 727–728
- Diem, U.S.
negotiations with, 583,
606–607, 642–644, 649–651, 666–668, 676–677, 692–693, 706–707, 708–712, 743
- INR study, 619–628
- Kennedy-Diem exchange of letters, 593, 615–618, 644, 712–713, 716, 717, 736–738
- Kennedy’s
queries on, 603–604
- Legal study, 629–635
- National Security Action Memorandum on, 591–594, 598–601, 607–610, 656–657
- Progress on, 718, 724, 750–752, 754
- State Department program for, 561–565, 569–573, 575, 587–588, 611n, 613, 668–669, 727–728
- U.S. press coverage, 664–665, 670, 751
- U.S.-Vietnam Memorandum of Understanding, 713–716
- Vietnamese anticipation of, 618–619
- Vietnamese mobilization program for, 565–566, 571, 593, 617
- Vietnamese press campaign against, 644n, 666–667, 670, 689–690, 704–706
- Washington-based management of, 612, 725
- Jorden’s
memorandum, 511–516
- Kennedy
administration meetings on, 557–558
- Lansdale’s
memorandum, 522–532
- McNamara’s
assessment of, 538–540
- Military assistance and MAAG recommendations re, 517–518
- Military Committee report, 503–505
- Political situation, analysis of, 511–516
- Ranger units for border control, 480, 518–522
- Strategy:
- Economic recommendations, 500–501
- Flood relief task force, 501–502
- Offensive orientation for the military, 489, 495–499
- Quick response to the crisis, 489, 490–491
- Research and development activities, 489, 499–500
- U.S. advisers in Vietnamese Government, 489, 493–495
- U.S. military reserve, raising of, 503
- U.S.-Vietnamese partnership, 489, 491–494
- Sub-limited war proposal:
- “Human defoliation” project, 522–524, 531
- Operations task force, 526–527
- Rationale for, 524–525
- U.S. advisers in Vietnamese Government, 522–523, 527
- U.5.-Vietnamese military encadrements, 525, 526–528
- Taylor’s recommendations, 479–481
- U.S. assistance programs, recommendations re, 505–509
- Return to Washington, 477n
- Subjects for exploration, 256–257
- Economic, 370–371, 390
- Military, 365–367, 368–370, 376–379, 389–390
- Political-social-psychological, 364–365, 371–374, 388
- Unconventional warfare, 389–390, 418–423
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, 362–363, 376–379
- Taylor’s reports from Vietnam, 427–430
- Tho, meeting with, 399–400
- Templer, Field Marshal Sir Gerald, 300–301
- Thailand, 59, 64,
125, 215, 281, 609, 625
- Communist strategy for, 304, 482
- Defense budget, 143–144
- Foreign policy, 322–323
- Laos and, 144–145, 232, 331
- Taylor Mission visit to, 257, 478
- U.S. assistance, 232, 249, 251,
255
- Tho. See
Nguyen Ngoc Tho.
- Thoi Bao, 664n, 666, 670, 705
- Thompson, Robert G.K., 176n, 196, 268, 300–301, 315, 367, 578, 698–700, 755, 765
- Thuan. See
Nguyen Dinh Thuan.
- Tiao Somsanith, Prince, 126n
- Time magazine, 667,
751
- Timmes, Gen. Charles, 401
- Tito, Josip Broz, 119
- Togoland, 374
- Toussaint, Paul A. 713n
- Tran Chanh Thanh, 169, 285, 287
- Tran Dinh De, 456
- Tran Kim Tuyen, 295
- Tran Qui Buu, 410n
- Tran Tam, 295
- Tran Thien Khiem, Col., 530
- Tran Van Chuong, 32–34, 64–65, 669–670
- Tran Van Dinh, 410
- Tran Van Do, 456
- Tran Van Don, Gen., 397, 530
- Tran Van Minh, Gen., 530, 752
- Tran Van Tho, 335, 689, 704, 704–705
- Trapnell, Lt. Gen. Thomas J.H., 62, 66
- Treasury, U.S. Department of, 93n
- Trimble, William C., 439
- Troop deployment, U.S. See
U.S. troop deployment under
Vietnam, Republic of.
- Trueheart, William C., 611, 700, 737–738
- Truong Vinh Le, 409
- Tubby, Roger W., 679n
- Ty. See
Le Van Ty, Lt. Gen.
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See
Soviet Union.
- United Arab Republic, 594
- United Kingdom (see alsoUK. subheadings nder other
othersubjects), 64, 125n, 254,
564
- United Nations, 475
- Charter, 634–635
- Kennedy speech to, 293–295, 299–300, 308
- Observers in Vietnam, 96, 101–102, 122, 315,
341, 338–339, 341–342, 361, 475
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam, notification of, 438–439
- Vietnam situation addressed in, 203,
315, 321, 341–342
- U.S. Information Agency (USIA), 761–763
- U.S. Operations Mission (USOM), 265–266, 510, 691, 703, 761
- U.S. troop deployment in Vietnam. See under
Vietnam, Republic of. Usher, Richard E., 241n, 267n
- Van Fleet, Gen. James A., 651
- Viet Congo. See
Communist insurgency in Vietnam.
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (DRV),
93, 549, 579, 581
- China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 550, 567
- Communist infiltration from, 596–597, 661–662
- Goal, 52–53,
93
- India, meetings with, 671, 681, 723
- Military capabilities, 7, 8, 238
- Situation in, 18, 148, 173
- Soviet Union, relations with, 301n, 567
- U.S. military policy, 192, 224, 254,
466, 672
- Contingency plan for, 232,
253–254, 608, 613
- Lansdale’s
proposals, 421–422
- Legal considerations, 634–635
- Naval and air harassment, 253,
381–382, 465–466
- Naval blockade, 233–234
- Soviet-Chinese reactions to, 195, 382
- Warnings of, 251, 539
- Vietnam, Republic of, 39, 105, 361n,
402, 417, 648, 692, 711
- Agriculture, 104–105, 373
- Air Force, 307–308, 420
- Berlin crisis, relation to, 214–216, 227n, 234,
249
- Kennedy’s U.N. speech, 293–295
- Bilateral defense treaty with U.S., 316–317, 383, 392,
509
- Border control, 41, 79, 86, 118, 315,
331, 445, 523
- ARVN plans, 405–406
- Cambodian cooperation, 36, 101, 137, 140–141
- MAAG command authority,
472–473
- Montagnards, assistance from, 518–519, 521
- Photographic and visual. reconnaissance, 308n, 320
- Political actions, 137, 358, 453–454
- Ranger units, 41,
355–356, 357–358, 445, 472
- Taylor Mission recommendations, 480, 518–522
- Central Intelligence Organization (CIO) (see also
Intelligence system below
), 48, 127, 175, 220, 353,
366, 372, 399, 402, 444, 452, 492,
495
- Civil Guard, 3, 7, 15n,
278, 307, 313, 366, 397, 399, 737n
- Build-up, 265, 743
- Creation, 349, 691
- Military control, 9, 447, 452
- Training by Chinese Nationalists, 432, 733–734
- Training program, U.S., 370,
452–453, 498, 592, 600, 741
- U.S. military assistance, 67,
108, 141
- Confidence-building program, U.S., 429, 431, 441
- Countryside, U.S. observation of, 155,
156, 162, 216–217, 416
- Coup, possible, 19, 25n, 59, 417, 764
- Crises of confidence, 427, 433–434, 457, 542,
618
- Defoliant use in, 432
- Counterinsurgency operations, 315, 319, 369, 639–642, 649, 663–664, 735–736, 749, 767–768
- Development of, 228, 229
- Economic situation, 4–5, 286, 488
- Communist insurgency, impact on, 399–400
- Piastre devaluation, 54, 109, 285, 291n
- Piastre-dollar exchange rate, 214, 225–226, 261, 263
- Taxation, 5, 34, 38,
54, 109, 171, 214
- Taylor Mission study of, 370–371, 390
- Elections of 1961, 8, 31–32, 50, 68n, 70–71, 82, 91
- Flooding in:
- Damage, 335–336
- Economic impact, 433, 647
- Government relief efforts, 346–347, 365, 387, 400, 424, 444, 613
- Initial reports, 335–336
- U.S. relief efforts, 424–425, 436, 460–462, 560, 584, 592
- Allied cooperation, 437–438
- Flood relief task force, 406–407, 426, 442, 454, 458–460
- Taylor Mission recommendations, 428–429, 441, 480, 501–502
- Free world assistance, 148–149
- Government change in Vietnam, U.S. contingency plans for, 407–411, 661, 662,
683–687
- “Human defoliation” project, 523–524, 531
- Intelligence system (see also Central
Intelligence Organization above), 4, 312, 450, 455
- Land reforms, 33, 42
- Leadership change in Vietnam, U.S. contingency plans for, 407–411, 661, 662,
683–687
- Military budget, 5, 109
- Military encadrements, 525, 526–528
- National Assembly, 39, 50, 157, 214, 387,
456, 513
- National Emergency Council, 512, 515, 535,
546–547
- National Internal Security Council (NISC), 22, 352, 508
- Navy, 488, 499, 741
- “Partnership of the United States and Vietnam” concept (see also
Taylor Mission to Southeast Asia: Report:
Implementation), 489, 491–494
- Phuoc Thanh, Communist capture of, 305–306
- Plaine des lonces, battle of, 230
- Police forces, 620–621
- Political communications program, 102–103
- Political reform program, U.S., 630
- National Emergency Council, 512, 515, 535,
546–547
- Organizational reforms, 658–659
- Popular support for Diem,
focus on, 494–495, 659–660, 668
- U.S. advisers in Vietnamese Government, 565, 592
- Diem’s attitude
toward, 709–710, 711–712
- Purpose of, 418–420, 493–494, 515–516
- Sub-limited war proposal and, 522–523, 527
- Taylor Mission Report recommendations, 480, 489, 493–494
- U.S. clarification of intentions, 676–677
- U.S. pressures on Diem, effectiveness of, 534–535, 546–547
- U.S.-Vietnamese understanding re, 715–716
- Political reforms, 48, 619
- Communication between government and people, 102–103
- Communist insurgency as obstacle to, 52–53
- As condition for increased U.S. assistance, 385–388
- Coup averted through, 627–628
- Democratic reforms, 26–27
- Diem’s announcement
of, 29–30, 36, 70
- Educated classes, focus on, 387–388, 659–660
- Executive board proposal, 445–446
- Minh’s position on, 396–397
- Opposition parties, creation of, 23, 364–365, 388
- Popular demand for, 513–514
- Popular support for Diem, 154–155, 157, 235–236, 271–272, 387
- Press coverage of National Assembly, 39, 50
- Program of Action for Vietnam, 97, 100–101
- Progress on, 30, 38–39,
245–246
- Province-level focus, 627–628
- Taylor Mission Report recommendations, 515–516
- U.S. policy, 8, 27–28,
35, 364–365, 411
- Political situation, 21, 153, 338, 396, 417, 487, 513, 527
- Cochin-Chinese absent from government, 268, 269
- Criticism of Diem by Vietnamese officials, 618–619
- Defections, 153–154
- Leadership change, U.S. contingency plans for,
407–411, 661, 662, 683–687
- Opposition to Diem, 2,
22–23, 27–28, 154, 508
- Overthrow of Diem, possible means of, 416–417
- State of emergency, 392, 397
- Taylor Mission Report analysis of, 511–516
- Psychological operations, 531–532
- Radio-TV broadcasts from Vietnam, 373–374, 420
- Research and development activities, 142, 228–229, 317–320, 390, 423, 489, 499–500
- Rice shortage, 230–231, 371
- Road construction, 105, 371
- Rural Reconstruction Teams, 494
- Self Defense Corps, 307, 397, 399, 448
- Build-up of, 265, 743
- Training by Chinese Nationalists, 432, 531, 648, 724, 733–734
- Training program, U.S., 370, 592, 600, 741
- Training under MAAG supervision, 366, 452–453
- State of Emergency, 392, 397
- Task Force Teams for rural areas, 103–104, 109
- U.K. assistance, 175–176, 732–733
- U.S. commercial aid program, 213–214, 261–262
- U.S. diplomats in, 156–157, 203–204, 219, 275
- U.S. economic assistance (see also
Commercial aid program, U.S.; Joint Action Program), 139, 648
- Buy American policy, 54, 55, 89
- Long-range development program, 55–56, 104–105, 123, 133, 14
2, 164, 213, 262, 266
- Program of Action recommendations, 111–113, 156, 648
- Taylor Mission recommendations, 481, 500–501, 516
- U.S. military assistance (see also
Military Assistance Advisory Group,
U.S.), 113, 139, 156, 435
- Air lift equipment, 592, 600, 652
- Aircraft, 394–395, 431, 435
- Civil Guard, support for, 67, 108, 141
- Felt’s
recommendations, 434–436
- Increase, U.S. proposal for, 82–83
- JCS
recommendations, 66–67
- “Jungle Jim” air units, 339, 343, 366–367n, 420, 741, 754
- Radar surveillance equipment, 108, 141
- Successes of, 182–184
- Taylor Mission recommendations, 517–518
- Witholding of, possible, 43–44
- U.S. troop deployment, 96, 117–118, 119, 125, 141, 145, 328, 337, 377, 400, 508, 539, 571, 575, 591, 615n, 662
- Alternatives, 551,
563–564, 569
- Ball position, 547–548
- Bilateral arrangement, 106–107, 133, 158–159
- Burmese position, 595–596
- U.S. response to, 694–696
- Chinese position, 117,
193, 194, 248, 283
- Combat engineer battalions, 377–378
- Combat troops used for training, 163, 376–378
- Cost, 254–255
- Deterrent to DRV
aggression, 206–207
- Diem position, 138n, 145, 383–384, 391–392, 429
- External attacks, used against, 86, 384–385
- Forces from other nations, 564, 570, 572
- French position, 584–585
- Helicopter units, 431,
461–462, 463–464, 496, 542
- Indian position, 192,
193–194, 540–541
- Vietnam, Republic of-Continued
- U.S. troop deployment-Continued
- International bodies, notification of, 438–439
- International law and, 634–635
- International position, 145, 609–610
- JCS position, 118–119, 463, 543–544, 551
- Johnson position, 155,
156
- Kennedy
position, 547–548, 607–608
- Laotian situation, impact on, 551, 552–553, 558–559, 562–563, 571–572, 573, 606, 608
- Legal measures for. See
U.S. disengagement under Geneva
Accords.
- Legal study, 629–635
- Limited combat units, 605–606
- Logistic units, 378–379, 380
- McNamara
position, 533, 537, 538–540, 559–561
- Mansfield
position, 467–470
- Maximum forces required, 539, 551, 560, 562
- Non-combat forces (see also
Flood relief task force under Flooding in above
), 626–627
- “Possible outcomes” study, 552–555
- Preconditions for Diem, 385,
437
- Preliminary studies, 133, 328
- Prepositioning of troops in Pacific areas, 590, 591
- Psychological effect, 392, 556–557
- Public announcements, 556–557
- Rusk position, 464,
550–552
- Senate, U.S., position, 467–470
- 17th parallel, placement
on, 565, 570, 573–575
- Southeast Asian leaders attitude toward, 145
- Soviets, notification of, 565, 572
- State Department program for, 561–565
- Taylor Mission:
- Timetable for, 490–491
- U.S. commitment, 556,
559–561, 564, 598–599
- U.S. “presence,” establishment of, 124, 344
- U.S. public response to, 610, 672
- Vietnamese support fOf, 141, 456–457, 528
- Warning to Communists re, 551–552, 556–557
- U.S.-Vietnamese Military Board, 419–420
- Village alarm system, 229,
371
- Village council elections, 50
- Vo Nguyen Giap, Gen., 53
- Vo Van Hai, 410
- Voss, Earl, 664
- Vu Quoc Thuc, 180, 213, 221n, 457
- Vu Van Mau, 667
- Vu Van Thai, 665, 682
- Vui Van Luong, 39
- Wade, Robert H.B., 233n
- Washington Evening Star, 664
- Washington Post, 665,
670
- Weil, T. Eliot, 680n
- Weiss, Seymore, 121, 122
- Wheeler, Lt. Gen. Earle G., 591n, 749n
- White, Byron R., 607n
- White, Gen. Isaac D., 31
- White, Ivan B., 35
- White paper on Vietnam. See
Jorden Report on Communist activities in
Vietnam.
- Wiggin, C.D., 35
- Williams, Haydn, 122, 306n, 434
- Williams, Gen. Samuel T., 687
- Wilson, Donald, 343n, 373, 641n, 679n, 763
- Wood, Chalmers B., 15n, 19n,. 32n, 35, 40n, 64, 160n, 172,
187n, 201, 205n, 230, 231n, 262n, 288n, 306n, 346n, 353, 394n, 534n, 584, 669n, 680n, 725, 735n
- Communist insurgency in Vietnam, 195–197, 596–597
- Taylor Mission, 364–367
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Flood relief task force, 436–440, 459
- Interdepartmental Task Force, 114, 134
- Y, Col., 48, 353,
366
- Young, Kenneth, 18, 80, 87, 117, 118, 120, 121, 166, 167, 255, 302
- Johnson’s Southeast Asia visit, 143–146, 147–149
- Yugoslavia, 594