Index

• Ackerman, Arthur, 170–171
• Adams, Maj. Gen. Paul D., 64
• Adams, Sherman, 248n, 257n
• Adenauer, Konrad, 122
• Agricultural labor program, U.S.–Japanese, 130, 400, 401–402, 448, 500
• Allison, John M., 2–3, 5n, 110, 242n
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese relations, 179n
  • Defense issues in Japan, 23, 174
    • Budget (1955), 49, 50, 51–52, 62, 68–72
    • Budget (1956), 133–137, 144–146, 148–150
    • Budget (1957), 246–247, 249
    • Build-up of forces, 6–8
    • Decrease in overall defense effort, 31–32
    • Inner Cabinet Defense Council, 81–82
    • Joint consultation, U.S.-Japanese, 109
    • U.N. Charter–Security Treaty relationship, 469–470
  • Dulles’ Japan visit, 156, 163
  • Hoover’s Japan visit, 128–131
  • Mutual Defense Treaty, 80, 81n
  • NSC5516, 17–19
  • Okinawa, U.S. land acquisitions, 200–201
  • Political situation in Japan, 190–191
  • Ryukyus and Bonins, repatriation of islanders, 142–143, 170–171
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit, 90, 97, 111, 121
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, 202n, 213
    • Japanese policy on domestic Communists and, 192
    • Japanese response to Soviet toughness, 225
    • Kuriles and South Sakhalin issue, 123n, 212–213
    • Normalization negotiations, 11n, 222–223, 224–225, 226, 234–235
    • U.S. policy, 68n
  • U.S. military assistance to Japan, 15
  • U.S. military presence in Japan:
    • Atomic task forces, 255–256
    • Bases, 76–77
    • Force reductions, 17
    • Japanese expenditures for, 34–35, 37n, 133–135, 152–153, 154n
  • War criminals, release of, 3
• Alsop, Joseph, 71
• Amau, 51
• American Cotton Manufacturers Institute, 248
• Amory, Robert, 438n
• Anderson, Dillon, 137, 188
  • NSC5516, 40, 41, 42, 44, 46
• Anderson, Robert B., 507–508
  • Defense issues in Japan, 45
  • Mutual Defense Treaty, 43
  • NSC5516, 43, 45
  • U.S. military presence in Japan, 75
• Ando, Yoshimitsu, 97, 111
• Arms control:
  • Nuclear testing ban, 395–397, 495–496, 497–498, 509
  • Nuclear weapons ban, 92–93
• Armstrong, W. Park, Jr., 132–133
• Asakai, Koichiro, 338–339, 368, 369, 377, 387, 392, 398, 404, 406, 407, 408, 410, 411, 413, 414, 488, 500, 506–507, 524
• Asbjornson, Mildred J., 306n, 320n
• “Asia for the Asians” doctrine, 13
• Atomic weapons. See Nuclear and atomic weapons.
• Australia, 356, 389, 393
• Baig, M. S. A., 427
• Baldwin, Charles F., 38n
• Bandung Conference, 14, 93
• Becker, Loftus E., 387, 392, 405, 413, 425n, 457, 459n, 465n, 468n
  • Girard case, 362–364, 365–366, 367
• Bell, James D., 17n
• Benson, Ezra Taft, 174
• Berding, Andrew H., 156, 307, 386, 405, 410, 413
• Bernau, Phyllis D., 117n, 118n, 298n, 302n, 303n, 305n, 332n, 342n, 345n, 375n
• Biddle, Gen., 156, 215
• Blackman, Herbert, 248n
• Bohlen, Charles E., 207–209
• Bonin Islands. See Ryukyus and Bonins.
• Bow, Frank T., 299, 303n
• Bowie, Robert R., 27, 29, 156, 244n, 325n, 427
• Bridges, Styles, 302
• Brownell, Herbert, 375, 417n
• Brucker, Wilber M., 301–304, 305–308, 322
• Brynes, James, 167
• Buchanan, Wiley T., 338n
• Bulganin, Nikolai A., 176, 177
• Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 539
• Carpenter, Stanley S., 296
• Chiang Kai-shek, 428
• Chiba, Koh, 97, 111, 235, 237, 296, 314, 331–332, 368, 386, 387, 390, 392, 404, 413
• Chiefs of Mission, U.S., conference at Baguio (March 1955), 17n
• China, People’s Republic of:
  • China, Republic of, threat to, 12–13
  • Normalization of relations with Japan, possible, 179n, 230
  • Trade with Japan, 5, 12, 26, 32
    • Chinese economic situation and, 550
    • Chinese trade representative, 497–498, 499
    • Dulles–Kishi discussion of, 399, 400–401
    • Eisenhower’s position, 338–339, 375
    • Japanese policy, 56, 129, 184
    • NSC discussions of, 46–48, 174–175
    • Public attitudes in Japan and U.S., 239
    • Soviet-Japanese relations and, 67
    • Strategic materials, 168
    • Trade control quotas, 448
    • U.K. trade policy and, 338, 360, 373
    • U.S. policy, 5–6, 59, 113, 114, 168, 238–240
  • U.N. membership, 94
  • U.S. policy toward, 93–94, 158–159
• China, Republic of, 93, 129, 158, 269, 316
  • Communist threat, 13–14
  • Security arrangements with Japan, 326
• Chiperfield, Robert B., 334
• Chou En-lai, 13, 94
• Churchill, Sir Winston S., 163–164
• Colombo Plan meeting, 131
• Congress, U.S.:
  • Bow Resolution, 422
  • Mutual Security Act of 1956, 187n
  • Public Law 480, 524n
• Cutler, Robert, 343–344
• Davis, Oscar, 366–367
• Dearborn, Frederick M., 516
• Dechert, Robert, 298, 333, 366, 367
• Decker, Gen. George H., 428
• Defense issues in Japan (see also Mutual Defense Treaty, U.S.–Japanese; Nuclear and atomic weapons; U.S. military assistance to Japan; U.S. military presence in Japan):
  • Air defense system, 452–453, 539–540, 551
    • Anti-aircraft battalions, 419–420
  • Air Self-Defense Force, 214–215, 352
  • Aircraft production, 14–16, 215–216, 420–421, 433, 535, 536
  • Basic national defense policy (May 1957), 432
  • Budget (1955), 2
    • Allison-Hatoyama meeting on, 49–52
    • Diet approval of, 71
    • Japanese position, 23–24, 26
    • State Department position, 38, 39–40
    • U.S.–Japanese negotiations, 31–32, 39–40, 62–63, 68–72, 82
    • U.S.–Japanese relations and, 68–72
  • Budget (1956):
    • Lemnitzer’s position, 130
    • U.S.–Japanese negotiations, 133–137, 143–150
    • U.S. recommendations, 124–127
  • Budget (1957), 215
    • Allison–Ishibashi meeting on, 246–247
    • Ridgway’s assessment of, 251–252
    • U.S.–Japanese negotiations, 249–250
  • Budget process, reform of, 72, 82, 102–103, 107
  • Build-up of forces, 215, 247
    • Allison’s position, 6–8
    • Force goals, 355
    • Japanese position, 6–7, 99–100
    • NSC discussion re, 44–45
    • Political obstacles, 431
    • Slow down of, 250, 252–253, 353
    • U.S. force reductions and, 340–341
    • U.S.–Japanese negotiations, 418–421
    • U.S. military assistance and, 189–190
    • U.S. position, 57, 59–60, 88–89
  • Collective defense concept, 381–383
  • Communist threat, Japanese attitude toward, 339–340
  • Decrease in overall defense effort, 31–32
  • Defense industry, development of, 60, 69
  • Dulles–Kishi meetings on, 377–386, 387–392
  • Dulles–Shigemitsu meeting on, 96–104
  • Expenditures-capability comparison, 354, 384–385
  • Expiration of Security Treaty, 387, 390
  • Guided missiles, 420
  • Inner Cabinet Defense Council, 81–82
  • Intergovernmental Committee on Security Treaty, 412, 415, 490–491, 525
    • Establishment of, 444
    • Meetings, 449–452, 460–462, 538–541, 549–552
    • Proposal for, 388–389, 405–406
  • Joint consultation, U.S.–Japanese, 100–101, 109
  • Kishi’s proposals, 277n
  • Lemnitzer as U.S. representative on, 130
  • Lemnitzer’s assessment of, 429
  • Long-range planning, 39, 351
  • Military documents in U.S., return of, 214
  • Psychological impact of World War II, 354–355
  • Radar sites, 421
  • Runway extensions, 14, 69, 101, 540–541
  • Security of military information, 263n, 269
  • Self-Defense Forces, 172, 214–215, 329, 351, 352
  • Strategic requirements, 120
  • Troops used outside Japan, 101–102, 119, 160–161
  • U.N. Charter–Security Treaty relationship, 387, 388, 439–441, 454–455, 457–461, 464–470
• Deming, Olcott H., 548–549
• Dewey, Thomas E., 121, 532–533
• Dillon, C. Douglas, 325n, 360, 401–402, 488, 500, 522n, 524n, 532
• Dirksen, Everett McKinley, 302
• Disarmament. See Arms control.
• Dodge, Joseph M., 48, 175
• Domnitsky, 161
• Doub, George C., 365
• Dulles, Allen W.:
  • Political situation in Japan, 26n, 137–138, 188
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, 28, 178n
• Dulles, John Foster, 16n, 240, 244n, 325, 443
  • Agricultural labor program, 500
  • Anti-Communist operations, high command proposal, 1
  • Arms control, 92–93
  • Asia policy, U.S., 158
  • Bandung Conference, 14
  • China, People’s Republic of:
    • China, Republic of, threat to, 13–14
    • Trade with Japan, 5, 46, 113, 114, 168, 400–401, 499
    • U.S. policy toward, 93–94, 158–159
  • Cultural relations, U.S.–Japanese, 501
  • Defense issues in Japan:
    • Budget (1955), 62–63, 72n
    • Budget (1956), 126–127
    • Budget process, reform of, 102–103
    • Build-up of forces, 45–45, 88
    • Collective defense concept, 381–383
    • Communist threat, Japanese attitude toward, 339–340
    • Expenditures-capability comparison, 384–385
    • Expiration of Security Treaty, 390
    • Intergovernmental Committee on Security Treaty, 388–389, 405–406, 412, 415
    • Runway extensions, 14
    • Security of military information, 269
    • Troops used outside Japan, 160–161
    • U.N. Charter–Security Treaty relationship, 388, 453–455, 459–460, 465–467, 468–469
  • Economic situation in Japan, 398–403
  • Embassy–COMUS Japan relationship, 423–425
  • Fujiyama, meeting with, 488–504
  • Girard case:
    • Anti-Japanese sentiment in U.S., 342–343
    • Court martial option, 307, 308, 313, 314
    • Jurisdiction issue, 293, 298, 299, 302–309, 313, 316–317, 320–322, 332, 333, 334, 344
    • Legality of U.S. jurisdiction decision, 375–376, 417, 425–426
    • U.S. policy on troops abroad and, 317–318
  • Ichimada, meeting with, 508n
  • Japan visit:
    • Hatoyama, meeting with, 163–170
    • Invitation for, 150–151
    • Shigemitsu, meeting with, 156–163
  • Japanese vested assets in U.S., 403
  • Kishi’s U.S. visit:
    • Agenda for, 346–349
    • Assessment of, 427–428
    • Communiqué on, 404–415
    • Defense issues, meetings on, 377–386, 387–392
    • Economics and trade, meeting on, 398–403
    • Eisenhower–Kishi meetings, 369, 410
    • Negotiations issue, 280, 286
    • Nuclear testing, discussion of, 396–398
    • Preparation for, 358–360
    • War criminals, discussion of, 392–394
  • Kono, meeting with, 524–528
  • Korean (ROK)–Japanese relations, 165–166, 526
  • Mutual Defense Treaty:
    • Constitutionality questions, 101–102, 160
    • Diet ratification issue, 80–81
    • Japanese proposal for, 78
    • NSC discussion of, 42–43
    • Support for, 258
    • U.S.–Japanese discussions of, 79n, 85–87, 97, 99, 101–102, 347–348
  • NSC5516, 38, 40–46
  • Nuclear and atomic weapons, 92–93, 157
    • Testing of, 396–398, 497–498
  • Okinawa:
    • U.S. intention to retain, 526–527
    • U.S. land acquisitions, 180–182, 198–200, 391
  • Political situation in Japan:
    • Conservative consolidation, 96–97, 118n, 161
    • Kishi’s political strength, 517
    • Labor policy, 492
    • U.S. political support for Kishi, 521
  • Ryukyus and Bonins, 151, 232
    • Civil administration issue, 197–198, 244–246
    • Command of military forces, 197
    • Education, Japanese participation in, 492
    • Executive order on U.S. administration, 335
    • Indemnification for exiles, 394, 412, 414, 488n, 502
    • Japanese administration, proposed, 385
    • NSC policy paper on, proposed, 513, 517
    • Pacific Command reorganization and, 197
    • Religious visits by exiles, 495
    • Repatriation of islanders, 166, 310, 311n, 312n, 336, 359, 361–362, 385–386, 390–391, 414, 488n, 493, 502–503, 526
    • Sovereignty question, 115–116, 408–411
    • U.S. land policy, 197
    • U.S. withdrawal, possible, 359
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit:
    • Assessment of, 117, 118n
    • Defense issues, meeting on, 96–104
    • Economics and trade, meeting on, 111–114
    • International affairs, meeting on, 90–96
    • Preparation for, 85–88
    • Shigemitsu’s departure, 118
    • War criminals, discussion of, 114–115
  • Southeast Asian economic development:
    • Joint U.S.–Japanese program, proposed, 162, 165
    • U.S. policy, 403, 499–500, 526
    • Soviet-Japanese relations:
      • Etorofu and Kunashiri issue, 208–209
      • Fishing rights, 176
      • Habomai and Shikotans issue, 122, 208–209
      • Japanese policy on domestic Communists and, 192
      • Japanese response to Soviet toughness, 223–224, 229
      • Kuriles and South Sakhalin issue, 29, 43, 74–75, 123n, 202–205, 208, 211
      • Normalization negotiations, 11–12, 13, 216, 223n, 224, 226, 227–230, 234n
      • Soviet intentions, 230
      • U.S.–Japanese discussions of, 95, 161
      • U.S. policy, 5–6
      • War criminals, release of, 166–167, 177, 228
    • Soviet Union:
      • Foreign policy, 156–157
      • Policies, U.S. assessment of, 91–92
    • Textile imports by U.S., 400
      • States’ discrimination against imports, 173, 260, 348–349, 361
      • U.S.–Japanese Textile Agreement (1957), 248
    • Trade issues, 169, 398–403
      • Markets for Japanese goods, 25, 73, 114
      • U.S.–Japanese trade imbalance, 112–113
      • U.S. trade restrictions, 14, 498–499
    • United Nations, Japan’s admission to, 159, 177–178
    • U.S. economic assistance to Japan:
      • Negotiations of, 116
      • NSC discussion of, 45–46
    • U.S.–Japanese relations, Soviet intentions in Asia and, 178
    • U.S. military assistance to Japan, 269
    • U.S. military presence in Japan:
      • Atomic task forces, 261, 269–270
      • Force reductions, 75, 87, 343, 345–346, 380–381, 389, 456–457
      • Japanese expenditures for, 36–37, 44, 87, 127, 155n
      • Joint control of disposition of U.S. forces, 358, 387–388, 406–407, 415
    • War criminals, release of, 11n, 15, 114–115, 151
      • Movement on, Japanese plea for, 493–494
      • Pardon issue, 357
      • Parole of prisoners, 355–357, 359, 393–394
      • Political considerations, 32, 88
      • Secretary of State given authority over, 542
• Dykema, Jere H., 318
• Economic cooperation among Far Eastern nations. See Southeast Asian economic development.
• Economic situation in Japan (see also Trade issues), 26
  • Balance of payments, 480, 507
  • Dulles–Kishi meeting on, 398–403
  • Foreign investment, 45–46, 129
  • Future developments, U.S. assessment of, 205–207
  • Loans from Export-Import Bank, 400, 402–403
  • Planned economy issue, 106–107
  • Stability programs of government, 186
  • U.S. policy on, 61–62
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 428
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese trade, 46–48, 175, 338–339, 375
  • Defense issues in Japan, 44, 45, 429
  • Embassy–COMUS Japan relationship, 424n
  • Girard case, 315n
    • Jurisdiction issue, 303, 316–317, 322, 333n, 334, 337, 338, 375
    • U.S. policy on troops abroad and, 318, 422n
  • Kishi’s U.S. visit:
    • Agenda for, 346
    • Invitation for, 259, 271
    • Meetings with Kishi, 369–375, 410–412
    • Preparation for, 358, 359
  • Mutual Defense Treaty, 41
  • Nationalism, worldwide growth of, 41
  • NSC5516, 41–48
  • Nuclear testing, 396, 509
  • Okinawa, U.S. land acquisitions, 182
  • Ryukyus and Bonins:
    • Executive order on U.S. administration, 336n, 429
    • Indemnification for exiles, 412
    • Repatriation of islanders, 359, 361, 376n
    • Sovereignty question, 411
    • U.S. withdrawal, possible, 359
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit, 91, 118n
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, 43
  • Textile imports by U.S., 374
    • States’ discrimination against imports, 173, 361
    • U.S.–Japanese Textile Agreement (1957), 248
  • United Nations, Japan’s admission to, 236
  • U.S. military presence in Japan:
    • Force reductions, 139, 343–344, 374
    • Japanese expenditures for, 44
    • Joint control of disposition of U.S. forces, 358
  • War criminals, release of:
    • Parole of prisoners, 259, 355, 359, 374
    • Secretary of State given authority over, 542
• Eisenhower, Maj. John S. D., 428
• Elections. See under Political situation in Japan.
• Ellington, Charles G., Jr., 201n
• Etorofu and Kunashiri issue. See under Soviet-Japanese relations.
• Executive Order 10713 on U.S. administration of Ryukyus and Bonins, 281–282
  • Draft order, 335
  • Japanese opposition to, 297–297
  • Need for, 264–267
  • State-Defense discussions of, 287–291, 318–320
• Export-Import Bank, 400, 402–403, 446–447
• Far Eastern conference, proposed, 118
• Finn, Richard B., 86, 90, 97, 111, 116n
• Fisher, Roger, 365
• Formosa. See China, Republic of.
• Fox, Lt. Gen. Alonzo P., 147, 259
• Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Treaty (U.S.–Japan) (1953), 349
• Fujiyama, Aiichiro, 452, 479
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese trade, 496–497
  • Cultural relations, U.S.–Japanese, 501
  • Defense issues in Japan:
    • Intergovernmental Committee on Security Treaty, 449, 450, 460, 461, 490–491, 538–541, 549–552
    • U.N. Charter–Security Treaty relationship, 469
  • Dulles, meeting with, 488–504
  • Girard case, 426n
  • Labor policy, 490
  • Nuclear testing, 496–497
  • Ryukyus and Bonins:
    • Education, Japanese participation in, 490, 494
    • Religious visits by exiles, 495
    • Repatriation of islanders, 491, 501–503
    • Reversionism issue, 549n
  • Southeast Asian economic development, 497, 500
  • Trade issues, 496
  • U.S. military assistance to Japan, 504n
  • U.S. military presence in Japan:
    • Force reductions, 450, 462, 539
    • Japanese expenditures for, 552–553, 555n, 556n
  • War criminals, release of, 491
• Fukuda, 171
• Funada, Naka, 159–160
• Gailey, Maj. Gen. Charles, 266
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 112
• George, Walter F., 25, 117, 118n, 121
• German, Robert K., 352n
• Germany, Federal Republic of, 9–10, 326
• Girard case:
  • Anti-Japanese sentiment in U.S., 342–343
  • Congressional action (Bow Resolution), 422
  • Court martial option, 307–310, 313, 314, 325
  • Indictment of Girard, 295, 324
  • International implications for U.S., 316
  • Jurisdiction issue, 262, 271–272, 282–284
    • Eisenhower’s assessment of, 316–317
    • Japanese position, 272, 294, 309, 314n, 315
    • Responsibility for U.S. decision, 298–301
    • Reversal of U.S. decision, proposed, 301–310, 313, 315
    • State Department position, 296
    • Summary of, 292–296
    • U.S. decision in favor of Japanese jurisdiction, 292, 295–296, 320–322, 324–325, 332–334, 337, 338
  • Killing of Japanese woman, 261, 293, 314n, 323–324
  • Legality of U.S. jurisdiction decision:
    • Girard’s writ, 362–364
    • State Department opinion, 344–345
    • Supreme Court, appeal to, 365–367, 375–376, 417, 425–426
    • U.S.–Japanese discussion of, 368–369
  • Press coverage, 261, 292n, 309, 314, 315
  • Summary of events for Eisenhower, 323–325
  • Trial of Girard, 368–369, 426n
  • U.S. policy on troops abroad and, 317–318, 422n
  • U.S. statement of regret, 261–262
  • War criminals issue and, 360–361
• Gleason, S. Everett, 49, 189, 517
• Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J., 315n, 333, 347n, 357, 376, 410, 428
• Gordon, Thomas S., 334, 422
• Gray, Gordon:
  • Defense issues in Japan, 101
    • Budget (1956), 124, 126–127, 150n
  • Okinawa, U.S. land acquisitions, 181n, 198
  • Ryukyus and Bonins, 245n
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit, 97, 101
  • U.S. military presence in Japan, 124
• Greene, Joseph N., Jr., 347n, 427n
• Gromyko, Andrei A., 74
• Habomai and Shikotans issue. See under Soviet-Japanese relations.
• Hagerty, James C., 357
• Harrington, Lt. Col. Robert E., 536
• Hatoyama, Ichiro:
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese trade, 129, 168
  • Defense budget (1955), 49–51, 69–70, 71
  • Dulles, meeting with, 163–170
  • Election of, 25–26
  • Foreign investment in Japan, 129
  • Hoover, meeting with, 128–129
  • Korean (ROK)–Japanese relations, 165
  • Political situation in Japan, 128, 139–140
  • Removal from office, 191
  • Ryukyus and Bonins, 166
  • Southeast Asian economic development, 166
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, 122, 167, 178n
  • U.S.–Japanese relations, 69–70, 128
• Hauge, Gabriel, 248n
• Hearst, William Randolph, Jr., 164
• Hemmendinger, Noel, 86, 87, 111, 135n, 193n, 214, 227
  • Future developments in Japan, report on, 205–207
  • U.S. military presence in Japan, 154–155, 171–173
• Hensel, H. Struve, 17–18, 24n, 32
• Herter, Christian A., 316, 446n, 484, 522n, 532, 558n
  • Girard case, 284, 422
  • Kishi, meeting with, 479–483
• Higa, Shuhei, 182
• Hirohito, Emperor, 270n
• Hoffman, Paul, 121
• Hollister, John B., 113, 114, 128, 129, 131
• Hoover, Herbert, Jr.:
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese trade, 129, 184
  • Defense issues in Japan:
    • Budget (1956), 124–126
    • Build-up of forces, 189, 190n
    • Lemnitzer as U.S. representative on, 130
    • Strategic requirements, 120
  • Hatoyama, meeting with, 128–129
  • Japan visit, 128–131
  • Kuraishi, meeting with, 184–185
  • Mutual Defense Treaty, 119
  • NSC5516, 188n
  • Pacific Command, reorganization of, 189
  • Political situation in Japan, 25
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit, 111
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, 128, 179, 184
  • Textile imports by U.S., 186–187
  • U.S.–Japanese relations, 128, 257
  • U.S. military presence in Japan:
    • Bases, 185
    • Force reductions, 75–76, 124, 138, 185–186
• Horsey, Outerbridge, 235, 246n, 452
  • Defense issues in Japan, 252–253
  • Girard case, 261–262, 314
  • U.S. military assistance to Japan:
    • 1958 assistance program, 430–435
    • Political and economic implications, 193–196
  • U.S. military presence in Japan, 263–264
• Hoshina, Adm. Zenshiro, 418, 419, 472, 474
• Howe, Fisher, 307, 425n
• Hull, Gen. John E., 2, 3–4, 16, 23, 265
• Humphrey, George M., 398
• Husain, A., 427
• Ichimada, Hisato, 507–508
  • Defense budget (1955), 23, 63, 70, 71
  • Dulles’Japan visit, 156, 161–162
  • U.S. military presence, Japanese expenditures for, 528–530
• Iguchi, Sadao:
  • Anti-Communist operations, high command proposal, 1
  • Bandung Conference, 14
  • China, Republic of, Communist threat to, 13
  • Defense issues in Japan, 14
  • Dulles’ Japan visit, 150–151
  • Ryukyus and Bonins, 151
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit, 90, 96, 111
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, 13
  • Trade issues, 13–14
  • War criminals, release of, 15, 151
• India, Japan’s relations with, 527–528
• Ingersoll, Adm. Stuart H., 263
• Intergovernmental Committee on Security Treaty. See under Defense issues in Japan.
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), 162
• Interior, U.S. Department of the, 476–477
• Irwin, John N., II, 405, 413, 474, 531
  • Ryukyus and Bonins:
    • Currency problem, 289
    • Executive Order on U.S. administration, 287, 288, 291, 318
    • Governorship, 287–288
    • Repatriation of islanders, 486–488
    • Reversionism issue, 514
  • U.S. military presence in Japan, 456
• Ishibashi, Tanzan:
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese trade, 238–240
  • Defense issues in Japan, 246–247
  • Dulles’ Japan visit, 156
  • Prime Ministership, 242n
  • Resignation, 259n
  • Textile imports by U.S., 236, 237
  • Trade issues, 239–240
  • United Nations, Japan’s admission to, 236
  • U.S.–Japanese relations, 236–237
• Ishida, Hirohide, 377, 386, 392, 398, 404, 413, 490
• Ishii, Mitsujiro, 156, 309
• Ishkov, A. A., 176
• Itogawa, Dr., 420
• Ivan, Maj. G. A., 307
• Japan. See:
  • Agricultural labor program, U.S.–Japanese
  • Defense issues in Japan
  • Economic situation in Japan
  • Girard case
  • Japanese vested interests in U.S.
  • NSC5516
  • Political situation in Japan
  • Ryukyus and Bonins
  • Soviet-Japanese relations
  • Textile imports by U.S.
  • Trade issues
  • Treaties and agreements
  • U.S.-Japanese relations
  • U.S. military assistance to Japan
  • U.S. military presence in Japan
  • U.S. policy toward Japan
• Japanese-American Committee on Security. See Intergovernmental Committee on Security Treaty under Defense issues in Japan.
• Japanese vested assets in U.S., 403, 448
• Johnston, Eric, 161
• Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. (see alsoRadford, Adm. Arthur W.):
  • NSC5516, assessment of, 33–34
  • Ryukyus and Bonins, repatriation of islanders, 376, 438–439
  • U.S. military policies and objectives toward Japan, 349–351
  • U.S. military presence in Japan:
    • Force reductions, 446n
    • Japanese expenditures for, 33–34
  • War criminals, release of, 9
• Jones, Maj. Gen. Herbert M., 307, 308, 365
• Jones, Howard P., 188, 259, 442, 453n, 454n, 456n, 494n, 528, 529, 530
• Jones, Gen. Stan, 333
• Kadowaki, 72
• Kaihara, Osamu, 418–421, 472, 473, 474
• Karasawa, Toshiki, 426n
• Kase, Toshikazu, 68n, 85, 90, 96, 111
• Kawakami, Kanichi, 263
• Kearney, Richard D., 264, 290, 319n
• Kearns, Henry, 446n
• Kishi, Nobusuke, 191
  • Agricultural labor program, U.S.–Japanese, 400
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese trade, 373, 399
  • Defense issues in Japan, 277n
    • Air defense system, 452–453
    • Budget process, reform of, 107
    • Collective defense concept, 381–383
    • Communist threat, Japanese attitude toward, 339–340
    • Expiration of Security Treaty, 387, 390
    • Intergovernmental Committee on Security Treaty, 388–389, 405–406, 415
  • Domestic policy, 519–520
  • Dulles’ Japan visit, 156, 163
  • Economic situation in Japan, 400
    • Balance of payments, 480
    • Planned economy issue, 106–107
  • Foreign policy, 519
  • Girard case, 343n
    • Jurisdiction issue, 262, 368–369, 426n
    • U.S. statement of regret, 262
  • Herter, meeting with, 479–483
  • Japanese vested assets in U.S., 403
  • Korean (ROK)–Japanese relations, 482–483
  • MacArthur, meetings with, 273–274, 277, 280, 286
  • MacArthur’s presentation of credentials, 267–268
  • Mutual Defense Treaty, 327–330
  • Nuclear testing, 395, 509
  • Okinawa:
    • Japanese administration issue, 372
    • U.S. land acquisitions, 391
  • Political situation in Japan:
    • Communist threat, internal, 105
    • Conservative consolidation, 105–106, 140, 141
    • Constitutional revision, 480
    • Labor policy, 480–481
  • Political strength of, 512, 517–521
  • Political support by U.S., 520–523, 534–535
  • Prime Ministership, 259n
  • Ryukyus and Bonins:
    • Executive order on U.S. administration, 297–298
    • Indemnification for exiles, 394–395
    • Japanese administration, proposed, 383–384
    • Migration of Ryukyuans to Trust Territory, proposed, 391–392
    • Repatriation of islanders, 386, 414, 482
    • Sovereignty question, 409–410, 413
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit, 90, 96, 103, 111, 121
  • Southeast Asian economic development, 373, 399, 403, 482
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, 213n
  • Textile imports by U.S., 398–399
  • Trade issues, 481–482
  • U.S. economic assistance to Japan, 373
  • U.S. military presence in Japan, 108
    • Atomic task forces, 263–264, 285
    • Joint control of disposition of U.S. forces, 371–372, 387–388, 407, 415
  • U.S. visit:
    • Agenda for, 346–347
    • Communiqué on, 386, 404–415
    • Defense issues, meetings on, 377–392
    • Economics and trade, meeting on, 398–403
    • Eisenhower, meetings with, 369–375, 410–412
    • Girard case, discussion re, 368–369
    • Invitation for, 259, 271–273
    • Negotiations issue, 280, 286
    • Nuclear testing, discussion of, 395–397
    • U.S. assessment of, 427–428
    • U.S. preparation for, 357–361
    • War criminals, discussion of, 392–394
  • War criminals, release of, 107, 392–394
• Knowland, William F., 48, 302, 334, 337, 375–376
• Kodaki, Akira, 264n, 285
• Kondo, Shinichiro, 488
• Kono, Ichiro, 107–110, 519
  • Defense issues in Japan:
    • Budget (1956), 144, 148–150
    • Joint consultation, U.S.–Japanese, 109
    • Lemnitzer as U.S. representative on, 130
    • Troops used outside Japan, 160
  • Dulles, meeting with, 524–528
  • Dulles’Japan visit, 156, 160, 161, 163, 170
  • Immigration from Japan, 170
  • Political situation in Japan, 525
    • Communist threat, internal, 108, 110
    • Conservative consolidation, 130, 161
    • Elections (July 1956), 190–191
    • Reshuffling by conservative government, 191
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit, 90, 96, 111, 121
  • Southeast Asian economic development, 532–533
  • Soviet-Japanese relations:
    • Fishing rights, 176–177
    • Japanese policy on domestic Communists and, 192
    • Kuriles and South Sakhalin issue, 191–192
    • U.S.–Japanese discussions re, 161
    • War criminals, release of, 177
  • United Nations, Japan’s admission to, 159, 177, 178
  • U.S. economic assistance to Japan:
    • Negotiations re, 116
    • P.L. 480 commodities, 524n
  • U.S.–Japanese relations, Soviet intentions in Asia and, 178
  • U.S. military presence, Japanese expenditures for, 528–532
  • U.S. visit, 524–533
• Koo, V. K. Wellington, 241
• Korea, Republic of, 118, 158
  • Japan, relations with, 131
    • Agreements on several issues, 558
    • Detention of fishermen by Korea, 165, 482–483, 521, 558
    • Security arrangements, 326
    • U.S.–Japanese discussions of, 165–166, 169
    • U.S. policy, 521, 526
• Kramer, Gene, 548, 549
• Kuraishi, Tadao, 183–187, 230
• Kuriles and South Sakhalin issue. See under Soviet-Japanese relations.
• Lamb, Richard H., 104, 110, 156, 235
• Langley, James, 427
• Lay, James S., Jr., 30, 53
• League for Acceleration of Return to the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, 491
• Lehrer, Max, 528–531
• Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 340, 428, 438n
  • Defense issues in Japan:
    • Assessment of, 429
    • Budget (1956), 130, 144–146, 149, 150
    • Budget (1957), 249
    • Build-up of forces, 89
  • Dulles’ Japan visit, 156
  • Girard case, 283, 300
  • Hoover’s endorsement of, 130
  • Okinawa, U.S. land acquisitions, 198, 200, 201
  • Pacific Command, reorganization of, 428
  • Ryukyus and Bonins:
    • Executive order on U.S. administration, 428–429
    • Mayor of Naha, U.S. ouster of, 544, 545, 546
    • U.S. land policy, 232, 442, 423
  • U.S. military presence in Japan:
    • Bases, 76
    • Force reductions, 172, 341
    • Japanese expenditures for, 153, 154n
• Leonhart, William, 27–28, 29
• Lyons, 510
• MacArthur, Douglas, II, 240n, 244n, 257n
  • Appointment as Ambassador, 242n
  • Defense issues in Japan:
    • Air defense system, 452–453
    • Intergovernmental Committee on Security Treaty, 444, 449–452, 460–462, 538–541, 549–552
    • U.N. Charter–Security Treaty relationship, 439–441, 457–459, 464–465, 467–468
  • Dulles’ Japan visit, 156
  • Embassy–COMUS Japan relationship, 276, 423
  • Girard case:
    • Anti-Japanese sentiment in U.S., 342, 343n
    • Court martial option, 309–310, 313, 314
    • Jurisdiction issue, 271–272, 282, 292, 299–301, 309, 313, 314n, 315, 334n
    • Legality of U.S. jurisdiction decision, 369
  • Herter–Kishi meeting, 483
  • Kishi, meetings with, 273–274, 277, 280, 286
  • Kishi’s U.S. visit, 387, 392, 405, 407, 410, 413, 414 [Page 569]
    • Agenda for, 346n
    • Eisenhower–Kishi meetings, 370
    • Girard case, discussion of, 369
    • Invitation re, 259, 271, 272–273
    • Negotiations issue, 280n, 286
    • Preparation for, 358, 360–361
  • Korean (ROK)–Japanese relations, 521
  • Mutual Defense Treaty, 327–330
  • Political situation in Japan, 517–521
  • Presentation of credentials, 267–268
  • Ryukyus and Bonins:
    • Executive order on U.S. administration, 297–298
    • Flag question, 444
    • Indemnification for exiles, 524
    • Migration of Ryukyuans to Trust Territory, proposed, 391
    • Repatriation of islanders, 310, 361n, 484
    • Reversionism issue, 549n
  • Southeast Asian economic development, 268, 485, 522
  • Trade issues:
    • Importance to Japan, 485
    • U.S. public relations campaign re, 522
  • U.S. military assistance to Japan, 536–538
  • U.S. military presence in Japan:
    • Atomic task forces, 261, 285
    • Force reductions, 404, 450–451, 463, 539
    • Japanese expenditures for, 331–332, 552–555, 556n, 557n
  • U.S. policy toward Japan:
    • Alignment of Japan with West, 325–330
    • Equal partnership, 277–279
  • War criminals, release of, 484
    • Parole of prisoners, 259
    • Secretary of State given authority over, 542
• Macmillan, Harold, 73
• Maeda, Toshikazo, 214
• Magari, Lt. Col. Toshiro, 214
• Malik, Yakov A., 74, 122
• Martin, Edwin, 10n
• Martin, James V., 142n, 175, 214, 240n, 264, 377n, 472n, 504n, 524, 528
  • Defense build-up in Japan, 418–421
• Masuhara, Keikichi, 214–216
• Matlock, Clifford, 398n, 507n
• Matsumoto, Takizo (Frank), 51, 68n, 90, 96, 107, 110, 111, 116, 121, 153, 156, 163, 190, 213n, 369, 410, 524, 527, 529
• Matsuno, Tsuruhei, 163
• McAuliffe, Eugene V., 325n
• McCardle, Carl W., 90, 111
• McClellan, Harold C., 248
• McClurkin, Robert J., 17, 74n, 104
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese relations, 6n
  • Defense issues in Japan:
    • Budget (1955), 23–24, 62n
    • Budget (1956), 146–148
  • Mutual Defense Treaty, 86
  • NSC5516, 29–30
  • Political situation in Japan, 139–142
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit, 85–88, 90, 97, 111
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, 19–21
  • U.S. military assistance to Japan, 15–17
  • U.S. military presence in Japan:
    • Bases, 76
    • Force reductions, 87
    • Japanese expenditures for, 23–24, 87–88
• Menzies, Robert G., 393
• Merchant, Livingston T., 11n, 73n, 84n
• Miki, Bukichi, 105, 108, 121, 141, 163, 168–169
• Miki, Takeo, 139
• Minnich, L. Arthur, Jr., 173n, 247n, 301n, 333n, 337n, 417n
• Mitchell, James P., 174, 448
• Miyakawa, Shinichiro, 528
• Molotov, Vyacheslav M., 167
• Moore, Gen. James E., 290, 291, 544–545, 549n
• Morgan, George A., 512
• Morgan, Gerald D., 333
• Morse, True D., 524n
• Murata, Shozo, 12
• Murphy, Robert D., 11n, 12, 116n, 265, 325n, 438n
  • Girard case, 293n
    • Jurisdiction issue, 307
    • Legality of U.S. jurisdiction decision, 344–345, 365, 366
  • Mutual Defense Treaty, 78n
  • Okinawa, U.S. land acquisitions, 198, 201n
  • Ryukyus and Bonins, 233n
    • Civil administration issue, 246
    • Migration of Ryukyuans to Trust Territory, proposed, 476–479
    • Repatriation of islanders, 336
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit, 90, 97, 111
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, 65, 68n, 175n
  • War criminals, release of, 9–10, 14
• Mutual Defense Treaty, U.S.–Japanese:
  • Constitutionality questions, 101–102, 119, 160
  • Diet ratification issue, 80–81
  • Dulles’ support, 258
  • Japanese proposal for, 78–80
  • Kishi’s support, 327–330
  • Kishi’s U.S. visit, discussion during, 347–348
  • MacArthur’s position, 329–330
  • Nash’s position, 341
  • NSC discussion of, 42–43
  • Nuclear and atomic weapons issue, 81n
  • Robertson’s position, 78–79
  • U.S.–Japanese discussions re, 79, 85–87, 97–99, 101–103, 347–348
  • U.S. military presence in Japan and, 80
  • U.S. policy, 38–39
• Nash, Frank C., 339–342
• National Intelligence Estimate, NIE41–55, 132–133
• National Security Council (see also NSC 5516):
  • Actions:
    • No. 1374, 47–48
    • No. 1683, 256n
    • No. 1806, 516
  • Meetings:
    • Jan. 13, 1955, 9
    • Mar. 3, 1955, 26n
    • Mar. 10, 1955, 28–29
    • 244th (Apr. 7, 1955), 40–49
    • 266th (November 15, 1955), 137–139
    • 282d (Apr. 26, 1956), 174–175
    • 290th (July 12, 1956), 187–189
    • 340th (Oct. 17, 1957), 516–517
• Nationalism, worldwide growth of, 41
• Nehru, Jawaharlal, 14, 527–528
• Nemoto, Ryutaro, 156, 159, 163, 213n
• New Zealand, 13
• Nixon, Richard M., 139
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 552
• Norvell, Capt. William C., 171n
• NSC5516, 52–62
  • Allison’s recommendations, 17–19
  • Draft policy statement, 30
  • JCS assessment of, 33–34
  • NSC discussions of, 40–49, 137–139, 187–189
  • Progress reports, 137, 188n, 257–258, 513, 516–517
  • Robertson’s assessment of, 38–40
  • State Department paper on, 27–30
• Nuclear and atomic weapons (see also Atomic task forces under U.S. military presence in Japan), 157
  • Arms control, 92–93
  • Mutual Defense Treaty and, 81n
  • Testing of:
    • Ban on testing, Japanese proposal for, 495–496
    • Japanese damage claims re, 509
    • U.S. policy, 396–398, 497–498
• Nuclear energy, 59
• Ockey, William C., 248n, 488, 504n, 524, 528
  • Defense budget (1957), 249–250
  • War criminals, release of, 509–510
• Ogata, Taketora, 82, 139
• Ohno, Katsumi, 296, 439–440, 457n, 461, 464, 469
• Okinawa, 359
  • Japanese administration issue, 372
  • U.S. intention to retain, 526–527
  • U.S. land acquisitions, 180–183, 198–201, 391
• Ono, Bamboku, 139
• Oosawa, 183
• Operations Coordinating Board, 257
• Otabe, Kenichi, 488
• Pacific Command, U.S.:
  • Embassy–COMUS Japan relationship, 275–276, 416, 423–425
  • Reorganization of, 188–189, 197, 233, 276, 428
• Parsons, Howard L., 184, 244n, 259, 280n, 386, 387, 392, 405, 413, 512, 534n
  • Defense issues in Japan, 252
  • Girard case, 307, 345n
  • Ryukyus and Bonins, 287–289, 291
    • Executive order on U.S. administration, 265, 281–282, 318
  • U.S. military assistance to Japan, 471–473
  • U.S. military presence in Japan:
    • Force reductions, 543
    • Japanese expenditures for, 556–558
  • Wartime ally, Japan’s reliability as, 253–254
• Parsons, J. Graham, 76, 121, 246n
  • Defense budget (1956), 148–150
  • Dulles’ Japan visit, 156
  • U.S. military bases in Japan, 171–172
• Per-Lee, Charles, 264
• Persons, Gen. Wilton B., 174, 333
• Pfeiffer, Harry F., Jr., 259, 264, 290, 318
• Philippines, 316
• Phleger, Herman, 19, 84n, 243
• Pletcher, Charles H., 264
• Political situation in Japan:
  • Communist threat, internal, 54, 98, 99, 105, 108, 110
  • Conservative consolidation, 8, 70, 96, 128, 130, 132, 137–138, 161
    • Dulles’ assessment of, 118n
    • Report on, 139–142
    • Reshuffling by conservative government, 191
    • U.S.–Japanese discussions of, 105–106
  • Constitutional revision, 480
  • Dulles–Shigemitsu discussion of, 95–96
  • Elections:
    • February 1955, 9, 25–26
    • July 1956, 188, 190–191
    • 1958, 518, 520
  • Future developments, U.S. assessment of, 205–207
  • Kishi, U.S. support for, 520–523, 534–535
  • Kishi’s political strength, 512, 517–521
  • Kono’s assessment of, 525
  • Labor policy, 480–481, 490, 492
  • Socialists’ policies, 185
  • U.S. policy on, 58–59
• Price, Melvin, 180n
• Price Subcommittee Report, 180, 191, 198
• Prochnow, Herbert V., 128
• Quarles, Donald A., 346, 358, 359, 444, 464n
• Radford, Adm. Arthur W., 2, 340
  • Asia-Pacific trip, 9
  • Defense build-up in Japan, 99–100
  • Girard case, 304
  • Kishi’s U.S. visit, 358, 359, 378–380
  • NSC5516, JCS assessment of, 34–35
  • Okinawa, U.S. land acquisitions, 200–201
  • Ryukyus and Bonins, repatriation of islanders, 142, 336, 359, 438–439
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit, 97, 99–100, 103
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, Etorofu and Kunashiri issue, 221–222
  • U.S. military policies and objectives toward Japan, 349–351
  • U.S. military presence in Japan:
    • Force reductions, 75, 138–139, 379–380, 404
    • Joint control of disposition of U.S. forces, 358
  • War criminals, release of, 3
  • World military situation, 378–379
• Randall, Brig. Gen. Gary A., 333
• Randall, Clarence B., 259, 360
• Rankin, J. Lee, 365, 367, 417
• Rayburn, Sam, 342, 422
• Raymond, John M., 83n, 219n, 307, 318, 321, 322
• Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 340, 427n, 443n, 488
• Reynolds, Robert G., 316n
• Rhee, Syngman, 118, 158, 165–166, 526
• Richards, Arthur L., 257n
• Richards, James P., 479n
• Ridgway, Gen. Matthew B., 251–252
• Ringwalt, Arthur, 202n, 207n
• Robbins, Capt. Berton A., Jr., 245n, 281, 318
• Robertson, Reuben B., Jr., 446n
  • Defense issues in Japan:
    • Budget (1956), 135n
    • Joint consultation, U.S.–Japanese, 100–101
  • Ryukyus and Bonins, 232–233
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit, 97, 100–101, 103
• Robertson, Walter S., 4n, 5n, 9n, 240–242, 244n, 266, 325, 377n, 398n, 488
  • Agricultural labor program, 448, 500
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese trade, 238–240, 448
  • Defense issues in Japan, 124n, 214–215
    • Budget (1955), 38, 39–40
    • Budget (1956), 135n, 146, 150n
    • Budget (1957), 249
    • Build-up of forces, 189–190
    • Intergovernmental Committee on
    • Security Treaty, 444
    • Long-range planning, 39
    • U.N. Charter–Security Treaty relationship, 457
  • Dulles–Kono meeting, 524
  • Dulles’ Japan visit, 156, 163
  • Embassy–COMUS Japan relationship, 416
  • Future developments in Japan, report on, 205
  • Girard case:
    • Anti-Japanese sentiment in U.S., 342
    • Jurisdiction issue, 293–296, 299, 304, 306n, 307, 320–322, 333
    • Legality of U.S. jurisdiction decision, 345n, 362, 368–369
  • India, Japan’s relations with, 527–528
  • Japanese vested assets in U.S., 448
  • Kishi’s U.S. visit, 387, 392, 405, 410, 413
    • Eisenhower–Kishi meetings, 369
    • Girard case, discussion on, 368–369
    • Preparation for, 359
  • Mutual Defense Treaty:
    • Diet ratification issue, 80n
    • Japanese proposal for, 78–80
    • U.S. policy, 38–39
  • NSC5516, 38–40
  • Okinawa, U.S. land acquisitions, 182–183
  • Political situation in Japan:
    • Conservative consolidation, 139
    • Kishi’s political strength, 517
    • U.S. political support for Kishi, 521, 534–535
  • Ryukyus and Bonins, 233n, 287
    • Civil administration, 244n
    • Currency problem, 436–437, 516
    • Executive order on U.S. administration, 281, 282n, 290–291, 318
    • Flag question, 444
    • Indemnification for exiles, 547
    • Mayor of Naha, U.S. ouster of, 544–546
    • Migration of Ryukyuans to Trust Territory, proposed, 391, 476n
    • NSC policy paper on, proposed, 291, 513–514
    • Religious visits by exiles, 497, 506
    • Repatriation of islanders, 143n, 243, 310–311, 336, 359, 438–439, 445, 486, 488n, 504–507
    • Reversionism issue, 514–515, 549n
    • U.S. land policy, 442
  • Southeast Asian economic development, 447
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, 175n
    • Etorofu and Kunashiri issue, 221
    • Fishing rights, 177
    • Kuriles and South Sakhalin issue, 124, 218, 219
    • Normalization negotiations, 122–123, 216–220, 223n, 227
  • Textile imports by U.S., 238, 260, 446
  • Trade issues, 505
  • United Nations, Japan’s admission to, 235–236
  • U.S. economic assistance to Japan:
    • Loans, 446–447
    • P.L. 480 commodities, 524n
  • U.S.–Japanese relations, 236–237
  • U.S. military assistance to Japan:
    • Aircraft production program, 14
    • Missile sales, 536
    • Offshore procurement, 448
    • Reimbursable aid, possible shift to, 471, 473n, 474, 510–511, 534–536
  • U.S. military presence in Japan, 171
    • Bases, 182, 183
    • Force reductions, 445–446, 456, 463n, 543
    • Japanese expenditures for, 154, 155n, 556, 558n
  • War criminals, release of, 10n, 11n, 493, 494
    • Parole of prisoners, 242–243
    • Reductions of sentences to time served, 509, 510n
    • Political considerations, 83
  • Wartime ally, Japan’s reliability as, 253, 254n
• Rockefeller, John D., III, 501
• Rockefeller, Nelson, 41, 46, 48
• Roderick, George H., 289, 436, 437n, 516, 545, 549n
• Rogers, Gen., 76, 173
• Rogers, William P., 366, 367
• Rountree, William M., 427
• Ryukyus and Bonins (see also Okinawa):
  • Civil administration issue, 197–198, 233, 243, 244–246, 288
  • Command of military forces, 197
  • Currency problem, 265, 289, 436–437, 516
  • Dulles–Shigemitsu discussion of, 115–116
  • Education, Japanese participation in, 490, 492, 494
  • Executive order on U.S. administration, 281–282, 428–429
    • Draft order, 335
    • Japanese opposition to, 297–298
    • Need for, 264–267
    • State-Defense discussions of, 287, 288, 289–291, 318–320
  • Fishermen from Japan and, 522–524
  • Flag question, 444
  • Governorship, 276, 288–289, 335
  • Indemnification for exiles, 394–396, 412, 414, 445, 487, 488n, 502, 523, 547–548
  • Japanese administration, proposed, 277n, 383–384, 385
  • Kuriles and South Sakhalin issue, relation to, 29, 43, 202–204, 210–211
  • Mayor of Naha, U.S. ouster of, 544–546
  • Migration of Ryukyuans to Trust Territory, proposed, 391–392, 476–479
  • NSC policy paper on, proposed, 291, 513–514, 516–517
  • Pacific Command reorganization and, 197, 233
  • Religious visits by exiles, 414, 438, 445, 497, 506
  • Repatriation of islanders, 116, 142–143, 336, 359, 384, 385–386
    • Caucasians, 170–171, 487, 502–503
    • Defense Department position, 486–488
    • Japanese position, 151, 169, 311, 482, 491, 501–503
    • JCS position, 376, 438–439
    • MacArthur’s position, 484
    • Nash’s position, 342
    • Political problems caused by, 390–391
    • Study re, 414, 438, 439, 445, 486–488
    • U.S. formula for, 361–362
    • U.S. position, 166, 243, 320–323, 493, 501–503, 504–507, 526
  • Reversionism issue, 142, 514–515, 548–549
  • Sovereignty question, 115–116, 220–221, 226, 408–410, 411, 413
  • Strategic importance to U.S., 336, 351, 376, 504–505
  • U.S. land policy, 197, 232–233, 442–443, 478–479
  • U.S. policy statement on, 60
  • U.S. withdrawal, possible, 359
• Sakhalin Island. See Kuriles and South Sakhalin issue under Soviet-Japanese relations.
• Sakai, Mrs. Naka, 261n
• Sawaki, Masao, 214
• Sebald, William J., 11n, 12, 110, 150n, 151, 175, 258, 280n
  • Anti-Communist operations, high command proposal, 1
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese trade, 67
  • Defense issues in Japan, 126
    • Budget (1955), 23, 24n, 26, 72n
    • Build-up of forces, 88–89
    • Joint consultation, U.S.–Japanese, 109
  • Economic situation in Japan, 107
  • Embassy–COMUS Japan relationship, 275–276
  • Mutual Defense Treaty, 86
  • NSC5516, 29–30, 38n
  • Okinawa, U.S. land acquisitions, 201n
  • Political situation in Japan, 25–26, 105
  • Shigemitsu’s U.S. visit, 84–88, 90, 97, 111
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, 65–68, 179
  • U.S.–Japanese relations, mutuality in, 257–258
  • U.S. military presence in Japan, 23, 24n, 36n, 87
  • U.S. policy toward Japan, 26
  • War criminals, release of, 14, 83–84, 88
• Security Treaty, U.S.–Japanese (1951):
  • Expiration of, 387, 390
  • Intergovernmental Committee on Security Treaty, 388–389, 405–406, 412, 415, 444, 449–452, 460–462, 490–491, 525, 538–541, 549–552
  • U.N. Charter, relationship to, 387, 388, 439–441, 457–461, 464–470
• Seidman, Harold, 264–267
• Selby, Richard R., 84n, 111
• Senaga, Kamejiro, 265, 516, 544–546
• Shepilov, Dimitri, 202n
• Sherman, William, 163
• Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 4n
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese trade, 114
  • Defense issues in Japan, 24, 174
    • Budget (1955), 2, 63, 70, 71
    • Budget (1956), 144
    • Budget process, reform of, 102–103
    • Build-up of forces, 89, 100
    • Inner Cabinet Defense Council, 81–82
    • Joint consultation, U.S.–Japanese, 100, 101
    • Runway extensions, 101
  • Dulles’Japan visit, 156–163
  • Foreign policy, influence on, 225
  • Korean (ROK)–Japanese relations, 131
  • Mutual Defense Treaty:
    • Constitutionality questions, 102
    • Diet ratification issue, 81n
    • U.S.–Japanese discussions of, 98, 99, 102, 103
  • Political situation in Japan, 95–96
    • Communist threat, internal, 98, 99
    • Conservative consolidation, 131
  • Removal from office, 121, 212–213
  • Soviet-Japanese relations, 95
    • Etorofu and Kunashiri issue, 208–209
    • Kuriles and South Sakhalin issue, 123n, 202–204, 207–208, 212
    • Normalization negotiations, 11n, 226
  • Trade issues, 114
  • U.S. military presence, Japanese expenditures for, 2, 34–35, 37n, 153n
  • U.S. visit:
    • Defense issues, meeting on, 96–104
    • Departure from U.S., 118
    • Domestic reaction, 119n, 120n
    • Economic and trade issues, discussion of, 111–114
    • International affairs, meeting on, 90–96
    • Japanese assessment of, 121
    • Joint statement on, 119n
    • U.S. assessment of, 117, 118n
    • U.S. preparation for, 84–88
    • War criminals, discussion of, 114–115
  • War criminals, release of, 2–3, 114–115
• Shima, Shigenobu, 90, 111, 175n, 227
• Shimanouchi, Toshiro, 111, 182, 488
• Shimoda, Takeso, 528
• Shuff, Charles H., 472, 473, 474, 534
• Smith, Gen. Frederic H., Jr., 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 538, 539, 540–541
• Smith, Gerard C., 516–517
• Smith, H. Alexander, 334
• Snow, Conrad L., 19, 21–23, 83
• Snyder, Murray, 298, 305, 307
• SOHYO labor organization, 480–481
• Somagahara shooting case. See Girard case.
• Southeast Asian economic development:
  • Japanese desire for, 373, 399, 403, 482, 497, 500
  • Joint U.S.–Japanese program, proposed, 161–162, 165, 532–533
  • U.S. policy, 113, 259–260, 268, 401, 403, 447, 485, 499–500, 522, 526, 533
• Southerland, Adm., 420
• Soviet-Japanese relations, 26, 184
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese trade and, 67
  • Consular offices, 67–68
  • Cultural relations, 501
  • Diplomatic relations, restoration of, 234–235
  • Etorofu and Kunashiri issue, 208–209, 234n
    • Soviet military installations, 215, 217, 221–222
    • U.S. position, 213, 221, 226, 235n
  • Fishing rights, 67, 176–177
  • Habomai and Shikotans issue, 6, 21, 23, 28, 59, 66, 122, 208–209, 221, 226, 234n
  • Japanese policy on domestic Communists and, 192
  • Japanese response to Soviet toughness, 223–224, 225, 229
  • Kuriles and South Sakhalin issue:
    • International conference on, proposed, 203–205, 207–208, 212–213, 218, 219
    • Japanese position on sovereignty, 66, 123n, 191–192
    • Legal perspectives on, 19–23, 74–75
    • Ryukyus and Bonins issue, relation to, 29, 43, 202–204, 210–211
    • U.S. position on sovereignty, 59, 66, 123, 210, 220–221, 226
  • Normalization negotiations, 11n, 13, 176n, 202n, 234n
    • Hatoyama’s assessment of, 128
    • Opening of, 29
    • Progress reports, 122–124, 178n, 216–218
    • U.S. policy, 11–12, 179, 218–221, 222–232
  • Soviet intentions, 230
  • United Nations membership for Japan and, 67, 159
  • U.S.–Japanese discussions of, 13, 95, 161
  • U.S. policy, 5–6, 59, 65–68, 122–124
  • War criminals, release of, 67, 166–167, 177, 228, 356
• Soviet Union (see also Soviet-Japanese relations):
  • Foreign policy, 156–157
  • Missile developments, 539
  • Nationalism in, 178
  • Nuclear testing, 396
  • Policies, U.S. assessment of, 91–92
  • Scientific developments, 536–537, 550
  • U.S.–Japanese discussion of, 549–551
• Sprague, Mansfield D., 322, 333, 349n, 357, 365, 416, 438, 439
  • Ryukyus and Bonins:
    • Indemnification for exiles, 547–548
    • Mayor of Naha, U.S. ouster of, 544
    • U.S. land policy, 442–443
  • U.S. military assistance to Japan:
    • Missile sales, 536
    • Reimbursable aid, possible shift to, 474–475, 510
• Stassen, Harold E., 17, 41, 43, 45, 46, 47
• Steeves, John M., 244n, 275, 289
• Streibert, Theodore C., 41
• Stump, Adm. Felix B., 188, 428, 549, 551
  • Intergovernmental Committee on Security Treaty, 460–462
  • Military situation in Far East, 460–461
  • U.S. force reductions in Japan, 461–462, 463
• Suhrawardy, Husein Shaheed, 427–428
• Sullivan, Charles A., 97
• Suma, 212
• Sunada, Shigemasa, 89
• Supreme Court, U.S., 425–426
• Suzuki, 153
• Swing, Gen. Joseph M.,, 448
• Taiwan. See China, Republic of.
• Takahashi, Lt. Col. Masaji, 418
• Takasaki, Tatsunosuke, 156, 162, 237
• Takeuchi, 296
• Tanaka, Hiroto, 142n, 183, 215n, 387, 392, 404, 413
• Tani, Masayuki, 13, 51, 175, 183, 214
  • Ambassadorship for, 171n
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese relations, 230
  • Soviet-Japanese relations:
    • Kuriles and South Sakhalin issue, 75n, 123n,
    • Normalization negotiations, 12n, 226, 227–230
    • Soviet intentions, 230
    • U.S. policy, 68n
    • War criminals, release of, 228
  • U.S. military presence, Japanese expenditures for, 35
• Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 35, 49, 50, 62
• Textile imports by U.S.:
  • Dulles–Kishi discussion of, 398–399, 400, 402
  • U.S.–Japanese Textile Agreement (1957), 248–249
  • States’ discrimination against imports, 173–174, 260, 348–349, 361, 374, 398–399, 401, 402, 446, 505
  • Tariffs and voluntary restraints, 186–187, 237–238, 374
• Thoma, Jugo, 549
• Todd, Gen., 341
• Togo, Funihiko, 488
• Toyoda, Capt. Susumu, 214
• Trade issues (see also Textile imports by U.S.), 169
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese trade. See under China, People’s Republic of.
  • Dulles–Kishi discussion of, 398–403
  • Dulles–Shigemitsu discussion of, 111–114
  • Importance to Japan, 485
  • Markets for Japanese goods, 25, 73, 114, 239–240
  • U.S.–Japanese trade imbalance, 112–113
  • U.S. policy on, 61
  • U.S. public relations campaign re, 522
  • U.S. trade restrictions, 14, 481–482, 497, 498–499
  • Value of Japanese market to U.S., 505
• Treaties and agreements, U.S.–Japanese:
  • Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Treaty (1953), 349
  • Mutual Defense Treaty. See Mutual Defense Treaty, U.S.–Japanese.
  • Public Law 480 agreement, 524n
  • Security Treaty. See Security Treaty, U.S.–Japanese.
  • Textile Agreement (1957), 248–249
• Truman, Harry S., 204
• Tsushima, Juichi, 450, 452, 461, 462, 539–540, 541, 551
• Turkey, 45
• Turnage, William V., 259
• Uemura, 472, 475
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union.
• United Kingdom, 1, 3, 73, 338, 360, 373
• United Nations:
  • Chinese People’s Republic admission to, 94
  • Japan’s admission to, 17, 67, 144, 159, 177–178, 234, 235–236
  • Japan’s policy in, 241
• U.S. economic assistance to Japan, 62, 373
  • Loans, 446–447
  • Negotiations re, 116
  • NSC discussion of, 45–46
  • P.L. 480 commodities, 524n
• U.S.–Japanese relations:
  • Cooperation, need for, 236–237
  • Defense budget and, 68–72
  • Future developments, U.S. assessment of, 206–207
  • Hatoyama’s assessment of, 128
  • Mutuality in, 257–258
  • Soviet intentions in Asia and, 178
  • Tensions, sources of, 56, 277n
• U.S. military assistance to Japan:
  • Aircraft production program, 15–17, 535, 536
  • Ammunition, 196
  • Japanese force build-up and, 189–190
  • Missile production, joint program for, 196
  • Missiles, provision of, 263n, 264, 269, 536–538, 551
  • 1958 assistance program, 430–435
  • Offshore procurement, 63, 448
  • Political and economic implications, 193–196
  • Reimbursable aid, possible shift to, 471–475, 510–511, 534–536
  • Spare parts, 196
  • Wilson–Fujiyama discussion of, 504n
• U.S. military presence in Japan, 107
  • Atomic task forces:
    • Japanese debate re, 263–264
    • Kishi’s position, 285
    • Press reports on, 255–256
    • State-Defense coordination of, 269–270
    • U.S.–Japanese discussion of, 261
  • Bases:
    • Development of air bases, 185
    • Japanese attitude toward, 56
    • Long-term base rights, 171–172, 182, 183
    • Retention of bases following redeployment, 76–76
  • Force reductions, 17, 87–88, 185–186, 374, 389
    • Anti-aircraft battalions, 419–420
    • Dismissals of Japanese civilians due to, 539, 543
    • Japanese attitude toward, 194–195, 380–381
    • Japanese force build-up and, 340–341
    • Minimum force strength, 172
    • Presidential authorization for, 343
    • Press reports on, 75–76, 463
    • Progress reports on, 445–446, 543
    • U.S.–Japanese coordination re, 450–451, 461–462
    • U.S. plan for, 124, 138–139, 343–344, 345–346, 379–380, 404, 446n, 456–457
  • Japanese expenditures for, 2, 23–24, 80, 87–88, 249, 251
    • JCS position, 33–34
    • NSC discussion of, 44
    • Progressive reduction agreement, 331–332
    • Reduction agreement for FY 1956, 133–135
    • Shigemitsu’s U.S. trip re, proposed, 34–37
    • U.S.–Japanese expense sharing formula, 528–532, 552–558
    • U.S.–Japanese negotiations, 152–153, 154–155
    • U.S. recommendations, 125–126, 127
  • Joint control of disposition of U.S. forces, 358, 387–388
    • Japanese position, 371–372
    • War possibility and, 406–407, 415
  • Mutual Defense Treaty and, 80
  • U.S. policy toward, 60
  • U.S. strategy in Far East and, 350
• U.S. policy toward Japan (see also NSC 5516):
  • Alignment of Japan with West, 325–330
  • Courses of action, 58–62
  • Equal partnership, MacArthur’s proposal for, 277–279
  • Hull’s assessment of, 3–4
  • “Indispensability” issue, 17, 26
  • Military policies and objectives, 349–351
  • NIE41–55, 132–133
  • Objectives, 57–58
  • Strategic value of Japan, 240
  • Wartime ally, Japan’s reliability as, 253–254
• Vettel, Thelma E., 446n
• Vietnam, 24, 157
• Waddell, H. N., 64
• War criminals, release of (see also under Soviet-Japanese relations), 8, 15, 107, 151
  • Allison’s position, 3
  • Clemency and Parole Board jurisdiction over, 11n
  • Dulles–Kishi discussion of, 392–394
  • Dulles–Shigemitsu discussion of, 114–115
  • German reaction, possible, 10–11
  • Girard case and, 360–361
  • Japanese position, 2–4
  • MacArthur’s position, 484
  • Movement on, Japanese plea for, 491, 493–494
  • Number of prisoners held by U.S., 347n
  • Pardon issue, 357
  • Parole of prisoners, 10–11, 59, 242–243, 259, 355–357, 359, 374, 393–394, 446
  • Political considerations, 83–84, 88
  • Reductions of sentences to time served, 509–510, 523
  • Secretary of State given authority over, 542
• Waring, Frank A., 260, 268
• Waugh, Samuel K., 402–403
• Way, Arthur, 290, 528, 529–531
• Weeks, Sinclair, 174, 248–249, 398, 402, 524n
• Weintraub, Sidney, 346n, 352–355
• White, Lincoln, 235n
• Whiteman, Marjorie, 363n
• Willis, George H., 437n
• Wilson, Charles E.:
  • Chinese People’s Republic-Japanese trade, 175
  • Defense build-up in Japan, 189–190
  • Girard case, 305, 332, 333
  • NSC5516, 33
  • Okinawa, U.S. land acquisitions, 180
  • Pacific Command, U.S.:
    • Embassy–COMUS Japan relationship, 423, 425n
    • Reorganization of, 188–189
  • Ryukyus and Bonins, 197, 244
  • Textile imports by U.S., 174, 248
  • U.S. military assistance to Japan, 504n
  • U.S. military policies and objectives toward Japan, 349
  • U.S. military presence in Japan:
    • Atomic task forces, 269
    • Force reductions, 75, 76, 138, 343, 345–346, 464n
    • Japanese expenditures for, 529, 530
  • War criminals, release of, 11n
• World Bank, 162
• Yasukawa, Takeshi, 97, 111, 472
• Yingling, Raymund T., 344–345
• Yoshida, Shigeru, 1, 139, 409
• Yost, Robert C., 193n
• Young, Kenneth T., 447
• Yukawa, 114
• Zablocki, Clement J., 143n
• Zurhellen, J. Owen, Jr., 368, 370, 387, 392, 405, 410, 413, 488