Index1

• Acheson, Dean G., 486–488, 744
• Albania: Miscellaneous references, 980, 992, 1019; question of U.S. recognition of an Albanian Government-in-exile, 1
• Alexander, Gen. Sir Harold R. L. 190, 327, 971
• Anfa Plan. See under France: Disunity, etc.
• Angola, 585–594
• Argentina, 706, 767, 770, 896, 903
• Arnold, Gen. Henry H., 566, 1043, 1046, 1047
• Athens, Allied warnings to Axis against bombing of, 937, 942
• Atherton, Ray, 36, 38–39, 78, 654, 725, 726–727, 735–736, 915–916
• Atlantic Charter, 12, 69, 75, 235, 296, 339, 986, 1013, 1025, 1032
• Azores. See under Portugal.
• Badoglio, Field Marshal Pietro. See Italy: Overthrow of Fascist regime: Badoglio government; also Italy: Responsible government, etc.: Constitutional crisis.
• Bailey, Col. S. W., 987, 1001–1002, 1007, 1008, 1010
• Baudet, Philippe, 136, 141–142, 186, 188
• Belgian Congo, 5, 587–594 passim
• Belgium, 2–5
  • Agreements with United States:
    • Aid to U.S. armed forces, supplementary agreement by exchange of notes, Jan. 30, providing for, 4
    • Jurisdiction over criminal offenses committed by U.S. armed forces in Belgian Congo, agreement by exchange of notes, Mar. 31, May 27, June 23, and Aug. 4, 5
  • Bombing in Belgium by U.S. air forces, Belgian representations regarding, and U.S. reply, 2–4
  • Italian Armistice, correspondence with United States regarding, 398–402
• Bergeret, Gen. Jean Marie, 43, 69, 74, 133
• Berle, Adolf A., Jr., interest in U.S. relations with Denmark, 7–13 passim, 19–20; France, 28–29, 136–137, 169–171, 209–210, 227–228; Italy, 318, 402–404, 406, 423–425, 429–430; Netherlands, 462–463, 465–466; Yugoslavia, 985–986, 1014–1015, 1021–1022, 1042
• Bethouart, Gen. M. E., 39, 62, 133, 135, 136, 138, 140, 188
• Board of Economic Warfare (see also Foreign Economic Administration; Office of Economic Warfare; Sweden: War Trade Agreement), 220, 515–520, 523, 587, 588, 592, 676–678, 679, 681, 682, 686, 687, 693, 694, 826, 831, 832, 838, 843, 845, 851–852, 854, 859n
• Boegner, Etienne, 169–171
• Bogomolov, A. E., 187, 421, 431, 974–975, 978, 1017
• Boheman, Erik C., 739–760 passim, 764, 772, 773, 785, 786–788, 797–798, 822–823
• Boisson, Pierre, 40, 71, 76, 98–99, 133, 136, 140, 144–145, 145, 162–163, 165n , 165, 166, 168n , 168, 193–201 passim
• Bonnet, Henri, 140, 157, 187
• Brazil, 254, 255, 267, 267–268, 392, 535, 548–549, 572, 936
• Bruggmann, Charles, 829n , 873, 874, 876, 886
• Bulgaria, 722, 727, 787, 983, 992, 1002
• Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 54–55, 64, 391
• Cairo, Allied warnings to Axis against bombing of, 913, 937, 942
• Campbell, Sir Ronald H., 497n , 510, 511, 519–526 passim, 567
• Campbell, Sir Ronald I., 28–29, 29–30, 128, 318, 371, 403, 404
• Canada, 940
• Canfield, Cass, 741, 751–760 passim, 768, 776–778
• Cannon, Cavendish W., 1004–1006, 1009–1010, 1015, 1042
• Carceller Segura, Demetrio, 664–666
• Cárdenas, Juan Francisco de, 595n , 607–608, 611, 631, 632, 725–726, 726–727, 728, 729, 733, 735–736
• Casablanca Conference (see also France: Disunity, etc.: Anfa Plan), 487
• Castro Caldas, Francisco Teixeira, 518, 519–520, 525
• Catroux, Gen. Georges (see also under France: French Committee of National Liberation: de Gaulle–Giraud meeting), 127, 129, 132, 134, 139, 140, 144–151 passim, 157, 161, 213, 217
• Christian X, King of Denmark, 6, 9, 10, 12, 14, 20, 21
• Churchill, Winston S.:
  • Attitude toward Gen. de Gaulle, 35, 48–49, 64, 66, 78, 116–117, 127, 129, 139, 146n , 155, 159–160, 160, 161–162, 173–175, 182; Gen. Giraud, 35, 45, 46, 48–49, 57, 83–84, 175
  • Correspondence with—
    • Roosevelt, 23–24, 146n , 155–157, 159–162, 171–172, 173–177, 181–183, 193–194, 195n , 196–197, 326–339 passim, 371–373, 375–376, 378–379, 380–384, 420, 534–537, 547–548, 550–551, 553, 554, 558, 565, 939–940
    • Roosevelt and Stalin, 353–354, 360–361, 375–376, 383
  • Italy: Agreement on text of instrument of surrender, 332–339 passim, 356; Allied bombing of Rome, opinion concerning, 916; joint statement with Roosevelt and Stalin acknowledging co-belligerency of Italy against Germany, 387–388; military armistice of Sept. 3, reaction to, 363–364; modification of armistice terms without reference to Soviet Union, position regarding, 385; open city status of Rome, disapproval of, 939–940; recognition as co-belligerent, support for, 372–373, 373–374, 380–381, 387–388; Roosevelt–Churchill proclamation of July 16 to the Italian people, 330–331, 336
  • Views regarding—
    • Allied use of facilities in the Azores, and negotiations with Portugal to obtain, 534–535, 537, 550, 554, 558
    • British relations with Vichy, 32–33
    • Danish resistance to German rule, 10–11, 12, 14
    • Soviet entry into war against Japan, 115
    • Yugoslav resistance forces, disunity of, 963, 1015, 1024, 1028–1029
• Cicognani, Archbishop Amleto Giovanni, 910n , 910–911, 914, 918–931 passim, 938–949 passim, 958–959
• Combined Chiefs of Staff, 408, 426, 434, 435, 578, 684
• Communism (see also Yugoslavia: Disunity, etc.: Partisans), 143, 187, 191, 352, 912, 945–946, 950
• Cournarie, Pierre, 168, 168n , 169
• Couve de Murville, Maurice, 140, 157, 174, 178
• Croce, Benedetto, 414, 415, 416, 426, 428
• Cumming, Hugh S., Jr., 7–8, 15, 16–17, 309–310, 310n , 465, 768, 772, 776–778
• Cunningham, Adm. Sir Andrew, 25, 127, 139, 147, 205
• Darlan, Adm. Jean François, 24n , 25, 28, 32–39 passim, 54, 57, 86, 93, 189
• de Gaulle, Gen. Charles. See under France
• De Iongh, D. Crena, 448–463 passim
• Denmark, 6–21
  • Recognition of Danish Minister as representative of German-occupied Denmark, U.S. continuation of, 6–21
    • Discussions of Danish situation by U.S., British, and Danish officials, 6–8
    • German assumption of full powers of government in Denmark, reactions to:
      • Affirmation of U.S. position, 9–10
      • British message of encouragement to Danish officials in London, 14
      • Roosevelt–Churchill statement: Proposal by Danish Minister, 10–13; U.S. and British consideration, 14–21
  • Sweden, trade with, 769, 774, 787
• Diamantopoulos, Cimon P., 348n , 348–349, 350
• Diethelm, André, 140, 151, 157
• Djonovich, Yovan, 978–984
• Djukanović, Gen. Bias, 963, 1001
• Donovan, William J., 1042, 1043, 1046
• Doussinague, José María, 723n , 731, 736, 737, 738
• Dunn, James C., 78, 187, 192n , 192, 421
• Dusenbury, Col. Ralph W., 670n , 673n , 674, 683, 697n
• Eden, Anthony:
  • Allied bombing of Rome, statements of British policy relating to, 916, 920, 924–925, 929
  • Azores, role in negotiations for British use of facilities in, 533–534, 539–540, 543
  • Danish Council, message to, 14
  • French situation, 27, 32–35, 41, 47, 63–65, 77–81, 82–83, 90, 107–108, 116, 129, 139
  • Italian Fascist regime, overthrow of, 315–316, 318–321, 325, 335, 341–343, 350, 353
  • Soviet-British consultation on Italian surrender terms, 341–344, 345, 346, 450, 453
  • Visit to Washington, Mar. 12–30, 54–55, 59, 65, 73, 77–81, 81, 82–83, 325, 328, 986
• Eisenhower, Gen. Dwight D.:
  • Italy: Authorization to accept surrender and to sign Armistice on behalf of Allies, 344, 355, 357, 358, 360, 360n , 361; Badoglio government, question of Allied relations with, and support for recognition as co-belligerent, 367–371, 378–379, 384; comprehensive instrument of surrender, Sept. 29, views regarding text and publication, 376, 381, 391, 393, 396, 397, 398; radio broadcast to Italian people, 336n ; signature of Armistice Agreements of Sept. 3 and 29, 377n , 397
  • North Africa: Arrest of Boisson, Peyrouton, and Flandin, message to President Roosevelt regarding, 194; role as Allied Commander-in-Chief, and participation in U.S.-British attempts to unify French resistance forces, 23n , 23–24, 29–30, 34, 39, 40n , 44, 48, 49, 58, 61, 64, 89, 90, 92, 100, 122, 126, 147, 149, 153, 154, 155–156, 158, 163–164, 165, 167, 171, 173, 194, 199, 201
• Faroes Islands, 8, 16, 21
• Federal Reserve Act of 1913, cited, 457, 464
• Feis, Herbert, 448, 458, 462, 463–465, 465
• Finland, 22; Swedish trade with, 767, 768, 770, 774–775, 777, 787
• Flandin, Pierre Etienne, 193–199 passim
• Foot, Dingle, participation in negotiations relative to—
  • Anglo-American-Swedish War Trade Agreement of Sept. 23, 765, 766, 767–768, 769, 790, 791–792
  • Anglo-American-Swiss War Trade Agreement of Dec. 19, 839–840, 848, 856, 859, 863–881 passim, 888–891
  • Supplies for Swiss Army, 892–899 passim
• Foreign Economic Administration (see also Board of Economic Warfare; Office of Economic Warfare; Sweden: War Trade Agreement), 491, 495, 655, 815–823 passim, 883n , 886, 907n
• Fotitch, Constantin, 965, 966, 970–971, 977, 978, 1003–1010 passim, 1014–1015, 1020n , 1020–1021, 1021–1022, 1041–1048 passim
• France, 23–301
  • Agreement between United States and French Committee of National Liberation regarding reciprocal aid in French North and West Africa, citation to, 301
  • de Gaulle, Gen. Charles, and French National Committee (see also Disunity between de Gaulle and Giraud, French Committee of National Liberation, and French Guiana, infra):
    • Anti-U.S. statements and propaganda, 27, 28, 29–30, 36, 43, 47, 59–60, 63–65, 78, 90–91, 108, 109–110, 121, 144, 277; objections of President Roosevelt and other U.S. officials, 47, 59–60, 63–65, 111–112, 155–157
    • Communism and Communists, views regarding, 143, 187, 191,
    • Criticism of other French leaders, 43, 50, 67, 70, 76, 165
    • Dictatorial tendencies and drive for personal power, fears and rumors regarding, 26, 36, 41, 75, 76–77, 79, 92, 95, 96, 102, 108–110, 113–114, 120, 121–122, 123–124, 129–130, 131–132, 133, 139, 140–141, 143, 144, 148, 169–171, 173, 175, 191
    • Recruiting of French sailors in U.S. and British ports, 202–219
    • Resistance groups in France, claim to leadership of, 121, 122, 143–144, 158
    • Roosevelt views concerning de Gaulle, 24, 47, 111–112, 155–157, 160–161
    • Views regarding U.S. policy and situation in France after liberation, 188–192
  • Disunity between de Gaulle and Giraud, and U.S. concern (see also French Committee of National Liberation, infra):
    • Anfa Plan, Roosevelt–Churchill–Giraud memorandum of agreement: Giraud proposals, 44–46; negotiations and approval, 48–52, 53, 55, 83–84, 117, 124, 138
    • British-U.S. divergence of positions, and discussions of policies regarding French leaders, 23–30, 32–35, 41–42, 47, 48–49, 59–60, 63–65, 110–114, 116–117, 122, 129, 155–157, 159–161; discussions during Eden visit to Washington, 54–55, 65, 73, 77–81, 81, 82–83
    • Casablanca conversations. See Anfa Plan, supra.
    • Giraud’s military mission to United States, discussions with U.S. officials, 36–39
    • Military security of Allied forces in North Africa, U. S. policy asserting pre-eminent importance of, 23n , 23, 80–81, 94, 112, 153, 153–157, 160–161, 164, 175, 177, 183–184; British concurrence, 31, 159–160, 182
    • Necessity for political settlement between de Gaulle and Giraud, 23n , 23–24, 30–32, 36, 42, 45, 51, 54, 55–56, 57–58, 60–61, 66, 72, 79–80, 81–83, 100, 202–219, 263–264; fear of civil war in France, 26, 121, 191, 200
    • Roles to be assumed by de Gaulle and Giraud, discussion concerning:
      • de Gaulle’s position and question of political supremacy, 26, 36, 41, 75, 76–77, 79, 92, 95, 96, 102, 108–110, 113–114, 120, 121–122, 123–124, 129–130, 131–132, 133, 138, 139, 140–141, 143, 144, 148, 169–171, 173, 175, 191
      • Giraud’s position as military commander, and question of dual military-civil role, 75, 94–95, 101, 108, 114, 122–123, 133, 135, 138, 139, 140, 142–143, 144, 148, 149, 150, 153, 179
  • Free French recruiting of French sailors in U.S. and British ports, 202–219
  • French Army in North Africa:
    • French Committee of National Liberation, plans for Army, 163–165, 179–181, 183
    • Liberation of Europe, question of participation in, 86, 97, 98
    • Military supplies and equipment from United States, 36–37, 38, 45, 49–50, 51, 55–56, 60, 61–63, 65, 66, 69, 138, 153, 162, 170, 176, 183
    • Reorganization and modernization, 57, 135–136, 140, 147, 148, 149, 150–151, 153–155, 158
    • Vichy influence, elimination of. See Reorganization, supra.
  • French Committee of National Liberation, formation and early activities of (see also French West Indies, Italy, and Jewish community in Tunisia, infra):
    • Agreement with United States regarding reciprocal aid in French North and West Africa, 301
    • Appointments, 132–133, 139–140, 168–169
    • Arrest of Boisson, Peyrouton, and Flandin, 193–201
    • Communiqué announcing establishment of Committee, 134–135, 141–142
    • de Gaulle–Giraud meeting looking toward formation of Committee:
      • Arrangements for de Gaulle’s trip to North Africa, delays and disagreement regarding site of meeting, 58, 64, 74–76, 89–92, 100, 102, 104, 107–108, 108–109, 109, 110, 114, 118–119, 121, 124, 125
      • Basis of agreement for French unity, Giraud memorandum of Apr. 1: Development of and negotiations regarding, 42, 54, 61, 66–67, 68, 74–75, 75n , 81–82, 84–87, 92, 92–96, 99–102; U.S. and British positions, 95, 97–98, 101, 109–110
      • Catroux’s role as negotiator (see also Basis of agreement, supra), 103, 108, 114, 122–123
      • Churchill–Eden presence in Algiers, 127, 129, 139
      • Conversations of Murphy and Macmillan with Churchill and Eden, 127, 129; with de Gaulle, 129–130, 142–144; with Giraud, 131–132
      • Letter from Giraud to de Gaulle and memorandum for proposed settlement of situation, 102–107; de Gaulle’s reaction, and further discussions, 114, 119–121, 122–124, 124–125
      • Statement by U.S. and British Governments, proposed, 126, 128
    • Economic warfare controls of Allies, failure to cooperate with, 177–178, 178n
    • Financial arrangements: British subsidy, 127, 139, 159, 161–162, 173–174; question of use of French funds frozen by United States, 186, 188
    • International commitments, question of, 137
    • Meetings of Committee, 132–133, 135, 138–139, 139–140, 147, 149
    • Membership, 127, 129, 130, 132, 132–133, 137; U.S. and British reactions to enlargement of Committee, 152–153, 157–162
    • Plans for French Army in North Africa, 163–165, 179–181, 183
    • Recognition by United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union, 126, 128, 133, 149, 162, 166–167, 171–177, 178–179, 181–188, 940
    • Resignations accepted from Boisson, events leading to, 98–99, 99n , 133, 136–137, 140, 144–146, 165–166; Peyrouton, 131–132
    • United Nations, question of relationship to, 128–129, 133
    • Vichy influences, problem of elimination of (see also Arrest, supra), 32, 105–106, 136–137
    • Withdrawal, or threats of, by de Gaulle, 146–149, 150–152, 152–153; Giraud, 133, 144, 150, 153
  • French Guiana, U.S. interest in adhesion to United Nations cause, 249–279
    • Anti-Vichy revolt:
      • Disturbances and demonstrations. See Events, etc., infra.
      • Events leading to establishment of pro-Allied regime, 249–250, 251, 252, 264–269; evacuation of Governor and entourage, 252, 254, 258, 262, 267, 269
      • Food shortages, 234–235, 250, 251, 254, 261, 266, 269
    • Brazil, interest in, 254, 255, 267, 267–268
    • Interim administration by committee, 252, 255, 261, 267, 270–271
    • New regime, confusion over adherence to de Gaulle or Giraud faction:
      • de Gaulle’s appointment of Bertaud as Governor, and circumstances leading to prevention of Bertaud’s arrival in Cayenne, 256, 257–261, 270–271, 274–278
      • Giraud’s appointment of Rapenne as Governor and his assumption of duties, 255–256, 256–257, 261, 264, 269, 271–274
      • Information concerning confusion, and U.S. efforts for settlement, 253, 261, 262–264
      • Popular elections, question of advisability of, 278–279
    • U.S. military use of airfield, permission for, 252, 268, 269, 279
  • French National Committee. See de Gaulle and French Committee of National Liberation, supra.
  • French North Africa. See Disunity between de Gaulle and Giraud, and French Committee of National Liberation, supra.
  • French West Africa:
    • Boisson, Governor General, U.S. concern regarding rumored removal of, 98–99, 99n , 136–137, 140, 144–146, 162–163; resignation and arrest, 165–166, 168, 193–201
    • Civil affairs jurisdiction, question of tie-in with North Africa, 40, 42
    • Cournarie, appointment as Governor General, 165–166, 168–169
    • Glassford Mission, 40, 42, 52–53, 70–71, 99, 117–118, 135, 192–193, 201
    • U.S.-British economic cooperation, 40, 52–53, 71
  • French West Indies, U.S. interest and aid in transfer of control to French Committee of National Liberation, 219–248
    • Economic blockade, U.S. See Shipping, etc., infra.
    • Gentlemen’s Agreement of Nov. 7, 1942, difference of opinion between Adm. Robert and U.S. Government regarding, 224, 225–227, 229–230, 232, 236
    • Negotiations between United States and Adm. Robert relative to collaboration with Allies (see also Gentlemen’s Agreement, supra), 219–220, 221–224, 225, 236–237; public statement by Adm. Robert, 230–232
    • Radio broadcasts to Martinique, 232
    • Shipping, communications, and related problems, 221, 227–228, 233–235, 236, 237, 240, 241, 242, 245; S. S. Guadeloupe, transfer to Allied cause, 228–229, 235, 250, 269
    • U.S. severance of informal direct relations with French West Indies, 237–241
    • Withdrawal of Adm. Robert, and U.S. entry into relations with Delegate Extraordinary of French Committee of National Liberation as de facto authority, 241–248
  • Giraud, Gen. Henri (see also Disunity between de Gaulle and Giraud, French Committee of National Liberation, and French Guiana, supra):
    • Military concerns, primary interest in, 37, 38, 39, 46, 164
    • Position and views, 67–70, 71–74
    • U.S. support for Giraud regime, 52, 58–59, 73, 74, 83, 83–84, 114, 116–117, 136, 169–171; Roosevelt’s invitation to Giraud to visit Washington, 125, 135, 138, 169n , 176
    • Vichy influences in North African Administration, elimination of, 68, 69, 75, 88–89, 105
  • Guadeloupe, S.S., transfer to Allied cause by strike of officers and crew, 228–229, 235, 250, 269
  • Italy: French interest in surrender negotiations, 121, 184, 361–363, 365–366; representation on Allied Control Commission and on Advisory Council for Italy, 421–422, 425–426, 430–431, 440–441, 442, 443, 443–444, 444
  • Japan, French National Committee declaration of war against, 128–129
  • Jewish community in Tunisia, U.S. negotiations with French authorities to alleviate injustices arising from Nazi levies and fines against, 280–301
    • Background of problem, 280–283
    • British-U.S. consultation, 287–294, 296, 298–299, 300
    • Inter-Allied Declaration on forced transfers of property, question of relevance of, 283, 283–284, 284–285, 287–294 passim, 295, 298
    • Solution adopted by French Committee of National Liberation, 301
    • U.S. position and discussions with French, 283–286, 294–298, 299–300; Commissariat of Finance, consideration of suggestions made by, 286–287, 295
  • Provisional government and self-determination for French people following liberation of France, question of, 23, 40, 50, 72, 75–76, 76–77, 79, 80, 82, 87, 94, 95–96, 100–105 passim, 125, 134, 138, 177, 190–191
  • Recruiting of French sailors in U.S. and British ports by Free French, U.S. attempts to stop, 202–219
  • Release or transfer of funds for French representatives in other countries, U.S. position, 87–89
  • Sovereignty of France and integrity of Empire, concern of French leaders regarding, 31–32, 37, 39, 97–98, 166
  • Tunisia. See Jewish community in Tunisia, etc., supra.
  • Unification of French groups opposing Axis. See Disunity between de Gaulle and Giraud, French Committee of National Liberation, French Guiana, and French West Africa, supra.
• Franco, Gen. Francisco, 597, 604–618 passim, 619n , 620, 620–621, 622–623, 625, 674, 720, 721, 722, 723, 730, 732
• French Guiana. See under France.
• French North Africa. See France: Disunity between de Gaulle and Giraud and French Committee of National Liberation.
• French West Africa. See under France.
• French West Indies. See under France.
• Freuchet, Capt. François, 249, 250, 252, 267
• Gavrilović, Milan, 964, 965, 968
• Geneva Prisoners of War Convention, 1929, cited, 955, 957, 958–959
• Georges, Gen. Alphonse, 127–134 passim, 140, 144, 149, 150, 158, 160, 161
• Germany (see also Denmark, and under Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia):
  • Japanese puppet government in Philippine Islands: German greetings to, 722, 727; German propaganda broadcasts regarding Spanish telegram to, 726, 727, 729, 730
  • Portugal: Concern regarding German reaction to Allied use of Azores, 557, 558–559, 560, 561, 574, 575, 576, 646; German-Portuguese Wolfram Agreement, 517–518, 519–521, 522, 523, 524, 524–525, 534, 640, 655–656
  • Rome, German occupation of, 948–952 passim
• Giraud, Gen. Henri Honoré. See under France.
• Glasser, Harold, 178n , 284–285, 286–287
• Glassford, Rear Adm. William A., 40, 52, 70–71, 99, 117–118, 135, 162–163, 168, 192–193, 200–201
• Greece, 302, 348–349, 350–351, 363, 366, 390–391, 397–398, 435–436, 442–443, 444, 445, 985, 992, 1019, 1032, 1042; Allied warning to Axis not to bomb Athens, 937, 942
• Greenland, utilization by U.S. armed forces, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21
• Grol, Milan, 965, 968, 1018–1020, 1020n
• Günther, Christian E., 741n , 742, 744–745, 749, 760, 775, 794, 795, 800
• Hägglöf, Gunnar R., 751, 752, 762–784 passim, 820
• Hague Convention of 1907, 289, 712, 713–714, 714, 716, 717, 717–718, 720, 721
• Halifax, Viscount, 27n , 27, 28, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 117, 208, 314n , 398, 539, 913
• Hansson, Per Albin, 741n , 742, 760
• Hayes, Carlton J. H., letter to President Roosevelt, 620–622
• Hoare, Sir Samuel, 598n , 618–619, 621, 644n , 645, 650, 666–667, 668n , 674, 675, 684, 701, 703, 722, 733
• Hohenthal, Col. William D., 596, 597, 603, 630, 670, 673, 674, 697n
• Hoover, Adm. John H., 225, 245–246
• Hopkinson, Henry L., 569n , 569, 571
• Hoppenot, Henri, 141–142, 157, 243–244, 244, 245, 246–247, 248n , 248
• Hotz, Jean, 827–828, 829, 894–895, 900
• Hull, Cordell, communication of views and recommendations to President Roosevelt, 14–15, 113–114, 183–184, 201, 244, 540–541
• Hungary, 727, 1002
• Iceland, 303–313
  • British troops stationed on Iceland, Icelandic request for assurances regarding the withdrawal of, 307–309; U.S.-British consultation and response, 309–313
  • Petroleum products, reduction in prices charged by U.S. Navy at request of Icelandic Government, 303–307
  • Trade agreement with United States signed Aug. 27, citation to text, 313
  • U.S. assumption of responsibility for protection of Iceland, 11, 307–313 passim
• Inter-Allied declaration on forced transfers of property (Jan. 5), question of applicability to situation of Tunisian Jews, 283, 283–284, 284–285, 287–294 passim, 295, 298
• International Red Cross Committee, 848, 890, 953–961 passim
• Iron ore. See under Sweden.
• Italy (see also under Spain and Yugoslavia), 314–445
  • Abdication of King Victor Emmanuel, question of, 414–418, 419–421, 422–423, 424, 426–427, 428, 438–440
  • Advisory Council for Italy. See under Responsible government, etc., infra.
  • Albania, U.S. non-recognition of Italian annexation of, 1
  • Allied Control Commission. See under Responsible government, etc., infra.
  • Allied landings in Italy. See under Vatican: Bombing of Rome.
  • Armistice. See under Overthrow of Fascist regime, infra.
  • Badoglio government. See under Overthrow of Fascist regime, infra; see also Responsible government: Constitutional crisis.
  • Bombing of Rome. See under Vatican.
  • Communists in Italy, 352, 945–946, 950
  • Mussolini. See under Overthrow of Fascist regime, infra.
  • Overthrow of Fascist regime, Italian surrender to Allies: and recognition as co-belligerent in war against Germany, 314–402
    • Armistice between Allies and Italy (agreements of Sept. 3 and 29):
      • Authorization for Gen. Eisenhower to sign Sept. 3 agreement for Allied Governments, 355–361, 397
      • Comprehensive instrument of surrender, signed Sept. 29: British-U.S.-Soviet discussion leading to signing of, 364–365, 367, 373, 375–376, 377n , 377–378; changes recommended, 381, 382, 383, 385; communication of text to Allied Governments, and question of publication, 389–392, 395–398; Greek and Belgian protests at not having been consulted, 390–391, 397–398, [Page 1058] 398–402; signature by Badoglio, and position of Italian Government, 364, 367, 373, 376, 393–395; text, citation to, 385n
      • French Committee of National Liberation, interest in Italian surrender, 121, 184, 361–363, 365–366
      • Greek interest in surrender, 348–349, 350–351, 390–391, 397–398
      • Italian position (Badoglio government), and acceptance of Armistice agreements, 351–353, 355, 360–361, 364, 367, 373, 376, 393–395
      • Lightening of terms to expedite war effort against Germany, 373–374, 377, 385–386, 388–389, 393–395
      • Prisoners, British and Allied, demand for liberation and protection from German seizure, 333, 336, 338; Belgian misinterpretation, 399–400, 401–402
      • Signing of Armistice Agreements, Sept. 3 and 29, 360, 361, 377n
      • Soviet Union, U.S. and British consultation with, 335, 339, 340, 341–345, 346–348, 350, 353–357, 360–361, 371, 372, 375–376, 377–378, 380, 381–383, 384–386, 388–389, 396
      • Terms, consideration of (see also Soviet Union, etc., supra), 332–333, 336, 337–338
      • Texts of Armistice Agreements signed Sept. 3 and 29, citations to, 357n , 377n , 385n
      • Yugoslav agreement regarding signing of Armistice, 357–360; territorial claims against Italy, 1018–1020
    • Badoglio government:
      • Appointment of Badoglio as Prime Minister, 320–321, 332n , 335n ; Churchill’s views, 339, 939
      • Co-belligerent, Allied acceptance as, 367–376, 378–379, 380–381; enumeration of Italian military contributions, 394
      • Declaration of war against Germany, 371, 373, 374, 379, 381, 382, 383–384, 386–387; Roosevelt–Churchill–Stalin statement, 378–379, 380–381, 382, 384, 387–388
      • German menace, and danger of public disorder, concern regarding, 340, 345–346, 348, 351–353, 360–361
      • Surrender to Allies and acceptance of Armistice agreements, 351–353, 355, 360–361, 364, 367, 373, 376, 393–395
    • Fascist government in Northern Italy, concern regarding, 365, 368, 375, 404, 405, 423
    • King Victor Emmanuel: Abdication, question of, 414–418, 419–421, 422–423, 424, 426–427, 428, 438–440; appeal to Italian people by radio, question of, 372, 376; letters to King George VI and President Roosevelt, and Roosevelt’s reply, 374–375, 379–380
    • Military administration of occupied Italy (see also Military-Political Commission, infra), 326–329
    • Military-Political Commission, 353–354, 377–378, 382–383, 384, 413
    • Mussolini, Benito:
      • Contemplated revolt against Mussolini, 315–316, 318–320
      • Punishment, question of, 332, 334–335, 339
      • Resignation, 332n , 335n ; reactions of Roosevelt and Churchill, 332–339
    • “Peace-feelers”, evaluation of, 315–317, 318–322, 348–349
    • Propaganda for undermining of Fascist regime, U.S.-British exchange of views and development of policy, 314–315, 318, 320, 322–326
    • Roosevelt–Churchill statements to Italian people, 329–331, 363–364; joint statement with Stalin, 380–381, 382, 383–384, 387–388
    • Self-determination for Italian people, 339, 374, 378, 379, 381, 387, 388
  • Philippine puppet government, report of congratulations by Italian community, 722
  • Responsible government in Italy following fall of Mussolini, U.S. concern regarding maintenance of, 402–445
    • Advisory Council for Italy:
      • Italian Government, relationship to, 434–435, 437–438, 441
      • Organization, 431–432, 434–435
      • Recommendations, 440–441, 442–443
      • Representation on Council of French Committee of National Liberation, 421–422, 425–426, 430–431; Greek and Yugoslav Governments, 435–436, 442–443, 444, 445; Soviet Union, 433–434, 437, 441; United States, 413, 418
    • Allied Control Commission: Establishment, 409n , 416, 422; French and Soviet participation, question of, 408–409, 433–434, 437, 440–442, 443, 443–444, 444; jurisdiction and functions, 434–435, 441, 443; relationship to Italian Government, 426, 427, 434–435, 441; U.S. representation, 412n , 413
    • Constitutional crisis in Italy:
      • Abdication of King and resignation of Badoglio, question of, 414–418, 419–421, 422–423, 424, 426–427, 428, 438–440; decision for Badoglio government to continue, 409–410, 413–414, 420, 426–428
      • Sforza: Pledges of support to Badoglio during combat with Germans, 406–407, 411–412, 430; position as leader of liberal factions, and rejection of offer of Prime Ministership, 402–404, 414–417 passim, 420–421, 424, 428–430, 432, 438–440
      • U.S. policy in connection with, 423–425, 426–427, 429, 432
    • Diplomatic missions, loyalty of, 404–406, 411, 622
    • Fascist puppet government, concern regarding threat to Badoglio government, 365, 368, 375, 404, 405, 423
    • Financial concerns: British and U.S. support of Italian diplomatic missions, 404–406, 411; exchange rate, 375, 378, 380
    • Military mission established by direction of Allied Commander-in-Chief, 407–408
  • U.S. policy with respect to political crisis in Italy, 423–425, 426–427, 429, 432
  • Vatican interest in bringing peace to Italy, 340–341, 345–346, 348–349
  • Victor Emmanuel, King of Italy. See Overthrow of Facist regime: King Victor Emmanuel, supra.
• Japan:
  • French National Committee, declaration of war against Japan, 128–129
  • Philippine puppet government established by Japanese. See under Spain.
  • Portugal, relations with, 525–527
  • Ships in Chinese waters, actions regarding, 471–472
  • Spain, relations with. See Spain: Philippine puppet government, etc.
• Jews. See France: Jewish community in Tunisia.
• Joint Chiefs of Staff, 391–392, 679, 683, 686, 691, 699, 700, 704, 902–903, 960–961, 1024
• Jones, Jesse H., 458, 466–468, 469
• Jordana, Gen. Francisco Gómez, 595–596, 598, 601, 607–608, 611, 613, 617–630 passim, 649–651, 658, 660, 673, 682–683, 686–687, 691, 696, 700n , 701–702, 704, 708, 710, 714–738 passim
• Jovanovich, Slobadan, 965–978 passim, 999–1000, 1003, 1012, 1014
• Joyce, Gen. Kenyon, 408, 427, 428–429
• Kauffmann, Henrik de, 6–21 passim
• Keller, Paul V., 827, 828, 829, 846, 850, 854, 887, 892, 894n , 907, 908
• Kerr, Sir Archibald Clark, 167n , 167, 347n , 347–348, 353, 354, 356, 357, 976, 978, 984
• Kittredge, Comdr. Tracy B., 43, 214, 215, 257, 259
• Krek, Miha, 972–973, 1011
• Krnjević, Juraj, 974, 1012
• Lateran Treaty of 1929, cited, 934, 953
• Latin American reaction to bombing of Rome, U.S. concern regarding, 911, 921–922, 936, 948
• Laurel, José P., 722, 723, 725, 726, 727, 728, 734
• Laval, Pierre, 97, 227
• Lan, Richard, 18–19, 19, 20, 1022, 1027–1028
• Leahy, Adm. William D., 168, 169n , 195–196, 241, 391, 538, 547n , 902–903, 960
• Leclerc, Gen. Jean, 58, 110, 112, 122
• Lemaigre-Dubreuil, Jacques, 36–39
• Lend Lease Administration, 450, 459–460, 463, 464
• Long, Breckinridge, 481, 488–489, 725, 726, 960–961
• Loudon, A., 446, 448–449, 460, 462n , 466
• MacFarlane, Gen. Mason, 407, 415, 417, 418, 420, 426
• Maclean, Brig. Fitzroy Hen, 1030n , 1039–1040, 1041
• Macmillan, Harold:
  • Italy, activities as British representative to the Badoglio government, 410, 413, 419, 435, 437, 442, 443, 445
  • North Africa, activities relative to coordination of U.S.-British policies, 23n , 42, 66, 67, 73, 84–85, 91–92, 97, 108, 109, 120, 121, 122, 123, 127, 129, 130, 131–132, 144, 147, 149, 153, 159–160, 164, 165, 166, 174–175, 187, 198, 200, 361–362, 363
• Madagascar, 25, 31, 33, 41–42
• Maglione, Luigi Cardinal, 910–931 passim, 937–951 passim, 958–959
• Mallet, V. A. L., 741, 742, 745, 747, 748, 759, 760, 772, 822
• Marshall, Gen. George C., 23, 45, 51, 60, 61, 157, 1046
• Martinique, 81, 86, 93, 97, 172, 176, 232
• Massigli, René, 54, 57, 64, 77, 79, 94, 98, 107–108, 126, 127, 129, 132, 134, 140, 142, 143, 149–166 passim, 180–181, 186–187, 198, 211–212, 361–362, 363, 365, 421, 430–431, 433, 437, 442, 443, 444
• Matthews, H. Freeman, 186, 195–196, 398
• Mihailovich, Gen. Draža. See under Yugoslavia: Disunity among Yugoslav resistance forces.
• Molotov, V. M., 167, 347, 354, 356, 357, 377–378, 380, 385, 425–426, 434
• Monnet, Jean, activities relating to North African political situation, 65, 66, 69, 73, 74, 96, 98, 108, 111, 127, 129, 134–141 passim, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 157, 161, 164, 165–166, 170
• Montini, Giovanni Battista, 928–929, 931, 935, 938, 954
• Morgenstierne, Wilhelm Munthe de, 481n , 481–489 passim, 494
• Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 294–296, 297–298, 447, 468–470
• Mulligan, H. A., 455, 456, 456–457, 457, 458
• Murphy, Robert D.:
  • Italy, participation in Allied occupation as—
    • U.S. member on Allied Advisory Council, 413, 418, 431–441 passim, 442n , 444
    • U.S. representative to Badoglio government, 407–421 passim, 427–429, 430–432
  • North Africa:
    • French reaction to Italian military armistice of Sept. 3, assessment of, 361–363, 365–366
    • Role as Personal Representative of President Roosevelt, 23n , 36–195 passim, 212–213
• Nedić, Gen. Milan, 1005, 1008
• Netherlands, 446–480
  • Agreement with United States (supplementary) regarding principles applying to the provision of aid to the armed forces of the United States, by exchange of notes, June 14, citation to text, 480
  • Financial needs of the Netherlands Government, U.S.-Netherlands discussions regarding, 446–470
    • Netherlands presentation of needs and request for a loan, with supporting facts, 446–448, 449–455
    • U.S. responses: Discussions with Netherlands officials, 448–449, 458–461, 466; intra-Governmental considerations, and recommendation to President against loan, 455–458, 462–466, 466–470
  • Miscellaneous references, 261, 389–390, 400n , 401n , 1042
  • Requisitioning of S.S. Wilhelmina by U.S. War Shipping Administration: Netherlands representations, and request for return of vessel, 470–476; U.S. replies and suggestions, 476–479
• Netherlands Indies, 453, 454, 459, 471, 472–473, 475
• New Caledonia, 80
• Newfoundland, 234–235
• Ninčić, Momčilo, 962, 963, 964, 968, 972
• North Africa (see also France: Disunity, etc., and French Committee of National Liberation):
  • Allied occupation, miscellaneous references to, 596, 612, 646, 680, 695, 697
  • North African Economic Board. See France: Jewish community, etc.
  • Vatican Information Service regarding Prisoners of War, extension to North Africa of, 953–961
• Norton, Clifford John, 829n , 833, 836, 842, 845, 856
• Norway (see also Sweden: Norwegian merchant ships and Transit traffic), 481–495
  • Lend Lease Agreement of July 11, 1942, with United States, cited, 483–484
  • Norsk Hydro chemical plant bombed by U.S. Air Force, U.S. consideration of Norwegian representations for obtaining Swedish materials for restoration of, 489–495
  • Ships lost by Norway in United Nations war effort, discussions regarding U.S. replacement of, 481–489, 1042
• Office of Economic Warfare (see also Board of Economic Warfare; Foreign Economic Administration), 493, 594, 635, 639, 641, 642, 815–823 passim, 859n , 876, 881–882, 883n
• Office of Strategic Services, 492, 1042, 1046, 1047
• Office of War Information, 8, 425, 1014, 1021, 1024
• Osborne, Francis D. G., 910n , 913, 914, 915, 916, 920, 925–926, 927, 929, 935, 938
• Palewski, Gaston, 123, 126, 144, 204, 206
• Pan American Airways. See Portugal: Azores, etc.
• Pan de Soraluce, José, 598n , 671–672, 718–719, 736, 737–738
• Parfaite, Dr. Romaine, 249–250, 252, 265, 266–267, 267, 273
• Peake, Charles, 43, 95, 218
• Pétain, Henri Philippe, 32, 35, 96, 97, 136, 189
• Peter II, King of Yugoslavia, 963, 965, 967, 970, 971, 1003, 1013, 1016–1017, 1021–1041 passim, 1045, 1048
• Petroleum. See under Iceland, Portugal, and Spain.
• Peyrouton, Marcel, 131, 132, 139, 193–199 passim
• Philip, André, 41, 77, 123, 126, 127, 129, 134, 140, 141, 143, 149, 157, 158
• Philippines. See Spain: Philippine puppet government, etc.
• Pilet-Golaz, Marcel, 842–843, 845
• Pius XII. See Pope Pius XII.
• Pleven, René, 140, 151, 157, 166, 168, 200–201
• Poland, 496, 614, 973, 992
• Pope Pius XII, 911–913, 914, 916–917, 925, 926, 927–928, 931, 931–933, 935–936, 937, 938, 943, 950, 951, 954, 958
• Portugal, 497–594
  • Anglo-American-Portuguese Supply-Purchase Agreement, Nov. 24, 1942, 497–525, passim
  • Angola, U.S. efforts to enforce retrictions on sale of petroleum products to Germans and Italians in, 585–594
  • Azores, U.S. and British interest in obtaining water-port and airport facilities in, 527–581
    • Brazilian interest, question of, 535, 548–549, 572
    • British-Portuguese Agreement of Aug. 17 (see also Sovereignty, etc., infra): Negotiation and signing, 533–535, 543, 553, 554; operation of, 569, 573, 574; U.S. cooperation in implementation of, 543–547; U.S. insistence on use of facilities, 541–542, 547–548, 550–551
    • Defensive force for Portugal, Roosevelt–Churchill exchange of views, 535–537
    • German reaction, Portuguese concern regarding, 557, 558–559, 560, 561, 574, 575, 576, 646
    • Mediterranean Air Command, request for facilities in Azores, 527–532, 538; British support, suggestions regarding, 528, 530, 532, 538–539, 540
    • Sovereignty of Portugal over colonies, British assurances regarding and U.S. undertaking to respect, 534–535, 539–540, 540–541, 542–543, 547, 550, 551–552, 553–554, 561–562, 562n
    • Spanish reaction, and Portuguese concern regarding, 571, 572–573, 646, 718–719
    • U.S.-Portuguese negotiations, based on British-Portuguese agreement:
      • British support, question of obtaining, 553, 554, 555, 558, 559, 565, 566–567, 569, 571
      • Requests for facilities, and Portuguese position, 554–556, 561–571, 573–577; views of U.S. Chargé Kennan, 550–557, 558–561
      • Results of negotiations, and matters agreed upon, 577–579, 579–581
      • Roosevelt–Salazar exchange of messages, 564–565, 568, 571–572
      • Santa Maria airfield, construction of, 575–576, 578, 579, 580–581
  • Entry into war, question of advisability of, 525–527, 551, 568, 570, 575, 576, 580, 621
  • German-Portuguese agreements for sale of wolfram and sardines, 517–518, 519–521, 522, 523, 524, 524–525, 534, 640, 655–656
  • Petroleum products, U.S. efforts to enforce restrictions on sale to Germans and Italians in Angola, 585–594
  • Planes interned in Portugal, Portuguese policy regarding, and U.S. and British offers to sell, 581–585
  • Price raising on materials in Portuguese trade, difficulties regarding (see also Wolfram Agreement, infra), 497–525
    • Materials earmarked for price increases by U.S. and British Governments, 501–502, 504, 508
    • Portuguese note of protest, 497–500; U.S. and British replies, and conversations with Portuguese officials, 500, 503–505, 507–512
    • Settlement of price-raising issue, 522n
    • U.S. position and motivation for price increases, discussions of, 502–503, 512–517, 522–523
  • Rome, Portuguese appeal to British not to bomb, 914
  • Strategic materials (see also Price raising, supra), 689
  • Timor, 525–526, 568, 570, 575
  • Wolfram Agreement of Aug. 24, 1942, extension of, 500, 501, 505, 505–507, 509, 511–512, 513, 517–519, 521–524; German-Portuguese Wolfram Agreement, relation to, 517–518, 519–521, 522, 523, 524, 524–525, 534, 640, 655–656
• Prisoners of war. See under Vatican.
• Proclaimed List (see also Portugal: Petroleum products, etc.):
  • French North and West Africa, question of extension to, 177–178, 178n
  • Swiss firms, question of listing of, 864, 873–876, 880–881, 884–885, 886, 888, 891
• Prytz, Björn Gustaf, 755, 764–765, 772, 785, 789, 790, 790–792, 792, 800, 806
• Puritch, Bozhidar, 1023–1024, 1028–1036 passim, 1040
• Quebec Conference between Roosevelt and Churchill, Aug. 11–24, 182n , 184n
• Reams, R. Borden, 7, 9, 15–17, 18–19
• Recognition: French Committee of National Liberation, recognition by United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union, 126, 128, 133, 149, 162, 166–167, 171–177, 178–179, 181–188, 940; Philippine puppet government, Spain’s denial of intention to recognize, 722–738
• Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 455–458, 461, 464, 465, 466
• Red Cross, International Committee, 848, 890, 953–961 passim
• Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 433, 442–445
• Reventlow, Count, 11, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21
• Robert, Adm. Georges. See France: French West Indies.
• Roosevelt, Franklin D.:
  • Appointment of Rear Adm. Glassford as Personal Representative in French West Africa, 117–118, 135, 201
  • Attitude toward Gen. de Gaulle, 24, 47, 64–65, 110–112, 145–146, 146n , 155–157, 160–161, 196; Gen. Giraud, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 53, 58, 60, 69, 84, 112, 113n , 124, 125, 135, 138, 146n , 169n , 176
  • Correspondence with—
    • Apostolic Delegate at Washington (Cicognani), 924, 930
    • Churchill, 23–24, 146n , 155–157, 159–162, 171–172, 173–177, 181–183, 193–194, 195n , 196–197, 326–339 passim, 371–373, 375–376, 378–379, 380–384, 420, 534–537, 547–548, 550–551, 553, 554, 558, 565, 939–940
    • Churchill and Stalin, 353–354, 360–361, 375–376, 383
    • Eisenhower, 125, 145–146, 156–157, 169, 194–195, 197, 373–374, 376, 378–379
    • Pope Pius XII, 916–917, 919–920, 931–933
    • Salazar, 564–565, 571–572
    • Stalin and Churchill, 353–354, 360–361, 375–376, 383
    • Vargas, 548–549
    • Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy, 374–375, 379–380
    • U.S. Ambassador in Spain (Hayes), 620–622, 627
  • Italy: Agreement on text of instrument of surrender, 332, 337–339, 356; Allied bombing of Rome, opinion concerning, 914, 910–930 passim, 933n , 949; joint proclamation with Churchill to Italian people, July 16, 330–331, 336; military armistice of Sept. 3, reaction to, 363–364; open city status for Rome, views regarding, 939n , 941, 942; recognition as co-belligerent, support for, 373–374, 379, 387–388; Roosevelt–Churchill–Stalin statement of Oct. 13, 387–388
  • Portugal, interest in U.S. efforts to obtain airport and water-port facilities in the Azores, 553, 554–556, 557, 564–565
  • Views on—
    • Danish resistance to German rule, 10–11, 12, 13
    • Jews in Tunisia, alleviation of injustices resulting from Nazi fines and levies, 283
• Rumania, 766, 768, 798, 992
• Rybář, Ivan, 973, 974, 996, 1025, 1027
• Rybář, Vladimir, 985–986, 988–989
• Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira, 497–500, 500, 510–512, 514, 518–526 passim, 530n , 531, 533, 535, 537, 558–561, 563, 564–581 passim
• Santos Costa, Fernando dos, 563n , 563, 564
• Sargent, Sir Orme, 325, 426, 763, 772, 789–790, 984–985, 1007, 1009
• Selborne, Lord, 764, 805, 880
• Sforza, Count Carlo, 402, 403, 403–404, 406–407, 411–432 passim, 438–440, 964
• Söderblom, Staffan J., 741, 742, 743, 762, 763, 775, 793–794
• Solborg, Col, Robert A., 563, 564, 570
• Somervell, Gen. Brehon B., 45, 49, 51, 61
• Soviet Union:
  • Italy, Soviet interest in:
    • Consultation with United States and United Kingdom. See Italy: Overthrow of Fascist regime: Armistice: Soviet Union.
    • Representation on Advisory Council for Italy and Allied Control Commission, 433–434, 437, 440–441, 442, 443, 443–444, 444
  • Miscellaneous references, 20, 115, 909
  • Yugoslavia. See Yugoslavia: Disunity, etc.: Soviet Union.
• Spain, 595–738
  • Airlines, American and British, granting of landing rights to, 631, 650, 674, 675, 685, 686–687, 691, 700, 702, 703, 703–704, 710–711, 732, 735
  • Allied planes forced down in Spain: Purchase of planes, question of, 668; treatment of aviators, 671
  • Anti-Comintern Pact, adherence to, 613–614
  • Attacks on American aircraft, 627–629, 630
  • Aviation gasoline. See Petroleum products, infra.
  • Communism, attitude toward (see also Neutral status: Soviet Union, infra), 613–616, 620, 623–625, 626
  • Finland, Spanish sympathy for, 614
  • Germany: Influences in Spain (see also under Neutral status, infra), 718–719; purchases of wolfram, 633, 635–636, 638–641, 643, 684
  • Iberian Pact creating neutral Iberian bloc, Dec. 22, 1942, 595
  • Internment of Italian ships by Spain, U.S. and British representations against, 631, 632, 649, 650–651, 711–722, 732, 735
  • Italy (see also Internment of Italian ships, supra), Spanish attitude toward, 612, 622, 729, 730, 737
  • Japan. See Philippine puppet government, etc., infra.
  • Laurel incident. See Philippine puppet government, etc., infra.
  • Neutral status, U.S. concern over Spanish maintenance of, 595–632
    • Attacks on American aircraft, 627–629, 630
    • Axis agents in Spain, 619–620, 629–630
    • Blue Division. See Soviet Union, infra.
    • Falange, power and activities of, 603, 604, 605, 608, 613, 617, 619–620, 630, 682, 734
    • German influences in Spain. See Axis agents and Falange, supra, and Press and radio, infra.
    • Press and radio, U.S. protests and Spanish replies regarding pro-Axis attitude and censorship of U.S. news, 598–601, 601, 602, 609–610, 613, 617, 619, 620, 672
    • Refugees, question of returning to France, 601; evacuation to North Africa, 682, 682–683, 730
    • Soviet Union: Blue Division, U.S. efforts securing withdrawal of, 613–616, 618–619, 621, 625–626, 627, 718, 730; U.S. protests against Spanish attitude toward Soviet Union, 623–625, 626
    • Spanish determination to maintain neutrality, assertions of, and U.S. efforts to strengthen, 595, 597, 602–608, 611–617, 620–623, 631–632, 730
    • U.S. offer of assistance in event of German aggression, and later Franco inquiry regarding, 595–597, 611
  • Petroleum products, including aviation gasoline, control of imports to Spain, 668–711
    • Conditions imposed for release of aviation gasoline, 699–706, 707–708
    • Iberia Airline (see also Conditions, etc., supra), suspension of service, 670–671, 672, 674
    • Recommendations and actions favoring imports:
      • Joint General Staffs, 674–675
      • U.S. Embassy, 668–674, 678, 679–685, 688–689, 691, 695–699; concurrence of British Embassy, 670, 673, 674, 684, 691
    • Spanish officials’ personal appeals for aviation gasoline, 601, 671–672, 673, 687
    • Swiss-Spanish airline, Spanish acceptance of U.S. proposal, and question of gasoline supply, 700, 702, 708, 709–710
    • U.S. decisions as to limitations on shipments and inventories, 676–679, 685–686, 687, 689–691, 692–695, 699–701, 706–707; British attitude, 677–678, 701
    • Wolfram negotiations, petroleum in relation to, 645, 647, 652–653, 657, 660, 661
  • Philippine puppet government established by Japanese, U.S. concern over Spanish congratulatory telegram to José P. Laurel, head of government, 722–738
    • Concessions, U.S. efforts to utilize incident to obtain, 631–632, 650–651, 724, 731, 731–732, 732–733, 735, 735–736
    • Information concerning telegram, and efforts to determine authorship and other facts involved, 722, 723, 736–738
    • Propaganda use of incident by Axis, 723, 726, 727, 729, 730
    • Spanish Government’s explanation, and denial of intention to recognize Laurel Government, 722–723, 725–726, 727–730; statement for publication, U.S. request and Spanish compliance, 726–727, 732, 734–735
    • U.S. position, 723–725, 728, 731, 733–734, 738
  • Poland, sympathy for, 614
  • Portuguese concern regarding Spanish reaction to Allied use of Azores, 571, 572–573, 646, 718–719
  • Rome, Spanish Primate’s appeal to United States regarding bombing of, 933–934
  • Tangier, U.S. and British demands for removal of German agents from, 630, 631, 632, 649, 733, 736
  • War prisoners escaped to Spanish territory, release of, 702
  • Wolfram exports to Germany, U.S. and British efforts to prevent, 632–668
    • Embargo on all Spanish wolfram exports, U.S. efforts to secure:
      • British position, 645, 653, 654, 658–659, 662, 666–668
      • Concessions in exchange for, question of, 643–645, 647–648, 652–653, 657, 660, 661, 663, 667
      • Formulation of plan requesting embargo, 644, 644–645, 646–648, 651–654, 660–661, 662–664, 666
      • Proposal to Spanish Government, and ensuing discussions, 648–651, 656–658, 660, 664–666
    • Portuguese wolfram, relation to, 640, 655–656
    • Preemptive purchase program:
      • Authorization for U.S. purchases of ores and mines, 633, 635–637
      • British-U.S. cooperation, 632–633, 637–638
      • Financial problems involved, 632–635, 637–638, 641–644, 645, 654, 662
      • German purchase program, 633, 635–636, 638–641, 643, 684
• Spellman, Archbishop Francis J., 915, 916, 954, 956, 957, 977
• Stalin, I. V., 115, 143, 328n , 353–354, 375n , 376, 380, 383, 383n , 387–388
• Stampfli, Walter, 854–856, 859–861, 900
• Stark, Adm. Harold R., 43n , 57, 58, 107–108, 202–218 passim
• Stettinius, Edward R., Jr., 294–296, 297, 398, 556n , 948, 949–950
• Stevenson, Ralph Skrine, 1024–1041 passim
• Stoner, George B., 455, 456, 457, 457–458, 458
• Strang, William, 41, 42, 43, 54, 77–78, 276, 277
• Sulzer, Hans, 827, 829, 846, 850, 854, 900
• Sunde, Arne, 481, 486, 487–488
• Sweden, 739–823
  • Anglo-Swedish war trade agreement of 1939, cited, 765n , 788, 806, 807, 809, 812, 813, 816, 821
  • Charter by War Shipping Administration of Swedish ships in American waters, 754, 770, 789–790, 791, 793, 807
  • Germany, relations with (see also Iron ore exports, Norwegian ships, and Transit traffic, infra), significance of Swedish position vis-à-vis Germany, 739–740, 751–753
  • Göteborg traffic, problems relative to. See Norwegian ships, infra.
  • Iron ore exports to Germany, U.S. and British efforts to obtain reduction of, 744, 752, 768, 775, 777, 811, 815–823
  • Norwegian chemical plant damaged by bombing, question of aid in restoring, 489–495 passim
  • Norwegian merchant ships at Göteborg, negotiations for release of, 739, 740–747, 747–748, 750–751; question of closing of Göteborg traffic, relation to, 747, 748–749, 763, 765–766, 791, 796, 808
  • Trade relations with other countries (see also Iron ore, supra, and War Trade Agreement, etc., infra): Argentina, 766, 767, 770; Bulgaria, 787; Denmark, 769, 774, 787; Finland, 767, 768, 770, 774–775, 777, 787; Italy, 768, 818, 819; Rumania, 766, 768, 798
  • Transit traffic through Sweden, discussions concerning, 758–761, 762–764, 771–773, 775, 781–782, 783–784, 785–787, 780–794, 795, 796, 797–799, 800–801
  • War Trade Agreement between United States, United Kingdom, and Sweden (see also Norwegian merchant ships and Transit traffic, supra), 739–815
    • Basic rations sought by Sweden (see also Oil, infra), 778, 770, 779–780, 782, 807–809
    • Citations to, 816, 817–818, 820
    • Limitation on Swedish exports to enemy Europe, question of, 775–778, 810–811
    • Negotiations in London:
      • Agenda, preliminary discussions concerning, 753–754, 757
      • Invitation to Sweden, 755–757, 760–762; Swedish acceptance, and list of delegates, 762–763
      • Meetings, reports on, 764–772, 781
      • Progress of negotiations, résumé, 778–780
      • Suggestions and instructions to U.S. negotiators, 773–775, 784–785, 800, 802–804
    • Oil, Swedish need for, 743–744, 745–746, 747, 748, 771, 772, 773, 778, 779, 780, 782, 788, 905
    • Signature and implementation of agreement, 781, 794–797, 799–805
    • Text of agreement, initialled Sept. 23, and accompanying documents, 806–815
• Swinton, Lord, 40, 52–53, 71, 99
• Switzerland, 824–908
  • Army supplies, U.S.-Swiss negotiations concerning, 892–908
    • Compensation Agreement, question of furnishing supplies within framework of, 896, 898, 901, 903–904, 904–905
    • Swiss requests for oats and other items, 892–893, 894–897, 899, 902
    • U.S. policy of strengthening Swiss Army, 894, 895, 897–898, 899–900, 901–902, 904–905; views of U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, 902–903
  • German-Swiss trade relations, bearing on negotiations of Anglo-American-Swiss War Trade Agreement:
    • Credits to Germany by Switzerland, U.S. and British concern regarding, 828, 842–843, 845–846, 847, 847–848, 852, 853, 876–878, 879, 880, 881–882
    • Exports to Germany by Switzerland, question of limitation of, 818–819, 824–825, 831, 835, 874–876, 900
    • Negotiations for new trade agreement, 824–825, 827–830, 857, 900; U.S. and British representations and Swiss reaction, 830–838, 839–840, 842–843
  • Spanish-Swiss air service, U.S. interest in possibility of, 700, 702, 708, 709–710
  • Transit of German troops and war material through Switzerland, U.S. and British representations and Swiss position, 767, 768, 840–842, 843–845, 850–851, 878
  • War Trade Agreement between United States, United Kingdom, and Switzerland (see also German-Swiss trade relations, etc., supra), 824–892
    • Army supply negotiations, discussions relative to War Trade Agreement during course of, 893–894, 898, 899, 900, 904–908
    • Compensation Agreement (1942), operation of, 825–826, 832, 839, 873–874, 876
    • Negotiations:
      • Agenda, 872–873
      • Discussions preparatory to resumption of 1942 negotiations, 826–827, 846, 848–850, 851–872, 877–878, 879–887
      • Reopening of negotiations by agreement of Aug. 17, 863–866, 875, 880, 881
      • Swiss proposals forming basis of agreement, 887–888
    • Proclaimed and Statutory Lists, application to Swiss firms, 864, 873–876, 880–881, 884–885, 886, 888, 891
    • Text of exchange of notes signed Dec. 19, 888–892
• Syria, 41, 54, 64, 174
• Taylor, Myron C., 910–911, 912, 914, 917, 923, 954
• Thor, Vilhjalmur, 304n , 304–305, 307
• Thurnheer, Walter, participation in negotiations relative to Anglo-American-Swiss War Trade Agreement of Dec. 19, 829n , 833, 834, 839–840, 848–849, 849–850, 856–857, 859, 863–876 passim, 884n , 887; supplies for Swiss Army, 892n , 892–898 passim
• Timor, 525–526, 568, 570, 575
• Tito, Marshal (Josip Broz), 996, 1022–1031 passim, 1035–1036, 1037, 1038
• Tittmann, Harold H., 340–341, 345–353 passim, 910n , 911–913, 913–914, 914–915, 916, 924–931 passim, 934–938, 950, 951, 952, 953–954
• Tixier, Adrien, 140, 151, 157, 203, 262–263
• Trading with the Enemy Act, cited, 457
• Treaties, conventions, etc. (see also Agreements under Belgium and Netherlands; Sweden: War Trade Agreement; Switzerland: Army supplies and War Trade Agreement; and under United Kingdom):
  • Anti-Comintern Pact (1936), 143, 613–614
  • Atlantic Charter, 12, 69, 75, 235, 296, 339, 986, 1013, 1025, 1032
  • Geneva Prisoners of War Convention, 1929, cited, 955, 957, 958–959
  • Hague Convention of 1907, 289, 712, 713–714, 714, 716, 717, 717–718, 720, 721
  • Iberian Pact, Dec. 22, 1942, 595
  • Lateran Treaty between Vatican and Italy, 1929, cited, 934, 953
  • Treaty of friendship and cordial cooperation between Italy and the Serb-Croat-Slovene State, 1924, cited, 964
  • Tripartite Pact between Japan, Germany, and Italy, Sept. 27, 1940, 983
  • U.S.-Denmark, agreement for defense of Greenland, Apr. 9, 1941, 18
  • U.S.-French Committee of National Liberation, agreement regarding reciprocal aid in French North and West Africa, 301
  • U.S.-Iceland: Agreement for sending U.S. troops to protect Iceland, cited, 307–308; reciprocal trade agreement, Aug. 27, citation to text, 313
  • U.S.-Norway, Lend-Lease Agreement, July 11, 1942, cited, 483–484
  • U.S.-Portugal. See Portugal: Wolfram Agreement.
• Tripartite Conference at Moscow: Advisory Council for Italy, 434, 437, 440, 442; joint communiqué, cited, 422; Spanish inquiry regarding, 631
• Tsouderos, Emmanuel J., 390n , 391, 397, 435–436
• Tunisia (see also France: Jewish community in Tunisia, etc.), military campaign, 60, 63, 89, 91, 96, 110, 112, 119, 122
• Turkey, 334, 338, 977
• United Kingdom (see also Denmark, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland; Vatican: Bombing of Rome; and under Yugoslavia: Disunity, etc.):
  • Axis credits, position regarding postwar recognition of, 845–846, 847–848, 879
  • Churchill. See Churchill, Winston S. Eden. See Eden, Anthony.
  • Free French recruiting of French sailors in British ports, British procedure in dealing with problem, 205–207, 208, 210, 211, 212–213, 217–219
  • Iceland, request for withdrawal of British troops, 307–313
  • Treaties and agreements:
    • Portugal:
      • Anglo-American-Portuguese Supply-Purchase Agreement, 1942, 497–525 passim
      • Azores, agreement of Aug. 17 regarding. See Portugal: Azores: British-Portuguese Agreement.
      • Treaty of Alliance, 1373, cited, 549, 554, 555, 563, 572
      • War trade agreement, 512
    • Soviet Union, treaty of alliance in the war against Germany, May 26, 1942, cited, 341, 346, 350
    • Sweden, war trade agreement, Dec. 7, 1939, cited, 765n , 788, 806, 807, 809, 812, 813, 816, 821
  • Tunisian Jews, problems arising from Nazi levies against, U.S.-British consultation regarding, 287–294, 296, 298–299, 300
• United Nations Declaration of Jan. 1, 1942, 12–13, 16, 17, 128–129, 133, 358
• U.S. Army Air Force, service of Yugoslav unit with, 1041–1048 passim
• U.S. Commerce Department, 464, 466–468
• U.S. Commercial Co., 633n , 642
• U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, 240–241, 312, 547, 579, 583–584
• U.S. Navy Department, 202–219 passim, 303–307, 526, 529, 544, 546–547, 556
• U.S. Treasury Department, 87, 178n , 297, 447, 453, 461, 462, 464, 466, 468, 639, 641, 642
• U.S. War Department, 150, 426, 526, 529, 546–547, 556, 570, 581–585, 597, 958, 1041–1048 passim; Prisoners of War Information Bureau, 955, 957
• Van den Broek, J., 446, 447, 447–448, 460–461, 461, 466–468, 469
• Vatican, 910–961
  • Bombing of Rome, Vatican efforts to prevent, 910–953
    • Allied landings in Italy, Roosevelt letter giving certain assurances to Pope in connection with, 926–927, 928–929, 930–931; Papal replies and representations regarding Allied military operations in Italy, 927–928, 931–933, 944–946, 950
    • Allied reservation of right to bomb Rome, 912, 913, 914, 916, 920, 924–925, 929, 930, 933–934; instructions to Allied forces not to attack Vatican property, 920, 925, 926, 930, 952–953
    • Appeals of Pope Pius XII and other Vatican officials to U.S. and British Governments (see also Allied landings, supra, and Demilitarization, etc., infra), 910–911, 914–915, 916–919, 920–923, 924, 948–949; U.S. replies, 914, 919–920, 923, 930, 946–947
    • Audiences of Harold H. Tittmann with Pope, 911–913, 950
    • Axis or mob action against Vatican, danger of, and concern regarding safety of diplomatic personnel, 922–923, 925, 951; possible Axis bombing of Vatican, 920, 921, 925
    • Bombing incidents, July 19 and Aug. 13, 932, 933–938, 942; Axis propaganda, 938
    • Bombing of Vatican territory by unidentified plane, 952
    • Demilitarization of Rome and declaration as an open city, 910, 912, 913, 918, 922, 923, 926, 927, 938–944, 946, 947, 947–948, 949–950, 952
    • Exchanges of letters between President Roosevelt and the Pope, texts of, 916–917, 919–920, 926–927, 931–933
    • German occupation of Rome, 948–952 passim; Papal warning to Diplomatic Corps in Vatican City, 951
    • Latin American opinion, concern of Allies regarding, 911, 921–922, 936, 948
    • Neutral status of Vatican City, Allied treatment based on, 920, 925, 926, 930, 952–953
    • “Open City”. See Demilitarization, etc., supra.
    • Portuguese appeal to British not to bomb Rome, 914
    • Public opinion in Italy, speculation regarding, 913–914, 925–926, 939, 947, 948
    • Public protest in event of bombing of Rome, Papal warnings regarding, 911, 915, 918, 919, 921, 929, 935, 936
    • Spanish Primate’s appeal and U.S. reply, 933–934
    • United Kingdom, consultation with United States, and Roosevelt-Churchill exchange of letters, 913, 923, 929, 939–940; Vatican attitude, and interpretation of British statements as threats, 911, 914–916, 918, 920–921, 924–926, 929
  • Christmas message of Pope Pius XII, 912
  • Communists in Italy, fear of uprisings by, 945–946, 950
  • Italian withdrawal from war, Papal interest in, 340–341, 345–346, 348–349
  • Nazi atrocities, protest against, in Papal Christmas message, 912
  • Postwar position of Italy, Vatican interest in, 924, 930
  • Prisoners of war: Extension to North Africa of Vatican Information Service regarding, 953–961; transmission of names of American prisoners in Italy and Japan, 957, 959
  • San Lorenzo, bombing of Basilica of, 932, 934, 937, 938, 942
• Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy, 332n , 367, 368, 372, 373, 374–375, 384, 386, 387, 414, 415, 417, 419, 426, 427, 428
• Villiers, Gerald Hyde, 743, 745, 768
• Vyshinski, A. Y., 431, 433, 434, 437, 441, 442, 443
• Wallenberg, Marcus, Jr., 762, 764, 768
• War Shipping Administration, 218, 219, 304, 454, 470–479, 481–489; charter of Swedish ships, 754, 770, 789–790, 791, 793, 807
• Washington Conference between Roosevelt and Churchill, Third, 110n , 115, 115–117, 120
• Welles, Sumner, interest in U.S. relations with France, 70–71, 83–84, 124, 135–136, 138, 145n , 182–183, 254, 262–264; Italy, 314, 348–349; Netherlands, 446–447, 448; Spain, 607–608; Vatican, 918, 940–941, 942, 958; Yugoslavia, 970–971, 977, 978, 1003–1004, 1006–1007, 1041–1042, 1043, 1046n , 1047
• Wolfram. See under Portugal and Spain.
• Yugoslavia, 962–1048
  • Aviators in training in United States, arrangement for service as a Yugoslav unit with U.S. Army Air Force, 1041–1048
  • Disunity among Yugoslav resistance forces, and U.S. concern regarding, 962–1041
    • Chetniks. See Mihailovich, infra.
    • Communists in Yugoslavia. See Partisans, infra.
    • Conditions in Yugoslavia, and development of resistance forces, 978–984, 988–999, 1004–1006
    • Dissension among groups of Yugoslav descent in United States, 966–967, 1004, 1014–1015
    • Government-in-exile:
      • Attempts to achieve collaboration between Chetniks and Partisans, 994–995, 990–1000, 1004, 1006, 1011; political directive to Gen. Mihailovich, question of, and British pressure, 962, 966, 967–968, 972, 987–988, 999–1003
      • Defense of Gen. Mihailovich, 1028–1029, 1031–1032
      • Dissension among groups composing government: Analysis and reports of political developments and Cabinet changes, 962–965, 968, 972, 984–985, 988, 1003, 1012–1014; controversies involving representatives in United States, 965–967, 971–972, 1020–1021; criticism by Yugoslav Ambassador in Soviet Union. 1026–1028
      • Objections to Allied support of Partisans, 982–983, 985–986, 1011, 1021–1022, 1023–1024, 1029, 1032, 1035
      • Soviet Union, relations with Yugoslav Government, 975–976, 977–978, 1004, 1040
    • Mihailovich, Gen. (see also under United Kingdom, infra):
      • Account of rise of Mihailovich and activities of Chetniks, 980–992, 997–999
      • Accusations of cooperation with Germans, 975, 976, 1000–1001, 1005, 1025, 1026, 1028, 1031–1032, 1036: with Italians, 963–964, 976, 983, 984, 987–988, 995–996, 999–1002, 1005, 1008, 1015
      • Allied aid, need for, 978–984, 1003
      • Forces commanded by, 979, 980, 981, 989–992, 997–999, 1004–1005
      • Partisans, conflict with, 992–997, 1002, 1005
      • Soviet attitude, 974–975, 977, 1002, 1005, 1026
      • U.S. position and relations with, 970–971, 1000–1007, 1009–1010, 1031–1032, 1036–1037
    • National Committee of Liberation. See under Partisans, infra.
    • Partisans (see also under United Kingdom, infra):
      • Aims and activities, including attacks on Gen. Mihailovich, 966, 968, 969–970, 972–974, 980–981, 984–985, 992–997, 1006, 1011
      • National Committee of Liberation, formation of: Announcement by Partisan radio, 1033–1034; British reactions, 1022–1023, 1035–1036, 1037–1038, 1039–1040, 1040–1041; composition of Committee, 1027; Soviet attitude, 970, 974–975, 976, 977–978, 984, 1005, 1025–1026; U.S. position, 985–986, 1024, 1027–1028, 1038–1039; views of Yugoslav Ambassador in Soviet Union, 1026–1028; Yugoslav Government reaction, 1023–1024, 1035
      • Yugoslav reactions to Communists and Communism, 982–983, 993, 994, 996, 1032
    • Soviet Union: Accusations against Mihailovich, 974–975, 977, 1002, 1005, 1026; attitude toward Partisans, 960–970, 974–975, 976, 977–978, 984, 1005, 1025–1026: consultation with British, 1037–1038; relations with Yugoslav Government-in-exile, 975–976, 977–978, 1004, 1040; Yugoslav National Committee of Liberation, announcement supporting, 1025–1026
    • United Kingdom, support of resistance groups, and attempts to unify:
      • Concerted action with United States and Soviet Union, suggestions of, 1031, 1032, 1034, 1036, 1037–1038
      • Decision to give support to both resistance groups, 1015–1016, 1018, 1022–1024, 1027–1028
      • Efforts to achieve unification by appeals to factions, 963, 978, 987–988, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1018
      • Mihailovich, Gen.: Policy of support for, and threatened withdrawal of, 969, 970, 975, 976, 977, 1005, 1018, 1024–1025, 1028–1029, 1029–1032, 1034, 1035–1036, 1040–1041; problems regarding communications and supplies, 1003–1004, 1006, 1007–1008, 1009, 1023, 1026, 1029; rejection of request for mediation with Partisans, 1041
      • Partisans: Broadcasts favorable to, 1023; Communist nature, doubts regarding, 1009; establishment of contact with, 976–977, 984–985, 1005, 1009, 1010, 1018; revolutionary nature disclosed by broadcast, and resulting British modification of plans and appeal to Tito, 1033–1034, 1035–1036, 1039–1040
    • U.S. relations with resistance groups: Alleged British reference to U.S. pressure to remove Gen. Mihailovich, 1031–1032, 1036–1037; directive to Office of War Information, 1024; position stated, 985–986, 1027–1028, 1038–1039; question of U.S. military mission, 1006–1007, 1009–1010; Yugoslav request for statement supporting Gen. Mihailovich, 970–971
    • German occupation:
      • Gen. Mihailovich, accusations of collaboration with Germans, and denials, 975, 976, 1000–1001, 1005, 1025, 1026, 1028, 1031–1032, 1036
      • Hardships inflicted on people, 978–980, 989, 997–998, 1029, 1038
      • Resistance to German occupation forces, miscellaneous references to, 969, 981, 991, 996, 1002, 1006, 1008, 1015, 1021, 1022, 1024, 1025, 1028, 1036, 1038–1039, 1040
    • Italy: Armistice with Allies, Yugoslav interest in, 357–360, 363, 366, 1018–1020; cooperation between Gen. Mihailovich and Italians, accusations regarding, 963–964, 976, 983, 984, 987–988, 995–996, 999–1002, 1005, 1008, 1015
    • Massacre of Yugoslav people by invaders, 979–980, 997–998, 1029
    • Peter II, King of Yugoslavia: Acceptance of U.S. bombers, 1048; conversations with Churchill, 963, 1028, 1030; loyalty of Gen. Mihailovich and Yugoslav people, 991; messages to President Roosevelt, 1003–1004, 1006–1007; Partisan denunciation of King, 1033, 1036; policy statements, 965, 967, 1013, 1016–1017; request for U.S. statement supporting Gen. Mihailovich, 970; visit to United States, 1045
    • Removal of Government-in-exile to Cairo, 985, 1016, 1021, 1022