Index

• Airfields in Far East, British and Netherlands, U. S. move to secure use of, 497–499
• Airplane flights over Japanese Island of Taiwan (Nov. 20) and U. S. Island of Guam (Nov. 24), 698–699, 726
• Anti-Comintern Pact. See under Axis powers.
• Arrests and deportations. See under Growing tension.
• Assassination of Baron Hiranuma and of Prime Minister Konoye, attempted, 365, 398n , 464, 531, 568
• Assets. See Freezing of Japanese assets.
• Atlantic Conference between President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill (Aug. 9–12): Chinese endorsement of Atlantic Charter, 377, 383–384; draft of a proposed communication to Japanese Ambassador, 370–376; omission of gesture toward Chinese, 395, 396
• Australia: Conversations between United States and Japan, interest in, 39–41, 420, 478, 635n , 640, 646–647, 668, 700; declaration of state of war with Japan, 737; President Roosevelt’s proposal to British, Chinese, and Soviet Governments regarding military and naval conferences at Chungking, Singapore, Moscow, and Washington, interest in, 758–759; U. S. role in Pacific War, interest in, 363–364
• Axis powers (see also Soviet Union), relations with Japan:
  • Anti-Comintern Pact: Adherence of new members, and year’s extension, 1025–1026; effect upon Japanese-Soviet relations, 909
  • Japanese Foreign Minister’s visit to Europe:
    • Berlin visit, speculation as to purpose and results of, 68, 72, 74, 77, 140, 355–356, 914, 915–916, 917–920
    • Moscow visit. See under Soviet Union: Japanese-Soviet nonaggression agreement.
    • Rome visit, 140, 199, 930–931, 934
  • Secret agreement, July 6, between Germany, Italy, and Japan, reports of, 300–301, 1004, 1005
  • Tripartite Pact between Germany, Italy, and Japan (Sept. 27, 1940):
    • Anniversary celebration in Japan, 463, 492
    • Arrival in Germany of Japanese military mission, 905–906
    • German pressure upon Japan, 29, 116, 202–203, 912, 1011–1012
    • Japanese statements and views regarding, 18–20, 42–43, 44, 47–48, 77, 78, 141, 195–196, 205, 224–225, 235, 247, 252, 255, 267, 285, 328, 906, 907, 909, 958–959, 971, 973–974, 976–977, 989–991
    • Opinion of Ambassador Grew regarding Japanese obligations in event of war between United States and Japan, 187–188
• Bombing of U. S. S. Tutuila, 352–353, 365–370
• Brazil, support of United States in possible war with Japan, 256
• Canada: Interest in conversations between United States and Japan, 253–254, 657–658; request for U. S. cooperation in control of asbestos shipments to Far East, and U. S. reply, 802, 805
• Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo:
  • Attitude toward Chinese Communists, 82–86
  • Messages for President Roosevelt regarding—
    • China’s readiness to declare war upon Axis dependent upon simultaneous Soviet declaration, and President Roosevelt’s reply, 736, 737–739, 740–741
    • Possible military pact between China, Soviet Union, and United Kingdom, and suggested U. S. reply, 361–362, 1004, 1005–1006
    • Secret agreement, July 6, between Germany, Italy, and Japan, 300–301, 1004, 1005
  • Opposition to proposal of a U. S. modus vivendi with Japan, 651—654, 660–661, 680–681
  • President Roosevelt’s message suggesting Chiang as Supreme Commander of Chinese Theatre, 763–764
  • Proposals regarding unification and joint action against Japan, 736, 740, 754, 762
  • Warning, May 12, to President Roosevelt of possible German attack upon Soviet Union, 187
  • Warnings, July 2 and 4, of possible Japanese attack upon Soviet Union, 289, 994
• Chiang Kai-shek, Madame: Criticism of American-British attitude toward China, 396; radio address, Oct. 10, analysis by Department official, 552–553
• China (see also Atlantic Conference; Chiang Kai-shek; and China questions under Growing tension):
  • British arrangements for control of all exports to China except by Burma Road, 867–868
  • Extraterritorial rights in China, exchange of notes with United States regarding, 208–209
  • Interest in conversations between United States and Japan, 208–209, 225–227, 238–239, 241–242, 268–269, 395–396, 419–420, 421–422, 435, 436–441, 444–445, 447–449, 450, 459, 461, 491–492, 499, 503, 635n , 640, 646–647, 650–654, 660–661, 680–681, 699, 705–706, 708–709, 711–713
  • Japanese basic peace terms for China (Sept. 23). See under Conversations between United States and Japan: Aug. 6–Oct. 16: Draft proposals.
  • Offer to organize volunteer corps in Philippines, 759
  • Reaction to Moscow consultations between United States, British, and Soviet representatives, 503
  • Soviet aid to China, 3, 112, 281, 913–914, 954, 970, 991, 1014, 1015, 1017
  • U. S. aid to China, 288–289
  • U. S. policy regarding control of exports to Shanghai, 791–792, 797, 808–809, 822–823, 842, 864, 866–867, 902
  • Views and reaction to signature of Japanese-Soviet non-aggression agreement, 182–183, 948, 949, 951–952, 955–956, 970
• Churchill, Winston:
  • Broadcast, Aug. 24, referring to Japanese aggression and U. S. Japanese conversations, 394, 395, 397
  • Correspondence with President Roosevelt regarding coordination of declaration of war with Japan, 732–733, 735
  • Meeting with President Roosevelt. See Atlantic Conference.
  • Note to Japanese Foreign Minister visiting at Moscow, 927–928, 929–930, 938–939, 940, 967–969
  • Reply to President Roosevelt’s message regarding modus vivendi with Japan, 665, 667
• Conversations between United States and Japan:
  • Jan. 1–May 11, preliminary phase, 1–184 passim
    • Interest of Australian, British, and Netherlands Governments in conversations, 39–41, 41n
    • Proposals for general settlement of Pacific area, presented by private Americans and Japanese: Arrangements and discussions regarding, 1–2, 4–6, 10–16, 17–18, 21–29, 31–36, 49–53, 54–55, 56–58, 61, 63–65, 69–74, 81, 96–97, 111–112, 113–117, 119–122, 123–128. 130–131, 132–139, 142–143. 148–149, 154–158, 161, 172–173, 174, 178–182; text of preliminary draft agreement sponsored by Japanese (Mar. 16–17), 95–96, 97–107; texts of tentative U. S. counterdrafts to Apr. 9 proposal sponsored by Japanese, 143–146, 149–150, 159–161
    • Summaries and memoranda of informal conversations between Ambassador Nomura, President Roosevelt, and Secretary Hull, 39–41, 65–68, 77–79, 163
    • Views and recommendations of Department officials, 42, 62–63, 75–76, 146–147, 152–154
  • May 12–Aug. 5, consideration of Japanese proposal of May 12, and interruption of conversations following Japanese military penetration of French Indochina, 184–363 passim
    • Axis knowledge of conversations, British report of, 210
    • Draft proposals:
      • May 12 Japanese draft: Comments and counterdrafts of private Americans, 184–186, 200–201, 221–223; Japanese note regarding proposal, 186; views and recommendations of Department officials, 190–194, 196–197, 215–221, 223–224, 232–233, 239–241
      • June 8 Japanese draft: Comparison with text of May 31 U. S. draft, 256–259; views and recommendations of Department officials, 260–262, 265–266
      • June 21 U. S. oral statement: Draft suggested by Department officials, 270–272; plan for acceptance of return by Japanese, 323–324
      • July 11 Japanese draft received through private Americans, 303–304, 311–321
      • July 24 suggestion by President Roosevelt for neutralization of French Indochina and Thailand, 345, 347–348, 351–352, 353–354, 358, 359–360, 360–361
    • Interest of other countries in conversations: Canada, 253–254; China, 208–209, 225–227, 238–239, 241–242, 268–269; United Kingdom, 200, 210–212, 233–234
    • Japanese military penetration of French Indochina and conclusion of treaty with Vichy Government July 21, 338
    • Opinions, recommendations, and reports of Ambassador Grew, 224, 228–232, 247–248, 252–254, 283, 299–300, 343, 353–354
    • Publicity regarding, 206–207, 252–253
    • Views and recommendations of Department officials, 212–215, 224–225, 263–264, 269–270, 290–294, 325–326, 329–331, 333–336, 339–342
  • Aug. 6–Oct. 16, renewed insistence of Japan upon its peaceful purposes—resumption of conversations, 363–511 passim, 527–539
    • Delays in conversations, 463–464, 464–465, 468
    • Draft proposals:
      • Aug. 6 Japanese draft, U. S. reply prepared at the Atlantic Conference, and Department’s revisions, 370–376
      • Sept. 4 and 6, Japanese drafts, views and recommendations of Department officials regarding, 428–429, 432–435, 436, 449–450, 470, 480–481
      • Sept. 23 Japanese basic peace terms for China: Delivery of terms to Ambassador Grew and to the Department, 457–458, 464, 467, 476; Japanese oral statement to Ambassador Grew (Sept. 28), 476–477; views and recommendations of Department officials, 458–459, 471–472
      • Sept. 25 Japanese draft combining Sept. 21 U. S. redraft and Sept. 6 Japanese draft: Delivery of proposals and oral statement to Ambassador Grew and to Department, 481–482, 490–491; U. S. oral statement Oct. 2, Japanese attitude, 494–497, 500–501, 507–511, 527–531
    • Interest of other countries in conversations: Australia, 420, 478; China, 395–396, 419–420, 421–422, 435, 436–441, 444–445, 447–449, 450, 459–461, 491–492, 499, 503; France, 420–421, 452–454, 466; Netherlands, 454–455; United Kingdom, 394–395, 430, 469, 489–490, 499
    • Meeting between President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Konoye, proposed. See Roosevelt-Konoye meeting.
    • Reaction in Japan to reports of conversations, 441–442, 450–451
    • Reaction of American public to conversations, 504–505
    • Resumption of conversations, Japanese request and President Roosevelt’s reply, 379, 380
    • Summaries of conversations, 378–380, 423–425, 494–497
  • Oct. 17–Nov. 19, advent of Tojo Cabinet and redoubling of Japanese insistence upon early acceptance of proposals, 511–626 passim, 630–632
    • British interviews with Japanese regarding conversations, and transmittal of Japanese suggestion of a modus vivendi in Pacific, 516–518, 585–588
    • Formal negotiations: Japanese interpretation of conversations as such, 587–588; U. S. intention of consulting other governments prior to entrance upon negotiations, 586–587
    • Fundamental difficulties under discussion: European War and Tripartite Pact, 516, 517; nondiscrimination and equality of treatment in commercial matters, 516, 576–579, 589; withdrawal of Japanese forces from China and French Indochina, 516–517, 554, 555, 589, 593–596
    • Japanese insistence upon speedy conclusion of conversations, 563–564, 567, 588
    • Mission to United States of Saburo Kurusu, 566–567, 570, 584, 599, 625
    • Outline of agreement suggested by Secretary of Treasury, 606–613; comments and revisions by Department and by Army and Navy, 622–625, 630–632
    • President Roosevelt’s proposed message to Japanese Emperor: Drafts, 513–514, 515, 521–522; Secretary Hull’s advice against sending, 520–521; views of Department officials, 514–515
    • Reports and suggestions of private Americans, 527–539, 555–558, 561–562
    • Speech of Foreign Minister Togo regarding, 603–605
    • Summaries of Nov. 18 conversation, 616–617, 618–621, 626
    • U. S. representations regarding Japanese editorial containing 7-point program of demands upon United States, 569, 573–574; Japanese reply, 576–577
    • Views and recommendations of Department officials, 512, 523–524, 544–552, 559–560, 566, 568–569, 576–584, 588–589, 591–598, 599–603, 605–606, 613–616, 621–622
  • Nov. 20–Dec. 7, Japanese efforts to effect a limited agreement or modus vivendi, and final phase of conversations, 622–729 passim, 731–732
    • Draft proposals:
      • Nov. 20 Japanese proposal for a modus vivendi, and counter-drafts under consideration by United States:
        • Consultation by United States with Australian, British, Chinese, and Netherlands Governments and their replies, 635n , 640, 646–647, 650–657, 658–661, 680–681, 705–706, 711–713; Canadian Government’s interest in consultations, 657–658
        • President Roosevelt’s 6–months proposal, 626
        • President Roosevelt’s message to Prime Minister Churchill, 648–649; reply, 665–667
        • Secretary Hull’s decision, with President Roosevelt’s concurrence, to drop the counterdraft under consideration, 665–666, 683–684
        • Texts of counterdrafts under consideration, 627–630, 635–640, 642–646, 661–665
        • Views and recommendations of Department official, 633–634
      • Nov. 26 U. S. proposal for general settlement: Delivery to Japanese, 666; interest of Thai Government, 669–670; reaction of the Japanese, 707, 720–721; reactions of the Australian, British, Chinese, and Netherlands Governments, 666–669, 699, 708–709; views of Department official regarding release of documents to public, 709–711
    • German attitude toward conversations, 704–705
    • President Roosevelt’s messages to Emperor Hirohito and Gen. Chiang Kai-shek (Dec. 6): Drafts by Department officials and final approved text, 688, 697–698, 721–722, 723–726; oral statement of Japanese Foreign Minister (Dec. 8), 734; transmittal to the Chinese and Japanese, 727, 731–732
    • Proposed message to Congress regarding relations with Japan: Drafts submitted by the Secretaries of War and Navy, 675–680, 688, 698; final compromise draft, 689–697
    • Reports and suggestions by private Americans, 641, 702–703
    • Termination of conversations, probability of: British inquiries, 681–682, 684–685; desire of Australian, British, and Netherlands Governments that relations be continued to provide time for preparations to resist in Pacific, 700; Japanese attitude, 714, 716; Secretary Hull’s warning to Ambassador Grew (Nov. 28), 682; Secretary Hull’s warning to Australians and British (Nov. 29) that diplomatic stage was over, 685–687; views and recommendations of Department officials, 670–671, 672–675, 728–729
• Currie, Lauchlin, 81–95, 167–169, 186, 361, 755
• Davies, Joseph E., 108–111, 370–371
• Drought, Father James M., efforts for conciliation between United States and Japan, 18, 113–115, 127, 132–134, 200–201, 263, 316, 317
• Economic measures affecting trade with Japan (see also Freezing of Japanese assets and Petroleum products), 774–904
  • Canadian request for U. S. cooperation in control of asbestos shipments to Far East, 802; U. S. reply, 805
  • Japanese economic situation and its effect upon policy, 589–591
  • Japanese regulations affecting Americans and American holdings, 794–795, 843, 896
  • United Kingdom:
    • Arrangements for control of all exports to China except by Burma Road, 867–868
    • Comments of British Ambassador on Japanese Vice Foreign Minister’s speech (Apr. 10), 813–814
    • Measures to prevent re-exportation of U. S. products to occupied China from Hong Kong, 795, 815
    • Policy regarding export of manganese to Japan, 862
    • Request for U. S. views on subjecting Japanese vessel Asaka Maru to contraband control, 784–786, 795–797; U. S. reply, 786–787
    • Restrictions on exports to Japan, 788, 880–881
    • Suggestions to United States for coordination of plans and procedures, 774–776, 787–788, 788–791, 797–800, 825, 826–827, 828–832, 833, 841–842, 844, 873–875, 887–888, 891
    • Termination of treaty of commerce and navigation with Japan (1911) and conventions regarding commercial relations and trade and commerce between India, Burma, and Japan (1934, 1937), 843
  • United States:
    • Closing of Panama Canal for repairs (July 11), 301
    • Comments and recommendations by Department officials, 774, 783–784, 800–801, 832–833, 834, 844–850, 881–885
    • Emergency buying program for Philippine exports, 888–890
    • Extract from studies project of Council on Foreign Relations, 781–782
    • Japanese barter proposal regarding tungsten, 811–813
    • Japanese Foreign Minister’s speech (Jan. 21), 8–9
    • Japanese representations regarding Philippine refusal of export permits, 819–820; U. S. reply, 823–824
    • Navy Department study of effect upon Japan of an embargo of essential raw materials, 835–841
  • Policy regarding—
    • Control of exports to Shanghai, 791–792, 797, 808–809, 822–823, 842, 864, 866–867, 902
    • Embargo imposition in event of overt step by Japan, 301
    • Extension of credit facilities to Japanese banks, 809–811
    • Visits in U. S. ports of Japanese naval transports, 803, 816, 817–818
  • Report of Henry F. Grady on views and policies of Netherlands East Indies officials, 878–880
  • Vice President Wallace’s suggestions regarding trade embargo, 815–816
  • War Department attitude regarding imposition of restrictions on silk importations, 834
• Embargoes. See Economic measures.
• European War. See under Growing tension.
• Export control. See Economic measures.
• Extraterritorial rights in China, 208–209
• France (see also French Indochina under Southward advance of Japan): Interest in conversations between United States and Japan, 420–421, 452–454, 466; reports on developments in the Far East, 20–21, 118, 1017–1018; views and reactions to signature of Japanese-Soviet nonaggression agreement, 941, 953–954
• Freezing of Japanese assets:
  • British restrictions on Japanese trade and payments in the British Empire, 880–881
  • Effect of freezing orders upon Japanese financial position, 894–895
  • Netherlands East Indies restrictions, 351, 397, 878–880, 893–894
  • U. S. freezing order (July 26): Arrangements regarding Japanese cargoes and vessels in U. S. ports, 351, 852–853, 857–858, 860–862, 868–870, 891–892, 895–896, 897, 900–901, 902–903; Department preparations for action, 832–833; interest of Netherlands Government in, 350–351; Japanese anticipation of U. S. order, 842–843; Japanese reaction to order, 344, 346–347; policy and procedures of United States in handling export-import applications, 846–848, 853–855; reciprocal arrangements with Japan regarding application of freezing orders to diplomatic, consular, [Page 1038] and other official personnel, 855–856, 863–864, 870–873, 885–886, 890–891, 893, 897–900, 901–902; silk industry developments after freezing order, 865–866; status of Japanese trade after freezing order, 858–860, 903–904
• French Indochina and Thailand. See under Southward advance of Japan.
• Germany (see also Axis powers and Soviet Union: German invasion): Interest in conversations between United States and Japan, 210, 704–705; reaction to signature of Japanese-Soviet nonaggression agreement, 959–961; Rumanian report of differences between Nazi leaders, 913–914; Schacht, Hjalmar, observations regarding a German rapprochement with China, 976
• Grady, Henry F., report on views and policies of Netherlands East Indies officials, 878–880
• Great Britain. See United Kingdom.
• Grew, Joseph C. (see also Conversations between United States and Japan): Complaint regarding lack of information from Department, 299–300, 304–306; editorial from Japanese newspaper favorable to Grew, 376–377; letter to President Roosevelt (Sept. 22) expressing belief in Prime Minister Konoye, and the President’s reply, 468–469, 560; plea for gesture by President Roosevelt toward Japanese people (Aug. 30), 416–418, 429; report of rumor of Japanese plans to attack Pearl Harbor, 17
• Growing tension between United States and Japan arising from Japanese military aggression (see also Southward advance of Japan):
  • Airplane flights over Japanese Island of Taiwan (Nov. 20) and U. S. Island of Guam (Nov. 24), 698–699, 726
  • Arrest and deportation of Japanese officials for espionage, and U. S. request for reciprocal treatment for arrested Americans, 266–267, 272–274, 282–283, 294–296, 297, 304, 323, 506–507
  • Bellicose attitude of Japan: Press campaign against United States, 354, 554, 569, 573–575; remarks of Foreign Minister Matsuoka to Ambassador Grew (May 14), 188, 189–190, 194–196, 198–200, 202–206, 234–238; speech of Prime Minister Tojo (Nov. 30), 707, 726–727, 727–728
  • Bombing of U. S. S. Tutuila, 352–353, 365–370
  • China questions:
    • Japanese policy based on New Order in East Asia, 357–358
    • Operations of the Asia Development Board, 482
    • Peace negotiations between China and Japan, possibility of: Chinese attitude and U. S. reply, 226–227, 238–239; rumors and reports regarding, 36–37, 41–42, 45, 46, 47, 118, 197–198, 203, 209, 241–242, 922, 933–934
    • Reports and opinions of Lauchlin Currie, 81–95, 141, 167–169, 186, 361; missionaries at Nanking (Bates and Mills), 242–247; Owen Lattimore, 362, 652; John Leighton Stuart, 29–30, 36–37, 117–118, 322–323, 389–390, 461–463, 562–563, 564–565, 641; Treasury representative at Hong Kong, 707–708
    • Visit to Japan of Wang Ching-wei and joint statement issued June 23, 286, 357, 988
  • Economic measures taken by United States affecting Japanese trade. See under Economic measures.
  • Efforts to restore good relations between United States and Japan:
    • Informal conversations between Japanese officials and American Embassy staff, 16–17, 37–39, 53–54, 122, 128–130, 139–140, 364–365
    • Rumored visit to United States and London of Foreign Minister Matsuoka, 74, 169–170, 171–172, 173, 174–176, 916, 926–927; U. S. attitude, 170, 926
    • Unofficial visit to United States of Saburo Kurusu, 2–3, 30–31, 71, 74, 108–111
  • Encirclement allegations of Japan, and U. S. denials, 391–393, 399–400, 408, 409–410
  • European War, attitude of United States and Japan (see also Soviet Union): Japanese collaboration with Axis powers, and obligations under Tripartite Pact, 42–43, 44, 47–48, 77, 187–188, 202–203, 224–226; U. S. aid to United Kingdom and other countries resisting aggression, 6–8, 37–38, 42, 79–80; U. S. policy of self-defense, 6–8, 201–202, 205–206, 254–255, 286–287
  • Evacuation from Japan of U. S. citizens, Ambassador Grew’s views and recommendations, 431
  • Japanese activities in the United States, suggested public hearings regarding, 431–432
  • Japanese troop movements southward, reports of, 633, 667, 669, 703–704, 719–720
  • Military conversations of British, Netherlands, and U. S. experts in Far East, 363, 389, 505–506
  • Political developments in Japan:
    • Attempted assassination of Baron Hiranuma and of Prime Minister Konoye, 365, 398n , 464, 531, 568
    • Cabinet changes, 69, 325–328, 328–329, 331–332, 336–338, 343–344, 354, 511, 512–513, 517, 519–520, 522–523, 529, 541–543, 553–554, 567–568; Secretary Hull’s views, 325–326
    • German influence and pressure, 5, 6, 202–203
    • Morale of Japanese people, 408–409
    • Opposition to policies of Foreign Minister Matsuoka, 207
    • Sessions of Diet and speeches of Foreign Minister Matsuoka, 8–10, 18–20
    • Unified military command directly responsible to Emperor, establishment of, 443–444, 445–447
  • U. S. interest in “official views” from China and French Indochina predicting dates of future Japanese attacks on Siberia, Thailand, and Yunnan, 565–566; comments of Ambassador Gauss and Ambassador Grew, 570–573
  • Views and recommendations of Department officials regarding the situation in the Far East and U. S. policy, 147–148, 150–152, 162, 164–167, 387–388
  • War between United States and Japan, possibility of: Australian interest in U. S. role in Pacific war, 363–364; British inquiry (Dec. 4), and recommendation of Department official, regarding approach to Japanese for reciprocal agreement for withdrawal of officials, 714–716; British suggestion of emergency communications plan in Far East, and U. S. reply, 524–525, 711; Japanese attitude toward, 20–21, 43, 508, 540–541; Netherlands request for notification in Philippines regarding imminence of war, 688; report from Ambassador Grew of rumored Japanese attack upon Pearl Harbor, 17; report from the Philippines of Japanese surprise attack plans, 699; Secretary Hull’s warning to Ambassador Grew (Nov. 28), 682; Soviet attitude toward, 55; support of United States by Brazil, Peru, and the Philippines, 118–119, 256, 526; transference of U. S. fleet in Pacific to the Atlantic, British opinion regarding, 183–184; U. S. move to secure use of British and Netherlands airfields in Far East, 497–499; winds code telegrams of Japanese, interception of, 713
• Hashimoto, T., 4–6, 10–13, 27–29, 31n , 49–51, 116, 140, 178
• Hiranuma, Baron Kiichiro, 12, 16–17, 122, 128–130, 131–132, 140, 365, 398n , 568, 958–959
• Hiss, Alger, 422–423, 876–878
• Howard, Roy, 173, 174, 175
• Hull, Cordell:
  • Report to Justice Owen J. Roberts (Dec. 30) on his warnings to War and Navy Departments of immediate danger of Japanese attack, 764–767
  • Statements: Jan. 15 before House Committee on Foreign Affairs, 9, 10; Jan. 27 before Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 23; Apr. 14 regarding the Japanese-Soviet non-aggression agreement, 810, 947, 948–949
  • Warning to Ambassador Grew (Nov. 28), 682
  • Warnings to the British and Australians (Nov. 29), 685–687
• Indochina, French. See French Indochina and Thailand under Southward advance of Japan.
• Italy. See Axis powers.
• Iwakuro, Col. Hideo, mission to United States, 52, 53, 69, 81, 116, 119, 127–128, 161
• Jones, E. Stanley, efforts for conciliation between United States and Japan, 306–310, 455–457, 459, 501–502, 555–558, 561–562, 641, 702–703
• Kleiman, M., 1–2, 81
• Konoye, Prince Fumimaro (see also Roosevelt–Konoye meeting in Pacific, proposed), attempted assassination of, 464, 531
• Korea, arrest by Japanese of American missionaries in, 272, 282–283, 295–296, 297, 304, 323
• Korean propaganda headquarters in Soviet territory, views of Department officials regarding proposal for, 762–763
• Korean Volunteer Corps, letter from Chungking headquarters to President Roosevelt and other Americans, 757–758
• Kurusu, Saburo, Special mission to United States, 566–567, 570, 584, 599, 625; unofficial visit to United States, 2–3, 30–31, 71, 74, 108–111
• Lattimore, Owen, 361, 362, 652, 738–739
• Magruder, Gen. John, 736, 750, 752, 755, 769–771
• “Manchoukuo,” 38, 61, 73 Matsuo, arrest by Japanese, 273, 282, 283, 295, 297
• Matsuoka, Yosuke:
  • Remarks to Ambassador Grew May 14, 188, 189–190, 194–196, 198–200, 202–206, 234–238
  • Speeches, 8–9, 18–20
  • Visit to Europe. See under Axis powers.
  • Visit to Washington and London, rumored, 74, 169–170, 171–172, 173, 174–176, 916, 926–927; U. S. attitude, 170, 926
• Monroe Doctrine, cited, 15, 25, 43, 61, 72, 95–96, 106
• Netherlands (see also Netherlands East Indies under Southward advance of Japan): Declaration of war with Japan, 733–734; inquiry regarding U. S. granting of petroleum licenses to Japan while refusing funds for export, and U. S. reply, 876–878, 886–887; interest in conversations between United States and Japan, 41n , 454–455, 635n , 646–647, 651, 658–660, 669–670, 700; interest in U. S. freezing order, 350–351; participation in military conversations with U. S. and British experts in Far East, 363, 389, 505–506; request to United States for notification in Philippines regarding imminence of war, 688
• Netherlands East Indies (see also under Southward advance of Japan), declaration of war with Japan, 735
• New Guinea, proposals regarding transfer to Japan, 455–457, 502, 555–556, 562, 613–614, 615–616, 641, 703
• Nomura, Adm. Kichisaburo (see also Conversations between United States and Japan), Swiss Ambassador’s investigation of report that Ambassador Nomura and the Naval Attaché would commit hart kari, 748–749
• Okada, Lt. Cmdr. Sadatomo, arrest in United States for espionage, and deportation, 295, 507
• Panama Canal, closed for repairs, 301
• Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Ambassador Grew’s report on rumored Japanese plans for attack upon, 17
• Peru, support of United States in possible war with Japan, 118–119
• Petroleum products, U. S. control of export to Japan: British suggestions regarding tanker curtailment and other restrictive measures, 774–776, 787–788, 788–789, 790–791, 797–800, 825; comments and recommendations by Department officials, 776–781, 782–784, 793–794, 798–799, 803–805, 805–808, 848–850; Congressional bills and resolutions, 817, 820–821, 824; cooperation between Government agencies, 818–819, 822; Japanese representations regarding restrictions upon exports from Eastern Seaboard, and U. S. reply, 821, 824; Netherlands inquiry regarding U. S. granting of licenses for petroleum shipments while refusing funds for export, and U. S. reply, 876–878, 886–887; report from Tsingtao on Japanese imports of American petroleum products, 792; revocation Aug. 1 of all valid licenses to export petroleum products other than to Western Hemisphere, British Empire, and unoccupied territories of countries resisting aggression, 850–851; Secretary of Commerce report on U. S. export of petroleum products to Japan, 814–815; Standard-Vacuum Oil Co., 775, 799, 825–826, 827–828; U. S. Maritime Commission, Department’s suggestions regarding curtailment of tanker usage, 800
• Petroleum products, U. S. shipments to Soviet Union. See under Soviet Union.
• Philippine Islands: Japanese representations regarding Philippine refusal of export permits, and U. S. reply, 819–820, 823–824; President Quezon’s letter to President Roosevelt (Oct. 18), and President Roosevelt’s reply, 526, 598; report from Philippines of Japanese surprise attack plans, 699; U. S. emergency buying program for Philippine exports, 888–890; U. S. representations to Soviet Union regarding Pravda article criticizing policy of declaring Manila an open city, 767–768
• Pratt, Adm. William V., conversation with Ambassador Nomura, 170–172
• Roosevelt, Franklin D. (see also Conversations between United States and Japan):
  • Correspondence with Gen. Chiang Kai-shek regarding declaration of war with Axis, 736, 737–739, 740–741
  • Correspondence with Prime Minister Churchill regarding declaration of war with Japan, 732–733, 735; regarding modus vivendi with Japan, 648–649, 665, 667
  • Exposition of policy to Ambassador Grew and Prime Minister Churchill (Aug. 18), 378–380
  • Meeting with Prime Minister Churchill. See Atlantic Conference.
  • Meeting with Prime Minister Konoye. See Roosevelt-Konoye meeting in Pacific, proposed.
  • Message to Gen. Chiang Kai-shek suggesting Chiang’s establishment as Supreme Commander of Chinese Theatre, 763–764
  • Messages to Emperor Hirohito and Gen. Chiang Kai-shek (Dec. 6). See under Conversations between United States and Japan: Nov. 20–Dec. 7.
  • Proposal to British, Chinese, and Soviet Governments regarding military and naval conferences at Chungking, Singapore, Moscow, and Washington, 751–753, 757, 758–759, 759–760, 762
  • Suggestion, July 24, for neutralization of French Indochina and Thailand, 345, 347–348, 351–352, 353–354, 358, 359–360, 360–361
• Roosevelt-Konoye meeting in Pacific, proposed:
  • Advancement of suggestion by the Japanese, 61, 70, 73, 96, 107, 119, 378–379
  • Message of Prime Minister Konoye to President Roosevelt (Aug. 28): President Roosevelt’s reply (Sept. 3), 423–425, 470; publicity regarding, 407, 409, 412
  • Reports and recommendations of Ambassador Grew, 378, 381, 382–383, 409, 416–418, 431, 457, 467, 483–489, 492
  • Secrecy of plans: Japanese desire for, 381, 390, 489; U. S. attitude, 381
  • Secretary Hull’s suggestions to President Roosevelt, and his reply (Sept. 28), 483
  • Three steps suggested by Japanese, 412–413; U. S. reply, 423
  • Views and recommendations of Department officials, 121–122, 384–387, 398–399, 403–405, 412–416, 419, 425–428, 449–450, 470–475, 478–480
• Sanctions. See Economic measures.
• Shipping, Japanese: Cargo and vessels in U. S. ports at time of U. S. freezing order, 852–853, 857–858, 860–862, 868–870, 891–892, 895–896, 897, 900–901, 902–903; naval transports in U. S. ports, 803, 816, 817–818; Panama Canal closed for repairs, 301
• Silk importation, U. S. restrictions and effect upon industry, 834, 865–866
• Singapore, Japanese intentions regarding, 39, 47, 208, 921
• Southward advance of Japan:
  • French Indochina and Thailand, Japanese aggression:
    • British concern and intentions regarding Thailand, 359–360, 701
    • British draft ultimatum to Japan, and Secretary Hull’s counsel, 410–411
    • Chinese report of secret agreement, July 6, between Germany, Italy, and Japan, 1004, 1005
    • Economic negotiations between Japan and French Indochina, 141, 177
    • Japanese troop movements southward, reports of, 633, 667, 669, 703–704, 719–720
    • Mediation by Japan of the dispute between French Indochina and Thailand, 45–46, 141, 177, 922
    • President Roosevelt’s neutralization proposal (July 24), 345, 347–348, 351–352, 353–354, 358, 359–360, 360–361
    • Reactions abroad to Japanese moves and effect upon Japan, 43–44, 47–49
    • Reports and rumors of Japanese intentions, 28–29, 1008–1009, 1015, 1019
    • Retaliatory economic measures taken by the British and U. S. Governments. See under Freezing of Japanese assets.
    • Treaty concluded by Japanese and Vichy Government (July 21), 338–339
    • Vichy Government’s interest in the future status of French Indochina, 452–454, 466
    • Views and recommendations of Department officials, 290, 325, 329–331, 333, 334–335, 339–342, 349, 358–359, 493–494
  • Netherlands East Indies: British policy regarding, 363; freezing of Japanese assets, 351, 397, 878–880, 893–894; Japanese economic negotiations and intentions, 18, 141, 232–233, 250–251, 264–265, 907; mobilization of armed forces, 701; U. S. aid, request for, 41n , 248–250, 252; [Page 1042] views of Chief of U. S. Naval Operations regarding Netherlands project to declare certain areas dangerous to shipping, 717–719
  • Singapore, Japanese intentions regarding, 39, 47, 208, 921
• Soviet Union:
  • British Foreign Minister’s mission to Moscow, 759–760, 1027, 1028–1029, 1029n
  • China, Soviet assistance to, 3, 112, 281, 913–914, 954, 970, 991, 1014, 1015, 1017
  • German invasion of Soviet Union (June 22): Chinese reaction, 281–282; evacuation preparations by German and Japanese Embassies, 978; Japanese reactions and policies regarding, 285–286, 287, 298, 979–991, 991–993, 995–997, 999–1001, 1003–1004, 1006–1010; progress of hostilities, 356–357, 1014–1015; rumor and reports of possible attack, 187, 931, 933, 939, 940, 943, 952–953, 959–960, 971, 972, 973, 975, 977–978; U. S. policy regarding, 278–281, 284–285, 286–287, 293–294, 979, 987, 1015
  • Japanese intentions regarding Siberia: British suggestion of U. S. British warning to Japan, 558–559, 560–561; comments and speculation of Department officials, 275, 276, 278–279, 288–289, 290, 981–982, 1020–1023; Japanese conditions for agreement, 1010–1011; rumors and reports regarding possible attack, 281–282, 289–290, 294, 298–299, 310–311, 355, 544, 742, 994, 995, 1004, 1008, 1012, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018–1019, 1020, 1024–1025; Secretary Hull’s warning to Soviet Ambassador (Dec. 11), 742; Soviet suggestions of U. S. warning to Japan, 543–544, 1013–1014; U. S. inquiry as to Japan’s intentions, and Japanese reply, 994–995, 997–998, 1002–1003, 1004–1005, 1006, 1010
  • Japanese-Soviet negotiations regarding trade agreement and fisheries conventions, 44, 141, 907–909, 911, 914, 915, 956–957, 972–973, 974–975
  • Japanese-Soviet non-aggression agreement (Apr. 13):
    • Deadlock in negotiations, reports on, 3, 116, 905, 906–907, 909–910, 911, 912–913, 914
    • Japanese expectations from agreement, 55–56, 58–60, 177
    • Japanese Foreign Minister’s visits to Moscow:
      • Conversations with U. S. Ambassador, 921–923, 932–938, 940–941
      • Departure from Moscow, 953, 954
      • Meetings with Molotov and Stalin, 925, 929, 930, 933
      • Note from British Prime Minister: Arrangements for its delivery, 927–928, 938–939, 940; Japanese Foreign Minister’s reply, 967–969; U. S. observations regarding text, 929–930
      • Purpose of visit, reports and speculation regarding, 913, 914, 915–916, 920–921, 923, 925
      • Statement to Chiefs of Mission of Axis and Associated Powers, 923–924
    • Résumé of negotiations prepared by U. S. Ambassador, 961–964
    • Secret clauses or understanding, 175–176, 967
    • Telegrams exchanged at time of ratification, 969–970
    • Text of agreement and declaration, 944–945, 957, 967
    • Views and reactions to signature: British, 950–951; Chinese, 182–183, 948, 949, 951–952, 955–956, 970; Chinese Communists, 965–966; French, 941, 953–954; Germans, 959–961; Soviets, 945, 957, 991, 1029; U. S. Ambassador at Moscow, 942–944, 945–947, 954–955, 964–965; U. S. Secretary of State, 810, 947, 948–949
  • Trans-Siberian Railway shipments from Far East to Germany. 911–912, 966–967, 972
  • U. S. shipments of petroleum and military supplies to Vladivostok, and Japanese opposition, 298, 301–302, 397–398, 400–403, 405–407, 420, 425, 429–430, 442–443, 575–576, 1002–1003, 1017, 1019
  • War in the Pacific, following Japanese attack upon United States: Soviet reactions and decision to remain neutral, 730–731, 738, 742–744, 746, 747, 755–756, 1026–1027, 1027–1028, 1029–1030; Soviet reply to President Roosevelt’s proposal regarding military and naval conferences at Chungking, Singapore, Moscow, and Washington, 760; U. S. representations regarding Pravda article criticizing policy of declaring Manila an open city, 767–768
• Standard-Vacuum Oil Co., 775, 799, 825–826, 827–828
• Stark, Adm. Harold R., 442–443, 575–576
• Stilwell, Maj. Gen. Joseph W., 745
• Stuart, J. Leighton, 29–30, 36–37, 117–118, 322–323, 389–390, 461–463, 562–563, 564–565, 641
• Swiss Minister’s investigation of report that Ambassador Nomura and Japanese Naval Attaché would commit hart kari, 748–749
• Tachibana, Lt. Cmdr., arrested in United States for espionage, and deported, 266–267, 272–274, 282, 283, 294–295, 507
• Thailand. See French Indochina and Thailand under Southward advance of Japan.
• Timor, occupation by Australian and Netherlands forces despite Portuguese remonstrances, 757
• Tojo, Gen. Hideki, speech Nov. 30, 707, 726–727, 727–728
• Toyoda, Admiral Teijiro, appointment to replace Foreign Minister Matsuoka in Japanese Cabinet, 328, 332
• Trade. See Economic measures.
• Treaties, agreements, etc.:
  • Anti-Comintern Pact. See under Axis powers.
  • Japanese-Soviet non-aggression agreement (Apr. 13). See under Soviet Union.
  • Japanese-Vichy Government treaty regarding French Indochina (July 21), 338–339
  • Secret agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan (July 6), reports of, 300–301, 1004, 1005
  • Tripartite Pact between Germany, Italy, and Japan (1940). See under Axis powers.
  • United Kingdom-Japanese treaty of commerce and navigation (1911) and conventions regarding commercial relations and trade and commerce between India, Burma, and Japan (1934, 1937), British notice of termination of, 843
• Tripartite Pact between Germany, Italy, and Japan (1940). See under Axis powers.
• Tutuila, U. S. S., 352–353, 365–370
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union.
• United Kingdom (see also Churchill, Winston; and under Economic measures): Concern and intentions regarding Thailand, 359–360, 701; conversation between British Ambassador and Under Secretary of State (July 10), 300–303; declaration of war with Japan, 730, 732–733, 735, 1027; draft ultimatum to Japan regarding French Indochina, and Secretary Hull’s counsel, 410–411; emergency communication plan in Far East, suggestion to United States and reply, 524–525, 711; Foreign Minister’s mission to Moscow, 759–760, 1027, 1028–1029, 1029n ; inquiry (Dec. 4) regarding U. S. views on an approach to Japanese for reciprocal agreement for withdrawal of officials, 714–716; interest in conversations between United States and Japan, 39–41, 200, 210–212, 233–234, 394–395, 430, 489–490, 499, 516–518, 585–588, 635n , 640, 646–647, 654–657, 666–667, 681–682, 684–685, 700; opinion regarding transfer of part of U. S. fleet in Pacific to the Atlantic, 183–184; participation in military conversations with Netherlands and U. S. experts in Far East, 363, 389, 505–506; policy regarding Netherlands East Indies, 363; reaction to signature of Japanese-Soviet non-aggression agreement, 950–951; suggestions to United States regarding tanker curtailment and other restrictive measures affecting Japan, 774–776, 787–788, 788–789, 790–791, 797–800, 825; U. S. aid to United Kingdom and other countries resisting aggression, 6–8, 37–38, 42, 79–80; U. S. representations regarding possible British “leak” of information communicated by United States, 393
• U. S. citizens: Ambassador Grew’s views and recommendations regarding evacuation from Japan, 431; arrest by Japanese of American missionaries in Korea, 272, 282–283, 295–296, 297, 304, 323; treatment of American diplomatic mission in Japan, 761–762
• U. S. Commission to Investigate Facts and Circumstances of Japanese Attack upon Pearl Harbor, Secretary Hull’s report to Chairman of, 764–767
• U. S. Congress, bills and resolution regarding embargo on petroleum products to Japan, 817, 820–821, 824
• U. S. fleet in Pacific, British opinion regarding transfer of part to the Atlantic, 183–184
• U. S. foreign policy:
  • Aid to United Kingdom and other countries resisting aggression, 6–8, 37–38, 42, 79–80
  • Japan. See Axis powers; Conversations between United States and Japan; Economic measures; Growing tension; Southward advance of Japan; and War in the Pacific.
  • Self-defense, 6–8, 201–202, 205–206, 254–255, 286–287
• U. S. Navy Department, study on effect upon Japan of an embargo of essential raw materials, 835–841
• U. S. Secretary of Commerce, report on U. S. export of petroleum products to Japan, 814–815
• U. S. Secretary of Navy, 183–184, 505–506
• U. S. Secretary of Treasury, outline of suggested agreement with Japanese, 606–613, 622–625, 630–632
• U. S. War Department, attitude regarding restrictions on silk importations, 834
• Walker, Frank C., efforts for conciliation between United States and Japan, 17–18, 21, 54, 55, 61, 63–64, 64n , 69–74, 95–107, 111–112, 119–122, 172–173, 179–180, 184–186, 263, 265, 266, 290, 316, 317
• Wallace, Henry A., suggestion regarding control of trade to Japan, 815–816
• Walsh, Bishop James E., 14–16, 17–18, 21, 22, 81, 113, 505, 508–509, 527–539
• Wang Ching-wei, visit to Japan and joint statement issued June 23, 286, 357, 988
• War in the Pacific, following Japanese attack upon the United States (Dec. 7), 730–773, 1026–1030
  • Declarations of war by Australia, 737; China, 736–737, 737–739, 740–741; Japan, 739–740, 741; Netherlands, 733–734; Netherlands East Indies, 735; United Kingdom, 730, 732–733, 735, 1027; United States, 735
  • French Ambassador’s report on events in Japan and Japanese treatment of U. S. and British diplomatic missions, 761–762
  • Japanese Consulate in Hawaii, position of Department regarding activities of, 764
  • Korean propaganda headquarters in Soviet territory, views of Department officials regarding proposal for, 762–763
  • Korean Volunteer Corps, letter from Chungking headquarters to President Roosevelt and other Americans, 757–758
  • Moscow mission of British Foreign Secretary, 759–760, 1027, 1028–1029
  • Occupation of Timor by Australian and Netherlands forces despite Portuguese remonstrances, 757
  • Offer of the Chinese to organize a volunteer corps in the Philipines, 759
  • Secretary Hull’s report, Dec. 30, to Justice Owen J. Roberts on his warnings to War and Navy Departments of immediate danger of Japanese attack, 764–767
  • Soviet reactions and decision to remain neutral, 730–731, 738, 742–744, 746, 747, 755–756, 1026–1027, 1027–1028, 1029–1030
  • Swiss Minister’s investigation of report that Ambassador Nomura and Japanese Naval Attaché would commit hari kari, 748–749
  • Transcripts of radio broadcasts from Japan on Dec. 8 (Japan time), 771–773
  • Unification and coordination of joint action against Japan:
    • Message of President Roosevelt to Gen. Chiang Kai-shek suggesting Chiang’s establishment as Supreme Commander of the Chinese Theatre, 763–764
    • Messages of President Roosevelt to British, Chinese, and Soviet Governments proposing military and naval conferences at Chungking, Singapore, Moscow, and Washington, and their replies, 751–753, 757, 759–760, 762; Australian interest in conferences, 758–759
    • Proposals of Gen. Chiang Kai-shek, 736, 740, 754, 762
    • Suggestions of Secretary Hull to the British and Chinese Ambassadors, 746–747, 749–750
    • Views and recommendations of Department officials, 744–745
    • Views of Ambassador Gauss, 753–754
  • U. S. representations to Soviet Government regarding Pravda article criticizing policy of declaring Manila an open city, 767–768
• Welles, Sumner, conversation with British Ambassador (July 10) regarding Far Eastern situation, 300–303
• Wikawa, Tadao, mission to United States, 51–53, 63, 69–70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 81, 95, 96, 97, 113–117, 119, 127, 161
• Willkie, Wendell, 197, 211, 745
• Winds code telegrams of Japanese, interception of, 713
• Yamada, Engineer Lieutenant Wataru, arrest in United States for espionage, and deportation, 295, 507
• Young, James R., American correspondent arrested in Japan. 272