Foreign Relations of the United States Diplomatic Papers,
1939, The Far East, Volume III
Index
- Agreements. See
Treaties, conventions, etc.
- American Silk Spinning Co., 421, 423–424, 430
- Anglo-Iranian Oil Co., 571
- Anti-Comintern Pact (1936). See
under
Japan: Axis powers: Tripartite military alliance.
- Arms and munitions. See under
Undeclared war.
- Asiatic Petroleum Co., 740
- Australia, 513, 572
- Belgium, 379, 479,
748, 757, 763
- Berlin-Rome Axis, 12, 14, 23, 104, 111, 162, 567
- Burma. See under
Undeclared war.
- Canada, 513
- Central China. See under
Undeclared war.
- Chase National Bank, 377–378, 398–399, 408–409, 547, 721
- Chiang Kai-shek:
- Anglo-Japanese alliance, attitude toward possibility of, 217–219, 233–234
- Conditions for peaceful settlement of conflict with Japan, 169, 173,
176–177,
178–179,
197, 222, 254, 264, 283, 295–296
- Hainan and Spratly Islands, comments concerning Japanese
occupation of, 105–108
- Soviet Union, attitude toward, 217–219, 220
- Statements of policy: General, 128–129, 133, 135,
161–162,
166–167,
170–171,
285, 663–664; possible U. S. aid
to China, 687–691, 712–713, 717;
relations with United States, 659–661
- Termination of treaty of commerce and navigation between United
States and Japan (1911), attitude toward,
562
- Chiang Kai-shek, Madame, 163
- China (see also
Undeclared war, and under
Japan):
- American rights and interests in China. See
Undeclared war: Interference, Naval measures,
and
Protection.
- Boxer indemnity funds, 396, 805, 807,
810–811,
812, 814, 817–818, 826, 832, 843–844, 847–848
- Chiang Kai-shek. See
Chiang Kai-shek.
- Communists, Chinese: Attitude of “Provisional
Government” toward, 124–126; relations with National Government,
83, 142–143, 144, 190,
195–197,
208, 209–210, 300–301, 308–310;
Soviet Union, relations with and influence of, 208, 308–309
- Cotton and wheat credits, 805, 842
- Customs problems, 800–867
- Administration: Functions and properties assumed by Japan,
803–804, 814, 820–821, 837–838, 841, 849;
Inspector-General, attitude and actions of, 811–812, 818–820, 827, 851–852, 857–858; National
Government, attitude of, 829;
Wang Ching-wei, attitude of, 90–91
- Anglo-Japanese customs agreement (1938):
- Attitude of China, 813–814;
France, 816–817; United Kingdom, 810, 815
- Revenues in occupied territories, application to,
843–844
- Attitude and actions of United States, 801, 808–809, 813, 817–818, 823, 830, 833–834, 838–839, 846–847, 856, 859, 861–862, 864–865
- Foreign exchange problem, 817,
835
- Integrity of Chinese customs: Japanese assurances
regarding, 802; steps taken by
United Kingdom and United States to ensure, 828, 836–837, 851, 853
- Loan and indemnity payments: Japanese, 845; service of loans, question
of, 831–836, 860–861; suspension and deferment by
National Government, 643–644, 804, 805, 806, 809, 810–811, 812, 824–825, 827–828, 840, 842, 847–848, 850, 854
- Representations by France, United Kingdom, and United
States against Japanese measures, 800–803, 808, 856, 859, 861–862
- Revenues: Collection in occupied territories, question of,
843–845, 846–847, 855, 858; detained by
Japanese, 402, 804, 806–807, 832–833; National Government, steps taken by, 410–411, 839–840
- Economic and financial matters. See
Customs problems, supra;
Salt Administration, infra; and under
Undeclared war: China.
- France, relations with. See under
Undeclared war.
- Germany, relations with, 374,
442, 661–662, 737, 748, 750–751, 757, 763, 815
- Kuomintang Government. See
National Government, infra.
- Kwantung Army, 46
- Maritime customs. See
Customs problems, supra.
- Mao Tse-tung, 142–143, 300–301, 308–309
- National Government:
- Cabinet changes, 326–327
- Central Executive Committee session, 132–133
- Chiang Kai-shek. See
Chiang Kai-shek.
- Chinese Communists, relations with, 83, 142–143, 144, 190, 195–197, 208, 209–210, 300–301, 308–310
- Cooperation in Far East, international, principles
proposed for, 525, 526, 527–528, 533–534, 535, 538
- Foreign loans, actions regarding, 643–644
- Interference by Japan with American treaty rights,
steps regarding, 425,
447–448, 470–471, 648
- Internal support for, 178, 512
- “Provisional Government” relations with, 124–126
- Restrictions by Japan on foreign trade and
shipping, actions regarding, 781, 783
- Rumors of personal gain in currency situation,
705–706
- Salt Administration, proposal for service of loans
by, 831–836
- Termination of treaty of commerce and navigation
between United States and Japan (1911), attitude toward, 346, 563
- North China. See under
Undeclared war.
- “Open door” policy. See
“Open door” policy.
- Protection of American lives and property. See under
Undeclared war.
- “Provisional Government of the Republic of China.” See under
Undeclared war.
- Railways: Burma-Yunnan, 754;
Canton-Hankow, 717, 754, 794; Chinese Eastern, 81; Dong Bang-Nanning, 747, 749;
Indochina–Yunnan, 115, 328, 717, 739, 740, 754; Kowloon–Canton, 776; Peking–Hankow, 141, 364;
Peking–Liaoning, 141;
Tientsin-Peiping, 222;
Tientsin–Pukow, 364
- “Reformed Government of the Republic of China.” See under
Undeclared war.
- Salt Administration: Foreign personnel,
position of, 822, 837, 852, 853–855, 860–861, 862–866; merger with Ministry of Finance, question
of, 840, 852, 853; National
Government, proposal for service of loans by, 831–836; suspension of debt payments, 824–825
- Soviet Union:
- Assistance to China, 77, 93, 136, 142, 160, 198–199, 208, 261, 263, 283, 289, 641, 697, 718, 746, 753, 757, 764, 815
- Chinese Communists, relations with and influence
on, 208, 308–309
- Chinese policy regarding, 262
- General relations, 225, 226–227, 235–236, 249, 250, 299, 301, 303
- Sinkiang Province, Soviet control of, 79
- Soviet policy toward China, 2–3, 25, 57, 62, 63, 68, 77–79, 82–88
passim, 91, 93, 96
- Trade with United States, 680,
681
- Tripartite military alliance of Axis powers, proposed,
possible effect of, 34
- United Kingdom, relations with. See
under
Undeclared war.
- Wang Ching-wei. See under
Undeclared war.
- War in Europe, attitude toward, 235–236
- China Consortium, proposal for dissolution of, and decision to continue
its existence, 721–736
- Chou En-lai, 190–192
- Chrysler Corp., 643
- Commercial treaties and agreements. See under
Treaties, conventions, etc.
- Communism (see also
China: Communists),
Japanese policy toward, 7, 12, 15, 21,
22, 71–72, 76
- Conventions. See
Treaties, conventions, etc.
- Czechoslovakia, 18–21, 29, 652, 748
- Denmark, 757, 763
- European political situation (see also
War in Europe, and under
Japan: Axis powers):
Effect on Far East, 158, 162, 165, 171–173, 181–182, 193, 214–215, 223, 228, 235–236, 247, 263, 273, 307, 313, 318, 527, 528, 540, 582, 689–690, 763; Japanese trade and industry
affected by, 223–224
- Export-Import Bank of Washington, 488, 552, 642, 660, 667, 670, 675, 681, 693, 711, 742, 744–745, 751, 754, 755, 756, 848
- Federal Reserve Bank, 367, 369, 379, 382, 385–386, 401, 404–405, 410, 412, 414–415, 422, 424, 431, 442, 443, 448, 463, 470, 474
- Finland, 96, 98
- France (see also under
Undeclared war):
- Anglo-Japanese customs agreement (1938),
attitude toward, 816–817
- Germany, relations with, 18
- Italy, relations with, 5, 10
- Japan, relations with. See under
Japan.
- League of Nations, activity in, 331,
333, 340
- Soviet Union, relations with, 38, 39, 48, 51–52, 65, 72, 296
- Freedom of navigation. See
Undeclared war: Naval
measures.
- French Indo-China. See
Undeclared war: Indo-China.
- General Motors Corp., 643
- Germany (see also
Japan: Axis powers):
- Annexation of Sudetenland, 18–21, 29
- China, relations with, 374, 442, 661–662, 737,
748, 750–751, 757, 763,
815
- Former Pacific colonies, proposal for return of, 26
- France, relations with, 18
- Hitler, Adolf: Message of President Roosevelt to, 25, 41, 43–44;
relations with Soviet Union, 214, 662
- Polish determination to resist German aggression, 57
- Ports in China, request for, 26
- Rumor of offer to mediate settlement in China, 283, 313
- Soviet Union, general relations with, 214–215, 247
- Trade relations with United States, 521–522
- United Kingdom, relations with, 18,
74
- Good offices. See
Undeclared war: Mediation.
- Great Britain. See
United Kingdom.
- Hainan Island. See under
Japan: Expansionist
movement.
- Hitler, Adolf. See under
Germany.
- Holy See, 302
- Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corp., 452,
637, 640, 649, 650, 653, 723, 724, 725, 726, 728, 732, 733, 734, 735, 812, 843, 844
- India, 491, 493
- Indo-China. See under
Undeclared war.
- Inner Mongolia, 416–417
- International conference for world peace, possibility of, 182–185, 200–202, 203, 204–205
- Italy (see also
Japan: Axis powers, and under
Undeclared war), 5, 9–10, 521–522
- Japan (see also
Undeclared war):
- Armament limitation, naval, attitude toward, 23
- Axis powers and Soviet Union, relations with, 1–102
- Analyses and reviews by United States (see also under
Tripartite military alliance, infra), 60, 64–69, 76–78, 319–321
- Attitude of United States toward Japan, influence of, 6–7, 14, 21–23, 30–31,
34–38, 40–41, 43–44, 45, 48,
55, 56, 58, 60, 65,
69, 78, 84–87, 91–101
passim
- European political situation, relation to (see also
War in Europe), 18–21,
24, 25, 27, 29–30,
31, 32, 36, 42–44,
45–46, 52–53, 57,
60, 61, 68, 100
- Far Eastern situation, relation to: General, 6, 7,
8, 14, 25, 36, 73–74, 80, 88,
89, 100; U. S. view of, 92–95, 98–99
- General relations, 232, 247, 359, 370–571, 374, 430, 433, 488, 541
- Hostilities between Japan and Soviet Union
on “Manchoukuo”–Outer Mongolia border, 17, 46–47, 50,
59, 63, 68, 69, 70–71, 73, 75–81
passim, 83, 92, 95, 102, 243, 287
- Internal political situation and extremist elements in
Japan, consideration of, 1–3, 24–25, 26, 29,
32, 33, 34, 38, 39,
40–41, 42, 47, 48,
53, 54–55, 64–65,
84, 86, 87, 92, 100, 181
- Japanese-German-Soviet axis, possibility of, 596
- Non-aggression pact with Japan, Soviet proposal for:
General, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58,
62–63, 66, 67–68,
70, 71–73, 82, 92,
95–100; German pressure on Japan to cooperate with
Soviet Union, 83–84, 86–87, 243
- Non-aggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union (Aug. 23), 51–57, 60–67,
74, 214–215, 217–218, 219, 233, 287
- Tripartite military alliance of Axis powers,
question of:
- Analyses and reviews by United States, 1–3, 11, 14–15, 18–19, 24–26, 28–32, 34–38, 40–42, 43—44
- Anti-Comintern Pact (1936):
German threat to denounce, 28, 32;
“Manchoukuo”, desire to join, 4–5; Polish
refusal to adhere to, 10–11, 19, 30; strengthening of, 4, 6–8, 12–13, 13–14, 20–21, 25–26, 30, 32, 33, 45, 53, 55–56, 66, 75, 99, 298
- China, possible effect on, 34
- France, views and steps of, 34, 36, 38–40, 58–59
- German and Italian pressure on Japan, and Japanese
resistance to, 5, 6, 9–10, 11–12, 20–21, 23, 26, 27–28, 32, 33, 38–39, 40–41, 44, 45, 48, 49, 50–51, 53
- German pressure on Soviet Union, 2, 27–28
- United Kingdom, views and steps of, 5, 6–9, 13, 15, 20–21, 27, 34, 36, 38, 39–40, 61; Anglo-Japanese conversations, 48
- China, relations with:
- Chinese Eastern Railway, Japanese payment on, 81
- Customs, maritime and salt administration. See
China: Customs problems
and
Salt
Administration.
- General policy toward and position in, 1, 2–3, 9, 12, 13, 15, 25, 29, 41–42, 43–44, 55, 65, 67, 68, 69, 72–73, 76–78, 83–84, 85, 97, 98–99, 105, 276–282, 303–305, 310–311, 315–316, 325, 509, 512, 607–608
- Japanese population in China, 303
- Salt Gabelle control by Japan, 90
- Communism, general policy toward, 7, 12, 15, 21,
22, 71–72, 76
- Expansionist movement, southward advance of:
- Hainan and the Spratly Islands,
occupation of, 103–123, 748, 779, 817
- American missionaries and interests,
protection of, 109,
110
- Views and analyses of United States, 109, 118, 121–123
- Netherlands East Indies, Japanese threat to,
84, 117, 121, 122, 173, 175
- Paracel Islands, possible occupation of,
112
- Siam, Japanese threat to, and Siamese
internal political situation, 118–121
- France, relations with (see also
Undeclared war: Shanghai
and
Tientsin, and
under
Axis powers: Tripartite military alliance, supra):
- General, 7, 39, 64–65, 72, 92, 97, 101, 273–274, 307
- Hainan and the Spratly Islands, French position
regarding Japanese occupation, 103–105, 108–109, 110, 112–116
- Japanese protests to France over shipment of arms
to China, 766, 768, 769, 770–772
- Trade relations with Japan, 529, 748–749
- Inner Mongolia, trade monopoly in, 416–417
- Internal political situation (see also
under
Axis powers, supra): General, 284,
288, 480, 585, 604, 635; debates on policy, 486–488; possible
effect of sanctions on, 517–519, 523–524; relationship
of government with military, 608, 622
- Italy, relations with, 228,
260, 359, 370–371, 374
- League of Nations, withdrawal from, 14
- “Manchoukuo” (see
also
Axis powers: Hostilities, supra:
Consolidation with Japan and China, question of, 310, 316,
349, 374, 441, 487, 621; export and sale of war materials by
United States, question of, 482–483, 488; foreign
missionaries in, 304; Japanese forces in, 286;
non-recognition by United States, 323, 489; recognition by
China, question of, 283, 310
- Nomura, Admiral Kichisaburo, 297–299
- Outer Mongolia. See
Axis powers: Hostilities, supra.
- Poland, relations with, 45,
57, 58, 210–211, 222, 232
- Soviet Union, relations with (see
also
Axis powers, supra):
- Attitude of Soviet Union toward Japan, 57
- Fisheries question, 2,
12, 15, 68, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 90, 92
- General, 71, 78–79, 80, 83–84, 85–87, 89–96, 98, 100, 101, 122, 136, 243, 246–247, 248, 249, 298, 302–303, 319–320, 602, 604
- Japanese fear of Soviet Union, 136, 211, 213, 214, 608
- Negotiations with Japan, U. S. attitude toward
possibility of, 319–321
- Sakhalin Island, Japanese concessions on, 47, 62, 68, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 90, 92
- Trade agreement negotiations, 81, 82, 83, 92, 95, 96
- Trade relations with other countries, 521–522, 529, 535, 572, 638, 646, 748–749
- Treaty of commerce and navigation with
United States (1911), notice of
termination, and discussion regarding possibility of new
agreement, 558–635
- Attitude of American nationals in China, 615; of Chinese National
Government, 346, 562, 563; of Japan, 96, 455, 564–568, 569–571, 576, 592–593, 598, 600–601, 614, 624–625, 626–628, 629–630, 632–634; of United Kingdom,
435, 571–573
- Japanese vessels and treaty merchants in United
States, position of, 617–619, 626, 634, 635
-
Modus vivendi, possibility
of, 585, 590, 610, 611, 620, 622, 623, 625, 626–627, 628, 633
- Termination of arts. V and
XIV, question of, 535–537
- United Kingdom, relations with. See
under
United Kingdom.
- United States, relations with (see
also
Treaty of commerce, supra): General, 143–144, 171, 172, 173, 180, 213–214, 232, 252, 255, 271, 298, 343, 354–355, 358, 371, 373, 383, 386, 390, 416–418, 423, 447, 461, 462n
, 521–522, 564–568, 569–571, 574–576, 582–583, 587–588, 589, 595–599, 603–613, 616–617, 657; “good-will mission” from
United States, Japanese suggestion for, 546–547; good-will visit of Prince Konoye, proposed,
392
- War in Europe, attitude toward, 67, 71, 72, 73,
121, 228, 252, 298, 621, 792
- Kuhn, Loeb and Co., 721, 724, 725
- Latvia, 331
- League of Nations, continued interest in checking Japanese
aggression in China, 330–348
- Attitudes, actions and question of participation of—
- China: Financial assistance for industry, request for,
345–346; League action, pressure for, 330–333, 335, 336, 339, 346–347
- Other countries: France, 331,
333, 340; Japanese withdrawal, 14; Latvia, 331; New
Zealand, 334; Soviet Union, 331, 334, 340; United
Kingdom, 331, 333, 334–335, 340; United States, 336–341
passim, 343, 344; Yugoslavia,
334
- Council reports and resolutions considered and adopted:
- Bombing of civilians and open towns (May
27), 341–342, 344
- China, support of: Jan. 19, 333–334; May 27, 341
- Sanctions against Japan under art. 16 of
Covenant, question of, 337
- Liberia, 761
- Life Book Co., 209–210
- Lithuania, 748
- Manchuria. See
Japan: “Manchou-kuo.”
- Mao Tse-tung, 142–143, 300–301, 308–309
- Missionaries, 109, 110, 304
- Mongolia, Inner, 416–417
- Mongolia, Outer. See
Japan: Axis powers: Hostilities.
- “Moral embargo”. See
Undeclared war: Sanctions,
etc.
- Morgan, J. P., and Co., 721, 732, 834–836
- Most-favored-nation principle, 536, 571, 577, 631
- Munich agreement (1938), 2, 21, 108
- Mussolini, Benito, 18, 104
- Navigation, freedom of. See
Undeclared war: Naval
measures.
- Netherlands: East Indian possessions, Japanese threat to, 84, 117, 121, 122, 173, 175; sanctions
against Japan, position regarding possibility of, 479, 518n
, 531
- Neutrality legislation of United States, 152,
153–155, 548
- New Zealand, 334
- Nine Power Treaty (1922): Application
to Far East situation, 332, 335, 349, 353, 520, 543–544, 600, 601, 605–606, 610, 670; Chiang
Kai-shek, interest of, 688–689, 690; Japanese violation of, 146, 333, 407, 609; possibility
of revision, 601, 610
- Nomura, Admiral Kichisaburo, 297–299
- North China. See under
Undeclared war.
- Norway, 571
- “Open door” policy, 375, 378, 416, 486, 487, 597, 601, 606, 607–608, 611, 633, 640, 656
- Outer Mongolia. See
Japan: Axis powers: Hostilities.
- Paracel Islands, 112
- Philippine Islands, 535
- Poland:
- Anti-Comintern Pact (1936), refusal to
adhere to, 10–11, 19, 30
- German aggression, determination to resist, 57
- Japan, relations with, 45, 57, 58, 210–211, 222, 232
- Neutrality, question of, 19, 30
- Soviet Union, relations with: Refusal to permit passage of Soviet
troops, 57; Soviet invasion of Poland,
72, 79
- United Kingdom, relations with, 30
- Reconstruction Finance Corp., 488, 489
- Roosevelt, Franklin D. (President): Burma Road, interest in rumors of
British closure of, 701–702; Chiang Kai-shek, communications with, 663–664, 714–715, 720; European war, attitude toward possibility of, 165; Executive order returning Navy to Pacific
coast, 23; interest in actions against Japanese
aggression, 331; message to Hitler, 25, 41, 43–44
- Sakhalin Island, 47, 62, 68, 75,
77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 90, 92
- Sanctions. See under
Undeclared war.
- Shanghai. See under
Undeclared war.
- Siam, 118–121
- Simian (Spratly) Islands, 111–117, 118, 121
- South China. See
Undeclared war: Canton,
and under
Interference: Banking
and
Restrictions.
- Soviet Union (see also
Japan: Axis powers):
- China, relations with. See under
China.
- Finland, attack on, 96, 98
- France, relations with, 38, 39, 48, 51–52, 65, 72, 296
- Germany, general relations with, 214–215, 247
- Japan, general relations with. See under
Japan.
- League of Nations, activity in, 331,
334, 340
- Poland, relations with: Polish refusal to permit passage of Soviet
troops, 57; Soviet invasion of, 72, 79
- Trade with United States, 549–550
- United Kingdom, relations with, 18–19, 26, 27, 30, 32, 38, 39, 41, 42–43, 44, 45–46, 48, 51–52, 65, 74, 77, 220
- Spratly Islands. See
Japan: Expansionist
movement: Hainan and the Spratly
Islands.
- Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovich, 746
- Standard Oil Co., 383, 460, 462
- Standard-Vacuum Oil Co., 350, 352, 357–358, 390–391, 419, 458, 468, 740
- Sweden, 571
- Switzerland, 427, 748
- Tariff Act of 1930, 483, 537, 552, 556
- Texas Oil Co., 350
- Thailand, 118–121
- Trade Agreements Act (1934), 551, 556
- Treaties, conventions, etc.:
- Anglo-Japanese customs agreement (1938).
See under
China: Customs.
- Anglo-Japanese treaty of alliance (1902),
568
- Anglo-Polish mutual assistance pact, Apr.
6, 30
- Anti-Comintern Pact (1936) . See under
Japan: Axis
powers: Tripartite military
alliance.
- Boxer Protocol of 1901, 801
- China Consortium (1920), 721–736
- Commercial treaties:
- Franco-Japanese agreement (1907), 103, 115
- Franco-Soviet mutual assistance pact (1935), 42–43, 72
- Geneva Convention (1925), 748, 758,
768
- Germany–Soviet Union, non-aggression pact, Aug.
23, 51–57, 60–67, 74, 217–218, 219, 233,
287
- International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (1929), 619
- Munich agreement (1938), 2, 21, 108
- Nine Power Treaty (1922) See
Nine Power Treaty.
- Pact of Paris (1928), 146, 155
- Polish-Soviet non-aggression treaty (1932),
72
- Portsmouth, Treaty of (1905), 52, 68
- Undeclared war between Japan and China, 124–867
- Arms and munitions:
- China, supply by foreign powers to (see also
China: War material, infra), 145, 160, 198–199, 234, 248, 261, 263, 289, 296, 348, 718, 737, 742, 743–745, 751–752, 757–760, 762–763, 815
- Japan, export and sale of war material to,
question of (see also
Sanctions, infra): United Kingdom, 736–737; United States, 339, 343, 475–478, 482–483, 488, 505–506; 521–523, 530–533, 544, 548, 741–742
- Transport of. See
Transport, infra.
- U.S. legislation prohibiting export of, 548
- Burma: British closure of Burma Road in
answer to Japanese demands, question of, 698, 701–702, 704; Burma Road to China, 234, 248, 636, 698, 701–702, 704, 717, 738, 753–755, 772;
communication and transport routes through, 234, 248, 636, 748, 757, 760, 764; effects of possible
sanctions against Japan on, 493
- Canton: Currency restrictions, 460, 462, 468; customs
problems, 800–801, 802; Pearl River, Japanese restrictions on
commercial shipping and navigation on, 421, 423–424, 430, 633, 778, 779, 790–791, 792, 794, 797, 798, 799; withdrawal
of French and British gunboats from, question of, 238
- Central China (see
also
“Reformed Government,”
and under
Interference: Banking
and
Restrictions, infra), 355–356, 397–399, 409
- Chefoo: Currency restrictions, 379, 452, 454, 466–467; customs
problems, 803, 820; Japanese trade restrictions,
350, 353, 360, 374
- Chiang Kai-shek. See
Chiang Kai-shek.
- China (see also
Central China, supra;
North China
and
South China, infra):
- Anglo-Japanese alliance, attitude toward, 217–219, 225–226, 233–234, 235
- Arms and munitions. See
War material, infra, and under
Arms and munitions, supra.
- Chou En-lai, 190–192
- Economic and financial matters (see also
Financial aid to China,
and
Interference, infra):
- Aid by United States, 548, 551, 552–554, 555, 655–657, 660, 667, 669–670, 675–676, 703, 742, 743–745, 751–752
- Analysis by United States, 424–426
- Effect of war on, 824–825
- Exchange control, 206–207, 366, 368, 374, 375, 377, 404–405, 415, 426–427, 650, 677, 678, 685
- Foreign trade, Japanese restrictions on (see also
Canton: Pearl River, supra;
Naval measures, Swatow, and
Tsingtao, infra), 389–390, 425, 467–468, 469, 548
- Financial aid to China (see also
Economic and financial
matters: Aid, supra), consideration of
possibilities of, 636–720
- Currency credits granted by United Kingdom,
637–641, 643, 648–649, 650–655, 667–668, 672–674, 680, 686–687, 693, 694–695, 699, 707–708
- Currency stabilization fund, 168, 377, 665–666, 674–675, 677, 678–679, 680, 684–685, 686, 692–693, 695, 702; Chinese attitude toward, 657, 682, 692–693, 696–697, 710, 717; Japanese attitude toward, 658
- France, actions of, 659, 671–672, 674–675, 676, 679, 683, 685, 686, 692–693, 698
- Soviet Union, aid granted by, 697
- U.S. and British parallel action, question
of, 642, 644–645
- U.S. interest in, 642, 644–645, 677, 678, 683–684, 700, 704–705
- Foreign concessions, Japanese control of (see also
Shanghai
and
Tientsin, infra), 250–251, 294
- France, relations with. See
under
France, infra.
- Germany, war supplies and credits to China, 737, 748, 750–751, 757, 763, 815
- League of Nations. See
under
League of Nations: Attitudes.
- United Kingdom, relations with. See under
United Kingdom, infra.
- United States, general relations with, 171, 180–181, 207, 212, 236, 293–295, 335–336, 508–514, 605–613, 662–663, 666–667, 712–713
- War material from other countries,
efforts to secure, 736–774
- France, Germany, and other European
countries, 737, 739–741, 746–751, 755, 757, 763, 764
- United States, 742, 743–745, 751–752, 754, 757–760
- Declaration of war, formal, question of, 153–155, 158
- France (see also
Indo-China, Shanghai, and
Tientsin, infra):
- China, relations with: Aid and supplies to China,
40, 659, 671–672, 674–675, 676, 679, 683, 685, 686, 692–693, 698, 739, 740–741, 743, 746–749, 755, 757, 766–767, 772;
French interests in, and general relations with,
18, 40, 86, 88, 91, 162, 213, 273–275, 327–328, 535, 538
- Currency situation in North China, steps in regard
to, 372, 379, 380, 405, 427, 437–438
- Hainan and the Spratly Islands, attitude toward
Japanese occupation of, 103–105, 108–109, 110, 112–116
- Sanctions against Japan, views regarding, 539, 541–543
- Shipment of arms to China, Japanese protests
regarding, 766, 768, 769, 770–772
- Hankow: Customs problems, 837–838, 841; foreign shipping,
restrictions imposed by Japanese on, 430, 432–433, 434, 445–446, 447, 448, 449–450, 451, 452–453, 455–457, 459, 461, 775; restrictions on foreign
nationals, 354–355, 356, 357
- Hong Kong, 369, 460, 776, 799, 866–867
- Indo-China:
- Bombings by Japan, 118
- Effect of capture of Nanning on, 716–717, 718–719
- Embargo on iron shipments to Japan, 529, 535, 539
- French policies in, 145, 296, 529, 535, 539, 541, 698
- General situation, 273–275, 329, 541
- Transshipment of arms to China through, 103–110
passim, 115, 145, 739, 740–741, 742, 743, 746–749, 756–757, 758–759, 762, 763–764, 765, 766; Chinese fear of
closure of route, 234,
248, 296; Japanese action
regarding, 766, 768, 769, 770
- Interference by Japan with American treaty
rights and with equality of commercial opportunity in China,
348–474
- Banking, currency, and foreign
exchange policies and practices: Central China, 397–399, 409, 410, 647; North China, 361–362, 364–365, 366, 367, 369–370, 379, 382, 383–384, 406–407, 414–415, 421–422, 424–425, 431, 436, 441–442, 443–444, 452, 458–459, 468; South China, 460, 462, 468
- Joint action, consultations and representations by
interested governments, 372, 373, 376–378, 379, 380, 381, 428–429, 431–432, 435, 437–440, 677, 708–709
- Monopolies imposed in China by Japan, 393–394, 416–417, 440–441, 465, 471, 472, 473
- Restrictions imposed by Japanese
military authorities: Central China, 355, 358, 360–361, 363, 364, 383, 430, 432–433, 434–435, 448, 449–450, 451, 452–453, 455–457, 459; North
China, 304, 350, 352, 353, 357, 360–361, 365–366, 370, 385, 390–391, 393, 411, 413–414, 415–416, 417–418, 419, 446, 469–470; South
China, 421, 423–424, 430
- Steps taken by—
- Chinese National Government, 425, 447–448, 470–471, 648
- United States, 371, 372, 373, 376–378, 379, 380, 381, 383, 399–401, 408, 416–418, 423–424, 430, 446, 447, 449–450, 451–452, 459, 464–465, 701
- International Settlement. See under
Shanghai, infra.
- Italy: Foreign armed forces in China, interest in, 253–254; Japan, relations with, 359, 370–371, 374; Shanghai and Tientsin, question of Japanese
control over Italian concessions in, 228, 260
- Japan:
- Aims and objectives, analyses of, 172–173, 297–299, 358–559, 486–488, 594
- Economic and financial matters (see also
China: Customs problems; Interference, supra;
Sanctions, infra):
- Central China Development Co., 312
- China, policy in, 303, 310, 312–313, 314–315, 363–364, 368, 553
- Currency in occupied areas of China, 206–207, 304, 317, 361–362, 365, 367, 379, 382, 383–384, 397–399, 403, 409, 410–411, 694
- Economic sufficiency, struggle for, 276–282
- Foreign trade: Embargo on, question of, 317–318, 319, 595–596, 602–603, 609; general, 374, 375–376, 389–390, 529
- Internal capitalistic system, 517–519, 523–524; currency problem in,
606
- International Express Co. (Kokusai Unyu),
expansion in North China, 363–364
- Measures by United Kingdom and United States
against Japan, possibility of, 173, 175, 177, 179–180
- Establishment of new regime in China
under Wang Ching-wei, question of, 130, 132, 143, 157, 208, 248–249, 260, 284, 286, 287, 297, 299, 310–511, 323–324, 487, 601, 602, 607, 771, 851–852, 861
- General position in China, U. S. analysis of, 174–176, 181–185, 193–194, 250–251, 268–269, 322–323, 506–507
- International conference to discuss China,
proposed, 135
- Nine Power Treaty (1922),
violation of, 146, 333, 407, 609
- Occupied areas of China (see
also
China: Customs problems; also
Interference, supra, and
Naval measures, infra): Military activities in,
148–152, 161, 206, 209, 265–266, 396; policies in, 126–127, 130–131, 148–152, 190, 276–282
- Peace proposals, 152,
155–157, 158, 159–160, 165, 167, 174, 177, 210–211, 214–215, 223, 262, 304, 310, 535; “peace assembly,” 192–193
- Trade restrictions in China. See
Interference: Restrictions, supra;
Naval measures, Shanghai, and
Tientsin, infra.
- Kiukiang Province, 148–152
- Kwangsi Province, Japanese invasion of, 766–767
- League of Nations. See
League of Nations.
- “Manchoukuo.” See under
Japan.
- Mediation and good offices (see also
Peace, infra): Anglo-American, consideration of, 167, 180, 211–212, 220, 276; Chinese
request for, 222; Inspector
General of Customs, suggestion by, 811–812; rumor of
German offers, 283, 313
- Military operations (see also
Military situation, infra):
- Atrocities and acts of terrorism (see also
Bombings, infra), 148–150
- Bombings: Attacks on civilians and
open towns, 339, 341–342; general, 118, 140, 161, 170, 343
- Ground operations: Haimen area, 779, 781; Hainan and the Spratly Islands,
occupation of, 103–123, 748, 779, 817; Kwangsi Province,
Japanese invasion of, 766–767;
Nanning, Japanese capture of, 88, 91, 109, 110, 716–717, 718–719, 766, 768–769;
occupied areas, Japanese activities in, 148–152, 161, 206, 209, 265–266, 396; Pakhoi, possible Japanese attack on,
107, 109, 110; Shansi Province, 140; Yunnanfu, Japanese attack on, 109
- Guerrilla warfare, 138–139, 141, 142, 144, 191–192
- Naval operations. See
Naval measures, infra.
- Military situation:
- China (see also
Foreign armed forces in
China, infra):
General, 127–128, 136, 160–161, 189, 206, 514–515; military requirements, cost of, 686
- Foreign armed forces in China,
question of withdrawal of (see
also the following, infra:
Shanghai: International Settlement
and
French Concession; Tientsin: British and French Concessions), 232, 238, 253–254, 266–267, 268, 270–271, 292–293
- Japan: Attempt to use Chinese troops, failure of,
301; general, 129, 136, 137–139, 161, 170, 287–288, 484, 506–507, 512–513, 769; Navy, 147,
206, 531; position in China,
287–288, 304–305, 312; supreme command of
armies in China, Japanese establishment of, 245–246
- “Moral embargo”. See
Sanctions, etc., infra.
- Nanning, Japanese capture of, 88, 91, 109, 110, 716–717, 718–719, 766, 768–769
- Naval measures by China and Japan along
coasts and in rivers of China, and effect on American and
other shipping, 774–800
- Measures by China to restrict foreign shipping,
785–786
- Measures by Japan to foster monopoly and restrict
foreign shipping and trade, and requests for foreign
nations to respect (see also
Canton: Pearl River, supra; Yangtze River: Freedom
of navigation, infra), 775, 776, 779–780, 781, 783, 784–785, 786, 787, 789, 790, 791, 794, 797;
British attitude, 797–799; U. S.
views and steps, 775–776, 786–787, 788, 799–800
- North China (see also
“Provisional Government”
and
Tientsin, infra,
and under
Interference: Banking
and
Restrictions, supra): British and French interest in, 86, 88;
fur and skin trade, Japanese interference with, 390, 393, 413–414, 415–416, 446
- North China Development Co., 278–279
- North China Economic Mission, 163–164
- Peace negotiations, question of (see also
Mediation, supra): Chinese National Government, 166–167, 168, 177–178, 243–244; Japan, 152, 155–157, 158, 159–160, 165, 167, 174, 177, 192–193, 210–211, 214–215, 223, 262, 304, 310
- Peiping: British and French forces in, possible withdrawal
of, 252–253, 314; exchange
control in, 379
- Peiping Government. See
“Provisional Government,”
infra.
- Protection of American lives and property in
China, U. S. measures regarding (see
also
Shanghai
and
Tientsin, infra):
- American armed forces in China, rôle of, 230–232, 293
- Bombing by Japan of American properties in China,
and steps taken by United States, 343
- Chinese monopolies and trade restrictions, U. S.
actions regarding, 662–663, 664–665, 666–667, 668–669, 670, 710, 714, 719–720
- Currency and foreign exchange restrictions, steps
taken for reservation of American rights in regard
to: Central China, 355,
358, 360–361, 363, 364, 383, 430, 432–433, 434–435, 471; North China, 371, 372, 373, 375–376, 463–464, 474; South
China, 421, 423–424, 430, 432–433, 434, 445–446, 447, 448, 449–450, 451, 452–453, 454
- Foreign armed forces in China. See under
Military situation, supra.
- Freedom of movement in China, restrictions imposed
by Japan, and U. S. steps taken, 354–355, 356, 357, 373
- Japanese assurances, 600, 601, 614, 625
- Measures by Japan to restrict navigation of
foreign vessels in Chinese waters, U. S. steps
regarding, 775–776, 786–787, 788, 793–794, 790–800
- Missionaries, 109,
110, 304
- Representations to Japan by United States, 255, 343, 354–355, 358, 371, 373, 386, 390, 410–418, 423, 447, 461, 462n
, 595, 657
- Right of Japanese to search American nationals,
question of, 384, 386, 387–388, 454, 466–467
- Tsinghua University, American protests at Japanese
actions in, 395–396
- “Provisional Government of the Republic of
China:”
- Banking, currency, and foreign exchange policies
and practices in North China. See
North China
under
Interference: Banking
and
Restrictions, supra.
- Chiang Kai-shek and Chinese National Government,
relations with, 124–126, 142–143, 144
- Chinese Communists, attitude toward, 124–126
- Japan, relations with, 185–186
- Japanese economic policy toward, 163–164
- “North China Economic Mission,” dispatch to Japan,
163–164
- Peace settlement, attitude toward, 139–140
- Rehabilitation work, 280
- “Reformed Government of the Republic of
China:” Currency regulations in Central China (see also
Central China
under
Interference: Banking
and
Restrictions, supra), 367, 395, 397, 471; monopolies,
441
- Sanctions against Japanese policies of
aggression and violation of treaty rights, consideration of;
use of so-called “moral embargo,” 475–558
- Aeronautic equipment and aviation gasoline, U. S.
embargo on, 549–550, 555–556, 557–558
- Analyses of situation by United States, 479–481, 483–485, 486, 489–490, 496–497, 499–500, 509, 516–521, 523–524, 530–533
- Chiang Kai-shek, attitude of, 688–689
- Economic and financial aid to Japan by United
States, question of, 545–546
- France, views of, 539,
541–543
- Isolation of Japan, question of, 612–613
- Japan’s attitude toward sanctions and “moral
embargo,” 5, 7, 122, 488, 495–496, 519, 557, 576
- Other nations, possible effects on, 491, 493, 518, 524n
, 531
- Sale of materials to Japan by United States,
question of, 475–478, 482–483, 488–489, 495–495,
503–504, 505, 521–523, 530, 549–550
- United Kingdom, views of, 478–479, 490–493, 497–499
- U. S. Congress, steps taken by, 533, 536, 550
- Shanghai:
- Concessions, Chinese restrictions on, 649–650, 655
- Courts, Chinese assertion of authority over, 317
- Customs problems, 843–845, 846–847, 855, 858, 859
- Economic and financial matters, 317, 355, 369–370, 394–395, 396–397, 398–399
- French Concession, question of
Japanese control over, 86, 88, 227–228, 234, 237, 239–240, 246–247, 272, 317
- International Settlement:
Extra-Settlement roads question, 101; French interest in,
39, 86, 88; Japanese control, question of, 227–228, 230–231, 234, 237, 239–240, 241–243, 252–253, 272; precautions and steps
to protect, 215–217
- Japanese monopoly of trade in, 465–466, 471, 472, 473
- Restriction of Chinese national currency by Japan,
317, 355, 396–397, 398
- Shantung Province, 416, 417, 418, 463
- South China. See
Canton, and
under
Interference: Banking
and
Restrictions, supra.
- Swatow, 466,
467–468, 469, 473, 786, 789, 849, 856, 859
- “Ta Tao Government”, 767
- Tientsin:
- British and French Concessions:
- Anglo-Japanese negotiations regarding, 679, 694
- Currency situation. See
Interference: Banking: North China, supra.
- Silver reserves in, 382, 432, 436, 438–439, 442, 638, 693, 694, 695
- Transportation of goods into, Japanese
restrictions on, 411,
415–416, 419, 674
- Withdrawal of troops, question of, 242, 244–245, 247, 252–253, 256–257, 258–259, 272, 289–292, 306–307, 313–314
- Chiang Kai-shek, interest of, 186–188
- Exchange control in, 379, 414–415
- Italian Concession, 228, 260
- Japanese Concession, 384, 386, 388, 389
- Transport and communications: Foreign
equipment in China, use of, 641,
642–643; internal improvements in China, 739–740; Japanese control of, 278, 279; supplies,
shipment to China (see also
Burma
and
Indo-China, supra), 240, 296, 328, 542, 716–717, 718–719, 757–758
- Tsinan, 265–266
- Tsingtao, Japanese trade and currency
restrictions in, 352, 374, 379, 383, 387, 391–392, 393, 468, 469–470, 472, 474
- “United Council of the Government of the Republic of
China,” 125–126
- United Kingdom (see also
Shanghai
and
Tientsin, supra):
- China, relations with: Financial aid to, 317, 335, 377, 637–641, 643, 648–649, 650–655, 667–668, 672–674, 680, 680–687, 693, 694–695, 699, 707–708; general policy and interests in, 8, 9, 13, 15, 18, 25, 77, 86, 88, 91, 125–126, 162, 167–169, 207–208, 299–300, 321, 377, 528, 665–666, 739; request by China for
war material, 746
- China Consortium, interest in proposed dissolution
of, 723, 729–730, 732, 735, 736
- Currency and foreign exchange restrictions in
China, interest in: Central China, 399, 465; North China, 373, 376–378, 388, 427, 440, 442–443, 647–648
- Currency stabilization, 168, 377, 665–666, 674–675, 677, 678–679, 680, 684–685, 686, 692–693, 695, 702
- Customs problems, steps regarding, 800–801, 802, 810, 815, 843–845, 849, 856, 861–864 “Provisional Government of the Republic
of China,” non-recognition of, 431
- Shipment of war material through British
territory, question of, 760, 761, 764
- Withdrawal of British troops from China, question
of, 215–217, 256–257, 272, 283, 289–292, 294–295, 305, 306–307, 313–314
- Wang Ching-wei (see also
Japan: Establishment of new regime, supra), 72, 83, 90–91, 100, 109, 124, 127, 133, 135–136, 145, 158–159, 167, 192–193, 197, 208, 323–325, 767
- Wu Pei-fu, 130, 131–132, 134, 157
- Yangtze River:
- Freedom of navigation, restrictions on, 126, 355, 358, 360–361, 363, 364, 383, 433, 434–435, 445–446, 447, 448, 449–450, 451, 452–453, 455–457, 465, 598, 633, 635, 774–775, 780–783, 785, 793, 794–797, 798–799, 819
- Port cities, situation in, 777–778
- Restrictions on foreign nationals traveling to
ports, 354–355, 356, 357, 373
- Withdrawal of British Navy, possibility of, 247, 329
- Yangtze River Valley, Japanese control of, 90, 100–101
- Yunnan Railway, shipment of supplies via, 115
- Union of South Africa, 513
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See
Soviet Union.
- United Kingdom (see also under
Undeclared war):
- Germany, relations with, 18, 74
- Italy, relations with, 9–10
- Japan, relations with:
- Anglo-Japanese customs agreement. See
under
China: Customs
problems.
- Arms and munitions, supply to Japan, 736–737
- Credit extended to Japan, 501–503
- Economic retaliation against Japan, possibility of, 173, 175, 177, 179
- General, 6–7, 14, 20, 23,
25, 42–43, 44, 55,
56, 59, 60, 64–65,
68–69, 72, 85, 86,
92, 97, 101, 143–144, 162–163, 167–169, 172, 187–189, 207–208, 213–214, 220, 232, 241, 246–247, 318–319, 349, 565–566, 572–573, 651, 693, 694, 845
- Restrictions by Japan on currency and foreign exchange,
steps regarding: Central China, 401, 405, 406, 412, 420; North
China, 373, 379, 388, 406–407, 452, 677, 682–683, 708–709
- Sanctions against Japan, views regarding, 478–479, 490–493, 497–499
- Spratly Islands, British claims regarding, 112, 117
- Trade with, 529, 638, 646
- Tripartite military alliance of Axis powers, British
attitude toward, 5, 6–9, 13, 15,
20–21, 27, 34, 36,
38, 39–40, 61; Anglo-Japanese conversations,
48
- War with, possibility of, 18,
31, 37–38, 122, 215–217, 230–232, 484, 491, 497, 507
- League of Nations, activity in, 331,
333, 334–335, 340
- Soviet Union, relations with, 18–19, 26, 27, 30, 32, 38, 39, 41, 42–43, 44, 45–46, 48, 51–52, 65, 74, 77, 220
- Termination of treaty of commerce and navigation between United
States and Japan (1911), attitude toward,
435, 571–573
- World Empire, end of, 513
- United States Steel Corp., 482
- Universal Leaf Tobacco Co., 385–386, 391, 393, 445, 461–462, 463, 469–470, 472
- U. S. Congress: Aid to China (“lending and spending” bill), 700; civilians in foreign countries, relief of,
554–555;
sanctions against Japan, discussion of, 533,
536, 550
- U. S. Marines, 227, 228
- U. S. S. Astoria, visit to Japan, 22, 23, 31
- Wang Ching-wei. See under
Undeclared war.
- War in Europe: Attitude of President Roosevelt toward
possibility of, 165; Chinese attitude, 235–236; Japanese
attitude, 228, 252,
298, 621, 792
- Yokohama Specie Bank, 366, 399, 402, 410, 414, 427, 843, 845, 858
- Yugoslavia, 334