Index

• Agreements. See Treaties, conventions, etc.
• Airplanes. See Undeclared war: Arms and munitions and Military operations: Air operations.
• Amasia Co., 83, 85
• American Advisory Committee in China, 572, 573, 574
• American Locomotive Sales Corp., 458, 463
• Amoy Island, 314, 316, 322, 383, 391
• Andersen, Meyer and Co., 459
• Anti-Comintern pact (1937), 585, 592, 594
• Arms and munitions (see also under Undeclared war): British sale to China, 588, 589; Soviet supplies to China, 585
• Asiatic Petroleum Co., 21, 37, 39, 48, 115, 145, 177, 200
• Associated American Industries, Inc., 443, 489–490, 492–493
• Aviation. See Undeclared war: Arms and munitions and Military operations: Air operations.
• Bank of China, 2, 3, 4, 13, 16, 17, 20, 513
• Bank of Communications, 2, 3, 13, 17, 20
• Berlin–Rome–Tokyo Axis, 585, 592, 594
• Boxer Indemnity funds, 294, 550, 575–579
• British-American Tobacco Co. (see also Yee Tsoong Tobacco Co., Ltd.), 15, 57, 61, 74, 543–544
• British Imperial Airways, 454, 465
• Carolina Leaf Tobacco Co., 366, 387, 471, 483–484
• Censorship, Japanese: At Hankow, 231–232, 277; at Shanghai, 116–117, 217–218, 235, 277, 280; censorship of American mail, 51; removal of press censorship in Japan, 604
• Central Bank of China. See Bank of China.
• Central China. See under Undeclared war.
• Central China Telecommunications Co., 50, 432–433, 441, 449, 526–527, 538, 554
• Chase National Bank of New York, 510, 512, 513
• Chiang Kai-shek, 2, 153, 205, 206, 306, 418, 513, 576
• China (see also Undeclared war):
  • Acquiescence of American cable companies in Japanese censorship, Chinese representations concerning, 231–232, 233, 239
  • American rights and interests in China. See Undeclared war; Interference, Naval measures, and Protection.
  • Appeals by China to United States to resist Japanese encroachment on Chinese sovereignty, 220–221, 231–232, 469–470, 541, 556
  • Arms and munitions. See under Undeclared war.
  • Boxer Indemnity funds, 294, 550; objections by U. S. State Department to change in administration, 575–579
  • Chiang Kai-shek, 2, 153, 205, 206, 306, 418, 513, 576
  • Cotton, wheat, and flour credits of 1931 and 1933, Japanese threat to, 230, 236, 312–313
  • Customs regulations, 34, 58–59, 75
  • Exchange of radio messages between American firms and Japanese station in Shanghai, Chinese representations concerning, 251, 291, 294, 469–470, 475–477
  • Free market in China and unpaid claims by China due to abnormal conditions, U. S. concern regarding, 579–583
  • Germany, relations with, 229, 319
  • Japan: Demands on China, 112–113; general policy toward China, 585, 588–589, 597–601, 604
  • Narcotics traffic in parts of China under Japanese military control, problem of controlling, 558–571; U. S. views, 563–571
  • Nationalist Government:
    • Foreign exchange and currency control policy, effect on American interests, and U. S. concern regarding, 2–6, 8, 13, 16–18, 20, 40–41, 42–43, 55, 100–101, 113–114
    • Japanese refusal to deal with, 597–598, 604
  • “Open door.” See “Open door” policy.
  • Protection of American lives and property. See under Undeclared war.
  • Railways:
    • Bombing by Japan, 289, 371, 455, 488, 491, 494
    • Canton–Hankow Railway, 194, 371, 414, 415–416, 420, 455, 461, 488, 491, 494, 525
    • Canton–Hong Kong Railway (Canton–Kowloon Railway), 188, 488, 491, 497
    • Lunghai Railway, 319, 340, 487
    • Peiping–Hankow (Kinhan) Railway, 319, 334, 487, 583
    • Peiping–Mukden Railway, 383, 392
    • Peiping-Suiyuan (Pingsui) Railway, 459, 463, 583
    • Tientsin–Pukow (Tsinpu) Railway, 146, 457
    • Tsingtao–Tsinanfu (Shantung) Railway, 308, 321, 383, 388, 426, 457, 466
  • Relief activities in United States on behalf of war victims, 571–575
  • Taxation, question of payment by Americans of land tax in Tientsin, 319; automobile and bicycle tax in Chefoo, 433, 435, 582; transit taxes in Kwangtung, 581–582
  • Transfer of Chinese property to American registry, question of, 376–377, 381–382, 384, 386, 387, 389–390, 443, 484–485, 489–490, 492–493, 524–525, 527, 532–533, 534, 540–541, 543, 547–548, 549–550, 552
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 229, 231; sale of arms to China, 588–589
• China Foundation for Promotion of Education and Culture, 294, 575–576, 577, 578
• China Merchants Steam Navigation Co., 376–377, 381–382, 384, 386, 387, 389–390, 484–485, 524–525, 527, 532–533, 540–541, 543, 550, 552
• China National Aviation Co., 451, 454, 459, 460, 473, 474, 477, 499
• Commercial Pacific Cable Co., 441, 449, 470–471, 480–482, 485–486, 526–527, 555, 556
• Commercial treaties and agreements. See under Treaties, conventions, etc.
• Communism, 479, 592, 594
• Conventions. See Treaties, conventions, etc.
• Denmark, 231–232, 441, 471, 478
• Diplomatic and consular relations. See under Undeclared war.
• Eastern Extension Telegraph Co., 441, 555
• Embargoes. See under Undeclared war: Interference.
• Eurasia Aviation Co., 454, 499
• Export-Import Bank of Washington, 236, 312–313
• Fan Biological Institute of Peiping, 294, 295
• Federal Communications Commission, 469
• France. See under Undeclared war.
• Freedom of navigation. See under Undeclared war: Canton and Yangtze Valley area.
• Germany:
  • China, relations with, 229, 319
  • Japan, relations with: Anti-Comintern pact (1937), 585, 592, 594; general, 86, 216, 542
• Great Britain. See United Kingdom.
• Great Northern Telegraph Co., 441, 555
• Hong Kong: Banking problems, 3, 4, 5; general, 75, 188, 589; transshipment through Hong Kong of Japanese textiles for Philippines, 619–620, 624, 625
• Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corp., 42, 55
• Hunt, William and Co., 376, 381, 384, 387, 390, 484, 485, 524, 527, 532, 540, 543, 547–548, 549–550, 552
• Inner Mongolia: Japanese oil monopoly, 22, 29, 37, 38–39, 41–42, 44, 46, 47–48, 53; Japanese wool embargo, 79
• International Export Co., 373–374, 385n, 411
• Iran, shipment of opium from, 559–566
• Italy: Anti-Comintern pact (1937), 585, 592, 594; general, 118, 215
• Japan (see also Undeclared war), 585–626
  • Agreement between United States and Japan regarding textile exports to Philippines, renewal of, 619–626
  • Anti-Semitism in, 594
  • Araki, General, 590, 591–593, 600, 601, 602
  • Arita, Hachiro (Foreign Minister), 80–82, 86, 87–89, 90, 93–95, 98, 106, 107, 108, 111, 112, 198
  • China: Japanese demands on, 112–113; Japanese general policy toward, 585, 588–589, 597–601, 604
  • Communism, measures against, 592, 594
  • Embargoes. See under Undeclared war: Interference.
  • France, relations with. See under Undeclared war.
  • Germany, relations with: Anti-Comintern pact (1937), 585, 592, 594; general, 75, 86, 216, 542
  • Hirota, Koki, 252, 377
  • Homma, General, 251, 253
  • Internal political developments and trend toward totalitarianism, 585–612
    • Ascendancy of military elements, 587, 590–591, 595, 599–600, 606–607
    • Cabinet changes and reorganization, 587, 596–604, 607, 611
    • China Board, establishment of, 603, 604, 605–607, 612
    • Mobilization of national resources, 585, 586, 590–591, 595–596, 597, 598, 607–608, 610
    • Political parties, status of, and consideration of national party, 589–590, 594–595, 607, 608–610
  • Itagaki, General Seishiro, 601, 602, 603
  • Italy, relations with: Anti-Comintern pact (1937), 585, 592, 594; general, 118, 215
  • Konoye, Prince Fumimaro (Premier), 54, 56, 59, 65, 66, 68–69, 71, 111, 518; policies and political status of, 585, 590, 595, 596, 597–600, 606, 609–611
  • Matsui, General Iwane, 228, 252, 271
  • Narcotics traffic. See under China and “Manchoukuo”.
  • “New order” in East Asia, 81, 98, 99, 101, 105, 106, 108, 111, 113, 609–610
  • Oil monopolies. See Oil monopolies. Sanctions against, question of, 55, 72, 88, 94, 99–100
  • Sugiyama, General Hajime, 599, 600–601, 603, 604
  • Suetsugu, Admiral Nobumasa, 586, 587–590, 595, 600, 610
  • Taxation, application to U. S. citizens of special taxes for support of hostilities in China, U. S. representations against, 612–618
  • Terauchi, Count (General), 25, 46, 268, 301
  • Termination of war in China, Japanese desire for, 598–599, 601, 609
  • Textile exports to Philippines, agreement with United States concerning, renewal of, 619–626
  • Tripartite bloc, 87, 88, 95, 101, 108, 111
  • Ugaki, General Kazushige, 28, 31, 171, 413, 600, 601, 605
  • United Kingdom, relations with. See under United Kingdom.
• Jardine, Matheson & Co., 406, 550
• Jehol, 558, 565
• League of Nations: Opium Advisory Committee, 558, 560–568 passim, 570; sanctions against Japan, 55, 94
• Macao, 460, 465, 472, 474, 475, 495, 502; narcotics traffic through, 559–563
• Mackay Radio and Telegraph Co., 218, 242, 251, 288, 291, 294, 432–433, 469, 476–477
• “Manchoukuo”:
  • Discrimination by Japan against American interests, 11, 12, 25, 48–49, 55, 56, 59, 64; British interests, 14
  • Miscellaneous, 84, 88, 95, 101, 108, 111, 112, 404, 432
  • Narcotics traffic, 558, 562, 565, 566
  • Recognition of, 585, 586
• Manchuria. See “Manchoukuo.”
• Missionaries. See under Undeclared war: Protection.
• Mongolia. See Inner Mongolia.
• Monocacy. See under Undeclared war: Incidents.
• Most-favored-nation principle, 64, 88
• Narcotics traffic. See under China and “Manchoukuo.”
• National City Bank of New York, 16, 17, 352, 549
• Navigation, freedom of. See Freedom of navigation under Undeclared war: Canton and Yangtze Valley area.
• Netherlands, 316–318, 335
• North China. See under Undeclared war.
• Oil monopolies, Japanese:
  • In Inner Mongolia, 22, 29, 37, 38–39, 41–42, 44, 46, 47–48, 53; in North China, 13–14, 15, 21–22, 25, 29–30, 44
  • U. S. representations and Japanese assurances, question of, 23–24, 26, 27, 29, 32, 33–34, 35–37, 38, 39, 41, 43–44, 66, 73, 77–78, 83–85
• “Open door” policy, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 25, 31, 47–55 passim, 61, 65, 71, 77, 80, 84, 88, 90, 94, 95, 101, 107, 195, 292
• Opium. See Narcotics traffic under China and “Manchoukuo”.
• Pan American Airways, 295, 305, 451, 459, 465, 474, 475, 477
• Panay, sinking of (1937). See under Undeclared war.
• Philippines, agreement between United States and Japan regarding textile exports to, renewal of, 619–626
• Portugal, 495–496, 562–563
• President Coolidge. See under Undeclared war: Incidents.
• Radio Corporation of America, 217–218, 222, 225, 242, 245–246, 271–272, 277, 284, 287, 288, 324, 432, 433, 469, 476–477
• Red Cross, 322, 571–572, 574–575
• Refugee and relief activity (see also Undeclared war: Protection: Evacuation, Missionaries, and Safety zones), 571–575
• Roosevelt, Franklin D. (President): Concern with China relief, 571–572, 574, 575; conversation with Admiral William D. Leahy regarding U. S. S. Monocacy, 178; message to Prince Konoye, 54, 55, 56, 59, 105; views concerning situation in China, 243, 250, 255–257
• Sanctions against Japan, question of, 55, 72, 88, 94, 99–100
• Smith Co., Werner G., 345, 349, 359, 367, 384–418 passim, 435–436, 442, 443–445, 449, 505–506, 535, 539, 549
• Smuggling, opium, 562, 564
• South China. See under Undeclared war.
• South Manchuria Railway Co., 22, 294, 459
• Soviet Union, 585, 588
• Spain, 585
• Standard Oil Co. and Standard-Vacuum Oil Co., 13, 21, 22, 23, 109, 155, 156, 157, 158, 164, 166, 177, 184, 186, 200, 207–209, 212, 213, 220, 221, 227, 234–235, 282, 315, 337, 347, 360, 369, 371, 374, 383, 400, 404, 424, 436, 459, 466–468, 472, 488, 502, 513–514, 518, 525, 553, 579–580
• Tariff Act of 1930, 63
• Texas Oil Co., 21, 109, 115, 220, 221, 227, 234, 337, 360, 369, 383, 400, 411, 419, 429, 430
• “Trading with the Enemy Act” (1917), 250n, 257
• Treaties, conventions, etc.:
  • Agreement for rendition of Shanghai Mixed Court (1930), 136
  • Anglo-Japanese treaty of commerce and navigation (1899), 615
  • Anti-Comintern pact (1937), 585, 592, 594
  • Commercial treaties and agreements: Japan–United Kingdom (1899), 614; U. S.–Japan (see also Japan: Agreement), treaty of 1911, 612–618
  • Hague Convention (1907), 316–318, 336
  • London Naval Treaty (1930), 588
  • Madrid Telecommunications Convention (1932), 486
  • Narcotics Limitation Convention of 1931, 566, 569, 571
  • Nine Power Treaty (1922), 71, 82, 89, 90, 107, 111
  • Portsmouth, Treaty of (1905), 111
  • Sino-Soviet non-aggression pact (1937), 585
  • Whangpoo Conservancy Agreements of 1901 and 1912, 175
• Undeclared war between Japan and China, 1–583
  • Air operations. See Military operations: Air operations and Bombings, infra.
  • Amoy Island: Bombardment and occupation by Japan, 314, 316, 322, 383; return of foreign nationals to, 391
  • Anglo-American consultations; Currency and foreign exchange restrictions of Japan in China, 6–10, 16, 17, 99–102; evacuation of nationals from China, 497–498, 499, 504, 509, 519, 520, 522, 528; foreign cable companies at Shanghai, position of, 553–554; interference by Japan with foreign commercial aircraft in China, 457, 464n; oil monopoly, Japanese, 25, 42; restrictions placed by Japan on foreign shipping, 149, 161, 166, 192–194, 197–202; Shanghai, situation in, 120–123; violations by Japan of foreign rights and interests in China, 69–72, 103
  • Arms and munitions, Chinese: Aircraft manufactured by American-operated factory in Hankow, 234–235, 240; concentration for defense of Hankow, 401, 414–416; transportation in junks, 148, 168
  • Bombings. See under Military operations, infra.
  • Canton (see also South China, infra):
    • Economic and financial problems: Banking and foreign exchange, 16, 17; customs, 548–549
    • Evacuation of American nationals, 356–357, 491, 493, 494, 497, 500, 501–504, 508–509, 519, 546
    • Freedom of navigation on Pearl River, Japanese interference with, 144, 145, 147, 188, 190, 194, 199
    • Military operations: Bombings, 144, 343, 344, 345, 349–350, 371, 472, 488, 491; general, 502, 505, 508, 519, 522, 525, 549
    • Situation in, 144, 148, 194–195
  • Casualties, 221–222, 292, 344, 391, 465, 514, 519, 520, 545, 553
  • Central China, 306, 346, 407, 408, 409, 417–418, 419, 432, 440, 441, 517, 524, 534–535
  • Chefoo: Banking and foreign exchange problems, 40–41, 42–43, 49, 55–56; incidents involving U. S. Navy personnel and Japanese police, 159, 160–161, 162–163; Japanese restrictions on American trade, 102, 356, 383, 384; situation in, 146–147
  • Chekiang, 344, 488–489, 580, 581
  • Chengchow, 268, 270, 271, 276, 289, 334
  • China (see also Central China, supra, North China and South China, infra):
    • American relief activities on behalf of victims of war conditions, 571–575
    • Measures by China to prevent damage to American and other foreign property, 217, 222–223, 271, 285, 417
    • Measures by China to restrict foreign shipping, 144, 145, 153, 193, 205
    • Military program and strategy, 401, 417–418, 491, 494
    • Use of American and other foreign flags and property by Chinese to avoid attack, question of, 407–408, 484–485, 507, 524–525, 527, 532–533, 534, 540–541, 543, 547–548, 549–550, 552
  • China Board, 1–2, 54, 65, 603, 604, 605–607, 612
  • Damage to and looting of American and other foreign property by Japan, and Japanese atrocities in China: Canton, 345, 549; Chengchow, 270–271, 344; general, 240, 264, 274, 277–278, 284, 288, 290, 292–293, 297–298, 302, 320, 342–343, 344, 382, 388, 390–391, 411–412, 440, 450–451, 472, 478–480, 481, 488, 501, 514–515, 529, 536–537, 543–544; Haichow, 334–335; Hangchow, 250, 254, 256; Nanking, 221–222, 224, 226–228, 232, 233–234, 237–239, 243–245, 247–249, 258, 260–263, 265–267, 269, 278–280, 282–283, 292, 478; Shanghai, 366–367, 417, 471–472, 531–532
  • Declaration of war by Japan, consideration of, 589
  • Denmark, 471, 478
  • Diplomatic and consular relations (see also Anglo-American consultations, supra):
    • Administrative problems in Peiping, 285–286, 300–301
    • Return of Embassy personnel to Nanking, question of, 229, 230, 237
    • Illegal inspection by Japan of Diplomatic Missions in Peiping, U. S. protests against, 298–299
    • Violations of U. S. Embassy property at Nanking by Japanese, question of, 221–222, 224, 226–228, 244–245, 247–249, 269, 278–280
  • Foochow, 318, 322, 323, 333, 363
  • France: Disagreement with Japan relative to Diplomatic Quarter in Peiping, 285–286; general, 300–301, 317, 351–352, 530; rights and interests in China, Japanese violations and French views concerning, 11, 12, 85–86, 148, 196; Shanghai, situation in, 122, 215, 218—219
  • Germany, 75, 86, 216, 542
  • Haichow, 334–335
  • Hangchow, 249–250, 254, 256, 573
  • Hankow: Banking and foreign exchange problems, 16, 17, 19, 20; bombing of, 343, 346; conditions in, 478–480, 529, 543, 556; evacuation of American nationals and measures to protect lives and property, 223, 267–268, 276, 331, 351–352, 361–362, 401, 528; Japanese strategy, 293, 464, 521, 599; martial law declared, 523; restrictions imposed by Japan on movement of foreign nationals, 103; terrorist activity against Japan, source of, 134
  • Honan, 257, 342–343, 344
  • Hopei, 285, 320–321, 445
  • Incidents:
    • Assaults on American nationals by Japanese military, question of, 341, 357–358, 363–366, 368, 369, 372–373, 392–393, 397, 406, 407, 412–414, 415, 420–421, 422, 423–424, 427–428, 430–431, 437–439, 501, 536–539, 541, 542–543, 544
    • Keelung incident, 423
    • Miscellaneous, 146, 147, 154, 158–159, 160–162, 190, 191, 193, 197, 203, 207, 386, 413–414
    • Monocacy, 153, 156, 157–158, 160, 161, 164–167, 168–174, 176–177, 178–182, 184, 207
    • Panay, sinking of (1937), 146, 150, 157, 161, 399, 585; settlement of case by Japan, 209–214
    • President Coolidge, 510, 511, 512, 513, 516, 521, 541
    • U. S. Navy personnel and Japanese police at Chefoo, 159, 160–161, 162–163
  • Interference by Japan with American treaty rights and with equality of commercial opportunity in China, 1–115
    • Banking, currency, and foreign exchange policies and practices of Japan in North China, 2–8, 11–13, 20–21, 40–41, 42–43, 45–46, 47, 49–50, 55, 58, 60, 61–62, 74, 76, 77, 78, 83, 97–98, 100–101, 104, 109, 110, 113–114, 307–308
    • Embargoes imposed by Japan in North China, U. S. representations against and Japanese assurances regarding, 23–24, 25–29, 30–31, 32–37, 38, 39–40, 41, 43–44, 45, 58, 60–61, 66, 72–73, 77–78, 79, 83–85, 86, 110, 327, 349, 375
    • Monopolies imposed by Japan, 13–15, 21–23, 25, 29–30, 31, 37, 38–39, 41–42, 44, 46, 47–48, 50–51, 52, 53, 57, 63, 67, 76, 104, 110, 112
    • Restrictions imposed by Japanese military authorities in North China, 1–2, 25, 27–29, 31–36, 40–44, 46, 51–52, 54, 58, 61–63, 68, 75, 79, 86, 98, 101, 102–104, 108–110, 327, 330
    • Sanctions against Japan, consideration of, 55, 72, 88, 94, 99–100
  • International Settlement at Shanghai:
    • American interest in Japanese demands affecting integrity of International Settlement, 116–143
      • Extension of Settlement boundaries to include outside road areas, question of, 132, 133, 135
      • Foreign powers, views and actions, 120–127 passim, 139, 143, 215, 338–339
      • Suppression of anti-Japanese and terrorist elements, question of, 69, 70, 116–117, 119, 133–134, 135–138, 141, 314
    • Assumption of control of consolidated tax office by Japanese military, U. S. representations against, 230, 236, 312–313
    • Control of land records, Japanese demands for and views of U. S. State Department concerning, 408–409, 416
    • Municipal Council: Jurisdiction over northern settlement, question of, 70, 116–117, 118, 124–125, 127–131, 138–143; police matters, 214–216, 219, 220–221, 228–229
  • Italy, 118, 215
  • Japan (see also Military operations and Naval measures: Measures by Japan, infra):
    • Administration of occupied territory (see also “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,” “Reformed Government of the Republic of China,” and Shanghai, infra): China Board, 1–2, 54, 65, 603, 604, 605–607, 612; control by Tokyo Government of Japanese military in China, problem of, 236, 241, 243, 253, 518; “Ta Tao Government,” 132, 138–139, 142
    • Declaration of war by Japan, consideration of, 589
    • Measures by Japan to protect foreign nationals and property in China, question of (see also Protection of American lives, infra), 214–215, 216, 217, 223, 236, 240, 241, 245, 247–248, 252, 253, 256, 268, 270, 271, 276, 279, 281, 283, 289, 295, 299–500, 306–307, 309, 311–312, 314–315, 319, 321, 334, 340, 342, 346, 350–351, 360, 393–394, 400–401, 405, 407–408, 414–415, 437, 464, 486–487, 491–492, 495, 497, 500, 522, 528, 530, 534–535, 546, 551
    • Sanctions against Japan, consideration of, 55, 72, 88, 94, 99–100
  • Joint action and representations by various foreign powers: Flights in China of third party aircraft, 456, 457, 465, 481; general, 225, 441, 450, 456, 478; Japanese censorship and control of cable service in Shanghai, 281, 471, 486, 527, 537–538, 544–545, 553–554; neutral international radio service at Shanghai, proposal for, 277; restrictions placed by Japan on foreign shipping in China, 149, 160, 161, 196, 198, 200–202, 204, 205; violations by Japan of foreign rights and interests in China, 6–13, 16, 17, 25, 42, 67–72, 99–103; Whangpoo Conservancy Board, Japanese interference with, 152–153, 175–176, 177, 178, 182–185
  • Kiangsu, 273, 343, 344
  • Kiukiang, evacuation of Americans from, 361–362, 391–392, 394–395, 398, 401, 404–405
  • Kuling, evacuation of Americans from, 361–362, 391–392, 394–395, 398, 409, 417–418, 524, 526, 556
  • Kwangsi, 472, 481, 487, 491
  • Kwangtung. See South China, infra.
  • Kwantung army, 46
  • Liuchow, bombing of, 472
  • Military operations:
    • Air operations (see also Bombings, infra): Attacks by Japan on third party commercial aircraft in China, 451–452, 454, 455, 456, 457, 459, 460–462, 464–465, 473–475, 477–478, 481, 499; general, 144, 146, 154–155, 156, 161, 268, 271, 295, 300, 340, 344, 346, 487, 531, 534
    • Bombings:
      • Chinese, 219, 229, 230, 300
      • Japanese: American missions, 256, 334–335, 342–343, 344, 456, 472, 481–482, 488, 514–515, 517–519, 520, 523–524, 531, 536, 545, 546, 551, 553, 556–557; Chinese cities and territory, 144, 154, 190–191, 270, 276, 289, 297, 314, 316, 343–346, 349–350, 371–372, 388, 390–391, 401, 414–416, 455, 465–466, 472, 487–488, 491, 498, 523, 545, 546; railways in China, 289, 371, 455, 488, 491, 494
    • Ground operations, 154, 156–157, 164, 186, 190, 192, 194–195, 292, 316, 319, 320–321, 322, 353–354, 359, 360, 388, 401, 405, 599
    • Guerrilla warfare, 150, 194–195, 206, 285, 292–293, 312, 315, 327, 388, 392, 429, 440, 445, 448, 460, 464, 465–466, 551
    • Naval operations (see also Naval measures, infra), 144, 145, 147, 153, 154–155, 167–168, 177, 180–181, 186–187, 190, 191, 192, 193, 197, 199, 202, 204–207, 314, 316, 340, 398, 494
    • Program and strategy: Chinese, 401, 417–418, 491, 494; Japanese, 319, 405, 407–408, 463–464, 478, 487, 491, 494, 497, 505, 525, 531, 534, 546, 599
  • Nanking: Chinese bombing of, 229, 230, 300; general situation in, 91–92, 221–222, 259, 291, 354, 368–369, 383, 384, 479, 573, 585, 589; Japanese bombing of, 465–466; violations of U. S. Embassy and other American property, 221–222, 224, 226–228, 232–234, 244–245, 247–249, 258, 260–263, 265–267, 269, 278–280, 282–283, 292
  • Nanking Government. See “Reformed Government of the Republic of China,” infra.
  • Naval measures by China and Japan along coasts and in rivers of China, effect on American and other shipping, 143–209
    • Measures by China to restrict foreign shipping, 144, 145, 153, 193, 205
    • Measures by Japan to foster monopoly and restrict foreign shipping and trade, and requests for foreign nations to respect (see also Freedom of navigation under Canton, supra, and Yangtze Valley area, infra), 143, 145, 147–148, 149–150, 152, 154–155, 157, 164–166, 168, 169, 172–174, 177, 178–181, 186–194, 197, 199, 200–203, 204–208, 329–330, 333, 339, 382–386, 394, 466–468, 505–506, 541, 548–549; U. S. views and representations, and Japanese assurances, 149, 150–151, 152, 156, 157–159, 161–162, 164–167, 168–174, 177, 178–182, 184, 185–189, 193, 194, 195, 200–202, 204, 205, 207–209, 330, 345, 352, 356, 359–360, 367, 385, 390, 394, 395, 399–400, 402–403, 405–406, 410–411, 412, 418, 435–437, 442, 443–445, 449, 468, 475, 484, 493–494, 506, 513, 539–540
  • Netherlands, 316–318, 335
  • North China (see also Interference, supra; “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,” infra):
    • Economic and financial matters: Exchange control, question of international supervision, 7, 9, 10; Federated Reserve Bank, 2–8 passim, 11, 13, 15, 18, 19, 21, 41, 42, 50, 55, 56, 58, 60, 62, 76, 97, 100, 101, 307–308, 383; oil monopoly, 13–14, 15, 21–22, 25, 29–30, 44; taxation by Japan of foreign residents and re-registration of land titles in North China, U. S. views regarding, 313, 319, 331–332
    • Miscellaneous, 404, 445, 459, 583
    • Visit of U. S. Asiatic Fleet to North China waters, 145–147
  • Panay, sinking of (1937), 146, 150, 157, 161, 399, 585; settlement of case by Japan, 209–214
  • Peiping Government. See “Provisional Government of the Republic of China,” infra.
  • Pei-tai-ho, British protection of, 445–446, 458
  • Progress of war in China, 586, 588, 596
  • Protection of American lives and property in China, U. S. measures regarding, 214–558
    • Compensations, indemnifications, and apologies by Japan for various incidents and bombings, question of, 220, 224, 226–227, 237–239, 243, 244, 248, 250, 252, 253, 254, 255–257, 258, 260–267, 269–270, 272, 273–275, 276–277, 278–280, 282, 287–288, 289–290, 292, 297–298, 302, 316–318, 332, 367, 369, 371, 378, 387, 396, 397, 420–421, 501, 507–508, 531, 536, 539, 542–543, 544, 551, 553
    • Evacuation of American nationals from China, problem of: Canton, 356–357, 491, 493, 494, 497, 500, 501–504, 508–509, 519, 546; Foochow, 318; Hankow, 267–268, 352, 361, 401; Kiukiang, 361–362, 391–592, 394–395, 398, 401, 404–405; Ruling, 361–362, 391–392, 394–395, 398, 409, 417–418, 524, 526, 556; provincial areas, 241–242, 257, 321, 353, 535; Swatow, 372; Tientsin, 542; Wuchow, 519
    • Freedom of movement in China: Restrictions imposed by China, 488–489; restrictions imposed by Japan, U. S. representations against, 302–305, 310–311, 314–315, 325–326, 327–328, 332, 338–339, 426, 431, 445, 448, 501, 523, 528–530, 534, 549
    • Japanese military protection of Americans in China, U. S. views regarding, 308–309, 321, 328, 408, 410
    • Missionaries and mission property (see also Damage, and Military operations: Bombings: Japanese, supra):
      • Evacuation of Japanese troops from mission property, question of, 301–302, 313, 315, 336, 358, 378–379, 386, 417, 434–435, 452–454, 485, 486, 557–558
      • Missionaries’ dangers and problems, 356, 362, 373, 380, 388, 394, 421–422, 428, 431, 434, 447–448, 450, 517, 536, 537, 543, 549, 556
    • Representations to Japan and U. S. efforts concerning violations of rights and interests in China and losses from various incidents and bombings, question of, 218, 223, 224, 226–227, 228–229, 232–233, 234, 244–245, 248, 251, 253, 255–257, 258, 259, 262, 264, 265, 267, 272, 278, 282, 290, 292, 293, 294, 296–297, 299–300, 302–305, 310, 318, 320, 335, 337–338, 345, 348, 352, 357–358, 363–366, 368, 371–372, 375–378, 380, 382, 387, 393–394, 411–412, 419, 427–428, 429, 430–431, 440, 446, 448, 449, 450, 451–452, 454, 455–456, 459, 473–475, 477–478, 481–482, 483–484, 488, 498, 502, 545, 546, 547, 55, 3, 556–557
    • Requests of American nationals for U. S. protection and assistance, question of, 222, 223, 225, 231, 235, 240, 242–243, 247, 290, 302, 328–329, 424–427, 429, 430, 462, 471; Chinese property transferred to American registry, question of U. S. protection, 341–342, 376–377, 381–382, 384, 386–390, 443, 489–490, 492–493, 524–525, 527, 532–533, 534, 540–541, 543, 547–548, 549–550, 552
    • Return of Americans and other foreign nationals to stations in China, question of, 229, 230, 291–292, 293, 296, 299–300, 302–305, 310–311, 315, 320, 336–337, 347, 352, 358, 359, 362, 368–369, 370, 373–374, 391, 400, 440, 457, 458, 460, 463, 465, 531–532
    • Safety zones, establishment of, 480, 500; U. S. requests to Japan to respect, 418, 419, 482–483, 509
    • Yangtze Valley area, 151, 160, 161, 164–167, 179, 189
  • “Provisional Government of the Republic of China” (see also North China, and Japan: Administration of occupied territory, supra):
    • Boxer Indemnity funds, proposal for changes in administration of, 575
    • Chinese terrorist activity, 298–299
    • Economic and financial matters: Banking and exchange control, 2–7, 11–13, 16, 19, 20–21, 24, 61–62, 66, 74, 78–79, 80, 82–83, 99–102; embargoes, 28, 44–45, 58–59, 72–73; monopolies, 13–14, 21, 50–51
    • Illegal inspection by Japan of Diplomatic Missions, U. S. protests against, 298–299
  • Red Cross, 322, 571–572, 574–575
  • “Reformed Government of the Republic of China” (see also Central China, and Japan: Administration of occupied territory, supra): Control of land records and interference with customs at Shanghai, 409, 510–511, 521; miscellaneous, 20, 133, 139, 565; participation in Central China Telecommunications Co., 432, 555–556
  • Refugee and relief activity (see also Protection: Evacuation, Missionaries, and Safety zones, supra), 571–575.
  • Sanctions against Japan, consideration of, 55, 72, 88, 94, 99–100
  • Shanghai (see also International Settlement, supra):
    • American relief activities, 572, 573
    • Banking and exchange control problems, 3–4, 5, 16, 18
    • British protests to Japan concerning situation in, 65, 68, 69, 70, 88
    • Communications:
      • Censorship and control of mail, radio, and cable messages, and control of toll payments by Japanese military, question of, 116–117, 217–219, 222, 235–236, 245–246, 277, 280, 470, 471, 478, 480–482, 485, 526–527, 537–538, 544–545, 553–554
      • Consolidation of Japanese control, 432–433, 440–442, 449; protests of Chinese Nationalist Government, 469–470, 475–477
      • Monopoly by Japan, 50–51, 91–92
      • Resumption of radio communications by Japan between Shanghai and United States and Europe, question of, 271–272, 277, 284, 286–287, 288, 311, 323–324
    • Currency manipulations by Japan, 2, 3, 5, 16, 100
    • Customs problems, 510–513, 515, 516, 518, 521
    • Damage to and looting of American property, 366–367, 417, 471–472, 531–532
    • Interference by Japan with American trade and property, 383, 384, 446–447, 450
    • Shanghai Citizens Association, 116, 128
    • “Ta Tao Government,” 132, 138–139, 142
    • Trade and travel restrictions by Japan, 50–51, 103, 338–339
    • Whangpoo Conservancy Board, Japanese interference with and proposed settlement, 152–153, 175–176, 177, 178, 182–185, 383, 446, 450
  • Shantung, 323, 340, 342, 445, 460, 462, 599
  • Soochow: Conditions in, 249–250, 254, 256, 267; return of American nationals to, 310–311, 312, 315, 358
  • South China (see also Canton and Amoy Island, supra): Bombing of, 487–488; invasion by Japanese, 490–491, 492–493, 495, 497, 499; withdrawal of American nationals, 353, 357
  • South China Patrol, 503, 525, 527
  • Swatow, bombing of, 372, 390–391
  • “Ta Tao Government,” 132, 138–139, 142
  • Termination of war, Japanese desire for, 598–599, 601, 609
  • Tientsin: Application of land taxes to American nationals, 313, 319; banking situation, 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 383; Japanese restrictions on trade and on freedom of movement, 22, 23–24, 26, 32–41 passim, 43–45, 58–59, 66, 77, 79–80, 83, 84–86, 102–104, 108, 383–384; protection of American lives and property, 541–542, 546–547
  • Tsinanfu, 448, 462
  • Tsingtao: Banking and exchange control problems, 2–3, 45–46, 47, 49–50, 52, 76, 97–98; Japanese trade restrictions, 38, 51, 57, 58, 60–61, 67; Peace Maintenance Committee, 375, 389; situation in, 76–77, 92–93, 146–147, 321, 383–384, 388, 491–492
  • United Kingdom (see also Anglo-American consultations, supra): Currency, foreign exchange, and trade restrictions of Japan in North China, question of, 6–8, 10, 12–15, 16, 17, 25, 46; general, 65, 68–72, 75, 85–86, 87–89, 98, 110, 179, 181, 186, 188, 301, 317, 318, 378, 425, 429, 447, 458, 478, 481, 497–498, 499, 505, 520, 542, 550; Japanese violation of rights and interests in China, British representations and Japanese assurances, 148, 149–150, 152, 175–176, 192–193, 200–202, 207, 208; Shanghai, situation in, 65, 68, 69, 122, 215
  • Whangpoo Conservancy Board, Japanese interference with, 152–153, 175–176, 177, 178, 182–185, 383, 446, 450
  • Wuchow, situation in, 519–520
  • Wuhu: Bombing of, 219–220; incidents involving American nationals and property, 246, 263, 421–422, 428, 429, 431, 434, 447, 450; military operations, 353–354; protection of American lives and property, 353, 355–356
  • Wusih, bombing of, 297
  • Yangtze Valley area:
    • Freedom of navigation on the Yangtze, Japanese interference with, 51, 63, 65, 68–69, 82, 88, 97, 143, 149–150, 151, 153–154, 160, 164–174, 177, 179–181, 186–188, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195–208, 329–330, 395, 398, 399, 402–403, 405–406, 411, 437, 444, 466–468, 475, 484, 539
    • Plans of Japan for, 1–2
    • Protection of American lives and property, 151, 160, 161, 164–167, 179, 189
    • Return of American nationals to, 370, 373
    • Yangtze Patrol, 160, 165, 166, 391, 392, 394, 395
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 585, 588
• United Kingdom (see also under Undeclared war):
  • China, relations with, 229, 231; sale of arms to China, 588–589
  • Japan, relations with:
    • Anti-British sentiment in Japan, 68, 71, 589
    • Shanghai: British representations to Japan concerning situation in, 65, 68, 69; British views and steps concerning Japanese demands on International Settlement, 121–122, 123, 126, 127, 139, 143, 215, 338–339
    • Taxation of British nationals, question of, 616–617
• Universal Leaf Tobacco Company of China, 45–46, 47, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 74, 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 97
• U. S. Asiatic Fleet, 145–147
• U. S. Steel Corp., 459
• War between Japan and United Kingdom, possibility of, 589, 599
• Yarnell, Admiral Harry E., 143, 149, 150, 160–161, 162, 170, 171–172, 174, 177, 178–181, 187–189, 216, 244
• Yee Tsoong Tobacco Co., Ltd. (British-American Tobacco Co.), 45, 46, 57, 58, 307, 321
• Yokohama Specie Bank, 41, 42, 49, 55, 231, 470
• Zenith Radio Corp., 45, 73, 84, 85