List of Papers

(Unless otherwise specified, the correspondence is from or to officials in the Department of State.)

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

(Continued from Volume III)

Chapter IX: May 6–June 20, 1932

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Date and number Subject Page
1932 May 6 (501) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, May 5: Information regarding Japanese troop movements in Manchuria; opposition from Heilungkiang troops and old Kirin troops.
1
May 6 (170) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Opinion that removal of 31st Infantry would not be advisable immediately after incident on Settlement border; instructions to inform Department immediately of lifting of state of emergency.
2
May 6 (222) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Withdrawal of one Japanese infantry battalion from each of four localities.
2
May 7 (227) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Information that American Consul General was elected chairman of Joint Commission for supervision of the withdrawal.
3
May 7 (611) From the Chargé in Japan
Report on press comments indicating strong Japanese opinion in favor of withdrawal from the League of Nations.
3
May 9 (511) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Substance of statement issued by Dr. Lo Wen-kan, Foreign Minister, regarding the Sino-Japanese agreement signed at Shanghai on May 5.
5
May 9 (232) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Withdrawal of Japanese troops from Liuho, Kiating and Nanziang, and notification of intention to withdraw from Lotien on May 10; information of dispatch of special police from Nanking to police the areas evacuated by the Japanese.
6
May 10 (180) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Exchange of correspondence between Drummond and Litvinov (texts printed) on question of cooperation by Soviet Government with Lytton Commission.
7
May 10 From the Consul at Tientsin (tel.)
To the Legation: Report of Japanese military activities at Shanhaikuan.
8
May 10 (183) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Information that League Council received and transmitted to the Assembly the Lytton Report dated April 30.
9
May 10 (234) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Understanding that state of emergency will not be lifted until after completion of withdrawal of Japanese troops.
9
May 10 (518) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Telegram from the Consul General at Nanking (text printed) replying to Minister’s inquiry concerning reported instructions issued by the Chinese authorities curbing anti-Japanese demonstrations.
10
May 10 (235) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Completion of first phase of evacuation; Japanese assertion that further evacuation depends on developments.
10
May 11 (236) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Account of incident of May 3 on Settlement border involving 31st Infantry and Japanese marines; protest to consular body by Municipal Council (excerpt printed) with regard to interference of Japanese troops in municipal administration of Settlement.
11
May 11 (519) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, May 10: Arrival of Lytton Commission.
12
May 12 (239) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Japanese arrangements for withdrawal of naval forces from Chapei May 16.
12
May 13 (240) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Japanese indication that entire Japanese Army in Shanghai area would be withdrawn in about a month.
13
May 13 (125) From the Chargé in Japan (tel.)
Proposal by Foreign Minister at a joint meeting with Italian, French, British, and American representatives for a round-table conference, excluding China, on the future of Shanghai. Request for instructions.
(Repeated to Peiping.)
13
May 14 (531) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, May 13: Dispatch of Japanese troops east toward Sansing; danger to west line of Chinese Eastern Railway from troops of General Ma, who is opposing Japanese advance into Heilungkiang.
15
May 14 (244) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Information on disposition of British and American troops in sector where incident of May 3 occurred.
16
May 14 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State
Conversation with Japanese Ambassador, who expressed his Government’s gratitude for the assistance given by the U. S. Minister in China in bringing about the agreement for withdrawal of troops in Shanghai; discussion of Japanese Foreign Minister’s proposal for a round-table conference on Shanghai.
16
May 14 (1) From the Ambassador in Turkey
Foreign Minister’s report, after visit to Moscow, of Soviet Government’s attitude toward Japan.
17
May 16 (245) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Withdrawal of Japanese naval forces from part of Chapei and resumption of control by Chinese police.
18
May 16 (246) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Japanese notification to the Chinese that Tazang will be evacuated May 17; arrangements for Chinese resumption of control.
18
May 17 (535) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Comment on Japanese Foreign Minister’s proposal for a round-table conference at Tokyo.
18
May 17 (247) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Withdrawal of Japanese infantry battalion from Tazang.
19
May 17 Memorandum by the Secretary of State
Discussion with British Ambassador of matters relating to China and Japan, particularly question of removal of 31st Infantry, and Japanese suggestion for a round-table conference at Tokyo.
19
May 17 (127) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions to inform British Minister, informally and confidentially, of contemplated withdrawal of 31st Infantry in a month.
21
May 17 (8295) Report by Lieutenant Willard G. Wyman, United States Army, to the Military Attaché in China
Account of aims and operations of Volunteer Army in Manchuria against the Japanese.
22
May 18 (47) From the Minister in Latvia (tel.)
Tass news item denying reported concentration of Soviet troops in Eastern Siberia and declaring Soviet’s peaceful intentions toward Japan and Manchuria.
23
May 18 (250) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Presentation to Japanese Consul of Municipal Council’s protest concerning incident of May 3; suggestion for initiation of informal discussions to devise a plan to prevent usurpation of Council’s authority in the International Settlement by foreign military forces.
24
May 19 (545) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, May 16: Report of attack by General Ma’s troops on Japanese positions near Sungpu.
24
May 19 (185) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Department’s opinion that it would be inadvisable at present to initiate discussions proposed in telegram No. 250 of May 18.
25
May 20 (251) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Withdrawal of one Japanese infantry battalion from Kiang-wan; receipt of information that Japanese defense unit at Chenju will be discontinued and naval landing party withdrawn from Chapei on May 23.
25
May 20 (149) To the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
Tentative views regarding Japanese proposal for a round-table conference, including belief that such a conference should cover all outstanding issues in Sino-Japanese controversy; instructions to discuss matter with Foreign Secretary.
25
May 21 (551) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Statement by National City Bank at Harbin to Northeastern Steamship Company placing on American Consul General responsibility for payment of funds to the Company; opinion that Bank should be instructed to correct its statement as matter is within its control.
(Footnote: Department’s approval of suggested action.)
28
May 21 (555) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, May 20: Disturbances by General Ma’s troops on Chinese Eastern Railway; fear of possible break along line on which Lytton Commission must proceed to Tsitsihar.
28
May 21 (557) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that position of Wang Ching-wei has been strengthened by signing of Shanghai agreement; comment on present policy of central Government toward provinces.
29
May 23 (558) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, May 20: Activities of anti-Japanese and anti-“Manchoukuo” troops near Harbin. May 21: Difficulties met by Lytton Commission in plans to proceed to Tsitsihar, and in arrangements to meet General Ma; departure of Commission for Mukden.
30
May 23 (258) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Withdrawal of Japanese defense forces from Chenju and of naval landing party from a sector of Chapei to temporary station in area 4.
31
May 23 (182) From the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
Foreign Secretary’s concurrence in U. S. views on Japanese proposal for a round-table conference, and suggestion for a counter-proposal that any contemplated conversations excluding China be carried on either by the Japanese Ambassadors in the capitals of the four powers, or by Tokyo Foreign Office with interested chiefs of mission.
32
May 23 (2386) From the Consul General at Harbin to the Minister in China
Substance of memorandum drafted for General McCoy, expressing opinion as to how Manchurian question might be settled.
33
May 24 (261) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Further report on Japanese withdrawal and arrangements for resumption of control of evacuated areas by Chinese special police.
35
May 24 (189) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Suggestion for issuance of a congratulatory message by members of the Joint Commission, other than Chinese and Japanese, and also for declarations by the Japanese and Chinese Governments, upon completion of Japanese withdrawal; instructions to discuss with colleagues on Joint Commission.
35
May 24 (1546) From the Minister in China
Memorandum of conversations (text printed), on May 18, of the American Military Attaché with Dr. H. H. Kung and with General Chiang Kai-shek on questions of U. S. military assistance to China, and development of Chinese national defense; memorandum of May 24 (text printed) containing Minister’s observations concerning the conversations.
36
May 25 (266) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Withdrawal of Japanese 6th Brigade; Japanese announcement that last Army units will embark for Japan early in June.
40
May 25 (119) To the Chargé in Japan (tel.)
Department’s views regarding Japanese proposal of May 13; instructions to keep in touch with British colleague, but not to reply to the Japanese Foreign Minister until receipt of further instructions.
40
May 25 (153) To the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
Views on British suggestion contained in telegram No. 182, May 23; instructions to ascertain whether Foreign Secretary’s views and understanding of entire situation coincide with those of United States.
41
May 26 Memorandum by the Secretary of State
Assurance by Japanese Ambassador, in view of rumors of impending hostilities between Russia and Japan, that his Government had issued instructions against sending troops into proximity with Russian frontier.
42
May 27 (144) From the Chargé in Japan (tel.)
Information that British Ambassador has received same general instructions as those sent by Department regarding Japanese proposal of May 13; opinion that it would be inadvisable to make formal reply to the Japanese Government at present.
43
May 27 (120) To the Chargé in Japan (tel.)
Instructions to keep in touch also with French and Italian colleagues in regard to proposed round-table conference.
43
May 27 To the Ambassador in Great Britain
Transmittal of document, for delivery to Foreign Secretary, presenting evidence of Japan’s initiative in the creation and practical control of the new administration of “Manchoukuo.”
44
May 28 (272) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Expression of opinion as to suggestion made in Department’s telegram No. 189, May 24; information that while informal assurance has been given that Japanese Army will be evacuated before June 10, there has been no such assurance regarding the Japanese Navy.
44
May 28 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Chinese Chargé
Expression by Chinese Chargé of his Government’s appreciation of the assistance of the American Minister in the recent negotiations in Shanghai.
45
May 28 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State
Discussion with British Ambassador concerning possible representations in regard to the salt gabelle and other matters connected with the administrative integrity of Manchuria; information that U. S. Ambassador in Great Britain has been instructed to take up matter with the Foreign Secretary.
46
May 31 (273) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Information that Japanese Army has completed evacuation; arrangements for occupation by Japanese Navy of areas 1, 3, and 4.
46
May 31 (189) From the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
Foreign Secretary’s suggestion that Lytton Commission, on which there is a U. S. member, report on question of violation of Salt Administration.
47
May 31 (191) From the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
Views and understandings on which Foreign Secretary will base his instructions to the British Embassy at Tokyo regarding Japanese proposal of May 13; intention to inform the French and Italian Ambassadors of the Anglo-American deliberations.
(Footnote: Information that on May 26 the U. S. Secretary of State explained his views to the French and Italian Ambassadors.)
47
June 1 (122) To the Chargé in Japan (tel.)
Authorization, unless it is ascertained informally that a reply is unnecessary, to reply informally and orally to Japanese proposal of May 13 along lines of Department’s No. 119, May 25; instructions to repeat this telegram and No. 119 to Peiping.
48
June 2 (596) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden: Information that League Commission will leave for Peiping on June 4.
49
June 2 Press Release Issued by the Japanese Embassy; June 2, 1932
Address by the Foreign Minister at the opening of the Diet, June 3, reviewing developments in Shanghai and Manchuria.
50
June 2 Memorandum by the Secretary of State
Conversation with Dr. Frank W. Chinglun Lee, Chinese Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs, regarding Chinese anxiety for some action in Manchurian situation.
52
June 3 (599) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, June 2: Information that General Ma’s troops have retreated north before Japanese troops and that Japanese military now control Hu-hai Railway.
54
June 3 (146) From the Chargé in Japan (tel.)
Opinion that joint verbal reply should be made to Japanese proposal, and intention to wait until French and Italian Ambassadors have received instructions, the British Ambassador having received instructions similar to Chargé’s.
54
June 3 Memorandum by the Assistant Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs
Discussion with Dr. Frank W. Chinglun Lee, who presented views of Chinese Government and people in regard to Sino-Japanese controversy.
55
June 3 (587) From the Consul General at Mukden to the Minister in China
Transmittal of copy of a memorandum (text printed) containing suggestions for a solution of the Manchurian question, prepared for General McCoy.
58
June 3 (2399) From the Consul General at Harbin to the Minister in China
Official pronouncements regarding Japanese military operations reported in newspaper interview with General Hirose, commander of Japanese 10th division, and confirmed by him in subsequent conversation with American Consul at Harbin.
61
June 4 (612) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Proposed change in U. S. military representative on Joint Commission.
(Footnote: Department’s approval, June 6.)
62
June 4 (140) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions to keep in touch with British colleague regarding developments concerning customs, salt, and postal services in Manchuria.
63
June 6 (618) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Reuter report of statement by a spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Office, refuting points contained in Viscount Saito’s address of June 3.
63
June 6 (620) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, June 4: Negotiations by Ohashi to secure some form of Soviet recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
63
June 6 (197) From the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
Information that British Ambassador had on his own initiative made representations to Tokyo Foreign Office regarding anticipated seizure of Maritime Customs revenue, which were subsequently approved by the Foreign Secretary.
64
June 6 (622) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Arrival at Peiping of members of League Commission.
65
June 6 (623) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Comments on a secret defense plan for Shanghai, shown to the Minister in March when he was in Shanghai, contents of which were apparently unknown to the Consul General there.
65
June 7 (626) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Facts concerning operation of Chinese customs in Manchuria.
66
June 7 (149) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Decision to withdraw 31st Infantry during last week in June; instructions to inform British, French, and Italian colleagues, also Consul General at Shanghai, and Commander-in-Chief.
67
June 7 (215) To the Chargé in France (tel.)
Instructions to bring to attention of appropriate French authorities an Associated Press report from Tokyo of a proposed loan by French bankers to “Manchoukuo.”
67
June 8 (366) From the Chargé in France (tel.)
Information from Foreign Office that French Ambassador in Tokyo has already made official denial of that part of report indicating official French support of loan to “Manchoukuo.”
68
June 8 (151) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Joint oral reply to Japanese proposal of May 13, presented in interview with Viscount Saito, by representatives of interested powers.
69
June 9 (637) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, June 8: Confidential report of Chinese decision to resume diplomatic relations with Russia.
70
June 9 (368) From the Chargé in France (tel.)
Opinion of reliable French and American banking authorities that state of “Manchoukuo” could not secure any substantial aid from French bankers.
71
June 9 Memorandum by the Secretary of State
Conversation with Italian Ambassador, who conveyed Grandi’s suggestion for a preliminary conference to settle agenda for proposed round-table conference.
72
June 10 (288) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Lifting of state of emergency, effective June 13.
72
June 10 (471) From the Consul General at Mukden
Report on second and third visits of Lytton Commission at Mukden.
73
June 10 (D–287) From the Consul General at Nanking
Transmittal of a press release regarding Manchuria, issued by the Chinese Government, announcing refusal to recognize as legal the appointment of Chinese Eastern Railway officials by Manchurian regime.
74
June 11 (197) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Authorization to cooperate in issuance of congratulatory message by Joint Commission, but to drop proposal for statements by Chinese and Japanese Governments.
74
June 11 (176) To the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
Information that on June 10 the Secretary called informally to the attention of the Japanese Ambassador the Department’s concern over reports of the Manchurian régime’s intention of taking over the Chinese customs administration; instructions to inform British Foreign Office.
74
June 13 (155) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Report on growing movement in Japan for recognition of the state of “Manchoukuo.”
75
June 13 (7) From the Ambassador in Japan
Summary of Japanese public opinion with regard to Japanese measures in Manchuria and the eventual outcome of the investigations of the Lytton Commission.
76
June 16 (96) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Letter from Drummond (text printed) requesting information and advice concerning the movement in Japan for recognition of “Manchoukuo” government.
79
June 16 (664) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, June 15: Information on losses to the Chinese Government from salt and customs seizures in Manchuria.
79
June 17 (297) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Information from Chief of Staff of Japanese naval landing party that his troops are now in positions occupied before January 28, with certain specified exceptions.
80
June 17 (158) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Information that before adjournment the Lower House passed a resolution that the Government should immediately recognize “Manchoukuo,” but that the House of Peers took no action.
80
June 17 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State
Message conveyed by Chinese Chargé regarding Chinese Government’s plans to make a public statement of its belief that recognition of “Manchoukuo” would be contrary to the terms of the Nine-Power Treaty.
81
June 17 (159) From the Ambassador in Great Britain
Statement (text printed) by the Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs before the House of Commons regarding Japanese assurances, reported by British Ambassador on April 15, in respect to maintenance of the integrity of the Chinese Maritime Customs.
82
June 18 (676) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Message from the Inspector General of Customs at Shanghai (text printed) quoting telegram from the Dairen Commissioner for Customs advising that he has been ordered by the “Manchoukuo” authorities to remit the Dairen customs revenues to the Three Eastern Provinces Bank, instead of to Shanghai.
83
June 18 (86) To the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Information for Drummond regarding movement in Japan favoring recognition of “Manchoukuo,” and advice that Department will send later any suggestions it may have for prevention of such action.
83
June 18 Memorandum by the Assistant Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs
Conversation with Chinese Chargé, who reiterated his opinion that it would be helpful if U. S. Government would make known its attitude on question of Japanese recognition of “Manchoukuo;” advice to him that Department had no further comment.
84
June 18 (1580) From the Minister in China
Transmittal of a memorandum (text printed) regarding the Shanghai defense scheme, signed in December 1931, under which the powers had acted on January 28, 1932; comments with respect to arrangements in the future for obtaining approval by the Legation of any such scheme.
85
June 19 (97) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Delivery to Drummond of substance of Department’s telegram No. 86, dated June 18.
92
June 20 (161) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Survey of problems involved in question of Japanese recognition of “Manchoukuo” government.
92

Chapter X: June 21–July 31, 1932

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Date and number Subject Page
1932 June 21 (680) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Japanese Chargé’s request for cooperation in exerting pressure on Chinese Government to accept arrangements with “Manchoukuo” authorities regarding disposal of customs revenues; advice to Chargé” that instructions will be requested in the matter.
94
June 21 (683) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Statement by T. V. Soong (text printed) concerning customs crisis in Manchuria and effect on Chinese financial situation.
95
June 22 (689) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, June 21: Report that remittance of Dairen customs funds to Shanghai has been stopped.
97
June 22 (691) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Arrival of Chinese Government leaders in Peiping for conference with members of Lytton Commission and discussion of certain proposals regarding Manchuria.
97
[June 22] (694) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, June 21: Anxiety of Changchun officials to secure customs revenues.
98
June 22 (696) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Delay in plans of Lytton Commission to visit Japan; views in regard to Commission’s report.
98
June 23 (699) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Statement by T. V. Soong (text printed) quoting telegrams from the Commissioners of Customs at Newchwang and Antung, advising that the “Manchoukuo” authorities have now seized the accumulated customs revenues in those places.
100
June 23 Memorandum by the Secretary of State
Call by the Japanese Ambassador, who advised that his Government was exercising its good offices in trying to bring about an arrangement for preserving the integrity of the Manchurian customs.
100
June 23 From the Chinese Chargé
Transmission of a cablegram (text printed) from the Chinese Government, appealing for U. S. action under the Nine-Power Treaty in view of reported Japanese recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
101
June 23 (701) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Text of a telegram from the Foreign Office, which apparently was sent also to all other interested Governments except Japan, inviting attention to the serious situation arising from threats to the integrity of the Chinese Maritime Customs in Manchuria, and requesting appropriate representations to the Japanese Government.
102
June 24 (212) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Letter from the Chinese Government to Drummond, June 23 (text printed), requesting that Committee of Nineteen urge the Japanese Government to respect its obligations under the September and December resolutions of the League Council and to desist from recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
104
June 24 (704) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Substance of statement of June 18 by the Manchurian Minister of Finance (text printed), setting forth “Manchoukuo” government’s position in regard to the seizure of the customs.
104
June 24 (173) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions not to cooperate with Japanese colleague in exerting pressure on Chinese Government to enter into proposed arrangements with the Manchurian regime.
106
June 24 (174) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Nonobjection to Minister’s making known informally to members of the Lytton Commission his views regarding the Commission’s report.
107
June 24 (98) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Dispatch by Committee of Nineteen of a letter to the Chinese and Japanese Governments explaining necessity for delay in Assembly action until after receipt of Lytton report, and also expressing hope that previous agreements by both parties to take no action to aggravate the situation will be observed.
107
June 24 (174) From the Ambassador in Great Britain
Letter from the Foreign Secretary, June 21 (text printed), giving his views on recent developments in the Manchurian Salt Gabelle in relation to Japan’s obligations under the Nine Power Treaty, and concluding that representations under the Treaty should be deferred until the Lytton Commission has presented its report.
108
June 25 (183) To the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
Instructions to present to Foreign Office summary of situation relative to disruption of Chinese customs service and other administrative services in Manchuria and to request information as to attitude of Foreign Office in the matter.
110
June 26 (714) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Reuter reports: (1) from Shanghai, June 24, of the dismissal of Mr. Fukumoto, Commissioner of Customs at Dairen, for having refused to remit customs funds to Shanghai; (2) from Tokyo, June 25, of the Japanese Government’s protest at this action.
112
June 27 (716) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, June 25: Information that customs funds at Antung have been seized by “Manchoukuo” authorities, apparently with the cooperation of the Japanese Government, and belief that customs funds at Newchwang have been seized also.
113
June 27 (720) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that British colleague has received instructions similar to those in Department’s telegram No. 173, June 24.
113
June 27 (211) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Request for confirmation of news article relating justification given by Commissioner of Customs at Dairen for his refusal to remit customs revenues to Shanghai.
114
June 27 (309) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Information regarding claims being transmitted to Department by pouch, and request for authorization to present certain claims for settlement locally.
(Footnote: Department’s authorization, July 6.)
114
June 27 Memorandum by the Counselor of the Embassy in Great Britain of a Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation With the Under Secretary of State on June 27, 1932
Foreign Secretary’s opinion that Dairen incident offered an opportunity for representations to the Japanese Government; information that instructions are being sent to the British Ambassador at Tokyo, and are being repeated to Paris, Rome, and Washington, for the information and possible collaboration of French, Italian, and U. S. Governments.
115
June 28 (726) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin: Seizure by “Manchoukuo” authorities of customhouse at New Town, Harbin, and intimidation of staff to make them come over to “Manchoukuo.”
116
June 28 (173) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Information that British Ambassador has made representations to the Foreign Office with regard to the reported taking over of Dairen customs by “Manchoukuo” regime, and that the French and Italian Ambassadors have not received any instructions.
117
June 28 (727) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Reuter report from Shanghai, June 26, of denial by Inspector General of Customs, that dismissal of Dairen Customs Commissioner was contrary to 1907 Dairen agreement; Reuter report from Changchun, June 26, of intention of “Manchoukuo” government, in event of failure to take over the Dairen customs, to establish a “Manchoukuo” customs station at Wafangtien, on the border of Kwantung leased territory.
117
June 28 (136) To the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Instructions to take up with Foreign Office question of Dairen customs in same manner as followed by British colleague.
118
June 28 (179) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Authorization to inform Foreign Office of Department’s acknowledgment (text printed) of Chinese Chargé’s note of June 23 regarding Japan’s recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
119
June 28 (739) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information regarding instructions received by British, French, and Italian colleagues not to cooperate in joint action with Japanese, but to continue unofficial representations to Chinese authorities for maintenance of integrity of customs in Manchuria.
119
June 29 (741) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, June 28: Declaration by “Manchoukuo” Foreign Minister regarding the taking over of the customs.
120
June 29 (17) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
From Dairen: Advice that goods passing through Dairen must pay duties at new customhouse, which is in charge of ex-Commissioner Fukumoto, or at Manchurian border, or be detained.
(Repeated to Peiping.)
121
June 30 (748) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Japanese Chargé’s suggestion for joint action in urging Chinese Government to withdraw its discharge of Fukumoto, and to give tacit consent to arrangements for turning over surplus customs collections in Manchuria to “Manchoukuo” government; advice to Chargé that Minister’s present instructions do not permit such action; request for instructions.
121
June 30 (749) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, June 29: Meeting of consular body to consider appeal by the Commissioner of Customs regarding intimidation of his staff by “Manchoukuo” police, and certain other questions on rights and protection of foreigners in “Manchoukuo.”
122
June 30 (99) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Irish representative’s inquiry as to U. S. view on advisability of including in President’s declaration to the Assembly meeting on July 1 a warning to Japan against recognition of “Manchoukuo” government.
122
June 30 (751) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, June 29: Receipt of information that Ehara, a Japanese, has been appointed Acting Commissioner of Customs at Newchwang.
123
June 30 (318) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Information that Inspector General of Customs confirms statement of Dairen Commissioner reported in Department’s telegram No. 211, June 27.
123
June 30 (319) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Information that Dairen Commissioner was ordered by the Inspector General to come to Shanghai, but refused.
124
July 1 (179) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Information that French Ambassador has received instructions to make representations concerning Dairen customs.
124
July 1 (755) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, June 30: Further information on seizure of customhouses by “Manchoukuo” authorities.
124
July 1 (756) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, June 30: Comment on disadvantages which would result if “Manchoukuo” officials attempt to take over postal service as they have the customs.
125
July 1 (180) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Data supplied by Military Attaché on number of Japanese troops in Manchuria and North China.
125
July 1 (192) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions for acknowledging telegram from Foreign Minister regarding situation of Chinese Maritime Customs in Manchuria, transmitted to Department in telegram No. 701, of June 23.
126
July 2 (761) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, July 1: Receipt of official information from Antung that “Manchoukuo” authorities have taken control of the customs outside the Japanese railway zone.
126
July 2 (181) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Information that Italian Ambassador has received instructions to make representations concerning Dairen customs.
126
July 2 (214) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Resolution (substance printed) adopted by Assembly in extraordinary session on July 1 extending time limit for report of Lytton Commission.
127
July 6 (773) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, July 5: Arrest and detention of foreign customs officials in Manchouli; expectation of Harbin Customs Commissioner that attempts will be made to eject him from official residence.
128
July 6 (186) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Information concerning British Ambassador’s conversation with the Japanese Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs, concerning Japanese recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
128
July 6 (326) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Chinese news agency report of statement by Inspector General of Customs (text printed) regarding the effect of the seizure of the Manchurian customs on the customs commitments.
129
July 6 (214) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Instructions to endeavor to obtain facts regarding reported incident of the use of force by Japanese police and “Manchoukuo” troops to obtain archives and documents from the Commissioner of Customs at Antung.
130
July 6 (776) From the Minister in China (tel.)
British Ambassador’s efforts to secure compromise in Manchurian customs matter.
180
July 6 Memorandum by the Minister in China of a Conversation With the Commander of the United States Army Forces at Tientsin
Call by Colonel Burt to pay his respects and receive instructions in connection with his duties at Tientsin; advice to him to continue close cooperation with the American Consul General at Tientsin.
131
July 7 (188) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Information that the British Ambassador on his own initiative had a talk with Vice Minister Arita, pointing out the harm to Japanese interests which recognition of “Manchoukuo” would cause; opinion that representations by the United States would be unwise at present.
132
July 7 (778) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, July 6: Report on conditions in western Heilungkiang; detention and ill-treatment of customs assistants in Manchouli by “Manchoukuo” police and Japanese gendarmerie.
133
July 8 (781) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, July 7: Notification from the Antung Commissioner of Customs that he has temporarily suspended the customs in the railway zone, for the safety of the staff, because of irregular activities of the “Manchoukuo” authorities.
134
July 8 (782) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, July 7: Arrest of deputy Commissioner of Customs and assistant by “Manchoukuo” police.
134
July 8 (201) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Approval of reply made to Japanese Chargé’s suggestion reported in telegram No. 748, June 30; request for Legation’s views, particularly as to seriousness of threat that “Manchoukuo” may take over complete control of customs.
135
July 9 (788) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, July 8: Search of Commissioner’s house, arrest of Chinese customs employees as alleged Communists, and arrest of 18 Russian customs employees.
135
July 11 (331) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Details of incident of June 30 involving Commissioner of Customs at Antung, requested in Department’s telegram No. 214 of July 6.
135
July 12 (796) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Opinion that “Manchoukuo” authorities are making every effort to take over control of the customs.
136
July 12 (797) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Summary of conversation (text printed) between the Consul General at Nanking and T. V. Soong, in which the latter requested advice of U. S. Government in meeting the crisis confronting the Chinese Government; opinion that Soong should be given an answer.
137
July 13 (800) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information from Mukden that the taking over of the Chinese Maritime Customs in Manchuria by the “Manchoukuo” authorities has been accomplished.
140
July 13 (803) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, July 12: Information that customs officials under detention in Manchouli and Harbin have been released.
140
July 13 (211) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Advice that Department is giving consideration to question of reply to Soong’s remarks; request for suggestions.
141
July 14 (809) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, July 13: Information on evacuation of Antung Chinese customs staff.
141
July 15 (813) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Suggestions regarding advice to be given Soong.
142
July 15 (57) From the Ambassador in Japan
Discussion of various factors tending toward eventual recognition of “Manchoukuo” by Japan; attitude of the Japanese Army, of the Foreign Office, and of the people.
143
July 16 (819) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, July 15: Failure of Chinese staff of Newchwang customs to report for duty on July 14.
148
July 16 (189) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
British Ambassador’s receipt of instructions for further representations to the Japanese Government regarding the Dairen customs situation and contemplated Japanese recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
149
July 16 (60) From the Ambassador in Japan
Transmittal of three memoranda of conversations (texts printed), dated July 12, 14, and 15, between the Ambassador and General McCoy regarding conclusions reached by the Lytton Commission on the Manchurian situation.
149
July 17 (215) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions for Consul General at Nanking in making oral reply to Soong, giving U. S. Government’s position in regard to queries raised by him.
165
July 18 (339) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Information that area D was turned over to the Chinese on July 17, and that two mills are the only outside points still occupied by the Japanese.
169
July 18 (190) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Japanese Government’s attitude regarding recognition of “Manchoukuo,” as expressed by Foreign Minister to Lytton Commission, and somewhat contradictory views expressed by other Foreign Office officials; opinion that latter views may have been given out in effort to secure foreign reaction.
169
July 19 (825) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Report from Mukden of fighting between Japanese forces and Tang Yu-lin’s troops in Jehol as result of attack on Japanese Army officer; surmise that incident may be prelude to Japanese invasion of Jehol area.
171
July 19 (191) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
From Dairen: Information that customs officials of new “Manchoukuo” service and the old employees are occupying the same building.
171
July 19 (143) To the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Instructions not to express voluntarily, but to give immediately if called for, U. S. views on contemplated recognition of “Manchoukuo” by Japan; also on disruption of Chinese customs service in Manchuria,
171
July 20 From the Consul at Tientsin (tel.)
To the Legation: Information that troops of Marshal Chang are being transported to Tungchow and vicinity; report that Japanese troops have been despatched to Chaoyang and Peipiao in Jehol, where they are engaged with Jehol Regular forces.
172
July 20 From the Chinese Ministry for Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Report by Marshal Chang Hsueh-liang of Japanese attack on his troops near Chaoyang, July 17, and the bombing of Chaoyang by Japanese military planes on July 18.
173
July 21 (835) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, July 20: Information from Japanese Consul General that Japanese activities at Chaoyang were for the purposes of liberating kidnaped Japanese officer and recovering derailed train, and did not constitute an attack on Jehol.
173
July 21 (192) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Unofficial representations by the Italian and British Ambassadors to the Foreign Minister on the question of Japanese recognition of “Manchoukuo,” and his reply that there would be no change from the policy announced by Saito in the Diet.
174
July 21 Memorandum by the Minister in China
Substance of memorandum left by Dr. Blakeslee of two interviews between the Lytton Commission and the Japanese Foreign Minister on July 12 and 14, regarding Japan’s intention to recognize “Manchoukuo” and the Commission’s concern over Japan’s failure to consult with the nations party to the League Covenant and to the Nine-Power Treaty.
174
July 21 Memorandum by the Minister in China
Request by General McCoy for advice in regard to the matter of filing an interim report with the League in view of Commission’s conversation with Japanese Foreign Minister.
176
July 21 Memorandum by the Minister in China
Discussion with Dr. Blakeslee of memorandum of interviews between Lytton Commission and Count Uchida; opinion that Commission should not make an interim report, but should at the appointed time submit its considered report to the League.
177
July 22 (193) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Receipt of information that a small Japanese detachment has been sent into Jehol to rescue a Japanese officer captured by the Chinese; Military Attaché’s opinion that Japanese Army will occupy Jehol in the near future.
178
July 22 (194) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Intention, in view of Department’s instructions in telegram No. 143, July 19, not to request interview with the Foreign Minister, as suggested by Vice Minister Arita; comment on difficulties of maintaining close relations with the Foreign Office.
179
July 22 (839) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden: Unofficial declaration from Japanese headquarters that sending of troops into Jehol by Chang Hsueh-liang would be considered a hostile act.
179
July 22 (101) To the Minister in Switzerland, at Geneva (tel.)
Instructions to ascertain from Drummond date when Lytton Commission report is expected and other information regarding this report, and to discuss informally question of continued U. S. cooperation with the League.
180
July 23 (102) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Report of discussion with Drummond in accordance with Department’s instructions.
181
July 23 (844) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, July 22: Information that Japanese detachment proceeded only as far as Chaoyangsu, that a part of detachment has now withdrawn from Jehol, and that negotiations for release of the Japanese officer are progressing satisfactorily.
182
July 25 (224) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Views regarding proposal for a round-table conference at Shanghai, and instructions for guidance in discussing question with diplomatic colleagues.
182
July 26 (196) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Telegram received from Foreign Minister of “Manchoukuo” (text printed) regarding his government’s desire to make arrangements for remission of “Manchoukuo” quota of foreign loan service of Chinese customs; information that similar telegrams were received by British, French, and Italian colleagues.
(Repeated to Peiping.)
184
July 26 (855) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Chinese concern over possible Japanese threat to Jehol Province and Peiping-Tientsin area; request for Department’s consideration of question of status and activities of Japanese Legation guard in Peiping, in event of Japanese action.
(Footnote: Department’s consideration of question, and request for views and recommendations.)
185
July 27 (116) From the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)
Summary of statement by Chinese Finance Minister, July 26, regarding serious decline in customs receipts, caused chiefly by the seizure of the Manchurian customs, and fear that China may not be able to continue to meet her obligations in regard to customs loan payments.
186
July 27 (861) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, July 26: Information that Department’s reply, transmitted in telegram No. 215 of July 17, was delivered to Soong.
187
July 27 From the Chinese Chargé
Cablegram from the Chinese Foreign Minister advising that Japan is appointing a special plenipotentiary to Manchuria, who will concurrently be Commander-in-Chief and Governor General of Kwantung, and that action may be considered as preliminary to recognition of state of “Manchoukuo.”
188
July 28 Memorandum by the Secretary of State
Conversation with the French Ambassador and expression of hope for continued cooperation between U. S. and French Governments in the Far Eastern situation.
188
July 29 (203) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Information regarding the unification of Japanese authority in Manchuria; announcement by Foreign Office spokesman that appointment of a special plenipotentiary does not necessarily imply recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
189
July 30 (354) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Information that Japanese garrison has been withdrawn from Kungdah Mill.
190
July 30 (875) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, July 29: Confirmation by Japanese headquarters of Japanese victory over volunteer forces near Sui-chung.
190

Chapter XI: August 1–September 30, 1932

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Date and number Subject Page
1932 Aug. 1 (883) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Summarized account of statements by Count Uchida, and opinion that they should be given careful consideration as representing policy of Japanese Government.
191
Aug. 3 From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Chinese news agency report of receipt from Dairen of remittance representing one-third of customs revenue detained before seizure of Manchurian customs, and release by Chinese Government of Japanese share of the Boxer Indemnity; confirmation of report by Inspectorate General.
191
Aug. 3 (893) From the Minister in China (tel).
From Harbin, August 3: Japanese victory over volunteer forces of General Ma Chan-shan, near Hailun, and belief of Japanese commander that General Ma was killed.
192
Aug. 4 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State
Conversation with the Japanese Ambassador, who left rough plan of duties and directions of the man who will be special envoy to Manchuria.
192
Aug. 5 (205) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Threat against Chang Hsueh-liang by Japanese War Office spokesman, which might imply intention to move on Peiping, Chang’s headquarters, if necessary.
194
Aug. 5 (903) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, August 4: Bandit attacks on Newchwang and on Japanese barracks at Haicheng; reports of increasing bandit activity throughout province.
194
Aug. 8 (914) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, August 7: Information that Wang Ching-wei has resigned as President of the Executive Yuan because of failure of Marshal Chang to resist Japanese invasion.
(Footnote: Information that Wang’s resignation was rejected on August 22, but that Vice President T. V. Soong was selected to be Acting President of the Executive Yuan.)
195
Aug. 8 From the Consul General at Canton (tel.)
Information that southern leaders sent joint telegram to Wang Ching-wei, praising his action in resigning and inviting him to proceed to Canton.
195
Aug. 8 (915) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, August 7: Resignation of Marshal Chang, which was followed by resignations of Minister of Justice and Foreign Affairs, Minister of Railways, and Minister of Industries.
195
Aug. 9 (206) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Official announcement of appointment of General Nobuyo-shi Muto to the triple position in Manchuria; information that while he is not accredited to “Manchoukuo,” appointment is considered a preparatory step toward recognition.
196
Aug. 9 (924) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, August 8: Information that Lo Wen-kan is still attending his office as Minister for Foreign Affairs, and that Minister of the Interior will be in temporary charge of office of President of the Executive Yuan.
196
Aug. 10 Memorandum by the Secretary of State
Advice to Japanese Ambassador that General McCoy has been acting independently and that there has been no communication between him and the Department.
197
Aug. 10 Memorandum by the Secretary of State
Reference by Japanese Ambassador, during his call, to the position of the American fleet in the Pacific, reportedly there at the request of the Secretary of State.
197
Aug. 10 (207) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Indignation of Foreign Office over Secretary Stimson’s speech of August 8 before the Council on Foreign Relations, which they interpret as accusing Japan of being the aggressor in the Manchurian situation.
(Footnote: Report from Ambassador in Japan, August 12, that receipt of full text of speech had apparently dispelled misunderstandings.)
198
Aug. 11 (931) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Comments regarding resignations of Marshal Chang and Wang Ching-wei.
199
Aug. 11 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs
Excerpt from a personal letter from the Minister in China, June 29, urging that any plan or suggestions by the Lytton Commission be kept separate from the League’s report of the facts.
200
Aug. 11 (252) To the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hornbeck: Secretary’s authorization to make known discreetly his view that greatest usefulness of Lytton Commission’s report is in the objective presentation of facts.
200
Aug. 12 (938) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information from Koo that Marshal Chang’s resignation will not affect peace in the North, as his forces will be turned over to a military council.
201
Aug. 15 (948) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Koo’s suggestion for possible intervention by United States and other powers in negotiations between China and Japan to settle Manchurian question, when League has received and considered report of Lytton Commission.
201
Aug. 15 (949) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Request for views as to propriety of General McCoy’s remaining in Geneva to assist in discussion of Sino-Japanese question when Commission returns to Europe.
202
[Aug. 19] From Mr. Hsieh Chieh-shih (tel.)
Request for action on previous telegraphic request of state of Manchuria to adhere to the International Radio Telegraphic Convention.
(Footnote: Information that telegram was filed without acknowledgment.)
202
Aug. 19 (155) To the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Authorization to inform responsible inquirers, or on own initiative to inform the Foreign Office, that U. S. Government has received no information concerning a preliminary report of the Lytton Commission and knows of no such report.
203
Aug. 19 (269) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Opinion that General McCoy should remain at Geneva in case it is decided that the Commission as a body shall remain there.
203
Aug. 20 (978) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, August 19: Report of spokesman of Japanese military headquarters that 24 delegates, representing different districts in Jehol, had called at Japanese headquarters at Chinchow to request that Japanese troops be sent to suppress banditry in Jehol.
204
Aug. 20 (216) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Press reports that Foreign Office has submitted to the Cabinet a draft treaty with “Manchoukuo,” which, when approved, will be sent to General Muto for negotiation, and that upon signature of treaty Japan will recognize “Manchoukuo.”
204
Aug. 22 Memorandum by the Assistant Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With the First Secretary of the Chinese Legation
Chinese inquiry as to whether U. S. Government could prevent Mr. George Bronson Rea, an American citizen who is reported to be an adviser to the “Manchoukuo” government, from going to Geneva to assist in representing the “Manchoukuo” government in the League’s consideration of the Manchurian question.
205
Aug. 24 (998) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, August 22: Serious menace to railroad travel in Liaoning Province because of frequent bandit attacks.
205
Aug. 24 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Japanese Chargé
Chargé’s delivery of a copy of speech which Count Uchida is making to the Diet, with request for comments; reply that speech seems to contain nothing new, and regret that Japan appears determined to recognize “Manchoukuo.”
206
Aug. 25 (314) From the Chargé in Great Britain
Memorandum (text printed) of a conversation with Assistant Secretary of State Sir Victor Wellesley, who gave his personal views on probable British policy with respect to the Lytton report and the “Manchoukuo” government.
206
Aug. 27 (377) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Report on local Sino-Japanese situation; indications of revival of anti-Japanese boycott.
209
Aug. 30 (1028) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, August 29: Report of bandit attack on Mukden area with intent to destroy Japanese airplanes.
210
Aug. 29 Speech Delivered by Dr. Lo Wen-kan, Minister of Foreign Affairs at Nanking, at the Weekly Memorial Service of Dr. Sun Yat-sen on August 29, 1932
Statement of policy of the Chinese Government in respect to Japan and the Manchurian situation.
210
Aug. 31 (1037) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information regarding content of Lytton Commission’s report.
214
Aug. 31 (1043) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Report of incident involving two members of the British Legation and the Japanese Legation guard, and subsequent conversation of British commandant and Japanese officers, indicating attitude of Japanese military toward China.
214
Aug. 31 (331) From the Consul at Geneva
Summary of League reaction to Count Uchida’s speech of August 25, and anticipated developments at next Council meeting with respect to the Lytton Commission’s report and Japanese attitude; conversation with Dr. Yen concerning Japanese recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
215
Sept. 1 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State
Italian Ambassador’s report of a conversation between the Italian and Russian Ambassadors in Tokyo regarding Russian willingness to recognize “Manchoukuo” and possibility of a Russo-Japanese nonaggression treaty.
219
Sept. 1 Memorandum by the Minister in China
Conversation with General McCoy on the nature of the Lytton Commission report and possible future developments in the Manchurian situation.
219
Sept. 2 (1050) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, September 1: Bandit attack of serious proportions on Mukden, August 31; information that Changchun government has formed a commission to negotiate a treaty with Japan.
221
Sept. 2 (223) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Résumé of impending treaty with “Manchoukuo,” given to foreign newsmen by Foreign Office spokesman; expectation that treaty will be signed prior to September 15.
221
Sept. 3 (383) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Developments in local Sino-Japanese situation: Mayor Wu’s efforts to suppress lawlessness; provocative action of Japanese marines.
222
Sept. 3 (1060) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, September 2: Receipt of telegram (text printed) from Talbot, Commissioner of Customs at Antung, reporting threats by the Japanese Customs Adviser to secure customs funds in Bank of Chosen; information that informal protest was made to the Japanese consular authorities.
223
Undated [Rec’d Sept. 3] To the Navy Department
Memorandum explaining Department’s attitude toward Shanghai International Defense Scheme of December 18, 1931, and desire, in view of political factors involved, for cooperation between representatives of State and Navy Departments in China in connection with such an agreement.
224
Sept. 3 (156) To the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Instructions to advise Department immediately if Japanese Government communicates text of treaty with “Manchoukuo,” but to take no other action.
227
Sept. 4 (1063) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, September 3: Willingness of Japanese consular authorities to assume responsibility for Talbot’s safety in railway concession, but not outside that area, and their opinion that his departure will clear up the situation.
227
Sept. 5 (1066) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, September 4: Information that Talbot left Antung, under Japanese protection, in accordance with instructions of the Inspector General.
227
Sept. 7 Memorandum by the Secretary of State of a Conversation With the British Chargé
Chargé’s query as to plans for possible action after receipt of the Lytton report, and Secretary’s attitude that he could not properly make any suggestions as matter is one for League action.
228
Sept. 7 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With the First Secretary of the Chinese Legation
Unwillingness to give definite reply to Chinese inquiry regarding probable action of U. S. Government in event of Japanese recognition of “Manchoukuo;” Chinese suggestion for a conference under the Nine-Power Treaty.
228
Sept. 7 (1078) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that Lytton Commission completed its investigation and signed its report on September 4; that report disapproves Japan’s actions in Manchuria. Analysis of Far Eastern situation and suggestion that United States might make proposal at Geneva for an international conference on the situation.
229
Sept. 8 Memorandum by the Secretary of State
Conversation with the Belgian Ambassador, who referred to the favorable effect in Europe of the Secretary’s speech of August 8.
231
Sept. 8 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Italian Ambassador, September 7, 1932
Discussion of probable effect of reported Japanese occupation of Jehol on Tientsin-Peiping area and on question of neutralization of Peiping.
232
Sept. 8 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With the Former Chinese Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs
Discussion of possible action by the Chinese Government in the event of Japanese recognition of “Manchoukuo;” U. S. attitude toward Chinese proposal to request United States to call a conference under the Nine-Power Treaty, and suggestion that China might issue a carefully prepared statement declaring Manchuria to be an integral part of China.
232
Sept 8 (519) From the Ambassador in France (tel.)
Report that efforts of private French banking firm to secure a loan for Japan have been unsuccessful; discussion with Foreign Office official of French attitude toward the Manchurian situation.
234
Sept. 8 (306) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Department’s decision to continue to participate in and cooperate on a tentative basis, with other powers under terms of the Shanghai defense plan, and instructions for action to be followed.
235
Sept. 9 From the Chief of Naval Operations to the Commander in Chief, United States Asiatic Fleet
Views of Navy Department regarding the International Defense Scheme for Shanghai; instructions for the Commander of the Fourth Regiment of Marines to confer with the Consul General at Shanghai regarding procedure to be followed.
237
Sept. 10 (1082) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, September 9: Information that bandit situation is growing worse, particularly along railway lines.
238
Sept. 10 (525) From the Ambassador in France (tel.)
Conversation of Ambassador Edge, Senator Reed, and the Counselor of Embassy with Prime Minister Herriot, at which Manchurian situation and Japanese attitude were discussed.
239
Sept. 10 From the Ambassador in Japan
Evidence that military element, which now controls the Government, regards the United States as Japan’s chief obstacle and potential enemy, and is encouraging an intensive anti-American press campaign.
240
Sept. 12 (311) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that Post Office Department has suspended parcel post service and money order business to and from Manchuria.
243
Sept. 13 (1087) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, September 12: Further bandit attacks on Chinese Eastern Railway between Changchun and Harbin, resulting in the robbing, wounding, and capture of many passengers.
243
Sept. 14 (1092) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Text of telegram which has been sent to Tientsin, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Dairen, suggesting that inquirers be informed that it is unsafe to travel by the Chinese Eastern Railway at present.
244
Sept. 14 (262) From the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
From Senator Reed: Conversation with MacDonald and Simon in regard to Manchurian situation and Japan’s relations with the League; British concern over Japanese activities in vicinity of Peiping and inquiry as to whether United States has any information in regard to the situation.
244
Sept. 14 (313) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that the Navy Department has issued instructions to the Commander-in-Chief on question of signing of agreements by American military officers in China.
245
Sept 15 (1097) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Shanghai, September 14: Letter of September 14 (text printed) from Colonel Hooker to the Chairman of the Defense Committee, advising that participation of U. S. forces in future emergencies will be decided upon by competent U. S. authorities, and that defense plan will apply tentatively.
246
Sept. 15 (241) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Information that Japanese delegate submitted a letter dated September 14, addressed to the President of the Council, requesting that examination of the Lytton report not take place until Japan was able to present its observations, and suggesting a minimum period of 6 weeks from receipt of report as sufficient.
246
Sept. 15 (233) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Telegram from the “Manchoukuo” government (text printed) advising that it has made certain remittances to the Inspector General of Customs at Shanghai as “Manchoukuo” government’s share of the foreign loan payment; information that no acknowledgment was made to telegram.
246
Sept. 16 (1099) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that formal notes dated September 3 have been received from the Foreign Minister, concerning the seizure of the Customs and Salt Administrations in Manchuria, and advising that no funds have been received from Manchuria for the payment of the foreign loans secured on those revenues.
247
Sept. 16 (234) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Summary of telegram received from the Foreign Minister of “Manchoukuo,” dated September 15, advising of new regulations which will be enforced with respect to China, as of September 25, in regard to customs, tariff, commerce, and navigation.
248
Sept. 16 (235) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Summary of undated telegram from Foreign Minister of “Manchoukuo,” containing his statement issued at the signing of the Japan-”Manchoukuo” protocol (printed on page 253).
249
Sept. 16 (271) From the Chargé in Great Britain (tel.)
Understanding that the British Government is undecided as to what reply it will make if formally notified of Japanese recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
249
Sept. 16 (1103) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, September 14: Report that western line of Chinese Eastern Railway is in the hands of bandits, and that consular body at Harbin has protested to local authorities regarding danger to foreigners.
250
[Sept. 16] To the British Embassy
Information requested by British Foreign Secretary regarding possibility of hostilities between China and Japan in the vicinity of Peiping, and suggestion for neutralization of Pei-ping in event of hostilities; request for views of Foreign Office.
250
Sept. 15 The Japan-”Manchoukuo” Protocol of September 15, 1932
Text of protocol signed at Hsinking.
253
Sept 16 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With the First Secretary of the Chinese Legation
Information from Mr. Kung regarding action taken by the Chinese Government upon learning of Japan’s recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
254
Sept 16 From the Chinese Chargé
Transmittal of note from the Chinese Government (text printed) requesting action by the powers party to the Nine-Power Treaty to deal with the situation arising from Japanese aggression in China and recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
(Footnote: Reply, September 26, that note is receiving Department’s attention.)
255
Sept. 17 (1107) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Lt. Brown, Mukden: Account of ceremonies which marked recognition of “Manchoukuo” by Japan.
256
Sept. 17 (245) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Information as to arrangements for receipt and publication of Lytton report; expectation that Council will acquiesce in Japanese request for 6 weeks’ delay in consideration of the report.
257
Sept. 17 (87) From the Ambassador in Italy (tel.)
Information from Rosso regarding conversations which he had with the Japanese Chargé, who indicated the importance to Japan of the requested delay in consideration of the Lytton report, and referred to the possibility of Japan’s withdrawal from the League.
258
Sept 17 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With the Former Chinese Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs
Mr. Lee’s hope for an encouraging reply to the Chinese note of September 16, and for something which will strengthen the critical position of the present administration; Chinese hope that the League will not grant Japan’s request for a delay in considering the Lytton report, as it is feared Japan only wants time to consolidate its position in Manchuria.
259
Sept. 17 (123) To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Information, for discreet use with responsible inquirers, that the Secretary and General McCoy have had no correspondence in regard to the Lytton report, and that the Department has not received any preliminary report.
261
Sept. 17 (246) To the Chargé in Great Britain (tel.)
Information that the Japanese Government has apparently made no formal notification of the recognition of “Manchoukuo,” and that Department is taking no official cognizance.
262
Sept. 16 Note Sent by the Chinese Government to the Japanese Government on September 16, 1932, Protesting Against the Recognition of the So-called “Manchoukuo”
Text of note.
262
Sept. 19 (542) From the Ambassador in France (tel.)
Summary of conversation of Ambassador Edge, Senator Reed, and Counselor of Embassy with Prime Minister Herriot and three other Foreign Office officials; Herriot’s feeling that Japan’s request for delay should be granted, but agreement that Lytton report should be published as soon as received by the Council.
265
Sept. 21 (1116) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, September 19: Further disturbances on railway lines; suggestion by consular corps that local police force be augmented by 600 Europeans for the protection of foreigners.
266
Sept. 22 (1124) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, September 21: Transshipment of Japanese troops to Tsitsihar, and opinion that Japanese military will make stronger effort to restore order, now that Japan has recognized “Manchoukuo;” granting by Soviet Government of permission for stationing of a “Manchoukuo” consul at Habarovsk.
266
Sept. 22 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With the Former Chinese Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs
Discussion of the Chinese Government’s opposition to Japan’s request for delay in consideration of Lytton report, and growing demand in China for military action against the Japanese.
267
Sept. 22 (133) From the Ambassador in Japan
Transmission of official text and translation of Japan-”Manchoukuo” protocol, and of Embassy’s translation, with comments on certain points in the protocol; information that protocol was reportedly accompanied by a secret military agreement.
269
Sept. 23 (1130) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Inquiries from the Consul General at Mukden as to the propriety of informal correspondence with the “Manchoukuo” customs authorities in certain circumstances; opinion that there is no objection to proposed action and request for Department’s instructions on the general subject.
270
Sept. 23 (2) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
For Wilson: Instructions for guidance in regard to Manchurian question, to be shown also to Senator Reed; U. S. willingness to cooperate with the League, but view that it is the League’s responsibility to formulate a course of action in accordance with the findings of the Lytton report.
271
Sept. 23 To the Consul at Port Said (tel.)
For General McCoy: Belief that General McCoy’s presence in Geneva for next few weeks would be helpful; request to be notified whether this can be arranged.
272
Sept. 24 (395) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Announcement by Soong (text printed) that, due to “Manchoukuo’s” announced policy of treating China as an alien nation in matters of customs, etc., the customshouses at Manchurian ports will be closed and duties which should legally be collected there will temporarily be collected at other Chinese ports. Summary of customs notification issued by Superintendent and Commissioner of Customs on September 24 in accordance with Soong’s announcement.
273
Sept. 24 (267) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Statement by the President of the League Council (text printed) expressing regret at Japan’s action in recognizing “Manchoukuo” while question was still under consideration by the League; decision of Council to grant Japan’s request for delay in consideration of Lytton report, and fixing of November 14 as date of next Council meeting to consider report.
275
Sept. 27 From the Consul at Port Said (tel.)
From General McCoy: Intention to remain near, but not in, Geneva, subject to call.
277
Sept. 27 (329) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions for the Consuls General at Harbin and Mukden, and Department’s confidential views on the subject of the right of the “Manchoukuo” government or its agents to bring suits in the United States Court for China or in consular courts in Manchuria.
277
Sept. 27 (330) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Department’s views on advisability of American Consuls communicating with officials of the “Manchoukuo” regime in regard to cases mentioned in Minister’s telegram No. 1130, of September 23.
279
Sept. 28 (10) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Information that Chinese delegate has requested a meeting of the Assembly Committee of Nineteen to consider fixing the duration of the extension of the time limit for the Lytton report, in accordance with the resolution of July 1, and also to request that steps be taken to prevent Japan from further aggravating the situation.
279
Sept. 29 (1151) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, September 28: Reported revolt of Chinese garrison at Manchouli, and seizure of railway line from Chalantun to Manchouli by railway guard troops.
280
Sept. 29 (395) From the Chargé in Great Britain
Efforts to ascertain informally Foreign Office views on proposal for the neutralization of the Peiping area, and advice by chief of Far Eastern Department that a report has been requested from the British Legation at Peiping in the matter.
280

Chapter XII: October 1–November 30, 1932

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Date and number Subject Page
1932 Oct. 1 (277) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Discussion by Committee of Nineteen of the two questions raised in Chinese delegate’s request of September 26; Committee’s approval of Council President’s statement of September 24 concerning Japan’s recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
281
Oct. 1 (666) From the Consul General at Mukden to the Minister in China
Transmittal of list of principal officials, both Chinese and Japanese, of the “Manchoukuo” government; comments on status of Japanese personnel.
282
Oct. 2 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on October 2, 1932
Information concerning receipt by the Department of the report of the Lytton Commission.
285
Oct. 3 Statement Made by Dr. Lo Wen-kan, Minister of Foreign Affairs at Nanking, Dated October 8, 1932
Comments on Lytton Commission’s report, which has now been published.
286
Oct. 4 (18) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
For Wilson, for General McCoy: Message of congratulation on completion of work.
287
Oct. 4 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With Colonel Manton Davis of the Radio Corporation of America
Discussion concerning the desire of the “Manchoukuo” authorities to sign a new contract with the Radio Corporation.
287
Oct. 5 (1165) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, October 3: Capture of Hulan by anti-”Manchoukuo” forces on September 30.
288
Oct. 5 (21) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Meeting at Lausanne of Davis and Wilson with General McCoy, who will hold himself in readiness to return to Geneva when Commission is summoned by the Council.
288
Oct. 5 (401) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Report of analysis by General McCoy of the present political situation in Japan.
289
Oct. 6 (1169) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, October 5: Reported announcement by Foreign Minister that U. S. Government has approved the Lytton report and Japanese Government has disapproved it; consideration of the report by Central Political Council.
290
Oct. 6 (668) From the Consul General at Mukden to the Minister in China
Report concerning statements in regard to the Lytton report made by a spokesman of the Japanese Embassy to foreign press correspondents.
290
Oct. 7 From Mr. Hsieh Chieh-shih (tel.)
Statement protesting against Lytton Commission’s failure to recognize independence of “Manchoukuo.”
291
Oct. 8 (23) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Beneš’ opinion that first action of the Assembly must be to adopt a resolution obligating League members not to recognize “Manchoukuo.”
292
Oct. 8 (342) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that U. S. Government has made no public comment on the Lytton Commission report.
293
Oct. 9 (169) To the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Comment on news reports from Tokyo, appearing in American press, that Secretary Stimson’s speech at Philadelphia on October 1 was anti-Japanese; transmittal of text of address.
293
Oct. 10 (254) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Attitudes of Foreign Office and War Office toward Secretary Stimson’s speech of October 1.
294
Oct. 10 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State of a Conversation With the French Ambassador
French Government’s interest in the maintenance of treaties in respect to the Far Eastern situation; information that the French Government has refused Japanese proposal for an alliance with France, either military or economic.
295
Oct. 10 (289) From the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
From Davis: Conversation with Simon, who is still considering the Lytton report; Simon’s opinion that United States and Great Britain should consult together regarding their attitude and policy on the Far East, and announce them separately but on the same day; request for Department’s views.
296
Oct. 12 (26) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Information from Chinese delegate concerning conversations with Litvinov for resumption of relations between China and Russia; Litvinov’s declaration that his Government has no intention of recognizing “Manchoukuo.”
297
Oct. 13 (1187) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, October 12: Murder of the wife of a British employee of British American Tobacco Company by a Chinese bandit; information that anti-”Manchoukuo” forces still control Hailar and Manchouli.
298
Oct. 13 (1188) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Reuter report from Canton, October 11: Declaration by Southwestern Political Council that recommendations of Lytton report are worse than the Twenty-one Demands, particularly proposal for autonomy of Manchuria.
298
Oct. 13 Memorandum by the Secretary of State
Conversation with the French Ambassador, who advised that the two chief principles guiding the French Foreign Office in the Far Eastern situation were the necessity of respect for treaties and the need for cooperation between France, Great Britain, and the United States.
298
Oct. 14 (269) To the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
For the Ambassador and Davis: Department’s views, to be communicated to Simon, as to possible action by the United States, Great Britain, and other interested nations, based on the Lytton report.
300
Oct. 14 (163) To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Instructions to bring informally to the attention of the League Secretariat an incorrect statement appearing in the Lytton report regarding the United States, with suggestion for correcting the statement.
301
Oct. 16 (259) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Conversation with Debuchi, who brought up questions of Peiping and movements of Chang Hsueh-liang, and the presence of the U. S. Atlantic Fleet on the West Coast.
302
Oct. 17 (27) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Receipt of information that the Council will begin to discuss the Lytton report on November 14, and that members of the Commission should be available from that date, for a 2-month period; request that War Department be informed.
302
Oct. 17 (24) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
For Wilson: Gratification at view expressed by Beneš (telegram No. 23, October 8, from Geneva), and instructions discreetly to support this view, wherever met.
303
Oct. 18 (307) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Arrangements for making correction in revised edition of Lytton report, as requested by Department.
303
Oct. 19 (1201) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin: Message from Harbin American Chamber of Commerce officially endorsing the protests and reports on local disorders reported by the Consul General at Harbin.
304
Oct. 19 (299) From the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
Information that Simon has been informed orally of the substance of the Department’s telegram No. 269, of October 14, and agrees with views expressed; his comments on the effect of Japan’s recognition of “Manchoukuo.”
304
Oct. 19 (677) From the Consul General at Mukden to the Minister in China
Report on large scale military operations by Japanese against bandits and insurgents in eastern border districts of Liaoning, and on existing conditions in that region.
305
Oct. 20 (379 Pol.) From the Consul at Geneva
Report of private conversation with Yen on Chinese policy in regard to the consideration of the Lytton report by the Council and the Extraordinary Assembly in meetings to begin in November.
308
Oct. 21 (170) From the Ambassador in Japan
Indications that Japanese Army or Government has plans regarding North China, Mongolia, and Manchuria; substance of report by Military Attaché on these plans.
312
Oct. 27 (173) To the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Excerpt (text printed) from an address by the Secretary at Pittsburgh, October 26, containing reference to the Far Eastern situation.
314
Oct. 28 (262) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Information that Japan is considering the conclusion of a nonaggression pact with Russia, but that Soviet Embassy has advised confidentially that it will not consider recognition of “Manchoukuo” in connection with the pact.
315
Oct. 28 (312) From the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
From Davis: Opinion as to necessity of American cooperation with and support of Great Britain and France in determining League policy and action in dealing with the Lytton report and Far Eastern situation.
315
Oct. 28 (313) From the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)
From Davis: Summary of a conversation at the Foreign Office, at which Ambassador Mellon, Mr. Davis, and Mr. Atherton were present, during which Lord Lytton gave his opinion as to action which should be taken by the powers and action likely to be taken by Japan on the Lytton report.
(Footnote: Information that a memorandum of the conversation was transmitted in despatch No. 469, November 3.)
316
Oct. 29 (392 Pol.) From the Consul at Geneva
Analysis of official opinion in Geneva regarding the Sino-Japanese situation, and possible developments when consideration of the dispute is resumed in November.
317
Oct 31 (395 Pol.) From the Consul in Geneva
Conversation with Drummond, who gave his opinion on two aspects of the Sino-Japanese question: (1) the possibility of convening the parties to the Nine-Power Treaty to consider the situation; (2) the strengthening of the position of the Chinese National Government.
322
Nov. 3 To the Ambassador in Japan
Acknowledgment of a personal letter from Grew regarding the Secretary’s policy in the Far Eastern situation.
325
Nov. 3 (469) From the Ambassador in Great Britain
Transmittal of copies of two memoranda (texts printed), one by the Foreign Office, and the other by the American Embassy, of a discussion at the Foreign Office on October 26, at which the Ambassador, Mr. Davis, and Mr. Atherton were present.
326
Nov. 5 (187) From the Ambassador in Japan
Report by the Counselor of Embassy (text printed) of his observations on the situation in North China, following a trip to Peiping.
333
Nov. 6 (35) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From Davis: Conversation with Drummond, in which Wilson and Davis expressed their personal views against the advisability of including in the resolution of the Assembly on the Lytton report plans for the reconstruction of China.
336
Nov. 7 From Mr. Hsieh Chieh-shih (tel.)
Text of a statement issued by the “Manchoukuo” government on its desire to float a loan of 30 million gold yen and decision to obtain funds in Japanese market.
337
Nov. 8 (103) From the Chargé in Italy (tel.)
From Davis: Conversation with Mussolini on Manchurian question, and observations as to Italian attitude.
337
Nov. 8 (683) From the Consul General at Mukden to the Minister in China
Information concerning certain cases of Japanese ruthlessness toward civilian population in connection with their operations against bandits.
338
Nov. 9 (36) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From General McCoy: Request to be furnished by the Department, through the Minister, information pertinent to the consideration of the Lytton report.
341
Nov. 11 (30) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
For Wilson and Davis: Instructions to furnish General McCoy with pertinent information.
342
Nov. 14 (31) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
U. S. views in regard to suggestion for turning over Manchurian question to a conference under the Nine-Power Treaty, to be expressed confidentially if occasion calls for it.
342
Nov. 14 (454) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From Davis: Opinion of Drummond, who has recently conferred with Simon in London, that United States can rely upon British support in Manchurian policy.
343
Nov. 15 (268) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Opposition of various factions in Japan to proposed bond issue to meet cost of Manchurian campaign.
344
Nov. 15 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Japanese Chargé’s on November 14, 1932
Chargé’s indication that presence of the American fleet in the Pacific is irritating to Japan, and opinion that atmosphere would be improved if some of the ships were sent to the Atlantic; reply that disposition of the fleet is a matter for U. S. Government to decide.
344
Nov. 15 (41) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Information that Drummond has now given up any idea of referring the Manchurian question to a conference of powers signatory to the Nine-Power Treaty; request for Department’s observations on Manchurian situation as Council will begin consideration of the Lytton report on November 21.
346
Nov. 16 (1253) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, November 15: Report, confirmed by Japanese military authorities, of the sending of reinforcements to the western front, and belief that General Su will soon come to terms.
346
Nov. 17 Memorandum by the Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Irish Minister
Minister’s inquiry, presumably on behalf of President De Valera, who is now presiding at the League Council, as to whether there has been any change in the Secretary’s Manchurian policy; advice that there has not been; comments on U. S. position.
347
Nov. 19 (36) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
For Wilson: General observations and review of Department’s previous telegrams and other documents setting forth U. S. position in regard to the Far East and Manchuria for guidance during the League’s consideration of the Lytton report.
347
Nov. 19 (45) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From Davis and Wilson: Summary of conversation with Matsuoka, Japan’s new chief delegate at Geneva, regarding Japan’s attitude toward Russia and the United States, and her determination to carry through her present policy in Manchuria, even if this necessitates withdrawing from the League.
349
Nov. 19 Memorandum by the Minister in China of a Conversation With the Consul General at Mukden
Discussion of procedure to be followed by Consulate General at Mukden in assisting American citizens to make claims for losses suffered as a result of Japanese occupation of Manchuria.
353
Nov. 20 (1262) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, November 17: Report, from Soviet sources, that General Su refuses to negotiate with Japanese-“Manchoukuo” delegation.
354
Nov. 21 (328) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Consideration of Lytton report in Council meeting, at which President gave brief résumé of status of question and Japanese representative set forth observations of his Government.
354
Nov. 21 (D–383) From the Consul General at Nanking
Summary of conversations with the Secretary of the Japanese Legation, and with the Chinese Foreign Minister, on certain aspects of the Sino-Japanese controversy, including rumored plan for the appointment by the League of an international commission to settle the controversy.
355
Nov. 22 (330) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Report that in a late Council meeting on November 21 the Chinese representative replied to the Japanese observations and presented the Chinese observations on the Lytton report.
358
Nov. 22 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State
Denial by French Ambassador of a newspaper report that France was negotiating a secret alliance with Japan and was making a large loan to Japan; comments on Manchurian situation and Lytton report.
359
Nov. 22 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With Dr. Sao-ke Alfred Sze
Message from Chinese Government expressing hope for U. S. action to prevent delay in connection with League action on the Lytton report; Department’s position that this is a matter of League internal procedure.
361
Nov. 22 (48) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From Davis: Conversation with the German representative, who indicated his opinion that peace in the Far East should be worked out by the League in accordance with the Lytton Commission’s recommendations, and in cooperation with the United States and Russia.
362
Nov. 23 (334) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Report on Council meeting: Summary of Japanese replies to certain points contained in Chinese observations; request of Council for opinion of Lytton Commission as to whether their recommendations should be modified in any way as a result of the Chinese and Japanese observations, and Lytton’s reply (text printed), that he will consult with members of Commission.
362
Nov. 23 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Account of atrocities committed by Japanese troops in three Chinese villages near Fushun; information that two villages near Liaoyang met with similar fate.
365
Nov. 24 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Determination of Generals Su-Ping-Wen, Pun-Ting-Shang, and Ma-Chan-Shan to resist the Japanese in Manchuria.
366
Nov. 25 (336) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Summary of Council’s proceedings on November 24 in which Chinese representative set forth Chinese position on what they considered the main issues; discussion as to the competence of the Lytton Commission.
367
Nov. 25 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Announcement by Soong to the U. S., British, French, and Italian representatives denying reports of direct negotiations between China and Japan on the Manchurian question, and requesting that they advise their Governments that China looks to the League for settlement of the question.
368
Nov. 25 (50) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From Davis and Wilson: Probability that Assembly will refer settlement of the Manchurian question to the Committee of Nineteen, or some other smaller body, and question of American cooperation in a body in which a Soviet representative will be sitting; recommendation of General McCoy as a suitable American representative if United States participates in such a committee.
368
Nov. 25 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Information regarding Soong’s discrediting of Japanese circulated rumors of direct Chinese-Japanese negotiations.
369
Nov. 26 (339) From the Consul General at Geneva (tel.)
Council session of November 25: Japanese reservations respecting competence of the Lytton Commission, and declaration (text printed) regarding President’s proposal to submit dispute to the Assembly; Chinese representative’s endorsement of President’s proposal.
370
Nov. 28 (340) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Council’s unanimous decision (Japan abstaining) to refer the Sino-Japanese dispute to the Assembly; Japanese maintenance of previous reservation regarding application of article XV of the Covenant; action of President in thanking Lytton Commission interpreted as dissolving the Commission.
371
Nov. 28 (275) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Comments on Japanese position as expressed by Matsuoka at Geneva, and opinion that restraint is best course to follow in dealing with Japan.
372
Nov. 28 (39) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
For Wilson: Inquiry as to whether proposal for declaration of nonrecognition of and noncooperation with “Manchoukuo” has been abandoned by League; feeling as to importance of making such a declaration now.
373
Nov. 29 (1277) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, November 27: Information that local Chinese and Russian merchants, teachers, and others are being forced to sign petitions prepared at Hsinking, addressed to the League, protesting against the Lytton report and praising “Manchoukuo.”
374
Nov. 29 (344) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Information that General McCoy is remaining on call in Geneva in connection with forthcoming Assembly meetings, at request of Lord Lytton.
374
Nov. 29 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With the First Secretary of the Chinese Legation
Reports from Chinese Foreign Office regarding Japanese attempts to provoke incidents in North China, and regarding disappointment of Japanese Minister to China over lack of success of his recommendations for China, believed to be of a moderate nature, presented on his recent trip to Japan.
375
Nov. 29 Memorandum by the Secretary of State of a Conversation With the German Ambassador
Secretary’s opinion as to the importance of the ratification of the Nine-Power Treaty by Germany in the near future; Ambassador’s agreement to take the matter up with his Government.
375
Nov. 30 (52) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Opinion that idea of a declaration of nonrecognition has not been abandoned, but that there has been no opportunity for discussion as yet; belief that it would be more advantageous if declaration is made without any pressure from American representatives.
376
Nov. 30 (1281) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, November 29: Beginning of Japanese drive against forces of General Su, who is reported to be willing to negotiate with “Manchoukuo”-Heilungkiang Chinese officials but not with Japanese military.
377
Nov. 30 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With the Second Secretary of the French Embassy
French Government’s opinion that proposed Japanese loan to “Manchoukuo” is contrary to provisions of the International Banking Consortium agreement, to which Japan is a party, and desire for U. S. views; reply that matter will be given attention.
377
Dec. 1 (277) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Information that a Japanese embassy has been established in “Manchoukuo.”
378
Dec. 1 (346) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Consideration by Committee of Nineteen of Chinese request for the drafting of a proposal fixing length of extension of prescribed period for completion of Assembly’s report; Committee’s conclusion that such a proposal could not be prepared until the Assembly had considered the question as a whole.
379
Dec. 1 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Information that in a formal note to the Soviet Government, General Su Ping-wen denied Japanese report that he had sued for peace, and affirmed that his army and all other volunteer armies in Manchuria are determined to resist the Japanese.
379
Dec. 1 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Formal return of the seat of the National Government from Loyang to Nanking; reports of oppression of people within Japanese-occupied territory.
380
Dec. 2 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Evidence that Japan is preparing for an attack on Jehol.
381
Dec. 2 (53) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Conversation with Drummond regarding probable action of Committee of Nineteen and the Assembly; outline of a possible three-point resolution for adoption by the Assembly; suggestion, in event it is felt essential to have a definite declaration of nonrecognition, that Wilson and Davis have confidential talks with chief French and British representatives. Request for Department’s views before Assembly meeting of December 6.
381
Dec. 3 (1289) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, December 2: Japanese claim that they have now retaken Chinese Eastern Railway between Fulyaerdi and Chalantun, except at one point where 8,000 Chinese soldiers are now under attack.
383
Dec. 4 (55) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From Davis and Wilson: Feeling of General McCoy that he should not act on a League committee to find a solution of the Sino-Japanese controversy after having served on a commission which rendered judgment on the case.
383
Dec. 4 (56) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From Davis and Wilson: Belief, after careful consideration of all facts, that League should adopt nonrecognition declaration, and request to know if Department wishes the suggested talks with Herriot and MacDonald to be held.
384
Dec. 4 (43) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
For Wilson: Nonobjection to cooperation in body including a Soviet representative, and willingness to participate in deliberations of Committee of Nineteen provided it is understood that jurisdiction and responsibility would remain with the League.
385
Dec. 4 (44) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
For Wilson: Opinion that it is important that League adopt a resolution declaring nonrecognition of “Manchoukuo;” instructions not to take initiative in expressing this view, but to advocate it if approached by any representatives of Governments members of the League.
386
Dec. 5 (1295) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Reuter report from Nanking, December 3: Official denial by General Chiang Kai-shek of rumor that he personally favored direct negotiations with Japan.
386
Dec. 5 (1293) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, December 3: Rumors of Japanese plans to install Pu-yi as Emperor of a Manchu-Mongol Empire, for purposes of obtaining the support of all Mongolians and Monarchists and to facilitate a possible future extension of territory.
387
Dec. 5 (45) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
For Davis and Wilson: Approval of suggestion for confidential talks with chief delegates of Great Britain and France.
388
Dec. 6 (1296) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, December 5: Information that Japanese have taken several stations on western line of Chinese Eastern Railway and are advancing on Hailar.
388
Dec. 6 Memorandum by the Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Canadian Minister, December 6, 1932, noon
Information regarding proposed Canadian policy on the Manchurian question to be adopted at the Assembly meeting; Secretary’s comment that Canadian and U. S. views seem to coincide generally.
388
Undated To the French Embassy
Views, in reply to French inquiry of November 30, regarding question of proposed Japanese loan to “Manchoukuo.”
390
Dec. 6 (351) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Account of Assembly plenary meeting at which Chinese and Japanese delegates made extended addresses.
391
Dec. 7 (1298) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, December 6: Newspaper reports that the Japanese took Hailar on December 5.
393
Dec. 7 (352) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Speeches on the Sino-Japanese conflict at December 6 Assembly meeting by representatives of the Irish Free State, Czechoslovakia, Sweden, and Norway, who were agreed on certain basic principles.
393
Dec. 7 (353) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Continuation of discussions in Assembly on Sino-Japanese dispute by representatives of Spain, Switzerland, Greece, and Guatemala.
394
Dec. 7 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Reports from General Chang Hsueh-liang that Japanese are inciting people of Jehol to declare their independence; that the “Manchoukuo” authorities are compelling individuals and public organizations to write letters for the purpose of influencing the League deliberations, and that they are also being instructed to petition for the restoration of the monarchy under Pu-yi.
395
Dec. 7 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Information concerning contents of a note addressed by the Foreign Minister on December 6 to the Japanese Minister, protesting massacre of Chinese farm people at Fushun by Japanese troops.
395
Dec. 7 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Report by General Tang Chu-wu, of the Self-Defense Army of Manchuria (which was also sent by cable to the League of Nations) regarding Japanese attempts to bribe him, and wanton and destructive acts and atrocities committed by Japanese Army following his refusal of their offer.
396
Dec. 8 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Report that volunteer forces in Manchuria are rallying for counterattack against Japanese forces.
398
Dec. 8 (354) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Joint draft resolution by the delegations of Czechoslovakia, Irish Free State, Spain, and Sweden, communicated to the Assembly on December 7 authorizing the Committee of Nineteen to request the cooperation of the United States and Soviet Russia in negotiations for settlement of the dispute.
398
Dec. 8 (355) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Draft resolution by Swiss and Czechoslovak delegations, (text printed), to be associated with previous draft resolution, embodying certain suggestions for procedure to be followed by Committee of Nineteen.
399
Dec. 8 (356) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Résumé of general discussion in the Assembly, December 7; comment that French position appeared more definite than that of any of the other great powers, and that statement of the British representative was general and guarded in nature.
399
Dec. 8 (357) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Continuation of general discussion, with speeches by representatives of eight countries, which tended to follow lead of great powers in previous meeting, in urging settlement through conciliation.
401
Dec. 8 (358) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Point of order raised by Japanese representative on the four-power draft resolution of December 7, and President’s reply that it would be considered at the termination of the general discussions.
402
Dec. 8 To the French Ambassador
Reply to French inquiry concerning mooring of American and French flagship cruisers at Shanghai, that Navy Department concurs in view of Commander-in-Chief of U. S. Asiatic fleet, as previously expressed, declining French proposal.
403
Dec. 8 (59) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From Davis: Discussion with Simon concerning his speech before the Assembly favoring conciliatory policy and its effect on the Japanese delegate; Simon’s assurance that the British Government had not changed its decision to stand with the United States and that it does not intend to recognize “Manchoukuo,” and intention to advise Matsuoka accordingly.
403
Dec. 9 (49) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
To Davis and Wilson: Impression, based on conversation with Canadian Minister on December 6, that Canada wishes a sympathetic and cooperative relation with the United States in regard to the Manchurian question.
404
Dec. 9 (48) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
For Davis: Approval of views expressed to Simon regarding his speech in the Assembly. Views as to necessity for League, and particularly Great Britain, to take a firm stand on behalf of principles, and permission to express these views confidentially to MacDonald.
405
Dec. 9 (359) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Closing of general discussion with rejoinders of China and Japan; résumés of speeches of Chinese and Japanese delegates.
406
Dec. 9 (361) From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)
Discussion in private meeting of Assembly of the two resolutions of December 7, and arrangements for a Presidential declaration to the Assembly and amendment of the second resolution to meet the Japanese objection.
409
Dec. 10 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Report by Marshal Chang Hsiao-liang of estimated number of men killed in the Three Eastern Provinces between September 18, 1931, and December 5, 1932, in various cruel ways.
410
Dec. 10 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Receipt of information that General Su Ping-wen was permitted to depart from Soviet territory, but that a number of soldiers were willing to remain.
410
Dec. 10 From the Consul General at Tientsin (tel.)
To the Legation: Report of incident near Shanhaikuan involving a Japanese armored train.
(Footnote: Information in telegram of December 12 that incident was satisfactorily adjusted and that Japanese train withdrew northward beyond the Wall.)
411
Dec. 11 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Unfavorable reception given Simon’s speech in Assembly by Chinese press; summary of comments appearing in various Chinese newspapers.
411
Dec. 11 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Visit of Foreign Minister, who expressed disappointment at Simon’s speech, and said that China hoped she would be given the moral backing of the League in her determination to resist Japan.
413
Dec. 12 (61) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From McCoy: Decision, after consulting with Davis and Wilson, to sail for the United States on December 15 unless instructed to the contrary.
413
Dec. 12 (62) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From Davis and Wilson: Information from Drummond of a reported conversation between the Japanese Chargé d’Affaires and Under Secretary Castle, in which the Under Secretary expressed doubt as to whether the United States would accept an invitation to participate in the work of the Committee of Nineteen; belief that there must have been some misunderstanding involved in this report.
413
Dec. 12 (50) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
For Davis and Wilson: Advice that report of conversation between the Japanese Chargé and Under Secretary Castle was misleading; memorandum of the conversation (text printed).
414
Dec. 12 (64) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Appointment by Committee of Nineteen, in private session, of a subcommittee to draft recommendations; suggestion by Drummond of certain texts for discussion at meeting of subcommittee on following day.
414
Dec. 12 (51) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
To Davis and Wilson: View that adoption of the Lytton report and resolution of nonrecognition are essential steps prior to efforts at conciliation, and feeling that League’s action in referring the Manchurian question to the Committee of Nineteen without these prior steps makes it difficult for the United States to participate in the work of a conciliation committee.
415
Dec. 13 (279) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Information that British Ambassador, under instructions from his Government, urged the Foreign Minister to agree to proposed conciliation commission, adding that alternative would be for the League to proceed under article 15, paragraph 4, of the Covenant.
417
Dec. 13 (65) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From Davis: Report of satisfactory talk with Simon, details of which will be cabled later; assurance by Canadian delegate that his Government’s attitude is in accord with U. S. Government’s on Manchurian question.
417
Dec. 13 (66) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
From Davis: Information that the Japanese delegation in Geneva favors U. S. participation in conciliation work of the Committee of Nineteen, but that the Japanese Government opposes it; suggestion that Ambassador Grew might be instructed to talk with Japanese Foreign Minister in effort to overcome Japanese objections.
418
Dec. 14 (280) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Japanese disapproval of the issuance of invitations to the United States and Russia to be represented on the conciliation commission for the reason that, those countries not being members of the League, they could not share its obligations.
419
Dec. 14 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Discussion with General Chiang Kai-shek regarding American attitude toward participating in the deliberations of the Committee of Nineteen.
419
Dec. 14 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Favorable comment by Chinese press on resumption of diplomatic relations between China and Soviet Russia; editorial comment that U. S. reluctance to participate in conciliation committee was caused by the difference in views of Simon and Secretary Stimson on the nonrecognition question.
420
Dec. 14 (720) From the Ambassador in France (tel.)
From Davis: Personal letter from Simon (excerpt printed) summarizing his position on Sino-Japanese controversy and insisting that there is no difference in principle between British and American policy; intention to reply calling attention to necessity for resolution of nonrecognition based on March 11 resolution and Lytton report.
420
Dec. 14 (68) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Drafting of resolution by subcommittee appointed by Committee of Nineteen; Drummond’s suggestion for an alternative paragraph on nonrecognition declaration to meet U. S. views and desire to know whether United States would consider terms of resolution as a suitable basis for participation in the work of conciliation.
422
Undated Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation
Between the Secretary and Wilson, December 15: Discussion of draft resolution and Secretary’s position that final judgment must be reserved until full text has been received.
424
Dec. 15 (53) To the Acting Chairman of the American Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference (tel.)
For Wilson: Opinion that no approach to either Japan or the League in regard to American participation in conciliation procedure should be made before action by the League on questions of principle and procedure; reaffirmation of position set forth in telephone conversation.
428
Dec. 15 (70) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Drummond’s opinion that League faces two alternatives, (1) attempts at conciliation with hope of Japanese concurrence, and (2) action under article XV, paragraph 4, with probability that Japan will withdraw from the League.
429
Dec. 15 (71) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Text of statement of reasons adopted by Committee of Nineteen, in connection with draft resolution to be submitted to Assembly.
430
Dec. 15 (72) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Texts of two resolutions adopted by the Committee of Nineteen, one setting up a committee to conduct negotiations for conciliation, and the other thanking the Lytton Commission for its report.
432
Dec. 15 (73) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Report of secret meeting of Committee of Nineteen at which statement of reasons and draft resolutions were accepted, procedure for presentation to Assembly agreed upon, and a communiqué (text printed) issued regarding action taken.
433
Dec. 15 (2507) From the Consul General at Harbin to the Minister in China
Transmittal of copies of two memoranda submitted by a Russian, regarding (1) Japanese request for the handing over of General Su Ping-wen, and (2) the situation in Japan.
434
Dec. 15 (707) From the Consul General at Mukden to the Minister in China
Information as to probable number of victims of Fushun massacre of September 15.
435
Dec. 16 (74) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Suggestion for including in acceptance of League invitation to participate in negotiations committee a provision that the American representative will not take part in the performance of the committee’s duty which involves application of article XII of the League Covenant.
436
Dec. 16 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Discussion with Foreign Minister of question of China’s acceptance of draft resolution.
436
Dec. 16 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Information that Japanese have consented to Manchurian puppet government’s plan to set up a monarchy with Pu-yi as emperor, but disapproved restoration of Manchu dynasty.
437
Dec. 16 (75) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Discussion with Japanese delegate of his objections to statement of reasons and draft resolution of Committee of Nineteen, and his opinion that neither could be accepted in their present form.
437
Dec. 16 (229) From the Ambassador in Japan
Reaction in Japan to resumption of diplomatic relations between China and Soviet Russia, particularly in regard to its possible effect on the Manchurian situation.
440
Dec. 16 (L–432) From the Consul General at Nanking to the Minister in China
Comments on an address by General Chiang Kai-shek at a meeting in his honor on December 14, in which he stressed the importance of the unification of China.
441
Dec. 17 (231) From the Ambassador in Japan
Communication from the “Manchoukuo” representative in Japan (text printed) in regard to proposed action by “Manchoukuo” regime for liquidation of obligations incurred by the former officials; information that no acknowledgment was made of the letter.
442
Dec. 18 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Chinese press comments regarding Simon’s reported explanation that in his speech in the Assembly he had not taken sides, but had only attempted to promote conciliation.
443
Dec. 19 (76) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Draft text of proposal for adjournment of Committee of Nineteen until January 16, 1933, to allow time for conversations with contending parties based on Committee’s two draft resolutions and statement of reasons.
444
Dec. 19 (283) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Inquiry from the Consul at Dairen as to style of address to use in communicating with customs officials at Dairen; suggestion that he be instructed to use “Commissioner of Customs, Dairen,” without other designation.
445
Dec. 20 (189) To the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Nonobjection to use of proposed style of address, but suggestion that Consul at Dairen endeavor to transact business on personal and/or informal basis.
445
Dec. 20 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With the Former Chinese Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs
Comment by Mr. Lee concerning resumption of diplomatic relations between China and Russia and inquiry as to impression made in the United States, particularly in official circles, by this action; discussion of possibility of Japanese military movement against Jehol.
446
Dec. 20 (77) From the Minister in Switzerland (tel.)
Summary of concluding meeting of the Committee of Nineteen.
447
Dec. 20 (1880) From the Minister in China
Conversations with various Chinese officials, including the Foreign Minister, between December 5 and December 16, indicating that Chinese Government is anxious for the United States to take a more active part in the Si no-Japanese dispute, either through the League or by action under the Nine-Power Treaty.
449
Dec. 20 Memorandum by the Military Attaché in China
Conclusions regarding a reported resolution passed by Plenary Session authorizing Government direction of anti-Japanese boycott, Government assistance to volunteer forces in Manchuria, and employment of Government troops in Jehol.
450
Dec. 22 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Enunciation by Foreign Minister, before Third Plenary Session of the Central Executive Committee, of principles to which the Chinese Government must adhere in regard to a settlement of the Sino-Japanese dispute.
451
Dec. 23 (459 Pol.) From the Consul at Geneva
Opinion as to League’s probable course of action when Committee of Nineteen reconvenes after the first of the year; possibility of action under paragraph 4 of article XV of the Covenant, and comment on attitudes of large and small powers.
451
Dec. 24 (L–441) From the Consul General at Nanking to the Minister in China
Two divergent policies advocated by Chinese political leaders: (1) the use of immediate military action against Japan for the recovery of Manchuria, advocated by the Cantonese faction; (2) the organization and unification of the country politically before taking open opposition to Japan, urged by General Chiang Kai-shek.
457
Dec. 27 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With the Former Chinese Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs
Discussion of probability of military operations beginning in the Jehol area soon, and Mr. Lee’s assertion that in event of Japanese attack, China will resist with regular forces.
458
Dec. 28 (1392) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Reuter report from Nanking, December 27: Information that the Chinese Government is studying the situation in Outer Mongolia, with a view to establishment of a rapprochement between Nanking and Urga.
459
Dec. 28 Memorandum by the First Secretary of the Embassy in Great Britain of a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador
Discussion of the various proposals for a solution of the Sino-Japanese difficulties over Manchuria; Ambassador’s opinion that the question could only be settled by the passage of time, and suggestion that the United States should hold the question of Manchuria open for the time being, just as Japan was leaving open its account with the United States in regard to the exclusion law.
459
Dec. 29 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Information contained in reports of General Tang Yu-lin revealing Japanese plans for occupation of Pei-Piao and other places in Jehol.
462
Dec. 29 From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the Chinese Legation
Information as to Japanese preparations for campaign in Jehol.
463

CHINA

Measures Taken by the United States for the Protection of American Lives and Property in China

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Date and number Subject Page
1932 Jan. 8 (3) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information that because of heavy Communist attack at Hwangpei, American women and children at the Lutheran Theological Seminary have been advised to withdraw for a few days.
464
Jan. 8 (5) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Looting of Standard Oil Company motor vessel Meishan.
464
Jan. 11 (7) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information that four Chinese members of the crew of the Meishan were kidnaped by bandits and are being held as prisoners.
464
Jan. 18 (10) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Firing on Yangtze Rapid Steamship Company motor vessel Chita, in which Chinese quartermaster was killed and one Chinese crew member injured.
465
Jan. 18 (11) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Capture by bandits of the master, who is an American citizen named Charles Baker, and six Chinese crew members from Yangtze Rapid lighter on January 15 at Low Point.
465
Jan. 21 (13) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information regarding whereabouts of Baker and plans for obtaining his release from bandits.
465
Jan. 22 (110) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, January 21: Representations to Foreign Office, in name of the Legation, requesting urgent action to learn whereabouts of Baker and to effect his release; Foreign Office’s promise to send instructions to the provincial authorities in the matter.
466
Jan. 25 (16) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information from bandits that Baker’s ransom will be determined by Hupeh Soviet government and communicated by messenger at Pailochi on January 28; willingness of Yangtze Rapid Steamship Company to pay 10,000 silver dollars for Baker’s release.
467
Jan. 25 (23) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions to urge upon Chinese authorities the necessity for prompt action in effecting Baker’s release.
467
Jan. 28 (17) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Text of message received from Baker; preliminary demands of bandits for release of 500 Communists held at Hankow and Shanghai and for money and merchandise totaling more than a million dollars.
467
Jan. 30 (20) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information that one member of the crew of the Meishan is being held for ransom by Communists while others are being released.
468
Jan. 30 (21) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Communist attack on Hanyang and evacuation of five American residents to Hankow.
469
Jan. 31 (161) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, January 30: Opinion that a destroyer should be stationed at Wuhu and one additional ship at Nanking.
469
Feb. 2 (22) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Doubt that General Ho can accomplish plan to secure Baker’s release through a military expedition, and suggestion to President Hoyt of the Yangtze Rapid Steamship Company that he send his agent to conduct negotiations with the bandits according to his original plan.
469
Feb. 3 (23) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Latest demands by captors of Rev. Bert N. Nelson (American missionary kidnaped in 1930), for release of five unnamed Communist prisoners held by Chinese Government rather than further payment of money or merchandise for Nelson’s release.
470
Feb. 3 (184) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hankow, February 2: Consideration by consular body of Hankow of safety measures in event of possible Communist attack on Hankow.
470
Feb. 7 (205) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hankow, February 6: Telegram from Bishop O’Shea (text printed) requesting aid, as Kanchow is beseiged by large Communist army; request to Nanchang Government for protection for two American missionaries at Kanchow.
472
Feb. 8 From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Appeal for help from Bishop O’Shea, Kanchow (text printed), to Lazaristes mission, which reports that there are 11 American missionaries in Kanchow vicinity. (Repeated to Hankow, Canton, and Legation.)
473
Feb. 8 (210) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Legation’s instructions to Hankow (text printed) on general plans for protection of Americans in event of Communist attack on Wuhan; Minister’s indication that situation would be handled as it develops, in cooperation with Admiral Williams.
473
Feb. 8 (46) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Approval of instructions to Hankow, and request that Department be kept informed of developments.
474
Feb. 9 (26) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information that a further written appeal from Baker has been received, and that the Ichang agent of Yangtze Rapid Steamship Company is negotiating with Communists for his release.
474
Feb. 9 (214) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that Consul General at Nanking has been instructed to deliver message to Foreign Minister (text printed), requesting protection for American missionaries at Kanchow, and that Consuls General at Hankow and Canton have also been instructed to make representations on the subject.
474
Feb. 10 (50) To the Minister in China (tel.)
List of American citizens at Kanchow, supplied by National Catholic Welfare Conference; desire that Legation and appropriate Consulates continue efforts for protection of American citizens.
475
Feb. 18 (32) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information that bandits, after receiving payment of 10,000 silver dollars from Yangtze Rapid agent, refused to deliver Baker and are requesting $50,000 in addition.
476
Feb. 19 (253) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hankow, February 18: Opinion of Admiral Williams that naval force now available at Hankow could only defend Consulate and Navy godown.
476
Feb. 19 (33) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Promise of Chinese naval officer at Hankow to Admiral Williams to send Chinese naval vessel to attempt to negotiate with bandits for release of Captain Baker.
477
Feb. 20 (34) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Suggestion to General Ho Chen Chun that taking of hostages from village of Pailochi might be effective in securing release of Captain Baker.
477
Feb. 21 (259) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hankow, February 20: Information that General Ho Chen Chun has refused request by Public Safety Bureau that British forces defend the bund of the ex-British concession in event of Communist attack.
478
Feb. 21 (35) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Renewal of representations to Kiangsi authorities concerning American missionaries at Kanchow; destruction of telegraph line to Kanchow by bandits.
478
Feb. 22 (57) From the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)
Note to Foreign Minister (excerpt printed) informing him of impossibility of communicating with American citizens at Kanchow by telegraph and requesting that Chinese authorities endeavor to ascertain whether these people are in danger and to extend necessary protection.
478
Feb. 23 (36) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information from local representative of Lutheran United Mission that Kwangchow, Honan, is threatened by large Communist force; telegraphic request to Honan Government to protect Americans in Kwangchow.
479
Feb. 24 (268) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions to the Consul General at Nanking to make representations at the Foreign Office for protection of Lutheran United Mission at Kwangchow.
479
Feb. 25 (275) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hankow, February 24: General plan, agreed to by Admiral Williams, for defense to cover evacuation, and not for holding port, as previously suggested. Information that Legation has discussed plan with Military and Naval Attachés, who approved it.
480
Mar. 11 From the Consul General at Canton (tel.)
Information from the military that Communists raised seige of Kwangchow at approach of Kwantung forces and that Americans there are believed safe.
480
Mar. 14 (42) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information that Communist attack on Kwangchow has been defeated and that Americans residing there are unharmed.
481
Mar. 17 (43) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Futility of efforts of Chinese naval forces to secure Baker’s release; suggestion that representations be made to General Chiang Kai-shek or Minister of the Navy for seizure of hostages at Pailochi with which to force Baker’s release.
481
Mar. 18 (107) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Information that Hankow is being requested to repeat to the Minister its telegram No. 43 of March 17 to the Department; request to be advised of any steps which have been taken by Foreign Office, and instructions to urge Chinese Government to take prompt and effective action.
482
Mar. 21 (44) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Opinion of Admiral Williams and Chinese senior naval officer at Hankow that taking of hostages is impracticable; suggestion that offer of American participation in Chinese naval action might strengthen representations to Chinese Government. Information that Minister has been informed.
482
Mar. 24 (45) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Suggestion for payment of Baker’s ransom in wheat, through local branch of National Flood Relief Organization. Information that Minister has been informed.
483
Mar. 25 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Feeling that American participation in taking of hostages would be dangerous undertaking.
484
Mar. 26 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Doubtfulness as to propriety of suggesting use of flood relief wheat for obtaining Baker’s release.
484
Mar. 26 (118) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Instructions to assume direction of Baker case; Department’s opinion that course of action should be determined by Chinese Government; authorization to press for action with Chinese officials concerned in accordance with suggestions in telegram No. 43 of March 17, from Hankow.
484
Mar. 28 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Belief that payment of ransom by the Chinese Government is best means of securing Baker’s release; intention, if it seems advisable, to instruct a Legation staff member and Captain Mayer to get in touch with officials concerned.
485
Mar. 28 (120) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Instructions to bring to the attention of the Chinese Government all practicable means for securing release of Baker, including use of wheat, and hostages, but to point out that payment of ransom by Chinese Government would appear to be the best means.
486
Mar. 29 (411) From the American Minister in China to the Chinese Minister for Foreign Affairs
Representations in the case of Rev. Bert Nelson.
486
Apr. 1 (L. No. 104) From the Consul General at Hankow to the Minister in China
Transmittal of copy of a letter to Bishop O’Shea urging withdrawal of Americans in southern Kiangsi to a less dangerous area; information that copies have also been sent to the Lazarist Mission in Shanghai and to the Department.
(Notification by Department to National Catholic Welfare Conference at Washington.)
488
Apr. 7 (1468) From the Minister in China
Transmittal of correspondence with Mukden Consulate General concerning question of issuance of consular proclamations for protection of American goods in possession of Chinese shops, and request for Department’s instructions.
488
Apr. 13 (140) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Instructions for vigorous action in bringing Baker case before Chinese Government, including detail of a ranking officer of Legation staff to prosecute case with Chinese officials concerned at Hankow.
489
Apr. 14 To the Consul General at Hankow
Opinion that it is inadvisable for Department to send general notices to mission organizations in the United States regarding evacuation of American citizens from dangerous localities; willingness, however, to take action in special cases upon consular officer’s telegraphic request.
490
Apr. 15 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Representations on Baker’s behalf, through Consul General at Nanking, to Soong; Soong’s arrangements for T. C. Hsi, an official of National Flood Relief, to proceed to Hankow, with powers to use wheat for securing Baker’s release.
490
Apr. 15 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Letter dated March 27 from Baker to Hoyt’s assistant (text printed), advising that his captors guarantee his release upon payment of $40,000, and requesting immediate action, as alternative is death.
493
Apr. 16 (144) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Instructions to proceed to Nanking and to make written communication to the Chinese Government (text printed) regarding importance of prompt and effective action in Baker case, and to send ranking officer of Legation staff for prosecution of the case to whatever place his presence would be most helpful.
493
Apr. 17 From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hankow, April 16: Arrival of Sir John Hope Simpson, British Director General of National Flood Relief, and G. Findlay Andrew, British field secretary of Chinese Famine Relief Committee, to discuss plans for securing Baker’s release by offer of wheat.
495
Apr. 18 From the Consul at Amoy (tel.)
Report on foreign naval vessels now at Amoy harbor; opinion of local Chinese authorities that foreigners now in Amoy should not be evacuated to mainland because of military operations at Changchow.
495
Apr. 18 (37) To the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)
For the Minister: Authorization to delete last paragraph of communication for Chinese Government contained in Department’s telegram No. 144 of April 16; desire that officer detailed to Baker case cooperate closely with Chinese officials in carrying out plans.
496
Apr. 20 From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hankow, April 19: Visit of Andrew’s agent to Baker’s captors; information that Andrew is proceeding carefully and developments in the case may be slow.
To Hankow, April 19: Information that Chinese Government is instructing Ho Chen Chun and Hsia Tou Ying to increase their efforts in Baker case, and suggestion that they be advised that secret negotiations are under way.
496
Apr. 20 From the Consul at Amoy (tel.)
Information that Changchow has been captured and refugees are arriving at Amoy and International Settlement of Kulangsu, including Americans from Tungan.
497
Apr. 23 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Account of visit to Nanking and carrying out of Department’s instructions; hope that Department will authorize delay in assigning a special officer to the Baker case because of bad effect of publicity on negotiations.
498
Apr. 23 (151) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Gratification for efforts made at Nanking, and granting of requested authorization for delay in assigning of special officer to the case.
499
Apr. 23 (152) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Receipt of request from Consul at Amoy for instructions as to defense of International Settlement and plans for evacuation of foreigners in event of attack by Communist troops. Request for recommendations of Minister and Commander in Chief, and if possible, views of representatives of other interested powers.
499
Apr. 25 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Opinion of Minister and Commander in Chief that there is a sufficient force at Amoy to provide for safe evacuation of Americans, and recommendation by Commander of U.S.S. Tulsa (excerpt printed) of a cooperative plan with British and Japanese senior naval officers for evacuation of foreigners from International Settlement; intention to consult British colleague upon his return from Nanking.
500
Apr. 25 (49) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information that Andrew has begun negotiations with Communists for release of Baker and that he is also attempting to secure the release of Father Sands, a British subject.
501
Apr. 25 (154) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Desire that Minister continue supervision of Baker case, but suggestion that Consul General at Nanking be instructed to give case his special attention and to keep matter constantly before Chinese officials at Nanking.
501
Apr. 25 (470) From the Minister in China (tel.)
To Nanking: Instructions to advise Foreign Minister of report from Amoy of capture of Changchow and looting of American mission property there by Communist troops, and also to request all possible measures for the protection of Americans at Amoy and Kulangsu.
502
Apr. 25 From the Consul at Amoy (tel.)
Information that naval authorities have completed cooperative plan for evacuation of foreigners and that Department’s instructions are awaited regarding Municipal Council’s request for assistance of naval forces in protection of Kulangsu.
502
Apr. 25 (155) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Approval of recommended cooperative plan for evacuation of foreigners at Amoy, and desire to be kept informed of developments, especially of difference in views of interested colleagues.
503
Apr. 27 From the Minister in China (tel.)
British Minister’s instructions to Consul at Amoy approving defense of Kulangsu, provided all naval commanders agree; intention not to issue definite instructions at present.
503
Apr. 28 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that Commander in Chief has authorized naval vessel at Amoy to cooperate with other foreign commanders for protection of property as well as evacuation of foreigners; concurrence of Minister and intention to instruct Consul at Amoy.
504
Apr. 29 From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hankow, April 28: Information regarding bandits’ anxiety to deliver Baker, who they claim is seriously ill, and their negotiations with Yangtze Rapid agents for $6,000 ransom; belief that claim of illness may be ruse to hasten payment, and that Andrew’s negotiations are more likely to succeed; message to Yangtze Rapid agents at Ichang, suggesting that they drop their negotiations.
504
Apr. 30 (159) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Caution against action based on assumption that claim of Baker’s illness is untrue; hope that Andrew’s negotiations will proceed without delay.
505
May 1 From the Consul at Amoy (tel.)
For the Minister: Advice that consular body has forwarded to senior naval officer and respective naval representatives the request of the Municipal Council, International Settlement, Kulangsu, for reenforcements from foreign naval vessels to cooperate with police in preserving peace and order in the International Settlement.
(Repeated to Legation.)
505
May 2 From the Minister in China (tel.)
To Amoy: Instructions sent by Commander in Chief to senior American naval officer at Amoy (text printed), authorizing cooperation with other naval forces in landing operation as preliminary to evacuation, but not as a continued operation; caution against involvement of American forces in permanent policing of Kulangsu.
506
May 3 From the Consul at Amoy (tel.)
For the Minister: Information that other members of consular body have received individual instructions to cooperate in landing forces to assist in policing of International Settlement in order to avoid evacuation, and suggestion, if landing of American naval forces is authorized, that a time limit be set for their remaining on the island and Municipal Council be instructed within that time to arrange for adequate police protection for lives and property of Kulangsu residents; account of military situation in surrounding districts.
(Repeated to Legation.)
507
May 3 From the Consul at Amoy (tel.)
For the Minister: Recommendation by consular body to President of Municipal Council for augmentation of police force and issuance of proclamation of assurance.
508
May 3 From the Consul at Amoy (tel.)
For the Minister: Proclamation of assurance to be issued by Municipal Council of International Settlement at Kulangsu (text printed).
509
May 4 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Conversation with Soong regarding Baker case; advice from Andrew that negotiations are proceeding for release of Father Sands, prior to more difficult problem of Baker, and his emphasis on importance of preventing further publicity in the case.
509
May 6 (500) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, May 2: Delivery on April 26 of an aide-mémoire to Foreign Minister urging all possible measures for protection of American life and property in Amoy and Kulangsu, and reply, May 4, indicating issuance of such instructions.
511
May 9 (52) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Release of Father Sands, who reports that Baker is in good health.
511
May 15 From the Consul at Amoy (tel.)
To the Legation: Apparent preference of other powers for defending International Settlement by landing naval forces at once to assist police, thus preventing necessity for total evacuation.
(Repeated to Commander Rice, U.S.S. Tulsa.)
511
May 16 (533) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking: French Minister’s inquiry as to whether American naval forces at Amoy are under instructions not to offer resistance in case of attack on Kulangsu, but to limit activities to evacuating American citizens.
To Nanking: Information for French Legation that instructions to American naval forces at Amoy contemplate landing force in preparation for evacuation.
513
May 16 (125) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Desirability of avoiding appearance of noncooperation with other powers, and approval of American participation, if landing and temporary presence of foreign armed forces would tend to increase security of International Settlement and discourage impending attack.
513
May 19 From the Consul at Amoy (tel.)
To the Legation: Excerpts from minutes of consular meeting (texts printed) at which colleagues were informed of American willingness to cooperate; decision of the consular body that situation now warrants the landing of forces in complete cooperation as soon as British Consul receives necessary authorization.
514
May 25 From the Consul at Amoy (tel.)
To the Legation: Information from Chinese authorities regarding military situation; information that British Consul has not been given necessary authorization and that cooperative plan for landing of armed forces is not in operation.
515
May 27 (574) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hankow, May 26: Refusal of Communists to release Baker after receiving payment in full from Andrew; information that two Chinese engineers have gone to Chu ho to act as hostages in fulfillment of captors’ further demands, while Andrew negotiates with them on their additional demands for merchandise.
516
June 1 (61) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information that Baker has now been released through Andrew’s efforts, and that his ransom was the equivalent of 500 tons of wheat.
516
June 1 (138) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions (requested on April 7) for issuance of proclamations for the protection of American-owned goods, either in possession of Americans or foreigners.
517
June 1 (439) From the American Minister in China to the Chinese Minister for Foreign Affairs
Representations in respect to ineffectiveness of general instructions previously issued relative to robbery incident near Kwangshan, Honan, and request that specific instructions be issued ordering chief of Kwangshan militia to Kaifeng for investigation.
517
June 9 (71) To the Ambassador in Great Britain
Instructions to express to Foreign Office U. S. appreciation for Andrew’s assistance in effecting the release of Charles Baker.
518
June 10 To the Chinese Chargé
Acknowledgment of notification concerning the release of Charles Baker, and expression of gratification for efforts of Chinese Government in the case.
518
June 28 (69) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Report of capture by Communists of 10 American missionaries, who were vacationing at Kikungshan, namely, Mr. and Mrs. Vikner and three children, Mrs. Sovik and son, and Mr. and Mrs. Nyhus and child; information that telegraphic representations were made to Honan Provincial Government, and request that Legation make representations to the National Government.
519
June 29 (740) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Legation’s efforts in behalf of American missionaries captured at Kikungshan, all of whom were released except for Vikner and Nyhus; belief that mission boards and business organizations having representatives in the Yangtze Valley should be urged to withdraw their representatives from areas in which Chinese Communism has been established.
519
July 2 (76) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information that Communists voluntarily released Vikner and Nyhus, stating that they belonged to poor missions and had done nothing harmful to Communism.
520
July 8 (784) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, July 7: Memorandum from Foreign Office, July 6 (text printed), requesting that Americans be evacuated temporarily from a certain area in Honan Province during efforts to suppress Communist bandit activities there.
521
July 8 (805) To the Minister in China
Letters sent to National Catholic Welfare Conference, International Missionary Council, and National Lutheran Council regarding advisability of withdrawing their representatives from disturbed areas in China to safer places.
521
Aug. 3 (82) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Report by William Englund, an American missionary at Sianfu, that Henry Ekvall, an American citizen, and two companions, traveling by automobile from Kansu to Sianfu, have been missing since July 23 and may have met with foul play; information that Chairman of Shensi Provincial Government has been requested to investigate.
522
Aug. 4 (898) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that Counselor of Legation at Nanking has been instructed to make urgent representations to Foreign Office concerning disappearance of Henry Ekvall.
522
Aug. 7 (909) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Message from Hankow (excerpt printed), reporting Englund’s unsuccessful efforts to secure official escort to search for bodies of Ekvall and party. Legation’s representations to Shensi Provincial Chairman and dispatch of a representative to Sian.
522
Aug. 16 (960) From the Minister in China (tel.)
To Nanking: Information from Legation’s special representative at Sian that evidence indicates death of Ekvall and party and that neither bodies, car, nor $20,000 worth of gold dust and silver can be traced; further information that local soldiery may be involved in disappearance; instructions to make strong representations for action by Shensi authorities in locating bodies and punishing responsible parties, and information that Consul General at Hankow has been instructed to make similar representations.
523
Aug. 22 (933) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Results of investigation indicating that Chinese chauffeur and Sian soldiery were responsible for murder of Ekvall and party; information that Shensi Chairman has been requested to apprehend and punish the guilty parties. Recall of Legation’s special representative in Sian.
524
Aug. 25 (285) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Approval of action taken by Legation in Ekvall case; request for recommendations, in view of implication of Chinese soldiers, as to whether representations should be made to the Chinese Government for payment of indemnity and/or for expression of regret and apology by Chinese military as well as civil authorities.
525
Aug. 26 (1009) From the Minister in China (tel.)
To Nanking: Information that further representations have been made to Shensi Provincial Chairman urging punishment of guilty parties and recovery of Ekvall’s body; instructions to make similar representations to Nanking Government, emphasizing punishment of the guilty and avoiding question of restitution of property.
525
Aug. 30 (855) To the Minister in China
Department’s attitude on the initiation of negotiations with Chinese authorities regarding rendition of the International Settlement at Kulangsu, in view of reported British plans to undertake such negotiations.
526
Sept. 15 (1744) From the Minister in China
Transmittal of copies of report of special investigator, Legation’s correspondence with Shensi authorities, and other documents in the Ekvall case; substance of note for the Foreign Office which Legation is preparing in the matter.
527
Sept. 16 (87) From the Consul General at Hankow (tel.)
Information that National Flood Relief Commission engineers held as hostages by Communists in Baker case have been rescued and case may be considered closed.
530
Sept. 21 (1118) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Personal telegram addressed to General Chiang Kai-shek (text printed), requesting that Government forces which are now pressing forces holding captive Rev. Bert Nelson, be instructed to be on the lookout for Rev. Nelson and make every effort to rescue him.
530
Sept. 26 From the Consul at Chefoo (tel.)
To the Legation: Report regarding heavy damage to American mission property occupied by General Liu’s forces as defense works, and request that protest be made to Chinese Government.
531
Sept. 29 (1150) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Chefoo: Suggestion that General Han Fu-chu be requested to take steps for protection of missionaries and mission properties at Tengchow and Hwanghsien. Information that Legation is requesting protection through the Consul at Tsinanfu.
531
Sept. 30 (1152) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Tsinanfu: Receipt of verbal assurance from General Han that measures would be taken for protection of American life and property at Hwanghsien and Tengchow.
532
Oct. 1 (1153) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, September 30: Discussion of Ekvall case with T. V. Soong, who later took up case with General Chiang Kai-shek and advised that General Chiang was sending a special emissary to Sianfu to try to close the case.
532
Oct. 6 (1170) From the Minister in China (tel.)
To Nanking: Instructions to inform Foreign Office that Legation desires to send a representative to Sian to assist in investigation of the Ekvall case and requests that General Chiang’s representative be instructed to cooperate with Legation’s representative.
533
Oct. 6 (1174) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Chefoo, October 4: Information that fighting has recommenced at Laichow and that American missionaries at Hwanghsien and Tengchow have again been urged to withdraw. Information that U.S.S. Sacramento is now at Chefoo.
533
Oct. 12 (500) From the American Minister in China to the Chinese Minister for Foreign Affairs
Summary of report by Legation’s special investigator in the Ekvall case, implicating Shensi soldiery; inability of U. S. Government to accept Shensi authorities’ claim that their investigation has been fruitless; desire for action by Chinese Government, including sending of special investigators to Sian to investigate matter thoroughly, and intention to press case until it has been cleared up and guilty parties punished.
533
Oct. 25 (1211) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Foochow, October 24: Official report of invasion of Western Fukien by Kiangsi Communists and capture of several towns; information that Americans have been advised to withdraw from the danger zone.
537
Oct. 28 (1217) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Foochow, October 27: Information that Americans at Kienningfu and Yenping have been advised to withdraw to Foochow because of danger from Communist invasion.
537
Oct. 28 (1220) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Report from Legation’s representatives at Sian that Nanking representatives have apparently been instructed to bring pressure on General Yang and not to make an independent investigation in Ekvall case, that Provincial Government wishes to settle case on basis of apology, indemnity, and assurance of protection; also that communication containing claim of China Inland Motors has been presented to Yang, and that time is now opportune to present any other claims.
537
Oct. 28 (1219) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Receipt of information from Hankow that Chinese messenger’s claim of having found Nelson in good health was false, that Nelson was probably killed by the Communists about August 21.
538
Oct. 29 (1221) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Legation’s opinion that punishment of guilty parties and recovery of Ekvall’s body should be sought before anything else, and that further demands should be made for disciplinary action against Chen Tzu-chien, and other subordinate officials for obstructing the investigation of the case, and for an indemnity of 25,000 gold dollars for the Ekvall family.
538
Nov. 1 (1222) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Foreign Minister’s assurance of Chinese Government’s determination to bring about a thorough settlement of the Ekvall case; report by Stanton from Sian that he and Soule will continue to urge a thorough and independent investigation. Request for Department’s views regarding presentation of claims.
540
Nov. 2 (1225) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, November 1: Information from Foreign Office that Chiang Kai-shek has instructed Chairman of Shensi Provincial Government to make immediate and thorough investigation of Ekvall case and to punish guilty parties.
541
Nov. 3 Memorandum by the Minister in China
Discussion with Spanish, French, Japanese, and British colleagues of request of Senior Consul at Chefoo that Chinese authorities be urged not to permit the defeated troops of General Liu Chen-nien to return to Chefoo to embark for the south; text of joint telegram to Chinese Government adopted in the matter.
542
Nov. 4 (1231) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Telegram from Sian dated November 3 (text printed) regarding attempts of American representatives to obtain settlement of Ekvall case; opinion that it is doubtful if Shensi authorities will admit guilt of their soldiers and that demand for heavy indemnity appears to be the only means of securing punishment of guilty parties.
543
Nov. 4 (361) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Department’s views as to demands to be made upon Chinese Government in Ekvall case, and suggestion that if Chinese authorities offer immediate payment of compensation for American property losses, it be accepted upon understanding that U. S. Government will insist on compliance with all demands.
545
Nov. 4 From the Consul General at Nanking to the Minister in China
Conversation with Foreign Minister, who advised that he had sent Dr. Liu, of the Department of European and American Affairs, to Hankow with an urgent message for General Chiang Kai-shek, requesting an immediate and thorough settlement of the Ekvall case without regard to official responsibility for the incident which might be disclosed by investigation.
545
Nov. 5 (1234) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Proposed action with respect to presentation of demands set forth in Department’s telegram No. 361 of November 4; Shensi Provincial Chairman’s willingness to accept three of American demands. Opinion that demand for heavy indemnity as penalty for murder of Ekvall should not be jeopardized by acceptance at this time of payment of China Inland Motors claim.
546
Nov. 5 (362) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions to present to local Chinese authorities at Sian full demands contained in Department’s telegram No. 361, to inform representatives of Nanking Government at Sian, and also to file demands with Chinese Government at Nanking.
548
Nov. 17 (1254) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Telegraphic report from Stanton and Soule at Sian (text printed) regarding steps being taken by Provincial Government to apprehend culprits in Ekvall case and their dissatisfaction with progress of case; information that authorities realize that all demands must be carried out. Instructions to Counselor Peck at Nanking (text printed) to make strong representations to Ministers Soong and Lo requesting general punishment of guilty without further delay.
548
Nov. 21 (372) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that Department has suggested to Chinese Legation that it inform Chinese Government that representations in the Ekvall case are being made by Department’s specific instructions.
549
Nov. 22 (1271) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hankow, November 21: Chinese messengers’ report regarding whereabouts of Nelson.
550
Nov. 27 (1275) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Stanton: Substance of a communication from the Shensi Provincial Government advising that Liu Jun-hsii, a company commander, has confessed to the murder of Ekvall and companions, and that he has named his accomplices.
To Stanton and Soule: Instructions regarding apprehension of others implicated in crime and the insuring of the punishment of the convicted man.
550
Nov. 29 (1280) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Stanton and Soule: Account of the questioning of Liu at Sian, in presence of American and Nanking representatives; belief that apprehension of other criminals is only a remote possibility.
551
Dec. 2 (1285) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Telegraphic report from Stanton and Soule, November 30 (text printed), that Liu was sentenced and shot, and that an official of Provincial Government presented a formal reply to the U. S. Government’s demands and made an oral expression of regret and apology. Comment regarding Shensi Government’s reply and suggestion for further representations to secure more complete fulfillment of demands.
552
Dec. 3 (1290) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, December 2: Admission by Chinese Government of its obligation to pay exemplary indemnity, but desire to point out certain objections to largeness of amount demanded. Request for Department’s instructions.
554
Dec. 7 (390) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions for further representations by Stanton to Shensi authorities in accordance with Legation’s suggestions in telegram No. 1285, December 2, for insistence on full compliance with all demands; instructions to advise Foreign Minister that Department feels amount of indemnity is reasonable and should be paid.
554
Dec. 8 (1307) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Chefoo: Information of orderly evacuation of General Liu Chen-nien and his forces from Chefoo.
555
Dec. 11 (1319) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Telegram from Stanton and Soule, December 9 (text printed), advising that so far authorities have no clues to whereabouts of other criminals; also requesting instructions regarding their departure from Sian. Information that Legation is endeavoring to ascertain whether Ekvall’s relatives desire an effort made for recovery of Ekvall’s body.
556
Dec. 15 (1336) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Telegram from Hankow, December 14 (text printed), advising that Ekvall’s father would prefer that body not be recovered. Suggestion that Stanton and Soule be authorized to conclude mission in Sian after final attempt to secure more energetic action in search for murderers.
557
Dec. 19 (1360) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Opinion that Stanton and Soule should be allowed to return from Sian; information that Foreign Minister was advised of Department’s views on question of reduction of exemplary damages.
558
Dec. 19 (397) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Request for information regarding attitude of Shensi Provincial authorities toward further representations made by Stanton, before giving consideration to recommendation that Stanton and Soule be authorized to depart from Sian.
558
Dec. 22 (1372) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Reports from Stanton (excerpts printed) indicating that Provincial Government is making a sincere effort to apprehend criminals but that task is extremely difficult owing to lack of clues; opinion that little can be accomplished by leaving Stanton and Soule in Sian.
558
Dec. 23 (404) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Authorization for Stanton and Soule to return to their posts, first advising Provincial authorities of U. S. intention to press its demands until they have been fulfilled; instructions to inform Foreign Minister of this action and to advise that U. S. Government does not consider action already taken as sufficient, and that it expects Chinese Government to continue its efforts to bring case to a satisfactory conclusion.
559
Dec. 28 (1393) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking: Information from unofficial sources that the Executive Yuan has approved payment of indemnity in the Ekvall case and the tendering of an apology; confidential communication from the Foreign Office, December 27 (text printed), advising that upon petition of the Shensi Provincial Government a general order has been issued to all city and military authorities of the different provinces for the arrest and trial of all those implicated in the murder.
560

Question of Maintaining Neutrality and Immunity of Peiping Legation Quarter in Event of Further Hostilities Between Japanese and Chinese Forces

[Page LXXI][Page LXXII][Page LXXIII]
Date and number Subject Page
1932 Aug. 1 (882) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Views and recommendations as to probable action by Diplomatic Body in Peiping in event of threat to neutrality and diplomatic immunity of Legation Quarter through Sino-Japanese hostilities.
561
Aug. 3 (894) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Recommendations by British, French, Italian, and U. S. representatives for joint representations at Tokyo and Nanking, in event of military action in Peiping area, for preservation of neutrality of diplomatic quarter.
561
Aug. 6 (904) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Suggestion by Wellington Koo of possibility of neutralizing Peiping and Tientsin.
562
Aug. 6 (905) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Suggestion that recent sham attack by Japanese Legation guard upon Legation Quarter wall from point under Chinese jurisdiction offers opportunity for representations by all interested powers to the Japanese Government under terms of article 7 of the Boxer Protocol, by which the Legation Quarter was established.
562
Aug. 6 (241) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Suggestion, for Legation’s consideration only, for a defense scheme by which Japanese would agree to undertake the defense of the Japanese Legation, leaving to the other Legation guards responsibility for defense of Legation Quarter in general.
563
Aug. 6 (242) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions discreetly to advise diplomatic colleagues of conversation with Wellington Koo reported in telegram No. 904, August 6.
564
Aug. 6 (243) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Inquiry as to opinions of military staff and diplomatic colleagues regarding suggestion made in telegram No. 905 of August 6.
564
Aug. 8 (244) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Opinion that discussion of problem and formulation of recommendations by diplomatic representatives of principal non-disputant powers at Peiping would be desirable and practicable.
565
Aug. 9 (921) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Opinion of diplomatic colleagues concerning Wellington Koo’s suggestion for neutralization of Peiping.
565
Aug. 9 (923) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that suggestion in telegram No. 905, August 6, was discussed with representatives of other interested Legations, and it was decided to suggest that the point regarding withdrawal of Japanese guard from Peiping be omitted from formal representations.
566
Aug. 9 (247) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Suggestion of certain points for discussion with colleagues, but advice that Department does not intend at present to make any representations to Tokyo or elsewhere.
566
Aug. 11 (209) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Receipt of information that Sir John Simon concurs with recommendation that no request should be made for withdrawal of Japanese Legation guard, but suggests, in event of hostilities in Peiping area, that combined representations be made to China and Japan that immunity of Legation Quarter be respected.
567
Aug. 16 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State of a Conversation With the British Chargé, August 11, 1932
British Government’s disapproval of any representations to the Japanese Government for withdrawal of the Japanese Legation guard at Peiping, and similar attitude of U. S. Government; discussion of possible efforts for neutralization of Legation Quarter or of entire Peiping area.
568
Aug. 19 (271) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Opinion that neutralization of the Legation Quarter would have little practical value and that question of neutrality should include whole city of Peiping and surrounding territory.
569
Aug. 20 (983) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that on August 19 a detachment of soldiers from the Japanese Legation guard held maneuvers outside the Legation Quarter, that Chinese authorities were notified in advance, and that incident passed off quietly.
570
Aug. 20 (275) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Account of news despatch regarding Japanese military maneuvers on August 19 outside of Legation Quarter and possibility of combined foreign representations to Japan; authorization to participate in discussions of means of preventing such incidents, but to request instructions before joining in any representations.
570
Aug. 22 (985) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that no action was taken by Diplomatic Corps in connection with recent Japanese military maneuvers; emphasis on fact that Japanese Legation guard is under military control, not that of Japanese Legation.
571
Aug. 25 (1007) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Receipt of information that Japanese Legation guard will conduct maneuvers on August 26; intention to suggest to Colonel Gulick that he advise the Japanese commandant against such activities at this time.
571
Aug. 25 (283) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Assumption that fact that the Japanese Legation guard is subject to military control, need not prevent discussion by various Legations and recommendations to their Governments on problem of safeguarding Legation Quarter.
572
Aug. 25 (284) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Suggestion that if Colonel Gulick confers with Japanese commandant, he be accompanied by commanding officers of British and possibly other Legation guards.
572
Aug. 27 (1016) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Comment that recent cooperative attitude of Japanese Legation guard commandant offers a new means of approach which commandants will take advantage of.
573
Aug. 29 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Italian Ambassador, August 25, 1932
Information that Ambassador read a telegram from his Government agreeing in principle to the neutralizing of Peiping if it could be done; report in final clause of telegram that head of Japanese Legation guard had made suggestion to various Military Attachés for neutralization of Peiping in event of trouble.
573
Sept. 2 (301) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Feeling, with reference to recent newspaper articles (excerpts printed) describing protest by Colonel Gulick against Japanese military maneuvers in Peiping, that special precaution should be taken to guard against appearance that U. S. Government or U. S. officials are acting alone in situation where there is a common interest and responsibility.
573
Sept. 3 (1059) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Report of conversation of Naval Attaché with Colonel Watari, a Japanese officer, who advised that the Japanese have no intention of occupying the Peiping-Tientsin area.
574
Sept. 6 (1073) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that newspaper articles were incorrect, that Colonel Gulick made no protest to Japanese.
575
Sept. 8 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With the Former Chinese Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs
Discussion of question of protection of art collections in Peiping in event of military operations in that area.
575
Sept. 19 (320) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that British Embassy has been given a memorandum on possibility of Sino-Japanese hostilities in Peiping-Tientsin area and Department’s views as to steps which might be taken by interested powers, and that substance of memorandum was also telegraphed to American Embassy in London.
576
Sept. 28 (1148) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Combined views of U. S., French, and British representatives, and of Military Attachés, as to impracticability of proposing neutralization of Peiping and environs and suggestion, in event of imminent hostilities, that China and Japan be approached with a demand for protection of the Legation Quarter.
576
Oct. 4 (338) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Department’s desire for further information regarding conclusions reached; instructions to submit an estimate as to probable reactions of Chinese authorities to a proposal for neutralizing Peiping area, and upon Neville’s arrival in Peiping, to obtain his opinion as to probable Japanese reaction.
578
Oct. 13 (1185) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information from Military Attaché that no proposal such as that mentioned in Department’s memorandum of August 29 was made by head of Japanese Legation guard to any of the various Military Attachés.
(Footnote: Copy of memorandum of August 29 transmitted to the Minister in China, September 2.)
578
Oct. 18 (1199) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information requested by Department regarding basis of collective view that proposal for neutralization of Peiping is impracticable; report as to probable Chinese reaction to this proposal and views of Neville (text printed) as to Japanese reactions.
579
[Page LXXIV]

Attitude of the Department of State on the Export to China of Arms or Munitions, Including Military Aircraft

[Page LXXV][Page LXXVI]
Date and number Subject Page
1932 Jan. 23 (114) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Yunnanfu, January 18: Information that French Consul has told a representative of the Provincial Government that neither he nor the Tonkin authorities are disposed to permit transit through Indo-China of six American training planes now at Haiphong, which were purchased by Yunnan Government under terms whereby title remains with seller until delivery at Yunnanfu.
580
Jan. 25 (2539) From the Chargé in Great Britain
Foreign Office explanation that certain British manufactured planes which left Hong Kong for Canton in October did not have machine-gun mountings in place and were therefore commercial planes and that Governor of Hong Kong could not legally prevent their clearance.
581
Jan. 26 (27) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Desire that Consul at Yunnanfu report further developments and endeavor discreetly to confirm reported statement of French Consul; information that Consul at Saigon has been instructed to inquire informally whether shipment has been detained.
581
Feb. 9 (215) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Yunnanfu: Confirmation of French Consul’s statement.
Information that Consul General at Nanking has been requested by Legation to endeavor to secure from Nanking authorities the necessary permits for importation into Yunnan which French authorities require for passage of planes through French Indo-China.
582
Feb. 16 (62) To the Ambassador in France (tel.)
Instructions to request expeditious action in regard to transit permits through Indo-China for six American commercial planes sold to Yunnan Government.
582
Feb. 27 (134) From the Ambassador in France (tel.)
Note from Foreign Office advising that transit permission will be granted subsequent to verification by French authorities of commercial character of the planes.
583
Mar. 26 (378) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Yunnanfu, March 25: Information from Saigon that transit permit has been granted, and from Haiphong that planes are being shipped.
583
May 11 (418) From the Consul General at Hong Kong
Advice by an official of Colonial Secretary’s Office, in regard to aircraft situation in Hong Kong and South China, that military airplanes intended for Canton may not be unpacked and assembled in the Colony unless accompanied by documents from the Nanking Government, while through shipments to Canton are permitted, under the Barcelona Convention, without such papers.
584
May 24 (425) From the Consul General at Hong Kong
Information, with respect to shipment of military supplies to Canton, that British policy seems to coincide with U. S. policy except in regard to question as to what constitutes a military plane.
585
Aug. 8 (511) From the Consul at Saigon
Inquiry from American Trade Commissioner at Hong Kong on behalf of an American concern which contemplates selling airplanes to Yunnan government, as to whether transit permits through French Indo-China will be granted; request for Department’s instructions as to advisability of attempting to obtain decision from local government regarding its future policy.
586
Sept. 8 Memorandum by the Counselor of Legation in China
Conversation with Mr. C. E. Schroeder, representative of the Fabrique Nacional des Armes de Guerre, on the subject of selling arms and munitions in China.
588
Oct. 25 (1212) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information from Yunnanfu that American manufacturers may submit bids for a munitions order, on which French terms are reported to be 1,750,000 gold dollars.
590
Oct. 26 To the Consul at Saigon (tel.)
Opinion that it is inopportune to raise question of transit of goods through Indo-China at present; request for report on French regulations and practices in regard to transit trade.
590
Oct. 27 (358) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Advice that since it is not the policy of the U. S. Government to promote, through its officers, sales to China of arms and munitions no action will be taken on telegram No. 1212, of October 25.
590
Dec. 17 (568) From the Consul General at Hong Kong
Information regarding difficulties experienced by American aircraft manufacturers in competing with British-made planes in South China market; hope that Department can ascertain British policy as to exportation of military aircraft to China so that practices of the two Governments may be brought more into accord and American manufacturers given a more favorable opportunity to compete with British aircraft.
591
Dec. 19 From the Consul General at Hong Kong (tel.)
Desire to ascertain British attitude respecting shipment of military planes to China, particularly to Canton via Hong Kong, in view of desire of Cantonese to make large aircraft purchases in near future, and their preference for American planes but unwillingness to apply for export permits through Nanking Government.
592
Dec. 21 (32) From the Vice Consul at Yunnanfu
Account of efforts of an American factory representative to sell airplanes to Yunnan Provincial Government and the inducements offered by French representatives to promote sale of French aircraft.
593
Dec. 27 Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs of a Conversation With the Former Chinese Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs
Observation by Mr. Hornbeck that separation of Cantonese faction from Nanking Government is a source of weakness to China and a cause of difficulty to other countries, as for example, Cantonese refusal to ask approval of Nanking in connection with import of munitions and aircraft; Mr. Lee’s promise to take up this matter with both Canton and Nanking.
595
Dec. 29 Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State of a Conversation With the British Ambassador
Ambassador’s assurance that his Government is very strict about the shipment of any arms or munitions, including fighting planes, into China without permission of Nanking Government.
596

Efforts of the United States To Meet Situation Created by Imposition in China of Taxes Considered Unfair to American Trade

[Page LXXVII][Page LXXVIII]
Date and number Subject Page
1932 Feb. 19 (699) To the Minister in China
Department’s unwillingness to accept revised foreshore regulations, promulgated by Municipality of Shanghai July 31, 1931, as applicable to American nationals, or to approve Legation’s recommendation that American firms be advised that there is no objection to their paying the fees required under these regulations; instructions that no action should be taken unless Chinese authorities make request for payment, at which time Legation should address note to Foreign Ministry explaining U. S. attitude.
596
Mar. 30 (389) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Note from Foreign Ministry, March 21, requesting payment by American firms of dike surtax and wharfage dues in Hunan Province; opinion that request is not unreasonable, since tax revenues will be used for river works, and desire for instructions as to what American firms should do.
599
Apr. 21 (108) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Desire for definite information on five points concerning the wharfage dues and dike surtaxes before making decision; suggestion that American firms be advised to decide for themselves whether to pay these taxes under protest pending further consideration of question by the Department.
600
June 15 (659) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information on points raised by Department concerning collection of wharf dues and dike surtax in Hunan.
601
Aug. 4 (1669) From the Minister in China
Information from Hankow of Chinese authorities’ request that American merchants begin paying new business tax; expectation that urgent demands will be made by Chinese in view of present financial conditions, and request for Department’s views regarding position to be taken in the matter.
602
Aug. 20 (273) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Opinion that no useful purpose would be served by further protests regarding Hunan dike and wharfage taxes if there is no evidence of discrimination against American nationals.
603
Sept. 13 (1061) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hankow, September 2: Information that American firms have received undated notices to register and begin paying business tax within 3 days; intention of Consul General to await actual attempt to collect tax before making further representations.
604
Sept. 29 (336) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Belief that Legation should follow example of Hankow Consul General in deciding to await actual attempt to collect tax from American firms before making further representations; instructions to endeavor to cooperate with interested colleagues in deciding upon a uniform course of action.
605
Oct. 18 (1200) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Hankow, October 15: Information that further demands for business tax payments have been received by American and other foreign firms at Hankow; decision of consular body to make no further representations at present, but agreement, in event of an attempt to enforce tax, to file individual protests with Chairman of the Provincial Government.
605
Oct. 21 (916) To the Minister in China
Nonobjection to the filing of protests with Chinese authorities in behalf of Socony-Vacuum Corporation with regard to illegal taxation, by Legation or consular officers, provided officer is satisfied that a ruling of the National Government has been violated.
606
Nov. 22 (1270) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Request from Foreign Ministry that American firms be instructed to comply with Shanghai revised foreshore regulations; inquiry as to whether Legation should take action in accordance with Department’s instruction No. 699, of February 19.
606
Nov. 23 (380) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions, unless there are reasons to the contrary, to take action as directed in instruction No. 699, February 19.
607
Dec. 21 (1871) From the Minister in China
Information regarding protests by U. S. and British Legations to Foreign Ministry against application of business tax to their nationals in Hankow.
607
Dec. 24 (1888) From the Minister in China
Advice to British and French colleagues that while U. S. Legation had protested against collection of the business tax, American merchants were not prevented from dealing with the matter in any way they considered advisable.
608

Efforts for the Consideration of American Claims Outstanding Against China

[Page LXXIX][Page LXXX][Page LXXXI]
Date and number Subject Page
1932 Feb. 9 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Finance Minister’s request for good offices in behalf of a proposal (text printed) which will soon be made formally by the Foreign Minister, for postponement for 1 year from February 1, 1932, of the payment of the American, British, and Italian portions of the Boxer Indemnity.
608
Feb. 10 (28) To the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)
For the Minister: Instructions to inform Department when formal proposal for postponement of Boxer Indemnity payment is received, and to submit own views and those of colleagues toward the proposal.
609
Feb. 13 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Receipt of formal proposal; opinion that no objection should be made, and information that British colleague has recommended favorable consideration in principle.
609
Feb. 17 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Understanding that attitude of Italian Government toward proposed postponement is unfavorable.
609
Feb. 19 (35) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Inability to agree to postponement of Boxer Indemnity payments but desire, before giving a definite reply, for Minister’s recommendations and for information as to British attitude.
610
Feb. 26 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Inquiry from T. V. Soong (excerpt printed) as to whether reply has been received from U. S. Government.
610
Feb. 27 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Note from T. V. Soong (excerpt printed) giving reasons for requested postponement.
611
Mar. 2 (68) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Information that, provided either of the other two Governments concerned agrees to postponement, Department would not be disposed to raise objections under written assurance by Chinese Government that cultural institutions supported by American payments would not be permitted to suffer; suggestion that Minister confer with British colleague before replying to Soong.
611
Mar. 5 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that British Minister has not yet received instructions from his Government and that Italian Chargé, at request of Soong, is asking his Government to reconsider its position.
612
Mar. 9 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that British Minister has been instructed to agree to postponement of payments if and when American and Italian Governments agree.
612
Mar. 15 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that Italy will grant the Chinese Government credits amounting to 1 year’s indemnity payments provided other two Governments will consent to requested postponement; intention simultaneously with British colleague to advise Chinese Government of Department’s attitude.
612
Mar. 16 (102) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
For the Minister: Approval of proposed action.
613
Apr. 16 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Note to Foreign Office, April 14 (excerpt printed), advising that American Government will raise no objection to proposed postponement of Boxer payments, provided the Chinese Government gives certain assurances.
613
Apr. 18 (38) To the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)
For the Minister: Objections to certain wording in note to Foreign Office and suggestion that it be amended.
614
Apr. 21 (183) From the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)
Advice that note of April 14 was recalled and altered as suggested, and an additional paragraph (text printed) included regarding method of making up the postponed payments.
614
May 17 (126) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Authorization to present to appropriate authorities claim of Vacuum Oil Company against Chinese Government, and to present all such claims whenever it appears possible to obtain settlement or when such action may prove beneficial to American interests.
615
May 18 (538) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that Foreign Office reply of April 27 certifying to original phraseology was returned with request for omission of two words, and that Vice Minister replied, agreeing to one change but making objection to the other; suggestion that Foreign Office reply be accepted with change desired by Chinese.
615
May 20 (128) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Explanation of Department’s position in desiring Chinese assent to exact wording indicated; instructions to take appropriate action.
616
May 27 (570) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, May 25: Discussion with Vice Minister, who suggested rephrasing of passage under discussion; inquiry as to desirability of obtaining an interview with T. V. Soong, who will arrive in Nanking soon, in regard to arrangements decided upon for support of institutions concerned.
617
June 3 (601) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Nanking, June 2: Anxiety of Foreign Ministry for reply from Department indicating that postponement of indemnity is now settled.
617
June 4 (603) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Draft note proposed by British Chargé (excerpt printed), requesting to be informed of Chinese Government’s intentions in regard to the implementation of article 9 of the Loan Agreement of 1911 providing for service of Hukuang Railway loan of 1911; request for authorization to join with British and French colleagues in signing note.
618
June 4 (142) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Failure to understand apparent unwillingness of Chinese Government to reaffirm assurance already given regarding cultural institutions supported by American indemnity payments; approval of suggestion for interview with T. V. Soong if it is believed such action would assist in clarifying the situation.
619
June 6 (146) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Nonobjection to Minister’s joining with British and French colleagues in joint note along lines indicated in telegram No. 603, June 4.
619
July 6 (774) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Foreign Minister’s reply (text printed) dated April 27, and received by Legation July 2, to note of April 14; comment that it appears to comply with Department’s wishes and request for authorization to confirm.
619
July 7 (1617) From the Minister in China
Transmittal of copy of a resolution (excerpt printed) adopted on July 1 by the Board of Trustees of the China Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Culture protesting suspension of Boxer Indemnity payments.
620
July 8 (199) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Authorization to confirm Foreign Minister’s note of April 27.
621
Aug. 26 (852) To the Minister in China
Instructions to bring to the attention of the appropriate authorities, with a view to obtaining payment, the failure of the Chinese Government to make payment of claims awarded American claimants as a result of Nanking incident of March 24, 1927.
621
Aug. 26 (853) To the Minister in China
Department’s desire for a prompt and serious consideration by the Chinese Government of its financial obligations to American citizens and suggested procedure for liquidation of those obligations; instructions to submit comments and await further instructions; authorization to discuss general topic of debts and claims informally with colleagues, particularly British colleague.
621
Oct. 18 From J. P. Morgan & Company, of New York
Transmittal of cable to Morgan Grenfell & Company, of London, October 6 (text printed), advising that American Group does not feel justified at present in either issuing or accepting participation in an additional loan under article XV of the Loan Agreement of 1911, requested by the Chinese Government; intention to keep Department informed of any developments in regard to this negotiation.
624
Nov. 1 To J. P. Morgan & Company, of New York
Acknowledgment of letter of October 18, and appreciation of offer of continued cooperation.
625
Dec. 13 From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information from British and French colleagues regarding lack of progress in settlement of claims of their nationals; inquiry as to whether Department would object to sounding out of Foreign Minister in regard to proposal for claims commission.
625
Dec. 15 (75) To the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)
For the Minister: Disapproval of suggestion for sounding out of Foreign Minister at present time; instructions to review Department’s No. 853 of August 26 and to make comment on contemplated procedure; also request for opinion as to whether near future would be propitious time for making of strong representations in the matter.
626
Dec. 28 (1395) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Views and understanding of proposed procedure outlined in Department’s No. 853, August 26; factors indicating that present would be propitious time for presenting this matter to the Chinese Government; intention to prepare draft note and hold it pending Department’s instructions.
626
[Page LXXXII]

American Interest in Problems Affecting the International Settlement at Shanghai

[Page LXXXIII][Page LXXXIV]
Date and number Subject Page
1932 Apr. 14 (209) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Report of speech by retiring Chairman of Municipal Council (excerpts printed) at annual meeting of ratepayers on April 13, in which he referred to unsatisfactory administration of Shanghai special district courts; concurrence in views, and belief that powers will consult Council before renewing rendition agreement, which expires April 1, 1933.
628
Apr. 29 Memorandum by the Consul General at Shanghai of a Conversation With the Chinese Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs
Consul General’s inquiry as to advisability of undertaking negotiations with regard to extra-Settlement roads and related problems, and assurance by Mr. Quo that this would be very opportune time to take up the question.
629
May 2 (8253) From the Consul General at Shanghai
Report of written and oral protests by Japanese Consul General to Chairman of Shanghai Municipal Council regarding attacks on Japanese civilians by Chinese in International Settlement; indications that Japanese are seeking to obtain greater degree of control in municipal affairs.
630
June 4 (280) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Information that a modus vivendi covering extra-Settlement roads and other questions was initialed by a representative of Greater Shanghai and Shanghai Municipal Council, but that agreement will not be published until it has been offered to Municipal Council and Chinese Government for approval.
632
June 11 (290) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Substance of the modus vivendi; belief that it will be approved by National Government and Municipal Council, but uncertainty as to Japanese attitude.
633
June 14 (651) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Opinion that Shanghai agreement regarding extra-Settlement roads seems to be acceptable, and that it appears to be the result of recent promises made by Chinese officials to Minister and British colleague, during Sino-Japanese negotiations, that attempt would be made to settle this question.
634
July 7 (1605) From the Minister in China
Information that Consul General at Shanghai is being commended for his report to the Department on the subject of the expiration of the agreement relating to Chinese Courts in the International Settlement; full accord with belief that existing agreement should be revised.
634
Aug. 16 (961) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Telegraphic correspondence with Consul General at Shanghai (text printed) relative to the draft agreement on extra-Settlement roads.
635
Aug. 18 (969) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that U. S. and British Consuls General at Shanghai have informed the Municipal Council of their approval of the extra-Settlement roads agreement; opinion that Japanese intend to use their opposition to the agreement as a means of forcing a round-table conference at Shanghai.
637
Aug. 23 (279) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Department’s views, for consideration and discussion with interested colleagues, as to advisability of seeking a revision of the agreement regarding Chinese courts at Shanghai.
638
Aug. 23 (1002) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Shanghai: Difficulty arising from British Council members’ promise that roads agreement would be published before signature, and Chinese opposition to this procedure.
640
Aug. 27 (1017) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Opinion that interested foreign powers should not open discussion on revision of Shanghai courts agreement, but that, if subject is brought up by Chinese, an effort should be made to secure extension of present agreement for 2 or 3 years.
640
Aug. 30 (295) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Approval of views regarding Shanghai courts agreement.
641
Sept. 1 (298) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Approval of Legation’s views and instructions to Shanghai in regard to roads agreement; suggestion as to advisability of deferring action proposed by Municipal Council, of laying agreement before ratepayers for approval, unless it appears that a majority favor the agreement.
641
Sept. 3 (1058) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Telegraphic report from Shanghai (text printed) of favorable attitude of American and British Chambers of Commerce toward roads agreement and possible developments in event agreement is signed and Japanese members carry out threat to resign from Council; report of developments in special Municipal Council meeting of August 24; opinion, concurred in by British Chargé that no action should be taken at present.
642
Sept. 6 (1074) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Shanghai: Inquiry as to whether Legation’s instructions of July 30 (quoted in telegram No. 961, August 16) are still in effect.
To Shanghai: Information that these views still stand.
644
Sept. 13 (1091) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Promise by Senior Consul, in answer to Japanese protest, to call meeting of consular body about September 16 to consider question of roads agreement; arrangement with British Chargé for similar telegraphic instructions to respective Consuls General at Shanghai (text printed) as to position to be taken in proposed meeting.
645
Sept. 15 (1096) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Shanghai, September 14: Probability that consular body meeting will be held September 20; information from Chinese official that British have indicated their unwillingness to proceed with the agreement in face of Japanese opposition.
646
Sept. 16 (316) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Approval of instructions to Consul General at Shanghai reported in telegram No. 1091, September 13, provided similar instruction to British Consul General still stands; desire for deletion of part of last sentence of instruction.
646
Oct. 19 (1202) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Receipt of information that Japanese will accept agreement on extra-Settlement roads if certain conditions are met and certain changes made in the agreement; opinion that amendments suggested would not be acceptable to the Chinese.
647
Oct. 31 (359) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Comments on conditions and amendments proposed by Japanese; desire that Minister and Consul General at Shanghai, in collaboration with interested colleagues, continue efforts to bring about the successful conclusion of a strictly local agreement.
649
Nov. 7 (1801) From the Minister in China
Information regarding conversation of British Chargé with the Foreign Minister and with the Mayor of Shanghai on question of the Shanghai District Court, and that both appear to favor prolongation of present agreement.
651
Dec. 22 (7419) From the Consul General at Shanghai to the Minister in China
Conversation with Japanese Consul General, who presented informally a memorandum containing new suggestions regarding extra-Settlement roads agreement, which, if approved by municipalities, he will submit for his Government’s consideration.
652
Dec. 29 (406) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions, in view of fact that expiration date of present agreement regarding Shanghai courts is only 3 months away, to join with colleagues in efforts to secure an appropriate and practicable solution.
653
Dec. 30 (1405) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Advice from Foreign Minister, in confidential conversation, of his intention to recommend to his Government the extension of the present agreement regarding Shanghai courts; information that British and French colleagues were similarly informed.
654
[Page LXXXV]

Press Restrictions by Chinese Authorities Affecting American Citizens in China

[Page LXXXVI][Page LXXXVII]
Date and number Subject Page
1932 July 6 (325) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Information from Mayor of Shanghai that he has received orders to investigate and prohibit publication of China Forum, which is owned by Harold Isaacs, an American citizen, and request that Consul General take action accordingly.
654
July 14 (336) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
District Attorney’s opinion that Isaacs’ political activities, while not criminal, tend to embarrass U. S. Government; suggestion that Isaacs be advised that U. S. Government would not accord him protection should Chinese Government take steps to curtail his activities.
655
July 20 (223) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Instructions to inform Isaacs that if present policy of his publication is continued, the registration of the Searchlight Publishing Company as an American enterprise will be cancelled and U. S. Government will not intervene if the publication is suppressed by Chinese authorities.
655
July 30 (230) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Information that New York Times article (excerpt printed), referring to Isaacs case, mentioned U. S. threat to withdraw protection of extraterritorial rights from an American citizen; request for confirmation that Consul General has correctly understood Department’s instruction in telegram No. 223 of July 20, and for report of developments and action taken.
656
Aug. 1 (357) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Report that full text of Department’s telegram No. 223, July 20, was read to Isaacs but that local press carried an incorrect interpretation of the interview, apparently based on Isaacs’ statement; intention to give Mayor copy of statement made to Isaacs and to warn Mayor that there is no intention of waiving Isaacs’ extraterritorial rights.
657
Aug. 4 (361) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Explanation to Mayor of warning given Isaacs; information that Searchlight Publishing Company has never been registered with Consulate General.
658
Aug. 8 (236) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Request for information as to what action was taken on application made by Isaacs for registration of Searchlight Publishing Company transmitted to Department on January 22, and regarding which Department replied on March 28 that it had no objection to approval of the application.
659
Aug. 10 (365) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Advice that at time of receipt of Department’s instruction of March 28, the Consulate General desired to make further investigation before approving application of Searchlight Publishing Company.
659
Aug. 31 (378) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Mayor’s protest regarding August 13 issue of China Forum and request for immediate action; suggestions for possible steps to be taken, and request for instructions.
659
Sept. 8 (247) To the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Instructions to advise Mayor of U. S. action on first complaint against Isaacs, and, upon ascertaining objectionable character of additional issues of China Forum, to inform Mayor of Department’s nonobjection to suppression of publication by Chinese authorities, provided person and property of Isaacs are not involved.
660
Sept. 13 (389) From the Consul at Shanghai (tel.)
Information that China Forum has not been published since August 13 issue, and intention for the present to take no action on Department’s instructions in telegram No. 247 of September 8.
661
Oct. 6 (1173) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Shanghai, October 3: Threat of authorities to withdraw postal facilities from any foreign newspaper not registered under Chinese law; request for authorization to give notice that United States cannot consent to registration of American firms under laws contrary to extraterritorial treaty rights.
To Shanghai, October 6: Authorization to take suggested action and to add that matter is being taken up by Legation with Foreign Ministry.
661
Oct. 17 (1198) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions to Consul General at Shanghai (text printed) to inform British colleague of action taken regarding registration of foreign press and to seek with him a common line of action; inquiry as to nature of rights of American publishers in China and abroad to use of Chinese Postal Service.
662
Oct. 21 (404) From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Mayor’s second request, October 11, for measures against China Forum and reply in accordance with Department’s instructions in telegram No. 247 of September 8; feeling, however, that this action is not drastic enough to prevent Isaacs or others from engaging in communistic activity while under extraterritorial protection.
663
Oct. 24 (356) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Approval of instructions to Consul General at Shanghai regarding registration of foreign press; explanation of Department’s attitude that such registration would be inconsistent with treaty rights of American nationals,
663
Nov. 10 (1241) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Foreign Office proposal to British Chargé for registration of British press with Minister of Interior on understanding that extraterritorial rights will not be infringed; opinion that request is reasonable, and proposal to advise American nationals to register with Minister of Interior on such understanding, provided Department has no objection.
665
Nov. 21 (373) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Disapproval of proposed registration of American publications on understanding mentioned in telegram No. 1241, of November 10; willingness, however, to consider withdrawal of objections under certain conditions, but hope that Chinese authorities may be induced to accept U. S. Government’s attitude in the matter.
665
Nov. 25 Memorandum by the Minister in China
Conversation between American, French, and Italian Ministers, British Chargé, and German Counselor of Legation regarding information from Foreign Minister of Chinese Government’s intention to revise press law; conclusion that if law could be made unobjectionable, it would be reasonable for Chinese to require registration of foreign press.
666
Dec. 16 Memorandum by the Minister in China
Information from Foreign Minister of indefinite postponement of requirement for registration of periodicals with Kuomintang central organization; inference that postponement also applies to registration with Ministry of the Interior.
667
Dec. 21 From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)
Notification by Shanghai Postal Commissioner, December 19, to Far Eastern Review, that its registration is to be cancelled and postal transmission suspended, no reason being given; Postal Commissioner’s understanding that action was taken because of publication’s connection with George Bronson Rea, who is now at Geneva in behalf of “Manchoukuo;” request that representations be made by Legation.
667
Dec. 22 (1376) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Assumption that Chinese Government’s action regarding Far Eastern Review was taken to punish its owner, who has gone to Geneva as adviser to “Manchoukuo” government.
668
Dec. 23 (403) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions to make representations in behalf of Far Eastern Review and to point out to Chinese Government that U. S. attitude toward Mr. Rea’s connection with “Manchoukuo” regime is entirely separate from question of the protection of his rights and property as an American citizen.
668
[Page LXXXVIII]

Proposed Reorganization of the Hai Ho Conservancy Commission in Hopeh Province

Date and number Subject Page
1932 Mar. 11 (1430) From the Minister in China
Foreign Office note dated February 11 proposing change in personnel and powers of Hai Ho Conservancy Commission; observations of Legation and of Consul General at Tientsin regarding proposal; intention to await Department’s instructions.
669
Apr. 23 (463) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Information that Legations of other interested powers have received similar notes from Foreign Minister concerning Hai Ho Conservancy Commission; recommendation of Dean of Diplomatic Corps that various Legations make similar replies in sense of British draft note (text printed), suggesting postponement of question until a more favorable time; request for authorization to reply in terms similar to British draft.
670
Apr. 26 (115) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Authorization to make suggested reply provided representatives of Great Britain and other interested powers do so also.
(Footnote: Delivery of American note dated May 6.)
671

JAPAN

Collapse of Parliamentary Party Government in Japan and Use of Anti-American Propaganda To Promote a War Psychology

[Page LXXXIX][Page XC]
Date and number Subject Page
1932 Jan. 29 (472) From the Ambassador in Japan
Comments on domestic situation, indicating possibility of a change in the political situation; importance of the Army as a political factor.
672
Mar. 9 From the Ambassador in Japan
Assassination of Baron Dan by member of a death band, reportedly dedicated to killing of five great conservative leaders; police warning of mob attack on Japan Advertiser, an American publication, and other incidents indicating excited state of mind of populace and anti-American sentiment; unanimous opinion of Embassy staff and of diplomatic corps that no more outside pressure should be brought to bear on Japan.
676
Apr. 7 Memorandum by the Secretary of State
Conversation with the Japanese Ambassador, who called attention to three statements regarding the Philippines in a letter from the Secretary to Senator Bingham.
681
Apr. 7 (561) From the Chargé in Japan
Police and press disclosures that assassin of Baron Dan, as well as assassin of Dr. Inouye, who was murdered February 9, were members of a “blood brotherhood league” of a fascist nature; information concerning this organization of assassins.
681
May 15 (126) From the Chargé in Japan (tel.)
Foreign Office oral information that Premier Inukai was shot and critically injured, and attacks made on Count Makino’s residence and elsewhere by a group claiming to belong to a young officers’ association opposed to corruption in government.
684
May 20 (624) From the Chargé in Japan
Conclusion that incident of May 15, in which Premier Inukai was assassinated, was a demonstration typical of Japanese psychology intended to arouse public opinion and bring about downfall of present Government, in which it was successful. Evidence that parliamentary government in Japan is being weighed in the balance, with Army preparing to assume a larger role in politics; weakness of Japanese Constitution under present conditions.
684
May 23 (136) From the Chargé in Japan (tel.)
Appointment of Admiral Viscount Makoto Saito as premier to form a new Cabinet.
691
June 2 (635) From the Chargé in Japan
Detailed report concerning personnel of new Cabinet and the pressing domestic and foreign problems facing it; comment that it appears to be merely a stop-gap Cabinet which will not be able to maintain itself in office.
691
June 30 (33) From the Ambassador in Japan
Comments on the decline in discipline in Japan, particularly among younger Army and Navy officers and students, resulting chiefly from corruption in high places.
697
July 7 (43) From the Ambassador in Japan
Transmittal of copy of an open letter to the League of Nations Commission of Inquiry, published in the Japan Times and Mail of July 4, from the Shiunso, a semi-secret, reactionary, anti-American organization; comment on significance of this organization’s manifestoes.
699
July 28 (69) From the Ambassador in Japan
Explanation of contradictory reports emanating from Foreign Office; independent attitude of Mr. Shiratori, Director of the Bureau of Information and Intelligence, and official spokesman of the Foreign Office.
700
Aug. 26 (106) From the Ambassador in Japan
Conversation with the Belgian Ambassador in regard to Japan’s policy in Asia. Memorandum by the Military Attaché August 25 (text printed), regarding extraordinary military preparations now going on in Japan.
702
Sept. 21 (131) From the Ambassador in Japan
Report by Assistant Military Attaché (text printed) concerning anti-American propaganda in Japan.
705
Oct. 8 (149) From the Ambassador in Japan
Comment that recent outbreak of anti-American propaganda has two-fold purpose of providing justification for expansion of the Army and of keeping people in warlike frame of mind until Manchurian issue is settled.
715
Oct. 8 From the Ambassador in Japan
Observations regarding purpose behind Japanese recognition of “Manchoukuo,” and concerning reaction to the Lytton report. Suggestions as to future U. S. policy toward Japan.
717
Oct. 24 (261) From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Premier Saito’s pronouncement in a public interview on October 22 that the alleged anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States is caused by anti-American articles in the Japanese press.
720
Nov. 17 (197) From the Ambassador in Japan
Arrest of gang of young radicals involved in new assassination plot, said to be aimed at elimination of parliamentarism and at the Fascist control of political power under the Emperor, probably in control of the military; unsympathetic public reaction to these terroristic methods.
720
Nov. 18 (201) From the Ambassador in Japan
Observations and conclusions regarding economic conditions in Japan and their effect on political situation.
724
Dec. 3 From the Ambassador in Japan
Firm steps by Government to end assassination movements and to curb anti-American press campaign, indicating growing strength of moderate element; suppositions as to Japan’s intended action at coming meeting of League Assembly; excerpt from Ambassador’s speech in Osaka emphasizing position of U. S. Government and American people with respect to support of the peace treaties.
726

Amends by the Japanese Government For Assault at Mukden Upon Mr. Culver B. Chamberlain, American Consul at Harbin

[Page XCI][Page XCII]
Date and number Subject Page
1932 Jan. 4 (11) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, January 3: Report of assault upon Consul Chamberlain by Japanese soldiers; information that matter was reported verbally to the Japanese Consulate General with request that severe penalty be meted out.
728
Jan. 4 (2) To the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Information that Japanese Ambassador was advised of Department’s serious concern over assault on Consul Chamberlain at Mukden, and its desire for action by the Japanese Government; instructions to take no initiative in the matter.
729
Jan. 5 From the Consul General at Mukden (tel.)
Assurance by Acting Japanese Consul General that adequate measures have been taken to prevent repetition of incident; opinion that Japanese are attempting to place blame for attack on discharged civilian army interpreter.
729
Jan. 5 (18) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, January 4: Details of assault incident according to Chamberlain’s statement; statement to the press by Japanese headquarters regarding incident; official visit of Japanese Consul General, who expressed regret for attack on Chamberlain and advised as to action already taken and to be taken in the matter, including apology to Consul Chamberlain, who is now in Harbin, by the Japanese military representative there.
730
Jan. 5 (22) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, January 4: Japanese claim that only point of difference between Chamberlain’s statement and that of Japanese offenders is that Chamberlain tried to pull one man into the car; opinion that offenders should receive serious punishment, and request for Department’s instructions as to acceptable settlement.
Information that Legation will make further inquiry from Chamberlain regarding details of incident.
731
Jan. 6 (5) To the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)
Expression of regret by Japanese Ambassador, under instructions from his Government, for assault on Consul Chamberlain.
732
Jan. 6 Memorandum by the Secretary of State
Interview with the Japanese Ambassador, who was advised of Department’s attitude as to necessity for adequate punishment of offenders in assault case, and presented with an aide-mémoire (infra).
732
[Jan. 6?] To the Japanese Embassy
Aide-mémoire expressing gratification at Japanese Government’s expression of regret for the assault upon Consul Chamberlain, and indicating desire that offenders be promptly and adequately punished.
733
Jan. 7 (7) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions for the Consul at Mukden to take no action nor to make any commitment in regard to Chamberlain incident without further instructions.
734
Jan. 7 (34) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, January 6: Declaration to the press by Japanese headquarters spokesman setting forth Army authorities’ attitude that they are willing to make necessary amends for Chamberlain incident but that Chamberlain’s actions provoked the attack; re-questioning of chauffeur in regard to action referred to.
734
Jan. 7 (35) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Harbin, January 6: Chamberlain’s statement (text printed) on details of the incident; formal apology to Consul Chamberlain by chief of local Japanese military mission.
735
Jan. 7 (36) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Opinion that in view of amends which have been made by the Japanese, it would not be advisable to insist upon specific punishment of offenders as condition for closing case.
736
Jan. 10 (47) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, January 9: Statement by Japanese Acting Consul General (text printed) expressing his Government’s regret and informing of action to be taken by Japanese authorities on four points in reparation for assault on Consul Chamberlain.
736
Jan. 10 (9) To the Minister in China (tel.)
Instructions for Consul General at Mukden to call upon Japanese Acting Consul General and express U. S. Government’s satisfaction with settlement offered by Japanese Government, and further to request that proposed disciplinary punishment of Major General Ninomiya and his subordinate officers be remitted.
737
Jan. 13 (63) From the Minister in China (tel.)
From Mukden, January 12: Advice that Japanese Acting Consul General was informed in accordance with Department’s instructions; January 13: Visit of Major General Ninomiya to express his regrets for the incident.
738
Jan. 14 (69) From the Minister in China (tel).
From Harbin: Request by Japanese officials for information as to nature of injuries inflicted upon Chamberlain, for use in trial; suggestion to them that this information be obtained from Mukden physician who attended Chamberlain.
739
Jan. 21 (463) From the Ambassador in Japan
Receipt of note from Foreign Minister expressing pleasure at satisfactory settlement of Chamberlain incident, but explaining that punishment of Major General Ninomiya and subordinate officers is proper under Japanese Army rules and has been executed.
739
Feb. 2 (179) From the Minister in China (tel.)
Notification of sentences given offenders in assault on Chamberlain.
740
[Page XCIII]

Control of Activities of Japanese Vessels in Philippine Jurisdictional Waters

Date and number Subject Page
1932 Aug. 15 From the Governor General of the Philippine Islands to the Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department
Report regarding illegal entry into Philippine waters by Japanese boats, submitted in compliance with War Department request; information on control measures being taken, consisting of patrolling of waters and efforts to secure cooperation of Japanese authorities in preventing the clearing of boats from Formosa.
740
Aug. 19 From the Consul at Taihoku to the Governor General of the Philippine Islands
Information as to measures recently enacted by the Taiwan Government General for control of Japanese fishing vessels in seas south of 21° north latitude, by General Order No. 33 of July 2, in response to complaints of Philippine Government against unlawful incursions of Japanese and Taiwan registered fishing vessels into Philippine jurisdictional waters.
742
Oct. 4 From the Governor General of the Philippine Islands to the Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department
Transmittal of copy of letter from Consul at Taihoku, Taiwan, of August 19, with request that steps be taken for correction of Taiwan Order No. 33, making it applicable to waters south of 21° 25’ north latitude, the northern boundary of the Philippine Islands.
743
Nov. 18 To the Consul at Taihoku
Instructions informally and discreetly to bring to the attention of the Taiwan Government General the facts as to the northern boundary of the Philippine Islands and to request that General Order No. 33 be corrected accordingly.
744
1933 Feb. 21 (53) From the Consul at Taihoku
Information that Taiwan Government General declined to consider requested amendment of General Order No. 33, but that a proposal was accepted that fishermen be notified that certain islands such as Yami and North Island, lying north of 21° north latitude, belong to the Philippine group; transmittal of copy of circular letter dated February 18 to all Provincial Governors of Taiwan (text printed) in regard to this point.
745