Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs, Accompanying the Annual Message of the President to the Second Session Thirty-eighth Congress, Part I

No. 6.

Sir F. Rogers to Mr. Hammond.—(Received February 10.)

Downing Street, February 10, 1864.

Sir: I am directed by the Duke of Newcastle to transmit to you, for the information of Earl Russell, as bearing on the question of foreign enlistment, a copy of a letter from the colonial land and emigration commissioners, forwarding the usual return of the emigration from the United Kingdom for the quarter and for the year ending 31st December, 1863.

By the annexed tables it appears that in the three years preceding 1862 (in which the effects of the recruitment may have begun to be sensible) the emigration to the United States was composed as follows: single men, 65,883; others, 141,734; total, 207,567.

The proportion of single men to others was, therefore 46.4 to 100.

In 1863 the number of persons, other than single men, who emigrated was 93,783.

If the normal proportion of 46.4 to 100 had been preserved in 1863, the number of single men would have been about 43,476. It was actually 53,030: that is, the emigration of single men was about 10,000 more than the experience of the three years preceding 1862 would have led us to expect.

This furnishes a faint ground for conjecturing that recruitment may have gone on to about that extent.

I am, &c.,

FREDERIC ROGERS.

[Enclosure 1 in No. 6.]

Mr. Murdoch to Sir F. Rogers.

Emigration Board, January 23, 1864.

Sir: I transmit, herewith, for the information of his grace the Duke of Newcastle, a return of the emigration from the United Kingdom for the quarter and for the year ending 31st December, 1863.

2. I also enclose a return distinguishing the sexes of the emigrants and adults from children, and exhibiting, so far as can be ascertained from the passenger lists furnished by the custom-house authorities, the trade, occupation, or profession of the adults.

3. As much attention has recently been attracted to the emigration from Ireland to the United States, and to the probability that a portion of the emigrants go with the intention of enlisting, I add a table showing the numbers of single men and of Irish who have emigrated to the United States during the last five years, and the proportion they bear to the whole emigration of those years respectively. What is the exact number of Irish among the single men it would not be possible without much trouble to ascertain; but as the Irish constitute nearly two-thirds of the whole emigration to the United States, it may fairly be assumed that they constitute an equal proportion of the single men. This would give something more than 35,000 Irish single men.

4. The proportion both of the single men and of the Irish was larger in 1863 than in any of the preceding four years, though not to such an extent as to justify the assumption that any great effect is attributable to the temptations offered to recruits. It is more probable that the high wages now prevailing in the United States, as contrasted with the distress existing in Ireland, is the inducement which has led so many emigrants from that country to America. The [Page 447] number of Irish who have gone to other countries is 21,914; but the largeness of the number to the United States as compared with the number to all other countries is to be accounted for by the large remittances sent home by Irish emigrants already settled in the States to assist their friends at home, and the consequent facility in reaching that country as compared with other countries.

I have, &c.,

T. W. C. MURDOCH.

[Enclosure 2 in No. 6.]

Return of the emigration from the United Kingdom to all parts of the world during the year 1863, distinguishing adults, children, and infants, also the sexes; and showing the trade, occupation, or profession of the adults as far as can be ascertained from the passenger lists furnished by the custom-house authorities.

Description of emigrants embarked.		DESTINATION.
Description of emigrants embarked.		United States.	British North America.	Australasia.	All other places.	Total.
Adults—	Married males	12,319	1,169	5,908	591	19,987
	Married females	15,576	1,372	6,515	418	23,881
	Single males	53,030	3,007	19,010	1,427	76,474
	Single females	31,703	1,739	11,451	428	45,321
Children—	1 to 12 years, males	10,088	1,268	4,223	216	15,795
	1 to 12 years, females	9,598	1,130	3,949	175	14,852
Infants—	Males	3,082	273	817	26	4,198
	Females	2,962	213	787	37	3,999
Not distinguished as to age, males.		5,504	4,932	343	2,247	13,026
Not distinguished as to age, females		2,951	2,980	51	243	6,225
	Total	146,813	18,083	53,054	5,808	223,758
NATIVE COUNTRY OF EMIGRANTS.
English		32,570	2,550	24,654	1,469	61,243
Scotch		3,481	3,168	8,113	468	15,230
Irish		94,477	3,947	17,390	577	116,391
Foreigners		5,820	418	918	677	7,833
Not distinguished		10,465	8,000	1,979	2,617	23,061
	Total	146,813	18,083	53,054	5,808	223,758

[Page 448][Page 449]

Occupation.	United States.	British North America.	Australasia.	All other places.	Total.
ADULT MALES.
Agricultural laborers, gardeners, carters, &c	121	143	1,908	70	2,242
Bakers	371	13	80	5	469
Blacksmiths and farriers	82	14	142	9	247
Bookbinders and stationers	20	6	5	1	32
Boot and shoe makers	348	24	141	4	517
Braziers, tinsmiths, whitesmiths, &c	238	8	19	1	266
Brick and tile makers, potters, &c	7	1	25	1	34
Bricklayers, masons, plasterers, slaters, &c	1,156	22	160	3	1,341
Builders	32	1	17	1	51
Butchers, poulterers, &c	102	9	55	3	169
Cabinet-makers and upholsterers	30	2	30	1	63
Carpenters and joiners	1,206	91	191	16	1,804
Carvers and gliders	21	4	5		30
Clerks	376	92	247	77	792
Clock and watch makers	70		18	2	90
Coach-makers and trimmers	6	1	11		18
Coal-miners	27	2	14	2	45
Coopers	124	8	16	2	150
Cutlers	85	1	6		92
Domestic servants	158	15	71	2	246
Dyers	14	2	7		23
Engravers	51		8		59
Engineers	276	26	92	39	433
Farmers	6,555	717	1,530	115	8,917
Gentlemen, professional men, merchants, &c	890	174	1,132	319	2,515
Jewellers and silversmiths	3	1	13		17
Laborers, general	40,386	1,493	13,932	165	55,976
Locksmiths, gunsmiths, &c	19	1	3		23
Millers, malsters, &c	184	6	27		217
Millwrights	11	1	19	2	33
Miners and quarrymen	2,454	256	486	24	3,220
Painters, paper-hangers, plumbers, and glaziers	433	5	76	6	520
Pensioners	20	10	9	1	40
Printers	100	8	48	4	160
Rope makers	3		4		7
Saddlers and harness-makers	43	1	23	3	70
Sail-makers	5		6		11
Sawyers	16	16	31		63
Seamen	269	49	71	3	392
Shipwrights	15	8	13	2	38
Shopkeepers	446	53	596	21	1,116
Smiths, general	727	6	75	1	809
Spinners and weavers	1,518	332	234	2	2,086
Spinners-bakers, boilers, &c	46		22		68
Surveyors			15	2	17
Tailors	752	32	51	3	838
Tallow-chandlers and soap-makers	13				13
Tanners and curriers	50	1	9	2	62
Turners	13	3	6	1	23

Wheelwrights	44		26	1	71
Wool combers and sorters	5		4		9
Other mechanics not before specified	2,130	60	104	22	2,316
Not distinguised	3,278	458	2,785	1,080	7,601
ADULT FEMALES.
Domestic and farm servants, nurses, &c	13,968	433	5,249	33	19,683
Gentlewomen and governesses	74	37	110	28	249
Milliners, dress-makers, needlewomen	967	28	113	5	1,113
Married women	15,576	1,372	6,515	418	23,881
Shopwomen	3	1	1		5
Mechanics not before specified	53	26	129		208
Not distinguised	16,638	1,214	5,849	362	24,063
CHILDREN.
Male children, 1 to 12 years	10,088	1,268	4,223	216	15,795
Female children, 1 to 12 years	9,598	1,130	3,949	175	14,852
Infants	6,044	486	1,604	63	8,197
Not distinguished as to age	8,455	7,912	394	2,490	19,251
Grand total	146,813	18,083	53,054	5,808	223,758

[Enclosure 3 in No. 6.]

Return of the emigration to the United States during the years 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, and 1863

Year	Total emigration.	EMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES.		SINGLE MEN TO THE UNITED STATES.		IRISH EMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES
Year	Total emigration.	Numbers	Proportion	Numbers	Proportion	Numbers	Proportion
1859	120,432	70,303	58.37	22,927	32.61	41,180	58.57
1860	128,469	87,500	68.10	27,547	31.48	52,103	59.54
1861	91,770	49,764	54.22	15,359	30.86	28,209	56.68
1862	121,214	58,706	48.43	19,398	33.04	33,521	57.09
1863	223,758	146,813	65.61	53,030	36.12	94,477	64.35

[Page 450]

[Enclosure 4 in No. 6.]

Return of emigration from ports in the United Kingdom at which there are government emigration officers, for the quarter ending 31st December, 1863.

Point of departure.	United States.	British North America.	Australian colonies.	All other places.	Total.
Liverpool	20,505	724	4,208	402	25,839
London	456	6	3,941	793	5,196
Plymouth			1,442		1,442
Southampton			649	1,368	2,017
Total England	20,961	730	10,240	2,563	34,494
Glasgow and Greenock (Being the total from Scotland.)	326	253	357	67	1,003
Cork	4,728	211			4,939
Galway	1,897				1,897
Limerick
Londonderry	374	416			790
Tralee
Total Ireland	6,999	627			7,626
Grand total	28,286	1,610	10,597	2,630	43,123

Table showing the origin of the emigrants comprised in the above emigration.

Destination.	English.	Scotch.	Irish.	Foreigners.	Not distinguished.	Total.
United States	7,945	1,036	16,143	1,742	1,420	28,286
North American colonies	498	242	651	169	50	1,610
Australian colonies	5,077	1,539	3,683	233	65	10,597
All other places	1,059	233	221	568	549	2,630
Total	14,579	3,050	20,698	2,712	2,084	43,123

[Page 451]

Emigration for the under-mentioned periods from those ports of the United Kingdom at which there are emigration officers.

FROM LIVERPOOL.

Quarter ending 31st December.	United States.	British North America.	Australian colonies.	All other places.	Total.
1847	20,028	14	3	176	20,221
1848	34,155	35	112	531	34,833
1849	31,836	21	211	266	32,334
1850	44,555	56	344	294	45,249
1851	41,307	318	423	632	42,680
1852	33,079	14	8,095	129	41,317
1853	32,831	619	4,094	188	37,732
1854	25,308	169	9,468	92	35,037
1855	14,506	39	3,112	151	17,808
1856	18,647	558	8,855	125	28,185
1857	13,411	283	6,614	79	20,387
1858	8,734	290	4,777	551	14,352
1859	8,760	540	4,274	1,430	15,004
1860	10,985	770	2,489	333	14,577
1861	4,297	852	3,742	346	9,237
1862	7,881	712	3,276	212	12,081
1863	20,505	724	4,208	402	25,839

FROM LONDON, PLYMOUTH, AND SOUTHAMPTON.*

Quarter ending 31st December.	United States.	British North America.	Australian colonies.	All other places.	Total.
1847	1,412	10	1,836	1,088	4,346
1848	8,927	8	8,151	852	10,938
1849	1,092	73	6,859	1,487	9,511
1850	1,689	137	2,957	1,201	5,984
1851	2,867	10	6,100	635	9,612
1852	3,091	5	10,182	720	13,998
1853	4,094		8,193	438	12,725
1854	3,153	10	11,699	501	15,363
1855	1,222		4,159	541	5,922
1856	1,708	352	7,669	1,149	10,878
1857	1,537		5,225	641	7,403
1858	385	11	4,446	573	5,415
1859	680		2,385	3,632	6,697
1860	743	12	2,633	1,401	4,789
1861	239	7	4,075	1,072	5,393
1862	171	23	6,751	748	7,693
1863	456	6	6,032	2,161	8,655

[Page 452]

Quarter ending 31st December.	United States.	British North America.	Australian colonies.	All other places.	Total.
1847	257	9	248	66	580
1848	1,185	3	62	34	1,284
1849	3,298				3,298
1850	1,775	8	62	58	1,903
1851	1,199	7	237	81	1,524
1852	702	5	813	57	1,577
1853	1,135		631	29	1,795
1854	717		327	56	1,100
1855	139		58	36	233
1856	658		314	58	1,030
1857	452		351	76	879
1858	378		52	52	482
1859	248	35	617	56	956
1860	144	31	458	69	702
1861	33	84	366	69	552
1862	169	316	1,252	73	1,810
1863	326	253	357	67	1,003

FROM IRISH PORTS.

Quarter ending 31st December.	United States.	British North America.	Australian colonies.	All other places.	Total.
1847	500	473			973
1848	7,250			4	7,254
1849	851		195	182	1,138
1850	3,836				3,836
1851	6,694	2,953			9,647
1852	2,059			10	2,069
1853	2,052	4		375	2,431
1854	769		307		1,076
1855	244				244
1856	106		9	116	231
1857		3		1	4
1858	460	4		6	470
1859	1,429	32			1,461
1860	3,053	895	14		3,962
1861	1,129	248			1,377
1862	2,355	575	770		3,700
1863	6,999	627			7,626

[Page 453]

TOTAL FROM EMIGRATION OFFICERS’ STATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.

Quarter ending 31st December.	United States.	British North America.	Australian colonies.	All other places.	Total.
1847	22,197	506	2,087	1,330	26,120
1848	44,517	46	8,325	1,421	54,309
1849	37,077	94	7,175	1,935	46,281
1850	51,855	201	3,363	1,553	56,972
1851	52,067	3,288	6,760	1,348	63,463
1852	38,931	24	19,090	916	58.961
1853	40,112	623	12,918	1,030	54,683
1854	29,947	179	21,801	649	52,576
1855	16,111	39	7,329	728	24,207
1856	21,119	910	16,847	1,448	40,324
1857	15,400	286	12,190	797	28,673
1858	9,957	305	9,275	1,182	20,719
1859	11,117	607	7,276	5,118	24,118
1860	14,925	1,708	5,594	1,803	24,030
1861	5,698	1,191	8,183	1,487	16,559
1862	10,576	1,626	12,049	1,033	25,284
1863	28,286	1,610	10,597	2,630	43,123

[Enclosure 5 in No. 6.]

Return of emigration from the United Kingdom for the year 1863.

[Page 454]

Port of departure.	United States.	British North America.	Australian colonies.	All other places.	Total.
Liverpool	109,113	7,912	19,672	1,102	137,799
London	4,082	240	18,243	2,901	25,466
Plymouth		150	7,650		7,800
Southampton			2,580	1,368	3,948
Total England, from ports at which there are emigration officiers	113,195	8,302	48,145	5,371	175,013
Total from all other ports	40	39	58	59	196
Total England	113,235	8,341	48,203	5,430	175,209
Glasgow and Greenock	379	4,036	3,235	240	7,890
Total Scotland, from ports at which there are emigration officiers	379	4,036	3,235	240	7,890
Total from all other ports			40	1	41
Total Scotland	379	4,036	3,275	241	7,931
Cork	25,540	1,037	1,576		28,153
Galway	3,437	134			3,571
Limerick		188			188
Londonderry	3,567	4,157			7,724
Total Ireland, from ports at which	32,544	5,516	1,576		39,636
Total from all other ports	655	190		137	982
Total Ireland	33,199	5,706	1,576	137	40,618
Total from ports at which there are emigration officers	146,118	17,854	52,956	5,611	222,539
Total from all other ports	695	229	98	197	1,219
Grand total United Kingdom	146,813	18,083	53,054	5,808	223,758

Table showing the origin of the emigrants comprised in the above emigration.

Destination.	English.	Scotch.	Irish.	Foreigners.	Not distinguished.	Total.
United States	32,570	3,481	94,477	5,820	10,465	146,813
North American colonies	2,550	3,168	3,947	418	8,000	18,083
Australian colonies	24,654	8,113	17,390	918	1,979	53,054
All other places	1,469	468	577	677	2,617	5,808
Total	61,243	15,230	116,391	7,833	23,061	223,758

The emigration from Southampton is not included until the year 1853.↩